Unit 6 Study Guide: Chemical Reactions

Vocabulary Review
Match the following terms to the definition.
Answer Term Definition

Reaction that occurs in a liquid and

A forms a gas
1. acid-base reaction
Reaction in which electrons are
B transferred from one substance to
another
2. activity series

A list of elements that compare

C reactivities
3. balanced equation

Reactions that form one or more solid

D substances in water
4. combustion reaction
Chemical equation with coefficients
E such that the number of each type of
atom is equal on both sides
5. complete ionic equation

Solution that contains a complete

F dissolved ionic compound
6. decomposition reaction
Empirical rules that look at the ability
G of many compounds to dissolve in
water
7. double replacement reaction
A reaction in which something reacts
H with elemental oxygen, often
producing CO2 and H20
8. gas producing reaction
Chemical equation showing all of the
I species as they are actually present in
the solution
9. net ionic equation

Equation showing only the species that

J actually change during the reaction
10. redox reaction

Reaction between two solutions that

K forms water and a salt
11. precipitation reaction
Reaction in which simpler substances
L combine to form a more complex
substance
12. single replacement reaction
Reaction in which a more complex
M substance breaks down to form two or
more simpler substances
13. solubility rules
Reaction in which one element
N displaces another element in a
compound
14. strong electrolyte solution
Reaction in which two elements or
groups of elements in two different
O compounds exchange places to form
15. synthesis reaction two new compounds
Chemical Equations
• Learning Objectives:
o Explain and apply the law of conservation of mass
o Identify what substances are the reactants and what substances are the
products in a chemical reaction
o Count atoms in a given chemical formula
o Understand how chemical reactions are balanced using coefficients
o Identify and differentiate between a coefficient and a subscript
o Read and understand a balanced chemical equation
o Write and balance chemical equations

1. Balance each of the following chemical equations:

a. ____ Na2S(aq) + ____ Cu(NO3)2(aq) → ____ NaNO3(aq) + ____ CuS(s)

What is the sum of the coefficients in equation a? _______

b. ____ HCl(aq) + ____ O2(g) → ____ H2O(l) + ____ Cl2(g)

What is the sum of the coefficients in equation b? _______

c. ____ BaO2(s) + ____ H2SO4(aq) → ____ BaSO4(s) + ____ H2O2(aq)

What is the sum of the coefficients in equation c? _______

d. ____ Li2O(s) + ____ H2O(l) → ____ LiOH(aq)

What is the sum of the coefficients in equation d? _______

e. ____ Co(NO3)3(aq) + ____ (NH4)2S(aq) → ____ Co2S3(s) + ____ NH4NO3(aq)

What is the sum of the coefficients in equation b? _______

2. For each of the following chemical reactions, write a balanced molecular

equation. Be sure to show the state of each reactant and product.
a. Solid lead (II) sulfide reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to form solid
lead (II) chloride and dihydrogen sulfide gas.

b. Solid iron(III) oxide reacts with hydrogen gas to form solid iron and liquid
water.

c. Solid calcium reacts with aqueous nitric acid to form aqueous calcium
nitrate and hydrogen gas.
Enthalpy of Reaction
• Learning Objectives:
o Differentiate between the endothermic process of bond breaking and the
exothermic process of bond formation
o Associate an endothermic and exothermic chemical reaction with their
related energy diagram
o Understand how a chemical reaction is related to an energy diagram
1. Draw Lewis structures and calculate the enthalpy change for the following
reactions using the average bond energies in the table below. Also sketch a
energy diagram for each reaction based on the calculated values.

a. H2(g) + F2(g) → 2HF(g)

Reactants Products

Lewis Structures

Bond Energies

Enthalpy of Reaction

Energy Diagram
b. 2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)
Reactants Products

Lewis Structures

Bond Energies

Enthalpy of Reaction

Energy Diagram

c. CH4(g) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + 3H2(g)

Reactants Products

Lewis Structures

Bond Energies

Enthalpy of Reaction

Energy Diagram
d. C3H4(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g)
Reactants Products

Lewis Structures

Bond Energies

Enthalpy of Reaction

Energy Diagram

Types of Reactions
• Learning Objectives:
o Identify a synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and double
replacement reaction
o Describe how elements are rearranged during each type of reaction
o Use the given reactants in a double replacement reaction to predict the
possible products
o Calculate the oxidation numbers of elements in compounds and ions
o Predict the products of a combustion reaction
o Write a chemical equation for a reaction that produces a precipitate
o Understand the components described by a net ionic equation
o Create particle diagrams for solutions containing dissociated ions
o Apply solubility rules to the outcome of a chemical reaction
o Draw accurate particle diagrams for reactions that include aqueous
species and formed precipitates
o Determine whether a single displacement reaction will occur
o Accurately represent the activity of a single displacement reaction
occurring at the molecular level
o Describe each type of chemical reaction
o Differentiate between the types of chemical reactions
o Recognize when a chemical change takes place
 Use observations of chemical reactions to categorize them
 Apply common lab tests to identify products and types of reactions
General Reaction Classification
1. Assume that Q, T, X, and Z are symbols for elements. Match each equation in
Column A with the reaction type it represents in Column B.

Answer Column A Column B

Q + XZ → X + QZ A. decomposition

Q + Z → QZ B. double replacement

QT → Q + T C. single replacement

QT + XZ→ QZ + XT D. synthesis

2. Classify each chemical reaction as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement,

or double replacement.

a. K2S(aq) + Co(NO3)2(aq) → 2KNO3(aq) + CoS(s)

b. 3H2(g) + N2(g) → 2NH3(g)

c. Zn(s) + CoCl2(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + Co(s)

d. CH3Br(g) → CH3(g) + Br(g)

e. 2Na2O(s) + O2(g) → 2Na2O2

Oxidation Numbers
1. What is the oxidation state of sulfur in H2SO4?

