ONOS bitten

December 2, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

ONOS bitten: On India’s ‘One Nation, One Subscription’ plan

Bringing down cost of access to research papers is only one of many issues
While generally undesirable, centralisation promised to be a boon vis-à-vis public access to research
through India’s ‘One Nation, One Subscription’ (ONOS) plan. ONOS was first proposed in the country’s
fifth draft National Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy (2020) in response to the hefty fees
research journals charged — and still do — for scholars and the people at large to access the papers
they published. In this revenue model, journals accept and publish papers submitted by scholars and
charge those who want to read them a fee. Research institutes also subscribe to these journals, so
scholars can avail all the papers through their libraries. As these fees climbed over time, librarians
banded up in consortia to increase their bargaining power at negotiations. ONOS, which the Union
Cabinet approved on November 25, replaces these consortia with the national government and
obliges journals to provide a single fee to access them. The upshot is expensive journals will now
become available at underfunded government institutes as well.

However, ONOS will be limited to publicly funded institutes; and it allows the stranglehold of
commercial publishers on scholarly publishing to continue. Many journals subsist on publicly funded
research while also charging people money to access it. ONOS may reduce these sums but the
government’s willingness to allocate ₹6,000 crore for three calendar years for 30 major publishers
must be seen against the backdrop of the gross expenditure on research and development as a
fraction of the GDP having become stagnant. The government could have promoted the adoption of
‘green’ and/or ‘diamond’ open-access models that guarantee public access by default or have
supported, as a matter of policy, home-grown journals sensitive to Indian scholars’ circumstances
while enhancing the discoverability of their research. The decision to instead channel a large sum of
money to publishers abroad does not factor in India’s potential to influence research access
modalities in the developing world. The lack of transparency is also perturbing, including over
whether the list of journals will be monitored to cull titles that have become irrelevant or predatory,
or to add those that have gained currency in recent years. Most of all, at a time when many journals
have switched to ‘gold’ open-access — where researchers pay to have a paper published that is then
available for free — and preprint papers are gaining in popularity as a means of communicating
research, the government’s justification for adopting the ONOS strategy in its present form is weak.
Add to this the absence of consultation with the institutes on their specific needs, and any celebration
of ONOS will have to be deemed premature. [Practice Exercise]
 Red/blue coloring of words in the sentence indicates subject verb relationship; where ‘red’
denotes ‘subject’ and ‘blue’ denotes ‘verb’.
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Vocabulary
1. Undesirable (adjective) – Unwanted, 12. Bargaining power (noun) – Negotiating
unfavorable, objectionable, unwelcome strength, leverage, influence in negotiations
2. Boon (noun) – Blessing, benefit, advantage, 13. Negotiation (noun) – Discussion,

aid bargaining, talks, deliberation
3. Vis-à-vis (preposition) – In relation to, with 14. Oblige (verb) – Require, compel, bind, force
regard to, compared with, concerning
15. Upshot (noun) – Result, outcome,

4. Hefty (adjective) – Large, substantial, conclusion, consequence
considerable, heavy ,
16. Stranglehold (noun) – Dominance, control,
5. Journal (noun) – Academic publication, grip, monopoly
periodical, scholarly magazine, research
17. Subsist on (verb) – Survive on, live on, exist
publication
on, depend on
6. Scholar (noun) – Academic, researcher,
18. Willingness (noun) – Readiness, eagerness,
intellectual, student
desire, inclination
7. At large (phrase) – In general, as a whole,
19. Seen against the backdrop of (phrase) –
broadly, overall
Considering, in the context of, in light of
8. Avail (verb) – Utilize, use, make use of, take
advantage of
20. Stagnant (adjective) – Inactive, sluggish, not
9. Climb (verb) – Increase, rise, go up, escalate growing, static
21. Adoption (noun) – Acceptance,

10. Band up (phrasal verb) – Unite, come implementation, embracing, incorporation
together, join forces, collaborate
11. Consortia (noun) – Associations, alliances, 22. Discoverability (noun) – Ease of being
coalitions, groups found, visibility, accessibility

