PERPETUAL HELP COLLEGE OF MANILA- JONELTA

Senior Highschool

The Various Factors on Career Choice

Among Grade 12 PHCM Students: A
Quantitative Study

Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School

Department

Perpetual Help College of Manila

Sampaloc, Manila

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Subject Research in Daily Life 2

By;
Almoguera, Cris Lawrence
Bayarong, Eljean
Gabion, Angela
Magdali, Jayco
Manalang, Patricia
Ordiales, Kween
Ramos, Juan Miguel
Rasco, Reniel
Soliva, Roden
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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

In this day of age, students’ aspirations are at its largest, especially students in
Senior High school are exiting their adolescence periods, therefore having their eyes set on
their mission and goals in life, that counts in their career choices, with the general consensus
of students aspiring for big goals and missions in life, career-choice is one of them.
According to Hadityati (2023) students are fueled by five elements in their career-choice,
which are, their intellect and unique talents, their engrossment in that career-path, their
temperament towards the career-path, their family’s background and their socioeconomic
status in life. According to Hoth et al. (2017) and Veronica et al. (2020), by the time students
are of ages that are in the normal demographic of High school students, they should have
been focused in the exploration of their career paths, and studies that were conducted by
CHED or the Commission of Higher Education in 2017 the age demographic of Senior High
school students, typically 15-18, year old students should be decided on what career path is
ahead of them, however, According to Damai et al. (2019), not all students have the right
career, a career that was supported by career planning is hereby a good career, career
planning is the best step towards the preparation of oneself to the path of further education
or the aspired career. According to Dvouletý et al. (2021) and Nastiti et al. (2019), the
branch of mechanics of one’s personal development in selecting a job, is career choice, and
it has been stated that it has been very vital for students to ponder about their future when it
comes to career choices.

In line with this statement, according to Akosah-Twumasi et al. (2020), that career
choice is a lifelong decision-making procedure for people who seek the accomplishment of
their goals and satisfactions in their work, and that career choices that are decided in the
vocational development process are most likely the top runner of all the following decisions
in their life, and added by Tripathi and Agrawal (2014), Career picking does not only consist
of the main job or occupation, rather, it also comes with the occupation, pre-occupation and
post-occupation in a people’s lifespans.

With the Philippines implementing the K-12 program in schools in 2016, students in
Senior High school have been separated into four separate academic ventures that they
called strands that will foresee their best career route are, STEM( Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics), HumSS (Humanities and Social Sciences), ABM
(Accountancy and Business Management), and TVL (Technical-Vocational Livelihood),
these strands are fit for categories based on career choices of students, or in the words of
Quiño (2022), SHS is the final two years of secondary education that is a preparation for
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post-secondary education, and also according to Quiño, career choices in all levels require a
great focus in creativity, researching, a great decision-making wit and a good resonation
with their judgement in their skills and capabilities. According to Magdadaro (2022), it takes
passion to understand entrepreneurship and its processes, this comes in play due to most
students aiming for their personal gratification in their career choosing process rather than
what the labor market is looking for.

Other factors can also come in play, such as family history, students with families
that have a deep resonation with one market often get pressured with their family’s legacies,
because according to Guney, B., Richter, M., &Tsur, M. (2011), in their homes, the nature of
students’ personalities are measured, therefore also correlating in their jobs, as they are
evaluated whilst on the job. According to Quiño (2022), students who attend in large or
renowned schools are at the advantageous points with regards to abundancy of career
choices, and that the choosing of strands should mirror what best fits their personality, career
choice and what strand hits like home to them.

Ths study aims to identify what influences a graduating student’s career path, this
identifies the goals and aspirations of the consensus G12 students.

This study will take place in the grounds of Perpetual Help College of Manila,
(PHCM), more specifically, in the Alfredo building, due to where that is where the students
of Grade 12 HumSS take their classes in.

In the conclusion of this paper, the various factors that affect Senior High school students in
their career choice should already be all dictated and quantified to what is most influential
and that the researchers should be able to give recommendations with regards to the best
path towards the career choices and/or career decision making procedures.

