Final Exam - Questions and Answers
Total Points: 35/35
1. According to Bentham’s principle of utility, how should the company proceed?
Answer: C
2. As a non-ethical standard, the role of __________ in decision-making is to influence
decisions by providing subjective reactions to situations, without necessarily aligning with
ethical principles.
Answer: Feelings
3. __________ is a situation wherein an agent/doer is confronted with two or more actions, but
is required to choose only one.
Answer: Ethical Dilemma
4. The principle of __________ contends that one should act for the greatest good for the
greatest number, balancing altruism and minimizing egoism.
Answer: Utility
5. According to the __________ theory, God is the one who has established the laws that must
be followed.
Answer: Divine Command
6. What would a utilitarian most likely support regarding the industrial complex proposal?
Answer: B
7. In every ethical consideration and judgment, we must be __________ by maintaining that
every person’s welfare is equally significant.
Answer: Impartial
8. Which of the following best describes Jeremy Bentham’s principle of utilitarianism?
Answer: B
9. According to Bentham’s utilitarianism, how should an individual decide the morality of a
decision?
Answer: D
10. Mill argued that a person should pursue:
Answer: D
11. __________ is to put our moral principles into action even though we may be in doubt, are
afraid, or face adverse consequences.
Answer: Moral Courage
12. In the theory of justice as fairness, the “__________” is a condition where one does not
know their own social status, profession, wealth, or personal characteristics.
Answer: Original Position
13. In Carol Gilligan’s ethical theory, it is proposed that __________, instead of reason, should
serve as a foundation of ethics or morality.
Answer: Care
14. According to John Stuart Mill’s version of utilitarianism, which best describes his view
on happiness?
Answer: B
15. Cultural disagreements in history that did not prevent the discovery of objective truths
best demonstrate a potential weakness in the __________ argument.
Answer: Cultural Difference
16. In Mill’s utilitarianism, the “Greatest Happiness Principle” is applied by:
Answer: C
17. For our ethical reasoning to be impartial, we must give the best reasons for asserting
that something is ethically right or wrong.
Answer: True
18. John Stuart Mill’s utilitarianism is considered a refinement of Bentham’s because Mill
argued that:
Answer: A
19. If a government implements a policy that helps the majority but harms a small minority,
what would Bentham say about it?
Answer: B
20. __________ means universalizability and impartiality, applicable to all rational agents as
obligatory, without any bias or prejudice.
Answer: Categorical Imperative
21. The __________ theory relies on the purpose of an object involved in the action to
determine whether it is ethical.
Answer: Natural Law
22. Relevant to the study of ethics, __________ emphasizes duty, rules, and obligations to
differentiate right from wrong.
Answer: Deontology
23. The view that moral judgments depend on individual feelings or opinions best describes
__________.
Answer: Feelings
24. “I will now avoid catcalling or wolf-whistling; otherwise, I will be penalized under the
Safe Spaces Act” aligns with __________ orientation in the stages of moral development.
Answer: Authority Orientation
25. __________ is the moral character manifested in Filipinos’ love for social celebration and
political satire.
Answer: Joy and Humor
26. According to Scott Rae’s 7-step model of ethical reasoning, the first step prior to any
ethical analysis is to gather relevant __________.
Answer: Information
27. In Act Utilitarianism, if a person finds a wallet on the ground, they would:
Answer: C
28. __________ is the power by which the sovereign raises revenue to cover government
expenses.
Answer: Taxation
29. A theory not concerned with consequences or rules but focuses on moral character is
__________.
Answer: Virtue Ethics
30. A society’s rule “Do not harm others” is supported by Rule Utilitarianism because:
Answer: B
31. Which of the following actions would Jeremy Bentham likely consider most moral, based
on utilitarian principles?
Answer: B
