2024-25

CLASS 10
E D U V E R S E
ENGLISH ENDGAME
All chapters summary India’s First Visualised
Summaries

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E D U V E R S E
A LETTER TO GOD SUMMARY
A Letter to God" is a story by G.L. Fuentes that shows the strong faith of a
poor and simple-minded farmer named Lencho in God. Lencho was poor but
worked hard on his farm, hoping for a good harvest. Unfortunately, a
hailstorm came and destroyed all his crops, leaving him very upset. Despite
this, Lencho was sure that God would help him. He was a learned man and
could read and write, so he decided to write a letter to God. In the letter, he
asked God to send him one hundred pesos so he could plant his crops again
and save his family from starving. He then placed a stamp on the letter and
put it in the mailbox.

E D U V E R S E
When the postman saw the letter, he laughed loudly and immediately went
to show it to the postmaster. The postmaster read the letter and laughed too,
especially when he saw that it was addressed to God. However, he was
moved by Lencho’s strong faith and decided to help. The postmaster asked
the employees at the post office to contribute some money, and he also gave
part of his own salary. However, the total amount collected was less than
what Lencho had asked for. The postmaster placed all the money into an
envelope and addressed it to Lencho.

The following Sunday, Lencho went to the post office to check if he had
received a letter. The postmaster gave him the envelope. Lencho opened it
with confidence, expecting to find the one hundred pesos he had requested.
But when he counted the money, he found only seventy pesos. He was very
upset and certain that God could not have made such a mistake. He went to
the window to ask for paper and ink and wrote another letter to God. He
dropped this letter in the mailbox as well.

The postmaster opened Lencho’s second letter as soon as he left. In the letter,
Lencho complained that he had asked for one hundred pesos but only
received seventy. He was angry and thought that the post office employees
must have stolen the remaining thirty pesos. Lencho asked God to send the
rest of the money but requested that it not be sent through the mail, as he
believed the post office workers were "a bunch of crooks" who might have
stolen it again.
VIZUALISED SUMMARY

E D U V E R S E
R TO GOD
LETTE
100 PESOS
FOR

ESOS
P
70

POST OFFICE EMPLOYEES ARE

BUNCH OF CROOKS THEY STOLE
30 PESOS
MELSON MANDELA SUMMARY
Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom is an excerpt from the autobiography
of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, which tells the story of the struggle for freedom
for black people in South Africa. On May 10, 1994, Nelson Mandela was sworn
in as South Africa’s first Black President after over three centuries of White rule.
His party had won 252 out of 400 seats in South Africa's first democratic
elections.

The inauguration ceremony took place at the Union Buildings amphitheatre in

Pretoria, with dignitaries and political figures from around the world in
attendance. In his speech, Mandela addressed the crowd with respect and

E D U V E R S E
promised that South Africa would never again experience oppression, with one
group dominating another. He vowed that his government would ensure
equality for all South Africans, regardless of caste, colour, creed, or race. His
words symbolized the birth of democracy in South Africa.

Mandela's inauguration day was significant for him, as South Africans sang
two national anthems. Whites sang "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika," while blacks sang
"Die Stem," the old anthem of the Republic. These events reminded Mandela of
the exploitation that black people had suffered at the hands of whites. He
reflected on the pain of his people, stating that the racial domination and
oppression of blacks by whites created one of the harshest and most inhumane
societies the world had ever seen. He believed that no person is born to hate
others based on their skin colour, background, or religion, and that hate is
learned. If hate can be learned, so too can love, which comes more naturally to
humans. He also spoke about how courage is not the absence of fear, but the
ability to conquer fear.

Mandela also shared his belief that every person has two main obligations: one
towards their family, including parents, spouse, and children, and the other
towards their country, community, and fellow countrymen. While people can
fulfill these obligations based on their personal interests, it was challenging for
black people in South Africa before democracy. Mandela realized as an adult
that freedom was only an illusion for blacks in South Africa. They were treated
as slaves, exploited and oppressed by whites.
Mandela firmly believed that freedom is indivisible; both the oppressed and
the oppressor must be liberated. He argued that a person who denies freedom
to others is also a prisoner of oppression, and that even the oppressor is
shackled by the chains of injustice.