23. Factor in (phrasal verb) – Include, consider, 30. Predatory (adjective) – Exploitative,
take into account, incorporate unscrupulous, unfair, taking advantage
,
24. Potential (noun) – Possibility, capability,
capacity, promise 31. Gain currency (phrase) – Become accepted,
become popular, gain acceptance, become
25. Modality (noun) – Method, manner, way, widespread
approach ,
32. As a means of (phrase) – As a way of, as a
26. Transparency (noun) – Openness, clarity, method of, for the purpose of
accountability, lack of secrecy
33. Deemed (adjective) – Considered, regarded
27. Perturbing (adjective) – Disturbing, as, judged, thought
worrying, unsettling, troubling
34. Premature (adjective) – Early, untimely, too
28. Monitor (verb) – Observe, watch, oversee, soon, before proper time
supervise
29. Cull (verb) – Remove, eliminate, weed out,

discard

Summary of the Editorial

1. Purpose of ONOS: The 'One Nation, One Subscription' (ONOS) plan aims to reduce the cost of
accessing research papers in India.
2. Background: ONOS was proposed in the 2020 draft of India’s National Science, Technology, and
Innovation Policy to address the high subscription fees charged by research journals.
3. Existing System: Journals charge fees for accessing papers, with research institutes subscribing to
them for their scholars.
4. Centralisation Through ONOS: Approved by the Union Cabinet on November 25, ONOS centralises
subscriptions, replacing consortia with the national government to negotiate access fees.
5. Accessibility Gains: ONOS makes expensive journals available to underfunded government
institutions, improving access.
6. Limitations: The plan is restricted to publicly funded institutes and does not break the dominance
of commercial publishers in scholarly publishing.
7. Public Fund Dependency: Many journals rely on publicly funded research but still charge for access,
a practice ONOS will continue despite reduced costs.
8. Government Expenditure: ₹6,000 crore is allocated for three years for 30 major publishers, raising
concerns about prioritisation amidst stagnant research funding.
9. Alternative Models Ignored: The government missed an opportunity to promote 'green' or
'diamond' open-access models that guarantee free public access.
10. Lack of Local Focus: Supporting home-grown journals that align with Indian scholars’ needs was
overlooked, along with enhancing their discoverability.
11. Global Influence Neglected: India’s potential to shape research access in the developing world was
not considered.
12. Transparency Concerns: There is no clarity on whether journal lists will be monitored for relevance,
quality, or to include newly prominent titles.
13. Emerging Trends Overlooked: Many journals now use 'gold' open-access models and preprints are
becoming popular, making ONOS appear outdated.
14. Absence of Consultation: Institutes were not consulted about their specific requirements, reducing
the plan's relevance to their needs.
15. Premature Celebration: Without addressing these shortcomings, the ONOS strategy lacks robust
justification and may fall short of its potential.

Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based

1. What is the tone of the passage? [Editorial Page]
A. Enthusiastic and supportive
B. Critical and skeptical
C. Neutral and informative
D. Humorous and sarcastic
2. Which of the following statements about India's 'One Nation, One Subscription' (ONOS) plan
is incorrect?
A. ONOS was proposed in response to the high fees charged by research journals for access to
published papers.
B. Under ONOS, the national government replaces consortia in negotiations with publishers.
C. ONOS ensures that all research papers are freely accessible to the public without any fees.
D. The Union Cabinet approved the ONOS plan on November 25.
3. Complete the following sentence from the passage by filling in the blank:
"As these fees climbed over time, librarians banded up in consortia to increase their ______ at
negotiations."
A. bargaining power
B. knowledge
C. subscription rates
D. research output
4. Why is the government's allocation of ₹6,000 crore for the ONOS plan criticized in the
passage?
A. It does not address the stagnant gross expenditure on research and development.
B. It promotes transparency in selecting journals.
C. It supports the adoption of home-grown journals.
D. It focuses on green and diamond open-access models.
5. What can be inferred about the ONOS plan's potential impact on research accessibility in
India?
A. It will eliminate the dominance of commercial publishers in research publishing.
B. It may make some journals accessible to underfunded government institutes.
C. It will increase transparency in research journal selection.
D. It ensures that all research is made freely available to the public.
6. Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word.
A. Accommodate
B. Mischievious
C. Millennium
D. Privilege
7. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
Taut
A. Slack
B. Tight

