Mahatma Education Society’s

Pillai College of Arts, Commerce & Science

(Autonomous)
Affiliated to University of Mumbai
New Panvel

Syllabus for S. Y. B.Sc. Semester IV

Program: B.Sc. Biotechnology

(Semester based Credit and Grading system for the

academic year 2019-20)
S. Y. B. Sc Biotechnology

Semester IV
Course Code Course Course Title Theory/ Mark Credits Lectures
Type Practical s /Week

PUSBT401 Core Biochemistry Theory 100 2 3

PUSBT402 Core Applied Chemistry II Theory 100 2 3
PUSBT403 Core Medical Microbiology Theory 100 2 3
PUSBT404 Core Environmental Biotechnology Theory 100 2 3
PUSBT405 Core Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Theory 100 2 3
PUSBT406 Core Molecular Diagnostics Theory 100 2 3
PUSBT407 Core Entrepreneurship Development Theory 100 2 3
PUSBT408P Core Practical ( PUSBT401 + PUSBT402) Practical 100 2 6
PUSBT409P Core Practical ( PUSBT403 + PUSBT404) Practical 100 2 6
PUSBT410P Core Practical ( PUSBT405 + PUSBT406) Practical 100 2 6
Total 1000 20 39

1
Theory

2
BOS Biotechnology
Class S. Y. B. Sc
Semester IV
Subject Name Biochemistry
Subject Code PUSBT401
Level of Subject Basic

Objectives:
To gain an insight into the Metabolic Processes associated with
1. Catabolism of Carbohydrates
2. Catabolism of Amino Acids
3. Catabolism of Lipids and Nucleotides.

Unit Name of Unit Topic Name of Topic Number of

No. No. Lectures
I Carbohydrate 1.1 Glycolytic Pathway and its Regulation, 15
Metabolism, Homolactic Fermentation;
ETS and AlcoholicFermentation;
Energy Rich Energetics of Fermentation; Citric Acid Cycle
Compounds and its Regulation;Gluconeogenesis; Pentose
Phosphate Pathway;
Glyoxalate Pathway; Reductive TCA .
(Sequence of Reactions, Regulation, Energy
Yield and Metabolic Disorders of the above
Pathways)
1.2 Electron Transport System :
Electron Transport and Oxidative
Phosphorylation.
Inhibitors of ETS.
1.3 Energy Rich Compounds :ATP as Energy
Currency, Structure of ATP, Hydrolysis,
Other Energy Rich Compounds other than
ATP like PEP, Creatine Phosphate, etc.
II Amino Acid 2.1 Deamination, Transamination, 15
Metabolism Urea Cycle, Breakdown of Glucogenic and
KetogenicAmino Acids
2.2 Amino Acids as Biosynthetic Precursors:
Biosynthesis of Epinephrine,
Dopamine,Serotonin, GABA,
Histamine, Glutathione
2.3 Metabolic Disorders :Tyrosinemia, Albinism,
Alkaptonuria, Phenylketonuria
III 3.1 Mobilization of fat from adipose tissue, 15
Transport of Fatty Acids.

3
Lipid and 3.2 Beta, Alpha and Omega Oxidation of
Nucleotide Saturated Fatty Acids; Oxidation of
Metabolism Unsaturated Fatty Acids; Oxidation of Odd
Chain Fatty Acids. Energy Yield, Ketone
Body Breakdown to Yield Energy.(Sequence
of Reactions, Regulation, Energy Yield and
Metabolic Disorders of the above Pathways)
3.3 Nucleotide Metabolism :
Degradation of Purines and Pyrimidines.
Associated Metabolic disorders : Primary
gout and Secondary Gout
TOTAL LECTURES 45

Expected outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:
1. Understand various metabolic pathways operating in the body and its regulation
2. Understand the electron transport chain
3. Learn the disorders associated with metabolic pathway

Reference Books:
1. Biochemistry:3rd Edition, Satyanarayan and Chakrapani
2. Lehninger principles of biochemistry, 4th Edition, David Nelson and Michael Cox
3. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. 3rd Edition (2008), Donald Voet& Judith Voet , John
Wiley and Sons, I. USA
4. Biochemistry: 7th Edition, (2012), Jeremy Berg, LubertStryer, W.H.Freeman and
company, NY
5. Outlines of Biochemistry: 5th Edition, (2009), Erice Conn & Paul Stumpf ; John Wiley
and Sons, USA
6. Principles of Biochemistry, 4th Edition (1997), JefforyZubey, McGraw-Hill College,USA

4
BOS Biotechnology
Class S. Y. B. Sc
Semester IV
Subject Name Applied Chemistry II
Subject Code PUSBT402
Level of Subject Moderate

Objectives:
1. To build knowledge of natural products, polymers and techniques of separation.

