Core
strength
as
defined
by
Collin’s
English
Dictionary
is:
“the
strength
of
the
underlying
muscles
of
the
torso,
which
help
determine
posture”
In
more
technical
terms:
“The
deep
muscles
(those
closest
to
the
bone),
especially
the
muscles
providing
three
dimensional
support
around
the
central
vertical
axis
of
the
head,
neck
and
trunk.”
(Frick
&
Kawar,
2004)
The
core
muscles
are
the
many
different
muscles
in
the
abdomen
and
back
that
work
together
to
support
your
spine
and
hold
you
upright.
The
muscles
around
the
shoulder
girdle
and
the
hips
also
form
part
of
the
core.
Importance
&
functional
implications
The
demographics
are
leaning
more
and
more
towards
living
in
high
density
housing
such
as
units
and
less
towards
larger
homes
with
access
to
space
and
outdoor
play.
Children
are
at
school
for
up
to
7
hours
a
day
and
have
many
fine
and
gross
motor
demands
throughout
their
school
week.
By
incorporating
core
strength
activities
into
the
classroom
and
outdoors
you
may
find
that
children
are
able
to
concentrate
for
an
extended
amount
of
time
or
that
their
gross
motor
skills
improve.
1
!
Good
core
stability
help
children
to
maintain
a
good
sitting
posture
at
the
desk,
and
will
help
develop
a
stable,
supportive
base
for
gross
motor
and
fine
motor
movements.
Additionally
• The
core
helps
support
arm,
leg
and
head
movement
• Important
for
the
development
of
precise
hand
finger
movements
• Postural
control
become
effortless
&
may
help
to
concentrate
• If
a
tree
doesn’t
have
solid
ground
it
will
fall
ove
OT
and
core
strength:
OTs
look
at
incorporating
core
strength
activities
into
everyday
life
to
enable
postural
control
components
and
create
a
good
base
for
fine
and
gross
motor
activities
to
occur.
It
is
important
that
core
strength
activities
are
carried
out
in
the
home
and
school
to
get
the
best
results.
Identifying
weak
core
strength
If
a
child
has
poor
core
strength,
he/
she
may
look
like
this
in
the
classroom:
• Hook
arms
over
the
back
of
the
chair,
rocking
on
the
chair
and
generally
unable
to
sit
still
• Instead
of
sitting
upright,
may
have
a
tendency
to
lie
all
over
the
desk,
supporting
body
weight
on
the
arms
and
propping
the
head
in
a
hand
• Preferring
to
lie
down
instead
of
sitting
upright,
or
preferring
to
lie
down
during
floor
work
at
school
• Slouching
the
body
against
walls
or
tables,
instead
of
standing
up
straight
• Struggling
to
balance
while
lifting
one
leg
off
the
ground,
or
losing
balance
easily
during
gross
motor
activities
and
sports
• Poor
gross
motor
skills
and
general
clumsiness
• Avoids
climbing
on
playground
equipment
2
!
Regular
Core
Strength
Program
activity
ideas
for
early
primary
school
aged
children:
The
key
is
FUN!
The
following
outlines
suggested
activities
incorporating
core
strength
principles
to
enable
increased
postural
control
and
a
strong
basis
for
development.
Stage
1
activity
ideas
(k-‐2:
ages
5-‐8)
Incorporating
a
core
strength
program
into
the
classroom:
Ideas
for
activities
which
can
be
used
in
a
core
strength
program,
this
can
be
done
at
the
beginning
of
the
day,
between
sessions
or
as
part
of
fitness.
o Snake
curl
ups
Children
lie
on
backs
with
knees
bent
and
an
object
or
piece
of
paper
etc
between
knees
to
keep
them
together
with
hands
on
thighs.
As
the
“snake
charmer”
says,
the
“snake”
sits
up
to
being
hands
to
knees
without
letting
object
drop.
