SOLUTIONS TO “APPLIED CIRCUIT ANALYSIS”

CHAPTER 11

Prob. 11.1

V pp  2V p  2.4 V

Prob. 11.2

(a) V p  120
(b) V pp  120  2  240
(c) V (t  1ms )  120sin 2000 103
 120sin 2
 109.13 V

Prob. 11.3

i (0)  24 cos 0  24 mA
i (10ms )  24 cos(377  10 103 )  24 cos 3.77  19.415 mA
i (40ms )  24 cos(377  40 103 )  24 cos15.08  19.421 mA

Prob. 11.4

10  I m sin 754  2  103

10
Im   10.02 A
sin1.508

Prob. 11.5

At t  2ms V  10sin 377  2 103

 10sin 0.754  6.846V
At t  14.5ms V  10sin 377 14.5 103
 10sin 5.4665  7.289V
At t  25.2ms V  10sin 377  25.2 103
 10sin 9.5  0.7515V
Prob. 11.6
22.5o
(a) rad =    0.3927
180o
65o
(b) rad =    1.134
180o
122o
(c) rad =    2.129
180o
270o
(d) rad =    4.712
180o

Prob. 11.7

 180o
(a) degree =   36o
5 
6 180o
(b) degree =   154.29o
7 
180o
(c) degree = 2.368   135.68o

180o
(d) degree = 4.5   257.83o


Prob. 11.8

1
(a) T   20ms
50
1
(b) T   1.667ms
600
1
(c) T   0.5ms
2  103
1
(d) T  6  1 s
10

Prob. 11.9
1 1
(a) f    2.5

Hz
T 0.4
1 1
(b) f    500

Hz
T 2  103
1 1
(c) f    33.33kHz
T 3  106

Prob. 11.10

1  2
(a) Amplitude = 5, f     1 Hz
T 2 2
 377
(b) Amplitude = 10, f    60 Hz
2 2
 106
(c) Amplitude = 30, f    1.591105 Hz
2 2
 42.56
(d) Amplitude = 0.04, f    6.774 Hz
2 2

Prob. 11.11

(a) T  10s
1
(b) f   0.1Hz
T
(c) The answer is 3.

Prob. 11.12

t = 10T = 10/f = 10/60 = 0.1667 s

Prob. 11.13

f = no. of cycles/second = 100/2 = 50 Hz

Prob. 11.14

1 1
T  2ms  f    500 Hz
T 2 103

Prob. 11.15
T  40  40  80ms
1 1
f    12.5 Hz
T 80 103

Prob. 11.16
1 1
T  . If f  2 f o , then T 
f 2 fo
i.e. the period is halved.

Prob. 11.17

2 2
   1570.8 rad/s
T 4  103

Prob. 11.18

(a) T = 2ms
(b) f = 1/T = 1/2ms = 500 Hz
(c ) ω = 2πf = 2(500) = 3142 rad/s
(d) I p = 20 mA
(e) I pp = 40 mA

Prob. 11.19

(a) angular frequency  = 103 rad/s


(b) frequency f = = 159.2 Hz
2

1
(c) period T = = 6.283 ms
f

(d) Since sin(A) = cos(A – 90),

v s = 12 sin(103t + 24) = 12 cos(103t + 24 – 90)
v s in cosine form is v s = 12 cos(103t – 66) V

At t = 2.5 ms, v s (2.5 ms) = 12 sin((10 3 )(2.5  10 -3 )  24)

= 12 sin(2.5 + 24) = 12 sin(143.24 + 24)
= 2.65 V
Prob. 11.20

(a) amplitude = 8 A

(b)  = 500 = 1570.8 rad/s


(c) f = = 250 Hz
2

(d) I s = 8-25 A
I s (2 ms) = 8 cos((500 )(2  10 -3 )  25)
= 8 cos(  25) = 8 cos(155)
= -7.25 A

Prob. 11.21

(a) 4 sin(t – 30) = 4 cos(t – 30 – 90) = 4 cos(t – 120)

(b) -2 sin(6t) = 2 cos(6t + 90)

(c) -10 sin(t + 20) = 10 cos(t + 20 + 90) = 10 cos(t + 110)

Prob. 11.22

(a) 2cos t = 2sin( t+90o )

(b)10 cos(t  20o )  10sin(t  110o )
(c)  70 cos(t  30o )  70 cos(t  30o  180o )  70sin(t  30o  180o  90o )
 70sin(t  300o )

Prob. 11.23

(a) v = 8 cos(7t + 15) = 8 sin(7t + 15 + 90) = 8 sin(7t + 105)