C. Torn
D. Flaccid
8. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in active voice.
He will be made President by the people.
A. People will be making him the President.
B. The people will make him President.
C. By the people, he shall be made the President.
D. He will be made President by the people.
9. Which of the following idioms means ‘to steal from a shop’?
A. Golden opportunity
B. Green thumb
C. Five-finger discount
D. Black sheep
10. Parts of the following sentence have been given as options. Select the option that contains
an error.
I are dancing with my husband at my sister’s wedding.
A. husband at my
B. sister’s wedding
C. with my
D. I are dancing
11. Parts of the following sentence have been given as options. Select the option that contains
an error.
The tea at this café is best than at the Costa Café in our office
A. at the Costa Café
B. The tea at this café
C. is best than
D. In our office.
12. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Miserable
A. Melodious
B. Settled
C. Restrained
D. Cheerful
13. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
Confiscate
A. Restock
B. Destroy
C. Seize
D. Titivate
14. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given word.
Edible
A. noisome

B. mortal
C. noxious
D. Nutritive
15. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given
sentence.
There are many factories in the operative area of the city
A. industrial
B. serviceable
C. industrious
D. Mechanical
16. Select the most appropriate synonym of the bracketed word in the following sentence to fill
in the blank.
The elaborate syllabi had to be ________(summarised) to make a presentation in the UGC
assessment meeting.
A. expanded
B. recapitulated
C. prolonged
D. Lengthened
17. Identify the INCORRECTLY spelt word in the following sentence and select its correct spelling
from the given options.
I receieved a parcel in the mail today
A. received
B. recived
C. recieved
D. receaved
18. Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the underlined group of
words.
The question papers are placed in the lockers of the school in a way that they can’t be reached
A. are irrepressible
B. are inaccessible
C. are affordable
D. are affable
19. Select the most appropriate homophone to fill in the blank.
He has the ________ to express his thoughts.
A. right
B. ride
C. write
D. Rite
20. Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
An order of law requiring people to remain indoors
A. Restriction
B. Curfew

C. Limit
D. Check in
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and
select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Tea prices in the domestic (1)__________ continue to rule high in the current year despite the
expectation of a higher production as compared to the previous year. During the past three
months, tea prices have been (2)__________ with the prices of other companies. Unlike last
year, tea prices have generally shown (3) __________, when tea prices rose dramatically, this
year, prices seem to have (4) __________ at a rather high level. In the subsequent four
months, the (5)__________ average price showed a downtrend.
21. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.
A. market
B. area
C. zone
D. Field
A. aligning
B. favouring
C. countering
D. Encountering
A. an inflow
B. an innate
C. a reduction
D. An uptrend
A. stabilised
B. moderated
C. equated
D. Abated
A. monthly
B. half yearly
C. weekly
D. yearly