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E D U V E R S E
VIZUALISED SUMMARY
NOTE: IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO EXPLAIN THIS CHAPTER
VISUALLY SO ONLY BRIEF STORY IS VISUALISED

BRITISHERS

E D U V E R S E
SOUTH AFRICA

TO BLACKS
TICE
INJUS

NELSON MANDELA

FIGHT FOR FREEDOM

END OF RACISM
HIS FIRST FLIGHT SUMMARY
The story “His First Flight” is written by Liam O’Flaherty and is based on a
young seagull who was afraid to take his first flight because he feared that
his wings wouldn’t support him while flying. All his siblings took the plunge to
fly fearlessly in the open air despite having smaller wings than him. However,
the young bird could not muster up the courage to take the plunge as he did
not trust in his wings. Whenever he tried to come forward towards the brink of
the ledge while attempting to fly, he became afraid and went back. His
parents constantly upbraided and threatened him that unless he flew away,
he would have to starve alone on the ledge, but all their efforts went in vain.
He would just watch his parents teaching his siblings how to skim the waves

E D U V E R S E
and dive for fish.

One fine day, the whole family flew to a big plateau and taunted the young
seagull for his cowardice. As the sun rays blazed on his ledge, he could feel
the heat and had been starving since the previous nightfall. The young bird
begged his mother to bring him some food. He uttered a joyful scream when
his mother quickly picked a piece of fish and flew across to him. He leaned
out eagerly and jumped at the fish, exasperated by hunger. Suddenly he fell
outward in the open space, and a monstrous terror seized him as he could
feel that he was falling downward. The next moment, he felt his wings spread
outwards, and he was able to fly fearlessly. Finally, the young seagull took his
first flight and soared higher and skimmed through the waves and dived
along with his siblings.
VIZUALISED SUMMARY

FEAR OF FLYING

SIBLINGS STARTED
TO FLY
ST
AR

TOO
K FLIG
VI

HT TO
NG

CATC
H FIS
H
THE BLACK AEROPLANE
“Black Aeroplane” is a mysterious story written by Fredrik Forsyth that
revolves around a pilot. The narrator of the story is a pilot who wants to be
with his family and enjoy a wholesome breakfast with them in England. He
had to fly from France to England to spend time with his family. Once he
crossed Paris, he came across storm clouds that looked like black mountains.
However, he flew through the clouds and soon realized that everything
around him had turned completely black. Nothing was visible to him outside
the aeroplane as he lost control of it.

Suddenly, he noticed that there was another aeroplane with no lights on its

E D U V E R S E
wings. The pilot of that aeroplane waved his hands and signalled him to
follow. He blindly followed the other pilot since the radio signals of his plane
were not reachable, and even the fuel tank was low. Soon he passed through
the dark clouds and landed safely on the runway with the help of the other
pilot. Upon landing, he inquired at the reception about who was the other
pilot who helped him in such a critical situation as he wanted to thank him for
saving his life. But the woman in the control centre told him that there was no
other aeroplane in the night sky other than his aeroplane.

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VIZUALISED SUMMARY
E
AEROPLAN
STORM

E D U V E R S E
S
YMOU
ANON
PLANE
BLACK R
PPEA RED FO
A
HELP

ANDED
PLAN L
SAFELY

BLACK PLAN’S PILOT

AND PLAN BOTH
DISAPPEARED

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FROM DIARY OF ANNE FRANK
From the Diary of Anne Frank is an autobiography of a young Jewish girl who
wrote her thoughts in a diary. At first, she felt it was an unusual experience for
her to pen down all her thoughts. She believed that no one in the near future
would be interested to read about a young girl’s past experiences from her
diary. However, she still decided to write her thoughts in her diary and named it
“Kitty”. She considered her diary to be her true and loyal friend as she was
lonely and had no friends to talk to. Anne felt that her diary had more capacity
to absorb thoughts than people with low patience levels.

Further, she mentioned how much she loved her family, especially her adorable

E D U V E R S E
father, who gifted her the diary on her thirteenth birthday.
On 20th June 1942, Anne stated how her entire class was nervous about their
exam results. Although she was confident about other subjects, she wasn’t quite
sure about mathematics. She and her friend, G, pleaded with the students to
calm down and not make noise, but all in vain. She felt that about a quarter of
the class were dummies who should be kept back in the same class as they did
not participate in other activities.

