STAT 20: Statistical Biology
Second Semester, AY 2024 – 2025
Laboratory Report 1 - Basic Concepts
Name: Score:
Course and Section: BS BIO 1C Student No.: Date: 02/13/2025
Instructor: Mx. JHANEL JOSHUA G. ORPIA Signature:
OBJECTIVE:
• Compute for the different measures and use the results in decision making using MS Excel or
Jamovi.
DIRECTIONS:
Based from the data gathered on Expected Grade in Stat 20, Study Environment, Study Hours, Sleep Hours
per Night, Number of Extracurricular Activities, Screen Time (in hours), Current Level of Stress,
Motivation Levels, Self-Efficacy, Expectations for Future Course Content and Structure, and Expectations
for Instructor Support and Guidance, use Jamovi or Excel to do the following activities. Use the data from
this link:
[Link]
rsRs/edit?usp=sharing.
A. Descriptive Statistics
• What are the central tendency measures (mean, median, and mode) for the variables (3 points)?
Based on the statistical analysis, the average expected grade in Stat 20 is 1.63, with a
median of 1.5. Most students (mode) expect a grade of 1.5. Students study an average of 3.24
hours, with a median of 3 hours, which is also the most frequent amount of study time. On
average, students sleep 5.93 hours per night, with a median of 6 hours, although 5 hours is the
most common sleep duration. The average number of extracurricular activities is 0.932, with a
median of 1, but most students participate in none. Students spend an average of 4.82 hours on
screens, with a median of 4 hours; however, 2 hours is the most frequently reported screen time.
The average stress level is 3.33, with a median and mode of 3. Motivation to succeed averages
3.64, with a median and mode of 4. Confidence in their ability to succeed averages 3.55, with a
median and mode of 3. Expectations for future content and structure average 3.72, with a median
and mode of 4. Finally, students expect the instructor to provide support and guidance at a level
of 4.35 on average, with a median of 4 and a mode of 5.
• What are the dispersion measures (range, variance, standard deviation, and interquartile range) for
the variables (4 points)?
The data reveals the dispersion of several variables related to student experiences.
Expected grades in Stat 20 have a narrow range of 1.25, a variance of 0.0857, a standard
deviation of 0.293, and an IQR of 0.25, indicating relatively consistent expectations. Study
hours vary more, with a range of 6, a variance of 1.99, a standard deviation of 1.41, and an IQR
of 2. Sleep duration has a range of 6.00, a variance of 1.68, a standard deviation of 1.30, and an
IQR of 2.00. The number of extracurricular activities has a range of 5,00, a variance of 1.18, a
standard deviation of 1.09, and an IQR of 1.25. Screen time exhibits considerable variability,
with a range of 11.00, a variance of 9.81, a standard deviation of 3.13, and an IQR of 5. Stress
levels have a range of 3.00, a variance of 0.431, a standard deviation of 0.657, and an IQR of
1.00. Motivation to succeed has a range of 3.00, a variance of 0.999, a standard deviation of
1.00, and an IQR of 1.00. Confidence levels have a range of 4.00, a variance of 0.928, a standard
deviation of 0.963, and an IQR of 1.00. Expectations for content and structure have a range of
4.00, a variance of 0.732, a standard deviation of 0.856, and an IQR of 1.00. Expectations for
instructor support have a range of 2.00, a variance of 0.495, a standard deviation of 0.703, and
an IQR of 1.00. These dispersion measures provide insights into the spread and variability of
each variable, indicating how much individual responses deviate from the average.
B. Frequency Distribution:
• Create frequency distribution tables for the categorical variables (3 points).
