Senior High School

Senior High School

Contemporary Philippine
Arts from the Regions
Quarter 2 - Module 2
Contemporary Art Techniques and
Performance in Mindanao
Contemporary Philippine Arts from the
Regions Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 - Module 2: Contemporary Art Techniques and Performance
in Mindanao
First Edition, 2020
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Senior High School

Contemporary Philippine
Arts from the Regions
Quarter 2 - Module 2
Contemporary Art Techniques and
Performance in Mindanao

FAIR USE AND CONTENT DISCLAIMER: This SLM (Self Learning Module) is for educational
purposes only. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in these modules are owned by their respective copyright holders.
The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Sincerest
appreciation to those who have made significant contributions to these modules.
Table of Contents

What This Module is About

What I Need to Know
How to Learn from this Module
Icons of this Module
What I Know: (Pre-Test)

Lesson 1: Contemporary Art Techniques and Performance in Mindanao

What I Need to Know .......................................................................................... 1

What’s New (Activity 1: Guessing Game)......................................................... 1

What Is It..............................................................................................................2-8

What’s More (Activity 2: Modified True or False) ............................................ 9

What’s More (Activity 3: Sketch) ........................................................................ 10

What I Have Learned (Activity 4: Processing Questions)................................10

What I Can Do (Activity 5: Design Me) ..............................................................11

Summary ................................................................................................................12

Assessment: (Post-Test)
Key to Answers
References
What This Module is About
Geographically, the Philippines belongs to the East, its arts and culture has been
heavily influenced by the West owing to 333 years of Spanish rule and 45 years of American
domination. Music, dances, and arts in the highland and lowland hamlets where indigenous
culture continues to thrive has strong Asian elements. Spanish and American influences are
highly evident in the arts of the urban areas.
A system to classify Philippines' music, dances and arts are geographic or ethno-
linguistic approach: for example, traditional Tagalog music, which is somewhat more Hispanic
in flavor, differs from Ifugao music and Islam influenced Maranao kulintang music. In
indigenous music, various kinds of instruments are made of bronze, bamboo, or wood. These
include gongs of various kinds of size and shapes, drums, flutes, zithers, lutes, clappers, and
buzzers.
Local genres in Mindanao include epics relating genealogies and exploits of heroes
and gods; work songs related to planting, harvesting, fishing; ritual songs to drive away evil
spirits or to invoke blessings from the good spirits; some are paintings to celebrate festive
occasions particularly marriage, birth, victory at war, or the settling of tribal disputes; mourning
rituals for the dead. It is this type of music and arts (painting) that is still practiced today by the
indigenous groups in Mindanao.

Good day students! let us now discover what local materials in Mindanao are potential
mediums and what are the possible art works, As you have explored in the previous modules,
artists have their own way of expressing art using different kinds of mediums/ materials and manner
by which materials are processed and transformed. In appreciating art paintings in Mindanao,
whether of its creativity and or of its efficient functions, we need our senses. Thus, on the process
of giving attention to it, we understand or make sense of a work of art.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, the student will be able to:

1. Conceptualize contemporary art based on techniques and performance practices in
their locality (Mindanao) (CAR11/12AP-0f-h-14);

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
Lesson
Contemporary Art Techniques and
1 Performance in Mindanao

What I Need to Know

Filipinos are proven to be one of the most creative and colorful people in the world.
The types of arts that are produced in different regions, each region has its unique specialties
of product to take pride. Philippines is very rich in natural resources especially in Mindanao.
We can maximize the use of natural resources even in creating arts. Art expresses the artistic
feelings towards any aspect of life.

In this lesson, you will learn about the contemporary art techniques and performance
in Mindanao by studying its history, characteristic features of the Mindanaoan Visual Arts and
Crafts, their attire, textiles and tapestries as well as famous artists and selected art crafts of
the period.

What’s New
ACTIVITY 1: GUESSING GAME

Guess which of the following art works is made by a Mindanaoan artist. Put a check
mark ( ) on the box if you think it is made by Mindanaoan artist and cross mark ( ) if not.

