SCIENCE 10

SUMMATIVE TEST
By: Ma’am Ronelyn A. Donguines

I. Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic (EM) waves are a type of wave that can travel through a vacuum and do not
require a medium for propagation. These waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic
fields that are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of wave propagation. EM
waves span a broad range of frequencies, forming the electromagnetic spectrum, which
includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays,
and gamma rays. Each type of EM wave has different properties, such as wavelength,
frequency, and energy, and they are used in various applications ranging from
communication technologies to medical imaging. The speed of all EM waves in a vacuum is
the speed of light, approximately 3 × 10^8 meters per second.

1.Which of the following statements best describes electromagnetic waves?

a) They require a medium to travel.

b) They consist of vibrating sound waves.

c) They consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

d) They can only travel through solids.

2. What is the primary factor that differentiates one type of EM wave from another?

a) The amplitude of the wave

b) The wavelength and frequency

c) The temperature at which it propagates

d) The strength of the electric field

3.Which of the following is NOT part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

a) Radio waves

b) Sound waves

c) Microwaves

d) Gamma rays

4. What is the speed of all EM waves in a vacuum?

a) 150,000 km/s

b) 3 × 10^8 m/s

c) 300 km/s

d) 2 × 10^6 m/s
5. Which EM wave is used for medical imaging and can penetrate soft tissue?

a) Radio waves

b) X-rays

c) Microwaves

d) Infrared radiation

II. Application and effects of Electromagnetic waves

Electromagnetic (EM) waves have a wide range of applications across various fields due
to their diverse properties. Radio waves are used for communication in radio, television,
and mobile phones. Microwaves are used for cooking in microwave ovens and for radar
systems in aviation and meteorology. Infrared radiation has applications in night-vision
cameras, thermal imaging, and remote controls. Visible light, a small part of the EM
spectrum, enables sight and is used in technologies like fiber optics for communication.
Ultraviolet (UV) rays are used in sterilization and disinfection, as well as in medical
treatments. X-rays are crucial in medical imaging and security scanning, while gamma
rays are used in cancer treatment. Despite their many benefits, EM waves can have
harmful effects, especially at higher frequencies. Prolonged exposure to UV rays can cause
skin damage and increase the risk of skin cancer, while excessive exposure to high-energy
X-rays and gamma rays can lead to radiation sickness and tissue damage. The effects of
EM waves depend on their frequency and intensity.

6. How do radio waves benefit modern communication?

a) By cooking food faster

b) By transmitting information over long distances without a physical medium

c) By causing radioactivity

d) By increasing the temperature of objects

7. What is the primary use of microwaves in radar systems?

a) To detect objects and measure distances

b) To cook food

c) To sterilize medical equipment

d) To produce visible light

8. Which of the following is a harmful effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation?

a) Increased production of vitamin D in the skin

b) Skin aging and increased risk of skin cancer

c) Better visibility in low light

d) Enhanced communication signals

9. Why are X-rays used in medical imaging?

a) They can heat up tissues for treatment

b) They can penetrate soft tissues and provide clear images of bones and organs

c) They are visible to the human eye

d) They can sterilize medical instruments

10. What is the primary use of gamma rays in the medical field?

a) For diagnosing broken bones

b) For sterilization of medical tools

c) For cancer treatment through radiation therapy

d) For imaging soft tissues

III. Qualitative Characteristics of Images

Qualitative characteristics of images refer to the attributes that determine the clarity,
detail, and overall quality of a visual representation. Key characteristics include resolution,
contrast, brightness, color accuracy, and sharpness. Resolution refers to the amount of detail
an image holds, with higher resolution images displaying more pixels and finer detail.
Contrast measures the difference between light and dark areas, while brightness indicates the
overall lightness or darkness of the image. Color accuracy ensures that the colors in an image
match what is seen in the real world. Sharpness reflects how clear and distinct the edges of
objects are within the image. These characteristics are crucial for various fields such as
photography, digital imaging, and medical imaging, where precision and clarity are essential.
High-quality images allow for better analysis and interpretation, making these qualities
particularly important in applications like image diagnostics, graphics design, and media
production.

11. Which of the following factors is most directly related to the clarity of an
image?

a) Brightness

b) Resolution

c) Color accuracy

d) Sharpness

12. How does contrast affect the perception of an image?

a) It affects the sharpness of the edges.

b) It determines the overall brightness of the image.

c) It enhances the distinction between light and dark areas.

d) It increases the pixel density.

13. What is the primary role of resolution in an image?

a) To adjust the brightness and darkness

b) To determine the size of the image on a screen

c) To measure the amount of detail and clarity in the image

d) To enhance the color richness

14. Which qualitative characteristic is most important for accurately

reproducing colors in an image?

a) Contrast

b) Sharpness

c) Brightness

d) Color accuracy

15. Why is sharpness an important characteristic in medical imaging?

a) It makes the image visually appealing.

b) It ensures clear and distinct edges for accurate diagnosis.

c) It increases the overall brightness of the image.

d) It adjusts the overall color accuracy.

IV. Simple Electric Motors and Generators

A simple electric motor and generator are both devices that convert energy from one form
to another, but they operate on opposite principles. An electric motor converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy using the interaction between a magnetic field and a current-
carrying conductor. When electricity flows through the coil of wire in the motor, it experiences
a force due to the magnetic field, causing the coil to rotate. This rotational motion can be
used to power various devices, from small toys to large machinery. In contrast, a generator
converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. When a coil of wire is rotated within a
magnetic field, an electric current is induced in the coil due to electromagnetic induction. The
motion of the coil in the magnetic field generates an electrical current, which can be used to
power electrical devices. Both devices rely on the principles of electromagnetism but work in
opposite directions—one transforms electrical energy into motion, and the other transforms
mechanical energy into electricity.

16. Which of the following best describes the main function of an electric
motor?

a) Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

b) Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy

c) Increases electrical energy efficiency

d) Stores electrical energy for later use

17. How does the direction of current affect the motion of a simple electric
motor?

a) Reversing the current direction will stop the motion.

b) Reversing the current direction will change the direction of rotation.

c) The current direction has no impact on the motion.

d) Reversing the current direction will increase the speed.

18. Which principle is the basis for the operation of both electric motors
and generators?

a) Ohm's Law

b) Electromagnetic induction

c) Conservation of energy

d) The law of conservation of momentum

19. What is the primary purpose of a generator?

a) To convert electrical energy into mechanical energy

b) To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy

c) To increase the voltage of an electrical current

d) To store electrical energy

20. In which scenario would a generator be used instead of an electric

motor?

a) When you need to power a fan using electrical energy

b) When you need to convert wind energy into electrical energy

c) When you need to rotate a coil to produce a magnetic field

d) When you need to increase the efficiency of an electric motor

ANSWER KEY

1. c) They consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

2. b) The wavelength and frequency.
3. b) Sound waves.
4. b) 3 × 10^8 m/s.
5. b) X-rays.
6. b) By transmitting information over long distances without a physical
medium.
7. a) To detect objects and measure distances.
8. b) Skin aging and increased risk of skin cancer.
9. b) They can penetrate soft tissues and provide clear images of bones and
organs.
10.c) For cancer treatment through radiation therapy.

11.b) Resolution.
12.c) It enhances the distinction between light and dark areas.

13.c) To measure the amount of detail and clarity in the image.

14.d) Color accuracy.
15.b) It ensures clear and distinct edges for accurate diagnosis.

16.b) Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

17.b) Reversing the current direction will change the direction of rotation.

18.b) Electromagnetic induction.

19.b) To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
20.b) When you need to convert wind energy into electrical energy.