Licensure Examination for Professional Teachers

VALUES EDUCATION
MAJORSHIP

MARK LEXTER B. ABUNDO

Faculty – CatSU-College of Education
A. INTELLECTUAL COMPETENCIES
VALUE – basic attitudes
– core beliefs
– worth, one prizes
– specific thing, certain agent
– good & desirable
VALUES – Principle / standards of behavior

– Judgment
– Interest, duties
VALUES EDUCATION – Part of school curriculum
– Values are formed under the guidance,
and interests with environment.
5 MACRO-SKILLS
URCDP
1. UNDERSTANDING (Pag-unawa)
2. REFLECTING (Pagninilay)
3. CONSULTING (Pagsangguni)
4. DECISION – MAKING (Pagpapasya)
5. PERFORMING (Pagkilos)
LEGAL BASES OF VALUES EDUCATION
1987 Philippine Constitution

 Just a humane society, shared culture and values

 Truth, love, justice, equality, freedom, and peace

Presidential Proclamation No. 62

 September 30, 1992 – MORAL RECOVERY PROGRAM

 Fidel V. Ramos

 Active participation of all sectors of society

 Encouraging individuals and communities to embrace core values such

as honesty, respect, and empathy.
MRP

 Aims to mobilize all Filipino for nation-building through the exercise of

human values.

 Encouraging inclusivity and respect for diversity among different

cultural, ethnic, and social groups within the nation.
Senate Resolution No. 10

 September 18, 1987

 Strengths & weaknesses of Filipino Values
 Senator Leticia R. Shahani
DECS Order No. 6, s. 1998

 DECS Values Education Program

 Goal: Values Education at all three levels: Elementary

Secondary
Tertiary
DO no. 41, s. 2003

 Values Education in the Basic Education Curriculum

 Restructured BEC
 Values Integration in all subjects
Republic Act 10533

 Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (K-12)

Republic Act 11476

 GMRC and Values Education Act

 Kinder – Values Education is integrated in learning activities
 GMRC – Grades 1-6
 Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao – Grades 7-10
 Grades 11-12 (SHS) – VE is integrated into teaching
FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION
FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION

Pre-Spanish Era

 Practical training
 Survival and to transmit social ideas, customs, beliefs, and tradition
 No religious and formal education
FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION

Spanish Era

 Focused on Christian Doctrine

 Parochial school and churches – (for boys only)
 Non-formal education
FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION

What could be the valued things during

this time?
FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION

Some valued things during this time:

 Moral and spiritual values according to a
religious system
 Submissive reverence to accepted authority
figures
 Refusal to submit to colonizers and autonomy
FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION

American Era

 Public School System

 Influenced by philosophy of John Dewey
 Religious instruction became optional
 Formal Education
FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION

Some valued things during this time:

 Freedom to choose religion

 Submissive reverence to accepted authorities
 Patriotism, loyalty, values of self-reliance, national unity (Phil.
Commonwealth; Quezon introduced code of ethics for Filipinos; 1935-
1946)
 Refusal to submit to colonizers and autonomy
FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION

Commonwealth Era

 Focused on moral character, vocational provided by 1935 Constitution.

FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION

Japanese Occupation

 Focused on East-Asia co-prosperity Sphere

FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION

Some valued things during this time:

 Submissive reverence to accepted authorities

 Refusal to submit to foreign power and autonomy
FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION

New Society
 Focused on national development, manpower, & self-actualization
 Technical Vocational
FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION

Fourth Republic

 Rights of all citizen to quality education

 (Article 14 – right to education in Phil. Const.)
FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION

Martial Law

 Bilingual Education – Filipino & English

 Bilingual Education Policy in the 1970s
FOUNDATION OF VALUES EDUCATION

Post-Martial Law

 EDSA revolution inspired many Filipinos to place a premium on justice,

liberty, peace, & respect for human rights.
U
Weaknesses of
Filipino
Character
Test Drill.

1. Anna is supporting one of her relatives go to college and she was happy
doing it. What positive Filipino values is being shown in this sentence?

a. Utang na loob
b. Family centeredness
c. Regards to other
d. Pakikipagkapwa
Test Drill.

2. What month was declared as the Filipino Values Month?

a. November
b. September
c. December
d. April
Test Drill.

2. What month was declared as the Filipino Values Month?

a. November
b. September
c. December
d. April

Rationale: Pres. Fidel V. Ramos declared November as the Filipino Values

Month through Proclamation No. 479 on October 1994
Test Drill.

