Key to CONTENTS

Navjeevan Practice Book Sr. No. Chapter Name Pg. No.

n d ard 1. The Earth and the Graticule 3

ta

6
2. Let us use the Graticule 7

S
3. Comparing a Globe and a Map : Field Visits 12
4. Weather and Climate 14
5. Temperature 17
Teacher’s Copy
6. Importance of Oceans 21
7. Rocks and Rock Types 25
8. Natural Resources 30
Geography 9. Energy Resources 33
10. Human Occupations 38

1 2
Topic 1 : The Earth and the Graticule (2) The Taj Mahal is located in Agra.
Class Assignment (3) The Taj Mahal is located in the continent of Asia.
(A) (1) centre (2) parallel (3) 0 (4) For Graham, the Taj Mahal is in the South. For Katya, the Taj
(4) maximum, zero (5) location (6) globe Mahal is in the North. For Michico, the Taj Mahal is to the
West. For Minakshi the Taj Mahal is to the North West.
(B) (1) (1) - (b), (2) - (c), (3) - (a)
(5) According to Shahid, Minakshi is in the East, Graham is to the
(2) (1) - (c), (2) - (a), (3) - (b)
North; Kimberley is to the South West, Natalia is to the West
(C) (1) The parallels and meridians on the globe that form a net and Enrika is far West.
is called a graticule.
(6) Enrika will say that Natalia lives in the East and Natalia will
(2) One meridian is considered to be 0°. This is known as the
say that Enrika lives in the West. Yes, they both will be correct.
Prime Meridian.
Do it Yourself !
(D) (1) We can draw 181 parallels of latitude on the earth at the
intervals of 1°. (To be done by students with teacher help.)
(2) The degrees of parallels are measured from the equator. Can you tell ?
(3) The values of parallels are angular measures expressed in (To be done by students with teacher help.)
degrees.
Use your brain power !
(4) The distance between any two adjacent parallels and
parallel as the degrees of the
meridians is the same, which is 111 km.
parallels are measured from the equator. It is the largest
(5) Cairo, Harare and Durban in Africa are at an angular
parallel and a great circle. The equator divides the earth into
distance of 30° from the Prime Meridian.
two equal parts, the northern hemisphere and the southern
(6) We can draw 179 meridians in the Eastern Hemisphere hemisphere.
and 179 meridians in the Western Hemisphere. This is not
counting the 0° Prime Meridian and the 180° meridian. Do it Yourself !
Intext Exercises (To be done by students with teacher’s help.)
Make friends with maps! Use your brain power !
(1) Places shown on the map are North America, South America, At an interval of 10°, 36 meridians and 18 parallels can be
Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia and Antarctica. Oceans - Arctic drawn on a globe.
Ocean, Southern Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and
Indian Ocean.

Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 3 4 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
Textual Exercises (E)
(A) (1) Parallels (2) Semicircular (3) Graticule Characteristics Parallels of latitude Meridians of
(4) 90 (5) 0° Prime Meridian and 180° meridian longitude
(6) North / South Pole (7) Many Shape Parallel lines Semicircular
(B) (1) False. They lie parallel to the equator. Size Size of each parallel is Equal in size
(2) False. They are parallel to the equator. different.
(3) True Distance Larger at the Distance between two
(4) False. Meridians show east or west. equator because meridians is larger on the
earth is spherical. equator and the same
(5) False. They meet at the North Pole and South Pole.
decreases towards the
(C) Poles.

Home Assignment
(A) (1) graticule (2) longitude, latitude (3) 90
(4) 12756 (5) centre
(B) (1) - (d), (2) - (a), (3) - (b), (4) - (c)
(D) (1) The latitude of the North Pole is shown as 90°. The
(C) (1) The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)
degrees of the parallels are measured from the equator,
helps us locate any place on the Indian Subcontinent.
hence the equator is 0° and the North Pole is 90°. The
(2) We can draw 360 meridians on the earth at distance of
meridian at the North Pole is 0º.
1°.
(2) The angular distance between the Tropics is 48°.
(3) We can draw 179 meridians in the Western Hemisphere.
(3) The equator passes through Ecuador, Colombia and
(4) The latitudes and longitudes helps us to tell the exact
Brazil in S. America; Congo, Gabon, Kenya, Uganda in locations of places on the earth.
Africa, Sumatra, Borneo Islands in Asia.
(5) When mentioning the value of a parallel it is necessary for
(4) The parallels and meridians on the globe form a net that us to remember whether the line is in the Northern or
is called graticule. This facilitates determining the Southern hemisphere.
location of a place on the earth. (D) (1) Meridians of longitudes are drawn from North to South
on the map. They are semi circles joining both poles. One

Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 5 6 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
of these meridians is considered to be 0°. This is the Prime Intext Questions
Meridian. The angular distances of the other meridians
Make friends with the globe!
from the Prime Meridian are measured in degrees. These
are known as longitudes. (1) They are called parallels of latitudes.

