NAWARANGPUR DISTRICT, ORISSA

Ministry of Water Resources

Central Ground Water Board,SER
Bhubaneswar
January, 2013

DISTRICT AT A GLANCE
Sl.No. Items Statistics
1 GENERAL INFORMATION

i) Geographical Area ( Sq km) 5291

ii) Number of Blocks 10
iii) Number of Panchayat 169
iv) Number of Village 901
iv) Population as on 2011 Census 10,25,766
v) Average annual rainfall (mm) 1030.21 mm to 1569.50 mm
2 GEOMORPHOLOGY
(i) Undulating plains dotted with residual
(i)Major Physiographic Units hills
(ii) Scattered hills with high relief

(ii) Major Drainages Indravati, Bhaskel & Tel

3 LAND USE (SQ KM)

a) Forest Area 669.05

b) Net Area Sown 21111.29 (Kharif)
4 MAJOR SOIL TYPE 1-Alfisol, 2- Utisol, 3- Vertisol

5 AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS 1- Autumn – 517.68

( as on 2011 ) (SQ.KM) 2- Winter – 12216.51
3- Summer – 22.35
6 IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT
SOURCES (Area and no. of
structures)

1. Canals (i) Major & Medium Irrigation Project

– 3500 Ha ( Kharif )
1190 Ha ( Rabi ).

(ii) Minor Irrigation Project (Flow)

– 4975 Ha (Kharif);
475 Ha (Rabi)

(iii) Lift Irrigation Project

– 2979 (Kharif) ;
2046 (Rabi)

2.Net Irrigated Area 99454 Ha (Kharif)

3701 Ha (Rabi)

7 NUMBER OF GROUN WATER

MONITORING WELLS OF CGWB ( as
on 31.3.2011)

1. No of Dug Wells 20
2. Nos of Piezometers Nil

8 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL (I) Eastern Ghat Super Group of

FORMATIONS Rocks (Precambrian
Crystalline Rocks)
(II) Bengpal Group of Rocks
(III) Quaternaries
9 HYDROGEOLOGY

 Major Water Bearing Formations Weathered & Fractured Crystalline rocks

3.52 mbgl to 9.10 mbgl

 Pre-Monsoon Depth to Water
Level during 2006 0.34 mbgl to 5.10 mbgl
 Post-Monsoon Depth to Water
Level during 2006 35.7% of wells show rise from 0-2 m,
 Long Term water level trend in 10 7.1 % wells show rise from 2-4 m. (Pre-
yrs (1997-2006) in m/yr monsoon)
93.3% of wells show rose in 0-2 m, 6.7%
of wells show rise from 2-4 m. (Post –
monsoon).
10 GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY
CGWB (As on 31.3.2011)

No of wells drilled E/W – 19 (departmental)

(EW,OW,Pz,SH,Total) O/W – 10 (do)
E/W – 10 (Outsourcing)
Total –39

Depth Range (m) 19.5 – 200.00 m

Discharge (lps) 0.2 to 16.3
Transmissivity(m ²/day) 0.248 – 8.58 (Weathered Granite Gneiss)
1.60 – 7.0 (Weathered Granite Gneiss)
1.033 – 3.55 (Shale)
11 GROUND WATER QUALITY

Presence of Chemical constituents more High concentration of Nitrate in Jharigaon

than permissible limit (e.g. EC ,F,AS, High concentration of Fluoride in
Fe) Chandahandi.
Type of water Slightly Alkaline (pH 7.16 to 8.25
milligram / ltr )
12 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER
RESOURCES (2004 in mcm)
1. Annual replenishable Ground 481.01
Water Resources
2. Net Annual Ground Water Draft 53.71
3. Projected demand for domestic 39.26
and industrial uses up to 2005
4. Stage of Ground Water 11.17%
Development
13 AWARENESS AND TRAINING
ACTIVITY
Mass Awareness Programmes One
organized
Date 17.02.06
Place Nowrangpur Town, Nowrangpur block,