2. What is the oxidation number of chromium in calcium dichromate?

3. What is the oxidation state of nitrogen in HNO3?

4. What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in sodium hydride?

5. What is the oxidation number of zinc in the ion Zn(OH)42-?

6. What is the oxidation number of chlorine in the perchlorate ion?

7. Which of the following molecules contains an atom with an oxidation state of

+6? HBrO2, HClO4, C6H12O6, HNO3, K2CrO4
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
1. How can a redox reaction be identified?

2. Which types of reactions are always redox reactions?

3. Which of the following reactions are redox reactions? Write the half reactions
and net ionic equations for reactions that are classified as redox processes.
a. Al(s) + 3Ag+(aq) → Al3+(aq) + 3Ag(s)

b. 4K(s) + O2(g) → 2K2O(s)

c. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)

d. Mg(s) + Br2(l) → MgBr2(s)

Precipitation Reactions
1. Is each compound soluble or insoluble. If soluble, identify the ions present in
the solution.
a. NaC2H3O2 e. (NH4)2S

b. Sn(NO3)2 f. CuCO3

c. AgI g. ZnS

d. Na3PO4 h. Pb(C2H3O2)2
2. Complete and balance each equation. If no reaction occurs, write NR.

a. ____KI(aq) + ____BaS(aq) →

b. ____K2SO4(aq) + ____BaBr2(aq) →

c. ____NaCl(aq) + ____Hg2(C2H3O2)2(aq) →

d. ____NaC2H3O2(aq) + ____Pb(NO3)2(aq) →

3. Write a balanced molecular equation for the precipitation reactions that occur (if
any) when each pair of solutions is mixed. If no reaction occurs, write NR.
a. sodium carbonate and lead(II) nitrate

b. potassium sulfate and lead(II) acetate

c. copper(II) nitrate and barium sulfide

d. calcium nitrate and sodium iodide

4. Write balanced full and net ionic equations for each of the following reactions.
a. AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + KNO3(aq)

b. HI(aq) + KOH(aq) → H2O(l) + KI(aq)

c. Acetic acid reacts with a solution of sodium carbonate to produce water,

carbon dioxide gas, and a solution of sodium acetate.
Acid-Base Reactions
1. How can you identify if a substance is an acid or a base?

2. Complete and balance each equation.

a. ____HCl(aq) + ____Ba(OH)2(aq) →

b. ____H2SO4(aq) + ____KOH →

c. ____NaOH(aq) + ____HC2H3O2 →
3. Write balanced molecular equations for each acid-base reaction.
a. perchloric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide

b. sulfuric acid and aqueous barium hydroxide

4. Fill in the table below to summarize the color changes of three commonly-used
indicators.

Blue Litmus Red Litmus Phenolphthalein

test with acid

test with base

5. You have four substances each mixed with water:

◾sodium hydroxide ◾sodium chloride ◾glucose ◾hydrochloric acid

They are all unlabeled, so to determine which is which, you preform conductivity
and litmus tests. The table below shows your findings. Determine what each
substance is and explain how you came to this conclusion.

Red Blue
Sample Conductivity Substance Explanation
Litmus Litmus

1 Red Red Yes

2 Red Blue Yes

3 Blue Blue Yes

4 Red Blue No
Gas Producing Reactions
1. What are the five gases that are commonly produced during gas producing
reactions?

2. Which compounds will typically decompose into gases once they are formed in
solution?

3. Complete and balance each equation.

a. ____HBr(aq) + ____NaHCO3(aq) →

b. ____NH4I(aq) + ____KOH(aq) →

c. ____HNO3(aq) + ____K2SO3(aq) →

d. ____HI(aq) + ____Li2S(aq) →
4. Write a balanced molecular equation for each gas producing reaction.
a. Perchloric acid and aqueous potassium carbonate

b. Acetic acid and aqueous lithium hydrogen sulfite

5. Describe the chemical analysis technique used for each gas and the expected
result of a positive test.
Gas Chemical Analysis Positive Test Result

H2

O2

CO2

NH3

SO2
Combustion Reactions
1. What three things are needed for combustion to occur?

2. Methane, propane, and gasoline are all examples of hydrocarbons. What is a

hydrocarbon?

3. Combustion reactions are examples of what type of reaction?

4. What chemical analysis tests can be used to monitor the formation of the
products in a combustion reaction?

5. Write balanced molecular equations for the combustion of the following

hydrocarbons.
a. Octane (C8H18)

b. Kerosene (C13H28)

c. Acetylene (C2H2)

d. Paraffin Wax (C25H52)

Overall Review
1. Predict the products for each reaction and write a balanced chemical equation if
it takes place. Classify each reaction in as many ways as possible.

a. ____HBr(aq) + KOH(aq) →

b. ____CsOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) →

c. ____Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) →
d. ____Ba(NO3)2(aq) + NaCl(aq) →

e. ____NH4Cl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2 →

f. ____KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) →

g. ____C2H2(g) + O2(g) →

h. A solution of sodium iodide is mixed with a solution of lead(II) acetate.

i. A solution of sodium sulfide is combined with aqueous copper(II) nitrate.

j. Solid zinc is mixed with a solution of nickel(II) bromide.

k. Nitric acid is added to a solution of sodium carbonate.

l. Solutions of phosphoric acid and lithium hydroxide are mixed.