NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

First Year Syllabus

Departmen t of Chemistry

Four Year B.Sc Honours Course

Effective from the Session : 2013–2014

1
National University
Subject: Chemistry
Syllabus for Four Year B.Sc Honours Course
Effective from the Session: 2013-2014

Year wise Papers and marks distributions

FIRST YEAR

Paper Code Paper Title Marks Credits

212801 Physical Chemistry-I 75 3
212803 Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry 75 3
212805 Fundamentals of Inorganic Chemistry 75 3
212806 Chemistry Practical:
Qualitative inorganic analysis, inorganic 75 3
preparations and elementary crystal chemistry
213709 Fundamentals of Mathematics 100 4
213711 Calculus-I 50 2
212707 Physics-I 100 4
(Mechanics, Properties of Matter, Waves & Optics)
212709 Physics-II (Heat, Thermodynamics and Radiation) 50 2
211501 History of the Emergence of Independent of
100 4
Bangladesh
Total = 700 28

2 Detailed
Syllabus

Paper Code 212801 Marks: 75 Credits: 3 Class Hours: 45

Paper Title Physical Chemistry-I

1. State of Matter: Microscopic and macroscopic system, properties of molecules,

potential and kinetic energy of molecules, degrees of freedom of motion;
transnational rotational and vibrational energy of systems, principle of
equipartition of energy, state of aggregation of matter.

2. Gaseous State: properties of gases, the gas laws; ideal and real gases, ideal gas
equation, kinetic theory and its application to ideal gases, pressure of ideal gases,
boltzmann distribution of molecular energies, deviation from ideal behaviour,
vander Walls equation, critical constants; principle of corresponding states,
collision number, mean free path, dalton’s law of partial pressure.

3. Liquids and Solutions: Physical properties and molecular structure, surface

tension measurement of surface tension, visocosity, poiscuille’s equation,
measurement visocosity, molar refractivity and dipole moment, measurement
vapour pressure, dependence of vapour pressure on temperature variation, solution,
solubility, solubility prodruct, molecular solution, ionic solution, units of
concentration, raoult’s law, ideal and nonideal solutions, colligative properties of
solution, effect of electrolytes on colligative properties. henry’s law determination
of molecular weight by measuring colligative properties.

4. Chemical Equilibrium: Equilibrium in chemical reactions and the equilibrium law;

kp, kc, and kx measurements, degree of dissociation; effects of temperature, pressure
and concentration changes of equilibrium, principle of Le Chatelier and Braun,
Ostwald dilution law, dissociation of solid, solubility product, common ion effect, p h
and buffer solution.

5. Energetics in Chemistry: Work and heat; internal energy, the first law of
thermodynamics, system, surrounding and boundery, state function and exact
differentials, enthalpy, work of expansions reversible and adiabatic expansions, heat
capacities at constant pressure and constant volume, Joule-Thompson’s effect,
inversion temperature enthalpy changes in various chemical and physical processes;
hess’s law and its application, born-haber cycle; bond enthalpy.

6. Rates of Chemical reaction: Rate of reaction, rate equation, order and rate
constant, measurement of reaction rates, determination of order and rate constant,
elementary and complex reaction, molecularity, effect of temperature on the rate of
reaction. activation energy.

Book Recommended:

1. Physical chemistry, PW atkins

2. Physical Chemistry, G W Castellan
3. A text Book of Physical Chemistry, S Glasstone
4. Principles of Physical Chemistry, Haque & Nawab (Revised by Haque & Mollah)
5. General Chemistry, D Ebbing

Paper Code 212803 Marks: 75 Credits: 3 Class Hours: 45

3
Paper Title Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

1. Bonding in Organic Compounds: Atomic orbitals; covalent bonds; sigma and pi

bonds, hybridization of orbitals; shapes of molecules, classification of organic
compounds based on their functional groups, polar and nonpolar molecules,
nomenclature of organic compounds. formation of carbocations, carbanion, free
radicals and their stabilities. homologous series.

2. Hydrocarbons and their Classification:

2.1 Alkanes: Structure; nomenclature, sources; preparation and reaction of alkanes
and cycloalkanes, conformation of n-butane and cyclohexane, Wurtz reaction. free
radical mechanism of halogenation. CFC.