3. A program whose aim to mobilize Filipino for nation-building through

practical exercise of human values to be awaken to the power of these
values towards achieving individuals in nation goals.

a. Child Friendly School System

b. K-12 Program
c. Tulong-Dunong Program
d. Moral Recovery Program
Test Drill.

4. In the Preamble of the Code of Ethics of Professional Teachers, which is

NOT said of teachers?

a. LET passers
b. Duly licensed professionals
c. Possess dignity and reputation
d. With high-moral values as well as technical and professional competence
Preamble

Teachers are duly licensed professionals who possesses dignity and

reputation with high moral values as well as technical and professional
competence in the practice of their noble profession, and they strictly
adhere to, observe, and practice this set of ethical and moral principles,
standards, and values.
Test Drill.

5. Which is a sound classroom management practice?

a. Avoid establishing routines

b. Establish routines for all daily needs and tasks.
c. Apply rules and policies on a case to case basis.
d. Apply reactive approach to discipline.
Test Drill.

6. Teacher A knows of the illegal activities of a neighbor but keeps quiet in

order not to be involved in any investigation. Which foundational principle
of morality does Teacher A fail to apply?

a. The end does not justify the means.

b. The principle of double-effect
c. Always do what is right.
d. Between two evils, do the lesser evil.
Test Drill.

6. Teachers often complain of numerous non-teaching assignments that

adversely, affect their teaching. Does this mean that teachers must be
preoccupied only with teaching?

a. Yes, if they are given other assignments, justice demands that they be
properly compensated.
b. Yes, because other community leaders, not teachers, are tasked to lead in
community activities.
c. NO, because every teacher is expected to provide leadership and
initiative in activities for betterment of communities
d. Yes, because teaching is enough full time job.
Test Drill.

7. What best describe “pwede na mentality” vs excellence in service/work?

a. Arduous preparation
b. Resignation to mediocrity
c. committed to work
d. striving to be best
Test Drill.

8. In the poem : when in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes” Shakespeare felt
depressed looking at his sad fate and wishing he were someone else more rich, with
many friends, with greater skills, and future prospects in life. What is the best antidote
to such depressed feelings?

a. Deny that others have more than you have

b. Count your own blessings
c. Strive to surpass others
d. Think of others poorer than you
Test Drill.

9. Which law refers to the latest educational reform in Philippine education,

otherwise known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013.

a. R.A 10533
b. R.A 7722
c. R.A 7784
d. R.A 11476
Test Drill.

10. Mr. Angelo always tells his students that pleasure is not the highest good. His
teaching is against which philosophy?

a. Idealism
b. Realism
c. Essentialism
d. Hedonism
Philosophical & Ethical Foundation of
Values Education
PHILOSOPHY – “philosophia”
– Philo – love of
– Sophia – wisdom
– Science whose essence is founded of
speculations, intuition, reasons, reflection,
meditation, imagination, and, experiences.
– Desire to know who and what man is
MAJOR AREAS
 Metaphysics – truth/reality, existence

 Epistemology – knowledge

 Logic – argument

 Axiology – beauty & values Two types: 1. Ethics – right & wrong
2. Aesthetics - beauty
PRE-SOCRATIC

Thales – Man is water

– Brain 80%, body 70%
Anaximander – Universe is immaterial
– Apeiron, boundless
Anaximenes – AIR is principle of life
– soul is composed of air
Heraclitus – FIRE
– man has a fire in him in
the form of heat
Pythagoras – dipartite of body and soul
– metempsychosis
Protagoras – no objective truth
SOCRATIC ERA (SPAZ)

Socrates – body & soul

– truth and good life
– naturally do what is good

“The unexamined life is not worth living”

Plato – metaphysical dichotomy (body & soul)
– body – destructible (material)
– soul – indestructible (immaterial)
 Aristotle – unity of body and soul (inseparable)
– body has no life, united with soul
– man as a single essence
– body is matter of soul
– soul is form to the body
– Tripartite of soul: 1. Vegetative – plants
2. Sensitive – animals
3. Rational - humans
Zeno of Citium – Universal reason (logos)
– Stoicism
– Detest pleasure of material
possessions
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHERS

St. Augustine – faith alone

– human salvation
– human with mortal body with immortal
soul
St. Aquinas – human as a whole
– soul requires body for its perception
– Functions of soul: Intellect & Will
– Intellect will remain in the soul
– Faith and Reason
MODERN PHILOSOPHERS