No of Participants 120

Water Management and Training One

Programmes Organised
Date 18.02.06
Place Nowrangpur Town, Nowrangpur block,

No of Participants 50
14 EFFORTS OF ARTIFICIAL
RECHARGE & RAIN WATER
HARVESTING
Projects compiled by CGWB ( No & Nil
Amount spent )
Projects under technical guidance of Nil
CGWB (numbers)
15 GROUND WATER CONTROL AND
REGULATION Nil
No of OE Blocks
No of Critical Blocks
No of Blocks Notified
16 MAJOR GROUND WATER Ground water contamination, pollution &
PROBLEMS AND ISSUES depletion
(Latest data to be incorporated)

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Nawarangpur was conferred the status of district in the early part of 1992,
when erstwhile Koraput district was divided into four new districts. About 94% of the
population of the district live in the rural areas and depend for their livelihood largely
on agriculture. However, the irrigation facilities existing in the district are limited,
leaving agriculture to the mercy of the monsoon. Hence necessity for optimal
utilisation of the existing water resources in the district is rather compelling while
terrain conditions restrict the scope of surface water development. Nawarangpur
districts situated in the south western part of Orissa lying between the north latitudes
190 09/ and 200 06/ N and east longitudes 810 51/ and 82052‟ E, falling in Survey of
India degree sheet Nos. 64 H, L and 65 E and I. It is bordered by Bastar district of
Madhya Pradesh in the West, Raipur district of Madhya Pradesh in the North,
Kalahandi district of Orissa in East and Koraput district of Orissa in the South. The
district covers an area of 5291 sq. km. and is divided into 10 administrative blocks
(Plate I). The district headquarters at Nawrangpur approachable by National Highway
43 which passes through southern border of the district and connects the
headquarters Vishakhapatnam port. The major towns of the district are connected to
the district headquarters by road.

The Indravati river is the most prominent river in the district. It is a tributary of
the Godavari and sustains perennial flow. It originates in the Kalahandi district flows
through Nawarangpur and Koraput districts and enters in Bastar district of Madhya
Pradesh. The Tel and Bhaskel are the other rivers flowing through the district.

The district has limited irrigation facilities as per available data. The net
irrigated area from different sources is 9454 ha and 3711 ha for Kharif and Ravi
respectively. The source wise Irrigation potential created in the district from various
sources has been tabulated in Table-1.1.

Table 1.1 Source-wise Irrigated area (March 2010)

Sl.No. Source Irrigated area (Ha)

Kharif Rabi
1 Major / Medium Irrigation 3500 1190
Projects
2 Minor Irrigation Projects 4975 475

3 River lift Projects 2979 2046

4 Other sources (Tanks,
Nala, etc.)
5 Groundwater Source
Total :- 9454 3711

The area has been covered by Systematic Geological Mapping by Sh. V.

Ravikumar, Sh. B.Sarangi and Sh. Z.Iqbal of G.S.I. The Systematic Hydrogeological
Surveys were carried out by Sh. S.K. Guha and Sh. P.Nag, Geologists of G.S.I.
during the season 1966-67 and by Sh. S.V.Choughla, Sh. M.V.Rao and Sh. D.P.Pati,
Scientist. „B‟ of C.G.W.B on 1: 50,000 scale during the season 1976-77 and 1987-88.
The Reappraisal hydrogeological surveys were conducted on 1:50,000 scale by
Sh.A.D.Rao, Jr. Hydrogeologist and Sh. G.Y. Setty, Asstt. Hydrogeologist in the
district.

Ground water exploration by deep drilling upto 200m has been taken up in the
district and 39 nos. exploratory wells so far has been drilled to delineate the deeper
potential water saturated fracture zones. The location of the wells is depicted in Plate
–I. Ground water monitoring is being done through 20 hydrograph network stations
four times in a year.
2.0 RAINFALL & CLIMATE

The climate of the district is typically tropical to subtropical with three distinct
seasons e.g. summer, winter, and monsoon. December is the coldest month with
mean daily average temperature of 25o C which reaches a maximum of 400 C in May.
The rain fall in the area is mostly from the south west monsoon lasts from middle of
June to October. The average annual rainfall varies from 1030.21mm to 1569.50 mm.
A persual of these data indicates that the average annual rainfall is higher in the
central parts as compared to other parts of the district. Further droughts are frequent
in Nawarangpur, Raighar and Umerkote blocks.

