English - Balasaheb Bodkhe

Articles
Articles
Boy, girl, city, river gold, copper, sugar, rice
Sachin, India, Delhi, class, team, flock, herd
,love, virtue, poverty, honesty, humanity

I, We, You, He, She, It, They, My, Me, Your

brown, black, some, five, good, intelligent

Go, Play, Laugh, Cry, Sing, Beat, Walk , Run

Beautifully , Clearly , Smartly, Wisely ,
Slowly.
e.g. Virat plays smartly.
within, during, until, from, since, for, at, after, before,
by, till behind, amongst, amidst, in, on, beside, under,
over, above, below, in front of, between, among, amid
,across, down, to, towards, along, against, up, with, off,
of, about, besides, around, except, without etc.

And, or , either….or, but, as well as atc.

Bravo!, Oh !, Alas ! , Hurrah ! Hey !

Article …………..Noun
Articles

Indefinite Definite
Pen car FIR
Table inkpot H.M.T.
European one eyed man L.L.B.
Union computer M.B.A.

One rupee note unique B.A.

Hour universal P.S.I.
Honourable man umbrella S.T.I.
Orrange utensil S.P.
Elephant unseen N.I.A.
Uniform owl X-RAY
University orphan M.L.A.
Intelligent girl umpire M.P.
Ox Ass
Definite Article- “The”
Match the following underlined words with their parts of speech.

a) They are men of like build and stature i) Noun

b) Like as a father pitieth his own children ii) Verb
c) Children like sweets iii) Adverb
d) We shall not see his like again iv) Adjective
e) Don't talk like that v) Preposition
Answer options:
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
1) iv iii ii i v
2) iii iv v ii i
3) iv v i ii iii
4) ii i iv iii v
Identify the part of speech of the underlined word:

He is an idle boy, he does not work.

1) Noun
2) Verb
3) Adjective
4) Adverb
Identify the parts of speech of the underlined word:
He is a fast talker.
I was observing a fast.
Muslims fast during the Ramadhan.
She drove fast.
Answer options Respectively
1) Adjective, adverb, noun, verb
2) Adverb, verb, noun, adjective
3) Adjective, noun, verb, adverb
4) Adjective, noun, adverb, verb
Recognise the part of speech of the underlined word:

'It's twenty years since I have seen her.'

1) preposition
2) conjunction
3) adverb
4) pronoun
It had rained before we reached home.
Complete the following sentence with the correct
alternative.
The word 'before' used in this sentence is
1) preposition
2) conjunction
3) adverb
4) adjective
Do not play foul or you may regret your actions later.
Identify the part of speech of the underlined Word.

1) Verb
2) Noun
3) Adjective
4) Adverb
Maguu's achievements are particularly noteworthy.
Identify the part of speech of the underlined word.

1) Noun
2) Adverb
3) Adjective
4) Verb
S V O

Rohan is present
He is present

Sing. Subject Sing. Verb

Plural Subject Plural Verb

Noun + s/es Plural noun

boy + s boys

finger + s fingers

girl + s girls

box + es boxes

bench + es benches
Verb + s/es Singular verb

play + s plays

write + s writes

do + es does

go + es goes

sing + s sings
रामबाण फॉमला
ु
Chotu do his work carefully.

The students comes late.

Milk cost more these days.

Sunita sing very well.

1) Singular Subject…………..Singular Verb
1) Amitabh play cricket.

2) Namo adress to the people of Maharashtra.

3) Ramdas Athwale create instant poems.

4) The bowler throw the ball.

5) The batsman hit the ball

2) Plural Subject…………..Plural Verb
1) Boys plays cricket.
2) The ministers claims about the development
achieved by the government.

3) The actresses flaunts themselves in the party.

4) The children demands firecrackers in Diwali.

रामबाण फॉमला
ु
Pronoun Tense Verbs Fix Pattern
I Am I-
We Is We-
You Are You -
He Was He / She / It -
She Were
It Has They-
They Have A boy-
A boy Had Boys-
Boys Does Did /
Do V2
Singular Singular
Verb
Subject 1st Subject 2nd

1) Chinku and Pinku is present in the party.

2) The player and the actress was chatting

surreptitiously.
Singular Singular
Verb
Subject 1st Subject 2nd
1) Bread and butter are a good breakfast.

2) Rice and pulse are a heavy food.

3) Whisky and Soda are a popular drink in India.

The manager, director and financer of this company are very
honest.

The manager, the director and the financer of this company

are very honest.
1) Rohan of the boys are coming.

2) Principal along with teachers have gone to

meeting.

S + Noun + Noun + Noun ------ Verb

Noun 1 Noun 2

1) The girls in my class is very beautiful.

2) The boys in my class are very stupid.

3) The Prime Minister of India are very laborious.

VERB
There are five forms of verbs.

V1 – Present + Plural

V2 – Past verb

V3 – Adjective / Perfect

V4 – Noun / Continuous

V5 – Present + Singular verb

Verb
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
Write Wrote Written Writing Writes
Speak Spoke Spoken Speaking Speaks
Go Went Gone Going Goes
Eat Ate Eaten Eating Eats
Come Came Come Coming Comes
Put Put Put Putting Puts
Mollify Mollified Mollified Mollifing Mollifies
Guess the tense.
Rohinee is teaching her students.