1. 2.
https://bit.ly/2TLOMRW https://bit.ly/2TLOMRW

3. 4.
https://bit.ly/35Vlsy7 https://bit.ly/2TLOMRW

1
What Is It
ARTS AND CRAFT OF MINDANAO

Mindanao, referred to as “THE

LAND OF PROMISE”, is the second
largest and southernmost island in the
Philippine Archipelago. Mindanao also
has the largest concentration of ethno-
linguistic groups and culturally diverse
island. These groups are mostly Muslims
from the Badjao, Iranun, Jama Mapun,
Kalagan, Kalibugan, Manobo,
Maguindanao, Sama Bangingi, Sama
Pangutaran, Samal, Sangil, Tausug, and
Yakan groups. Other groups are the
Lumads, or those who have maintained
their indigenous beliefs and traditions https://bit.ly/3mMr0lx
instead of converting to Islam or Christianity. Before Islam came to the Philippines, early
Filipinos worshipped believe that plants and inanimate objects are home to ancestral spirits.

They also believed that natural phenomena are caused by gods. These indigenous
beliefs system is called animism. The conversation of the natives and the arrival of Muslim
traders and merchants resulted in new forms of artistic impressions. This fusion of beliefs
created a unique blend of spirituality and creativity.
ATTIRE, TEXTILES, AND TAPESTRIES

The Bilaan or B’laan is an ethnolinguistic

group that inhabit some parts of South Cotabato,
North Cotabato, and Davao del Sur. B’laan is a
combination of two words, “bila” which means
“house” and “an” which means people. They are
known for embroidery, brass ornaments and
beadwork that are integrated in their traditional
clothing. The women wear heavy brass belts with
numerous tiny bells that hang around their
waistline. They also cut mother-of-pearl into small
shapes that look like sequins called takmun.

Ikat is a process of dyeing the fabric where https://bit.ly/3oPm4Oo

the yarns are tightly wrapped with the strings and dyed before weaving. The textiles usually
contain three colors: shades of black or browns, red or ochre (darker shade of orange), and
ecru (the color of undyed abaca).

2
The Bagobos are the group of people that live in Davao.
According to anthropologists, the name of this ethnolinguistic group
comes from the words “bago” means “new” and “obo” means
“growth”. This is because they are believed to have come from the
mixture of the native population with the Hindu migrants that
entered Mindanao during the Sri Vijayan and Majapahit Empires.

They make these clothes from a special textile

woven from abaca fibers called T’nalak. The men wear
t’nalak shorts, an undershirt, and a T’nalak coat. The Bagani or hero
wear blood-red clothes and a head-kerchief. The women wear
wrap-around t’nalak skirt and blouses are adorned with floral
pattern.
https://bit.ly/381c0ff
The T’boli who live in and around Lake Sebu,
South Cotabato are famous for their complicated beadwork,
wonderful woven fabrics, and beautiful brass ornaments.
Tboli weavers believe that their gods and ancestors visit them
in their dreams to teach them the designs and patterns that
they have to weave. The most famous T’boli dream weaver is
Lang Dulay who received the National Living Treasures –
Gawad Manlilihikha ng Bayan awarded by the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts or NCCA. Men are not
allowed to touch the materials used in the weaving process.
They believe that if they break the rules, the fiber will snap
and the designed will be ruined. T’nalak production is a
painstaking process that requires patience, a lot of creativity,
good memory, and a range of skills learned from a young age
https://bit.ly/381c0ff by the weavers.
Maranao means “People of the Lake” referring to the people who occupy the lands
surrounding Lake Lanao Maranao. The Maranaos are known for their Malong. The Malong is
a traditional Filipino tube skirt that is made of hand woven or machine made multi colored
cotton cloth. Women wear it as a skirt, a dress, or a gown. Depending on how its folded, it can
also be used as hammock, a basket, a sleeping bag, a bathrobe, or a baby carriage. The
Malong is important part of Maranao life. A new born is wrapped in it and, as he or she grows,
it becomes a part of his or her daily life as clothing and as material for everyday use. When a
person dies, he or she is once again wrapped in a malong. A traditional dance called Kapa
Malong Malong or Sambisa Malong, demonstrates the various ways of wearing a malong and
its uses. Yakan Basilan is the home to the Yakans. They are popular for their skills in weaving.
They weave very intricate designs in their textiles, which they use for their clothes and other
accessories.