2.2 Alkenes: Structure and orbital picture and sources, nomenclature, preparation
and reaction of alkenes, geometrical isomerism of alkenes, cis-trans isomer and E.Z
systems, mechanism of electrophilic addition, Markowikov’s and Anti
Markowniov’s rule, stereo specific reactions.

2.3 Dienes: Structure and orbital picture, nomenclature; preparation and rections of
dienes, diels-Alder reaction; polymerization, conjugated dines.

2.4 Alkynes: Structure and orbital picture; nomenclature, preparation, reactions of

alkynes, electrophilic addition reaction, acidity of alkynes.

3. Alkyl Halides: Structure, nomenclature; preparation and properties of alkyl halides;

mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reaction and elimination reactions, grignard
reagent, its synthesis and application.

4. Alcohols: Structure, nomenclature, classification of alcohols, preparation, reactions

of monohydric, dihydric and trihydric alcohols. reactions of alcohols, dehydration,
substitution, oxidation and reduction. acidity and basicity of alcohols.

5. Ethers and Epoxides: Nomenclature, preparation, reactions of ethers; ethers as

protecting groups; crownethers.

6. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, orbital picture of carbonyl group. general

methods of preparation and reactions of aldehydes and ketones; nucleophilic
addition reaction of carbonyl compounds.

7. Carboxylic Acids: Structure and orbital picture; nomenclature; acidity, resonance

effect and inductive effect on acidity, general methods of preparation and reactions
of carboxylic acids

Books Recommended:
1. Organic Chemstry, R.T. Mirrison and R N Boyd, Sixth Edition
2. Organic Chemisty, IL Finar, Vol.I. Longmans, 6t h Ed.
3. Modern Organic Chemistry, R.W Griffin Jr, McGraw Hill
4. Principles of Organic Chemistry, J. English, H.G Cassidy and R.I Baird. MeGraw Hill
5. Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry, J.D. roberts and M.C Casserio. W.W. Benjamin Inc.
6. Organic Chemistry, McMuny. Broks-Coole.

Paper Code 212805 Marks: 75 Credits: 3 Class Hours: 45

Paper Title Fundamentals of Inorganic Chemistry

1. 4 Atomic
Structure: Atomic nucleus, fundamental particles, nuclear forces, nuclear binding
energy, nuclear stability, magic numbers, radioactivity, isotopes, atomic mass, mass
spectrometry, cathode rays, mass and charge of an electron, á-particle scattering,
Rutherford atom model, Planck’s quantum theory, Bohr’s theory for hydrogen atom,
electromagnetic spectrum, absorption and emission spectra, emission spectrum of atomic
hydrogen, quantum numbers, atomic orbitals, shapes and orientation of s, p and d
orbitals, aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle.
2. Periodic Classification: Periodic law, periodic table, prediction of elements, naming
of all elements, elements in groups, periods and blocks, electronic configuration of
groups and periods, metals, nonmetals and metalloids, diagonal relationship, periodicity
of atomic and molecular properties e.g. ionization energy, electron affinity,
electronegativity, effective nuclear charge, atomic/ionic radii, etc., usefulness and
limitation of periodic table.
3. Chemical Bonds: Chemical bond, types of chemical bonds, ionic bond: energetic of
ionic bond formation, properties of ionic compounds, factors influencing the formation of
ionic bond, radius ratio rule, lattice energy, Fajan’s rule, covalent bond: sigma and pi
bond, polar and non-polar covalent bonds, properties associated with covalent
compounds, Lewis formulation, formal charge, valence shell electron pair repulsion
(VSEPR) theory and molecular geometry.
4. Acids and Bases: Concepts on acids and bases, conjugate acids and bases,
neutralization reactions, acid - base strength, leveling effect, hard and soft acids and
bases, hard and soft acids and bases in qualitative analysis.
6. Types of Reactions: Oxidation -reduction reactions, oxidizing and reducing agents,
assigning oxidation states to bonded atoms, redox half reactions, rules for balancing
redox reactions, Ellingham diagram, standard reduction potential, the electrochemical
series, disproportionation reactions, comproportionation reaction, addition reaction,
elimination reactions, double decomposition reactions, substitution reactions, acid - base
reactions.