I have been waiting for them for 2 years.

Rohan eats with his left hand. ...

We have learnt our lessons. ...

Rohinee has had his breakfast. ...

The chief guest addressed the gathering.

They had been walking since 2005.

They will have learnt their lessons.

They searched far and wide.

I will rescue the child.

The children chased the dogs.

The sun will get hotter & hotter at the center.

 She recognized him at once.

 I have been waiting for him since morning.

They have already left.

Iran has declared war on Israel.

She was working on her computer.

Birds live in nests.

The child was sleeping soundly.

I will be waiting for you.

I will set you free.

They will have finished the job.

Evergreen Concept Application Of Tenses -1

Have
S -- Has ---- V3
Had

1) Sheetal has ate an apple.

2) Gopal had depress Sanjay.
Evergreen Concept
Application Of Tenses 2:

Present Past

v1
Type : Type :

Can Could
Shall Should
Will Would
May Might
Must Must
Do/Does Did
Evergreen Concept
Application Of Tenses-3
1. Noun -
Kinds of Noun

Caste Count Gender Structure Number

Common CountableMasculine Plural

Common Singular
Abstract Feminine Neuter
Proper Collective Uncountable
Material Single Compound
P - Proper Noun Golu
C - Common Noun Boy
C - Collective Noun Class
M - Material Noun Gold
A - Abstract Noun Satisfaction
a) Capital letter.

b) Article Rohan

c) Singular

e.g. i) niraj is a smart boy .

ii) A Niraj is a smart boy .
iii) Niraj are a smart boy .
iv) Niraj is a smart boy .
d) If a place name (proper name) denotes a team
it becomes plural and gets plural verb

i) India are batting first in this match

ii) The India is batting first in this match

iii) The India are batting first in this match

Note – the
e) A study subject (proper noun) is Singular and gets
Singular verb.

e.g. i) Mathematics are a difficult game.

ii) Mathematics is a difficult game .

#eele
e.g. i) The mathematics of Aliya Bhat is very weak.

ii) The mathematics of Aliya Bhat are very weak.

2) Common Noun :

A Common noun is a name given commonly to caste and

community.

e.g. Boy ,Man, Woman, Cat, etc.

Facts -
a) singular or plural

b) If singular…. must get article before it.

c) Generally article is avoided with a common noun

plural number.

Boy
i) Pen is running well.

ii) The pen are running well.

iii) The pen is running well.

iv) Pens are running well.

3) Collective Noun :
A Collective noun is a special name of a collection.
e.g. Luggage, Machinery, Committee, Cattle etc.
It is divided into three parts.

Generalizing C.N.

Group C.N.

Distributive C.N.
a) Generalizing collective noun :
A collection that is made of different kinds of
members is called as Generalizing collective noun.

e.g. Machinery , Crockery , Luggage , Grocery ,

Furniture etc.
Note :
a) It is always singular and gets singular verb.

b) It can't get "s" & "es" with itself.

i) The machinery are very old

ii) The machineries is very old

iii) The machinery is very old

b) Group Collective noun :
A collection that is made of the same kinds of
members is called as Group collective noun.

People , Assembly , Family, Crew , Public etc.

a) is plural and gets plural verb.

b) 's' and 'es' can't be used with it.

i) The people of this company is very supportive

ii) The people of this company are very supportive

iii) The people of this company are very supportive

c) Distributive collective noun –

A collective that's members are either unanimous or

different in opinion. There is no certainty for it is called
distributive collective noun.

e.g. Union, Committee, Parliament etc.

Note :
a) If its members are unanimous it becomes singular
and gets singular verb.

i) The committee have taken a serious decision.

b) If its members are different in opinion it becomes
plural and gets plural verb.

i) The committee has not taken any serious

decision.

c) It can't get 's' & 'es' with it.

4) Material Noun :

A material noun is the name of a thing that is

either measure or weighed but can't be
counted.

Sugar, Salt, Rice, Gold, Silver etc.

Facts :

a) It is singular and gets singular verb.

b) Generally article doesn't come before it.

c) "Dregs" is only material noun that is plural and gets

plural verb.

Note : ue#eele Demeg Åee keâer meeceevÙe MeyoØeÙeesieele 'dreg' Ûee Jeehej nesle veener.
i) Gold are a lustrous metal.

ii) The gold is a lustrous metal.

iii) Gold is a lustrous metal.

5) Abstract Noun :

A noun that can be neither seen nor touched that is

only felt is called as abstract noun.

e.g. Goodness , Honesty, Truth, Danger, Happiness etc.

Facts :

a) It is always singular and gets singular verb.

b) Generally article doesn't come before it.

i) Honesty are good quality.

ii) A honesty is a good quality.
iii) Honesty is a good quality.
Which of the following is a count noun?

1) happiness
2) sunshine
3) mile
4) gold
Identify the sentences having abstract noun/ s in them.

a) He had no friends or relations and lived in

solitude.
b) We were rivals, but I felt no enmity for her.
c) Their navy consists of over sixty ships.

