LESSON 1:
Introduction to Information and
Communication Technology
WHAT REALLY ICT IS?
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It's a broad term that refers
to the technologies used to store, create, transmit, and share information. ICT includes
hardware, software, and networks.
Examples of ICT
Computers - Computers are a key part of ICT, and are used to store, access, and
manipulate information.
The internet - The internet is a key part of ICT, and is used to access information, such
as websites, blogs, and emails .
Cell phones - Cell phones are a key part of ICT, and are used to communicate with
others.
Video conferencing - Video conferencing is a key part of ICT, and is used to
communicate with others in real time.
Social networking - Social networking is a key part of ICT, and is used to communicate
with others
ICT is used in many different fields, including healthcare, education, and business.
ABOUT ICT:
Modern ICT began in the mid-20th century, with the development of electronic computers and
telecommunications systems. Key milestones include:
1940s: The creation of the first electronic computers, such as the ENIAC, marked the beginning of
advanced information processing.
1950s-1960s: The rise of mainframe computers and early telecommunications, including the first
satellite (Sputnik in 1957).
1969: The launch of ARPANET, a precursor to the internet.
1970s-1980s: Personal computers, mobile phones, and early networking technologies emerged.
1990s: The World Wide Web became widely accessible, establishing the foundation for modern ICT as we
know it today.
THE INDIVIDUALS WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ICT:
Charles Babbage - Claude Shannon - Tim Berners-Lee - Alan Turing - Often
Known as the Called the "Father Inventor of the considered the "Father
"Father of the of Information World Wide Web, a of Computer Science"
Computer" for Theory," his work cornerstone of for his work on
conceptualizing the laid the foundation modern ICT. algorithms and
Analytical Engine in for digital theoretical computing.
the 19th century. communication.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and
manipulate data, or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. IT
system is generally an information system, a communications system or, more
specifically speaking, a computer system – including all hardware, software and
peripheral equipment– operated by a limited group of users. The term is commonly used
as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other
information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. IT is considered
to be a subset of information and communications technology (ICT).
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
ICT encompasses both the internet-enabled sphere as well as the mobile
onepowered by wireless networks. It also includes antiquated
technologies, such as landlinetelephones, radio and television broadcast
– all of which are still widely used todayalongside cutting-edge ICT
pieces such as artificial intelligence and robotics. The list of
ICTcomponents is exhaustive, and it continues to grow. Some
components, such as computersand telephones, have existed for
decades but smartphones, digital TVs and robots, are morerecent
entries.
SOFTWARE
What is Software?
Software refers to a set of instructions, data, or
programs used to operate computers and execute
specific tasks. Unlike hardware, which is the physical
component of a computer, software is intangible and
acts as the interface between the user and the
hardware.
HARDWARE
Types of Hardware
Input Devices Output Devices Central Processing Unit Memory/Storage Devices
Allow users to interact Display or provide (CPU) Store data and instructions
with the computer. information from the The "brain" of the for the CPU.
computer to the user. computer, responsible Examples: RAM (Random
Examples: Keyboard, for executing Access Memory), hard
mouse, microphone, Examples: Monitor, printer, instructions and drives, SSDs, USB flash
scanner, webcam, speakers. processing drives.
headset.
Motherboard Networking Hardware Power Supply
The main circuit board Facilitate Provides electrical
that connects all communication between power to the system
hardware components devices. components.
and allows them to Examples: Routers,
communicate. switches, network cards.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ICT IN OUR DAILY LIVES
ICT (Information and Communication Technology) plays a crucial role in our daily lives, influencing how
we work, communicate, learn, and access information. Here are some key reasons why ICT is important:
1. Communication
ICT enables instant communication through emails, social media, video calls, and messaging
apps, making it easier to stay connected with people globally.
2. Access to Information
The internet, powered by ICT, provides vast amounts of information on almost any topic,
enhancing learning and knowledge sharing.
3. Work and Productivity
ICT tools like word processors, spreadsheets, and project management software improve
efficiency and productivity in the workplace. Remote work and online collaboration are also
made possible.
4. Education
ICT facilitates online learning, access to educational resources, and digital classrooms, making
education more accessible to people worldwide.
1. Healthcare
ICT enables telemedicine, electronic health records, and health monitoring systems,
improving healthcare delivery and access to medical services.
2. Entertainment
ICT powers digital entertainment platforms like streaming services, video games, and
social media, offering various forms of leisure and recreation.
3. Economic Growth
ICT drives innovation in businesses, e-commerce, and industries, contributing to
economic development and job creation.
4. Social Interaction
ICT allows people to build and maintain relationships, connect with communities, and
engage in social activities through digital platforms.
In essence, ICT has become a vital tool that enhances convenience, efficiency, and
connectivity in all aspects of life.
QUIZ
1. Give the meaning of ICT.
2-3. Give 3 examples of
input devices.
4-5. Give 2 examples of output devices
6. What’s the best word to describe SOFTWARE?
7-10. Who are the 4 persons that has the biggest contribution in the
development of ICT.
THANK YOU