3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY & SOIL TYPES

The district has varied geomorphological features. The geomorphic units are
(i) Lateritic Upland, (ii) Pediplane, (iii) Denudational Hills, (iv) Flood Plain, (v)
Structural Hills, (vi) Inselberg, (vii) Mesa & Butte, (viii) Residual Hills, (ix)
Intermontane Valleys, (x) Bazada (Plate-V).

The distribution of different soil types in the district depends much on its
physiographic and lithologic variations. Based on the physical and chemical
characteristics, mode of origin and occurrence, soils of the district may be classified
into two groups namely Alfisols and Vertisols.

Alfisols : It includes red sandy soils and red loamy soils. The red loamy and sandy
soils are occurring in throughout the district. The characteristic features of red soils
are (1) light texture, porous and friable structure, (2) absence of lime Kankar and free
carbonates and (3) soluble salts in a small quantity usually not exceeding 0.05%.
These are usually deficient in nitrogen, phosphate, organic matter and lime. These
soils are suitable for cultivation of paddy and other crops.

Vertisols : These are medium black soils found in the North Eastern Corner of the
district in the Chandahandi block. The soils are highly argillaceous and contain high
amount of iron, calcium and magnesium. These are poor in organic matter, nitrogen
and phosphorous but rich in potash and lime. The pH varies from neutral to alkaline
and texture varies from loam to clayey loam. These are quite fertile soils.

4.0 GROUNDWATER SCENARIO

4.1 Hydrogeology

The hydrogeological conditions vary from place to place depending upon the
aquifer characteristics of the litho units, sources of groundwater recharge and the
structural setting of the area. The hydrogeological units of the area are broadly
categorized into three groups namely:

A. Consolidated formations.
B. Semi Consolidated formations
C. Unconsolidated formations

Consolidated Formations:- This hydrogeological unit comprises hard crystalline

rocks like granites, granite gneisses, Khondalites, Charnokites, Schists, Quartzites
and also Pre Cambrian Sediments like Sandstone and Shale. These formations lack
primary porosity. The weathered residuum and jointed and fractured zones of the
hard rocks form the main repository of ground water. Ground water occurs under
phreatic condition in the weathered zone and circulates through fractures and
fissures below. The yield potentials of the fractured zones depend upon intensity of
fracturing and interconnection of the fractures with the near surface saturated zone.

Water bearing properties of the consolidated formations:

Granites and Granite Gneisses: The granite and granite gneisses occupy low-lying
plains and are foliated, jointed, highly weathered. On weathering and leaching of
Kaolinised clay these rocks are reduced to a losse quartzose assemblage. The depth
of weathering varies from 9 to 20 metres below ground level. Three sets of
intersecting joints are present in this litho unit striking ESE-WNW, NE-SW and NW-
SE with steep dips ranging from 55 0 to vertical. The opening of the joints vary from
few millimeters to about 35 mm. Joints are often closely spaced. The depth to water
level varies from 1.77m to 11.45m below ground level during Pre-monsoon period
and 1.08m to 10.41m below ground level during Post – monsoon period. The specific
capacity Index varies from 0.44-9.02 lpm/m/m2. The yield potential is good to
moderate ranging upto 6 lps for shallow aquifers and 10 lps for deeper fractured
aquifers.
T
Charnockite & Khondalites: The weathered residuum of these rocks constitute the
aquifers. Three sets of joints are encountered in these litho units. But these rock
types generally form hilly, rugged terrain and hence do not form potential aquifers
except in narrow valleys. The yield is low ranging upto 3 LPS.

Bengpal Group of Rocks: The Schists and Amphibolites of Bengpal group of rocks
are generally poor water yielder. Weathering is limited to a depth of 8-10m. only.

