Stoichiometry SL MC 1 [90 marks]

1. 0.10 mol of hydrochloric acid is mixed with 0.10 mol of calcium [1 mark]
carbonate.
2HCl (aq) + CaCO3 (s) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Which is correct?

2. What is the sum of the coefficients when the equation is balanced with [1 mark]
whole numbers?
__MnO 2 (s) + __HCl (aq) → __MnCl2 (aq) + __H2O (l) + __Cl2 (g)
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9

3. Which is correct? [1 mark]

A. Mixtures are either homogeneous or heterogeneous and their chemical

properties are an average of the individual component properties.
B. Mixtures are never heterogeneous and their chemical properties are an
average of the individual component properties.
C. Mixtures are either homogeneous or heterogeneous and the components retain
their individual chemical properties.
D. Mixtures are never homogeneous and the components retain their individual
chemical properties.
4. Which contains the greatest number of moles of oxygen atoms? [1 mark]
A. 0.05 mol Mg(NO 3)2
B. 0.05 mol C6H4(NO2)2
C. 0.1 mol H2O
D. 0.1 mol NO2

5. Which diagram represents a heterogeneous mixture? [1 mark]

6. What is the sum of the coefficients when the equation is balanced with [1 mark]
the smallest whole numbers?
__BaCl2 (aq) + __Fe2(SO4)3 (aq) → __FeCl3 (aq) + __BaSO4 (s)
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 9
7. What is the empirical formula of a hydrocarbon with 75 % carbon and 25 [1 mark]
% hydrogen by mass?
A. C3H
B. CH2
C. C2H6
D. CH4

8. Which graph would not show a linear relationship for a fixed mass of an [1 mark]
ideal gas with all other variables constant?
A. P against V
1
B. P against V

C. P against T
D. V against T

9. How many moles of magnesium hydroxide are produced with 0.50 mol of [1 mark]
ammonia?
Mg3N2 (s) + 6H2O (l) → 3Mg(OH)2 (aq) + 2NH3 (aq)
A. 0.25
B. 0.33
C. 0.75
D. 1.5

10. What is the sum of the integer coefficients when propene undergoes [1 mark]
complete combustion?
__C3H6 (g) + __O2 (g) → __CO2 (g) + __H2O (l)
A. 11
B. 17
C. 21
D. 23

11. What is the volume of gas when the pressure on 100 cm3 of gas is [1 mark]
changed from 400 kPa to 200 kPa at constant temperature?
A. 50.0 cm3

B. 100 cm3

C. 200 cm3

D. 800 cm3

−3
12. What is the concentration, in mol dm −3, of 20.0 g of NaOH (Mr = 40.0) in [1 mark]
500.0 cm3?
A. 0.250
B. 0.500
C. 1.00
D. 4.00

13. How many moles of FeS2 are required to produce 32 g of SO2? (Ar: S = 32, [1 mark]
O = 16)
4FeS2 (s) + 11O2 (g) → 2Fe2O 3 (s) + 8SO2 (g)

A. 0.25
B. 0.50
C. 1.0
D. 2.0

14. The volume of a sample of gas measured at 27 °C is 10.0 dm3. What is [1 mark]
the temperature when the volume is reduced to 9.0 dm3 at the same
pressure?

A. −3.0 °C
B. 24.3 °C
C. 29.7 °C
D. 57.0 °C

15. 16 g of bromine react with 5.2 g of metal, M, to form MBr2. What is the [1 mark]
relative atomic mass of the metal M? (Ar : Br = 80)

A. 13
B. 26
C. 52
D. 104
16. An antacid tablet containing 0.50 g of NaHCO3 (Mr = 84) is dissolved in [1 mark]
water to give a volume of 250 cm3. What is the concentration, in mol
dm−3, of HCO3− in this solution?