(b) i = -10 sin(3t – 85) = 10 cos(3t – 85 + 90) = 10 cos(3t + 5)

Prob. 11.24

V  A sin 
8  A sin 30o  A  0.5  A  16
V  16sin120  13.856
o
Prob. 11.25

(a) Amplitude = 200

 521
(b) f    82.92 Hz
2 2
(c) T = 1/f = 1/82.92 = 12.06 ms
(d) Phase angle = 25o

Prob. 11.26

v 1 = 20 sin(t + 60) = 20 cos(t + 60  90) = 20 cos(t  30)

v 2 = 60 cos(t  10)
This indicates that the phase angle between the two signals is 20 and that v 1 lags v 2 .

Prob. 11.27

(a) v(t) = 10 cos(4t – 60)

i(t) = 4 sin(4t + 50) = 4 cos(4t + 50 – 90) = 4 cos(4t – 40)
Thus, i(t) leads v(t) by 20.

(b) v 1 (t) = 4 cos(377t + 10)

v 2 (t) = -20 cos(377t) = 20 cos(377t + 180)
Thus, v 2 (t) leads v 1 (t) by 170.

(c) x(t) = 13 cos(2t) + 5 sin(2t) = 13 cos(2t) + 5 cos(2t – 90)

X = 130 + 5-90 = 13 – j5 = 13.928-21.04
x(t) = 13.928 cos(2t – 21.04)
y(t) = 15 cos(2t – 11.8)
phase difference = -11.8 + 21.04 = 9.24
Thus, y(t) leads x(t) by 9.24.

Prob. 11.28

(a) i lags v by [ -30o –(-90o)]=60o

(b) i leads v by (60o-15o) = 45o
(c) I lags v by [45o – (-45o)] = 90o.

Prob. 11.29

If the peak-to-peak value is 10, the amplitude is 5.

5
v  5sin t , Vrms   3.535 V
2

Prob. 11.30
Area of triangle = (20 x 10-3) (2)/2 = 20 mA.s
Area of rectangle = (-20 mA)(2s) = - 40 mA.s
Total area = 20 – 40 = -20 mA.s
Period = T = 4s
Average = I ave = (-20 mA.s)/4s = -5 mA

Prob. 11.31
10
(a) Vrms   7.071 V
2
2mA
(b) I rms   1.414 mA
2

Prob. 11.32

Vm
Vrms   Vm  2Vrms  2(6)  8.485 V
2

Prob. 11.33

15, 0  t  2
v( t )  
 5, 2  t  6
1 
T 2 6
1
Vave   v(t )    15dt   5dt  
T 0 6 0 2 
1
 (30  20)  8.333V
6

2
Vrms  
1 2 2
6 0
 15 dt  2
6
5 2

dt 
550
6
Vrms  9.574 V

Prob. 11.34
 5, 0  t  1
T  2, v( t )  
- 5, 1  t  2

2
Vrms 
2 0

1 1 2
 5 dt  1
2
( -5) 2
dt 25
2
[1  1]  25
Vrms 5 V
Prob. 11.35

1 1 1
42 dt 
T 2 3
 0       
2 2 2
Vrms V (t ) dt ( 4) dt 0 dt
T 
3 0 1 2 
1 32
 [16  0  16] 
3 3

32
Vrms   3.266V
3

Prob. 11.36
5 0t 2
T  4, i (t )  
10 2  t  4

1  1
2 4
iave    5dt   10dt   (10  20)  7.5 A
4 0 2  4

1  2 2 1
5 dt   (10) 2 dt   [50  200 ]  62.5
4
 
2
I rms
4  0 2  4
I rms  7.906 A

Prob. 11.37
2
Vrms (120) 2
(a) R    9
P 1600
V 120
(b) I rms  rms   13.3 A
R 9
P 1600
Or I rms    13.3 A
Vrms 120

Prob. 11.38

(a) The average of a sinusoidal alternating current = 0.

(b) I rms = 3.2 A
(c) (I2 ) ave  ( I rms ) 2  (3.2) 2  10.24 A 2
(d) I m  2 I rms  2(3.2)  4.53 A
Prob. 11.39

An oscilloscope is calibrated for volts/division on the vertical scale and seconds/division

on the horizontal scale. Voltage is read directly from the vertical scale. To measure the
frequency, we first obtain the period from the horizontal scale. The period is calculated
as follows.

T = (division/cycle) x (time/division)
and f = 1/T

Prob. 11.40

T = 4 x 0.2 ms = 0.8 ms
1 1
f    1250Hz  1.25 kHz
T 0.8  103