Rene Descartes – dualism

– Fr. Modern Philosophy
– Humans are thinking beings
–“Cogito ergo sum”
– Two substance: infinite – God
finite – man
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz – degrees of consciousness
– Kinds of truth:
1. Reason
2. Fact
Julien Offray Mettrie – “man is a machine”
– body & soul are one during sleep
Immanuel Kant – Transcendental idealist
– Deontology – sense of duty/obligation
– Exist but cannot be seen. e.g. ideas,
opinion
Karl Marx – human=labor
– Human should be productive
EXISTENTIALIST

 Jean Paul Sartre – freedom & responsibility

Martin Heidegger – Authentic life
– Free himself from inauthentic
existence
Soren Kierkegaard – Fr. of Existentialism
– Humans were fundamentally
different from other creatures
– human liberates from crowd
existence
– 3 modes of existence: Aesthetic
Ethical
Religious
Karl Jasper – “encompassing” – human as a whole
– attainment of human existence is possible
when seen as a whole
– Human can be encompassing:
+ Existent
+ Conscious
+ Spirit
Victor Frankl – logotheraphy – finding meaning in life
– 3-fold manner of existence
+ Doing life project
+ Experiencing value in context
of love
+ Finding meaning in suffering
HUMANISTIC PHILOSOPHERS

Abraham Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs

Carl Rogers – Humanistic theory of Personality
Development
– Fr. of human-centered therapy and
humanistic psychology
– 3 components of self-concept
1. Self-worth – value
2. Self-image – see
3. Ideal self – want to be
– “Actualizing tendency”
VALUES INTEGRATION
TYPES OF VALUES INTEGRATION

1. Natural Integration – using subject matter or activity undertaken

2. Unnatural Integration – adding an activity to lesson plan

3. Eclectic – two or more schemes/activities in integrating values

4. Vertical Integration
a.) Total Vertical – all subjects in all levels
b.) Partial Vertical – some selected subjects in all levels

5. Horizontal Integration
a.) Total Horizontal – all subject in a selected grade or level
b.) Partial Horizontal – selected subject in selected grade or level
PERSONHOOD
DEVELOPMENT
Personhood development is a critical aspect of human growth that is shaped
by the Philippines’ history, culture, and socio-economic context. The strong
influence of family and community on personhood development is notable in the
Philippines. Filipino families’ close-knit relationships and intergenerational ties
create a supportive environment for child development and the importance of
family values is reflected in the country’s laws and policies.

The Philippine education system also plays a significant role in personhood

development, particularly with the K-12 educational reform implemented in
2013. This reform provides a holistic and comprehensive education that
addresses cognitive, emotional, and social development, and offers various
tracks that equip students with the necessary skills knowledge to pursue their
chosen careers.
Personhood
Personhood is a term that refers to the state of being a person or having a personality. It
encompasses various aspects of human existence, including cognitive, emotional and social
development. Personhood development is a critical process that shapes individuals’ abilities,
values and beliefs, and it has significant implications for the well-being of individuals, families,
communities, and societies.
Stages of Personhood Development

Personhood Development occurs in stages that reflect the different

levels of human development. One of the most influential theories of
personhood development is Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory.
Birth to 18 months

18 months to 3 years

3 to 6 years

6 to 12 years

12 to 18 years

18 to 40 years

40 to 65 years

65 years and older

FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE
PERSONHOOD DEVELOPMENT
INTRAPERSONAL AND INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONS IN PERSONHOOD
DEVELOPMENT
INTRAPERSONAL RELATIONS INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS
Definition The relationship an individual has The relationship an individual has
with themselves with others
Self-reflection, self-awareness, Family, friends, romantic
Example self-esteem, emotional regulation partners, social groups,
community
Shapes an individual’s personal Shapes an individual’s social
Developmental Impact identity, emotional regulation, and identity, sense of belonging, and
overall sense of self connection with others
Erik Erikson’s theory of Attachment theory, social support
psychosocial development, Carl theory, social comparison theory
Theories Rogers’ person-centered therapy,
Dialectical Behavior Therapy
(DBT)
Self –awareness mindfulness, Empathy, social support,
Key Concepts/ Practices self-reflection, self-acceptance, communication, conflict
emotional regulation resolution, boundary-setting
References:

CBRC (2023). Ultimate Learning Guide to Values. Based on the 2022 Enhanced Table of Specification for Licensure Examination for Professional Teachers.

Ingay, V. (2024). The Strengths and Weaknesses of Filipino Character

[Link]

Patil, M. (2017, July 4). Social contract theory [Slide show]. SlideShare.
[Link]

UP Class High (2010). The Old Pictures.

[Link]

Wikipedia (2024). Classical Greek Philosopher. The Free Encyclopedia.

[Link]