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ELECTRICITY
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
•Electricity is a form of energy
•It is caused by a flow of tiny particles
called ELECTRONS through a material.
What is ELECTRICAL CHARGE?
Electrons are the charge carriers that flow
in an electrical circuit – from the NEGATIVE
to POSITIVE terminals.
Electricity is a flow of ELECTRIC
CHARGES along a wire.
Charge is measured in
Coulomb
which is given the symbol
C
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
• Electric charges are
called electric
current.
• Free electrons
continuously move to
spaces where electrons
are missing.
ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES
ELECTRIC CURRENT (I)
• is the flow of electrons through a conductor per unit
time.
• measured in the unit AMPERE (A)
Named after Andre-Marie
Ampere, a French physicist who
made important contributions to the
theory of electricity and magnetism
VOLTAGE (V)
• the energy in electric circuits that moves the charges
in a circuit
• Measure by VOLTS (V)
Named after the Italian
physicist Alessandro
dry cell wet cell
Volta who invented the
contain
voltaic pile, the
electrolyte forerunner of what we
the conducting now call the dry cell
medium
RESISTANCE
• the hindrance to the electric charges that flow
through the wire and loads
• measured in the unit OHM (Ω)
Named after the
German physicist
Georg Simon Ohm
OHM’S LAW
• Voltage, current and resistance are electrical
quantities closely related to each other. Their
relationship was established by Georg Simon
Ohm.
•Relationship between current, voltage
and resistance.
• Ohm’s law states: “The current through an ideal
conductor is proportional to the voltage across
it.”
V = voltage, I = current and R = resistance
Current – Voltage Relationship
• The electric current in the circuit is INVERSELY
PROPORTIONAL to the RESISTANCE.
• A multi –
tester is use
to measure
voltage,
current and
resistance of
a circuit.
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SERIES AND
PARALLEL
CIRCUITS
A circuit is an electrical device that provides a
path for electricity to flow.
• Load
• Battery
• Path
• It refers to the HEAVY
CURRENT (a very low
resistance path exists
between from one
side of the voltage
source to the other
side, large current
ensues ).
• TOO MUCH CURRENT
• A complete /closed circuit is
where all the components of a
circuit are joined up and there
are NO GAPS
• The pathway for electricity is
COMPLETE
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Path
Source Load
Switch
Scientists usually draw electric circuits using
symbols.
1. Switch Controls or regulates the
flow of charges
Path where the charges can
2. Path/Wire flow
Provides the electric force/
pressure for the charges to
3. Cell/Source flow
Any device that
4. Load consumes/uses the
electrical energy
SERIES CIRCUIT
• There is ONLY ONE PATHWAY in series circuit.
• The current flowing in one bulb is the same
to the current flowing through the
other bulbs.
• When one bulb is removed,
the remaining bulbs will NOT LIGHT.
That is, the remaining bulbs did not
light because the circuit is open or the
flow of current is cut off.
• The bulbs become DIMMER when
Another bulb is added..
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
• There are SEVERAL / MANY paths in a parallel
circuit.
• The voltage across each bulb is the same.
• When one bulb is removed, the other bulbs
remain lighted.
• The remaining bulbs still light up because the
circuit is still closed or there are still continuous
conducting paths.
• When another bulb is added, the brightness of
each bulbs remains the same.
CIRCUIT
OVERLOAD
• Circuit overloading occurs
when too many appliances are
connected in parallel where
the total current increase to
dangerous level.
• OCTOPUS WIRING - is the
overusing of convenience
outlets and extension cords
that could lead to circuit over
loading.
To prevent this from happening,
• Avoid octopus connection (i.e., connecting several devices in a
single electrical line),
• Avoid using loose or corroded electrical wings and
connections.
• Use circuit breakers or circuit fuse, and
• Use bigger wires for electrical wirings.
CIRCUIT BREAKER / FUSE
It is like an electrical safety
valve. It works by cutting
the circuit off the moment
the current in the circuit
increases to the maximum
capacity of the wire (over
heating).
1. In a simple circuit, what happens to the light bulb if you added another
battery?
A. gets brighter B. gets dimmer C. just the same D. will burn out
2. Which tool is used to measure the voltage, resistance, and current of a
circuit?
A. Volt-Ohm-Meter C. Ohmmeter
B. Micrometer D. Multi-Tester
3. In our household circuit, which of the following electric components is
utilized to avoid overheating?
A. Fuse B. Plug C. Switch D. Transformer
4. Which of the following BEST describes a series circuit?
A. Current flows along one pathway.
B. Current flows along many pathways.
C. The flow of current comes from the switch.
D. The flow of current comes from the light bulb.
5. If one bulb of Christmas lights, connected in series is burned out,
what will happen to the other light bulbs?
A. All other bulbs will no longer work.
B. All other bulbs will continue to light.
C. The brightness of the bulbs will increase.
D. The brightness of the bulbs will decrease.