3
Yakan hand-gloomed fabrics are known for their
use of bold colors and geometric patterns. The
Seputangan is a square cloth used by the Yakan women
as a head cover or as a belt. The Badjulapi is a tight
blouse with longsleeves. It is ornamented with gold,
silver or bronze buttons. The sawal is a tradional tight
fitting trousers made of yakan fabric characterized by its
vertical stripes. Yakan The Pinalantupan, a type of skirt,
is layered over the trousers.

CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS IN MINDANAO

AND THEIR MASTERPIECES

https://bit.ly/3kRoee1

Red Genotiva (b. 1993) was born in Davao City. As

a child, he would draw characters from Japanese anime
that he often saw on television, posters, and other media
platforms. Soon, this hobby turned into a serious interest in
the arts. Among artists who influenced his art practice and
unique stylistic approach, Genotiva cites Mark Ryden, Ron
English, Charlie Immer, Naoto Hattori, Hikari Shimoda, and
Yoko D’ holbachie.
Indeed, Genotiva’s body of works tend to be
characterized by art world observers as pop-surrealist. He
often signs his works with the name “Oni” as a nod to his https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI
formative years. In Japanese folklore as remediated in animated content and manga, “oni”
means demon, ogre, or troll, also collectively called “yokai”
or creatures of the underworld.
Often these are tragic beings rejected by the light yet
imbued with human-like qualities in a visual culture where the
line between good and evil is never clearly demarcated.
Genotiva is known for his stylized figures of children –
anthropomorphic yet rendered in exaggerated proportions
with multiple eyes, tentacles, and are often set in dream-like
landscapes that at times teem with melancholy despite the
solid luminous hues. The images are almost kawaii but not
quite, adorable yet uncanny and unsettling. Oni’s solo
exhibitions include “Playhouse” at the Morning Light Gallery
in Davao (2018) and “Together We are Friends” at the Jose
T. Joya Gallery in UP Cebu. https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI

He has participated in a number of group exhibitions in Cebu City (2015-2018), Art

Portal Gallery for Contemporary Art Davao (2018) and District Gallery in Quezon City (2018).
A recent solo exhibition was titled “Children” and curated at the Art Portal Gallery for
Contemporary Art (2019). Genotiva currently resides in Cebu City.

4
https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI

https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI

Norman “Nonoy” F. Narciso (b. 1975) is from Davao City. He took up literature at the
Holy Cross of Davao College. He did not go through formal training in the visual arts in any
academic institution. He was inspired by the dynamic arts scene of Davao. During his
formative years, he involved himself in creative productions in school and the church. He
learned how to play the guitar and participated in community theatre.

At Magallanes Elementary School in Davao, he participated in the Rondalla. He also

attended painting workshops at the San Roque Elementary School. One will observe that
many of his artworks blur the ontologies of musical instrument, sculpture, and installation.

Jester Gumanao Oani (b. 1995) is from Lunga-og

Sto. Tomas, Davao Del Norte. The 8th of nine siblings, his
father was a skilled carpenter and his mother, like some of
his female siblings, is a seamstress. Thus, he witnessed his
family working with fabric, metal, wood, and industrial
materials. This kind of relationship with the materials of
industry informs Jester’s praxis as an artist.

Of his path as an artist, he said: “Being an artist is a

struggle due to the inconsistencies and economical
hindrances in art production. However, I’d rather focus on
recreating ideas, tinkering with concepts, and engaging with
issues in my environment. The act of creating sculpture is https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI
sometimes comparable to play, as though I am creating
a toy that I will eventually let go of before I helm another piece. I strive as an artist because I
am aiming for a sustainable and meaningful life through my artworks and practice.”