Besides, Anne also mentioned how the maths teacher, Mr Keesing, was
annoyed by her talkative nature. He would often punish her with extra
homework whenever she talked more during his class. In the first punishment,
he asked her to write an essay on ‘A Chatterbox’, which in itself was a weird
topic for Anne. She mentioned that she would try to improve herself, but she
could not do anything about the trait that she inherited from her mother. When
her teacher read the essay, he found it amusing and assigned her a second
essay, ‘An Incorrigible Chatterbox’, for her unreformable talkative nature.

However, during the third lesson, Mr Keesing had read enough of her
justifications and assigned her another topic entitled, ‘Quack, Quack, Quack,
Said Mistress Chatterbox’ as a punishment for her incorrigible habit. Anne
almost ran out of thoughts after writing essays on similar topics previously. This
time she took the help of her friend, Sanne, who was good at poetry and wrote
the essay from beginning to end in satirical verse. When her teacher read the
essay he took it lightly and thoroughly enjoyed it. Since then, Anne was allowed
to talk in class and was never assigned any extra homework by Mr Keesing.
VIZUALISED SUMMARY
@Eduverse10

PEN HAVE
MORE
Y PATIENCE
KITT
THAN PEOPLE

E D U V E R S E
IN

CHATTERBOX
TALKS AGA

SHE
SHE SAYS
TRAIT
INHERITED
MOTHER
FROM HER

PUNISHMENT AGAIN
CK,
TO WRITE ESSAY
Q U AC K, QUA
, RBOX
QUACK S CHATTE TEACHER LAUGHS
IST RE S
SAID M
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GLIMPSES OF INDIA COORG
Coorg is a story written by Lokesh Abrol. He described Coorg as the smallest
district of Karnataka. The author said Coorg, or Kodagu is a beautiful place
that is located midway between Mangalore and Mysore. The heavenly city has
evergreen forests, spices and coffee plantations and many tourists throng to
this destination from September to March every year. The air of this region is
filled with coffee scents. The people of this region are very independent and
have some Greek or Arabic connection since the time a part of Alexander’s
army had settled here permanently. They settled here and married the local
people and the tradition continues to exist. The people of Coorg wear Kuppia,
which is a long black coat that is quite similar to the ones worn by Arabs.

E D U V E R S E
Besides, the Coorgi people are very brave. One of the most significant
regiments in the Indian Army is the Coorg Regiment. Notably, the first Indian
Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army was General Cariappa, who hailed
from this beautiful place. The hilly regions and forests of Coorg are a major
source of water for the Cauvery River. Visitors who are interested in high-
adventure sports can have fun and frolic in this place and also explore the
different types of animals particularly found in this region.
VIZUALISED SUMMARY
COORG (SMALLEST DISTRICT OF KARNATKA)

E D U V E R S E
OPLE
Y E
TR RGP
S O
NCE CO
A
IAN
RAB
R A
K O
REE
G

BRAVERY AND COORG REGIMENT

BAKER FROM GOA
"The Baker from Goa" is a humorous and nostalgic account written by Lucio
Rodrigues, reflecting on the importance of bakers in Goan culture. The story is
set in Portuguese-era Goa and vividly describes the daily life of a baker and the
significance of bread in the lives of Goans.

The narrator recalls his childhood, emphasizing how the presence of a baker, or
pader, was a common and essential part of their lives. Bread was a staple in
every household and was an integral part of Goan traditions, festivals, and
daily meals. The baker would visit every morning, announcing his arrival with
the sound of his bamboo staff. Children eagerly awaited him, not just for the

E D U V E R S E
bread but for the joy of receiving bangles of bread or sweet bread known as
bolinhas.

The baker was recognizable by his peculiar dress called kabai, a single-piece
long frock, and later a shirt and trousers that were slightly shorter than usual.
The bakers often carried a basket of bread on their head and were respected
figures in the community. Their services were crucial for special occasions like
weddings and feasts, as no celebration was complete without traditional Goan
bread like pão or bol.

Baking was a profitable profession, and bakers often enjoyed a good lifestyle.
They had a large following and a steady income, which made their job
respectable. The narrator nostalgically mentions how even today, the baker’s
presence remains an essential part of Goan culture, symbolizing heritage and
tradition.