Theoretical Framework

This study will be anchored on the Social Cognitive Theory, developed by Albert Bandura
(1986), the Theory of Planned Behavior, developed by Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein
(1991). Firstly, this paper is anchored by the Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura,
because it states that, this theory describes the influence of the person’s experiences, the
factors regarding their environments and the people that compose it, and the people’s actions
towards them. This theory best relates to this paper due to student career-choices being
easily influenced by their environment, on how people interact with them and how their
environments around them shaped them to be.
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Lastly is the Theory of Planned Behavior by Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein (1991), it is a
theory designed to foresee an individual’s intent to immerse themselves in a behavior set at a
specific time and setting, this theory suggests that students are more likely to get leaned on
two elements, their intrinsic motivation (e.g interests, enjoyments) and extrinsic motivations
(e.g reward, recognition), and its subsets of elements, which are, their attitudes, behavioral
intent, norms, social norms, perceived power and perceived behavioral control, this theory
best fits our paper due to the key elements of this paper such as the intrinsic and extrinsic
motivations that would be vital in the terms of usage in the latter part of this paper, and this
theory also serves as groundwork for the formulation of questions in the research
questionnaires.

Operational Framework

In this study, we’re looking at how Grade 12 students choose their career choices, an
important outcome that we are interested in. There are many factors that influence this
decision. To ilustrate, family influence may help shape professional aspirations depending
on expectations and support from home fronts. Financial limitations or opportunities due to
economic background can have an effect on the paths they take. Interest drives students
towards professions that excite them personally. Academic performance would affect these
options opening or closing certain doors depending on their grades obtained so far. Finally,
job market conditions, help us understand which careers are highly sought after or more
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promising for the future. By putting all these elements together, we may comprehend what
motivates student’s career choices in the real sense of it. The "various factors" that are being
studied. These factors could include variables like family influence, economic background,
personal interests, academic performance, job market conditions. Career choice, The "career
choice" of Grade 12 students. This is the outcome that the study seeks to understand, which
may be influenced by the various factors.

Statement of the Problem

This study attempts to identify the various factors that influence career choice in
students in HUMSS PHCM Grade 12.

Specifically, the study yearns to answer the following problems;

1. What is the profiling of respondents in terms of;

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Strand

2. What are the Various Factors that influence career choice in students in Grade 12
PHCM?

2.1 Intellect

2.2 Unique talents;

2.4 Interest in Career Choice;

2.5 Personality;

2.6 Family Background;

2.7 Socioeconomic Status;

Statement of the Hypothesis

This study hypothesizes the following;

1. Students in G-12 are likely to take career choices that are pathed towards their
chosen strand.
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2. Students in G-12 are likely to take career choices that are demanded in today’s labor
market.

3. Students in G-12 are likely to take career choices that are in line with their intrinsic
and extrinsic motivations.

4. Students in G-12 are likely to take career choices that are in line with their family’s
lineage.

5. Students in G-12 are likely to take career choices that are only short for low
expenses.

Assumptions of the Study

In order to present the view of the study, it assumes that;

1. The idea of having a clear path to a career-choice should be present in all G-12
students’ ideas.

2. G-12 students are all responsible enough to have the knowledge to identify what of
the various factors influence their career-choice.

Scope and Delimitation

The focal point of the scope of this study relies on the influences of career choice in
Grade 12 students in PHCM, this varies on what motivation the general demographic of
students rely on, either the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations.

This study is aimed towards the Grade 12 students of PHCM who are enrolled in the
academic year 2024-2025, composed of randomly selected 60 respondents.

Significance of the Study

This research intends to explore the various elements that contribute to career

selection among students enrolled as a Grade 12 student at PHCM.

The following are whom this paper aims to benefit;

Students
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This research seeks to provide a more in-depth analysis of its influence on

students' learning experiences and career trajectories.

Future researchers

Future researchers may utilize these findings to further examine the potential of

the new generation of Grade 12 students in guiding students toward relevant career paths.

The Researchers

The essence of this paper can aid the researchers to gain more data pertaining to this specific
situation, in where career choice can greatly be quantified in the eyes of the different
students.