Answer options:
1) (a) and (b) only 2) (a) and (c) only
3) (b) and (c) only 4) (a), (b) and (c)
Match the following.
a. King i) Proper noun
b. Action ii) Collective noun
c. Fleet iii) Abstract noun
d. Ashoka iv) Common noun

Answer options:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1) i ii iii iv
2) ii i iii iv
3) iv iii ii i
4) i ii iv iii
What type of noun is the underlined word?
His sight is keen.
a) common b) abstract
c) material d) collective
Answer options:
1) (a) only 2) (d) only
3) (b) only 4) (d) and (c) only
Which of the following is an abstract noun?

1) Bread
2) Coffee
3) cheese
4) happiness
Parents know the pains of parenting.

Identify the type of the underlined nouns.

1) Common, Collective
2) Collective, Proper
3) Common, Abstract
4) Collective, Abstract
What type of noun is the underlined word?
Wisdom is better than strength.
1) Common noun
2) Proper noun
3) Collective noun
4) Abstract noun
Pronoun
A word used at the place of Noun is called Pronoun.
e.g. He, She, You etc.
1) PERSONAL PRONOUN :

Personal Pronouns stands for three persons

Subjective Case Objective Case Possessive Case
I Me My / Mine
You You Your / Yours
He / She / It Him / Her / It His / Her / Its
We Us Our / Ours
You You Your / Yours
They Them Their / Theirs
Who Whom Whose
2. REFLEXIVE PRONOUN :

A word used at the place of noun that reflects the work

of subject to the subject is called reflexive pronoun.

e.g. myself, yourself, himself etc.

Facts:
a) Each and every personal pronoun gets its
particular reflexive form.

 Note ….. one – oneself

3. INDEFINITE PRONOUN :

A word used at the place of noun that shows the

indefinite number or quantity of the noun is called
indefinite pronoun.

e.g. All, Some, Most, Many, Much etc.

All
c) ue#eele Demeg Åee keâer Pronoun pÙeebÛee MesJeš 'one, body, thing' ves neslees les
megæe indefinite pronoun ceOÙes oMe&efJeuÙee peeleele cnCegve lÙeebÛee verb vesnceer
singular efouÙee peelees.

Someone, Somebody, Something, anyone, anybody,

anything, No one, Nobody, Nothing etc.

Someone are calling you outside the building.

4. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN :

A word used at the place of noun that demonstrates the

noun is called demonstrative pronoun.

e.g. This, That These and Those.

5. Emphatic Pronoun :

A word used at the place of noun that emphasises a

noun is called emphatic pronoun.

I-myself,
We – ourselves
You –yourself / yourselves
He - himself
She – herself
It – itself
They – themselves etc.
6. Relative Pronoun :

A word used at the place of noun that makes relation of

the noun is called relative pronoun.

e.g. who, which, what, whom, that etc.

Only / None gets relative that after itself.

Manish Sisodiyan is only minister that can achieve

this miracle.
who, which, that ÛÙee veblej verb keâeÙe Demesue ns
depend keâjsue keâer who, which, that ÛÙee Deieesoj
ueiesÛe ueeietve Subject keâeÙe Deens.

Who
Subject Which Verb
That
A relative pronoun gets verb after itself according to
the noun or pronoun for which it is used.

The boy who is honest is my brother. P

The boys who are honest are my brothers. P

The pens that are red are running well. P

I who am a good student can solve this question . P

7. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN :

A word used at the place of noun that arises question

for the noun is called interrogative pronoun.

e.g. who, which, what, whom, etc.

Which

Human
and
Neuter
Who of the players can score century ?
Gender
Which of the players can score century ?
What of the cars performing well?
Which of the cars is performing well?
8. DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN :

A word used at the place of noun that shows the

noun in distributive way is called distributive
pronoun.

e.g. each, either, neither. .... etc.

1. It is singular and gets singular verb.

Everyone are ready to go there.

2. Two distributives connected with 'and' also make

singular form and gets singular verb.

Each and everyone are ready to go there.

Some Important use of Pronoun

1. Either Any or Anyone

1 1
2 >2

Any of the two students can solve this questions.

Either of the five students can solve this questions.

2. Neither None

Neither of the ten students can solve this questions.

None of the ten students can solve this questions.

3. Each-other one another

Lalu and Nitish criticize one-another in this election.

Lalu, Nitish and Sonia criticize each other in this

election.
 Find out objective personal pronouns from the
following :
I, we, my, our, me, these, us, you, them, your
1) I, we, my, our, these 2) I, we, my, your
3) Me, us, them, you 4) None of the above
 Complete the sentence with who, which, whom
or what.
.............. of them broke the window?
1) Who 2) Whom
3) What 4) Which
 He and his five brothers love ............ very
much.
Which one of the following pronouns correctly
fills in the blank in the sentence above?
1) each other 2) themselves
3) one another 4) one other
 Fill in the blank by choosing the correct
alternative:
Is that my book, or is it ......... ?
1) Your 2) Your's
3) Yours 4) Your's book
 The small child was crying for ......... mother.

