LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

QUARTER 2/1ST SEMESTER, WEEK 5.a

Name: ________________________________________________ Score: _______

Grade & Section: __________________________ Subject: GENERALPHYSICS 1

Name of Teacher: _________________________________ Date: _____________

I. Title: Sound Waves

II. Type of Activity: Concept notes with formative activities

LAS for summative assessment ( Written Work Performance Task)

III. MELC: Describe qualitatively and quantitatively the superposition of waves

(STEM_GP12MWSIIe-35); Apply the condition for standing waves on a string.
(STEM_GP12MWSIIe-36); and Relate the frequency (source dependent) and
wavelength of sound with the motion of the source and the listener
(STEM_GP12MWSIIe-37).

IV. Learning Objective/s:

 Compare and contrast destructive and constructive interference.

 Explain the occurrence of standing waves.
 Use the concept of Doppler effect in explaining some sound phenomena.
 Recognize the role of sound in daily living.

V. Reference/s:

Print Material/s:
Esguerra, J.P.H. et al. 2018. General Physics I Learner’s Material First Edition.
Department of Education – BLR, Philippines, pp. 204-208.

Silverio, A. 2007. Exploring Life Through Science – Physics, pp. 227-234.

Online Resource/s:

Nave, R. (2020). Standing Waves. Retrieved January 15, 2020 from

[Link]

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OpenStax CNX. (2020). The Doppler Effect. University Physics Volume1.
Retrieved January 13, 2020 from [Link]
osuniversityphysics/chapter/17-7-the-doppler-effect/.

The Physics Classroom. (2020). Sound Waves and Music. Retrieved January
10, 2020 from [Link]

VI. Concept Notes

A. Sound and its Speed

Sound is a longitudinal wave

created by vibrating objects and capable of
producing a sensation in our auditory
system. Sound waves in air (and any fluid
medium) are longitudinal waves because
particles of the medium through which the
sound is transported vibrate parallel to the
direction that the sound wave moves. Since
a sound wave consists of a repeating
pattern of high-pressure and low-pressure
regions moving through a medium, it is
sometimes referred to as a pressure wave.

The speed of sound in air as a function of temperature was determined by Isaac

Newton and is given by the equation:

331 0.6 / ∙ °

The speed of sound in air is 331 m/s at 0°C. For each Celsius degree rise in
temperature, the speed of sound in air increases by 0.6 m/s.

B. Superposition of Waves

Superposition of wave: the resultant displacement of two or more overlapping

waves is the algebraic sum of the displacements of the individual waves.

[Link]

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Interference occurs when two waves overlap. The interference is constructive
when displacements due to the two waves are in the same direction, and destructive
when the displacements are in opposite directions.

C. Standing Waves

A standing wave is a pulsating stationary pattern cause by the interference of

harmonic waves of equal amplitude and length traveling in opposite directions. When
a string fixed at one end is wiggle at the other end, incident waves will travel toward
the fixed end. When the incident and reflected waves have the same amplitude, their
interference forms a standing wave.

[Link]

Nodes and Antinodes: If the

displacement of a point in space
remains zero as a wave travels
through, that point is a node. The
displacement and other points typically
vary with time. If the displacement at a
point in space varies over the greatest
range as a wave travels through, that
point is an antinode.

Standing waves in air columns

also form nodes and antinodes, but the
phase changes involved must be
separately examined for the case of air [Link]
columns.

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[Link]

D. Doppler Effect

The Doppler Effect is the apparent change in the frequency of sound caused
by the motion of the sound source and/or the observer. The difference between the
frequency from the source and the apparent frequency ′ it is called the Doppler
shift. We shall study the Doppler effect case by case. The following symbols shall be
used:

is the frequency of the sound from source

′ is the apparent frequency
is the velocity in medium, usually air
is the velocity of source of sound
is the velocity of the observer
is the apparent wavelength
is the wavelength of sound from the source

Case 1: Observer is in Motion; Source is at Rest

[Link]
content/uploads/sites/2952/2018/01/31201724/CNX_UPhysics_17_07_SWave.jpg

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From the illustration, consider person Y, an observer moving toward a
stationary source covers a distance . In doing so, she receives an additional
number of waves equal to . Dividing by gives the number of additional waves
per unit time. As a result, to the frequency perceived by the observer (apparent
frequency) ′ is,

Using the wave equation and simplifying,

If, on the other hand, the observer is moving away from the source (consider
person X from the illustration above), instead of receiving additional waves, he
receives lesser number of waves resulting in a reduced frequency given by,

#
" $

Case 2: Observer is at rest; Source is in Motion

[Link]
content/uploads/sites/2952/2018/01/31201724/CNX_UPhysics_17_07_SWave.jpg

Sounds emitted by a source moving to the right spread out from the points at
which they were emitted. The wavelength is reduced, and consequently, the frequency
is increased in the direction of motion, so that the observer on the right hears a higher-
pitched sound. The opposite is true for the observer on the left, where the wavelength
is increased and the frequency is reduced.