0.250×84
A. 0.50
0.50
B. 84×0.250
250×84
C. 0.50
0.50
D. 84×250

17. Which is a homogeneous mixture? [1 mark]

A. Oil and water
B. Sand and water
C. Ethanol and water
D. Chalk and sand

18. What is the molecular formula of a hydrocarbon containing 84.6% carbon [1 mark]
by mass with a molar mass of 142.3 g mol−1?
A. C20H44
B. C11H10
C. C10H22
D. C5H11

19. Which graph shows the relationship between the volume and pressure of [1 mark]
a fixed mass of an ideal gas?
20. What is the percentage yield when 7 g of ethene produces 6 g of ethanol? [1 mark]
Mr(ethene) = 28 and Mr(ethanol) = 46
C2H4(g) + H2O(g) → C2H5OH(g)
6×7×100
A. 28×46
6×46×100
B. 7×28
6×28
C. 7×46×100
6×28×100
D. 7×46

21. What is the sum of the coefficients when the equation is balanced with [1 mark]
the lowest whole number ratio?
__Na2S2O 3(aq) + __HCl(aq) → __S(s) + __SO2(g) + __NaCl(aq) + __H2O(l)
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9

22. What is the number of atoms of oxygen in 2.0 mol of hydrated sodium [1 mark]
carbonate, Na2CO3•10H2O? Avogadro’s constant, L or NA: 6.02 × 1023
mol–1
A. 6
B. 26
C. 3.6 × 1024
D. 1.6 × 1025

23. What is the volume, in cm3, of the final solution if 100 cm3 of a solution [1 mark]
containing 1.42 g of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, is diluted to the
concentration of 0.020 mol dm–3?
Mr(Na2SO4) = 142
A. 50
B. 400
C. 500
D. 600
24. What is the percentage yield when 2.0 g of ethene, C2H4, is formed from [1 mark]
5.0 g of ethanol, C2H5OH?
Mr(ethene) = 28; Mr(ethanol) = 46
2.0 5.0
A. 28
× 46
× 100
2.0

B. 28
5.0 × 100
46

28 5.0
C. 2.0
× 46
× 100
28

D. 2.0
5.0 × 100
46

25. Which electron transition emits energy of the longest wavelength? [1 mark]

26. How many atoms of nitrogen are there in 0.50 mol of (NH4)2CO3? [1 mark]
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3.01 × 1023
D. 6.02 × 1023

27. What is the value of x when 32.2 g of Na2SO4•xH2O are heated leaving [1 mark]
14.2 g of anhydrous Na2SO4? Mr(H2O) = 18; Mr(Na2SO4) = 142.
Na2SO4•xH2O (s) → Na2SO4 (s) + xH2O (g)
A. 0.1
B. 1
C. 5
D. 10
28. How many grams of sodium azide, NaN3, are needed to produce 68.1 [1 mark]
dm3 of N2 (g) at STP?
Molar volume at STP = 22.7 dm3 mol–1; Mr(NaN3) = 65.0
2NaN3 (s) → 3N2 (g) + 2Na (s)
A. 32.5
B. 65.0
C. 130.0
D. 195.0

29. What is the sum of the coefficients when the following equation is [1 mark]
balanced using the smallest whole numbers?
__C6H12O 6 (aq) → __C2H5OH (aq) + __CO2 (g)
A. 4
B. 5
C. 9
D. 10

30. Which compound has the greatest percentage by mass of nitrogen [1 mark]
atoms?
A. N2H4
B. NH3
C. N2O 4
D. NaNO3

31. Which statements about mixtures are correct? [1 mark]

I. The components may be elements or compounds.
II. All components must be in the same phase.
III. The components retain their individual properties.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

3 –3
32. 5.0 cm3 of 2.00 moldm–3 sodium carbonate solution, Na2CO3(aq), was [1 mark]
3
added to a volumetric flask and the volume was made up to 500 cm with
water. What is the concentration, in moldm–3, of the solution?
A. 0.0050
B. 0.0040
C. 0.020
D. 0.010

33. What is the expression for the volume of hydrogen gas, in dm3, produced [1 mark]
at STP when 0.30 g of magnesium reacts with excess hydrochloric acid
solution?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Molar volume of an ideal gas at STP = 22.7 dm3mol−1
0.30×2×22.7
A. 24.31
0.30×22.7
B. 24.31
0.30×24.31
C. 22.7
0.30×22.7
D. 24.31×2