Benefits:
This
activity
promotes
activation
of
core
muscles
and
strengthening,
leading
to
a
strong
core
and
endurance
in
all
activities.
o Superman/woman
Lying
on
bellies
and
lifting(straight)
arms
and
legs
off
the
ground,
think
quality
of
movement
as
opposed
for
length
of
time
held.
Benefits:
Holding
this
position
for
up
to
10
seconds
helps
strengthen
all
core
muscles
but
in
particular
muscles
of
the
back,
shoulders
and
glutes.
o Popcorn
Get
children
to
lie
on
their
backs
and
pull
their
legs
towards
their
chests,
tuck
their
heads
in
and
hold
their
legs
with
their
arms,
then
POP
and
put
arms
and
legs
out
straight
for
as
long
as
possible.
Making
sure
we
take
breaths
and
keep
head
off
the
ground!
3
seconds
to
start
off
with.
Benefits:
Flexing
all
the
core
muscles,
this
position
encourages
abdominal,
hip,
pelvis
and
neck
muscles
to
get
stronger,
which
therefore
helps
with
postural
control.
3
!
o Bridges
Children
pair
up
and
sit
in
TV
position
(on
forearms)
with
their
feet
touching
like
a
bridge,
the
children
then
tilt
their
“bridge”
from
side
to
side,
keeping
bodies
and
arms
on
the
ground.
Can
also
incorporate
bicycle
feet,
alternating
legs,
like
when
cycling.
Benefits:
This
exercise
is
great
for
abdominal,
hip
and
back
muscles.
o Picking
something
off
the
ground
with
a
book
on
head
Benefits:
Engaging
core
to
emphasize
stability
using
leg,
abdominals
and
hip
muscles.
o Dog
with
sore
paws
On
all
fours,
(hands
and
knees
hip
width
apart)
get
children
to
lift
their
left
arm
and
right
leg
simultaneously
and
then
right
arm
and
left
leg,
try
to
sustain
for
a
few
seconds;
this
is
also
good
for
left
and
right
generalization.
Benefits:
Uses
glutes,
leg
and
arm
muscles
to
do
movements,
whilst
keeping
trunk
stable.
Also
good
for
body
concept,
motor
co-‐ordination
and
learning
left
and
right.
o Snake
SSS
Children
pair
off
and
sit
with
legs
out
straight
facing
partner,
about
a
meter
apart
(where
enough
room)
children
then
hold
their
palms
together
and
creep
towards
partner
on
their
bottoms
whilst
saying
“SSSSSSS”.
Benefits:
By
engaging
breathing
the
core
abdominal
and
upper
thigh
muscles
are
able
to
become
stronger
and
help
support
seated
positions
in
the
classroom.
Older
stage
strategies:
o Plank
On
arms,
trying
to
hold
for
20
seconds.
Make
sure
bottom
is
low,
incorporates
all
core
muscles!
o Hover
On
forearms,
slightly
less
challenging
than
plank
but
essentially
incorporates
the
same
principles.
o Wheel
barrow
walks
In
pairs,
children
can
practice
wheel
barrow
walks
to
retrieve
items
or
in
between
transition
periods
in
the
class
room.
4
!
Adapting
everyday
classroom
activities:
o Writing
in
prone
Lying
on
their
bellies
to
read,
complete
work
on
the
floor,
propping
up
their
upper
body
using
arms.
o Writing
on
vertical
surfaces
Vertical
surfaces
such
as
walls
and
white
boards
make
great
surfaces
to
engage
neck
and
shoulder
muscles,
try
switching
to
these
for
occasional
activities.
o Desk
push
offs
using
the
desk,
ask
children
to
push
themselves
back
a
few
times,
listing
shoulders
off
the
desk.
This
engages
shoulder
muscles
and
keeps
the
body
upright,
it
is
also
good
as
a
movement
break.
o Wall/
chair
push
ups
Wall
and
chair
pushups
may
be
difficult
for
some
children,
however
engage
most
core
muscles
(abdominals,
should,
legs
and
backs)
to
strengthen
postural
muscles.