Answers
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. B 7.B 8. B 9. C 10. D 11.C 12.D
13. C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.A 23.D 24.A
25. A [Practice Exercise]
Explanations
1. B) Critical and skeptical
B is correct because the passage critically examines the ONOS plan, highlighting its shortcomings and
expressing skepticism about its effectiveness. The author points out issues such as the continuation of
commercial publishers' control, the large allocation of funds without addressing fundamental
problems, and the lack of transparency and consultation.
A is incorrect because the passage is not enthusiastic or supportive. Instead of praising the ONOS plan,
it questions its implementation and the government's approach.
C is incorrect as the passage goes beyond merely providing neutral information. It presents an analysis
with a clear critical stance, indicating the author's negative perspective on the subject.
D is incorrect because the tone is not humorous or sarcastic. The passage maintains a serious and
analytical tone without employing humor or sarcasm.
2. C) ONOS ensures that all research papers are freely accessible to the public without any fees.
C is incorrect because ONOS does not make all research papers freely accessible to the public without
any fees. Instead, it allows publicly funded institutes to access expensive journals through a single
national subscription paid by the government. The general public still does not have free access under
ONOS.
A is correct as the passage states that ONOS was proposed in response to the hefty fees charged by
research journals.
B is correct because ONOS replaces the consortia of librarians with the national government in
negotiations with publishers.
D is correct since the passage mentions that the Union Cabinet approved ONOS on November 25.
3. A) bargaining power
A is correct because the passage explains that librarians formed consortia to increase their bargaining
power in negotiations with publishers due to rising fees.
B is incorrect as increasing knowledge is not the context here; the issue is about negotiating better
terms.
C is incorrect because librarians aimed to manage or reduce subscription costs, not increase
subscription rates.
D is incorrect since research output pertains to scholars' work, not librarians' negotiation strategies.
4. A) It does not address the stagnant gross expenditure on research and development.
A is correct because the passage criticizes the ₹6,000 crore allocation for not addressing the larger
issue of stagnant gross expenditure on research and development as a fraction of GDP. Instead, it
channels significant funds to publishers abroad.
B is incorrect because the passage highlights the lack of transparency in the plan, not its promotion.
C is incorrect because the government did not support home-grown journals, which the author
suggests as a missed opportunity.

D is incorrect because the plan does not focus on green or diamond open-access models, which are
suggested as better alternatives.
5. B) It may make some journals accessible to underfunded government institutes.
B is correct because the passage states that ONOS will reduce costs and allow underfunded
government institutes to access expensive journals, which is one of its few positive aspects.
A is incorrect because the plan allows the stranglehold of commercial publishers to continue.
C is incorrect because the lack of transparency in the plan is explicitly criticized.
D is incorrect because the plan does not guarantee free public access to all research; it merely reduces
costs for certain institutes.
6. B) The incorrectly spelt word is ‘Mischievious’, and the correct spelling is ‘Mischievous’, which means
“showing a fondness for causing trouble in a playful way” शयायती
7. B) Taut (adjective) – Stretched or pulled tight, not slack, rigid, tense. कसावदाय
Synonym: Tight (adjective) – Firmly or closely fixed in place, stretched, secure. कस हुआ
 Slack (adjective) – Loose, not tight, relaxed, limp. ढीरा
 Torn (adjective) – Damaged by being pulled apart, split, ripped. पटा हुआ
 Flaccid (adjective) – Soft and hanging loosely, lacking firmness, limp. ननजीव
8. B) The people will make him President
Passive Voice को Active Voice भें फदरते सभम, कताा (subject) वाक्म की शरु
ु आत भें आता है औय क्रिमा
(verb) के साथ सीधा कामा कयता है । जैस—
े
(i) He will be made President by the people.
To Be → will be V³ → made Active Voice → The people will make him President.
Explanation: 'The people' को कताा (subject) के रूऩ भें यखा गमा औय 'will make' क्रिमा (verb) के रूऩ भें
प्रमोग क्रकमा गमा।
Explanation in English:
(B) ‘The people will make him President’ will be used. While converting Passive Voice into Active Voice,
the subject appears at the beginning of the sentence and directly performs the action. For example:
(i) He will be made President by the people.
→ To Be → will be → V3 → made Active Voice → The people will make him President.
Explanation: 'The people' is placed as the subject, and 'will make' is used as the verb.
9. C) Five-finger discount (noun) – The act of stealing goods from a retail establishment without paying.
चोयी कयना
 Golden opportunity (noun) – A favorable chance to do something. सन
ु हया अवसय
 Green thumb (noun) – A special ability to make plants grow well. फागवानी भें ननऩण
ु ता
 Black sheep (noun) – A person who is considered a disgrace or failure by their family or group.
करॊक्रकत सदस्म
10. D) 'I are dancing' के फदरे 'I am dancing' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंक्रक Subject (I) के साथ Verb 'are' का प्रमोग
कयना गरत है । 'I' के साथ हभेशा 'am' का प्रमोग होता है ; जैस—
े I am going to the market.