Oani has already been featured in a number of remarkable exhibits since 2012. One
is the 45th Shell National Student Art Exhibition in Ayala Museum, Makati City where many
emerging artists begin their careers. Others include “Bata-Bata” in SM Lanang Premiere
organized under Kublai Millan. The years 2013 to 2015 were marked by several local art
events in Davao, mostly in malls, and other pragmatic spaces. The artist has also been
included in exhibits at the Museo Dabawenyo (2016) and one organized by the Finale Art File
Gallery in SM City Ecoland in Davao (2016). In 2019, his work was well received in Art Blast
2019 hosted by Artasia Gallery in SM Megamall (2019).

5
Dennis Puzon (b. 1995) was born in Davao City.
He first studied Fine Arts at the Ford Academy of the Arts
(2012-2014) before he transferred to the University of
Mindanao where he graduated in 2018.
Among his mentors at the Ford Academy include
Banjo Satorre, Glenn Baga, Magtanggol Cadayona, and
Jimmy Ang. Rogelito Cayas Jr., Dominador Pamisa, Alynnah
Macla Tadeo and Victor Dumaguing are his mentors at the
University of Mindanao.

https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI

Paula “Pau” Magpayo Feliciano (b.

1997) was born in and spent her formative years
in South Cotabato before moving to Matina,
Davao. She studied in the Fine Arts Program of
the University of Mindanao. Distinct are
Feliciano’s works, usually of small canvases that
usually feature pop surreal images.
Aside from local art events in Davao, some
of the platforms where Feliciano’s works were
previously featured include “Art Atelier II” at the
Museo Dabawenyo (2017), “Configure” in Art for
Space and Urban Chic Galleries San Pablo,
Laguna (2018), Art in the Park Manila (2018 and
2019), and “Art Blast: Young Bloods and Young https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI
Hearts” a group exhibition hosted by the Art Asia Gallery (2019), and a contemporary surrealist
exhibit titled “The Rise of Pop Surrealism: from Underground to Mainstream” in Arte Bettina
Gallery (2019).

Feliciano’s works were also part of

exhibits represented by Art Portal Gallery for
Contemporary Art Davao: “In Retrospect” (2018)
and “At the Precipice” (2019).

Recent exhibits also include “The Pursuit

of Normality,” a four-woman show at the Art for
Space Urban Chic Gallery (2019) and “The River
Flows North” presented by the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts and Art
Portal held at the NCCA Gallery in Intramuros
(2019).
https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI

6
Eloisa B. Sanson (b. 1996) is from General
Santos City. She studied at the Philippine Women’s
College of Davao (2015-2019) and pursued a career in
the arts under the mentorship of Rodney Yap, Dominic
Turno, Romeo Dumuk III, Wilfred Dexter Tañedo, Emi
Englis, and Mai Ongkiko.

All her exhibitions are group exhibitions. She

participated in iterations of the Shell National Art
Competition at the Ayala Museum, Makati City (2015and
2017), and exhibits organized by her school. She also
joined the Metrobank Arts and Design Excellence
competition (2017 and 2018).

https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI
Fondly called “El San,” her works were featured
at the Art Portal Gallery, Davao City and “At the Precipice” in a mall exhibit curated by the
same gallery. Other venues that featured her works include Morning Light (2018) in an exhibit
titled “Homage to the Salon Des Refuses” and public relations campaigns of malls.

Leonardo C. Comargo Jr. (b. 1982) is from

Calagundian, City of Mati, Davao Oriental. He is
currently studying Painting at the Bachelor of Fine Arts
Program of University of Mindanao.

Past exhibits in the local context include iterations of Art

Atelier at the Museo Dabawenyo (2015, 2017), “Obra
Ginagmay” in Felcris Centrale (2016), “Merging Current”
at the Matina Town Square (2017), and other exhibits in
malls and schools in Davao.