Have
the
children
push
themselves
off
their
chair
up
to
10
times,
allowing
for
breaks
if
they
tire.
o Animal
walks
between
transition
periods
A
great
and
easy
way
to
incorporate
core
strength
principles
for
some
of
the
younger
years
is
to
get
them
to
walk
to
bathroom,
door,
library
or
even
just
from
floor
to
desk
in
animal
position:
bears
with
their
bottoms
high,
frogs
who
get
very
low
then
high
and
crabs
with
their
bellies
very
flat.
(incorporating
books/
bean
bags/
pencil
cases
on
their
bellies
in
crab
walks
may
encourage
bottoms
to
stay
off
the
ground)
o Leg
raises
Get
children
to
stand
and
hold
the
back
of
their
chairs
then
lift
one
leg
at
a
time,
then
lower
it
trying
not
to
touch
the
ground
again(repeat
3
times)
then
try
to
then
let
go.
This
encourages
children’s
balance
and
body
awareness
and
engages
hip,
leg
and
abdominal
muscles.
o Pushing
hands
together
“stretch”
Getting
children
to
push
against
their
own
hands
while
sitting
at
their
desk,
or
even
on
the
floor
is
a
good
way
to
give
them
that
little
bit
of
extra
shoulder
muscle
use
(isometric
activity).Have
children
reach
above
their
heads
and
push
and
out
in
front
and
push
and
behind
and
push.
Great
for
a
small
movement
break
after
completing
a
somewhat
arduous
task.
5
!
Outdoor/
sport
activities:
o Tug
of
war
Playing
tug
of
war
is
always
fun,
and
children
especially
love
this
game.
It
is
also
a
great
activity
for
children
to
use
all
their
whole
body
muscles.
This
can
either
be
a
game
for
the
whole
class,
or
have
the
children
spread
into
small
groups
of
4-‐6
and
compete
in
their
small
groups.
A
long
rope
or
tea
towels
can
be
used
to
play
this
game.
o Over
under
ball
game
This
game
supports
children
to
identify
different
body
parts,
use
positional
language
and
move
in
a
limited
amount
of
space.
This
also
promotes
teamwork
and
communication.
Ask
the
children
to
form
two
lines
(more
if
you
have
a
large
group
of
children).
Ensure
there
is
at
least
an
arm’s
length
space
between
them.
The
first
child
will
pass
the
ball
backwards
over
their
head,
the
second
child
will
take
the
ball
and
pass
the
ball
backwards
through
their
legs,
the
third
child
will
take
the
ball
and
pass
the
ball
backwards
over
their
head
and
so
on.
The
line
of
children
that
gets
their
ball
to
their
last
player
is
the
winner.
o Wheelbarrow
walks
Wheelbarrow
walks
are
a
great
upper
body
strengthening
activity.
This
can
be
done
in
pairs.
Children
can
aim
to
retrieve
item
at
the
end
of
the
wheelbarrow
walks.
Supporting
hips
instead
of
legs
will
make
it
easier
for
younger
grades,
while
older
stage
children
can
achieve
wheelbarrow
walks
with
legs
being
held.
o Commando
walks
Commando
walks
are
another
great
upper
body
strengthening
activity.
They
incorporate
core
strength
principles
and
use
of
all
big
muscles
(glutes,
shoulders
and
back
muscles).
Children
commence
lying
on
their
tummies
and
crawl
forward
with
their
arms
and
body
movements.
o Monkey
bars
Monkey
bars
are
a
common
piece
of
school
playground
equipment,
which
are
great
to
gain
upper
body
(shoulder
and
arm)
strength
while
incorporating
stabilization
through
core
and
back.
o Animal
walks
(crab
walks
with
bean
bags
on
bellies)
Have
children
put
a
bean
bag
on
their
bellies
and
perform
crab
walks
to
keep
their
bottoms
up
and
maintain
a
good
“crab”
posture.
Glutes,
Backs,
arms
and
shoulder
muscles
are
all
used.