Unit Name of Topic No. Name of Topic Number

No. Unit of
Lectures
I Sampling 1.1 Sampling: Importance of Sampling and Sampling, 15
and Techniques. Types of Sampling - Random and
Separation Non-Random Sampling of Solids, Liquids and
Techniques Gases. Separation Techniques: Types of
Separation Techniques - Filtration, Zone Refining,
Distillation, Vacuum Distillation.
1.2 Solvent Extraction - Partition Coefficient and
Distribution Ratio, Extraction Efficiency,
Separation Factor.
1.3 Role of Complexing Agents, Chelation, Ion Pair
Formation, Solvation, and Soxhlation.
Centrifugation-Basic Principles of Sedimentation.
II Natural 2.1 Natural Product Chemistry: Primary and 15
Product Secondary Metabolites. Classification of Natural
Chemistry Products based on Bio-Synthesis
2.2 Classification of Natural Products based on
Structure- Alkaloids, Phenolics, Essential Oils and
Steroids. Structure and uses of terpenes. Structure
Determination of Natural Products. Commercial
Synthesis of Natural Products
2.3 Chromatographic Separation of Natural Products:
Gas Chromatography and its Applications. Liquid
Chromatography: HPLC and its Applications.
HPTLC for Separation and Analysis of Natural
Products.
III Polymers 3.1 Polymers: Introduction to Polymers. Types of 15
and Polymers -Monomer, Polymer, Homopolymer,
Nanomateria Copolymer, Thermoplastics and Thermosets,
ls Addition and Condensation Polymers (Examples
and Uses). Stereochemistry of Polymers.
Biodegradable Polymers. Biomedical uses of
synthetic and biopolymers polymer.
3.2 Nanomaterials: Introduction to Nanomaterials.
Forms of Nanomaterials: Nanoparticles,

5
Nanofilms and Nanotubes Synthesis and
Characterization of Nanomaterials. Applications
of Nanomaterials.
TOTAL LECTURES 45

Expected outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:
1. Develop an understanding of the different aspects of Analytical Chemistry.
2. Gain knowledge of Natural Product Chemistry, its classification and techniques of
separation.
3. Gain an understanding of basic concepts in Polymer Chemistry and Nanomaterials. Also
the medicinal applications of polymer chemistry.

Reference Books:
1. Chemistry of natural products- S.V.Bhat.
2. Principles of polymer chemistry- Paul J.Flory
3. Selection of the HPLC Method in Chemical Analysis- Serban C. Moldoveanu, Victor
David.
4. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry- 2nd Edition by S.M.Khopkar.

6
BOS Biotechnology
Class S. Y. B. Sc
Semester III
Subject Name Medical Microbiology
Subject Code PUSBT403
Level of Subject Moderate

Objectives:
1. To gain insight into Disease Factors and Processes and Diseases Caused by
microorganisms.
2. To provide knowledge on the students handling, isolating and identifying various
bacteria.

Unit Name of Unit Topic Name of Topic Number

No. No. of
Lectures
I Infectious 1.1 Host Parasite Relationship: Normal Flora; Factors 15
Diseases Affecting the Course of Infection and Disease;
Mechanisms of Infection and Virulence Factors.
1.2 Infection: Patterns of Infection; Types of
Infections; Signs and Symptoms; Epidemiology
and Epidemiological Markers.
1.3 Diseases: Origin of Pathogens, Reservoir of
infection; Acquisition of Infection; Koch’s
Postulates.
II Medical Study of a few pathogens with respect to Morphological, 15
Microbiology cultural, biochemical characteristics, pathogenesis & clinical
Causative features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention
Organisms- I 2.1 S. aureus,
S. pyogenes
2.2 M. tuberculosis
S. pneumoniae
2.3 E.coli
Proteus
III Medical Study of a few pathogens with respect to Morphological, 15
Microbiology - cultural, biochemical characteristics, pathogenesis & clinical
Causative features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention
Organisms- II 3.1 Salmonella sp.
Shigella sp.
3.2 HIV
3.3 P. aeruginosa
Candida albicans
TOTAL LECTURES 45

7
Expected outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:

1. List the factors playing a role in causing a disease.

2. Discuss the various aspects of Systemic Infections including Causative Agents,
Symptoms and Prophylaxis.
3. Gain the technical capability of handling, isolating and identifying various Bacteria.