Fill in the blank with correct pronoun.

1) her 2) his
3) its 4) my
 Choose the correct pronouns to fill in the
blanks:
a) Every student passed ........ examination.
b) Everyone had to show ........ ticket.
c) We have lost ........ dog.
Answer question:
1) his, his, our 2) their, his, our
3) his, their, our 4) his, his, ours
 Use the correct pronoun for the underlined
noun in the following sentence:
Lal Bahadur Shastri went to Tashkent and signed
a Peace Treaty.
1) They 2) It
3) He 4) She
 Identify the type of pronoun underlined.
I have completed it myself.
1) Distributive 2) Emphatic
3) Reflexive 4) Relative
 Recognise the type of pronoun of the
underlined word:
'He saw himself in the mirror.'
1) Personal pronoun
2) Possessive pronoun
3) Indefinite pronoun
4) Reflexive pronoun
 Mohan himself caught the thief.
Identify the type of pronoun underlined.
1) Reflexive 2) Emphatic
3) Possessive 4) Indefinite
 I have done this work myself.
Identify the type of underlined pronoun in the
above sentence.
1) Relative 2) Reflexive
3) Emphatic 4) Personal
 Identify the type of pronoun in the following
sentence.
Akbar punished himself.
a) demonstrative b) relative
c) reflexive d) emphatic
Answer options:
1) (a) and (c) only 2) (b) only
3) (c) only 4) (c) and (d) only
 Find out the correct form of pronoun of the
underlined word.
He himself told me about you.
1) Reflexive 2) Emphatic
3) Relative 4) Demonstrative
Sonakshi was a fat actress.
Kaitrina is a smart boy.
Ranccho was a wise boy.
Monika is a beautiful girl.
Indrani was a hazardous woman.
Jon is a girlish boy.
Parinita chopra is a heartbroken girl.
Sanjay Babu is a depressed person.

It is a wine.
Where is a wine shop ?
Are you a blind man?
The place where you are standing
is itself a wine treasure.
Kareena has opened a betel stall.
Ranbir is a choclate hero.
I will have married an american woman.
1. Proper adjective :

e.g. The American policy,

The Indian student.
The Malaysian girlfriend.
The Maharashtrian wife. etc.
2. Interrogative adjective :

e.g. Which, what, whose etc.

Facts :
a) It comes before the noun for which it is
used.
b) It gets question mark (?) to finish its
sentence.
e.g.
Which boy can do this work ?.

Note – Who / Whom are not used as an adjective….Which

e.g.
Who student can solve this question.(W)

Which student can solve this question.(C)

3. Adjective Of Number:
e.g. One mobile , Two wickets, The third umpire.
4. Adjective Of Quantity:

e.g. much , little, a little, the little , an amount of .

Much rice is remaining in the kitchen.

Countable Cardinal
Most, All, Some,
A lot of, Lots of,
Great deal of, A
good deal of Uncountable Ordinal

All students are present today. Adjective Of

Number…Cardinal Adjective of Number
All rice is boiled in the kitchen.
5) Demonstrative Adjective :

e.g. This , That, These ,Those.

This / That is a boy.

these / Those are boys.
6) Possessive Adjective :

e.g. My, Our ,Your, Their etc.

My students are honest.

7) Distributive Adjective :

e.g. Each, Every ,Either , Neither etc.

8) Adjective Of Quality :

e.g. Good, Bad, Tall, Small etc.

1) It can be used before Noun or as the

complement of the sentence.

i) Chinki is a beautiful girl.

ii) Chinki is beautiful.
Uses of Adjectives
1) Elder Vs Older

BR

To Than
1) Mukesh Ambani is older than Anil Ambani.

2)Sharad Pawar Saheb is elder to FAD20s Saheb in

politics.

But ,
Mukesh Ambani is older than Anil Ambani for 5
years. (C)
Further Vs Farther
1) Monu has not given any farther information about
the project.
2) Kaitrina does not want any farther discussion on
her relation with Ranbir Kapoor’

3) Mumbai is further than Aurangabd from Jalna.

Many Vs Much
1 ) Rohan has many sugar.

2) Shashi Tharoor has much girlfriends.

Few A few The few

Little A little The little

Degree
DEGREE OF
ADJECTIVE
There are three types of degrees.

Positive Degree

Comparative Degree

Superlative Degree
Adj Ûeer Degree yeveJeleebvee lÙeeÛeer size ue#eele Iesleueer
heenerpes]

small High, old, late, big

Adj
Comfortable,
Large handsome,
sensible
1st 2nd 3rd
High Higher Highest
Wise Wiser Wisest
Big Bigger Biggest
Smart Smarter Smartest
Dull duller dullest
Weak weaker weakest
Pagal pagalar paglest
Note :- large adj ceOÙes more pees[uÙeeveblej 2nd &
most pees[uÙeeveblej 3rd degree ceOÙes convert nesleele]
1st 2nd 3rd
Beautiful More…….. Most….
Courageous More…….. Most….
Sensible More…….. Most….
Harmful More…….. Most….
Degree indicator :-
Than – 2nd Degree
Two – 2nd Degree
Both – 2nd Degree
Between – 2nd Degree
Among – 3rd Degree
All – 3rd Degree
1) Govinda is smart than Geeta.
2) Anushka is beautiful than Geeta.

