THE TEACHING
OF
SCIENCE
INSTRUCTOR: CUBEE MARIE D. BATON, LPT
PRINCIPLES
OF
LEARNING
NUMBER ONE
Learning is an experience which occurs
inside the learner and is activated by
the learner.
NUMBER TWO
Learning is the discovery of the
personal meaning and relevance of
ideas.
NUMBER THREE
Learning is a consequence of
experience.
NUMBER FOUR
Learning is cooperative and
collaborative.
NUMBER FIVE
Learning is an evolutionary process.
NUMBER SIX
Learning is sometimes a painful process.
NUMBER SEVEN
One of the richest resources for
learning is the learner himself.
NUMBER EIGHT
The process of learning is emotional as
well as intellectual.
NUMBER NINE
The process of problem solving and
learning are highly unique and
individual.
LAWS
OF
LEARNING
LAWS OF
LEARNING
1
LAW OF FREEDOM – Things freely learned are best learned.
2
LAW OF INTENSITY – The more intense the material taught,
the more it is likely learned.
LAWS OF
LEARNING
3
LAW OF RECENCY – Things most recently learned are best
remembered.
4
LAW OF PRIMACY – Things learned first create a strong
impression. What is taught must be right the first time.
LAWS OF
LEARNING
5
LAW OF READINESS – Individuals learn best when they are
physically, mentally and emotionally ready to learn, and they do
learn well if they see no reason for learning.
6
LAW OF EXERCISE – Things most often repeated are best
remembered.
LAWS OF
LEARNING
7
LAW OF EFFECT– Learning is strengthened when
accompanied by a pleasant or satisfying feeling.
CLASSROOM
MANAGEMENT
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
The process of organizing and conducting the
business of the classroom relatively free of
behavior problems. It is often perceived as
related to the preservation of order and the
maintenance of control.
PRINCIPLES OF
CLASROOM MANAGEMENT
1 2 3
Strike a balance
Consistent, proactive Establish routines
discipline is the crux of between variety and
for all daily tasks challenge in students’
effective classroom and needs.
management. activities.
PRINCIPLES OF
CLASROOM MANAGEMENT
4 5 6
Make good use of
As classroom manager, Resolve minor
every instructional
be aware of all actions inattention and
moment. Minimize
and activities in the disruption before they
discipline time to
classroom. become major
maximize instructional
disruption.
time.
APPROACHES TO
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
ASSERTIVE APPROACH
Expects teachers to specify rules of behavior and
consequences for disobeying them and to communicate
these rules and consequences clearly.
Teachers expect them to behave in a certain way in
class.
APPROACHES TO
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
APPROACH
Strives to increase the occurrence of appropriate
behavior through a system of rewards and likelihood
of inappropriate behavior through punishments.
APPROACHES TO
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
BUSINESS ACADEMIC
APPROACH
Emphasizes the organization and management of
students as they engage in academic work.
APPROACHES TO
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
GROUP MANAGERIAL
APPROACH
Emphasizes the importance of responding immediately
to group student behavior that might be inappropriate
or undesirable in order to prevent problems rather
than having to deal with them after they emerge.
Ripple Effect Hawthorne Effect
With-it-ness John Henry Effect
Pygmalion Effect/ Placebo Effect
Rosenthal Effect Halo Effect
GROUP MANAGERIAL
APPROACH
1 2 3
RIPPLE EFFECT WITH-IT-NESS PYGMALION
EFFECT/ROSENTHAL EFFECT
Occurs when a teacher The skill to know what is The phenomenon whereby
corrects a misbehavior in going on in all parts of the the greater the
one student and this classroom at all times; expectation placed upon
positively influences the nothing is missed. people, the better they
behavior or nearby perform.
students.
GROUP MANAGERIAL
APPROACH
4 5 6
HAWTHORNE EFFECT JOHN HENRY EFFECT PLACEBO EFFECT
A type of reactivity in which The opposite of Hawthorne A remarkable phenomenon
effect. It is when a supposedly in which placebo – a fake
individuals modify or control group that gets no
improve an aspect of their treatment, an inactive
intervention, compares
substance like sugar, water
behavior in response to themselves to the experimental
group through extra effort
or saline solution can
their awareness of being sometimes improve a
observed. gets the same effects or
results. patient’s condition.
GROUP MANAGERIAL
APPROACH
7
HALO EFFECT
A cognitive bias in which an observer’s overall impression of a person,
company, brand or product influences the observer’s feelings and thoughts
about that entity’s character or properties.
THANK
YOU