(2) The parallels and meridians on the globe form a net that (2) The equator passes through Africa, South America and islands
is called graticule. This facilitates determining the of Sumatra and Borneo.
location of a place on the earth. It passes through the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Indian
______________________________________________________ Ocean.
Topic 2 : Let us use the Graticule (3) The Arctic Ocean, the Antarctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the
Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean are spread in the four
Class Assignment
hemispheres.
(A) (1) latitudes (2) Vatican City (3) Prime Meridian (4) The continents spread in all the four hemispheres are North
(4) parallel, meridian (5) River Nile America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and
(B) (1) - (d), (2) - (a), (3) - (b), (4) - (c) Antarctica.
(5) All the meridians converge at 90° N and 90° S parallels.
(C) (1) The important places in the Vatican city are St. Peter’s
Basilica, St. Peter’s Square, Ethiopian College, Vatican ● (1) Latitude 10° S and longitude 50° W.
Library, Pigna Garden, Vatican Radio, Palace of the (2) It would be approximately 35° W to 75° W.
Governatorate and the Treasury. (3) It extends in the Southern Hemisphere.
(2) We use the equator as well as all pairs of opposite (4) In the Western Hemisphere.
meridians from the Great Circles to find the minimum
(5) The extent is approximately from 05° S latitude, 35° W
distance.
longitude to 23° S latitude and 46° W longitude.
(3) Greenwich Meridian is the other name for the Prime
(6) The Marajo island is approx. between 48° W longitude
Meridian.
and 0° latitude and 55° W longitude and 0° latitude.
(4) Greenwich Mean Time or GMT is the other name given to
Global Standard Time. Think a little!

(5) Different temperature zones give rise to pressure belts. (1) The Tropic of Cancer.
(2) Leh and Srinagar do not get perpendicular sunrays.
(3) Regions in Hyderabad and Chennai receive perpendicular
rays.
Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 7 8 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
Think a little! (C) Latitude Longitude
(1) The meridians opposite to 90° E is 90° W meridian. (1) Mumbai – 19° 07' 60'' N 72° 87' 77'' E
The meridians opposite to 170° W is 10° E meridian. (2) Guwahati – 26° 14' 45'' N 91° 73' 62'' E
The meridians opposite to 30° E is 150° W meridian and the (3) Srinagar – 34° 08' 37'' N 74° 79' 73'' E
meridians opposite to 20° W is 160° E meridian.
(4) Bhopal – 23° 25' 99'' N 77° 41' 26'' E
(2) A pair of opposite meridians make 360°. Thus, all pairs of
(5) Chennai – 13° 08' 27'' N 80° 27' 07'' E
opposite meridians form Great Circles.
(6) Ottawa – 45°42'15'' N 75° 69' 72'' W
Use your brain power!
(7) Tokyo – 35°68'95'' N 139° 69' 17''E
To cover the shortest distance between Kolkata and Chicago, (8) Johannesburg – 26°20'41'' S 28° 04' 73'' E
the aeroplane should move north west via. Delhi.
(9) New York – 40°7'128'' N 74° 00' 59'' W
Textual Exercises (10) London – 51°50'74'' N 0° 12' 78'' W
(A) (1) Arctic Circle (2) Equator (3) 66° 30'
(D) (1) Maharashtra (State) : Latitude 15° 55' N to 22° N,
(4) Atlantic Ocean
Longitude 72° 5' E to 80° 9' E
(5) Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
(2) Chile (A country) : Latitude 17° S to 56° S, Longitude 66°
(6) 90° S W to 75° W
(B) (1) Wrong - Both latitude and longitude are necessary. (3) Australia (A continent) : Latitude 10°30' S to 43° 39' S,
(2) Wrong - We need to consider two parallels and two Longitude 113° 9' E to 153° 38' E
meridians at the extreme ends of the region. (4) Sri Lanka (An island) : Latitude 5° to 10° N, Longitude
(3) Right 79° to 82° E
(4) Wrong - 0° and 180° have no E or W. (5) Trans Siberian Railway of Russia : 9,829 km
(5) Wrong - We need to consider two parallels and two Starting point - St. Petersburg : Latitude 59.93° N,
meridians at the extreme ends of the region. Longitude 30.33° E
(6) Wrong - Both parallels as well as meridians are Terminal Point - Vladivostok : Latitude 43.173° N,
necessary. Longitude 132.0065° E

Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 9 10 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
(E) (3) 0° Meridian is called the Greenwich Meridian.
(4) The earth’s axis is inclined by 23° 30'.
______________________________________________________
Topic 3 : Comparing a Globe and a Map : Field Visits
Class Assignment
(A) (1) two, three (2) globe
(3) Geography (4) graticule
(B) (1) - (c), (2) - (a), (3) - (d), (4) - (b)
(C) (1) We use maps to study the whole world or regions of
limited extent.
(F) Important Parallels (2) The product of the length and width of the place gives us
the area of the place.
Tropic of Tropic of Arctic Antarctic (3) The globe is known as a representative model of the entire
Equator
Cancer Capricorn Circle Circle earth.
Intext Questions
Important Meridians
Do it yourself !

0° Longitude or (B) (1) The map is a flat device.

