Nama : Nurhamizan

Nim. : 2411134005
Prodi : PGPAUD
Mata Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris

Materi 1 : Article & Preposition

Article
Articles are words used to define or introduce nouns in sentences. Articles are divided into teo
types:
 Definite Article: “The”
Used to mention something specific or already known to the speaker and listener.
example : * I saw the movie you recommended.”
* ”The cat is sleeping”.
 Indefinite Article : “A” dan “An”
Used to mention something that is not yet specific or unknown to the speaker and
listener. *”A” is used before nouns thet begin with a consonant.
Example: I saw a dog in the park.”
* “An” is used before nouns that start with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u).
Example: “I ate an apple.”

Preposition

Orepositions are words used to show the relationship between nouns (or pronominals) and other
parts of the sentence. Prepositions indicate place, time, direction, or manner. For example :

 Preposisi Tempat:
* “In” : “The book is in the bag.”
* “On” : The keys are on the table.”
* “At” : She is at the bus stop.”
 Preposisi Waktu:
* “In” : We will travel in Agust.”
* “On” : The meeting is on Monday
* “At” : The concert starts at 7 PM.”

Example of using in,on,at

IN: *In the norning

*in the afternoon
ON: *on Tuesday
*on wadnesday afternoon
AT: *at noon
*at night

Materi 2 : Modal Auxiliary

MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

Modal auxiliary verbs (or modal verbs) are auxiliary verbs that are used to express ability,
possibility, premisson, necessity, or obligation. Modal verbs do not change form (for example,
there is no change according to subject or tense). The following are some frequently used modal
verbs and their explanations:

1. Can
 Ability : Shows ability or expertise.
* “She can speak three languages.”
 Permission : asking for or giving permission.
* “Can I go to the party?”

2. Could

 Probability:
Demonstrated ability in the past
* “When I was young, I could swim very well.”
 More polite requests or offers:
“Could” used for more formal or polite requests
* “Could you help me?”

3. Will

 Future:
Shows intentions or events that will come.
* “I will call you later.”
 Desire or decision :
Indicates a decision or request.
* “Will you help me with this?”

4. Would

 Polite requests ot offers:

Used to make a polite request or offer.
* “Would you like some coffee?”
* “I would a cup of coffee, please.”

Materi 3 : Simple Present tanse

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Characteristic of Simple Present tanse Sentences

1. The predicate in the present tense sentence is in the form of a bare infinitive. The meaning
of this from is that the third person verb in this sentence ends in letters –s. es. Or ies.
2. If there is a question sentence in the form of a verbal sentence, then the word do/does must
be added, then a added. Meanwhile, nonverbal sentences begin with to be (am,are,is).

Verbal Simple Present

Akhiran s/es pada kata kerja, hanya digunakan pada subject He, She, dan It. Dalam
menambahkan akhiran s/es terdapat aturannya, cara mengetahui kata apa saja yang menggunakan
akhiran s dan es adalah:
 Kata kerja berakhiran huruf Y dan huruf sebelum Y adalah huruf vocal maka kata kerja
ditambahkan-s :
Say menjadi Says, contoh kalimatnya : Sonia says everything is going to be alright
Buy menjadi Buys, contoh kalimatnya : Dad buys new console game
 Kata kerja yang berakhiran huruf O,CH,SH,X, dan Z maka ditambahkan –ES pada akhir
kata kerja, contohnya:
Go menjadi Goes, contoh kalimatnya: She goes to the market every 7 p.m
Watch menjadi Watches, contoh kalimatnya: he watches TV after working
Kemudian untuk menentukan kapan menggunakan Do dan kapan menggunakan Does adalah:
Do digunakan pada subject I, You, They, We
Does digunakan pada subject He, She, It.
Simple Present : Affirmative Statements
Subject Verb Subject Verb
I Works Every day
You He
We She
You Work Every day. It
They My brother
Tom and sue
Circle the correct from of the verb to complete each sentence.

1. Doctor Moffet love / loves his job.

2. He study / studies ants.
3. A salesperson sell/sells products foe a company.

WRITE & SPEAK. List three activities you do often. Share your sentences with a partner. Then
tell the class about your partner.