The Parents

The conclusion of this paper can greatly help the parents to aid their sons and daughters in
their career choice endeavors or to be just informed what career-path their sons and
daughters would want to take.

Definition of Terms

Terms under the Definition of Terms are defined operationally and conceptionally;

Career-Choice. Career choice involves the selection of one occupation over another
Uleanya (2021). Operationally, it is defined by the Cambridge Dictionary as ‘the job or
series of jobs you do during your working life, especially if you continue to get better jobs
and earn more money.’

Senior High School

. According to the Department of Education, Senior High School is the two years of
schooling that specializes in the upper secondary learning. Operationally, it is defined by the
Cambridge Dictionary as ‘a high school’.
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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this point of this paper, claims, ideas, theories, concepts from different scholarly
sources that imply ideas and concepts about the factors that influence students in their career
choices are compiled and presented to further give reasons to the researchers’ objectives. All
literature that would be stated would be groundwork for this research’s goals and conclusion
and are separated into different subtopics that relate largely to the main dilemma.

Influences in Career Choice

A career symbolizes an individual’s personality, passion, skills and intellect, with most
individuals sticking to one career path in their entire life, and most individuals sticking with
the course they took in college, according to Evans and Furlong (2020), Career decision is
most important to an individual to determine their paths in life, furthermore, it is relevant
that if an individual decides on a career path that does not compliment their skills, passion
and market value, it is most prevalent that they live their lives being stuck in that career path,
and that according to Yeung and Yang (2020), Career mismatch is a rampant and
widespread dilemma in this society, that therefore skyrockets the underemployment rate in
today’s young generation, as well as plummeting the economy with the population being
mismatched in their career path.

According to Giray and Quianzon (2023), students also are influenced by their peers rather
than their skills, personality and other traits, moreover, students are also most likely
influenced by their parents, wherein parents tell them to take in a certain course that might
be up in the alley of the student, and sometimes not, but nevertheless, in most cases, students
obey what their parents ultimately decided their child to take, and according to Dangoy and
Madrigal (2020) in this age, students are conceptualizing and paving their ways for them to
integrate themselves in a community, to get involved in contributing to selected career
communities. Moreover, students that suffer the fate of a career mismatch, they will most
likely be stuck in a poverty ridden life or with most cases, pivot to a new and most likely
easier career path that coincides with their talents, but sometimes career mismatched
students just stick to minimum wage-earning jobs to get by.

Career Mismatch

According to Arianne (2022), Career mismatch is a situation where an employee's skills or

educational background do not align with the required skills for success in a job. It can have
significant consequences for both the employee and the company, affecting productivity and
motivation. There are two types of career mismatches: one where the employee's skills do
not align with the job requirements, and the other where the employee's skills do not align
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with the job requirements. Individuals may experience job dissatisfaction due to poor
alignment between career choice and personal interests, and may also experience
underemployment due to limited job opportunities or lower skill utilization. As stated by
Wardani et al. (2020), education is the most expensive investments and is the most-selling
service that the public subscribe to, and also has one of the highest ceilings in investment
return, and a return on investment reaches its peaks when an individual’s has a strong bond
with his superior and/or he/she/they are/is utilizing knowledge gained from previous
education and/or experiences efficiently, but in some cases, rather than the investment to
return big time, it fluctuates and goes down, where career mismatch comes in. In 2020,
February, the CSA or the Central Statistics Agency in Indonesia conducted a study about
individuals’ employments, and it concluded that the 63rd percentile of the 129.36 million
workers surveyed were mismatched in their professions. According to Condes and Lachica
(2022), mismatching of professions has been a prevalent and rampant case in today’s
market, during a study conducted by the Associated Labor Unions-Trade Congress in the
Philippines, an estimate of 1.2 million was made wherein college graduates are prone to
unemployment due to skills and training that does not compliment their aspired profession.
In line with this dilemma, Senior High schools have implemented a non-mandatory NCAE
or National Career Assessment Examination in schools, for students and schools so calculate
their skills and integrate themselves in the industries available in today’s market.