The story highlights the strong cultural bond between Goa and its bread-
making traditions, portraying bakers as indispensable figures in the community
and reminding readers of a simpler time when their profession symbolized
warmth and togetherness.
VIZUALISED SUMMARY

E D U V E R S E
PORTUGUESE
COLONISED
GOA

BAKERY BECAME
IMPORTANT PART
OF TRADITION

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TEA FROM ASSSAM
"Tea from Assam" is a story written by Arup Kumar Datta, which explores the
journey of two friends, Rajvir and Pranjol, to Assam, the largest tea-producing
state in India. Through their trip, the story gives interesting information about
tea and its history.

Rajvir and Pranjol are traveling to Pranjol’s hometown in Assam during their
summer vacation. On the train, Rajvir is excited to see the beautiful scenery of
tea gardens with green bushes spread across the land like a carpet. He shares
his knowledge about tea with Pranjol, who is not as curious because he grew up
in a tea estate and is used to it.

E D U V E R S E
Rajvir explains that tea was first discovered in China. According to a Chinese
legend, tea was accidentally discovered by Emperor Shen Nung when tea leaves
fell into his boiling water. Another Indian legend says that a Buddhist monk,
Bodhidharma, cut off his eyelids to stay awake during meditation, and tea
plants grew from where his eyelids fell. Rajvir also mentions that tea was
introduced to Europe in the 16th century and became a popular drink.

When the train reaches Assam, the two friends travel to Pranjol’s tea estate.
Rajvir is amazed by the vast tea plantations and learns about the hard work
involved in growing and harvesting tea. He is fascinated by how Assam
produces most of the tea consumed in India and worldwide.

The story highlights the beauty of Assam’s tea gardens and teaches readers
about the origin and history of tea, making it an informative and enjoyable
read.
VIZUALISED SUMMARY
FRIENDS

TRAIN TO ASSAM

E D U V E R S E
TEA GARDENS

TEA ORIGINATION CHINESE EMPEROR

THEORIES

IND
IAN
SAD
HU
MIJBIL THE OTTER
The story “Mijbil the Otter” by Gavin Maxwell is about the author’s unique
experience of keeping an otter as a pet. It begins with Maxwell and his friend
traveling to Basra, Iraq, to collect mail from Europe at the Consulate-General.
Feeling lonely after the loss of his pet dog, Maxwell expresses his desire to
adopt a new pet, specifically an otter, instead of another dog. His friend
suggests that he get an otter from the Tigris marshes, a place known for these
creatures. A few days later, Maxwell receives a sack brought by two Arabs with
a note from his friend, and inside the sack, he finds a small otter. He names the
otter Mijbil, affectionately calling it Mij.

E D U V E R S E
At first, Mij takes time to adjust to his new surroundings, but soon it starts
displaying a curious and playful nature. Maxwell notices that Mij has a special
love for water and is fascinated by it. The otter enjoys splashing around and
even learns how to turn on the faucet in the bathroom. Its playful behavior and
intelligence amaze Maxwell, who forms a deep bond with the animal.
When the time comes for Maxwell to return to England, he arranges for Mij to
travel with him. However, British airlines have strict rules that prevent pets from
traveling alongside their owners, so Maxwell books a flight on a different airline
that permits animals. This airline requires that Mij be securely packed in a box.
Just an hour before the flight, Maxwell manages to find a sturdy box and
places Mij inside it. He then leaves briefly to grab a meal.

When Maxwell returns, he finds that Mij has chewed holes in the box and
injured itself in the process. The edges of the box are stained with blood, and
Mij looks distressed. Feeling guilty, Maxwell cleans up Mij, repairs the box, and
heads to the airport, reaching just in time for the flight. Onboard, he explains
the situation to a kind air hostess, who sympathizes with him and advises him
to keep Mij on his lap instead of locking it inside the box.

As soon as Maxwell opens the box, Mij leaps out, causing chaos among the
passengers. The otter’s sudden appearance surprises and entertains the other
travelers. Despite the commotion, the kind air hostess quickly retrieves Mij and
returns it to Maxwell. The journey ends smoothly, and Maxwell is grateful for
her help.
After reaching London, Mij gradually adapts to its new environment. It
becomes creative in its play, using objects like marbles, ping-pong balls, and
even a broken suitcase for its amusement. Maxwell enjoys observing Mij’s
antics and is deeply attached to the otter. During their walks in London, Mij
attracts a lot of attention from the public. People often mistake it for other
animals like a baby seal, a beaver, or even a squirrel. The most amusing
moment occurs when a laborer digging a hole stops Maxwell to ask, “Here,
Mister—what is that supposed to be?”