Books Recommended:
1. General Chemistry, D. D. Ebbing, Houghton Mifflin Co.
2. Chemistry – The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change, M. Silberberg, WCB/McGraw-Hill.
3. General Chemistry, J. B. Russel, International Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc.
4. Modern Inorganic Chemistry, R. D. Madan, S. Chand & Company Ltd.
5. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, and P. L. Gaus, John Willey & Sons.
6. Principles of Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry, G. Wulfsberg, University Science Books, Mill
Valley.

Paper Code 212806 Marks: 75 Credits: 3 Class Hours: 45

Paper Title Chemistry Practical: Qualitative inorganic analysis, inorganic preparations and
elementary crystal chemistry

1. Safety: The twelve rules of safety, safety in the laboratory.

2. Purification and Preparation of Inorganic Compounds:

(i) Purification of commercial NaCl by recrystallization and salting out
processes,
(ii) Preparation of ferrous sulphate FeSO4.7H2O, Mohr’s salt [FeSO4. (NH4)2SO4.
6H2O], potash alum [K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O], chrome alum [K2SO4.
Cr2(SO4)3. 24H2O], sodium carbonate Na2CO3.

3. Model Making: Seven crystal systems model.

5
4. Systematic Semimicro Qualitative Analysis of Inorganic Salts: Identification of
inorganic basic and acid radicals, 5 radicals in a mixture taking at least two from
both ion types.

Books Recommended:

1. A Text-Book of Macro and Semimicro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, A. I. Vogel,

4th edition, Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.
2. Semimicro Qualitative Analysis, F. J. Welcher and R. B. Hahn, D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.
3. Qualitative Analysis, V. Alexeyev, Mir Publishers.

Paper Code 213709 Marks: 100 Credits:4 Class Hours: 60

Paper Title Fundamentals of Mathematics

1. Real Number System: Field and order properties, natural numbers, integers and rational numbers,
6 absolute value
and their properties,
basic inequalities.

2. Complex Number System: Field of complex numbers, De Moivre's theorem and its applications.

3. Theory of equations: Relations between roots and coefficients, symmetric functions of roots, sum of the
powers of roots, synthetic division, Des Cartes’ rule of signs, multiplicity of roots, transformation of
equations.

4. Matrices and Determinants:, Notion of matrix. types of matrices. algebra of matrices. determinant
function and its properties. minors, cofactors, expansion and evaluation of determinants. elementary row and
column operations and row-reduced echelon matrices. invertible matrices. diagonal, triangular and symmetric
matrices.

5. System of Linear Equations: System of linear equations (homogeneous and non-homogeneous) and their
solutions. gaussian elimination, application of matrices and determinants for solving system of linear
equations. applications of system of equations in real life problems.

6. Vector Spaces: Euclidean n-space. real vector spaces. subspaces. linear combination of vectors. linear
dependence of vectors. basis and dimension. linear transformations. matrix representation of linear
transformation. kernel and image. eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

7. Two-dimensional Geometry: Transformation of coordinates, pair of straight lines (homogeneous second

degree equations, general second degree equations representing pair of straight lines, angle between pair of
straight lines, bisectors of angle between pair of straight lines), general equations of second degree (reduction
to standard forms, identifications, properties and tracing of conics).

8. Three-dimensional Geometry: Three-dimensional coordinates, distance, direction cosines and direction

ratios. planes and straight lines. vectors in plane and space. algebra of vectors. scalar and vector product.
vector equations of straight lines and planes.

Books Recommended :
1. S. Bernard & J M Child- Higher algebra.
2. Howard Anton & Chris Rorres – Elementary Linear Algebra with Application.
3. Khosh Mohammad- Analytic Geometry and Vector Analysis.
4. Md. Abdur Rahman – Linear Algebra.