Factors in Career Choice

According to Nosheen and Irshad (2020) A student’s career choices are crucial in
determining their lifestyle and that of their close circle. Numerous factors influence a
student’s ability to explore available options and make informed, logical career plans. Key
variables affecting career choice include demographic factors such as family background,
family structure, cultural and family values, expectations for career guidance, and the
family’s financial situation. And According to Niyaz et al. (2024) he studies of influences on
career choice has not been extensively explored. Previous research has identified a variety of
factors that impact students’ career decisions. According to John Holland’s theory of career
orientations, individuals should choose careers that align with their personalities. Decisions
are influenced by traits such as being realistic, creative, artistic, social, entrepreneurial, and
conventional, leading students to select their respective fields. Students’ initial career
choices are primarily influenced by factors related to their careers, such as job security,
availability, and financial benefits. They tend to choose careers that promise a better and
more secure future. As per John Holland’s Theory of Career Choice, individuals opt for
environments that allow them to utilize their knowledge and skills, express their beliefs and
values, and engage in challenging activities that require problem solving and fulfilling
responsibilities. In the factors relating to career choice, two major groups can be classified:
the intrinsic and extrinsic factors respectively. According to Liu (2020), Students’
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motivation in learning can be augmented by setting a competitive and collaborative

environment with their peers, with the most common way to do so is making learning a
contest to students, also added by Liu, contests positively aims students in the right direction
when it comes to learning now and learning in the future, and also that learning and
motivation to learn can be supplemented by teaching materials, digital applications and other
resources as opposed to passively experiencing them. It was learnt that in past studies that
the two factors, intrinsic and extrinsic, have a relationship that oppose each other, it is when
an individual has a high motivation in the extrinsic way, that of the intrinsic motivation goes
down exponentially (Liu, 2020), and it has also shown that when extrinsic motivations are
significantly inverse to intrinsic motivations, and that when extrinsic motivations are high
within an individual, it has shown that they have the willingness to adopt web-based
platforms of learning.

According to Santiago (2022), intrinsic and extrinsic factors have to subsets. First, is
Intelligence, a student that has the ability to perceive logical connections and uses their
knowledge efficiently to solve problems are most commonly associated with the word
“bright” or “intelligent” and that this student is most likely to earn and obtain higher marks
in class rather than students who lack the abilities stated, but it has not been always
intelligence, in some cases students who are driven by their extrinsic factors flourish much
more better that those students who ran their intrinsic factors. Second is Sex, it was founded
that the sex and sexual orientation of the individual has a significant influence in career
choice of students, but not all the time, with some researchers arguing that the male
population outperform the females in every way, and with others stating that the latter
outperformed the former. Other factors were also reviewed such as study habit (Aurora &
Singh, 2020), regular attendance, regular study, efficient an early assignment completion
Sibanda et al. (2021), family environment, the teacher’s competence in teaching their
subject, effectiveness of the facilities used and socioeconomic factors (Santiago, 2022), and
added by Quintos et al. (2020), Students who graduate from Senior High School’s college
course choices are significantly influenced by a variety of variables, including what strand
they chose to take up between their eleventh and twelfth grade, as it may lead them to
continue following the academic route they decided to take before college or move to a
different academic field of study for their undergraduate.
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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the methodology of the research is cited as well as the participants, the
manner of sampling, the instrumentation, research locale and with the procedure analyses.

Research Design

This scrutiny uses the Descriptive Correlational Design, which according to Lappe (2000),
aims to describe the correlation or relationships of variables as opposed to using cause and
effect relationships. This research design is best to use with it being the best to describe the
current career choices of senior high school students whilst also exploring the relationships
between various influencing factors such as personal interests, parental influence, and
academic performance.

Sources of Data

In this paper, wherein a Descriptive Correlational Design is used, the sources of data is in
the form of surveys, wherein gathering quantitative information on a range of topics,
including academic influences, personal interests and career objectives is in line with the
paper’s research design, as well as the quantitative form of this research. Further insights are
also provided by institutional data from career services departments, such as career
counseling records and career mismatch. These data will be statistically analyzed to identify
trends and correlations that provide a clear knowledge of how these factors affect students in
career choice.

