1 What is a property of both liquids and gases?

A They always fill their containers.

B They are incompressible.
C They can flow.
D They have particles in fixed positions.

2 Which row describes the shape and the volume of a liquid at constant temperature?

shape volume

A fixed fixed
B fixed not fixed
C not fixed fixed
D not fixed not fixed

3 Which row shows how the forces and the distances between the particles in a solid generally
compare with the forces and distances in a liquid?

forces between distances between

particles in a solid particles in a solid

A stronger greater
B stronger smaller
C weaker greater
D weaker smaller

4 Some gas is trapped in a large syringe.

syringe
pressure gauge

The atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. The gas pressure is 200 kPa above atmospheric pressure.

The piston moves outwards and the volume of the trapped gas doubles. The temperature
remains constant.

What is the new gas pressure?

A 100 kPa B 150 kPa C 200 kPa D 400 kPa

5 The diagram shows two cylinders connected by a narrow tube fitted with a tap.

tap
80 cm3 20 cm3

One cylinder contains 80 cm3 of gas at a pressure of 2.0  105 Pa. The other cylinder contains a
vacuum.

The volume of the evacuated cylinder is 20 cm3 . The tap is opened so that the gas can flow to fill
both cylinders.

The temperature of the gas remains constant.

What is the new pressure of the gas?

5
A 0.50  10 Pa

B 1.6  105 Pa
5
C 2.5  10 Pa

D 8.0  105 Pa

6 Which statement about copper explains why it is a better thermal conductor than glass?

A Atomic vibration is passed on to neighbouring copper atoms slowly.

B Atoms move through the copper and pass on kinetic energy.

C There are density changes within the copper.

D There are free electrons in the copper.

7 Which statement describes the transfer of thermal energy in a liquid by convection?

A A decrease in its density causes the heated liquid to rise.

B Free electrons carry energy large distances through the liquid.

C Infrared radiation passes through the liquid and transfers energy.

D Particles of the liquid vibrate and pass energy to neighbouring particles.

8 A student suggests three factors that affect the rate of emission of thermal energy by radiation
from a hot object. These are:

1 the surface temperature of the object

2 the surface area of the object
3 the surface colour of the object.

Which suggestions are correct?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

9 An incomplete statement about latent heat is given.

Latent heat is the ......1...... required to overcome the bonds between molecules and change the
......2...... of a substance.

Which words are inserted into gap 1 and gap 2 to correctly complete the sentence?

gap 1 gap 2

A energy state
B force state
C energy temperature
D force temperature

10 A cold solid is placed on top of a hot solid. Thermal energy is transferred from the hot solid to the
cold one.

What is the explanation for this?

A A hot solid expands, so its particles will move further apart.

B Energy is transferred from one particle to the next.
C Heat always rises.
D Molecules are free to move randomly through the solids.

11 Solid metals are good thermal conductors.

How closely packed are their particles and do the metals contain free electrons?

contains
packing of particles
free electrons

A close together no
B close together yes
C far apart no
D far apart yes

12 How is heat energy transferred through the vacuum of space from the Sun to the Moon’s
surface?

A conduction only
B convection only
C radiation only
D conduction, convection and radiation
13 A graph of temperature against time is shown for a material being heated from its solid state.

Z
temperature
Y
X

0
0 time

Which row describes what is happening at X, Y and Z?

X Y Z

A boiling solid becomes hotter melting

B liquid becomes hotter boiling gas becomes hotter
C solid becomes hotter melting liquid becomes hotter
D melting liquid becomes hotter boiling

14 A student on a camping expedition cools a sealed bottle of water which is at the same
temperature as the surrounding air.

Which method cools the water at the greatest rate?

A Wrap the bottle in aluminium foil and place it in a shady place.

B Wrap the bottle in dry, white paper and put it in a sunny place.
C Wrap the bottle in foam and put it in a breeze.
D Wrap the bottle in wet paper and put it in a breeze.

15 Which row describes the boiling and the evaporation of a liquid?

boiling evaporation

A bubbles form throughout the liquid only occurs at one temperature

B bubbles form throughout the liquid produces cooling
C occurs at any temperature only occurs at one temperature
D occurs at any temperature produces cooling
16 Which diagram shows the names of the changes of state that correspond to the directions of the
arrows?

freezing evaporating
A solid liquid gas
melting condensing

melting condensing
B solid liquid gas
freezing evaporating

freezing condensing
C solid liquid gas
melting evaporating

melting evaporating
D solid liquid gas
freezing condensing

17 A sealed cylinder containing gas is left in direct sunlight.

Eventually the cylinder explodes.

How is this explained in terms of the behaviour of the gas particles?

A Each particle gets bigger and they collide with each other more often.
B Each particle gets bigger and they collide harder with the cylinder.
C The particles gain kinetic energy and hit the cylinder harder and more often.
D The particles lose kinetic energy and they hit the cylinder harder and more often.

18 A block of metal absorbs 2000 J of thermal energy.

The temperature of the block rises from 10 C to 20 C.

The mass of the block is 2.0 kg.

What is the specific heat capacity of the metal?

A 50 J / (kg C) B 100 J / (kg C) C 200 J / (kg C) D 400 J / (kg C)
19 A metal kettle is heated on a grid above red-hot glowing coal.

water grid

red-hot glowing coal

What are the main thermal energy transfers through the bottom of the kettle and within the water?

through kettle within water

A conduction conduction
B radiation convection
C conduction convection
D radiation conduction

20 Pot X and pot Y are both in a cool room.

Pot X contains hot water below its boiling point.

Pot Y is identical to pot X but contains water that is kept boiling by a hotplate underneath it.

kitchen hotplate of
pot X pot Y
surface a cooker

What happens to the average kinetic energy of the particles in the liquid water in pot X and to the
average kinetic energy of the particles in the liquid water in pot Y?

kinetic energy of kinetic energy of

liquid particles in X liquid particles in Y

A decreases increases
B decreases does not change
C stays the same increases
D stays the same does not change
21 A metal cube contains boiling water.

Each vertical face of the cube is painted a different colour or has a different texture.

thermometer

Identical thermometers are held at equal distances from each vertical face.

Near which face does a thermometer read the greatest temperature?

A dull black
B dull white
C shiny black
D shiny white

22 Cotton wool is a good thermal insulator.

It consists of many threads of cotton which are tangled together to make a material which can
easily be pulled apart or compressed. The diagram shows the structure of cotton wool.

cotton wool

threads

Why is cotton wool a good thermal insulator?

A Each thread is very thin.

B It has a large surface area because it is made of many threads.
C It has a low density because of the trapped air.
D It traps air and prevents convection.
23 A hairdryer is used to blow air across the surface of water in a beaker so that the water
evaporates.

What increases the rate of evaporation of the water?

A decreasing the speed of the air from the hairdryer

B decreasing the mass of the water in the beaker
C increasing the surface area of the water by using a wider beaker
D increasing the volume of the water in the beaker

24 An aluminium block has a mass of 200 g.

The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 900 J / (kg C).

How much energy is needed to increase the temperature of the block from 20 C to 110 C?

A 2.0 J B 2000 J C 16 200 J D 16 200 000 J

25 Why are small gaps left between the metal rails of a railway track?

A to allow for expansion of the rails on a hot day

B to allow for contraction of the rails on a hot day

C to allow for expansion of the rails on a cold day

D to allow for contraction of the rails on a cold day