Instructor : R.
Erramh Term: S3
Department: Psychology Module: English Language and Terminology
Text entitled ‘Fields of Psychology: Of Laboratories and Clinics’, p. 14
(Source : English for Students of Psychology)
1. Derivation
Verb Noun Noun Adjective
assert assertion emotion emotional
behave behaviorism science scientific
realize realization mind mental
believe belief psychology psychological
explore exploration similarity similar
state statement experiment experimental
characterize characterization physiology physiological
(process)/character
explain explanation person/personality personal
combine combination confidence confident
------------------- present evidence evident
2. Terminology
Clinical psychology: A branch of psychology with the purpose of understanding, preventing,
and relieving/alleviating psychologically based distress or dysfunction, thence promoting
individual well-being and personal development.
Eclecticism: An approach to thought that draws upon/employs multiple theories to gain
complementary insight (amply substantiated) into phenomena.
Gestalt: A collection of physical, biological, psychological or symbolic entities that creates a
unified concept, configuration or pattern which is greater than the sum of its parts (of a
character, personality, or being)/A school of psychology founded in 1912 by Max Wertheimer,
Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffka. It built the foundation for cognitive psychology. It
emphasizes that the whole of everything is greater than its parts in isolation. The word “Gestalt”
is used in modern German to describe the way a thing has been “placed,” or “put together.” Its
principle was stated as the law of “Prägnanz”, meaning that the neural and perceptual
organization of any set of stimuli will form a Gestalt, or whole, as the prevailing conditions will
allow/A theory of mind which studies how people integrate and organize perceptual information
into meaningful wholes.
-Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Introspection: A looking inward; specifically, the act or process of self-examination, or
inspection of one's own thoughts and feelings; the cognition which the mind has of its own acts
and states (auto-cognition or reflexive cognition); self-consciousness; reflection.
Psyche: The human soul, mind, or spirit/The human mind as the central force in the thought,
emotion, and behavior of an individual.
Psychotherapy : The treatment of people diagnosed with mental and emotional disorders using
dialogue and a variety of psychological techniques.
Repression : The involuntary rejection from consciousness of painful or disagreeable ideas,
memories, feelings, or impulses.
-Industrial psychology: The branch of industrial-organizational psychology, “la psychologie
du travail et des organisations », is concerned with the scientific study of human behavior in
organizations and, generally, in the workplace. Industrial psychologists apply empirical
methods to improve the overall work environment, including professional and emotional
performance and productivity, together with communication.
-The APA.
After reading the text
1. Write the correct synonym from the text.
-relating to conducting behavioral experiments to collect data:
……experimental…………………………..
-relating to the study of the body’s vital organ functions:
…physiological……………………
2. Answer by true or false and justify if false.
a. A human factors psychologist targets working as part of a professional team to reduce
potential purely logistic errors.
False: « The errors are not purely logistic as they emanate from psychologically
governed processes such as mishaps/incidents/accidents, and in this case,
misperceptions». ……………………………………
b. The largest psychology domain in terms of practice is counseling.
False: « Clinical psychology is the largest field in terms of practice as it covers/takes up
about/almost 40% of overall psychologists.
I (p. 16)
3. Clinical psychology is the branch of psychology that studies emotional states and
mental pathology/anomaly. It employs multiple techniques and methods, mainly
psychotherapy, which is the treatment of the aforementioned pathology through
communication. It aims to enhance/improve the mental health of disordered/troubled
individuals who are the recipients of its techniques. It is the largest branch in terms of
practice/the number of active practitioners.
4. A psychiatrist is a medical specialist/professional who earned a Doctor of Medicine
degree (M. D).
5. Experimental psychology explores behavioral processes of organisms through data
collection instruments that are scientific, such as experiments. It is a research-oriented
field of inquiry that represents a revolutionary/progressive milestone in psychology
given that all findings that are logically/scientifically/factually irrefutable are reached
with the adoption of an experimental approach.
6. Counseling psychologists mainly/primarily deal with individuals’ personal issues
relating to the school setting.
7. A developmental psychologist’s field of activity is maturational growth, including the
development of learning across all age categories.
8. A physiological psychologist studies the relationship between chemical
production/secretion and behavior.
9. A human factors psychologist combines/merges specialised/content knowledge from
psychology and engineering.
10. An industrial psychologist works to improve the work environment through
ensuring efficiency in productivity, communication, and improving morale.
Class notes (Paragraph production)
grasp: understand/comprehend
1st argument: helps us in/accounting for…/
2nd : implications in a wide range/various other fields such as…
Scientific method/paradigm:
Make an observation(s)/(data: variables, criteria, salient aspects, in terms of
frequency of occurrence, and patterns).
Conduct a theoretical background/literature review >> formulate a hypothesis or
hypotheses
Apply the methodology (theoretical framework –prescriptive, descriptive
(idiosyncracies/idiosyncratic)/research design (quantitative, numerical data
requiring/demanding statistical analysis/qualitative (questionnaires, interviews,
focus groups)/sampling (random…)/data collection instruments such as
psychometric testing, experiments…).
Results or Interpretation+Discussion (cross-examination with related findings).
At this stage, the hypothesis is either corroborated/affirmed/confirmed or
refuted.
Conclusion+future recommendations/recommendations for future research
(research gaps: theoretical/methodological…)
highlight: accentuate…
-There are many applied fields of psychology, the most important of which is
neuropsychology/some of which are…
milestone: great unprecedented event
,together with/coupled with/in addition to…(linking expressions of addition)
…helps provide early/timely and individualized/customized
intervention/detection/diagnosis.
Argument: Counseling/school psychology helps assist students in their decision-making.
Industrial psychology:
Argument 1: establish criteria for rigorous hiring
Argument 2: target the psychologically grounded/imbued workplace-employee
relationship
Argument: helps improve/enhance/better employee productivity (argument 2,
paraphrased).
Argument 3: ensure efficiency through its myriad sub-fields…