Population of the Study

The participants include 60 randomly selected Senior High school students enrolled in
PHCM in the academic year 2024-2025.

Instrumentation and Validation

With regards to the Instrumentation, a survey-questionnaire was used to collect the

necessary data, all based on the Statement of the Problems that were listed prior, the survey-
questionnaire went through a validation process, with the validator being a research panelist,
teacher as well as a teacher of English.

Evaluation and Scoring

In measuring the various factors that influence career choice, the following scales were used;

Assigned Points Numerical Range Verbal Interpretation

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1 2.51 – 4.00 Agree

2 1.00 - 2.50 Disagree

Data Gathering Procedure

Firstly, Class Lists would be either asked with coinciding consent letters to advisers or
secretaries of each class, once given, at least 10 students in the Senior High department of
PHCM, particularly students in Batch 1, and are randomly chosen with survey
questionnaires handed out to students and then collected once done answering.

Statistical Treatment and Analysis of Data

Data that will be gained in this study would undergo 7 steps, firstly is the Data Cleaning
wherein in this step, this is where the accuracy and consistency of the data is ensured and
solidified, secondly is the Data Transformation, wherein the data is transformed to be ready
for analyzation, with the data undergoing a sub step, which is the normalization, wherein the
data is scaled to a common range(often between 0 and 1) , thirdly is the Descriptive
Statistics wherein the data is summarized and described, fourthly is the Inferential Statistics,
wherein the drawing of conclusions pertaining to the population of the study is done, based
on the date that is sampled, fifthly, Statistical Modeling, wherein tables, and models(if
needed) are made to further explain the relationships of the variables and to visualize the
data, sixthly, the Data Interpretation, wherein the data is interpreted, providing context,
forming statistical results, and lastly is the Reporting of Results, wherein the data concluded
and formed is reported.

Ethical Consideration

With this study’s conclusion, we assured that consent was properly asked from the
participants with the use of signed consent letters that are to be passed to our teacher and the
research center of PHCM, and the administration of PHCM, with the aforementioned letters
including an option to opt out of study in case of traumatic triggers, belief disturbances and
personal disturbances. The safety and covertness of the participants will be on strict notice.
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Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

In this chapter, the data gathered from the survey, is analyzed, and presented
through the various forms data can be presented. This study aims to analyze and conclude
what career paths G12 students in Perpetual Help College of Manila (PHCM) want to take.

1. Profile of Respondents

Table 1

The Profile of the Respondents

Profile Frequency Percentage

Age Below 17 4 6.9

17 30 51.7

Above 17 25 41.3

Gender Male 31 53.4

Female 28 46.6

Strand HUMSS 24 39.7

STEM 14 24.1

ABM 11 19

TVL 9 15.5

ICT 1 1.7

Number of
Respondents = 58
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In the presented table 1, the percentages and frequencies of the profiling of the respondents.
Firstly, is the Age, where the students who participated in the survey averaged 17 years of
age where they averaged 51.7% more than below or more 17 years of age which according
to CHED in 2024 is inside the age demographic of 16-18 years of age, but again with the
table, the students who answered below the age 17 averaged 6.9% and the students above 17
averaging 41.3%.

Secondly, as listed is the Gender of the respondents, where the male demographic edged out
the female demographic by 6.8%, averaging 53.4% whilst the female group averaged 46.6%.

Lastly is the strand, where HUMSS, ranks first with 39.7% of all responses, second is
STEM, with 24.1%, third is ABM with 19%, fourth is TVL with 15.5% and lastly was ICT,
with 1.1%

Part II: What are the various factors that influence career choice in G12 students in
PHCM?

Table 1

Unique Talents

Indicators Weighte Verbal Ranking

d Interpretation
Average

1. My unique talents play a significant role 2.88 Agree 2

in deciding my future career.

2. I am inclined to choose a career path that 3.01 Agree 1

aligns my talents.

As shown in Table 1, this table highlights the sub-SOP which is the Unique Talents,
consisting of two questions regarding the influence of talents to the respondents’ career path.
Of the two questions, both averaged the response ‘Agree’ averaging 2.94 throughout all the
other tables, ranking second.