And Ûee DeLe& ‘yejesyej ‘ Demee osKeerue neslees]

Anu is wise and taller than Karina.
Ritesh is smarter and handsome than Sachin.
oesve Meyo pÙeebÛee meceeve DeLe& neslees Demes Meyo meesyele meesyele
use kesâuÙee peele veener]
If, Supposing, Incase
Please, kindly
Return, back
As_ _ _ as, equally
comparatively, better
Approaching, near
Final, conclusion
1) If incase he does this work he will be
punished.
2) Supposing if you come here, please bring
something to eat.
3) Ramchandra has return back from picnic.
4) Please kindly repeat this sentence again.
5) The bus has retarded back.
1st 2nd 3rd
Good/well Better Best
Bad / ill Worse Worst
Little Less Least
Many More Most
Much More Most
Old Older/elder Oldest/eldest
Far Farther Farthest
Fore former Foremost/first
forbade, deny, hardly, unless, until, lest
Not / no can not be used with these words

Eg.
1) Boys can not pass unless they do not
overlook towards girls.
2) You can not pass unless you do not work
hard.
3) I deny that I have not stolen the watch.
4) They forbade me not to irritate king cobra.
Parallel construction in adjective :-
Eg.
1) The culture of India is better than
America.
2) The writing of Gita is better than Sunita.
3) The climate of Aurangabad is better than
Pune.
4) The dog of Sonali is as wise as Monali.
5) The writing of Rohit is better and more
cursive than Mohit.
Eg.
1) The climate of Aurangabad is better
than the climate of Jalna.
2) The dogs of Pune are more
dangerous than the dogs of Latur.
3) The people of India are more
intellingent than that of China.
Some
Special
Uses
After Senior, junior, superior, inferior,
posterior, anterior, prior, prefer, preferable
instead of than to is used
1) I know that Ram is junior than Shyam.
2) Mahesh feels that his shirt is superior than my
shirt.
3) The girl said that she preferred blue than black.
4) I always prefer (a) / working in a (b)/ relaxed
atmosphere than (c)/ one full of tension and
anxiety, (d)/ No error (e)
If we show "comparative plus selection" is one ratio
two (1 : 2) use preposition "Of" after a comparative
form.
Note : The
e.g.
Rohan is the smarter than Mohan and Sohan.

Rohan is the smarter of Mohan and Sohan.

e.g.
The more he gets The more he demands.

The faster you run, The quicker you reach.

The less time you take to pass exam, the earlier your
parents will think about your lagn.
Skeâe Adjective Ûeer oesve JesUsme degree yeveJet veÙes.

Eg.
1) Raju is more taller than Viju in his
group.
2) Zia is more prettier than any other girl
in her class.
3) Pankaj is the most smartest of all the
boys.
AS + 1st degree + AS

Eg.
1) Rajnikant is as tall like his brother.
2) Ram is as faster as if not faster than Ria.
3) No other man in this city is as great like
Anil.
"As + Positive degree" + As

e.g. Mohan is as smarter as Sohan.

Mohan is as smart as Sohan.

"So + positive degree + as"

e.g.

Mohan is not so smarter as Mohan.

Mohan is not so smart as Sohan.

Note : Above structure is used in negative sense.

interior, exterior, ulterior, major, minor,
empty, excellent, circular, extreme, chief,
entire, complete, final, last, round, square,
triangular, eternal, everlasting, absolute,
supreme, perfect, universal, preferable,
dead, unique, ideal, impossible.
1) This is the most unique book I have.
2) He is the most perfect player I have
seen.
Interchange
of
Degree

There are two forms of degree in uses -

1. Direct form of degree ( The best, the tallest, the

longest )

2. Indirect form of degree( One of the best , one of

the tallest, one of the longest )
Interchange of direct form -

P.D. - No other + Caste (sing.) + A.V. + as + P.D. + as + Subject

C.D. - S + A.V. + C.D. + than + Any other / All other + Caste (S/P)

S.D. - S + A.V. + the + S.D. + Caste (sing.)

e.g.
No other student is as smart as Ram. (P.D.)
Ram is smarter than any other student. (C.D.)
Ram is the smartest student. (S.D.)

Mohan is the most intelligent boy in my village.

Mohan is more intelligent than any other boy in my
village.
No other boy is as intelligent as Mohan in my village.
Interchange of indirect form :

P.D. - Very few + Caste (plu.) + A.V. + as + P.D. + as + subject

C.D. - S + A.V. + C.D. + than + most other + Caste (plu.)

S.D. - S + A.V. + one + of + the + S.D. + Caste (plu.)

e.g.
Very few students are as smart as Ram.
Ram is smarter than most other students.
Ram is one of the smartest students.

Mohan is richer than most other persons of my village.

Very few persons of my village are as rich as Mohan.
Mohan is one of the richest person in my village.
Indira Gandhi was one of the greatest women in India.