'I am dancing' will be used instead of 'I are dancing' because using the verb 'are' with the subject 'I' is
incorrect. The verb 'am' should always be used with 'I'; Like— I am going to the market.
11. C) is best than' के फदरे 'is better than' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंक्रक Comparative Degree का प्रमोग 'than' के
साथ होता है । 'Best' Superlative Degree है , जजसे 'than' के साथ प्रमोग नहीॊ क्रकमा जा सकता है; जैस—
े
The tea at this café is better than at the Costa Café in our office.
'is better than' will be used instead of 'is best than' because the Comparative Degree is used with
'than'. 'Best' is a Superlative Degree, which cannot be used with 'than'; Like— The tea at this café is
better than at the Costa Café in our office.
12. D) Miserable (adjective) – Very unhappy, distressed, sorrowful, wretched. दख
ु ी, ऩये शान
Antonym: Cheerful (adjective) – Happy, joyful, in good spirits, optimistic. प्रसन्न, खुश
 Melodious (adjective) – Pleasant-sounding, harmonious, tuneful. सग
ु भ सॊगीत, भधुय
 Settled (adjective) – Established, fixed, stable. जस्थय, ननजचचत
 Restrained (adjective) – Controlled, restricted, moderate. सॊममभत, ननमॊत्रित
13. C) Confiscate (verb) – To take or seize someone's property with authority. ज़ब्त कयना
Synonym: Seize (verb) – Take hold of suddenly and forcibly, confiscate, grab. जब्त कयना
 Restock (verb) – Replenish supplies of something, refill. क्रपय से बयना
 Destroy (verb) – Put an end to the existence of something by damaging or attacking it. नष्ट
कयना
 Titivate (verb) – Make small enhancing alterations to something. सॊवायना
14. D) Edible (adjective) – Fit to be eaten; suitable for consumption. खाने मोग्म
Meaning: Nutritive (adjective) – Providing nourishment; promoting growth and good health. ऩोषण से
बयऩयू
 Noisome (adjective) – Having an extremely offensive smell; disagreeable, unpleasant. दग
ु धं धत
 Mortal (adjective) – Subject to death; human; causing death. नचवय
 Noxious (adjective) – Harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant. हाननकायक
15. A) 'operative' के फदरे 'industrial' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंक्रक 'industrial area' का अथा होता है एक ऐसा
ऺेि जजसभें पैजक्िमाॉ औय कायखाने जस्थत होते हैं। 'operative' का अथा होता है कामाात्भक, जो इस सॊदबा
भें उऩमक्
ु त नहीॊ है । जैस—
े There are many factories in the industrial area of the city.
'industrial' will be used instead of 'operative' because 'industrial area' means a region where factories
and industries are located. 'operative' means functional, which is not suitable in this context. Like—
There are many factories in the industrial area of the city.
16. B) Summarised – To make a summary of, condense, sum up. साराांशित करना
Synonym: Recapitulated (verb) – To summarize and state again the main points of something, restate,
repeat, review. पन
ु ःस्मरण कराना
 Expanded (verb) – To make or become larger, increase, enlarge, spread out. ववस्तारयत कयना