He also participated in Art in the Park in Makati

(2018), “In Retrospect” at Art Portal, Gallery for
https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI
Contemporary Art (2018), “What does it mean to be
Filipino?” under CANVAS Gallery held at the Vargas
Museum in Diliman Quezon City (2018), “Configure” at
the Art for Space and Urban Chic Gallery in San Pablo
City, Laguna (2018), “Engkwentro sa Labuyo” at Art For
Space and Urban Chic in Laguna (2019) and Art Blast
“Young Bloods and Young Hearts” hosted by Artasia
Gallery (2019).

https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI

7
Trexia Sola (b. 1999) is from Tagum City, Davao del
Norte. She is currently studying under the Fine Arts
program of the University of Mindanao under Rogelito
Cayas Jr., Alynnah Macla Tadeo and Victor Agustus
Dumaguing. Prior to this, she took art workshops. She
started painting in second year high school when she
entered a workshop called Sining Mata. Her works have
been featured in several local platforms such as Tabula
Rasa Gallery (2015) and Museo Dabawenyo (2015) and
exhibits organized by the University of Mindanao (2015,
2017). Her works were also included in exhibits curated
by Art Portal Gallery for Contemporary Art (2018), and Art
in the Park in Makati (2018). Recent exhibits that featured
https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI
her work include “At the Precipice:
Davao Art on the Brink of Change” at the Davao Art Market in Abreeza Mall, Davao (2019)
and “Pursuit of Normality” hosted by the Art Exhibition Art for Space and Urban Chic Galleries
in Alabang, Metro Manila (2019).

Angelo Florante Nur Valente (b. 1995)

studied in the University of Mindanao under Rogelito
“Jun” Cayas, Victor Agustus Dumaguing, and
Alynnah Macla-Tadeo.
His works were featured in multiple exhibits in
Davao City, such as Art Atelier Exhibition (2016),
Merging Currents (2017), Sensitive Encounters:
Mindanao (2017), and Ugnayan Art Exhibit (2017). Ang,
as an artist, aims to tell the stories from the society
where he grew up, to share the cultures he witnessed,
and to illustrate the epics and mythologies from all the
ethnic groups in the country.

https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI

Laya Boquiren is a Doctor of Philosophy in Philippine Studies with main areas in

Philippine Art and Culture. She co-curated the international travelling exhibit Field Trip Project
Asia at the Vargas Museum (2015) and initiated related off-site curated endeavors in Baguio
City, Tanauan, Leyte, and 98B Escolta.

In the past, she served as curatorial consultant for

Gallery Genesis and Museo De Intramuros. Boquiren has
contributed in academic journals, published books and
contributed chapters of books under Vibal (2015-17), has
authored a book on Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice awardee Willy
Tadeo Layug (2017), for whom she curated the artist’s second
solo exhibition at the NCCA Gallery and authored a
corresponding monograph published by the institution (2017-
18).

Her most recent publications include Now Here: Access,

Activate, Rewind (2018) for Erehwon Center for the Arts and the https://bit.ly/3oMQJvI

8
newly launched book on grandmaster of Philippine aquarelle Toti Cerda (2019). She obtained
master of arts in Art History from the University of the Philippines, Diliman (2009), and has
completed short programs at the Institute of Media and Entertainment in New York (2009) and
Keio University in Japan (2010).

Boquiren currently teaches at the Arts Department of the University of Asia and the
Pacific. Her recent curatorial project includes The River Flows North featuring Davao-based
artists at the NCCA Gallery. Her cultural work has always been multi-local, her paternal
relatives being from Cagayan de Oro.

What’s More

ACTIVITY 2: MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE

Read each sentence and identify it is true or false. Write TRUE on the line before each
number if the sentence is true. If the statement is false, write FALSE and underline the word/s
that makes it incorrect.