According to the Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments by Holland

(1997), Unique talents influences career choice with the fit between personal endeavors and
work environment.
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And added by Kreitler H. & Kreitler S. (2006), Individuals choose a career paths that allows
their unique talents to excel and blossom.

Table 2

Intellect

Indicators Weighted Verbal Ranking

Mean Interpretation

1. My intellect plays a significant 2.86 Agree 3

role in deciding my future career
2. I am inclined to choose a career 3.10 Agree 1
path that enhances my intellectual
ability.
3. I am inclined to choose a career 2.89 Agree 2
path that explores my intellectual
ability.

4. I am inclined to choose a career 2.69 Agree 4

path wherein I have to only use my
intellectual ability.

As shown in Table 2, this table highlights the sub-SOP which is the Intellect, consisting of
four questions regarding the influence of the respondents’ intellect in their career paths. Of
the four questions, all having a collected an ‘Agree’ response, and averaged 2.88 which
ranks as the third highest mean calculated throughout all the SOPs.

According to the Theory of Circumscription and Compromise of Gottfredson (2002),

Individuals with above average intellect often times pursue a career path that exceeds the
norm of complexities of other jobs, these higher complexities come with prestigious job
paths, and the other half that possesses lower than average intellect of course in turn prefer
career or job opportunities that require less skill.
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And added by Krumboltz’s (1996) Theory of Career Choice and Counseling, individuals that
carry an above average intellect get served a more varied palette of career opportunities,
whilst the latter do not get such opportunities.

Table 3

Interest

Indicators Weighte Verbal Ranking

d Mean Interpretation
1. My interest in a certain career 2.88 Agree 2.5
path play a significant role in
deciding my future career.
2. I am inclined to choose a career 2.11 Disagree 4
path that I have been interested in
since I was a child.
3. I am inclined to choose a career 3.05 Agree 1
path that piques my interest.
4. I am only inclined in choosing a 2.88 Agree 2.5
career path that aligns with my
interests.

As shown in Table 3, this table highlights the sub-SOP which is Interest, consisting of four
questions regarding the influence of interest in the respondents’ career paths. Of all the four
questions, 3 acclaimed the average response of ‘Agree’, whilst 1 got the response
‘Disagree’, averaging 2.23 throughout all the SOPs, being dead last at the tally.

According to Savickas’ (2002) Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior, career

choices are heavily influenced by the plethora of personal interests one can have, stating that
interests play vital roles in a person’s professional decisions and options.

Whilst Schneider & Stevenson (1989) suggests that, even with personal interests, a person
cannot be guaranteed a career path of such interest due to other contextual factors such as
socioeconomic status, family obligations, education access, and more that can hinder career
paths and set a different career trajectory.

And also added by Cohen & Biddle (1981), that even when personal interests influence
career paths, it is possible that most individuals either stick to the more rewarding career
path, such as monetary rewards (a higher salary), familial traditions.
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Table 4

Personality

Indicators Weighted Verbal Ranking

Mean Interpretation

1. My personality plays a 3.15 Agree 2

significant role in deciding my
future career.

2. I am inclined to choose a 3.16 Agree 1

career that fits my personality.
3. I am inclined to choose a 2.93 Agree 3
career that does not hinder
who and what I am.
4. I find myself choosing a 2.89 Agree 4
career that augments my
personality.
5. I am inclined to choose a 2.84 Agree 5
career that makes my
personality flourish.

As shown in Table 4, this table highlights the sub-SOP which is the Personality, consisting
of 5 questions regarding the influence of personality in the respondents’ career paths. Out of
the 5 questions, all averaged the response of ‘Agree’ and, posting an average of 2.99, which
is at the top of all SOPs.

According to Holland’s (1997) Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments,

Individuals with certain personal characteristics often aim themselves towards a career path
that match with their personal frameworks.

And as added by Roberts & Mroczek (2008), career choices can develop as personality traits
change, therefore affecting career development and progress.
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And added by to Judge & Bono (2001), Individuals that posses an inflated amount of
emotional stability and self-esteem are more leaned towards taking leadership roles or other
career paths that require a heap of confidence and strong diction, whilst the other part of the
demographic that holds meager amounts of self-esteem and emotional stability often are
inverse to the former.