Quartzite –Shale – Sandstone: group of rocks are weathered down to a depth of

about 15 m below ground level. Due to pronounced weathering and existence of two
sets of open joints, this formation act as good aquifers. Shale and sandstone form
potential water yielder in the fissured

and fractured portions. The depth to water table during pre monsoon period varies
from 5 to 10 m below ground level and during post monsoon period between 3 to 6.5
m. The Specific

Capacity Index of wells in these formations varies from 3.2 to 4.86 lpm/m/m 2. These
formations sometimes yield upto 5 lps.
Semi-Consolidated Formation:

Laterites : Laterites are porous and have generally developed on granite gneiss
formations. The thickness of the laterites varies from 5 to 15 m. The depth to water
table in pre monsoon period varies from 8.50 to 12.20 m. below ground level and
6.85m. to 12.00 m. below ground level in post monsoon period. The seasonal
fluctuation of water table varies from 0.2 to 2.8 m. The yield of the dug wells in this
formation is less than 7 Ips for a drawdown of 3-4 m.

Unconsolidated Formation: The sand and gravel layers occurring as valley fills and
along the river banks from potential aquifers. The yield potential of the formation is
upto 15 lps.

Aquifer Characteristics of Crystalline: In the hard crystalline rock recharge of

ground water from precipitation or seepage from surface water bodies percolate into
the weathered (saprolite) zone. In case the underlying basement rocks (both
weathered and fresh) are incised by open fractures, the downward movement of the
water from the upper regolith zone (comprising the top soil and saprolite horizon) is
facilitated. In the saprolite/regolith horizon ground water generally occurs under
unconfined condition where as is the fractured bedrock aquifers it occurs under semi-
confined to confined conditions. The ground water potentials of various zones i.e.
saprolite (tapped by dug wells), weathered basement rock and shallow fractured
basement rock horizon (tapped by the hand pumps) and deeper fractured basement
rock (tapped by the deep boreholes by CGWB) vary considerably depending upon
their lithological and structural characteristics. Perusal of all results related to
pumping test indicates that granite gneiss forms the most potential aquifer both in
shallow and deeper horizons followed by Khondalite.

In Lateites the specific capacity Index of dug wells vary from 2.32-to 10.27-
lpm/m/m2.

In limited extant the alluvium forms potential shallow aquifers.

Groundwater Exploration
Exploratory drilling has been taken up by the Central Ground Water Board in
Nowrangpur district with the objective to delineate deeper water bearing fractures in
the consolidated formation and their yield potentiality within a maximum depth of
200m. Till March 2011, 29 exploratory and observation wells were drilled in hard
crystalline and semiconsolidated formations in the district under Normal Ground
Water Exploration Programme and Accelerated Exploration Drilling Programme. The
depth range of these wells varies from 32m to 180 m below ground level. The
thickness of the overburden ranges from 5.5 to 35.5m. The yield of exploratory wells
varies from negligible to 16.63 LPS. Formation wise yield range of the wells is given
in the table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Details of Exploration (Litho unit wise)

S Lithological Unit No. Depth No. of wells with yield

l of range of (LPS)
. Wel wells
<2 2-5 >5
ls (mbgl)
1 Granite and granite gneisses 20 82.1-200 7 4 6
.
3 Khondalites, Charnokites and 4 141-93 1 1 2
. Calc silicate rocks
4 Sandstone and shale 5 125-200 2 1 2
.

Depth to Water Level (Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon, 2011)

The depth to water level is measured from the National Hydrograph Staions situated
in different blocks of the Nowrangpur District. The Pre monsoon, 2011 water level
data varies from 3.52 mbgl to 9.10 mbgl. The shallow water level was measured from
Dondasora and the deepest water level was measured at Dabugaon. The depth to
water level map of pre -monsoon, 2011 is displayed in Plate II.
The depth to water level data of Post-monsoon, 2011 represents 0.34 mbgl to 5.10
mbgl. The Raigarh shows deepest water level and Dondasora shows shallowest one.
Plate III represents depth to water level map of post –monsoon, 2011.

Seasonal Fluctuation

The fluctuation of depth to water level in 2011 shows rise in water level from 2.95 to
7.37 mbgl in all the NHS.

Long Term Water Level Trend in Last 10 years in Ground Water Monitoring
wells

The long term trend (10 years) in water level for the pre-monsoon shows rise of 0-
2m in 35.7% of wells and 2-4 m rise in 7.1% of wells in Nawarangpur district.