Paper Code 213711 Marks: 50 Credits:2 Class Hours: 30

Paper Title Calculus-I

1. Functions & their graphs : Polynomial and rational functions, logarithmic and exponential functions,
trigonometric functions & their inverses, hyperbolic functions & their inverses, combinations of such
functions.
2. Limit and continuity: Definitions and basic theorems on limit and continuity. Limit at
infinity & infinite limits, Computation of limits.

3. Differentiation: Tangent lines and rates of change. Definition of derivative. One-sided

derivatives. Rules of differentiation . Successive differentiation. Leibnitz's theorem. Related
rates. Linear approximations and differentials.

4. Applications of Differentiation: Mean value theorem. Maximum and minimum

values of functions. Concavity and points of inflection. Optimization problems.

5.
7
Integration: Antiderivatives and indefinite integrals. Techniques of integration. Definite
integration using antiderivatives. Fundamental theorems of calculus. Basic properties of
integration. Integration by reduction.

6. Applications of Integration: Arc length. Plane areas. Surfaces of revolution.

Volumes of solids of revolution. Volumes by cylindrical shells. Volumes by cross
sections.

7. Approximation and Series: Taylor polynomials and series. Convergence of series.

Taylor's series. Taylor's theorem and remainders. Differentiation and integration of
series.

Books Recommended:
1. Howard Anton -Calculus (7th and forward editions).
2. E.W. Swokowski - Calculus with Analytic Geometry.
3. Md. A Matin & B Ch akraboty, - Di fere ntial Ca lculus.

Paper Code 212707 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Paper Title Physics-I (Mechanics, Properties of Matter, Waves & Optics)

1. Vector Analysis: Vectors and scalars, Addition and multiplication of vectors, Triple
scalar & vector products, Derivatives of vectors, Gradient, divergence and curl-their
physical significance, Theorems of Gauss, Green & Stoke’s.
2. Work, Energy and Power: Work energy theorem, Conservation of energy and
linear momentum, Conservative and non-conservative forces and systems,
Conservation of energy and momentum, Centre of mass, Collision problems.
3. Rotational Motions: Rotational variables, Rotation with constant angular
acceleration, Relation between linear and angular kinematics, Torque on a particle,
Angular momentum of a particle, kinetic energy of rotation and moment of intertia.
Combined translational and rotational motion of a rigid body, Conservation of
angular momentum.
4. Gravitation: Centre of gravity of extended bodies, Gravitational field and potential
their calculations, Determination of gravitation constant and gravity, Compound and
kater’s pendulums, Motion of planets and satellites, Escape velocity.
5. Elasticity: Moduli of elasticity, poission’s ratio, Relations between elastic constants
and their determination, Cantilever.
6. Surface Tension: Surface tension as a molecular phenomenon, Surface tension and
surface energy, Capillary rise or fall of liquids, Pressure on a curved membrane due
to surface tension, Determination of surface tension of water, mercury and soap
solution, Effect of temperature.
7. Fluid Dynamics: Viscosity and coefficient of viscosity, Poiseulle’s equation,
Determination of the coefficient of viscosity of liquid by Stoke’s method, Bernoulli’s
theorem and its applications, Toricelli ’s theorem, Venturimeter.
8. Waves: Mechanical waves, types of waves, travelling waves. The superposition principle. Wave speed,
Power and intensity in wave motion. Interference of waves, Standing Waves and resonance.
9. Oscillatory Motions: Simple harmonic motion, Combination of harmonic motions, Damped
harmonic motion, Forced oscillations and resonance.
10. Geometrical Optics: Fermat’s Principles, Theory of equivalent lenses, Defect of
images, Optical instrument, Dispersion rainbow.
11. Nature and Propagation of light: Properties of light, Wave theory and Huygene’s
Principle, Theories of light.
12. Interference: Young’s experiment: Bi-prism, Newton’s ring.
13. Diffraction: Fresnels and Fraunhofer types, Diffraction through single slit and
8
double slit, diffraction grating, Dispersive and resolving powers of gratings.
14. Polarization: Plane, Elliptical and circular Polarizations, Optical, Rotatory dispersion, Polarimeters.