Table 5

Family Background

Indicators Weighted Verbal Ranking

Mean Interpretation
1. My family’s background 2.44 Disagree 2
play a significant role in
deciding my future career
2. I am inclined to choose a 2.35 Disagree 3
career that continues a
tradition that my family has.
3. I am inclined to choose a 2.45 Disagree 1
career path that is in line with
what my mother wants.

As shown in Table 5, this table highlights the sub-SOP which is the Family Background,
which consists of 3 questions regarding the influence of family background in the
respondents’ career paths. Out of the 3 questions, all averaged the response ‘Disagree’ and
attained an average of 2.41, tied for second to the last throughout the SOPs

In agreeance to the results, according to Breen & Goldthorpe (1997), that career choice is
more influenced by the evolution of the opportunities of individuals in the labor market,
personal ambition, and individual-decision making than by family background.

And added by Aries & Seider (2005), that as individuals mature, they gain autonomy over
their career decisions, and makes family background less enticing as an influence.
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Table 6

Family Beliefs

Indicators Weighted Verbal Ranking

Mean Interpretation

1. My family’s thoughts and beliefs play a 2.44 Disagree 1

significant role in my career path.

2. I am inclined to choose a career path that is 2.45 Disagree 2

in line with what my father wants.

3. I am inclined to choose a career path that is 2.35 Disagree 3

in line with what my mother wants.

As shown in Table 6, this table highlights the sub-SOP which is the Family Beliefs, which
consists of 3 questions regarding the influence of family beliefs to the respondents’ career
paths. Of all of the 3 questions, they all averaged a response of ‘Disagree’ and got an
average of 2.41, tied for second to the last with Table 2.5, Family Background.

According to Liu & Ivey (2006), individuals are more leaned towards familial beliefs as an
influence in career choice early in their careers, but suggest that individuals in the long run,
get more matured, autonomous, therefore making familial beliefs to fizzle out as influences
in career choices.

And as added by Fouad & Guillen (2006), other factors such as individual interests, personal
abilities, and the availability of career resources are found to be more significant than
familial beliefs, and that career choices are seen as individually made decisions that are
shaped by various influences, not just familial beliefs.
PERPETUAL HELP COLLEGE OF MANILA- JONELTA
Senior Highschool

Table 7

Socioeconomic Status

Indicators Weighted Verbal Ranking

Average Interpretation

1. My socioeconomic status play a 2.84 Agree 1

significant role in my career path.

2. I am inclined to choose the career path 2.11 Disagree 3

that will better my socioeconomic status.

3. I am inclined to choose a career path that 2.72 Agree 2

does not cripple our socioeconomic status.

As shown in Table 7, this table highlights the sub-SOP which is the Socioeconomic Status,
which consists of 3 questions regarding the influence of respondents’ socioeconomic status
in their career paths. Out of the 3 questions, 2 attained the average response of ‘Agree’,
whilst 1 got the ‘Disagree’ response, and all averaging 2.55, fit for the 4th throughout the
SOPs.

According to Sewell & Hauser (1975), an individual’s socioeconomic status plays a vital
role in shaping career paths of individuals, due to an individual’s socioeconomic status
affecting resources such as education, career exploration and networking.

And as added by Cohen & Biddle (1981), that a lack of a good socioeconomic status, results
in individuals being kept away from prestigious education, and specialized training.
PERPETUAL HELP COLLEGE OF MANILA- JONELTA
Senior Highschool

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMENDATION

This chapter focuses on the summary of findings, concocting a conclusion and

recommendations to further exemplify and solidify the findings of this paper.

This study aims to identify the most influential factor in Grade 12 students’ career paths, this
study tackles the demographic profiling of the respondents (age, strand, gender), and the
different factors that influence career choice (Unique Talents, Intellect, Interest, Personality,
Family Background, Family Beliefs, and Socioeconomic Status).

This study utilized the Descriptive-Correlational Design, and amassing 59

respondents in PHCM Senior Highschool Department, Grade 12.