Expected Grade in Stat Counts % of Total Cumulative %
20
1.00 1 1.4% 1.4%
1.25 6 8.7% 10.1%
1.50 34 49.3% 59.4%
1.75 21 30.4% 89.9%
2.00 6 8.7% 98.6%
2.25 1 1.4% 100.0%
Study Environment Counts % of Total Cumulative %
Coffee Shop 2 2.9% 2.9%
Home or Dorm 66 95.7% 98.6%
Study Group 1 1.4% 100.0%
Study Hours Counts % of Total Cumulative %
1 3 4.6% 4.6%
2 13 20.0% 24.6%
3 16 24.6% 49.2%
4 13 20.0% 69.2%
5 11 16.9% 86.2%
6 7 10.8% 96.9%
7 2 3.1% 100.0%
Sleep per night Counts % of Total Cumulative %
3 1 1.5% 1.5%
4 8 11.8% 13.2%
5 19 27.9% 41.2%
6 16 23.5% 64.7%
7 16 23.5% 88.2%
8 7 10.3% 98.5%
9 1 1.5% 100.0%
Number of Extracurricular Activities Counts % of Total Cumulative %
0 19 43.2% 43.2%
1 14 31.8% 75.0%
2 8 18.2% 93.2%
3 2 4.5% 97.7%
5 1 2.3% 100.0%
How would you rate your current level of Counts % of Total Cumulative %
stress?
2 4 5.8% 5.8%
3 41 59.4% 65.2%
4 21 30.4% 95.7%
5 3 4.3% 100.0%
How motivated do you feel to succeed in your Counts % of Total Cumulative %
studies?
2 10 14.5% 14.5%
3 21 30.4% 44.9%
4 22 31.9% 76.8%
5 16 23.2% 100.0%
How confident are you in your ability to Counts % of Total Cumulative %
succeed in your studies?
1 3 4.3% 4.3%
2 2 2.9% 7.2%
3 30 43.5% 50.7%
4 22 31.9% 82.6%
5 12 17.4% 100.0%
What are your expectations for the future Counts % of Total Cumulative %
content and structure?
1 1 1.4% 1.4%
2 2 2.9% 4.3%
3 25 36.2% 40.6%
4 28 40.6% 81.2%
5 13 18.8% 100.0%
How do you expect the instructor to support Counts % of Total Cumulative %
and guide you through?
3 9 13.0% 13.0%
4 27 39.1% 52.2%
5 33 47.8% 100.0%
• Develop frequency distribution tables for quantitative variables by grouping the data into intervals
(e.g., Study Hours, Sleep Hours per Night) (3 points).
Expected Grade in Stat 20
Interval Counts % of Total Cumulative %
1.00 - 1.24 1 1.4% 1.4%
1.25 - 1.49 6 8.7% 10.1%
1.50 - 1.74 34 49.3% 59.4%
1.75 - 1.99 21 30.4% 89.9%
2.00 - 2.24 6 8.7% 98.6%
2.25 - 2.49 1 1.4% 100.0%
Study Hours
Interval Counts % of Total Cumulative %
1-2 16 24.6% 24.6%
3-4 29 44.6% 69.2%
5-6 18 27.7% 96.9%
7-8 2 3.1% 100.0%
Sleep per night
Interval Counts % of Total Cumulative %
3-4 9 13.2% 13.2%
5-6 35 51.5% 64.7%
7-8 23 33.8% 98.5%
9 - 10 1 1.5% 100.0%
Number of extracurricular activities
Interval Counts % of Total Cumulative %
0-1 33 75.0% 75.0%
2-3 10 22.7% 97.7%
4-5 1 2.3% 100.0%
The amount of time each student spends on screens
Interval Counts % of Total Cumulative %
1-3 23 33.8% 33.8%
4-6 24 35.3% 69.1%
7-9 10 14.7% 83.8%
10 - 12 11 16.2% 100.0%
How would you rate your current level of stress?
Interval Counts % of Total Cumulative %
2-3 45 65.2% 65.2%
4-5 24 34.8% 100.0%
How motivated do you feel to succeed in your studies?
Interval Counts % of Total Cumulative %
2-3 31 44.9% 44.9%
4-5 38 55.1% 100.0%
How confident are you in your ability to succeed in your studies?
Interval Counts % of Total Cumulative %
1-2 5 7.2% 7.2%
3-4 52 75.4% 82.6%
5-6 12 17.4% 100.0%
What are your expectations for the future content and structure?
Interval Counts % of Total Cumulative %
1-2 3 4.3% 4.3%
3-4 53 76.8% 81.2%
5-6 13 18.8% 100.0%
How do you expect the instructor to support and guide you through?