Books Recommended:
1. R. S. Halliday, R. Resnick, and J. Walker : Fundamentals of Physics
2. Halliday, D. and Resnick, R. : Physics
3. Sears, F.W. , Zimansky, M.W. and Young, H.D. : University Physics
4. Mathur, D.S. : Properties of Matter
5. Newman, F.W. and Serale, V.H.L : General Properties of Matter.
6. A text Book of Light : Choudhury, Saha & Pramanik
7. Fundamentals of Optics : F.A. Jenking & H.E. White
8. A text Book of Light : K.G. Mazumder
9. Principles of Optics : B.K. Mathur

Paper Code 212709 Marks: 50 Credits: 2 Class Hours: 30

Paper Title Physics-II (Heat, Thermodynamics and Radiation)

1. Thermometry: Temperature, Concepts of thermal equilibrium, measurement of low

and high temperature: Gas thermometers, Resistance thermometer, Thermocouple,
Pyrometry, International temperature scale.
2. Calorimetry: Specific heats of solids, liquids and gases by method of mixture with radiation
corrections: Newton’s Law of cooling, Variations of specific heats, Atomic and molecular heats.
3. Transmission of Heat: Thermal conductivity, Determination of thermal conductivities of good
and bad conductors.
4. Thermodynamic Systems: Concept of internal energy: The first law of
thermodynamics, Work and specific heats, Isothermal and adiabatic processes.
5. The second law of thermodynamics: Reversible and irreversible processes: Carnot
cycle, Efficiency of reversible engines, Absolute thermodynamic temperature scale,
Change of phase: Clausius and Clapeyron equation, Porous plug experiment.
6. Entropy: Entropy of an ideal gas, Temperature-entropy diagram, Increase of entropy.
7. Thermodynamic Functions: The Maxwell’s relations, Specific heat equations.
8. Radiation: Concept of black body radiation, Kirchhoff’s law, Stefan–Boltzmann
law, Wien’s displacement Law, Rayleigh-Jean’s law, Planck’s Radiation law,
Pyrometers, Temperature of the sun.

Books Recommended:
1. Halliday, D. and Resnick, R. : Physics
2. A Text Book of Heat : T. Hossain
3. Principle of Heat, Thermodynamics and Radiation : M. A. Haque
4. A Text of Heat, Thermodynamics and Radiation : M. Ishaque & A.M.Z.Islam
5. A Text of Heat, Thermodynamics and Radiation : Z.I. Bhuiyan & S. Rahman
6. A text Book of Light : Choudhury, Saha & Pramanik
7. Heat and Theromodynamics : N. Uddin & A. Kalam
8. Tap O Tapagati Bijnan : M.A. Jabbar
9. Heat and Thermodynamics : M. W. Zemansky

Paper Code 211501 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

9
Paper Title: History of the Emergence of Independent Bangladesh

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History of the Emergence of Independent Bangladesh

Introduction: Scope and description of the emergence of Independent Bangladesh.

Writing on this topic.

1. Description of the country and its people.

a. Geographical features and their influence.
b. Ethnic composition.
c. Language.
d. Cultural syncretism and religious tolerance.
e. Distinctive identity of Bangladesh in the context of undivided Bangladesh.

2. Proposal for undivided sovereign Bengal and the partition of the Sub Continent, 1947.
a. Rise of communalism under the colonial rule, Lahore Resolution 1940.
b. The proposal of Suhrawardi and Sarat Bose for undivided Bengal : consequences
c. The creation of Pakistan 1947 .

3. Pakistan: Structure of the state and disparity.

a. Central and provincial structure.
b. Influence
of 11 Military and
Civil bureaucracy.
C . Economic , social and cultural disparity

4. Language Movement and quest for Bengali identity

a. Misrule by Muslim League and Struggle for democratic politics .
b. The Language Movement: context and phases .
c. United front of Haque – Vasani – Suhrawardi: election of 1954, consequences.

5. Military rule: the regimes of Ayub Khan and Yahia Khan (1958-1971)
a. Definition of military rules and its characteristics.
b. Ayub Khan’s rise to power and characteristics of his rule (Political repression, Basic
democracy, Islamisation)
c. Fall of Ayub Khan and Yahia Khan’s rule (Abolition of one unit, universal suffrage, the
Legal Framework Order)

6. Rise of nationalism and the Movement for self determination .

a. Resistance against cultura l aggression and resurgence of Bengali culture.
b. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the six point movement
c. Reactions : Importance and significance
d . The Agortola Case 1968.

