APPROACHES TO
LANGUAGE TEACHING
Objective/s
◈ Students must be able to explain the different
language teaching methods; and
◈ Students must be able to differentiate
thelanguage teaching methods.
APPROACHES TO LANGUAGE
TEACHING
01 02 03
GRAMMAR-T AUDIOLINGU COGNITIVE-C
RANSLATION ALISM ODE
METHOD LEARNING
APPROACHES TO LANGUAGE
TEACHING
04 05 06
TOTAL
DIRECT NATURAL
PHYSICAL
METHOD APPROACH
RESPONSE
APPROACHES TO LANGUAGE
TEACHING
07 08
SUGGESTOPEDI DESUGGESTOPEDI
A A
GRAMMAR TRANSLATION
METHOD
◈ a method of learning any foreign language by
the practice of translating or converting the
sentences of the native language into the target
language or vice versa.
AUDIOLINGUALISM
◈ is a method which emphasizes the teaching of
listening and speaking before reading and
writing.
◈ It uses dialogues as the main form of language
presentation and drills as the main training
techniques.
COGNITIVE-CODE LEARNING
◈ Advocated by cognitive psychologists and
applied linguistics J.B Carroll and K.
Chastain in the 1960s.
◈ Known for its advocacy that language learning
involves active mental processes.
◈ Lessons focused on learning grammatical
structures.
COGNITIVE-CODE LEARNING
◈ Emphasized the importance of meaningful
practice, and the structures were presented
inductively.
◈ One of the most important concepts in the
Cognitive Code Approach is meaningful practice.
DIRECT METHOD
◈ Developed as a response to the
Grammar-translation method.
◈ Based on the idea that learners should experience
a new language in a similar way to how they
learned their first language.
◈ Learning language through immersion and
context.
DIRECT METHOD
◈ This method focuses on developing active
communication skills, such as speaking and
listening.
◈ Uses visual materials and real-life objects to help
learners associate words and ideas with
experiences.
NATURAL APPROACH
◈ A method of language teaching developed Tracy
Terrel and Stephen Krashen.
◈ Focuses on creating a low-stress environment for
language learning and allows learners to
“pick-up” language naturally by listening and
comprehending.
NATURAL APPROACH
◈ Focuses on comprehension and communication.
◈ Aims for a language acquisition process that is
more relaxed and similar to first language
learning.
TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE
◈ A method of language teaching created by Dr.
James Asher.
◈ Combines language learning with physical
actions to reinforce understanding. The teacher
gives commands, and learners respond with
physical actions.
TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE
◈ Useful for beginner levels, especially with young
learners, as it reduces anxiety and makes learning
more engaging.
SUGGESTOPEDIA AND
DESSUGESTOPEDIA
◈ Suggestopedia and
Desuggestopedia is a
method developed in
1970s by the Bulgarian
psychiatrist educator
Georgi Lozanov
(1926-2012).
SUGGESTOPEDIA
◈ It is a teaching method and considered to be one of
the humanistic approaches in which students learn
quickly by being made to feel relaxed, interested
and positive.
◈ One of the fundamental principles of this method is
that if the students are relaxed and confident, they
will not need to try hard to learn the target
language. It will come naturally and easily.
DESUGGESTOPEDIA
◈ Desuggest is the opposite of suggest. It is used to
eliminate the negative feeling.
◈ It has been developed to help students eliminate
the feeling that they cannot be successful or the
negative association they may have toward
studying and, thus, to help them overcome the
barriers to learning.
DESUGGESTOPEDIA
◈ It help students feel confident by removing any
negative thoughts about their ability to learn.
◈ One of the teacher’s main roles is to see that
she/he creates the right environment for the
students in which they find it easy to learn
(Knight, 2001, p. 154).