34. What is the sum of the coefficients when the equation is balanced with [1 mark]
whole numbers?
—C8 H18(g) + —O 2 (g) → —CO(g) + —H2O(l)
A. 26.5
B. 30
C. 53
D. 61

35. How many moles of oxygen atoms are there in 0.500 mol of hydrated [1 mark]
iron(II) ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2•6H2O(s)?
A. 4.00
B. 7.00
C. 8.00
D. 14.00

3
36. What is the maximum volume, in dm3, of CO2(g) produced when 1.00 g of [1 mark]
CaCO3(s) reacts with 20.0 cm 3 of 2.00 moldm–3 HCl(aq)?
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Molar volume of gas = 22.7 dm3mol–1; Mr(CaCO3) = 100.00
1 20.0×2.0
A. 2 × 1000
× 22.7
20.0×2.0
B. 1000
× 22.7
1.0
C. 100.00
× 22.7
1.0
D. 100.00
× 2 × 22.7

37. Which factors affect the molar volume of an ideal gas? [1 mark]
I. Pressure
II. Temperature
III. Empirical formula
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

38. Which equation represents sublimation? [1 mark]

A. 2Al(s)+3I2(g)→2AlI3(s)
B. HgCl2(s)→HgCl2(g)
C. I2(g)→I2(s)
D. CaCO3(s)+2HCl(aq)→CaCl2(aq)+CO 2(g)+H2O(l)

39. Which volume, in cm3, of 0.20 mol dm-3 NaOH (aq) is needed to neutralize[1 mark]
0.050 mol of H2S(g)?
H2S(g) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2S(aq) + 2H2O(l)
A. 0.25
B. 0.50
C. 250
D. 500
40. For which compound is the empirical formula the same as the molecular [1 mark]
formula?
Ar(H)=1; Ar(C)=12; Ar(O)=16

41. The complete combustion of 15.0cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon X [1 mark]

3 3
produces 60.0 cm of carbon dioxide gas and 75.0 cm of water vapour.
What is the molecular formula of X? (All volumes are measured at the same
temperature and pressure.)
A. C4H6
B. C4H8
C. C4H10
D. C6H10

42. In which mixture is NaOH the limiting reagent? [1 mark]

A. 0.20mol NaOH + 0.10mol H2SO4
B. 0.10mol NaOH + 0.10mol H2SO4
C. 0.20mol NaOH + 0.10mol HNO3
D. 0.10mol NaOH + 0.10mol HNO3

43. 5.0mol of Fe2O 3(s) and 6.0mol of CO(g) react according to the equation [1 mark]
below. What is the limiting reactant and how many moles of the excess
reactant remain unreacted?
Fe2O 3(s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
44. Why do gases deviate from the ideal gas law at high pressures? [1 mark]
A. Molecules have finite volume.
B. Cohesive forces increase the volume from the ideal.
C. Increasing pressure increases the temperature of the gas.
D. Collisions between molecules occur more frequently as pressure increases.

45. Combustion of ethanol takes place according to the following unbalanced [1 mark]
equation.
___ C2 H5 OH(l)+ ___ O2 (g) → ___ CO2 (g)+ ___ H2 O(l)
What is the mole ratio of ethanol to oxygen in the balanced equation?
A. 1:1
B. 2:1
C. 1:3
D. 2:7

46. Which sample contains the largest amount, in mol, of oxygen atoms? [1 mark]
A. 0.20 mol P2 O5
B. 0.30 mol O 3
C. 0.40 mol CH3 COOH
D. 0.80 mol H2 O

47. Which compound has the highest percentage of carbon by mass? [1 mark]
A. CH4
B. C2 H4
C. C4 H10
D. C6 H6

48. Which solution contains the biggest amount, in mol, of chloride ions? [1 mark]
A. 20 cm3 of 0.50 mol dm−3 NH4 Cl
B. 60 cm3 of 0.20 mol dm−3 MgCl2
C. 70 cm3 of 0.30 mol dm−3 NaCl
D. 100 cm3 of 0.30 mol dm−3 ClCH2 COOH
49. What is the total number of protons and electrons in one mole of [1 mark]
hydrogen gas?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 1.2 × 1024
D. 2.4 × 1024

50. A hydrocarbon contains 85.7 % carbon by mass. What is the empirical [1 mark]
formula of the hydrocarbon?
A. C2 H3
B. CH2
C. C2 H5
D. CH3

51. What is the sum of all coefficients for the combustion of one mole of [1 mark]
propane?
___ C3 H8 (g)+ ___ O2 (g) → ___ CO2 (g)+ ___ H2 O(l)
A. 8
B. 12
C. 13
D. 15

52. A gas with a molar mass (M ) of 44 g mol −1 occupies a volume of [1 mark]

2.00 × 103 cm3 at a pressure of 1.01 × 105 Pa and a temperature of 25 °C. Which
expression is correct for the calculation of the mass of the gas, in g?
(R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1 )
44×1.01×105×2.00×10−3
A. 8.31×298
44×1.01×105×2.00×103
B. 8.31×25
1.01×105×2.00×10−3
C. 44×8.31×298
44×1.01×105×2.00×103
D. 8.31×298

(NH ) Ni (SO ) ∙ 6H O
(NH4 )2 Ni (SO4 )2 ∙ 6H2 O is dissolved in water to give
53. 0.040 mol of [1 mark]
200 cm3 of aqueous solution. What is the concentration, in mol dm−3 , of
ammonium ions?
A. 0.00040
B. 0.0080
C. 0.20
D. 0.40

54. When sodium bromate(V), NaBrO 3 , is heated, it reacts according to the [1 mark]
equation below.

2NaBrO3 (s) → 2NaBr(s) + 3O2 (g)

What amount, in mol, of NaBrO 3 produces 2.4 dm 3 of oxygen gas, measured at
−1
room temperature and pressure? (Molar volume of gas = 24 dm 3 mol at room
temperature and pressure.)
A. 0.017
B. 0.067
C. 0.10
D. 0.15

55. Aluminium carbide reacts with water according to the equation below. [1 mark]
What is the sum of all the coefficients when the equation is balanced?
___ Al4 C3 (s)+ ___ H2 O(l) → ___ Al(OH)3 (s)+ ___ CH4 (g)
A. 13
B. 14
C. 19
D. 20

56. At which temperature, in K, assuming constant pressure, is the volume of [1 mark]

a fixed mass of gas at 127 °C doubled?
A. 200 K
B. 254 K
C. 400 K
D. 800 K

NH
57. How many atoms are present in 0.500 mol of NH3 ? [1 mark]
A. 1.20 × 1023
B. 3.01 × 1023
C. 6.02 × 1023
D. 1.20 × 1024

58. The structural formula of a dioxin is shown below. [1 mark]

What is its empirical formula?

A. C6 O
B. C6 H4 O
C. C6 H6 O
D. C12 H8 O2

59. 100.0 cm3 of a 0.50 mol dm−3 solution of BaCl2 is added to 50.0 cm3 of [1 mark]
a 0.10 mol dm −3 solution of Na2 SO 4 . A precipitate of BaSO 4 is formed according
to the equation below.

BaCl2 (aq) + Na2 SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl(aq)

What is the amount, in mol, of BaSO4 produced?
A. 0.0050
B. 0.010
C. 0.050
D. 0.10
60. Which volumes of gases at standard temperature and pressure have the [1 mark]
same mass as 100 cm3 of O 2 ?
I. 50 cm3 of SO2
II. 100 cm3 of CH4
III. 100 cm3 of SiH4
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

61. What is the mass, in g, of one mole of hydrated copper(II) sulfate, [1 mark]
CuSO4 ∙ 5H2 O, given the following relative atomic mass values?

A. 160
B. 178
C. 186
D. 250

62. For which compounds is the empirical formula the same as the molecular [1 mark]
formula?
I. Methane
II. Ethene
III. Ethanol
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

63. Some sodium chloride is dissolved in water. Which term describes the [1 mark]
role of sodium chloride in this process?
A. Solute
B. Solvent
C. Solution
D. Saturated
64. Which represents an empirical formula? [1 mark]
A. C2 H4
B. B2 H6
C. Al2 O3
D. C6 H6

65. What are the coefficients of H2 SO 4 (aq) and H3 PO 4 (aq) when the [1 mark]
following equation is balanced using the smallest possible whole numbers?
___ Ca3 (PO4 )2 (s)+ ___ H2 SO4 (aq) → ___ CaSO4 (s)+ ___ H3 PO4 (aq)

66. What is the pressure, in Pa, if 3 mol of gas occupies 500 cm3 at 25 °C? [1 mark]

Given: R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

10−3 m3 = 103 cm3
3×8.31×298
A. 500
3×8.31×25
B. 0.0005
3×8.31×25
C. 500
3×8.31×298
D. 0.0005

67. 7.102 g of Na2 SO 4 (M = 142.04 g mol −1 ) is dissolved in water to [1 mark]

prepare 0.5000 dm3 of solution. What is the concentration of Na2 SO 4 in
mol dm−3 ?
A. 2.500 × 10−2
B. 1.000 × 10−1
C. 1.000 × 10
D. 1.000 × 102
68. Which statements are correct about Avogadro’s constant? [1 mark]
I. It is the number of ions in 12 g of sodium hydride, NaH.
II. It is the number of molecules in 22.4 dm3 of hydrogen gas at 0 °C and 1 atm.
III. It is the number of atoms in 12 g of 12 C.

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

69. What is the molar mass, in g mol −1 , of a substance if 0.30 mol of the [1 mark]
substance has a mass of 18 g?
A. 5.4
B. 6.0
C. 30
D. 60

70. What is the whole number ratio of the coefficients of ammonia to oxygen [1 mark]
when the following equation is balanced correctly?
___NH3 (g)+ ___O 2 (g) → ___NO(g)+___H2 O(l)
A. 1:2
B. 2:1
C. 4:5
D. 5:4

71. When50 cm3 of a hydrocarbon, Cx Hy , was burned in excess oxygen, [1 mark]

200 cm3 of carbon dioxide and 250 cm3 of steam were produced (all volumes
were measured under the same conditions). What is the molecular formula of the
hydrocarbon?
A. C2 H4
B. C3 H8
C. C4 H8
D. C4 H10

3
72. What is the pressure, in Pa, in a 100 cm 3 container containing 1.8 g of [1 mark]
−1
steam at a temperature of 727 °C? (R = 8.31 J K −1 mol )
1.8×8.31×727
A. 18×100
18×100
B. 1.8×8.31×727
1.8×8.31×1000
C.
18×10−4
1.8×8.31
D.
1.8×10−4×1000

73. Which contains the largest number of ions? [1 mark]

A. 1 mol of Al2 (SO 4 )3
B. 1 mol of Mg3 (PO 4 )2
C. 2 mol of K 3 PO 4
D. 3 mol of NaNO 3

74. Which is the best description of relative atomic mass, Ar? [1 mark]
A. The number of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom
B. The average number of neutrons and protons in all isotopes of an element
C. The weighted mean mass of naturally occurring isotopes of an element
compared to the mass of an atom of carbon-12
D. The weighted mean mass of naturally occurring isotopes of an element
compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

75. What mass of carbon dioxide, CO2(g), in g, is produced when 5.0 g of [1 mark]
calcium carbonate, CaCO3(s),reacts completely with hydrochloric acid,
HCl(aq)?

CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2 O(l)+CO2 (g)

A. 0.050
B. 2.2
C. 4.4
D. 5.0

3 3
76. What volume of carbon dioxide, CO2(g), in dm 3, is produced when 1 dm3 [1 mark]
of octane, C8H18(g), undergoes complete combustion?

