0% found this document useful (0 votes)
139 views8 pages

Core Strength - HANDOUT

Core strength is defined as the strength of the underlying muscles of the torso, which support posture and movement. It is essential for children, especially in high-density living situations, to develop core strength through activities that enhance postural control and motor skills. Incorporating fun core strength activities in classrooms can improve children's concentration and overall physical abilities.

Uploaded by

hiralsangoi.ot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
139 views8 pages

Core Strength - HANDOUT

Core strength is defined as the strength of the underlying muscles of the torso, which support posture and movement. It is essential for children, especially in high-density living situations, to develop core strength through activities that enhance postural control and motor skills. Incorporating fun core strength activities in classrooms can improve children's concentration and overall physical abilities.

Uploaded by

hiralsangoi.ot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

 

Core  strength  as  defined  by  Collin’s  English  Dictionary  is:    

“the  strength  of  the  underlying  muscles  of  the  torso,  which  help  determine  posture”  

In  more  technical  terms:  

“The  deep  muscles  (those  closest  to  the  bone),  especially  the  muscles  providing  three  dimensional  
support  around  the  central  vertical  axis  of  the  head,  neck  and  trunk.”    

(Frick  &  Kawar,  2004)    

The  core  muscles  are  the  many  different  muscles  in  the  abdomen  and  back  that  work  together  to  
support  your  spine  and  hold  you  upright.  The  muscles  around  the  shoulder  girdle  and  the  hips  also  form  
part  of  the  core.  

Importance  &  functional  implications  

The  demographics  are  leaning  more  and  more  towards  living  in  high  density  housing  such  as  units  and  
less  towards  larger  homes  with  access  to  space  and  outdoor  play.    

Children  are  at  school  for  up  to  7  hours  a  day  and  have  many  fine  and  gross  motor  demands  throughout  
their  school  week.  By  incorporating  core  strength  activities  into  the  classroom  and  outdoors  you  may  
find  that  children  are  able  to  concentrate  for  an  extended  amount  of  time  or  that  their  gross  motor  skills  
improve.    

1  
 
 
!
Good  core  stability  help  children  to  maintain  a  good  sitting  posture  at  the  desk,  and  will  help  develop  a  
stable,  supportive  base  for  gross  motor  and  fine  motor  movements.  

Additionally    

• The  core  helps  support  arm,  leg  and  head  movement  


• Important  for  the  development  of  precise  hand  finger  movements  
• Postural  control  become  effortless  &  may  help  to  concentrate    
• If  a  tree  doesn’t  have  solid  ground  it  will  fall  ove  

OT  and  core  strength:  

OTs  look  at  incorporating  core  strength  activities  into  everyday  life  to  enable  postural  control  
components  and  create  a  good  base  for  fine  and  gross  motor  activities  to  occur.  It  is  important  that  core  
strength  activities  are  carried  out  in  the  home  and  school  to  get  the  best  results.  

Identifying  weak  core  strength    

If  a  child  has  poor  core  strength,  he/  she  may  look  like  this  in  the  
classroom:  

• Hook  arms  over  the  back  of  the  chair,  rocking  on  the  chair  and  
generally  unable  to  sit  still    
• Instead  of  sitting  upright,  may  have  a  tendency  to  lie  all  over  the  
desk,  supporting  body  weight  on  the  arms  and  propping  the  
head  in  a  hand    
• Preferring  to  lie  down  instead  of  sitting  upright,  or  preferring  to  
lie  down  during  floor  work  at  school    
• Slouching  the  body  against  walls  or  tables,  instead  of  standing  up  straight    
• Struggling  to  balance  while  lifting  one  leg  off  the  ground,  or  losing  balance  easily  during  gross  motor  
activities  and  sports    
• Poor  gross  motor  skills  and  general  clumsiness    
• Avoids  climbing  on  playground  equipment    

2  
 
 
!
Regular  Core  Strength  Program  activity  ideas  for  early  primary  school  aged  children:    

The  key  is  FUN!  

The  following  outlines  suggested  activities  incorporating  core  strength  principles  to  enable  increased  
postural  control  and  a  strong  basis  for  development.    

