Ex.-1 1 Liter of crude oil weight 9.8 N calculate its specific weight, density and specific gravity.
Solution
Volume (V) 1 Liter 0.001 m^3
Weight (W) 9.8 N
Specific Weight W/V 9800 N/m^3
Density Sp. Wt/Gravitational Acceleration 998.9806 Kg/m^3
Specific Gravity S= [Link]. of oil/Sp. Wt. of water 0.998981 No unit
Ex.-2 An oil film of thickness 1.6 mm is used for lubrication between a square plate of size 0.9 m
x 0.9 m and an inclined plane having an angle of 20^0. The weight of square is 392.4 N and it
slides down the plane with a uniform velocity of 0.2 m/s. Find dynamic viscosity of oil.
Solution
dy 0.0016 m
du 0.2 m/s
Area (A) 0.81 m^2
Weight (W) 392.4 N
Angle of Inclinati 20
shear force along t 133.416 N
Shear Stress 164.711111111111 N/m^2
According to Newton's Law of viscosity
Tau= Mu*( du/dy) 1.31768888888889 N-s/m^2
Dynamic Viscosity 13.17689 Poise
Ex:3 A shaft of diameter 120 mm is rotating inside a bearing of diameter 122 mm at a speed of
360 rpm the space between the shaft and bearing is filled with a lubricating oil of viscosity 6
poise. Find the power absorbed in oil if the length of bearing 100 mm.
Solution: Shaft Diameter 0.12 m
dy 0.001 m
Viscosity 0.6 N-s/m^2
Length 0.1 m
Speed 360 rpm
du 37.68 m/s
Shear Stress 22608 N/m^2
Shear Force 851.86944 N
Torque 51.1121664 N-m
Power 1925.906429952 watt
Ex -1 A 30 cm x 15 cm venturimeter is inserted in a vertical pipe of carrying pipe, flowing in
upward direction. A differential mercury manometer connected to inlet and throat gives a reading of 30 cm. Find th
Solution: Inlet area of Convergent section a1 0.07065 m2
a2 0.0176625 m2
Mercury C X 0.3 m
Water hea h 3.78 m
Cd 0.98
Qth 0.15709484645 m^3/s
Qact 0.15395295 m^3/s
Ex- 2 A 45 Degree reducing bend is connected in a pipe line, the diameters at the inlet and outlet of bend being 40 cm an
Solution: Inlet diameter (D1) 40 cm 0.4 A1 0.1256 m^2
Outlet diameter (D2) 20 cm 0.2 A2 0.0314 m^2
Pressure intensity at i 21.58 N/cm^2 215800
Rate of flow (Q) 500 Lit/sec 0.5 m^3/s
density ρ 1000 kg/m^3
Inlet velocity (V1) = Q / (π * (D1/2)^2) 3.98089171975
Outlet velocity (V2) Q / (π * (D2/2)^2) 15.923566879
Force (F) ρ * Q * (V2 - V1) + (p1 * A1 - p2 * A2)
ρ * Q * (V2 - V1) + p1 *A1 5971.338 27104.48
Force F 33076 N
Ex -3 pipe (1) 450 mm in diameter branches into two pipes (2 and 3) of diameters
300 mm and 200 mm respectively as shown in Fig. 5.15. If the average velocity in 450 mm diameter
pipe is 3 m/s find:
(i) Discharge through 450 mm diameter pipe;
(ii) Velocity in 200 mm diameter pipe if the average velocity in 300 mm pipe is 2.5 m/s.
Solution D1 0.45 m A1 0.1589625 m^2
V1 3 m/s
D2 0.3 m A2 0.07065 m^2
D3 0.2 m A3 0.0314 m^2
V2 2.5 m/s
Q1 0.4769 m^3/s
Velocity in pipe of dia. 200 mm
Q2 0.176625
Q1=Q2+Q3
Q3=Q1-Q2 0.300263 m^3/s
Q3=A3V3
V3 9.5625 m/s
Ex-4 The water is flowing through a tapering pipe having diameters 300 mm and 150
mm at sections 1 and 2 respectively. The discharge through the pipe is 40 litres/sec. The section 1
is 10 m above datum and section 2 is 6 m above datum. Find the intensity of pressure at section 2 if
that at section 1 is 400 kN/m2.
Solution:
D1 0.3 m A1 0.07065 m^2
D2 0.15 m A2 0.0176625 m^2
P1 400 KN/m^2
Z1 10 m
Z2 6m
Q 40 lit/s 0.04 m^3/s
V1= Q/A1 0.566171 m/s
V2=Q/A2 2.264685 m/s
By using Bernoulli's equation
P2/w 40.77472 -0.245069 4
P2/w 44.52965 m
P2 436.84 kN/m^2
reading of 30 cm. Find the discharge. Take cd = 0.98.
t of bend being 40 cm and 20 cm respectively. Find the force exerted by water on the bend if the pressure intensity at inlet of bend is 21.5
tensity at inlet of bend is 21.58 N/cm2. The rate of flow of water is 500 liters/s.