The story captures the joys and challenges of raising an unconventional pet.

E D U V E R S E
It highlights the bond of love and trust between Maxwell and Mij while also
showcasing the otter’s endearing and intelligent personality.

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VIZUALISED SUMMARY
@Eduverse10
IRAQ SMART AND
PLAYFUL

E D U V E R S E
MIJBIL

MESS IN THE FLIGHT

REACHED LONDON

PEOPLE CONFUSED
ABOUT MIJBIL
MADAM RIDES THE BUS
The story "Madam Rides the Bus" is about an adventurous and curious eight-
year-old Tamil girl named Valliammai, or Valli, who dreams of exploring the
world outside her small village. Since she has no friends to play with, her
favorite activity is standing at her house's doorway, observing the street. She
often watches people getting on and off the bus that travels between her
village and the nearby town. This bus and its passengers fill her with
excitement, and she dreams of taking a ride one day.

E D U V E R S E
Valli learns about the bus journey by listening to passengers. She finds out that
the town is six miles away, and a one-way ticket costs thirty paise. Determined
to experience the adventure, Valli starts saving money by resisting her usual
temptations like sweets or toys.

One afternoon, when her mother is asleep, Valli puts her plan into action. She
waits for the bus, gets on it confidently, and buys her ticket to the town. The
conductor, a cheerful man, jokingly calls her "madam" and helps her settle in.
Valli notices the bus is painted in green and white, looks new, and has
comfortable seats. She thoroughly enjoys the ride, admiring the natural beauty
outside and watching the fields, trees, and mountains pass by. A playful
moment that excites her is when a cow runs in front of the bus, making the
driver honk loudly to shoo it away. This incident amuses Valli and adds to her
adventure.

When the bus reaches the town, the conductor asks Valli if she wants to explore
the market or the stalls nearby. Valli politely declines, explaining that she only
has enough money for the return trip. The conductor smiles at her maturity. She
stays on the bus for her return journey.
On the way back, Valli sees a dead cow lying on the road, covered in blood. She
realizes it is the same cow that had run in front of the bus earlier. This sight
deeply saddens her, and for the first time, she begins to understand the harsh
realities of life and death. Her excitement turns into quiet reflection.
When the bus drops her off near her house, Valli sneaks back home on time,
ensuring her family remains unaware of her solo adventure. The story captures
her innocence, curiosity, and growing understanding of the world, making it a
heartfelt tale of childhood and self-discovery.
VIZUALISED SUMMARY
MOM SLEEPING

VALLI

E D U V E R S E
COW

TOWN

CO
W SA
DEA DV
D ALL
I

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REACHED
HOME IN TIME
THE SERMON AT BENARES
The Sermon at Benares beautifully conveys the teachings of Lord Buddha and
his enlightenment about life, death, and the impermanence of human
existence.Lord Buddha was born as Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince in North
India. At the age of twelve, he was sent away to study sacred Hindu scriptures
and returned home four years later. He married a beautiful princess, had a son,
and lived a luxurious royal life. However, his royal life shielded him from the
realities of human suffering.

E D U V E R S E
One day, while out hunting, Siddhārtha encountered four sights that profoundly
impacted him: an old man, a sick man, a funeral procession, and a monk
begging for alms. These encounters made him deeply aware of the suffering in
the world. He decided to renounce his royal life in search of the truth and a
solution to human misery. After seven years of wandering and meditation, he
attained enlightenment under a tree, which he named the Bodhi Tree (Tree of
Wisdom). Thereafter, Siddhārtha became known as Buddha, meaning "the
Enlightened One."

Buddha gave his first sermon in Benares, a holy city on the banks of the river
Ganges. Among his teachings was the story of Kisa Gotami, a woman
consumed by grief after the death of her only son. Overwhelmed with sorrow,
she wandered from house to house, pleading for medicine to bring her son back
to life. Most people dismissed her as delusional, but one kind man suggested
she seek Lord Buddha's guidance.