Reference Books:

1. Pelczar M.J., Chan E.C.S., Krieg Pelczar M.J., Chan E.C.S., Krieg N.R.,
Microbiology(6th Edition) ,The McGraw Hill Companies Inc.NY
2. Presscott‘s Microbiology, (8th edition ), Joanne M Willey, Joanne Willey,Linda
Sherwood, Linda M Sherwood, Christopher J Woolverton, Chris Woolverton,
McGrawHil Science Enginering,USA
3. Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology, 26th Edition, Lange
publication
4. Ananthanarayan and P anicker’s, Textbook of Microbiology, 8th edition
5. Tortora, Funke, Case- Microbiology- An introduction (9th edition), Pearson
pulication

8
BOS Biotechnology
Class S. Y. B. Sc
Semester IV
Subject Name Environmental Biotechnology
Subject Code PUSBT404
Level of Subject Moderate

Objectives:
1. The objective of this course is to gain awareness about different Types of Environmental
Pollution and Related Issues.
2. to understand how to detoxify the harmful chemicals released in the environment by the
use of microorganisms.

Unit Name of Unit Topic No. Name of Topic Number of

No. Lectures
I Environmental 1.1 Sources of Pollution. 15
pollution Air Pollution :Types; Sources; Classification
of AirPollutants; Air Pollution Monitoring
andControl.
1.2 Water Pollution Causes, Types and
Classification;Eutrophication; Assessment of
Water Quality-Pollutant Monitoring and
Control;
1.3 Soil and Solid Waste Pollution :
Characteristics of Wastes, Impacts of Solid
Waste on Health, Occupational Hazards and
Control.
1.4 Marine pollution : causes, effects and control
majors
II Global 2.1 Green House Effect :Factors Responsible for 15
Environmental Green House Effect;Green House Gases.
Problems and 2.2 Global Warming; Ozone Depletion;
Issues
2.3 KyotoProtocol; UV Radiation; Acid Rain.
III Bioremediation 3.1 Concept of Bioremediation. Microorganisms 15
in Bioremediation, Mycoremediation and
Phytoremediation.
3.2 Bioremediation Technologies. Measuring
Bioremediation in the Field.
Bioaugmentation and Biostimulation.
3.3 Monitoring the Efficacy of Bioremediation.
TOTAL LECTURES 45

9
Expected outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:

1. Gain an understanding of the causes, types and control methods for Environmental
Pollution.
2. Application of different life forms in Environmental Remediation.

Reference Books:
1. Industrial Microbiology- A. H. Patel
2. Environmental biotechnology – Indu shekhar thakur
3. Microbiology- Frobisher
4. Microbiology - 5th Edition- Pelczar
5. Fundamental of Bacteriology - 11th Edition- A. J. Salle

10
BOS Biotechnology
Class S. Y. B. Sc
Semester IV
Subject Name Bioinformatics and Biostatistics
Subject Code PUSBT405
Level of Subject Moderate

Objectives:
1. learning and understanding basic concepts of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics

Unit Name of Unit Topic No. Name of Topic Number

No. of
Lectures
I Introduction to 1.1 Computer Basics : Organization of a 15
Computers and Computer; I/O Units; Computer Memory;
Biological Processor; Binary Arithmetic; Logic
Databases Circuit; Architecture; Operating System.
Internet Basics: Connecting to the
Internet, E-mail, FTP, www, Difference
between www and Internet.
1.2 Biological Databases : Importance and
Classification of Databases.Raw and
Processed Database. Primary, Secondary
and tertiary databases.
Nucleic acid sequence databases:
GenBank, EMBL, DDBJ; Protein
sequence databases: Uniprot-KB: SWISS-
PROT, TrEMBL
1.3 Protein Structure Databases: PDB, NDB,
PubChem
Classification Databases (CATH/SCOP).
Model Organism Databases:SGD, MGD,
FlyBase, Wormbase
Protein Databases based on Composition,
Motifs and Patterns.
Protein Structure Visualization Software.
II BLAST and 2.1 Pairwise Alignment: Identity, Similarity 15
Sequence and Homology; Scoring matrices: basic
Alignment concept of a scoring matrix, PAM and
BLOSUM series Pairwise sequence
alignments: basic concepts of sequence
alignment (Global and Local Alignment),
Dot Matrix
2.2 BLAST and Sequence Alignment:
BLAST and its Types. FASTA
2.3 Multiple Sequence Alignment: Goal of
Multiple Sequence Alignment;

