Lagrange Multipliers

f(0 ,
1) = 2 f (0 , 1 = 2 f(l , 0 =
1 f 0) ,
=

I I
of x2 + f(0 ,
We
Lagranga's method for maximizing and max value f on circle
2 is 11) 2 ; min
1 =
can use
minimizing a
general
=

function flx ,
y 7) subject to a constraint gly ) =
Ge value is f(11 , 0) = /
level surface
, ,

>
g(x ,
y) = C

C #
=
there is an intersection flx y , ,
z) = x +
2y
-
2z xz +
2y + Hz 1

minima
gives constrained maxima

vel curves
g(x y ,
,
z) = x+
2yz 4z3 +

-
L
&
g
&
f = 1

Dfx -27 < 2x

My 8)
Ms Lit
f= 2
of f(x , y) 1 2
DgIx y z)
-

=C
C2 z) =
Cs , etc Mg and f
y
, =
, , .
-
, , ,
, , , ,
are 11
-

The leval 11 i 2j 27 x(2xi 8zk)

have tangents +
4yj
· + =
curves -
+

the level curves have 11 normals 1 = 2x x + x = *

2

gradient vector are 11 2=

4yx + ↑
y 21
=

Df(x0 ,
yo) = X Mg(X0 Yo) ,
for some scalar x 2 = 821 +
z = -x

solution
gives max and min x
2
+
2y2 + 4z = 1 + x y( yx )
(EN) 2(2 + + =
1

# flx ,
y) =

xy
wh a constraint of 2x +
3y = 6 ( + = 11 412 .

f(x X 1 2 1 4x2
Dg(x y)
+ +
g(x y) 2x
3y y)
=
= + =
,
, i

X 1)
<y > Dg(x y) <2 3)
=
1 f(x ,
y) =
,
x ,
=
,

x(2i 3j) X= 1 x 2 z z # fl , ,-2) = 2

y=
-

yi xj + = + = =

2x ->
y 2(z) =
y= x =- 1 x 2 2 z 5 +f ,) = 2
y
= -

y
= = = =

S (x =
3x + x = 3(t) = x= 2 Imax is (1 E -) , ,
= 2 ; min is fl-2-2 7) ,
= -

2)

↑
2x + 3y = 6

2(3X) + 3(2x) = 6 # A
rectangular box who a lid is to be made from

12x = 6 = > x = E 12m of cardboard .

Find max volume of such a box

V= g(x y z) 2xz 2yz 12

xyz xy
= + + =
, ,

A Find the extreme values of the function flx ,

y) =
x
**
2 on the DV =
(yz ,
xz ,
xy g(x y , , 7) = <2z +
y ,
2z + x ,
2x +
2y)
z=
x(yz (2z
y) X) xyz x(2x
xy)
>
-
circle x = + = = +
y
+

X)
g(x y),
= x +
y = 1
y(xz = (2z x) + ->

xyz =
x(zyz +
xy)
Df(x ,
y) (2x 4y>
=
,
glx y) ,
=
< 2xi2y z(xy =
(2x +
2y(X) >
-
xyz = x(2xz +
2yz)
2xi + x(2xi + 2yj) 2xz
2yz 12
4yj
+ x =

y
=
+

2x = 2xX
4y =
2yX x(2xz xy) + =
x(2yz xy) +

2x -
2xx 0 =

X) (xz
zyz
0 +
2x)1
xy
+

xy
- = =

x = 0
,
X =
1
xz
yz
=

x=
it X= 0 : 02 ==
1 =) y
y >
2yz + x y
+

2yz
=
=
2xz +

,
=

if x = 1
4y 2y(l) = =
y
= 0
xy
= 2x z
x = 2z
4 =

y
=
it 02 2z -

y
=
=0 x2 + 1
y = = > x = 1)
4z2 + 4z2 + 4z2 = 12

crit pts :
(0 ,
1) (0 , 1) -

(1 , 0) ( 1 0) +

, E= 1