Choose the correct alternative that transforms the

above sentence into positive degree.
1) No other woman in India was as great as Indira
Gandhi.
2) Very few women in India were as great as Indira
Gandhi.
3) Indira Gandhi was as great as any other women
in India.
4) Indira Gandhi was greater than all other women
in India.
Ashoka was one of the greatest Indian rulers.
Identify the correct positive degree of the above
sentence.

1) Very few indian rulers were as great as Ashoka.

2) No other indian ruler was as great as Ashoka.
3) Some indian rulers were as great as Ashoka.
4) Ashoka was greater than many other rulers in
India.
Arsenic is an extremely poisonous element.
Identify the correct positive degree of the
above sentence.
1) Arsenic is a highly poisonous element.
2) Arsenic is one of the highly poisonous
element.
3) Very few elements are as poisonous as
Arsenic.
4) Most of the elements are less poisonous
than Arsenic.
Positive degree:
a. No other metal is as heavy as lead.
Comparative degree:
b. Lead is heavier than any other metal.
Answer options:
1) Only a is correct
2) Only b is correct
3) Both a and b are correct
4) None of the above
Fill in the blank with the grammatically correct option:

Between the two, ...........

1) he runs fastest
2) he runs the fastest
3) he runs faster
4) he runs very fast
Find out the incorrect sentence/s :

a. He was as white as a sheet.

b. It was more expensive than I thought.
c. This is the most oldest theatre in London.
d. She is one of the kindest woman.
Answer options:
1) c and d 2) b only
3) b and c 4) a and d
Choose the correct positive degree of the sentence
below:
Shakespeare was the greatest English poet.
1) All English poets were not great.
2) Shakespeare was a great Poet.
3) None of the poets were greater than
Shakespeare.
4) Shakespeare was greatest.
Very few flowers are as lovely as the rose.

Identify the correct comparative degree of the above

sentence.
1) Rose is lovelier than many other flowers.
2) Rose is lovelier than most other flowers.
3) Rose is more lovely than many other
flower.
4) Rose is lovelier than any other flower.
Swimming is the best exercise.
Select the correct form of positive degree of the
above sentence.
a. No other exercise is as good as swimming.
b. Very few exercises are as good as swimming.
Answer options:
1) Only a 2) Only b
3) Both 4) Neither
Kolkata is more populous than most other cities of India.

Which of the following option is correctly converted from

the above sentence.
1) Kolkata is the most popular city of India.
2) There is no other city in India as populous as
Kolkata.
3) Some other cities of India are not more populous
than Kolkata.
4) Kolkata is one of the most populous cities of India
Conjunction joins words, phrases or
sentences together.

Eg.
1) Ritesh and Himesh are friends.
2) Dipika is tall and brave.
3) Pankaj and he are good.
4) She and he are present.
5) Ajay has a book and Kajol will read it.
S + V + Conj + S + V
Eg.
1) I know that Kumar will pass.
2) Sohan will pass as he works hard
Because = as = for

prep N/P
For
conj S+V
Eg.
1) This book is for Arun.
2) This book is expensive for it is printed in English.
Co –ordinating Joins two same kinds of
Parts Of Speech
Kaitrina and Deepika are fighting.

Sub –ordinating Joins 2 different kinds of

Parts Of Speech / Sent.
He asked me if I had seen the Taj.
Comes in pair to join 2
Co –relative
similar kinds of Parts Of
Speech / Sent.

Rohan is not only smart but also intelligent

1) Co –ordinating Conjunction –

Joins two same kinds of Parts Of Speech

e.g. For, And, Neither , But, Or, Yet, So etc.

a) Rohan and Sohan are wise.

b) Kaitrina and Deepika are fighting.
c) Chinki or Minki will marry to him.
2) Sub –ordinating Conjunction –

Joins 2 different kinds of Parts Of Speech / Sent.

e.g. If , Whether, Unless, Until, When , lest etc.

a) He asked me if I had seen the Taj.

3) Co –relative Conjunction –

Comes in pair to join 2 similar kinds of Parts Of

Speech / Sent.

e.g. Either….Or, Neither…Nor, Not only ….But also

etc.

a) Rohan is not only smart but also intelligent.

b) Pakistan is not only unstable but also insolvent.
Use of
Conjunction
Either -------------------- or
Neither -------------------- nor
Not either -------------------- or
No / Not / Never -------------------- or
Whether -------------------- or
Both -------------------- and
Between -------------------- and
Doubt / Doubtful -------------------- whether
The reason -------------------- why
As -------------------- as
So -------------------- as
Rather -------------------- than
Though/ although -------------------- yet
As though / even though -------------------- yet
No one / Nothing / Nobody -------------------- but
Not only -------------------- But also
No sooner -------------------- than
Hardly / Barely -------------------- when
Scarcely -------------------- when
Note –
1) Seldom or never is used not seldom or ever
2) Seldom if ever is used not seldom if never
1) ChinkuPinku can either sing nor dance.

2) Pappu can neither sing or dance.