11
Simultaneous Methods; Progressive
Methods; Databases of Multiple
Alignment; MSA and Phylogenetic Trees.
III Biostatistics 3.1 Theory and Problems based on 15
Coefficient of Correlation and
Regression Analysis
3.2 Steps in Testing Statistical
Hypothesis; Parametric Tests:- Z
Test – Single Mean and Two
Means, tTest – Single Mean,
Paired and Unpaired; ChiSquare
Test.
TOTAL LECTURES 45

Expected outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:
1. Gain an understanding of the basic concepts of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics.
2. Understand the tools used in Bioinformatics.
3. Apply the various Statistical Tools for Analysis of Biological Data.

Reference Books:
1. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics by Pevsner, J. A. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
USA(2009).
2. Bioinformatics: Methods and Applications. S. C. Rastogi, Namita Mendiratta, Parag
Rastogi. PHI Learning Pvt Ltd.
3. Ideker et al. A new approach to decoding life: Systems Biology. Annual Review on
Genomics and Human Genetics 2001, 2: 343-372.
4. Kitano, Systems Biology: A Brief Overview. Science, 2002, 295: 1662-1664.
5. Biostatistics. P. N. Arora and P. K. Malhan. Himalaya Pub. House (2010)
6. Introduction to Bio-Statistics. P. K. Banerjee. S Chand & Company

12
BOS Biotechnology
Class S. Y. B. Sc
Semester IV
Subject Name Molecular Diagnostics
Subject Code PUSBT406
Level of Subject Basic

Objectives:
1. Learning and understanding Molecular Techniques and utilizing these techniques in Diagnosis.

Unit Name of Unit Topic No Name of Topic Number

No. . of
Lectures
I Basics of 1.1 Introduction to Molecular Diagnostics : 15
Molecular Overview; History; Post Genomic Era;
Diagnostics Future Prospects - Commercialising
Molecular Diagnostics,
Personalized Medicine, Theranostics.
1.2 Characterisation and analysis of Nucleic –
Acids and Proteins :
Extraction, Isolation and Detection of DNA,
RNA and Proteins, Use of Restriction
endonuclease in molecular diagnostics.
1.3 Hybridisation Techniques :
Southern, Northern, Western, Eastern
blotting and FISH; Markers, Probes and its
Clinical applications.
II Nucleic Acid 2.1 Target amplification : 15
Amplification PCR - General Principle; Components of a
Methods Typical PCR Reaction; Experimental
Design;
Primer Designing; Control of PCR
Contamination and Mispriming; PCR
Product
Clean-up and Detection.
PCR Types:
Reverse Transcriptase and Real Time PCR.
2.2 Probe amplification :
Ligase Chain Reaction
III Molecular 3.1 DNA Polymorphism and Identification: 15
Biology based RFLP in Parentage Testing and Sickle-Cell
Diagnostics Anaemia.
3.2 Molecular Diagnostics for Infectious
Diseases: Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Candida and HIV-1;
3.3 Genetic Testing and Genetic Counselling:
Genetic Testing- Need and Uses;

13
Case Studies- Diagnostic Testing for Cystic
Fibrosis; Fragile X Diagnostic and Carrier
Testing.
Genetic Counselling
Ethical, Social and Legal Issues in Genetic
Testing
TOTAL LECTURES 45

Expected outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:
1. Gain an understanding of the basic Principles used in Molecular Diagnosis.
2. Gain critical thinking and analytical skills to understand new Diagnostic Methods.
3. Apply the knowledge and skills gained in the course should be useful in developing new
Diagnostic Kits.

Reference Books:
1. Molecular diagnostics- Fundamentals, methods and clinical applications –Buckingham and
Flaws F.A. Davis Company Philadelphia.
2. iGenetics- Peter Russell -Pearson Education
3. Molecular diagnostics for the clinical laboratorian by coleman and Tsongalis, Humana
press
4. Genetics in medicin-by Thompson and Thompson
5. Emery’s Elements of Medical Genetics-by Peter D Turnpenny & Sian Ellard

14
BOS Biotechnology
Class S. Y. B. Sc
Semester IV
Subject Name Entrepreneurship Development
Subject Code PUSBT407
Level of Subject Basic