 Prolonged (verb) – To extend the duration of, continue, lengthen. रम्फा कयना
 Lengthened (verb) – To make or become longer, extend, elongate. रम्फा कयना
17. A) The incorrectly spelt word in the given sentence is ‘receieved’. The correct spelling is ‘received’,
which means “to be given, presented with, or paid something” प्राप्त करना, ग्रहण करना.
18. B) are inaccessible' का प्रमोग होगा क्मोंक्रक 'inaccessible' का अथा है "जजस तक ऩहुॊचा न जा सके" औय
महाॊ प्रचनऩिों को ऐसी जगह यखा गमा है क्रक वे ऩहुॊच भें नहीॊ हैं। "are inaccessible" का प्रमोग इसमरए
सही है क्मोंक्रक 'inaccessible' एक adjective है , जजसका अथा है "जजस तक ऩहुॊचा न जा सके"। मह
subject complement के रूऩ भें प्रमोग होता है, जजससे मह फताता है क्रक प्रचनऩि (question papers) क्रकस
प्रकाय यखे गए हैं।
"are inaccessible" is correct because 'inaccessible' is an adjective that means "that cannot be reached."
It acts as a subject complement, describing the state of the question papers.
19. 'A) right' का use होगा क्मोंक्रक 'right' का अथा है क्रकसी कामा को कयने का अधधकाय मा स्वतॊिता। वाक्म
भें फतामा गमा है क्रक व्मजक्त को अऩने ववचाय व्मक्त कयने का अधधकाय है , इसमरए 'right' महाॉ सही
ववकल्ऩ है । जफक्रक 'ride' का अथा है सवायी कयना, 'write' का अथा है मरखना, औय 'rite' का अथा है क्रकसी
धामभाक मा ऩायॊ ऩरयक अनष्ु ठान, जो इस सॊदबा भें सही नहीॊ है ।
'right' will be used because it means having the freedom or authority to do something. The sentence
states that the person has the right to express his thoughts, making 'right' the correct option. Whereas,
'ride' means to travel on something, 'write' means to put words on paper, and 'rite' refers to a religious
or traditional ceremony, which do not fit the context.
20. B) Curfew (noun) – An order of law requiring people to remain indoors कर्फ़्यू
 Restriction (noun) – A limiting condition or measure, especially a legal one प्रनतफॊध
 Limit (noun) – A point or level beyond which something does not or may not extend or pass
सीभा
 Check in (noun) – The act of reporting one's presence at a hotel, airport, etc. ऩॊजीकयण
21. A) Market' का use होगा क्मोंक्रक "market" का अथा है एक ऐसी जगह मा प्रणारी जहाॉ वस्तए
ु ॉ मा सेवाएॉ
फेची औय खयीदी जाती हैं। वाक्म भें फतामा गमा है क्रक चाम की कीभतें घये रू फाज़ाय भें ऊॉची फनी हुई
हैं, इसमरए 'market' महाॉ सही है । जफक्रक 'area' का अथा ऺेि होता है, 'zone' का अथा है एक ववमशष्ट ऺेि,
औय 'field' का अथा है कोई ववशेष ऺेि मा कामाऺेि, जो इस सॊदबा भें उऩमक्
ु त नहीॊ हैं।
'Market' will be used because it refers to a place or system where goods or services are sold and
bought. The sentence mentions that tea prices in the domestic market continue to remain high, making
'market' fitting here. Whereas, 'area' means a region, 'zone' means a specific region, and 'field' refers to
a specific domain or area of work, which don't fit in this context.
22. A) 'Aligning' का उऩमोग होगा क्मोंक्रक "aligning" का अथा है क्रकसी चीज़ के साथ मभराना मा सभान
फनाना। वाक्म भें फतामा गमा है क्रक वऩछरे तीन भहीनों भें , चाम की कीभतें अन्म कॊऩननमों की कीभतों
के साथ मभर यही हैं, इसमरए 'aligning' महाॉ सही ववकल्ऩ है । जफक्रक 'favouring' का अथा है क्रकसी का