Interval Counts % of Total Cumulative %
3-4 36 52.2% 52.2%
5-6 33 47.8% 100.0%
C. Graphical Representation:
• Create histograms, box plot or bar plot to represent the frequency distributions of the variables,
and ensure they are clearly labeled and easy to interpret (3 points).
D. Measures of Relative Position:
• Calculate 69th percentile, all quartiles, and all deciles for the variables (3 points).
From the statistical analysis, here are the percentiles, quartiles, and deciles for the variables,
based on the descriptive statistics provided:
Expected Grade in Stat 20: The 10th, 20th, 25th, 30th, 40th and 50th percentiles are at 1.25,
1.50, 1.50, 1.50, 1.50, 1.50 respectively. The 60th, 69th, 70th, 75th, 80th, and 90th percentiles are
at 1.75, 1.75, 1.75, 1.75, 2.00, and 2.00. The median (50th percentile, or Q2) is 1.50. The first
quartile (Q1, or 25th percentile) is 1.50, and the third quartile (Q3, or 75th percentile) is 1.75.
Study Hours: The 10th, 20th, 25th, 30th, 40th and 50th percentiles are at 2.00, 2.00, 2.00, 2.00,
3.00, 3.00 respectively. The 60th, 69th, 70th, 75th, 80th, and 90th percentiles are at 3.00, 4.00,
4.00, 4.00, 5.00, and 5.00. Q2 is 3.00. Q1 is 2.00, and Q3 is 4.00.
Sleep per night: The 10th, 20th, 25th, 30th, 40th and 50th percentiles are at 4.00, 5.00, 5.00,
5.00, 5.00, 6.00 respectively. The 60th, 69th, 70th, 75th, 80th, and 90th percentiles are at 6.00,
7.00, 7.00, 7.00, 7.00, and 8.00. Q2 is 6.00. Q1 is 5.00, and Q3 is 7.00.
Number of extracurricular activities: The 10th, 20th, 25th, 30th, 40th and 50th percentiles are
at 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 1.00 respectively. The 60th, 69th, 70th, 75th, 80th, and 90th
percentiles are at 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.25, 2.00, and 2.00. Q2 is 1.00. Q1 is 0.00, and Q3 is 1.25.
Amount of time each student spends on screens: The 10th, 20th, 25th, 30th, 40th and 50th
percentiles are at 2.00, 2.00, 2.00, 3.00, 3.00, 4.00 respectively. 60th, 69th, 70th, 75th, 80th, and
90th percentiles are at 5.00, 5.00, 5.00, 7.00, 8.00, and 10.00. Q2 is 4.00. Q1 is 2.00, and Q3 is
7.00.
How would you rate your current level of stress?: The 10th, 20th, 25th, 30th, 40th and 50th
percentiles are at 3.00, 3.00, 3.00, 3.00, 3.00, 3.00 respectively. The 60th, 69th, 70th, 75th, 80th,
and 90th percentiles are at 3.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, and 4.00. Q2 is 3.00. Q1 is 3.00, and Q3
is 4.00.
How motivated do you feel to succeed in your studies?: The 10th, 20th, 25th, 30th, 40th and
50th percentiles are at 2.00, 3.00, 3.00, 3.00, 3.00, 4.00 respectively. The 60th, 69th, 70th, 75th,
80th, and 90th percentiles are at 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 5.00, and 5.00. Q2 is 4.00. Q1 is 3.00, and
Q3 is 4.00.
How confident are you in your ability to succeed in your studies?: The 10th, 20th, 25th, 30th,
40th and 50th percentiles are at 3.00, 3.00, 3.00, 3.00, 3.00, 3.00 respectively. The 60th, 69th,
70th, 75th, 80th, and 90th percentiles are at 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, and 5.00. Q2 is 3.00. Q1
is 3.00, and Q3 is 4.00.
What are your expectations for the future content and structure?: The 10th, 20th, 25th, 30th,
40th and 50th percentiles are at 3.00, 3.00, 3.00, 3.00, 3.20, 4.00 respectively. The 60th, 69th,
70th, 75th, 80th, and 90th percentiles are at 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, and 5.00. Q2 is 4.00. Q1
is 3.00, and Q3 is 4.00.