Student A : I study, I play games. I talk with my friends.

Student B : Maria studies. She plays games. She talks with her friends.

Complate each sentence with the correct from of the verb in parentheses.

1. A zookeeper feeds animals.

2. Computer programmers
3. Photographers
4. A chef
5. A firefighter

Write each verb with the correct –s, -es, or –ies ending.

1. Study studies
2. Fish fishes
3. Pass passes
4. Worry worryes
5. Explore explores

Irregukar verbs: Do, Go, and Have

Subject Verb Subject Verb

I Do The dishes every day He Does The dishes every day
You Go To work at 7:00 a.m She Goes To work at 7:00 a.m
We have Dinner at 6:00 a.m It has Dinner at 6:00 a.m
You
They

Simple Present: Negative Statements

Be careful! In negative statements with does √ She doesn’t exercise every day
not or doen’t, do not add-s to the base from × She doesn’t exercises every day
of the verb

Circlr doesn’t or don’t to complete each sentence.

1. An astronaout on the international space station doesn’t/don’t have a lot free time.

Materi 4 : Simple Past Tense

The simple past tense is used to talk about an event that happened in the past and ended in the
past at a specific time. Sentences in the simple past tense are marked by a second verb (verb 2)
which shows the past time. The simple past tense is used to tell about days in the past.

Conto kalimat verbal simple past tense:

 My mom and I went to the zoo yesterday

 I played football last week
 Arini did not attend my birthday party

Nominal Simple Past

Was used for subjects I, She, He, It

Were used for subjects You, They, We

Contoh kalimat nominal simple past tense

 I was here last night

 We were late yesterday
 He was not happy because of me

Regular Verb dan Irregular verb

There are two types of verbs, namely regular verbs and irregular verbs. Verbs in tenses consist of
froms 1, 2, and 3 or can be called V1, V2, and V3..

Regular Verb

Contoh kalimat menggunakan regular verb

 I cooked fried rice for breakfast

 She borrowed my pen
 Baby cried last night

Irregular Verb
Bentuk kata kerja past tense (V2) pada irregular verb, berubah dari bentuk kata kerja dasarnya.

Contoh kalimat menggunakan irregular verb:

 Last month, I went to the zoo wirh my friends

 You broke my heart into pieces
 She bought me a drink

The Simple Past Tense of Regular Verbs

EXAMPLES EXPLANATION
The Wright brothers started a bicycle To form the simple past tense of regular
business verbs, we add –ed to base form.
They dreamed about flaying Base form Past form
Thet designed an airplane. Start started
The president offered them a contract Dream dreamed
Design designed
Offer offered
The past form is the same for all persons
The Wright brothers wanted to fly. The verb after to does not use the past form
They continued to study aerodynamics
The wright brothers invented the airplane We often use ago in sentences about the past.
over 100 years ago Ago means before now
We celebrated the 100th anniversary of
flight a few years ago

EXAMPLE The Wright brothers lived in Dayton, Ohio.

1. Their father worked as a Christian minister

2. The boys learned mechanical things quickly
3. They loved bicyles.
4. They opened the wright Cycle Company repair shop, wherw they repaired bicycles.
5. They started to produce theur own bicyle models.

Spelling of thr Past Tense of Regular Verbs

Past Tense of Be

EXAMPLES EXPLANATION
Subject Was Complement I
I Interested in the story. He
Charles a pilot. She was
He brave. It
Amelia Was a pilot too. Singular subject
She popular.
The Airplane new in 1903.
It in the air for 12 seconds.
Subject Ware Complement We
We Interested in thr story You
You were in class yesterday. They were
Amelia and Charles brave Plural subject
They adventurous.
There Was Singular subject There + was + singular noun
There Was a celebration in 2003.
There Were Plural subject There + were + plural noun
There Were thousands of people
Charles Lindbergh was not the first person to fly. To make a negative statement, put
We were not at the 2003 celebration. not after was or were.
I wasn’t here yesterday. The contraction for was not is
You weren’t in class yesterday wasn’t.
The contraction for were not is
weren’t.