DIGITAL LOGIC and DESIGN
Lesson 1- Introduction to Digital
Logic
Lesson 1- Introduction to Digital Logic
Intended Learning Outcome (ILOs):
After completing this chapter, students will be able to:
compare the difference between digital and analog.
understand binary, decimal, octal and hexadecimal system.
count in binary, decimal, octal and hexadecimal system.
convert a number from one number system to another system.
learn how to easily perform binary arithmetic (addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division).
Introduction to Digital Logic
1. 1 ANALOG
Analog solves problems by using continuously changing data such as:
Temperature
Pressure
Voltage
What devices use Analog?
It was the first such device to transmit drawings to a stationary sheet of paper;
previous inventions in Europe used rotating drums to make such transmissions. An analog
synthesizer is a synthesizer that uses analog circuits and analog computer techniques to
generate sound electronically.
Old radios
Megaphones
Cassette player
And the volume control on old telephone handsets.
Introduction to Digital Logic
Advantages of Analog:
Uses less bandwidth
More accurate
Disadvantages of Analog:
High cost of signal conversion inside the display.
Upgrade to digital interface not possible.
Introduction to Digital Logic
1.2 DIGITAL
Digital comes from the root digit. In Latin, the word “digitus”
means finger for toe. The modern use of the term digital is probably
derived from the idea of counting on your fingers. Fundamentally, there
are two types of computers such as analog or digital and it describes
electronic technology that generates, stores, and processes data in terms of
two states: positive and non-positive. Positive is expressed or represented
by the number 1 and non-positive by the number 0. Thus, data transmitted
or stored with digital technology is expressed as a string of 0's and 1's.
Each of these state digits is referred to as a bit (and a string of bits that a
computer can address individually as a group is a byte).
Introduction to Digital Logic
The following are DIGITAL electronic devices include:
Computers
Potable media players such as iPods, digital cameras camcorders
Cellphones
Radios
Televisions
GPSs (Global positioning systems)
DVD, CD players
E book readers
Digital voice recorders
Handled gaming consoles
Even cars and appliances, such as microwave ovens, refrigerators, washing
machines, include digital electronics for control, monitoring, and fault
diagnosis.
Introduction to Digital Logic
What devices use Digital?
Many people use digital laptops and computers to check
their email, browse the internet, and play games. Digital tablets
may replace laptops and notebooks in the future. Your phone
might be a smartphone that uses digital technology. Modems
that are used in computers and smart phones are digital
devices.
Introduction to Digital Logic
1.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL
Advantages of Digital:
Less expensive
More reliable
Easy to manipulate
Flexible
Compatibility with other digital system
Integrated networks
Disadvantages of Digital:
Sampling Error
Digital communications require greater bandwidth
The detection of digital signals requires the communications system to be synchronized
Introduction to Digital Logic
Table 1. Comparison of Analog and Digital
Factor Analog Digital
Signal Continuous signal which represents physical Discrete time signals generated by digital modulation
Waves Denoted by sine waves Denoted by square waves
Uses continuous range of value to represent Uses discrete or discontinuous values to represent
Representation
information information
Computers, CDs, DVDs, and other digital electronic
Example Human voice in air, Analog electronic devices
devices
Flexibility Hardware is not flexible Hardware is flexible in implementation
Uses Can be used in Analog devices Best suited for Computing and digital
Memory Stored in the form of wave signal Stored in the form of binary bit
Power Instrument draws large power Instrument draws only negligible power
Impedance Low High order of 100 mega ohm