____________ 1. B’laan is a combination of two words, “B” which means “house” and
“laan” which means people.
____________ 2. Bagobos make these clothes from a special textile woven from abaca
fibers called T’nalak.
____________ 3. The Malong is a traditional Filipino tube skirt that is made of hand woven or
machine made multi colored cotton cloth.
____________ 4. The Yakan is a square cloth used by the Seputangan women as a head
cover or as a belt.
____________ 5. Genotiva is known for his stylized figures of children – anthropomorphic yet
rendered in exaggerated proportions with multiple eyes, tentacles, and are
often set in dream-like landscapes that at times teem with melancholy
despite the solid luminous hues.
____________ 6. Some of the works of Paula “Pau” Magpayo Feliciano are titled “Engkwentro
sa Labuyo” and “Young Bloods and Young Hearts”
____________ 7. Norman “Nonoy” F. Narciso did not go through formal training in the visual
arts in any academic institution.
____________ 8. Mindanaoan believed in animism.
____________ 9. Jester Gumanao Oani he witnessed his family working with fabric, metal,
wood, and industrial materials.
____________ 10. Ikat is a process of dyeing the fabric where the yarns are tightly wrapped
with the strings and dyed before weaving.

9
ACTIVITY 3: SKETCH
For this activity, prepare a separate short (8.5”x11”) size bond paper and a pencil. Sketch
a concept design for a contemporary art that represents the beauty of Mindanao. You don’t need
to make it beautiful. A rough sketch is enough. You can refer to the example below.

Rubric:
Creativity 40 points
Lay-out design 30 points
Organization 30 points
Total 100 points

(Example of concept design sketch. Do not copy. Use only as reference.)

What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY 4: PROCESSING QUESTIONS

Answer the following questions.
1. Where did the Artists in Mindanao based their concept in producing arts? Give
one example only and explain.

2. What is the unique identity on each of the artist in Mindanao?

3. Based on what you learned, what do you think are the basic characteristics of
Contemporary Arts in Mindanao?

10
What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 5: DESIGN ME!

The Sarimanok is a legendary bird of the Maranao people who originate from
Mindanao, a major island in the Philippines. It comes from the words “Sari” means cloth or
garment, which is generally of assorted colors. Manòk, which makes up part of its name, is a
Philippine word for chicken.
Color the feather of the Sarimanok drawing below. You can use ballpen, crayons or
any coloring material. You can doodle or simply color on each feather. Be creative and have
fun!
Rubric:
Creativity 30 points
Craftsmanship 30 points
Effort 20 points
Technique 20 points
Total 100 points

11
Summary
Filipinos are proven to be one of the most creative and colorful people in the world. The
types of arts that are produced in different regions, each region has its unique specialties of product
to take pride. Philippines is very rich in natural resources especially in Mindanao.

 Mindanao, referred to as “THE LAND OF PROMISE”, is the second largest and

southernmost island in the Philippine Archipelago.
 The Bilaan or B’laan is an ethnolinguistic group that are known for embroidery, brass
ornaments and beadwork that are integrated in their traditional clothing.
 The Bagobos are the group of people that live make these clothes from a special
textile woven from abaca fibers called T’nalak.
 The T’boli are famous for their complicated beadwork, wonderful woven fabrics, and
beautiful brass ornaments. Tboli weavers believe that their gods and ancestors visit them
in their dreams to teach them the designs and patterns that they have to weave.
 The Maranaos are known for their Malong. The Malong is a traditional Filipino tube
skirt that is made of hand woven or machine made multicolored cotton cloth.
 Yakan hand-gloomed fabrics are known for their use of bold colors and geometric
patterns. The Seputangan is a square cloth used by the Yakan women as a head cover
or as a belt.
 Some contemporary artists in Mindanao are Red Genotiva, Norman “Nonoy” F. Narciso,
Jester Gumanao Oani, Dennis Puzon, Paula “Pau” Magpayo Feliciano, Eloisa
B. Sanson, Leonardo C. Comargo Jr., Trexia Sola, Angelo Florante Nur Valente and
Laya Boquiren.
 Few contemporary art techniques presented by Mindanaoan artists are stylized figures
of children – anthropomorphic yet rendered in exaggerated proportions with multiple
eyes, tentacles, and are often set in dream-like landscapes that at times teem with
melancholy despite the solid luminous hues, artworks blur the ontologies of musical
instrument, sculpture, and installation and small canvases that usually feature pop
surreal images.

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