सभथान कयना, 'countering' का अथा है क्रकसी चीज़ का प्रनतकाय कयना, औय 'encountering' का अथा है
क्रकसी का साभना कयना, जो इस सॊदबा भें सही नहीॊ हैं।
'Aligning' will be used because it means to bring into agreement or coordination with something else.
The sentence mentions that tea prices have been aligning with those of other companies over the past
three months, making 'aligning' the most appropriate choice here. On the other hand, 'favouring'
means to support, 'countering' means to oppose or respond to something, and 'encountering' means to
face or come across something, which do not fit in this context.
23. 'D) An uptrend' का use होगा क्मोंक्रक "uptrend" का अथा होता है एक ऐसी जस्थनत जजसभें कीभतें मा
भल्
ू म रगाताय फढ़ते हैं। Sentence भें मह फतामा गमा है क्रक वऩछरे सार चाम की कीभतों भें नाटकीम
रूऩ से ववृ ि हुई थी, औय इस सार बी कीभतें एक उच्च स्तय ऩय फनी हुई हैं। इसमरए 'an uptrend' का
प्रमोग इस context भें सही है । जफक्रक, 'an inflow' का अथा होता है प्रवाह, जो महाॊ कीभतों के सॊदबा भें
उऩमक्
ु त नहीॊ है । 'An innate' का अथा होता है जन्भजात, जो इस जस्थनत के मरए सही नहीॊ है । 'A
reduction' का अथा होता है कभी, जो क्रक कीभतों भें धगयावट को दशााता है, जफक्रक महाॊ कीभतों भें ववृ ि
का उल्रेख है ।
'An uptrend' will be used because "uptrend" means a situation where prices or values are continuously
increasing. The sentence mentions that last year, tea prices rose dramatically, and this year, prices have
remained high, indicating a continuous increase. Hence, 'an uptrend' is fitting here. Whereas, 'an
inflow' means flow, which is not appropriate for prices in this context. 'An innate' means inherent or
natural, which doesn't fit this situation. 'A reduction' means a decrease, which indicates a drop in
prices, but here, the passage mentions a high level of prices, making 'an uptrend' the correct choice.
24. A) Stabilised' का use होगा क्मोंक्रक "stabilised" का अथा होता है क्रकसी चीज़ को जस्थय कयना मा सभान
स्तय ऩय फनाए यखना। इस sentence भें mention है क्रक इस वषा की चाम की कीभतें ऊॉचे स्तय ऩय
जस्थय यही हैं। इसमरए, 'stabilised' महाॉ सही ववकल्ऩ है । जफक्रक 'Moderated' का अथा है हल्का कयना मा
कभ कयना, 'Equated' का अथा है फयाफय कयना, औय 'Abated' का अथा है कभ होना, जो इस सॊदबा भें सही
नहीॊ हैं।
'Stabilised' will be used because it means to maintain something at a constant or steady level. The
sentence mentions that this year's tea prices have stayed steady at a high level, making 'stabilised' the
correct option here. Whereas, 'Moderated' means to reduce or lessen, 'Equated' means to equalize,
and 'Abated' means to decrease, which do not fit in this context.
25. A) Monthly' का उऩमोग होगा क्मोंक्रक passage भें वऩछरे चाय भहीनों की फात की गई है औय औसत
भल्
ू म की चचाा की जा यही है । "Monthly" का अथा है "भामसक," जो क्रक महाॉ context के अनस
ु ाय सफसे
उऩमक्
ु त है । 'Half yearly' का अथा है "छभाही," जो हय 6 भहीने भें होता है , 'Weekly' का अथा है
"साप्ताहहक," जो हय हफ्ते होता है , औय 'Yearly' का अथा है "वावषाक," जो ऩयू े सार का होता है । मे सबी
ववकल्ऩ इस वाक्म के सॊदबा भें सही नहीॊ फैठते हैं।
Monthly' will be used because the passage talks about the average price trend over the last four
months, and 'monthly' meaning "related to every month" fits perfectly in this context. 'Half yearly'

means every six months, 'weekly' means every week, and 'yearly' means every year, which do not align
with the context here.



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December 2, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

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2. Boon (noun) – Blessing, benefit, advantage, 13. Negotiation (noun) – Discussion,

15. Upshot (noun) – Result, outcome,

21. Adoption (noun) – Acceptance,

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29. Cull (verb) – Remove, eliminate, weed out,

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Summary of the Editorial

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Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based

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