3) His girlfriend has given him not either mobile nor

gold chain.
Parallel construction :

Not only noun But also noun

1) Anamika not only has a book but also

a pen.
2) Deepika not only is courageous but if
intelligent.
And आण
Both ……And दो ह ह
As well as याबरोबर तेह
Not only ……but also फ त हे च नाह तर तेसु धा
But परं तु
Neither … or हे ह नाह व ते ह नाह
Or ( कंवा / नाह तर / अ यथा )
Else अ यथा / शवाय
Otherwise नाह तर
Yet अ याप / तर सु धा
Only केवळ / फ त
However तर पण
So हणन
ू
For या साठ / कारणा तव
Therefore हणन
ू
Hence कारणा तव / हणून
As soon as या ण - या ण
When जे हा – ते हा
No sooner … than या पे ा अ धक लवकर
नाह
Hardly / scarcely …when होते न होते तोच
Whenever जे हा जे हा
While या दर यान
Before या पूव
Till पयत
Because कारण क
Since कारणक / हणन
ू / पासन
ू
Lest न हावे हणन
ू / घडू नये हणन
ू
So that कारण क
So…… that इतके क Rohan studied hard so
that he could get
If जर- तर good marks.
That क
Though / Although जर -तर
Than या पे ा
As / so... as या सारखे या इतके
Still तर सु दा
Where जेथे क
Who क / जी /जो / जे
Which क - जे / जी / जो
Whom क / याला / िजला / यांना
Whose क / याचे / िजचे
Whereas दस
ु या बाजल ू ा
Adverb

Adjective Noun

Adverb Verb
Eg.
1) I never tell a lie.
2) Virat seldom writes letters.
3) She always respects others.
4) They hardly eat mangoes.
5) I regularly memories words.
6) Ram has never eaten a softy / pizza.
a Noun

a Adj Noun

a Adv Adj Noun

1) Priya is a real good girl.

2) I am a high talented boy.

3) This is a really important question.

4) Nisha is an extreme beautiful girl.

Manner
Interrogative
Place

Reason
Adverb
Time

Purpose
Degree
Frequency
1) Adverb of Manner :
How
1) Pinki is writing clearly.
2) Archi drove bullet fearlessly.
3) Our brave soldiers carried out Surgical attack
surreptitiously.

Narendra Modi
speaks fluently.
2) Adverb of Place :
Where
1) Rohan will seat here.
2) He will go there.
3) Narendra Modi visited U.S.A.
4) The couple is present in the garden.
3) Adverb of Time :
When
1) He will come today.

Today , Yesterday, Tomorrow, Next day, Previous

day etc.
4) Adverb of Degree :
How
1) Basanti speaks too much. much

Much, Too much, So much, Very much etc.

5) Adverb of Frequency : How
Often
e.g. 1st time, 2nd time, 3rd time, Always, Seldom,
Never , Often etc.

1) He came thrice on the stage.

It becomes the answer of the question with ‘ how

often’
6) Adverb of Purpose : For
What
e.g. To play, To dance, To sing etc.

1) He is going to dance.
7) Adverb of Reason : Why

e.g. Due to , Owing to , Since, Because ,For +Gerund

etc.

1) he was chided for coming late .

8) Interrogative Adverb :
e.g. Why, Which, Where, What..etc
Uses
of
Adverb
Hard / Hardly :

1) He worked hard.
2) He worked hardly.
3) He tried hard to solve the question.
4) He could hardly solve the question the exam .
5) He worked hard to lose weight.
6) He worked hardly to lose weight and the result is
here
Fairly / Rather :

1) He has done fairly nice work.

2) She is rather dull.
Manner..Place..Time..Purpose..Reason

1) We celebrate Diwali happily all over India in the

month of Kartik to worship goddes Laxmi
because it is a custom of Hindus.

M.P. Madhe T.P. Sathi reason lagat nahi

An adverb qualifies :
a) a verb b) another adverb
c) an adjective d) pronoun

Answer options :
1) (a) is incorrect
2) (d) is incorrect
3) (b) and (c) are incorrect
4) (a) and (c) are incorrect
a) All the freedom-fighters were badly treated by
the British Government.
b) We blindly neglect the passing of time in our life.
c) Madhu often wakes up early in the morning.
d) Virat plays extremely well.

The underlined words in the above sentence are-

Answer options :
1) pronouns 2) adjectives
3) adverbs 4) verbs
Choose the correct alternative to fill in the blanks in
the following sentences.
a. The lecture was ........... boring.
b. It is ........ a pity to cut down those trees.
Answer options:
1) fairly, rather
2) rather, fairly
3) rather, rather
4) fairly, fairly
Pick out an adverb of time to fill in the blank in the
following sentence :
I have heard this ..........
1) here
2) clearly
3) twice
4) before
This journal is published weekly.
(Identify the part of speech underlined)
1) Noun
2) Adjective
3) Adverb
4) verb
Sunil will come back soon.
Identify the type of adverb underlined :
1) Adverb of time
2) Adverb of manner
3) Adverb of frequency
4) Adverb of reason
Mark the sentence in which the word 'after' is used as
an adverb.
1) He takes after his father
2) After ages shall sing his glory.
3) Wewent away after they had left.
4) They arrived soon after.
Place the words in brackets in their proper order:

My professor spoke (yesterday, at the seminar,

eloquently)
1) My professor spoke (yesterday, eloquently, at
the seminar)
2) My professor spoke (yesterday, at the seminar,
eloquently)
3) My professor spoke (eloquently, at the seminar,
yesterday)
4) My professor spoke (at the seminar, yesterday,
eloquently)
Noun + s/es Plural noun

boy + s boys
finger + s fingers
girl + s girls
box + es boxes
bench + es benches
Verb + s/es Singular verb
play + s plays
write + s writes
do + es does
go + es goes
sing + s sings
1) Singular Subject…………..Singular Vweb

1) Amitabh play cricket.

2) Namo adress to the people of Maharashtra.
3) Ramdas Athwale create instant poems.
4) The bowler throw the ball.
5) The batsman hit the ball
2) Plural Subject…………..Plural Verb

1) Boys plays cricket.

2) The ministers claims about the development
achieved by the government.
3) The actresses flaunts themselves in the party.
4) The children demands firecrackers in Diwali.
Singular Singular
3. Verb
Subject 1st Subject 2nd

1) Chinku and Pinku is present in the party.

2) The minister and the actress was chatting
surreptitiously.
Singular Singular
4. Verb
Subject 1st Subject 2nd
1) Bread and butter are a good breakfast.
2) Rice and pulse are a heavy food.
3) Whisky and Soda are a popular drink in India.
Material
5.
Noun

1) Milk and sugar are a tasty drink.

6) The manager, director and financer of this
company are very honest.

7) The manager, the director and the financer of this

company are very honest.
8. The + Adjective

1) The poor is very laborious.

9. The + Adjective + Noun

1) The poor boy is very laborious.

2) The poor boys are very laborious.
Same
10. Noun 1
Noun

1) Door to door were visited in the village.

11. Noun 1 Noun 2

1) The girls in my class is very beautiful.

2) The boys in my class are very stupid.
3) The Prime Minister of India are very laborious.
12. A noun / Pronoun in opposition to Noun

1) I , …….., is learning English with my teacher.

13. It 16. There

1) It is Monday today.
2) There is / are a stupid boy.
3) There are stupid boys.
14. More than one + S.C.N.+ S.V.

15. More + P.C.N.+ Than one+ P.V.

1) More than one ministers were present in the
committee.
2) More ministers than one was present in the
committee.
16. None…S.V.

17. None of + digit + P.V.

1) None were present in the ground.

2) None of the twenty one players were present in
the ground.
18 As Well As, With, Along
N/P
With, Together With, N/P
Accompanied By , And Not,
Rather Than, Except, unlike
Like, In Addition To

1) I as well as you are able to perform that task.

2) BJP together with Shivsena have managed to
make people fool.
19
Either + noun …….. Or + noun + verb

1) Either the clerks or the officers are present.

2) Neither Kapil nor they is going to do social work.
3) Not only India but also many countries has
decided to take action against terrorism.

Note – or / nor
A number Plural verb

The number Sing verb

1) A number of students has passed. ONE OF …….

2) The number of the girls in the colleges are

increasing day by day.
30. Many + P.C.N. + P.V.
31. Many a / an + S.C.N. + S.V.

1) Many politicians are corrupt in India.

2) Many a politician is corrupt in India .
3) Many a beautiful girls were present in my class.
All/ some / most / a lot of / a great deal of/ a
36 good deal of

1) All boys are present in the class.

2) All rice is boiled in the kitchen.
NO
Nouns Verbs
Plural
A/ an
Stationery , Machinery , Is / are
Crockery ,Poetry, Was / Were
Scenery, bread, furniture, Has / Have
information, music, Does / Do
Advice , Luggage V5 / V1

Always Always
Singular Singular
NO
Nouns Verbs
Plural
A/ an
Tongs , Gloves, Scissors, Is / are
Trousers, Binoculars Was / Were
Spectacles, Goggles, Has / Have
Sunglasses, Payjamas , Does / Do
Three-Fourths V5 / V1

Always Always
Plural Plural
NO
Nouns Verbs
Plural
A/ an
People, Cattle, Gentry, Is / are
infantry, Police, Was / Were
Peasantry, Clergy, Has / Have
Children, Vermin, Poultry, Does / Do
Cavalry, V5 / V1

Always Always
Plural Plural
Nouns Verbs

Genetics, Psychiatrics, Is / are

Economics, politics, Was / Were
linguistics, ethics, athletics, Has / Have
physics, mathematics, Does / Do
statistics, innings, billiards, V5 / V1
measles, mumps, rickets

Always Always
Plural Plural
Nouns Verbs

Is / are
Jury, Counsel, Committee,
Was / Were
Deer, Sheep, Fish ,Team
Has / Have
Does / Do
V5 / V1
Certain amount Fifty thousand rupees is a big amount.
Certain weight Ten kilograms is a big weight.
Certain period Five years is a long period.
Certain distance Ten miles is a long distance.
Certain height Ten meters is a big height.