How do you expect the instructor to support and guide you through?: The 10th, 20th, 25th,
30th, 40th and 50th percentiles are at 3.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00 respectively. The 60th,
69th, 70th, 75th, 80th, and 90th percentiles are at 5.00, 5.00, 5.00, 5.00, 5.00, and 5.00. Q2 is
4.00. Q1 is 4.00, and Q3 is 5.00.
E. Analysis and Interpretation:
• Analyze the descriptive statistics and graphical representations to identify patterns and trends in
the data (3 points). Interpret the measures of relative position to understand the standing of
individual data points within the dataset (3 points). Discuss any significant findings and their
implications for decision-making (5 points).
The mean expected grade is 1.63, with a median of 1.50. This suggests that, on average,
students expect a grade between a B and a B+. Also, the standard deviation is relatively low
(0.293), indicating that most students have similar expectations regarding their grade. The vast
majority of students (95.7%) prefer to study at home or in their dorms. Only a small fraction study
in coffee shops (2.9%) or study groups (1.4%). This suggests that students may favor a quiet,
private environment for studying. On the other hand, the average study time is approximately
5.93 hours, with a median of 6 hours. The spread of the data (standard deviation of 1.30) indicates
some variability in study habits among students. Students average around 5.93 hours of sleep per
night. The distribution is fairly spread out, with responses ranging from 3 to 9 hours. A substantial
number of students get 5, 6, or 7 hours of sleep. A large percentage (43.2%) of students are not
involved in any extracurricular activities, which means that the mean number of extracurricular
activities is less than one (0.932). On average, students spend 4.82 hours on screens daily. There
is a high standard deviation (3.13), suggesting a wide range of screen time habits. The average
stress level is 3.33 on a scale that presumably goes up to 5. A significant number of students rated
their stress level as a 3 (59.4%). The mean motivation level is 3.64. The distribution seems
balanced, with a good number of students rating their motivation as 3, 4, or 5. The average
confidence level is 3.55. Most students seem to be moderately confident (rated as 3 or 4). The
mean expectation is 3.72. A large percentage of students rated their expectations as 3 or 4. The
mean expectation for instructor support is 4.35. Most students expect a high level of support and
guidance from the instructor (rated as 4 or 5).
As for the relative positions, the 25th percentile is 1.50, and the 75th percentile is 1.75,
meaning 50% of students expect a grade between a B and B+. 25% of students study 5 hours or
less, while 25% study 7 hours or more. Also, 25% of students spend 2 hours or less on screens,
while 25% spend 7 hours or more. 75% of students rated their stress level as 4 or lower. 75% of
students rated their motivation as 4 or higher. Lastly, 75% of students rated their confidence as 4
or higher.
Creating a supportive home environment is crucial for student success, as evidenced by
the preference for studying at home. Factors such as resources, parental engagement, and a
distraction-free study space can significantly impact a student's motivation, learning ability, and
academic performance. Research indicates that a positive home environment, characterized by
ample learning materials and family support, is linked to better student outcomes. However,
challenges such as high screen time, moderate stress levels, and insufficient sleep can hinder focus
and productivity. Encouraging healthy sleep habits, teaching mindful technology use, and
providing stress management resources are potential interventions to address these issues.
Maintaining positive motivation and confidence through instructor support and feedback is also
essential for fostering academic success.
These findings suggest a need for strategic resource allocation towards stress and time
management, as well as promoting healthy sleep. Curriculum design should incorporate
techniques for managing screen time and improving focus. Instructional strategies should
prioritize clear guidance and robust support to align with student expectations. Given the
prevalence of home study, providing resources for creating effective home environments is
advisable. Finally, targeted interventions should be developed to support students struggling with
stress, sleep, or motivation, ensuring that all students have the resources they need to succeed.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: As a student of Mariano Marcos State University, I pledge to act with
integrity, excellence, and social responsibility, upholding the values of honesty, respect, and
professionalism. I understand that suspected misconduct on given assignments will be reported to the
appropriate office and if established, will result in disciplinary action in accordance with University rules,
policies, and procedures. I may work with others only to the extent allowed by the Instructor.
Signature:
