Department of Mechanical Engineering
Thermodynamics
Jitendra Kumar
Energy Interaction(work and heat)
Work is said to be done by a system if the sole effect on things external
to the system can be equated to rising of weight (weight may not be
actually raised)
Conversion-Work done by the system is taken as positive and work
done on the system is taken as negative
Types of work-:
(1) closed system work or non-flow work
(2) open system work or flow work
(1)closed system work or non-flow work
"closed system work is equal to area to area under the curve when
projected on volume axis on p-v diagram".
Though the end points or path a and b are same but the area is
differnet and hence work transfer at a and b is differnt ,therefore work
transfer depends on path followed by the process and hence work
transfer is a path function and it is not a property.
NOTE:-(1) work transfer is an in exact differential(dω or δω).
(2) work transfer is a boundary phenomenon.
*condition for applying the equation
[w=∫pdv]
(1) A system must be a closed system.
(2)work should cross the boundary.
(3) The process must be reversible process.
closed system or non-flow for various process.
(i) Constant volume process (Isochoric or Isometric process.)
closed system constand volume work is equal to zero.
(ii) constant pressure process (Isobaric or Isopiestic process. )
(iii) Isothermal process (constant temperature)
(iv) Adiabatic process-: In this process where is no heat transfer from
the system.
pVγ = constant, where γ is the heat capacity ratio (CP/CV)
γ>I
(γ = Cp/Cv)
for an adiabatic process.
in adiabatic process,the energy interaction isonly in the form of work
transfer.
Adiabatic closed system work:-
(v) Polytropic process :- In a polytropic process,the pressure and the
volume follows the law
[ pv^n=constant]
where n is known as polytrpoic index
n > I and n < γ
In polytropic process here is both heat transfer and work transfer.
closed system polytropic porcess:-
closed system work
Accending order of K :-
Elope of isothermal curves on pv diagram:-
Slope of Adiabatic curves on p-v diagram:-
[ dp/dv = -γ.p/v ]
slope of adiabatic curves on p-v diagramv = -γ .p/v
Adiabatic slope = γ (-p/v)
Adiabtic slope = γ (isothermal slope)
as γ > I
A diabatic slope > isothermal slope