Stage  1  activity  ideas  (k-­‐2:  ages  5-­‐8)    

Incorporating  a  core  strength  program  into  the  classroom:    

Ideas  for  activities  which  can  be  used  in  a  core  strength  program,  this  can  be  done  at  the  beginning  of  
the  day,  between  sessions  or  as  part  of  fitness.  

o Snake  curl  ups  


Children  lie  on  backs  with  knees  bent  and  an  object  or  piece  of  paper  etc  between  knees  to  keep  them  
together  with  hands  on  thighs.  As  the  “snake  charmer”  says,  the  “snake”  sits  up  to  being  hands  to  knees  
without  letting  object  drop.    

Benefits:    

This  activity  promotes  activation  of  core  muscles  and  strengthening,  leading  to  a  strong  core  and  
endurance  in  all  activities.    

o Superman/woman  
Lying  on  bellies  and  lifting(straight)  arms  and  legs  off  the  ground,  think  quality  of  movement  as  opposed  
for  length  of  time  held.    

Benefits:  

Holding  this  position  for  up  to  10  seconds  helps  strengthen  all  core  
muscles  but  in  particular  muscles  of  the  back,  shoulders  and  glutes.    

o Popcorn  
Get  children  to  lie  on  their  backs  and  pull  their  legs  towards  their  chests,  tuck  their  heads  in  and  hold  
their  legs  with  their  arms,  then  POP  and  put  arms  and  legs  out  straight  for  as  long  as  possible.  Making  
sure  we  take  breaths  and  keep  head  off  the  ground!  3  seconds  to  start  off  with.    

Benefits:  

Flexing  all  the  core  muscles,  this  position  encourages  abdominal,  hip,  pelvis  and  neck  muscles  to  get  
stronger,  which  therefore  helps  with  postural  control.  

3  
 
 
!
o Bridges  
Children  pair  up  and  sit  in  TV  position  (on  forearms)  with  their  
feet  touching  like  a  bridge,  the  children  then  tilt  their  “bridge”  
from  side  to  side,  keeping  bodies  and  arms  on  the  ground.  Can  
also  incorporate  bicycle  feet,  alternating  legs,  like  when  
cycling.    

Benefits:  

This  exercise  is  great  for  abdominal,  hip  and  back  muscles.  

o Picking  something  off  the  ground  with  a  book  on  head  


Benefits:  

Engaging  core  to  emphasize  stability  using  leg,  abdominals  and  hip  muscles.    

o Dog  with  sore  paws  


On  all  fours,  (hands  and  knees  hip  width  apart)  get  children  to  lift  their  left  arm  and  right  leg  
simultaneously  and  then  right  arm  and  left  leg,  try  to  sustain  for  a  few  seconds;  this  is  also  good  for  left  
and  right  generalization.  

Benefits:  

Uses  glutes,  leg  and  arm  muscles  to  do  movements,  whilst  keeping  trunk  stable.  Also  good  for  body  
concept,  motor  co-­‐ordination  and  learning  left  and  right.    

o Snake  SSS  
Children  pair  off  and  sit  with  legs  out  straight  facing  partner,  about  a  meter  apart  (where  enough  room)  
children  then  hold  their  palms  together  and  creep  towards  partner  on  their  bottoms  whilst  saying  
“SSSSSSS”.  

Benefits:  

By  engaging  breathing  the  core  abdominal  and  upper  thigh  muscles  are  able  to  become  stronger  and  
help  support  seated  positions  in  the  classroom.    

Older  stage  strategies:  

o Plank  
On  arms,  trying  to  hold  for  20  seconds.  Make  sure  bottom  is  low,  incorporates  all  core  muscles!  

o Hover  
On  forearms,  slightly  less  challenging  than  plank  but  essentially  incorporates  the  same  principles.    

o Wheel  barrow  walks  


In  pairs,  children  can  practice  wheel  barrow  walks  to  retrieve  items  or  in  between  transition  periods  in  
the  class  room.    