2C8 H18 (g) + 25O2 (g) → 16CO2 (g) + 18H2 O(g)

A. 1
B. 4
C. 8
D. 9

77. What is the number of ions in 0.20 mol of (NH4 )3 PO 4 ? [1 mark]

A. 8.0 × 10−1
B. 1.2 × 1023
C. 4.8 × 1023
D. 2.4 × 1024

78. What is the molar mass, in g mol −1 , of washing soda crystals, [1 mark]
Na2 CO3 ∙ 10H2 O?
A. 105.99
B. 124.00
C. 263.15
D. 286.19

79. The equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide is: [1 mark]

Fe2 O3 (s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO2 (g)

What mass of carbon dioxide, in g, is produced by the complete reduction of 80 g
of iron(III) oxide?
A. 44
B. 66
C. 88
D. 132

3 3
80. 3.0 dm3 of ethyne, C2 H2 , is mixed with 3.0 dm3 of hydrogen and ignited. [1 mark]
The equation for the reaction that occurs is shown below.

C2 H2 (g) + 2H2 (g) → C2 H6 (g)

Assuming the reaction goes to completion and all gas volumes are measured at
the same temperature and pressure, what volume of ethane, C2 H6 , in dm3 , is
formed?
A. 1.5
B. 2.0
C. 3.0
D. 6.0

81. What is the total number of atoms in 0.100 mol of [Pt(NH3 )2 Cl 2 ] ? [1 mark]
A. 11
B. 6.02 × 1022
C. 3.01 × 1023
D. 6.62 × 1023

82. Nitroglycerine, C3 H5 N3 O 9 , can be used in the manufacture of explosives. [1 mark]

What is the coefficient of C3 H5 N3 O 9 (l) when the equation for its decomposition
reaction is balanced using the lowest whole numbers?
___ C3 H5 N3 O9 (l) → ___ CO2 (g)+ ___ H2 O(l)+ ___ N2 (g)+ ___ O2 (g)
A. 2
B. 4
C. 20
D. 33

83. The volume occupied by one mole of an ideal gas at 273 K and [1 mark]
1.01 × 105 Pa is 22.4 dm3 . What volume, in dm3 , is occupied by 3.20 g
O2 (g) at 273 K and 1.01 × 105 Pa?
A. 2.24
B. 4.48
C. 22.4
D. 71.7

3
84. What volume, in m3 , is occupied by 2.00 mol of gas at 27 °C and 2.00 [1 mark]
atm pressure?
Assume: 1.00 atm = 1.01 × 105 Pa and R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1 .
8.31×27
A.
1.01×105
2.00×8.31×27
B.
1.01×105
2.00×8.31×300
C.
2.00×1.01×105
2.00×8.31×300
D.
1.01×105

85. Which statements about solutions are correct? [1 mark]

I. A solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.
II. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
III. Concentrations of solutions can be expressed in g dm−3 .
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

86. What is the sum of the coefficients when the following equation is [1 mark]
balanced using whole numbers?
___ Fe2 O3 (s)+ ___ CO(g) → ___ Fe(s)+ ___ CO2 (g)
A. 5
B. 6
C. 8
D. 9

87. 1.0 dm3 of an ideal gas at 100 kPa and 25 °C is heated to 50 °C at [1 mark]
constant pressure. What is the new volume in dm 3 ?
A. 0.50
B. 0.90
C. 1.1
D. 2.0

3
88. What is the amount, in moles, of sulfate ions in 100 cm3 of [1 mark]
0.020 mol dm−3 FeSO4 (aq)?
A. 2.0 × 10−3
B. 2.0 × 10−2
C. 2.0 × 10−1
D. 2.0

89. What is the sum of all coefficients when the following equation is [1 mark]
balanced using the smallest possible whole numbers?
__ C2 H2 + __ O2 → __ CO2 + __ H2 O
A. 5
B. 7
C. 11
D. 13

90. 1.7 g of NaNO 3 (Mr = 85) is dissolved in water to prepare 0.20 dm 3 of [1 mark]
solution. What is the concentration of the resulting solution in mol dm −3 ?
A. 0.01
B. 0.1
C. 0.2
D. 1.0

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