When the source is moving away (as in the case of person X), the wavelength
becomes longer and the frequency perceived by the observer is:

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Likewise, when the source is moving toward a stationary observer (as in the
case of person Y), the frequency perceived by the observer is:

!
#

Case 3: Both Observers and Source are in Motion

When both the source and observer are in motion, the apparent frequency is
given by:
±
% ( .
± '

In the numerator, the plus sign is used when the observer is moving toward the
source; minus sign if moving away. In the denominator, the minus sign is used if the
source is moving toward the observer; plus, sign if moving away. The equation may
also be used if either the observer of the source of sound is at rest by setting or
equal to zero, respectively.

Sample Problem:

The frequency of a fire engine siren is 1750 Hz.

(a) What frequency will a stationary person hear if the fire truck is moving
toward him at 18.0 m/s?

(b) What frequency will a person hear if he moves away from the truck at 8.0
m/s?

Assume the speed of sound is 340 m/s.

Solution:

(a) Using Case 2 Equation and substituting values:

,
*+
" ) '
$ ,
'
, ! 1750 12 1847.8 12 ≈ 6789 :;.
*+ )-..
' '

(b) Using Case 1 equation and substituting values:

, ,
) *+ )..
" $ '
,
'
! 1750 12 1708.8 12 ≈ 6<69 :;.
*+
'

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YOU CAN DO THIS!

Task 1. Straw Flute. Prepare the materials listed below and perform the simple activity
to answer the questions that follow.
Materials: 1 Plastic drinking straw and 1 pair of Scissors

Procedure:

1. Press and flatten one of the straws and cut both sides at a slant to make a
pencil point. This will create a reed as shown in the image below:

2. Keep the reed in the mouth and blow your lungs out.

3. Keep the reed out and suck in air.

4. Keep blowing the reed and keep cutting the other end of the straw to hear
different notes.
Adapted from: [Link]

Questions:

1. What causes the production of sound in the experiment?

2. Based on your answer on number 1, is it true for all sound-producing objects?
3. How do you describe the pitch as you cut the straw?
4. Which property of waves does the pitch of the sound depend on: velocity,
frequency, or wavelength?

5. Relate your answer on item no. 4 with your experiences using musical
instruments.

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Task 2. Matching Type. Match the definitions on column A with the terms on column
B.

Column A Column B
1. A pulsating stationary patten caused by the A. Antinode
interference of harmonic waves of equal
amplitude and length travelling in opposite B. Ripple Effect
directions.
C. Doppler Effect
2. Points where the particles of the medium are
not displaced from their equilibrium position. D. Doppler Shift

3. Points where the particles experience E. Node

maximum displacement.
F. Standing wave
4. The apparent change in the frequency of
G. Stationary wave
sound caused by the motion of the sound
source and/or the observer.

5. The difference between the frequency from

the source and the apparent frequency of
sound.

Task 3. True or False. Read and analyze the statements. Write T if the statement is true,
otherwise write F.
1. Sound is a longitudinal wave and is also considered a pressure wave.
2. The speed of sound is dependent on the medium’s temperature.
3. A standing wave is really not a wave at all; it is a pattern resulting from the
interference of two or more waves which are traveling through the same
medium.
4. A standing wave pattern is formed as a result of the interference of two or more
waves.
5. When a standing wave pattern is established, there are portions of the medium
which are not disturbed.
6. A standing wave pattern is a regular and repeating vibrational pattern
established within a medium; it is always characterized by the presence of
nodes and antinodes.
7. When a standing wave pattern is established in a medium, there are alternating
nodes and antinodes, equally spaced apart across the medium.
8. For every node on a standing wave pattern, there is a corresponding antinode;
there are always the same number of each.
9. An antinode on a standing wave pattern is a point which is stationary; it does
not undergo any displacement from its rest position.
10. Sound waves travel fastest in solids (compared to liquids and gases) because
solids are more dense.

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YOU CAN DO MORE!

Task 4. Online Simulation: Standing Waves. Access the

simulation by following the link provided below and click Launch
Tool. Explore the simulation under the options: Pre-Set Waves
> Two Fixed Ends. Observe the behavior of the waves in
different harmonics. Then, answer the guide questions.

URL: [Link]
Interactives/Waves-and-Sound/Standing-Wave-
Patterns/Standing-Wave-Patterns-Interactive

Short URL: [Link]

Guide Questions:
1. Describe the motion of the green wave as compared to the blue and orange
waves.