When Kisa Gotami approached Buddha, he gave her a seemingly simple task:
to collect a handful of mustard seeds from a household that had never
experienced the death of a family member, relative, or friend. Filled with hope,
she set out on the task. However, as she went from one home to another, she
realized that death had touched every family. No house was free from the loss
of loved ones.

Through this experience, Kisa Gotami understood the universality of death and
the futility of clinging to mortal life. She recognized that grief and sorrow only
worsen human suffering. This realization led her to accept that life and death
are natural parts of existence, and no one can escape this cycle.
Lord Buddha’s teachings emphasize that acceptance of life's impermanence is
the key to overcoming sorrow. He taught that grief and attachment only
magnify pain, and wisdom lies in understanding and accepting the natural
order of life. By letting go of sorrow and attachment, one can attain peace,
happiness, and spiritual growth. The sermon at Benares remains a timeless
lesson on coping with loss and embracing the transient nature of life.

E D U V E R S E
BUDDHA

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E D U V E R S E
SON DIED

GOTAMI FAILED BUDDHA ASKED TO REACH HOUSE

AND REACHED WHERE NO ONE OF THEIR FAMILY DIED
BUDDHA

BUDDHA MADE
HER UNDERSTAND
A LESSON OF LIFE
THE PROPOSAL
The Proposal is a one-act comedic drama by Anton Chekhov that humorously
explores the themes of marital ties, property disputes, and human pettiness,
often portrayed through the interactions of two wealthy families. The story
revolves around Ivan Lomov, a wealthy but hypochondriac bachelor, who visits
his neighbor Stephan Chubukov with the intention of proposing to his daughter,
Natalya Stepanovna.

E D U V E R S E
The play begins with Lomov’s arrival at Chubukov’s house. Dressed
meticulously, he appears nervous yet determined to seek Natalya’s hand in
marriage. Initially, Chubukov misinterprets Lomov’s visit, assuming he has
come to borrow money. However, upon hearing about the proposal, Chubukov
is overjoyed and warmly embraces Lomov, promising to call Natalya at once.
When Natalya enters, Lomov begins with polite conversation, intending to build
rapport. However, the discussion soon turns to a piece of disputed property,
Oxen Meadows, which Lomov claims belongs to his family. Natalya vehemently
disagrees, asserting that the land has always been her family’s. This
disagreement escalates into a heated argument, during which Lomov, who
suffers from heart palpitations and a nervous disposition, begins to feel unwell.
As the tension rises, Chubukov joins the dispute, and both father and daughter
berate Lomov. Feeling insulted, Lomov storms out of the house.

Soon after, Chubukov inadvertently reveals to Natalya that Lomov had come to
propose to her. Shocked and regretful, Natalya insists that her father bring
Lomov back immediately. Chubukov rushes after him, and Lomov reluctantly
returns. Natalya, attempting to smooth things over, shifts the conversation to
their respective dogs. However, this leads to another argument when Natalya
claims her dog, Squeezer, is superior to Lomov’s dog, Guess. The quarrel
becomes increasingly absurd as Lomov and Natalya refuse to back down, with
Chubukov once again getting drawn into the fray.

Amid the escalating chaos, Lomov collapses, seemingly unconscious from his
palpitations. Natalya, now panicked and realizing her true feelings, implores
her father to revive him. When Lomov regains consciousness, Chubukov
hurriedly places Natalya’s hand in Lomov’s and declares them engaged,
hoping to put an end to the madness. However, the bickering resumes almost
immediately, with Natalya and Lomov continuing to argue over whose dog is
better.

The play concludes with the characters engaged in a comical verbal battle,
emphasizing the trivial nature of their disputes and the absurdities of human
behavior. The Proposal uses wit and irony to highlight how materialism, pride,
and petty conflicts often overshadow meaningful relationships, making it a
timeless commentary on human folly.

E D U V E R S E
VIZUALISED SUMMARY

E D U V E R S E
ARGUE OVER LAND

NATALYA REALISES
LOMOV WAS THERE
TO PTOPOSE HER

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LOMOV COMES BACK

ARGUE ABOUT DOG

(LOMOV COLLAPSES )
THANKS FOR CHOOSING US

E D U V E R S E

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