180° Meridian
Prime Meridian (2) The globe is a spherical device.
(3) The map is a device which allows you to see the entire
Home Assignment
area of the earth at the same time.
(A) (1) Arctic Circle (2) six (3) sunlight
(4) The globe is a device which allows you to see only one
(B) (1) - (d), (2) - (c), (3) - (a), (4) - (b) side of the earth at a time.
(C) (1) The equator passes through the Pacific Ocean and the (5) The map is a device which can be used for studying a
Atlantic Ocean. particular region in detail.
(2) In the entire region between the Tropic of Cancer and (6) The globe is a device which can be called a model of the
Tropic of Capricorn, the sun’s rays can be perpendicular earth.
on two days in a year.
Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 11 12 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
Textual Exercises Topic 4 : Weather and Climate
(1) Two dimensional objects are flat while three dimensional Class Assignment
objects have got body and weight. Two dimensional objects
(A) (1) weather (2) season (3) moisture
only have area while three dimensional objects have volume.
(4) vapour (5) earth’s (6) weight, pressure
(2) The place along with the parallels of latitudes and the
longitudinal lines can be shown. Other details cannot be (B) (1) - (b), (2) - (a), (3) - (d), (4) - (c)
shown since the space is small. (C) True : (2) False : (1), (3), (4)
(3) The globe.
(D) (1) Woollen clothes are used during winter season.
(4) The map.
(2) Latitudinal position, height above sea level, nearness to
(5) The map. the ocean, oceanic currents are some factors that
Home Assignment influence climate.
(A) (1) three dimensional (2) area (3) map (3) Climate influences the diet, shelter and clothing of living
things.
(B) (1) - (c), (2) - (a), (3) - (d), (4) - (b)
(4) Climate is expressed as ‘cool and dry’ or ‘hot and humid’
(C) (1) The map is flat and the globe is spherical.
or ‘hot and dry’.
(2) A graticule is absolutely essential for drawing the map of
Intext Questions
the earth.
Can you tell?
(3) Field visit helps us to understand the geographical and
social conditions of a place. (1) (a) In Bhopal the clothes on a clothesline will dry quickly.
(4) The EARTHA is housed at Yarmouth in Maine - USA. Due to the hot sun the water in the wet clothes get
converted into vapour.
(5) The EARTHA is the largest operational globe in the world.
(b) In Mussoorie the clothes will take a longer time to dry
(D) (1) A field visit is an important method of studying
because of the cold weather and mild sun.
Geography. Field visit helps us to understand the
(c) No, the atmospheric conditions at these places will not
geographical and social conditions of a place. It provides
remain the same but, will change from time-to-time.
an opportunity to directly interact with the local people
and understand their problems. Use your brain power !
______________________________________________________ (1) The occupations practiced in cold regions are lumbering and
agriculture.

Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 13 14 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
(2) The occupations practiced in hot regions are animal (C) Hot Rajasthan
husbandry and agriculture.
Hot and humid Mumbai
Textual Exercises
Cold Kashmir
(A) (1) Weather (2) Climate
Hot and dry Bhopal
(3) Hail stones / snow (4) Moisture
Cold and dry Mussoorie
(B) (1) Mahabaleshwar is situated at a height above sea level
where the air is cool, hence the climate is cool. (D) Weather Climate
(2) The atmosphere near the sea contains a greater amount Short-lived condition of Prevailing over a large
of water vapour. This is known as moisture. Air that has atmosphere. period
greater amount of vapour is called humid air.
Changes quickly Does not change quickly
(3)
Expressed with respect to a Expressed with respect to
Weather Climate
specific place. a state or a country
(a) Weather is described on (a) Climate is described on the
the basis of the conditions basis of the conditions Temperature, air Elements of climate :
prevailing at the given prevailing over a longer pressure, winds, Temperature, pressure, winds,
time. period of time. moisture, precipitation. humidity and precipitation.
(b) Weather keeps changing (b) Changes take place over a
Home Assignment
frequently. long period of time.
(A) (1) air pressure (2) Wind (3) climate
(c) We can experience the (c) The changes are not
changes easily. perceived easily. (4) equator, poles (5) temperature
(B) (1) - (c), (2) - (a), (3) - (d), (4) - (b)
(4) The elements of weather are Temperature, Air Pressure,
Winds, Moisture and Precipitation. (C) (1) Elements of weather are taken into consideration while
(5) Nearness to the sea makes the weather humid since this describing climate.
atmosphere contains a great amount of water vapour or (2) The average weather conditions of a place observed over
moisture. a long period of time is the ‘climate’ of that region.
Places that are situated above sea level are cooler since
(D) (1) When vapour in the atmosphere condenses into small
the surface layer of air gets heated quickly and as we
water droplets or snow particles that fall in form of rain,
move upwards from sea level, the temperature of air
decreases. snow or hail stones is called precipitation.
Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 15 16 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
(2) Air moves from high pressure towards low pressure in a (3) Between 0° and 23°30', the sun’s rays will fall almost
horizontal direction. This moving air is called winds. parallel or direct, making the area very hot.
(E) (1) Air has weight, therefore, it creates pressure. This is (4) It is called diurnal range of temperature.
known as air pressure. The lowermost layers of air get (5) Due to temperature differences both upward and
subjected to the pressure of the upper layers. Hence, the horizontal currents develop in the oceans.
density of the lower layers of air increases. (6) It reduces the temperature of the coasts in the torrid zone
(2) The earth’s surface gets heat from the sun. This heats up and increases the temperature of the coasts in the frigid
the surface. The air close to the surface starts becoming zone.
hot and one by one different layers of air at higher (7) Planktons are the food for fishes.
elevations receive heat. Hence, as we move upwards from
(8) Isotherms are lines that connect places with the same
sea-level, the temperature of air decreases.
temperatures after avoiding the effect of height.
______________________________________________________
Intext Questions
Topic 5 : Temperature Can you tell?
Class Assignment (1) Perpendicular, Slant, Extreme slant
(A) (1) straight (2) higher (3) coastal, continental Use your brain power !
(4) Greenhouse gases (5) celsius (6) Isotherms The above statement is right.
(B) (1) - (a), (2) - (c), (3) - (b), (4) - (d) Reason : To understand the climate of a region, the
latitudinal extent is more useful because the earth is divided
(C) (1) False - The difference is less in the coastal regions and
into three temperature zones depending on the heat received
more in the continental areas.
from the equator to the North and South Poles.
(2) True
Can you tell ?
(3) True
(1) It is fixed on a wooden stand or mount.
(4) False - It reduces the temperature of the coasts in the
(2) Mercury or alcohol is used in the thermometer tube.
torrid zone.
(3) The figures indicate the temperature.
(D) (1) Sunrays falling on the earth are straight and parallel to
(4) The temperature is measured in the Celsius or Fahrenheit
each other.
scale.
(2) Latitude is the main factor that influences the distribution
(5) The temperature in the figure indicates hot weather or summer
of temperature.
season.
Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 17 18 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
Think a little ! these areas will not be very hot. Areas below and above
(1) Water or oil cannot be used in a thermometer because they 66°30' N and South receive very slanting sunrays.
have a higher freezing point and lower boiling point. This will Therefore, here, it will be cold.
make it difficult to measure temperature. (3) Isotherms are lines that connect places with the same
(2) The temperature of the district headquarters is recorded in the temperatures after avoiding the effect of height. Since the
district meteorological department. isotherm lines give us the temperatures of places, they
deviate because there are places having different
Textual Exercises
temperatures along the latitudes. Where the proportion
(A) (1) North America, North Asia of land is greater, the temperatures will vary, hence the
(2) Africa, South America, Asia, Australia isotherms will be wavy or zigzag.
(3) Europe, Asia, North America Home Assignment
(B) (1) Isotherm (2) Thermometer (A) (1) frigid zones, torrid zones (2) latitudinal
(3) Atmosphere (4) Sunrays (3) Isolines (4) Isotherms (5) planktons
(C) (1) Due to the spherical shape of (B) (1) - (d), (2) - (c), (3) - (b), (4) - (a)
the earth and the resultant
(C) (1) True
curvature of the surface, the
(2) False - The earth is divided into torrid, temperate and
sun’s rays occupy a larger or
The Earth’s Shape and frigid zones.
lesser area. This leads to the Distribution of Sunrays
unequal distribution of the (3) False - Land cools faster than water.
heat received from the sun, resulting in decreasing (4) True
temperature from the equator to the North and South (B) (1) Sunrays falling on the earth are straight and parallel to
Poles. each other. However, due to the spherical shape of the
Based on this fact, the earth is divided into torrid, earth and the resultant curvature of the surface, they
temperate and frigid zones. occupy a larger or lesser area. This leads to unequal
distribution of the heat received from the sun, resulting in
(2) The sun’s rays fall directly on the equator and above and
decreasing temperatures from Equator to the Poles.
below the equator. These areas receive direct strong
(2) In coastal areas because of the heating of sea water,
sunrays. Hence, these areas are very hot. Areas along the
water vapour gets mixed with the air. This water vapour,
Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn receive slanting sunrays.
holds the heat in the air, as a result the air in the coastal
Hence, the heat will be considerably reduced. Therefore,
areas remains moist and warm.
Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 19 20 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
(3) As water vapour is absent in the continental areas, the air (4) Besides food, marine animals are used for the production
remains dry. This leads to sharp differences in the day of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and in research.
and night temperatures. (5) The water body that extends from 60° S parallel to the
(4) Regions of warm and cold currents converge are coast of the Antarctic Continent is named as the Southern
favourable for the growth of planktons. Planktons are Ocean.
food for fishes. Fish from other areas travel to these areas (6) Oceans have provided us with the most economic option
in large numbers. Due to high concentration of fish of transportation.
population, fisheries thrive well in these areas.
(F) (1) Oil spills, release of waste products into the sea,
______________________________________________________ exploitative fishing, cutting of mangrove forests, release
Topic 6 : Importance of Oceans of sewage by industries and cities and excavations carried
out in the seas have polluted oceanic waters. Hence,
Class Assignment
coastal regions are turning into death traps for aquatic
(A) (1) hydrosphere (2) Salinity (3) coastal animals. Many aquatic animals like the blue whale, types
(4) oceans (5) water (6) Ocean currents of turtles, dolphins, etc., are under threat of being extinct.