The long term trend of (10 years) in water level for post monsoon season shows
rise in water level for 0-2m in 93.3% of wells and 2-4 m rise in 6.7 % wells in the
district.

4.2 Ground Water Resources

The Ground Water Resources of the district has been assessed adopting the
methodology recommended by the Groundwater Estimation Committee (1997),
constituted by Govt. of India. The task was jointly carried out by the Central Ground
Water Board and Ground water Survey & Investigation, Department of Water
Resources, Govt. of Orissa. The block wise computation of ground water resources
in the district has been presented in Table 4.3. The ground water resources in the
district are computed as 50306 Ha-m, out of which the existing Ground Water Draft
for irrigation is 4050 Ha-m. The ground water draft for irrigation is through dug wells
and shallow tube wells. A large number of hand pumps fitted in PHED bore wells and
tube wells also cater to the rural and urban water supply needs. On the basis of the
estimated ground water potentials a detailed scheme for ground water development
may be launched in the district. So far ground water development in the district has
been meager, and all the blocks fall under the safe category. The stage of ground
water development varies from 9.16% to 24.45% in different blocks. The overall
Stage of Groundwater development of the district is 13.88%. There is ample scope
for stepping up ground water development in the district. The ground water budget of
the district is presented in Plate No. V.

Table 4.2 : Stage of Ground Water Development Of Nawarangpur District,

Blockwise as on 31st March , 2009
Sl Block Net Annual Existing Existing Existing Provision Net Ground Stage of
No Ground Gross Gross Gross for Water Ground
Water Ground Ground Ground domestic & Availability Water
Availability Water Water Water industrial for future Development
Draft for Draft for Draft requirement irrigation
Irrigation domestic for all supply for development
& uses next 25
Industrial years
Supply
(ham) (ham) (ham) (ham) (ham) (ham) (%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 Chandahandi 9031.00 569.00 181.00 750.00 402.00 8133.00 8.30
2 Dabugaon 2928.00 227.00 226.00 453.00 521.00 2180.00 15.47
3 Jharigaon 6097.00 414.00 354.00 768.00 818.00 4865.00 12.60
4 Kasagumuda 4790.00 787.00 384.00 1171.00 890.00 3113.00 24.45
5 Nabarangapur 2246.00 306.00 195.00 501.00 432.00 1508.00 22.31
6 Nandahandi 2732.00 170.00 156.00 326.00 346.00 2216.00 11.93
7 Papdahandi 4500.00 329.00 321.00 650.00 736.00 3435.00 14.44
8 Raighar 6908.00 615.00 451.00 1066.00 1034.00 5259.00 15.43
9 Tentulikhunti 2555.00 301.00 216.00 517.00 474.00 1780.00 20.23
10 Umerkote 8519.00 332.00 448.21 780.00 977.00 7210.00 9.16
District Total 50306.00 4050.00 2932.21 6982.00 6630.00 39699.00 13.88

Ground Water Quality

The chemical quality of ground water in the district has been assessed on the basis
of ground water samples collected during ground water monitoring, hydrogeological
surveys and ground water exploration. The range of different chemical constituents in
shallow and deeper aquifers is as follows

The specific conductance and chloride values generated from the chemical analysis
of the region are found to be within normal range throughout the district. However In
localized patches at Jharigaon and Chandahandi the concentration of Nitrate and
Fluoride is found to be 111mg/l and 2.1 mg/l respectively which are higher than the
permissible limit. Otherwise the chemical analysis data suggests that the quality of
ground water both from shallow and deeper aquifers are well within the permissible
limit of utilisation for drinking purposes.
It may be noted that about 100% of the groundwater samples collected from the
phreatic and deeper aquifers are good for irrigation purposes.

4.4 Status of Ground Water Development

Ground water development in the district is mainly through dug wells, Dug-cum-bore
wells and bore wells. Ground water is mainly used for domestic and irrigation
purpose and in limited scale for industrial purposes. The stage of development of
Ground Water in the district is low. So far only 13.88% of its resources have been
exploited. Hence a strategy for detailed ground water development is required. The
hydrogeological, remote sensing studies and ground water exploration so far carried
out in the district depict the tentative possibilities of ground water development
through suitable ground water abstraction structures in various hydrogeological
settings (Plate –VI).