Children
should
try
to
keep
their
bottoms
off
the
ground
to
achieve
a
better
result.
o Captain
ball
It
is
simple
fun
game
for
children
to
play
as
a
team
and
is
good
for
shoulder,
leg
and
hip
strength.
Can
be
one
or
multiple
teams
depending
on
class
size.
Have
teams
line
up
with
the
captain
of
each
team
standing
one
meter
away
from
the
first
person
on
the
team.
To
start
the
game,
the
captain
throws
the
ball
to
the
first
player
in
the
line
who
then
throws
the
ball
back
and
squats
down.
The
captain
throws
the
ball
to
the
next
player,
who
throws
the
ball
back
and
sits
down.
The
player
continues
in
this
way
until
all
players
have
had
a
turn.
The
last
player
catches
the
ball
and
runs
to
the
captain
to
replace
him.
The
new
captain
now
repeats
the
throwing
of
the
ball
to
each
player.
6
!
o Ball
kicking
in
TV
sit
Have
children
to
split
in
small
groups
and
each
will
have
a
gym
ball.
Taking
turns
to
throw
the
ball
to
peers,
and
others
will
have
to
go
on
TV
sit.
(Weight
bearing
on
forearms,
sit
up
and
look
at
the
ball-‐throwing
peer).
Children
who
are
in
TV
sit
will
have
to
kick
the
ball
back
their
peer.
“Kapow”.
Engages
core
muscles.
o Hula
hooping
Hula
hooping
engages
the
hip
and
abdominal
muscles
to
stabilize
hoop
and
keep
it
on
hips.
This
is
a
difficult
skill
to
acquire
but
keeping
the
hula
hoop
around
hips
may
help
with
body
awareness.
o Balance
beam
with
bean
bags
on
head
Have
the
children
to
put
a
bean
bag
on
head
and
walk
a
distance
or
on
balance
beam.
It
requires
a
relatively
good
posture
which
is
upright
body
to
hold
the
bean
bag
and
at
the
same
time
to
balance
on
the
beam.
It
is
also
good
activity
for
concentration
training.
o Scooter
boarding
(where
possible)
NB:
This
require
close
supervision.
Have
children
to
take
turns
lying
on
their
tummies
on
scooter
and
walk
along
a
distance
with
their
arms.
Put
bean
bags
5
meters
away
from
the
starting
point,
and
children
will
have
to
scooter
along
to
the
bean
bag
and
bring
the
bean
bag
back
to
the
starting
point.
7
!
REFERENCES:
Burtner,P.,
Westcott,
S.,
L.(2004).
Postural
Control
in
Children:
implications
for
pediatric
practice.
Vol.
24,
No.
1/2,
2004,
pp.
5-‐55;
Haworth
Press
inc.
retrieved
August
17
2012
from:
http://www.haworthpress.com/web/POTP
Definition
of
Core
strength.
(n.d.).
Collins
English
Dictionary
-‐
Complete
&
Unabridged
10th
Edition.
Retrieved
August
16,
2012,
from:
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/core
strength
Frick,
S.
M.,
Kawar.
M,
J.
(2004)
Core
Concepts
in
Action.
Vital
Links,
Madison,
WI.
2004.
Le
Roux
,T.
(2009-‐2012)
the
importance
of
abdominal
exercises
for
kids.
Retrieved
August
17
2012,
from
http://www.ot-‐mom-‐learning-‐activities.com/abdominal-‐exercises-‐for-‐kids.html
Maxwell,L.(2003).Home
and
School
Density
Effects
on
Elementary
School
Children:
The
Role
of
Spatial
Density.
The
Department
of
Design
and
Environmental
Analysis,
New
York
Cornell
University.
Retrieved
August
13
from:
http://eab.sagepub.com.ezproxy2.library.usyd.edu.au/content/35/4/566
Pasricha,
N.(2012)
1000
Awesome
Things:
A
time-‐ticking
countdown
of
1000
awesome
thing.
Retrieved
August
14,
2012
from
http://1000awesomethings.com/
8