(B) (1) - (c), (2) - (a), (3) - (d), (4) - (b) Intext Questions

(C) (1) True Think a little!

(2) False - These rivers flow into the seas and oceans. (1) The water flowing through the rivers go into bigger bodies like
(3) False - They get more heat from the sun since the sun oceans, seas, etc. These are called as the ‘mouth’ of the river.
shines perpendicular on these areas. (2) Yes, there are volcanic eruptions in the seas. 70% of all
(4) True volcanic eruptions occur underwater.

(D) (1) Hydrosphere (2) Salty (3) Volcanic Use your brain power!
(4) Ocean (5) Mangrove (6) International (1) The earth’s water came from rocky materials, such as asteroids
(E) (1) The aquatic life we find in the oceans range from the and clouds of dust and gas that came after the sun formed.
microscopic planktons to huge whales. Think a little!
(2) Dead remains decompose and release various minerals (1) If man had not discovered sea routes then we would have lost
and salts in the sea water. the most economic option of transportation.
(3) The maximum salinity of the Dead Sea is 332%.

Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 21 22 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
Textual Exercises (2) Salt is obtained by constructing salt pans in coastal areas.
(A) (1) ship (2) Dead Sea (3) Peru (3) Marine animals are used for food, for the production of
fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and also in research.
(4) Bay of Bengal (5) gold
(4) The earth is the only planet that has a living world.
(B) (1) Man gets salt, fish, shells, minerals like iron, lead, cobalt,
(5) The Southern Ocean extends from 60°S an it is located
sodium, manganese, chromium, zinc, etc., mineral oil,
parallel to the coast of the Antarctic Continent.
natural gas, pearls, corals and some medicinal plants
from the ocean. (6) Water transport carried out along ocean currents help to
accelerate the speed of ships and saves fuel.
(2) Transportation of bulky materials like coal, crude oil, raw
materials, metallic minerals, food grains prefer water (7) About 70.8% of the earth’s surface is occupied by water.
transportation because the ocean currents accelerate the (8) Pollution of oceanic waters is a major issue developed in
speed of ships with ease. This also saves fuel to a recent times.
considerable extent. Hence, it is economic to carry out (9) Water transport is given preference during transportation
transport by waterways. of bulky materials such as coal, crude oil, raw materials,
(3) In regions close to the oceans, the water vapour released metallic minerals, food grains, etc.
from water bodies, absorbs and stores heat released from (E) (1) There are several ways in which oceans are being
land. This keeps the temperature of the coastal areas polluted. We are using the oceans for oil spills of big
equal. Whereas, regions far from the sea get less heat due factories. Waste products are being released in seas,
to little water vapour because of absence of water bodies. materials are being thrown from ships, there is
Therefore, there is a difference in the climates of regions exploitative fishing, we are cutting our mangrove forests
close to the oceans and regions far away from the oceans. in coastal areas, water mines are causing disasters,
(4) The continents located along the coasts of the Pacific sewage is being released by industries and cities and
ocean are North America, South America, Australia and excavations are being carried out in the seas.
Asia. All the above factors are leading to large scale oceanic
Home Assignment pollution.
(F) (1) The wood of mangrove trees is light and oily. These
(A) (1) Volcanic (2) 35% (3) marine (4) fish
forests protect coastal areas from huge waves. These
(B) (1) - (d), (2) - (c), (3) - (a), (4) - (b) forests also protect the biodiversity in the coastal areas,
(C) True : 1, 4 False : 2, 3 hence they are called lungs of the towns near which they
are located.
(D) (1) In drinking water, the proportion of salts is quite low.
Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 23 24 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
(2) Regions close to the sea have equable climate. Coastal (2) Due to continuous variations in the temperature, rocks
regions have always attracted man due to the climate, develop cracks. Similarly, the water percolating through
abundance of food and various products obtained from rocks dissolves the soluble minerals. This leads to the
the sea. weathering of rocks. This makes the rocks disintegrate or
______________________________________________________ decompose and they get reduced to pieces.

Topic 7 : Rocks and Rock Types Intext Questions

Class Assignment Do it yourself !

(A) (1) minerals (2) primary (3) porous (1) Hill in A is made up of soils and rocks.
(4) Laterite (5) diamond (6) fossils (2) The land is being dugged and the rocks and soil extracted is
loaded into a truck.
(B) (1) - (c), (2) - (a), (3) - (d), (4) - (b)
(3) In C we see pebbles and rocks of different shape and colour.
(C) (1) True
(4) Yes, all are naturally occurring processes on land leading to
(2) False - They are generally brittle and lightweight. rock and soil formation.
(3) True (5) Construction and coloured pebbles for decoration.
(4) False - It provides information about life in that period.
Use your brain power!
(D) (1) Rocks are a mixture of different minerals formed by
(1) Igneous rocks were used for building the forts in Maharashtra
natural processes in the lithosphere.
as these rocks are hard, homogeneous and heavy.
(2) Silica, aluminium, magnesium and iron are the major rock
What will you do?
forming minerals.
(3) Lava, gases, dust, ashes, etc., are thrown out during (1) I would advice him to use metamorphic rock i.e. marble.
volcanic eruptions. Marble will give the sculpture a glow due to its translucent
nature. These rocks are heavy and hard and hence, are ideal
(4) It is easy to carve on sandstone because it is relatively
for making sculptures.
soft.
Textual Exercises
(E) (1) Due to thick and extensive layer of basalt, Maharashtra
does not have large reserves of mineral wealth. Therefore, (A) Sand is made from tiny grains of rocks and minerals. It can
mining activity is concentrated in South Konkan and also be tiny particles of the shells of sea creatures. Some sand
eastern Maharashtra. comes from the calcium (a mineral) in seaweed. Sand can be of
different colours. That’s because shells, rocks and minerals are

Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 25 26 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
of different colours. Sand on beaches can be black, white, (2)
brown, green, yellow or even pink! Igneous rocks Metamorphic rocks
Sand is formed when rocks or shells break into tiny pieces. (a) They are formed when the (a) Due to volcanic activity and
Over time, rock is broken down by water, wind and ice. It takes molten material such as other earth movements,
thousands or millions of years to create sand. Wind, water magma and lava cool down igneous or sedimentary
(rain), ice, and even the processes of freezing and thawing and solidify. rocks are subjected to
take place on mountains. Pieces of rocks break off from the tremendous pressure and
mountain. These pieces fall because of gravity. Water and heat, which change the
wind may carry them far away. nature as well as the
(B) Fort Raigad and Ellora Sculptures. composition of the original
rocks.
(C) (1)
(b) These rocks are formed out (b) The rocks get
Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks of material from the interior metamorphosed.
(a) They are formed when the (a) Rocks break up and get of the earth.
molten material such as disintegrated due to the (c) These rocks are hard and (c) These rocks are heavy and
magma and lava cool down variations in the heavy. hard.
and solidify. temperature. These particles
get transported by rivers, (d) We do not get fossils in (d) They do not contain fossils.
glaciers, wind, etc., and get these rocks.
deposited in layers. One (3)
layer forms over the other
Sedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocks
forming sedimentary rocks.
(a) Rocks break up and get (a) Due to volcanic activity and
(b) These rocks are formed out (b) These rocks are formed from
disintegrated due to other earth movements,
of material from the interior disintegrated or decomposed variations in temperature. igneous or sedimentary
of the earth. pieces of rocks. These particles get rocks are subjected to
transported by rivers, tremendous pressure and
(c) These rocks are hard and (c) These rocks are brittle,
glaciers, wind, etc., and get heat, which change the
heavy. lightweight and porous.
deposited in layers. One n a t u re a s we l l a s t h e
layer forms over the other composition of the original
forming sedimentary rocks. rocks.
Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 27 28 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
(b) These rocks are formed from (b) The rocks get (2) When the molten material, known as magma within the
disintegrated or decomposed metamorphosed. crust and lava on the surface, cools down, it solidifies,
pieces of rocks. giving rise to rocks. These rocks are known as igneous
rocks. These rocks appear hard, homogenous and heavy
(c) These rocks are brittle, (c) These rocks are heavy and too. We do not get fossils in these rocks. Basalt is a major
lightweight and porous. hard. example of igneous rocks.
(d) We find fossils in these (d) They do not contain fossils. (3) Due to variations in the temperature and the water
rocks. percolating through rocks, they get disintegrated and are
reduced to pieces. These pieces get transported by rivers,
(D) (1) Basalt (2) Laterite and Basalt (3) Granite glaciers, wind, etc., towards low lying areas and get
Home Assignment deposited there. Sediments after sediments get deposited.
The upper layers exert heavy pressure on the lower layers
(A) (1) soil, rocks (2) fossils (3) sedimentary
leading to the development of sedimentary rocks.
(4) Laterite (5) granite (6) lava
______________________________________________________
(B) (1) - (c), (2) - (a), (3) - (d), (4) - (b)
Topic 8 : Natural Resources
(C) (1) They are Igneous rocks, Sedimentary rocks and
Class Assignment
Metamorphic rocks.
(2) As igneous rocks are formed out of material from the (A) (1) Air (2) agriculture (3) water
interior of the earth, they are referred to as primary rocks. (4) animals (5) 29.20% (6) natural
(3) Rocks develop cracks due to continuous variation in the (B) (1) - (c), (2) - (d), (3) - (b), (4) - (a)
temperature.
(C) (1) False - Some chemicals are used to make medicines.
(4) They are called elephant yards or lakes.
(2) True
(5) It is an igneous rock, formed out of volcanic froth.
(3) False - It is collected from trees.
(6) The molten material within the earth’s crust is known as
(4) True
Magma.
(D) (1) Air, water, soil, land, minerals, plants and animals are all
(D) (1) Properties of rocks depend on the constituent minerals
natural resources.
and their proportion, as well as on the formation process.
(2) Soil is an important resource for agriculture because it
Silica, aluminium, magnesium and iron are the major rock
gives nutrients to support the growth of plants and crops.
forming minerals.

Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 29 30 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
(3) Plants are broadly classified as grass, herbs, shrubs and (B) Natural Resources
trees.
(4) Settled life sprang up in the basins of Huang He, Sindhu
Soil air Water Minerals Vegetation Water Forests
(Indus), Nile and Euphrates.
(5) Minerals are classified as metallic and non-metallic Agriculture Respiration obtaining Metal Soil Fish Trees
minerals. salt

(6) The increase in population and the greed of humans led to (C) (1) Soil formation mainly depends on the original rock,
exploitative use of resources. climate, organic components, slope of the land and time.
According to the types of rocks and climates in different
Textual Exercises
regions, different types of soils are formed. A long period
(A) (1) The entire living world depends on water. Water is used is required for the formation of mature soil.
for drinking, cleaning, washing, bathing, agriculture and
(2) We obtain products such as wood, fruits, honey, resin,
industrial purposes.
rubber, latex, etc. from forests. Forests give us plants such
(2) Forests are habitats for many animals. We obtain wood, as grass, herbs, shrubs, etc. We also get medicinal plants
honey, rubber latex, medicinal plants, herbs and shrubs from forests.
from trees in forests.
(3) We get different metals and chemicals from minerals.
(3) Animals such as horses, oxen, camel, asses, etc., are used Chemicals are used for preparing medicines. Metallic
for ploughing, riding, transporting goods, etc. Goats, minerals are used for obtaining iron, bauxite, etc. Non-
cows, buffaloes are used to get milk. We also get meat, metallic minerals are used for obtaining gypsum, rock
eggs, wool, etc., from animals. salt, calcite, etc.
(4) We get different metals and chemicals from minerals. (4) Land is used for construction and trade. It is used to build
Chemicals are used for preparing medicines. Metallic roads, railways, for agricultural purposes and for
minerals are used for obtaining iron, bauxite, etc. Non- settlements.
metallic minerals are used for obtaining gypsum, rock (5) Man has to depend on nature for many things. Most of
salt, calcite, etc. the natural resources are limited in nature, therefore they
(5) Land is used for construction and trade. It is used to build are invaluable. Man fulfills his needs using the natural
roads, railways, for agricultural purposes and for resources such as air, water, soil, land, minerals and
settlements. animals. Man must realise that nature is not for man
alone. It belongs to other living things too, therefore we
must always use natural resources judiciously.
Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 31 32 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
Home Assignment (D) (1) Hydel (2) 4000°C
(A) (1) depletes (2) cultivable (3) mature soil (E) (1) The demand for energy is increasing due to growing
(4) water (5) Rock population, urbanization and growing needs of man.
(2) Unapdeo, Vajreshwari and Manikaran are places we can
(B) (1) - (d), (2) - (c), (3) - (a), (4) - (b)
find hot water springs.
(C) (1) Equatorial evergreen forests are found near the equator.
(3) Intensity of solar energy is maximum in the torrid zone.
(2) Land is sold or bought because it is an invaluable
(4) For generating wind energy a wind speed of 40 to 50
resource.
kmph is required.
(3) Goats, cows and buffaloes are some milch animals.
(5) Kinetic energy is used for agriculture, domestic purposes
(4) Metallic minerals are used for obtaining metals such as and industries.
iron, bauxite, etc.
(6) The different types of power generations are hydel,
(5) Non-metallic minerals are used for obtaining various thermal, atomic, geo-thermal, etc.
chemicals like gypsum, rocksalt, calcite, etc.
(7) To generate electricity it is necessary to burn the energy
(6) Land being used for different purposes depends on the resources directly.
characteristics like physiography, soil, climate, minerals
(F) (1) Mineral oil is called ‘black gold’ because of its blackish
and availability of water in different regions of the world.
colour. Its cost is very high. Mineral oil is limited in nature
______________________________________________________
and in great demand.
Topic 9 : Energy Resources
Intext Question
Class Assignment
Make friends with maps!
(A) (1) cheap (2) electricity (3) energy
(A) (1) W.Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand Bihar, Chhattisgarh.
(4) black gold (5) Kinetic (6) 32 metres
(2) Mumbai high.
(B) (1) - (a), (2) - (c), (3) - (d), (4) - (b) (3) Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand.
(C) (1) True (4) Digboi, Lakhani, Makum, Nanakitiya.
(2) False - because they are inflammable, they cause (5) Coal.
damage to the environment (6) Telangana , Chhattisgarh, Odisha, A. Pradesh.
(3) False - They are found in some places in Jharkhand ● (1) Koyna Hydroelectric Project
(4) False - It is obtained from water (2) Bandhardhara Hydroelectric Project (Ahmadnagar)
Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 33 34 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
(3) Bhatgarh Hydroelectric Project (Pune) (iii) Mineral oil reserves are (iii) There is a lot of scope for
(4) Bhatsa Hydroelectric Project (Thane) limited and the mineral oil is using this energy.
Textual Exercises very costly.