Dugwells : The wells may be sited in the topographic lows and should tap the
maximum saturated thickness of the weathered zone. The depth of the dugwells may
vary from 9 to 12m with 4.5m to 6m diameter. The wells may be fitted with 1.5 to 2
H.P. centrifugal pumps. The wells may sustain yield maximum up to 3 lps.

Dug-cum-borewells : Dug-cum-borewells may drilled down to a depth of 25 to 30m

below ground level, tapping the saturated shallow fracture below the regolith and in
top portion of the hard basement. The wells should be fitted with 2 H.P. centrifugal /
submersible pumps may sustain yield up to 3 lps.

Borewells : Borewells may tap the deeper saturated fractures found to occur in the
depth range of 100 to 120m. The borewells should be 100 to 150mm. diameter and
may be flitted with submersible pumps of 2 to 2.5 H.P Capacities. The wells drilled in
the vicinity of NNW-SSE and NE-SW trending lineaments are likely to be successful
which has been established based on exploratory drilling by CGWB in the Western
and Southern tracts of the district. The suitable sites for drilling may be selected in
the district with the aid of Remote Sensing studies, Surface Geological,
hydrogeological and Geophysical surveys.

Since the surface water resources are inadequate and the district often comes under
the grip of drought, development of ground water resources may help in expanding
irrigated agriculture in the district. An optimal utilisation of ground water in the district
requires adoption of a suitable cropping pattern and energisation of the wells. The
block wise ground water structures feasible as per Study Group Report (March,
2004) has been given in Table below.

Assesment Unit/ District No. of additional GW structures feasible for irrigation use
MDTW SDTW FPTW DW

Nawarangpur
0 20 48 25390

5.0 Ground Water Management Strategy

5.1 Ground Water Development

The Ground Water Development of the entire Nawarangpur is depicted in

Plate VI. Depending on the hydrogeological condition of the area the development
possibilities has been predicted.

Water Conservation & Artificial Recharge

Nawarangpur district is mostly traversed by Precambrian consolidated

formations. The deeper water level of the order of 5-10 mbgl is observed near
Papadahandi, Nawarangpur and Chandahandi block. The Papadahandi blocks
mostly shows deeper water condition during pre monsoon and post monsoon periods
due to rapid recessation of ground water level. The data of water level of 10 years
shows fall in the Papadahadi and Umarkote blocks during Post monsoon period. This
is mainly due to prevailing topographic conditions and water table gradient, which
facilitates flow of ground water through nalas and rivers and streams as base flows.
To arrest the rapid decline of water table in these areas special studies may be taken
up to pin point the areas where water scarcity problems are more pronounced during
post monsoon and premonsoon period. In these pockets suitable sites are required to
be pin pointed to adopt artificial recharge techniques and rain water harvesting
methods based on site specific conditions. This artificial recharge will also help in
increase in storage and also in improving the quality of water etc. The most feasible
artificial recharge and rain water harvesting structures are percolation tanks,
nala/contour bunding, small check dams/weirs, renovation of old tanks to percolation
tanks, subsurface dykes, water spreading, gully plugging, gabion structures etc.

6.0 Ground Water related issues & Problems

Ground Water Problems: The ground water problems include Ground Water
Pollution and Ground Water Depletion.

Ground Water Pollution: Based on the chemical analyses of water samples

collected from different aquifers, it is observed that almost all chemical constituents
are well with in the permissible limit for drinking as well as irrigational purposes.
However, in the localized patches of Jharigaon and Chandahandi blocks the
concentration of Nitrate and Fluoride is found to be 111mg/l and 2.1 mg/l respectively
which are higher than the permissible limit

Ground Water Depletion: The stage of ground water development in different blocks
varies from 6.91 % ( Chandahandi ) to 16.68 % ( Kosagumunda ) with the overall
stage of development 11.17% in the district. From the perusal of 10 years of data it
has been realized that there is a falling trend in 46.4% of water level measuring wells
within the range of 0-2 m during pre monsoon and 13.5% of wells shows fall during
post monsoon within range of 0-2 m. Chandahandi, Papadahandi and Nawarangpur
blocks show major fall during premonsoon period. Umarkote and Papadahandi
blocks shows major fall during postmonsoon.
7.0 Awareness & Training Activity