Objectives:
1. To develop and systematically apply an Entrepreneurial way of thinking that will allow
identification and creation of Business Opportunities.
Unit Name of Unit Topic Name of Topic Number
No. No. of
Lectures
I Introduction to 1.1 Concept of Entrepreneur; Entrepreneurship; 15
Entrepreneurship Need and Importance;
Development 1.2 Factors Influencing
Entrepreneurship; Essentials of a Successful
Entrepreneur
1.3 Examples of Biotech Entrepreneurs
II Setting-up of an 2.1 Location of Enterprise; Real Estate and 15
Enterprise and Human Resource Planning, Financial
Planning Planning; Role of Government and Financial
Institutions in Entrepreneurship
Development; Raising Money from Venture
Capitalists, Government Grants
2.2 Product
Selection and Ideas; Project Planning and
Formulation; Project Feasibility
Assessment;
2.3 Regulatory Affairs, Corporate Laws,
Innovation, IPR generation and Protection,
Preparation of a Business Plan,
Characteristics and Importance of
Planning;
III Marketing, Sales, 3.1 Marketing Plan for an Entrepreneur; 15
Advertising and Strategic
International Alliances, Advertising and Sales Promotion;
Market research 3.2 Market Assessment, Need for International
Market Research, Domestic vs. International
Market Research, Cost and Methodology of
Market Research, Desk and Field Research
IV Internal 4.1 Submission and Presentation of Business
Evaluation Proposal for any Biotechnological Product/
Enterprise

15
TOTAL LECTURES 45

Expected outcomes: By the end of the course the student will be able to:
1. Develop an understanding of the systematic process and to select and screen a Business
Idea.
2. Design strategies for successful implementation of ideas.
3. Write a Business Plan.
Reference Books:
1. Entrepreneurship – Kurup
2. Handbook of Entrepreneurship development- Basotia and Sharma

16
PRACTICALS

17
SEMESTER III
Course code Title Credits
UBTP401 1. Determination of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Activity in 2
Blood Serum.
(PRACTICALS
based on 2. Determination of Total, LDL and HDL Cholesterol in Serum.
UBT401and 3. Organ Function Tests: Liver (SGPT, SGOT); Kidney (Urea from
UBT402) Serum).
4. Estimation of Uric Acid and Creatinine in Urine.
5. Qualitative Detection of Ketone Body in Urine.
6. Isolation of Mitochondria and Demonstration of ETC using a
Marker Enzyme.
7. Separation of Binary (Solid-Solid) Mixture (Min 4 Compounds).

8. Identification of Organic Compound of Known Chemical Type

(Min 4 Compounds).
9. HPLC analysis and Interpretation of any one Secondary
Metabolite from Plants
10. Analysis of Essential Oils from any Plant Source using GC.
11. HPTLC fingerprint analysis of any one Medicinally Important
Plant.
12. Chemical and Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and
its Characterisation by UV- VIS Spectrophotometer.

Course code Title Credits

UBTP402 1. Identification of S.aureus-Isolation, Catalase, Coagulase Test. 2
(PRACTICALS 2. Identification of E.coli-Isolation, Sugar Fermentations, IMViC.
based on 3. Identification of Salmonella- Isolation, Sugar Fermentations, TSI
UBT403and Slant.
UBT404) 4. Identification of Shigella- Isolation, Sugar Fermentations, TSI
Slant.
5. Identification of Proteus- Isolation, Sugar Fermentations,
IMViC.
6. Identification of Pseudomonas - Isolation, Urease test, Oxidase
Test, TSI Slant.
7. RPR Test (Kit Based).
8. Permanent Slide- Mycobacterium.
9. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD).
10. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).
11. Isolation of Bacteria from Air by Gravity Sedimentation Method.

12. Most Probable Number (MPN) – Presumptive, Confirmed and

Completed Tests.

18
Course code Title Credits
UBTP403 1. Familiarization with NCBI, EMBL, DDBJ, PIR, KEGG 2
(PRACTICALS Databases. 2. Use of NCBI BLAST Tool.
2. Pairwise and Multiple Sequence Alignment and Phylogeny.
based on
3. Classification of Proteins using CATH/SCOP.
UBT405and
UBT406) 4. Visualization PDB Molecules using Rasmol/Raswin.
5. Handling and Calibration of Micropipette.
6. Isolation, Quantitative Analysis and AGE of Genomic DNA
from Bacteria and Yeast.
7. Isolation and Detection of RNA from Bacteria and Yeast.
8. Restriction Enzyme Digestion.
9. RFLP- Kit Based.
10. Primer Designing through Open Online Source NCBI- BLAST.
11. DNA Amplification – PCR.

19