4  
 
 
!
Adapting  everyday  classroom  activities:    

o Writing  in  prone  


Lying  on  their  bellies  to  read,  complete  work  on  the  floor,  propping  up  their  upper  body  using  arms.  

o Writing  on  vertical  surfaces  


Vertical  surfaces  such  as  walls  and  white  boards  make  great  surfaces  to  engage  neck  and  shoulder  
muscles,  try  switching  to  these  for  occasional  activities.    

o Desk  push  offs  


using  the  desk,  ask  children  to  push  themselves  back  a  few  times,  listing  shoulders  off  the  desk.  This  
engages  shoulder  muscles  and  keeps  the  body  upright,  it  is  also  good  as  a  movement  break.    

o Wall/  chair  push  ups  


Wall  and  chair  pushups  may  be  difficult  for  some  children,  however  engage  most  core  muscles  
(abdominals,  should,  legs  and  backs)  to  strengthen  postural  muscles.  Have  the  children  push  themselves  
off  their  chair  up  to  10  times,  allowing  for  breaks  if  they  tire.    

o Animal  walks  between  transition  periods    


A  great  and  easy  way  to  incorporate  core  strength  principles  for  some  of  the  younger  years  is  to  get  
them  to  walk  to  bathroom,  door,  library  or  even  just  from  floor  to  desk  in  animal  position:  bears  with  
their  bottoms  high,  frogs  who  get  very  low  then  high  and  crabs  with  their  bellies  very  flat.  (incorporating  
books/  bean  bags/  pencil  cases  on  their  bellies  in  crab  walks  may  encourage  bottoms  to  stay  off  the  
ground)    

o Leg  raises  
Get  children  to  stand  and  hold  the  back  of  their  chairs  then  lift  one  leg  at  a  time,  then  lower  it  trying  not  
to  touch  the  ground  again(repeat  3  times)  then  try  to  then  let  go.  This  encourages  children’s  balance  
and  body  awareness  and  engages  hip,  leg  and  abdominal  muscles.    

o Pushing  hands  together  “stretch”  


Getting  children  to  push  against  their  own  hands  while  sitting  at  their  desk,  or  even  on  the  floor  is  a  
good  way  to  give  them  that  little  bit  of  extra  shoulder  muscle  use  (isometric  activity).Have  children  
reach  above  their  heads  and  push  and  out  in  front  and  push  and  behind  and  push.  Great  for  a  small  
movement  break  after  completing  a  somewhat  arduous  task.  

5  
 
 
!
Outdoor/  sport  activities:  

o Tug  of  war    


 
Playing  tug  of  war  is  always  fun,  and  children  especially  love  this  game.  It  is  also  a  great  activity  
for  children  to  use  all  their  whole  body  muscles.  This  can  either  be  a  game  for  the  whole  class,  
or  have  the  children  spread  into  small  groups  of  4-­‐6  and  compete  in  their  small  groups.  A  long  
rope  or  tea  towels  can  be  used  to  play  this  game.    
 
o Over  under  ball  game  
This  game  supports  children  to  identify  different  body  parts,  use  positional  language  and  move  
in  a  limited  amount  of  space.  This  also  promotes  teamwork  and  communication.  Ask  the  
children  to  form  two  lines  (more  if  you  have  a  large  group  of  children).  Ensure  there  is  at  least  
an  arm’s  length  space  between  them.  The  first  child  will  pass  the  ball  backwards  over  their  head,  
the  second  child  will  take  the  ball  and  pass  the  ball  backwards  through  their  legs,  the  third  child  
will  take  the  ball  and  pass  the  ball  backwards  over  their  head  and  so  on.  The  line  of  children  that  
gets  their  ball  to  their  last  player  is  the  winner.
 
o Wheelbarrow  walks  
 Wheelbarrow  walks  are  a  great  upper  body  strengthening  activity.  This  can  be  done  in  pairs.  
Children  can  aim  to  retrieve  item  at  the  end  of  the  wheelbarrow  walks.  Supporting  hips  instead  
of  legs  will  make  it  easier  for  younger  grades,  while  older  stage  children  can  achieve  
wheelbarrow  walks  with  legs  being  held.    
 
o Commando  walks    
Commando  walks  are  another  great  upper  body  strengthening  activity.  They  incorporate  core  
strength  principles  and  use  of  all  big  muscles  (glutes,  shoulders  and  back  muscles).  Children  
commence  lying  on  their  tummies  and  crawl  forward  with  their  arms  and  body  movements.    
 
o Monkey  bars  
Monkey  bars  are  a  common  piece  of  school  playground  equipment,  which  are  great  to  gain  
upper  body  (shoulder  and  arm)  strength  while  incorporating  stabilization  through  core  and  back.  
 
 
o Animal  walks  (crab  walks  with  bean  bags  on  bellies)  
Have  children    put  a  bean  bag  on  their    bellies  and  perform  crab  walks  to  keep  their  bottoms  up  
and  maintain  a  good  “crab”  posture.  Glutes,  Backs,  arms  and  shoulder  muscles  are  all  used.  
Children  should  try  to  keep  their  bottoms  off  the  ground  to  achieve  a  better  result.    
 