Summary of Findings

This study emphasized on the different factors that can apply in career choice in
Grade 12 students in PHCM, this paper shed light among the different influential factors that
can apply when in career pathing, as well as identified the most influential out of all
influences.

The following are the summary of the findings throughout the study;

1. The demographic profile substantiates that the age profiles of the respondents were
leaning towards the 17-year age brackets, and are mostly male, who belong to the HUMSS
strand.

2. The recorded average of the influence of Unique Talents to the career choice of the
respondents were 2.94, that was assessed as ‘Agree’ in the indicators, and ranks second
among all influences, which in turn is a significantly influential influence.

3. The recorded average of the influence of Intellect to the career choice of the
respondents were 2.88, which averaged a result of ‘Agree’ based on the indicators and ranks
as the third among all influences, which also is significant in all the other influences.

4. The recorded average of the influence of Personality to the career choice of the
respondents were 2.99, which averaged a response of ‘Agree’ based on the indicators and
PERPETUAL HELP COLLEGE OF MANILA- JONELTA
Senior Highschool

ranks first among all influences, which means that Personality is the most influential
influence in terms of career choice of Grade 12 PHCM students.

5. The recorded average of the influence of Interest to the career choice of the
respondents were 2.23, which averaged a response of ‘Disagree’ based on the indicators and
ranks last among all influences, therefore meaning that Interest is the least influential out of
all influences.

6. The recorded average of the influence of Family Background to the career choice of
the respondents were 2.41, which averaged a response of ‘Disagree’ based on the indicators
and ranks second to the last among all influences, therefore means that Family Background
is not as influential as other influences in career choice in students.

7. The recorded average of the influence of Family Beliefs to the career choice of the
respondents were 2.41, which averaged a response of ‘Disagree’ based on the indicators and
ranks second to the last among all influences, which again therefore means that Family
Beliefs is not as influential as other influences in career choice in students.

8. The recorded average of the influence of Socioeconomic Status to the career choice
of the respondents were 2.55, which averaged a response of ‘Agree’ based on the indicators
and ranks as fourth among all influences, which in turn means that Socioeconomic Status is
mildly influential to career choice in students.

Conclusion

The successful data gathering procedures and analyzations provided a concise and
accurate understanding of what the various factors of career choice in Grade 12 PHCM
students are.

Therefore, conclusions about this study were made across different respondent
demographics, and these are;

1. The respondent profiling signifies that the consensus of the age bracket of the
respondents were of 17 years old, male, and was enrolled under the strand HUMSS.

2. The influence of Personality ranked highest, which signals that it is the most
influential influence towards the career paths of Grade 12 students in PHCM, second ranks
the Unique Talents, third ranks the Intellect, fourth is the Socioeconomic Status, tied with
fifth is the Family Beliefs and Family Background, and last was the Interest.
PERPETUAL HELP COLLEGE OF MANILA- JONELTA
Senior Highschool

3. Even when the demographic profiling of the respondents was diverse, the level of
influences was all closely tied together, with the influences all influential, but rather some
are just more influential than the rest.

Recommendations

When coinciding with the conclusions, basing on the results and the existing
researches, an array of recommendations was made;

1. Students should be encouraged to be hands-on with their career aspirations, locking

in on career paths, especially on the last year of Senior Highschool, where students are on a
trajectory to enter college.

2. The school must encourage the students in the different career paths that they could
take, employing career seminars and other programs that help students in their career
choices.

3. The teachers must inform and deliberately debrief the students of the possible career
paths that they could take, this can either be implemented in classroom lectures or other
different methods that inform students of the different career paths they can take.

4. School administrators should implement the idea of career paths through different
ways such as social media, programs, and other kinds of methods to introduce career paths
to students.

5. Parents and guardians are encouraged to set the eyes of the nearly graduating
students to the idea of choosing a career.

6. Future researchers are incentivized to utilize this research paper to further deepen
the knowledge that is on this paper and to further conclude this paper.
PERPETUAL HELP COLLEGE OF MANILA- JONELTA
Senior Highschool

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