2. What does the Green Wave represent?

3. How is the Green Wave formed?
4. Compare the motion of the particles on a rope as opposed to sound.
5. Draw or show a screenshot how the, (a) maximum and (b) minimum
amplitudes of a standing wave are created.

Task 5. Conceptual Questions. Solve the following problems below. Justify your
answer or show your complete solution.
1. What causes an echo?
2. What is constructive interference? destructive interference?
3. What is a node? An antinode?
4. As a child, you may have played with a homemade “telephone” by
attaching a string to the bottoms of two cans. When the string is stretched
and you speak into one of the cups, the sound can be heard by your
playmate at the other cup. Can you explain how the sound travels from
one cup to the other?

5. A car is at rest with its horn blowing, then starts moving toward you. (a)
Does the frequency that you hear increase, decrease, or stay the same?
(b) How about the wavelength reaching your ear? (c) How about the
speed of sound in the air between you and the car?

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Task 6. Doppler Effect Quantitative Problems. Read and analyze the problems.
Performed the indicated tasks to answer each of the problems below.
1. An ambulance truck emits a sound with a frequency of 800 Hz. (a) What is the
frequency detected by a stationary observer id the ambulance truck is moving
30 m/s toward the observer? (b) What frequency will be detected if the
ambulance is moving 30 m/s away from the observer? (The speed of sound in
air at 20ºC is 343 m/s).

2. A stationary ambulance emits a frequency if 1200 Hz. Calculate the frequency

detected by the observer if (a) the observer is driving towards the ambulance
truck at 25 m/s and if (b) the observer is driving away from the ambulance truck
at 25 m/s. (The speed of sound in air at 20ºC is 343 m/s).

3. A police car is moving east at 20 m/s toward a driver who is moving west at 25
m/s. The police car emits a frequency of 900 Hz. What is the frequency detected
by the driver? (The speed of sound in air at 20ºC is 343 m/s).

CHALLENGE YOURSELF!
Task 7. Sci-Demo (Standing Waves). Using the concepts learned in this LAS, record
a 3-minute video executing the following demonstration and a brief explanation.
Concept Demonstration: Using a rope, create a transverse standing wave pattern
Explain how the wave pattern is made.

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Task 8. Open-Ended Laboratory – The Speed of Sound. Use your creativity in
performing the activity. This is a group activity with a maximum member of five (5).
Follow the parts specified below.
Problem: Using low-cost to no-cost materials, design an experiment
which will measure the speed of sound.
I. Title
• Catchy title of your experiment

II. Background
• State the objective of the experiment
• 5-7 sentences of short introduction of the topic or concepts and the equations
that your will be needing.

III. Materials
• Specify quantity and units

IV. Procedure/Experimental Set-up

• Step-by-step procedure via flow-chart or
• Illustrated experimental set-up

V. Data/Results Gathered
• Data Tables or Graphs
• Short Interpretation of each table or graph
• Statement of accuracy of the experiment

VI. Conclusion
• 3-5 sentences summarizing your findings.

VII. Appendices
• Calculations
• Documentations (photos with captions)

Your final output shall have a title page indicating the title of the experiment
and the members of your groups. Submit your file via Google Classroom in PDF
Format with the following specifications:

• Paper Size: 13” x 8.5”

• Orientation: Portrait
• Margin (Top, Bottom, Right, Left): 1”
• Font Size: 11
• Font Style: Arial

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Task 9. Mini Quiz. Choose the letter of the correct answer:
1. Points of maximum amplitude on a standing wave are called:
a. antinodes c. equilibrium
b. interference d. nodes

2. The pattern of the standing wave is called:

a. Interference c. Antinode
b. Harmonic d. Node

3. How many nodes does this standing wave have?

a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4

4. When two waves combine to form a new wave with larger amplitude, it is called:
a. Constructive Interference c. Diffraction
b. Destructive Interference d. Resonance

5. The Doppler Effect is produced if:

a. the source is in motion. C. both A and B
b. the observer is in motion d. none of the above.

LEVEL UP!
Task 10. Sci-Model – Musical Instruments. Using readily available materials at
home, make an improvise musical instrument. Submit a video documentation with you
playing a melody using your instrument.

Questions for Investigation:

1. What type of musical instrument did you make?

2. How can you control the pitch of your instrument?
3. What are the pros and cons of using your instrument?

Task 11. 2-Minute-Sci-Awit. Compose a short song that would summarize the
concepts about sound. Submit a 2-minute video documentation performing your
original composition.

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Task 12. Reflection - Agham Salamat. Some technological advancements and
issues due to the better understanding of waves and sounds are listed below.
Research one article (online or printed) and reflect how they have affected our way of
life and the environment. Attach a copy of the article upon submission.
1. SONAR
2. RADAR
3. Ultrasound
4. Intentional Blindness
5. Noise pollution in land and ocean

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