o Captain  ball  
It  is  simple  fun  game  for  children  to  play  as  a  team  and  is  good  for  shoulder,  leg  and  hip  
strength.    Can  be  one  or  multiple  teams  depending  on  class  size.  Have  teams  line  up  with  the  
captain  of  each  team  standing  one  meter  away  from  the  first  person  on  the  team.  To  start  the  
game,  the  captain  throws  the  ball  to  the  first  player  in  the  line  who  then  throws  the  ball  back  
and  squats  down.  The  captain  throws  the  ball  to  the  next  player,  who  throws  the  ball  back  and  
sits  down.  The  player  continues  in  this  way  until  all  players  have  had  a  turn.  The  last  player  
catches  the  ball  and  runs  to  the  captain  to  replace  him.  The  new  captain  now  repeats  the  
throwing  of  the  ball  to  each  player.    

6  
 
 
!
 
o Ball  kicking  in  TV  sit  
Have  children  to  split  in  small  groups  and  each  will  have  a  gym  ball.  Taking  turns  to  throw  the  
ball  to  peers,  and  others  will  have  to  go  on  TV  sit.  (Weight  bearing  on  forearms,  sit  up  and  look  
at  the  ball-­‐throwing  peer).  Children  who  are  in  TV  sit  will  have  to  kick  the  ball  back  their  peer.  
“Kapow”.  Engages  core  muscles.    
 
o Hula  hooping  
Hula  hooping  engages  the  hip  and  abdominal  muscles  to  stabilize  hoop  and  keep  it  on  hips.  This  
is  a  difficult  skill  to  acquire  but  keeping  the  hula  hoop  around  hips  may  help  with  body  
awareness.    
 
o Balance  beam  with  bean  bags  on  head  
Have  the  children  to  put  a  bean  bag  on  head  and  walk  a  distance  or  on  balance  beam.  It  requires  
a  relatively  good  posture  which  is  upright  body  to  hold  the  bean  bag  and  at  the  same  time  to  
balance  on  the  beam.  It  is  also  good  activity  for  concentration  training.    
 
o Scooter  boarding  (where  possible)  
NB:  This  require  close  supervision.  Have  children  to  take  turns  lying  on  their  tummies  on  scooter  
and  walk  along  a  distance  with  their  arms.  Put  bean  bags  5  meters  away  from  the  starting  point,  
and  children  will  have  to  scooter  along  to  the  bean  bag  and  bring  the  bean  bag  back  to  the  
starting  point.    
 
 

7  
 
 
!
REFERENCES:  

Burtner,P.,  Westcott,  S.,  L.(2004).  Postural  Control  in  Children:  implications  for  pediatric  
       practice.  Vol.  24,  No.  1/2,  2004,  pp.  5-­‐55;  Haworth  Press  inc.  retrieved  August  17  2012  from:    
http://www.haworthpress.com/web/POTP  
 

Definition  of  Core  strength.  (n.d.).  Collins  English  Dictionary  -­‐  Complete  &  Unabridged  10th  
Edition.  Retrieved  August  16,  2012,  from:  http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/core  
strength  

Frick,  S.  M.,  Kawar.  M,  J.  (2004)  Core  Concepts  in  Action.  Vital  Links,  Madison,  WI.  2004.  

Le  Roux  ,T.  (2009-­‐2012)  the  importance  of  abdominal  exercises  for  kids.  Retrieved  August  17  
2012,  from  http://www.ot-­‐mom-­‐learning-­‐activities.com/abdominal-­‐exercises-­‐for-­‐kids.html  

Maxwell,L.(2003).Home  and  School  Density  Effects  on  Elementary  School  Children:  The  Role  of  
Spatial  Density.  The  Department  of  Design  and  Environmental  Analysis,  New  York  Cornell  
University.  Retrieved  August  13  from:  
http://eab.sagepub.com.ezproxy2.library.usyd.edu.au/content/35/4/566  

Pasricha,  N.(2012)  1000  Awesome  Things:  A  time-­‐ticking  countdown  of  1000  awesome  thing.  
Retrieved  August  14,  2012  from  http://1000awesomethings.com/  

8  
 

You might also like