Mass Awareness Programme (MAP) & Water Management Training Programme

(WMTP) by CGWB

Nawarangpur town, Nawarangpur Blocks, Nawarangpur District

The Mass Awareness programme on “Groundwater Development, Protection &

Conservation” as well as the Training Programme on the Watershed Management
were organized on 17th February 2006 and 18th February, 2006 on aegis of CGWA at
the Mission Shakti Conference Hall (DRDA) in Nabarangpur Town, Nabarangpur
District, Orissa. The main aim of the programme was to make the State Government
machinery and the general public aware of the ground water situation in the district
and its importance on conservation and protection from pollution hazards.

Sri Bhaskar Sarma, IAS, Collector & District Magistrate, Nabarangpur

inaugurated the function as the chief guest. Speaking on the occasion, the chief
guest Sri. Sarma stressed on the need for conservation and recharge to ground
water. Deliberations on ground water development protection and conservation were
held among the participants and CGWB scientists.

The Mass Awareness Programme was attended by a large number of people from
various departments /organizations like State Govt. Officers, Zilla Parisad Members,
District level Officials, NGOs, VOs, leading farmers etc. About 120 persons attended
the programme. The public actively participated in the programme and interacted with
the scientists on various issues of ground water conservation and management in
Nabarangpur District.

The exhibition was arranged in which the achievements of CGWB were displayed
through different models, plates, photographs and instruments. Different posters
were displayed for conservation of ground water, ground water pollution and its
effects and slogans protecting this valuable resource. The programme have
received high appreciation and were widely covered by press as well as electronic
media.

8.0 Areas Notified by CGWA

The stage of Groundwater development is well within Safe Category and there is no
overexploitation and major threat of Groundwater pollution and depletion. Hence no
area has been notified by CGWA.
9.0 Recommendations
1. Large scale planning for Ground Water Resources development should be
preceded by intensive hydrogeological and geophysical survey aided by Remote
Sensing studies and ground truth data.

2. Bore wells/dug wells should be located in the vicinity of NNW-SSE and NE-SW
trending lineaments which have been proved to be high yielding & productive and in
thickly buried pediment areas.

3. Existing dug wells should be deepened to tap the maximum saturated thickness of
the weathered mantle or vertical bores maybe drilled to enhance the yield of the well
where normally the dug wells get dried up.

4. Energisation of wells should be stepped up to ensure optimal utilisation of the

ground water resources to create additional irrigation potential.

5. The State Ground Water Organization should render expert guidance for sitting
ground water structures in favourable hydrogeological settings.

6. The farmers should be educated through agricultural extension services, Mass

Awareness and water management training programme to adopt suitable cropping
pattern, conservation of ground water and irrigation practices especially for drought
tolerant crops for optimal utilisation of available ground water resources.

7.Programme for artificial recharge may also be taken up in areas where deeper
water table condition coupled with high fluctuation is observed for augmentation of
ground water resources through construction of percolation tanks, subsurface dykes,
check dams, nala bunding and contour bunding and other site specific favourable
artificial recharge structures.

8. In areas of shallow water table lying with in 0 to 5 m bgl during post monsoon
period, surface water bodies like local ponds, farm ponds and small earthen dam
along small streams may be constructed to hold water for long duration and for
replenishment of soil moisture.

9. For augmentation of drinking water supply to the major towns and villages near the
major rivers, infiltration galleries or collector wells may be constructed in suitable
locales to fruitfully harness the base flow /subsurface flow which otherwise goes as
waste.

10. Growth of sugarcane and cash crops may be encouraged along the thin linear
alluvial patches lying adjacent to major rivers where prolific ground water is available
throughout the year.
Plate - 1

INDEX MAP OF NOWRANGPUR DISTRICT, ORISSA

Plate II

DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL MAP OF PRE-MONSOON (APRIL, 2011)

Plate III
DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL MAP OF POST MONSOON (NOV, 2011)
Plate- VI
GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT POSSIBILITES MAP OF
NAWARANGPUR DISTRICT, ORISSA