f-22 Raptor

INTRODUCTION The Lockheed Martin/Boeing F-22 Raptor is a single-seat, twin-engine fifthgeneration supermaneuverable fighter aircraft that uses stealth

technology. MAJOR SAILENT FEATURES OF F-22 RAPTOR First look/first shot/first kill in all environments, Reduced observability, Supersonic persistence ,Increased maneuverability Improved reliability and maintainability, Increased lethality and survivability ,Air-to-surface capability, internal Weapon bay, has thrust to weight ratio of 1.26 when loaded and has 50% of fuel, maximum speed of mach 2.25 i.e 2,410 km/h,maximum height ceiling of 65,000ft , very high maneuverability ,can pull up to +9.0g and -3.0g MANUFACTURES Lockheed Martin Aeronautics is the prime contractor and is responsible for the majority of the airframe, weapon systems and final assembly of the F-22. Program partner Boeing Defense, Space & Security provides the wings, aft fuselage, avionics integration, and training system, Pratt and Whitney designed its engine.

ADVANTAGES

It is Stealth, multirole aircraft, first fifth generation aircraft of its type, inexpensive to maintain as compared to F-117 the old stealth plane, all weather plane, has little bit of artificial intelligence. DISADVANTAGES It is Very expensive, only in use by USAF, it need special care and man power to be maintained, out of production. Manufacturing processes used titanium casting The F-22 program also heralds the first application of titanium castings in the aircraft primary structure. Using an advanced process that involves subjecting castings to intense heat and pressure in an autoclave, the F-22 team was able to cast multiple complex shapes as a single high-strength titanium structure. The process avoids weight by eliminating mechanical joints and reduces material costs and machining time. resin-transfer molding (RTM) The wings are the first to contain spars produced by resin-transfer molding (RTM), an advanced process for manufacturing complex composite parts that reduces cost and improves quality and consistency. Also, the spars use a corrugated "sine-wave" design that makes them stronger and lighter than the traditional "I-beam" design.
laser-guided drilling The wings, along with the first F-22 rear fuselage, herald industry's first use of an automated, laser-guided drilling machine. Developed by Boeing, the system uses lasers with a targeting feature and automated data feedback software to guide the drill exactly to the correct location before drilling. It does so by measuring the relative position of the drill to the structure and automatically making positional adjustments. Holes are drilled to within .007-inch tolerance of engineering specifications and their location, size and depth are controlled by engineering data fed into a computer Computerized milling
A milling machine is a machine tool used to machine solid materials. Milling machines are often classed in two basic forms, horizontal and vertical, which refers to the orientation of the main spindle. Both types range in size from small, bench-mounted devices to room-sized machines. Unlike a drill press, which holds the workpiece stationary as the drill moves axially to penetrate the material, milling machines also move the workpiece radially against the rotating milling cutter, which cuts on its sides as well as its tip. Workpiece and cutter movement are precisely controlled to less than 0.001 in (0.025 mm), usually by means of precision ground slides and lead screws or analogous technology. Milling machines may be manually operated, mechanically automated, or digitally automated via computer numerical control (CNC).
Hot isostatic pressing Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a process in which metallic castings are subjected to very high temperatures in a static pressure environment of >70 MPa (10 ksi). On the F-22, structural titanium castings are HIP'ed to collapse internal shrinkage cavities and diffusion-bond the walls of the cavities. Six large structures on the F-22 are HIP'ed: the rudder actuator housing (one for each rudder); the canopy deck; the wing side-of-body forward and aft fittings (four total, two for each wing); the aileron strongback (one for each aileron, two total); and the inlet canted frame (one each for the left and right inlets). The canted frame was originally a four-piece assembly. By switching to a casting, mechanical joints were eliminated and machining was minimized. Electron beam welding Electron beam (EB) welding is helping Boeing and Aerojet, its supplier, build lighterweight titanium assemblies for the aft fuselage. Parts are EB Welded in a vacuum chamber to prevent exposure to oxygen, which can create a deleterious brittle surface. Compared with other methods, electron beam welding enables much more reliable joints when welding titanium parts more than an inch thick. The process also reduces the need for fasteners in some fuselage components by up to 75%, which decreases weight, simplifies the assembly process, and avoids the costs associated with fasteners. The reduction in the number of fasteners also means fewer openings for possible fuel leaks.

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What manufacturing processes are used in building the F-22?

What is hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and what parts does it apply to in the F-22?

INTRODUCTION The Lockheed Martin/Boeing F-22 Raptor is a single-seat, twin-engine fifthgeneration supermaneuverable fighter aircraft that uses stealth

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