(A) (1) wind (2) wood, fire (3) wood, fire (iv) Oil rigs can be constructed (iv) The generation of solar
in the sea far from land. power depends on intensity
(4) coal (5) water, coal (6) kerosene, gas, wood
of sunlight and duration of
(7) candle sunshine.
(B) (1) Man uses substance-based Energy Resources the most.
These resources are wood, coal, mineral oil, natural gas, (b)
waste matter etc. The generation of this type of energy is Hydel Power Geo-thermal Power
relatively cheap. Wood, coal, kerosene and gas are used (i) Obtained from kinetic (i) Underground heat is used to
very commonly. energy of running water. generate power.
(2) We engage ourselves in various activities to fulfill our
(ii) Does not cause any (ii) They cause minimum
needs. For this we need energy. The demand for energy is
degradation of the pollution.
constantly on the rise due to the growing needs of human
environment.
beings.
(3) We need to use environment friendly resources like sun, (iii) The water used can be used (iii) All energy resources are
wind, tides and heat from the earth’s interior because again. abiotic. They are
these are pollution free and always available. These inexhaustible energy
resources are process-based and unlimited. It is possible to resources.
reuse these resources. (iv) Can be used only in places (iv) Can be used only when the
near rivers, oceans and seas. under -ground heat is very
(C) (a)
high.
Mineral Oil Solar Energy
Home Assignment
(i) Found under the land (i) Light and heat from the sun.
surface and below the ocean (A) (1) Splitting (2) running water (3) Biogas
floor. (B) (1) - (b), (2) - (c), (3) - (d), (4) - (a)
(ii) Generation of energy leads (ii) Eco friendly. (C) (1) Geo-thermal energy resources are known as inexhaustible
to pollution. energy resources.

Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 35 36 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
(2) Cookers, lamps, heaters, vehicles, etc. are some devices (6) Takes thousands of years (6) Easily available in nature.
that run on solar power. to replenish
(3) Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra are two states in India (7) Except atomic energy, the (7) All processes are natural.
where windmills have been erected to get wind energy. other resources are biotic.
(4) Coke and high quality coal is used in industries and (8) Leads to pollution. (8) Pollution free
thermal power stations.
(9) Except atomic energy, all (9) Non conventional
(5) Biogas is generated from biotic waste material such as resources are conventional.
faeces of animals, dead, leaves, shells, etc.
(10) Generation of energy is (10) Expensive
(D) (1) Long ago, plant and animal remains got buried due to cheap
earth movements. They were then decomposed due to the (11) Cause damage to (11) Environment - friendly
pressure and heat leaving behind the element carbon. environment
That is how coal was formed. (12) Types - Thermal, Atomic (12) Thermal, kinetic.
(2) Energy resources can be classified as conventional - non- ______________________________________________________
conventional; biotic-abiotic; renewable - non-renewable; Topic 10 : Human Occupations
substance-based and process-based.
Class Assignment
(3) Biogas can be used for domestic needs such as cooking,
(A) (1) primary occupations (2) milk
heating water, lighting lamps, etc.
(3) tertiary (4) doctor
(4)
(B) (1) - (c), (2) - (d), (3) - (a), (4) - (b)
Substance - based Process - based
Energy Resources Energy Resources (C) (1) True
(1) Examples : Wood, coal, (1) Examples : Sun, wind, (2) False - Occupations that provide complementary services
mineral oil, natural gas, water, tides, heat from to other occupations are called tertiary occupations.
waste matter, atoms. earth’s interior. (3) True
(2) Do not last forever (2) Last forever (D) (1) The occupations dependent on nature are known as
(3) Substances get used up (3) Always available primary occupations.
(4) Reuse not possible (4) Reuse is possible. (2) The occupations dependent on primary occupation are
known as secondary occupations.
(5) Availability is limited (5) Availability is unlimited
(3) Human and natural factors affect occupations.

Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 37 38 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6
(4) The country’s economic transactions are decided on the special expertise. These are called quaternary
production of various goods and their annual income. occupations. Since we have few people really qualified for
this work, we notice that quaternary occupations are not
Intext Question
commonly seen.
Use your brain power!
Home Assignment
(1) Milk is obtained naturally and processed into different
(A) (1) developed (2) industrial
products. These products are durable and of an enhanced
quality. Therefore, there is a difference in their prices. (B) (1) - (c), (2) - (a), (3) - (b)
Textual Exercises (C) (1) Activities are classified on the basis of their nature and
the products that they yield.
(A) (1) brick kiln worker (2) primary (3) Primary
(2) Some occupations and industries are directly dependent
(B) (1) Different occupations are practised in different countries
on nature.
of the world. Through these occupations, economic
transactions occur within the country and between
several countries. The countries associated with primary
occupations that depend on nature will not be associated
with many occupations. Those countries that have
tertiary occupations do very well since tertiary
occupations provide complementary services to both
primary as well as secondary services.
(2) People involved with primary occupations that are done
on the basis of nature and the products that it yields do
not have high income. One example is getting milk from
domesticated animals. Animal husbandry, fishing etc. are
examples of primary occupations. Those who are
associated with processed products do well because these
products are more durable, their quality is enhanced and
their prices are high.
(3) To test the quality of products, a person must have some
special skills. This is not an ordinary service. It requires

Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6 39 40 Navjeevan Practice Book : Geography - Std. 6