7. The mass- upsurge of 1969 and 11 point movement: background,programme and

significance.

8. Election of 1970 and the Declaration of Independence by Bangobondhu

a. Election result and centres refusal to comply
b. The non co-operation movement, the 7th March , Address , Operation Searchlight
c. Declaration of Independence by Bangobondhu and his arrest

9. The war of Liberation 1971

a. Genocide, repression of women, refugees
b. Formation of Bangladesh government and proclamation of Independence
c. The spontaneous early resistance and subsequent organized resistance (Mukti Fouz,
Mukti Bahini, guerillas and the frontal warfare )
d. Publicity Campaign in the war of Liberation (Shadhin Bangla Betar Kendra, the
Campaigns abroad and formation of public opinion )
e. Contribution of students, women and the masses (Peoples war)
f. The role of super powers and the Muslim states in the Liberation war.
g. The Anti-liberation activities of the occupation army, the Peace Committee, Al-Badar, Al-
Shams,
12 Rajakars, pro
Pakistan political parties and Pakistani Collaborators , killing of the intellectuals.
h. Trial of Bangabondhu and reaction of the World Community.
i. The contribution of India in the Liberation War
j. Formation of joint command and the Victory
k. The overall contribution of Bangabondhu in the Independence struggle.

10. The Bangabondhu Regime 1972-1975

a. Homecoming
b. Making of the constitution
c. Reconstruction of the war ravaged country
d. The murder of Bangabondhu and his family and the ideological turn-around.

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cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv 2001|
5. W. nvi“b-Ai-iwk`, evOvwji ivóªwPš—v I ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Af~¨`q, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, XvKv 2003|
6. W. nvi“b-Ai-iwk`, e½eÜzi Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx cybcv©V, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, XvKv 2013|
7. W. AvZdzj nvB wkejx I W.†gvt gvneyei ingvb, evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK BwZnvm 1773-1972, m~eY©
cÖKvkb, XvKv 2013|
8. gybZvwmi gvgyb I RqšÍ Kzgvi ivq, evsjv‡`‡ki wmwfj mgvR cÖwZôvi msMÖvg, Aemi, XvKv 2006|
9. AvwZDi ingvb, Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi w`b¸wj: gyw³hy‡×i cÖ¯w‘ Z ce©, mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, XvKv 1998|
10. W. †gvt gvneyei ingvb, evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm, 1905-47, Zvgªwjwc, XvKv 2011|
11. W. †gvt gvneyei ingvb, evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm, 1947-1971, mgq cÖKvkb, XvKv 2012|
12. ‰mq` Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× civkw³i f~wgKv, Wvbv cÖKvkbx, XvKv 1982|
13. Aveyj gvj Ave`yj gywnZ, evsjv‡`k: RvwZiv‡óªi D™¢e, mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, XvKv 2000|
14. ‡kL gywReyi ingvb, Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, XvKv 2012|
15. wmivR D`&`xb Avn‡g`, GKvˇii gyw³hy×: ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Af~¨`q, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv 2011|
16. RqšÍ Kzgvi ivq, evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm, myeY© cÖKvkb, XvKv 2010|

13 17. Harun-
or-Roshid, The Foreshadowing of Bangladesh: Bengal Muslim League and Muslim
Politics, 1906-1947, The University Press Limited, Dhaka 2012.
18. Rounaq Jahan, Pakistan: Failure in National Integration, The University Press
Limited, Dhaka 1977.
19. Talukder Maniruzzaman, Radical Politics and the Emergence of Bangladesh, Mowla,
Brothers, Dhaka 2003.
20. ‡gmevn Kvgvj I Ckvbx PµeZx©, bv‡Pv‡ji K…lK we‡`ªvn, mgKvjxb ivRbxwZ I Bjv wgÎ, DËiY, XvKv
2008|
21. ‡gmevn Kvgvj, Avmv` I Ebmˇii MYAfy¨Ìvb, weeZ©b, XvKv 1986|

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