Rules of Flow Chart(HSC)

Prepared by -
Md. Hridoy Dewan
B.A.(Hons),M.A.(English)
Contact No: 01882-690924

Flow chart
1) A flow chart showing is given below.
2) Answers should be in Box. No box, no marks.
3) Subject/ Auxiliary verb/Modal verb/Adverbs
4) (.) । ।
5) এ ৷
6) ( ➡ ) এ । ।
7) (1.) ।
8) ।
9) । Structure ,
। phrase
structure এ ।
Some Structures of Flow Chart:
Rule 1. ( Verb + ing ) + Noun/Noun Phrase
Rule 2. To + Verb + Noun/Noun phrase
Rule 3. for + verb + ing + Noun/Noun Phrase
Rule 4. (Have, has, had) Having + Extension
Rule 5. (Am, is, are, was, were) Being + Extension
Rule 6. Past Participle (v3) + Object
Rule 7: By + ( Verb +ing) + Noun/Noun Phrase
Rule 8: Verb + others
Rule 9: Noun Phrase
Question Analysis
1. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the activities and achievements of
Nelson Mandela. (One is done for you).

Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy,
as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the
world.
Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela never lost
his resolve to fight for his people’s emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid
while avoiding a civil war.
His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world. “I hate race discrimination
most intensely and all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now,
and will do so until the end of my days,”
Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa’s first black president in 1994.
“The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide
us has come.” “We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation.”
In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk,
the white African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the
end of the apartheid.
Answer: A flow chart showing the activities and achievements of Nelson Mandela is given below.

1. Guided South Africa from the shackles of

apartheid to a multi-racial democracy
↓
2. Fought for justice around the world
↓
3. Imprisoned for nearly three decades
↓
4. Advocated for human dignity
↓
5. Awarded Nobel Peace Prize
↓
6. Elected as the first black president
Question. Make a flow chart showing the purposes of Nelson Mandela. (One is done for you).
Answer: A flow chart showing the purposes of Nelson Mandela is given below-

1. to establish multi-racial democracy

↓

.
↓

2. Read the following text and make a flowchart showing the situation of adolescent girls in
Bangladesh. (One is done for you)
In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage for girls is 18. However, 33% of our girls get married
before they are 15 and 60% of them become mothers by the time they reach 19. When an
adolescent girl gets married, she usually drops out of school and thus loses her mobility. She gets
confined to full-time work in her in-law’s household. She loses social status and all the
opportunities of economic independence.
In her in-law’s house, she gets marginalized. She becomes vulnerable to all sorts of abuse,
including dowry-related violence. In our country, it is still a common practice for the bride’s
family to pay dowry. Dowry demands can continue even after marriage. An adolescent bride,
even if her in-laws are supportive, faces enormous health risk during pregnancy and child birth.
Majority of our people are uninformed or insufficiently informed about contraception and
reproductive health. This leads to increased mortality rates among adolescent brides during
childbirth.

Answer: A flow chart showing the situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is given below-

1. Getting married early

2.Dropping out of school

↓
3. Losing mobility

↓
4. Getting marginalized

↓
5. Lacking information about health issues
↓

6. Facing risks in terms of pregnancy and child

birth

3. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the specialities of Gazi Pir. (One
is done for you)
According to some myths and legends, Gazi Pir was a Muslim saint who is said to have spread
Islam in the parts of Bengal close to the Sunderbans. He was credited with many miracles. For
example, he could supposedly calm dangerous animals and make them docile. He is usually
depicted in paats or scroll paintings riding a fierce-looking Bengal tiger, a snake in his hand,
but in no apparent danger. According to some stories, he also fought crocodiles who threatened
the people of a region full of canals and creeks, indeed, a kind of watery jungle bordering the
Bay of Bengal. Because of his alert and vigilant presence, all predatory animals were said to
have been kept within bounds. It was also believed that he enabled villagers to live close to
forests and jungles and cultivate their lands. Consequently, people of these regions would pray to
him for protection. The story of Gazi Pir has been preserved in folk literature as well as art and
has been performed in indigenous theatre. In fact, some Gazi’s paat scrolls are part of the
collection of the British Museum.
Answer: A flow chart showing the the specialities of Gazi Pir is given below-

1. Being credited with miracles

2.Calming dangerous animals

3. Riding a fierce-looking Bengal tiger

4. Holding snakes in his hand

5. Fighting Crocodiles
↓

6. Enabling villagers to live safety

4. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the functions of education. (One is done
for you)
Education gives us knowledge and a set of abilities to function meaningfully in life, such as the
ability to decide things rationally and make the right choices. As we learn how to read, write and
do the basic operations of arithmetic, we gain a degree of self-confidence. We learn to think for
ourselves and articulate our thoughts; we pick up skills to communicate with others and manage
our affairs well. Education helps us think independently and make our own opinions. As we
know more about the world, we appreciate the good things it offers us but also become critical of
the deviations from the values it imparts and the rise of hatred or conflict that follows.

The first thing education does is to give us an awareness about ourselves which leads to the
development of our personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong to the class and
make friends. We then expand our sense of belonging to include the school at large, our
community and finally our country. Education thus prepares every child to become an active
member of the community and work for its welfare.

Education, it is believed, releases our potentials and our inner strengths. It sharpens our intellect
and develops our creativity. As we are taught to reason well and find solutions to the problems of
life we become productive members of society. Education by definition is progressive and
liberal, teaching us to respect human diversity and cultural and religious differences. If all of us
practise these values in life, the world becomes a much happier place.

Education also fosters critical thinking and provides us a set of competencies including life skills
that enable us to become competitive even in the most challenging of circumstances. Education
also teaches us to appreciate beauty and the bounties of nature.

Answer: A flow chart showing the functions of education is given below:

1. Giving us knowledge and abilities to function
meaningfully
↓
2. Helping us to decide things rationally
↓
3. Providing self-confidence
↓
4. Giving skills to communicate with others
↓
5. Teaching to be critical of the deviations from the values
↓
6. Giving an awareness leading to the development of
personality
5. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the life style of Amerigo. (One is
done for you)
My name is Amerigo. I am 13 years old and I live on the street, alone. My mother, who is separated from
my father, doesn't want me. She told me to go away....Now she is married to another man. My father lives
very far away. I want to go to him, but he won't take me either. I begged him to send me some money so
that I could buy a bus ticket. I am still waiting. He hasn't answered.
The streets are now my home. Sometimes I find work, I used to collect trash and sell it to vendor. I
stopped doing that after I had a serious infection and a doctor told me to stay away from the trash dump.
Once I worked for an ice cream shop owner and sold ice cream on the beach. But I got no money in
return. The owner of the shop gave me something to eat, and let me sleep in his hunt at night. The work
was difficult and painful. The ice cream box is quite heavy when it is full. I had to walk for hours,
offering my ice cream to whoever wanted to buy. There were days when I could not even sell one ice
cream.
Answer: A flow chart showing the life style of Amerigo is given below:
1. Living on street
↓

6. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the importance of education. (one is done
for you)
Education aims to bring about positive changes in our behavior. It helps us try to change our lives as well
as the society we live in. Education that does not illuminate our minds or does not inspire us to work for
the community is not complete at all. Education is not all about getting grades or receiving certificates–
we use education to make life better. We are expected to apply the knowledge, skills and values that we
learn in a classroom in our engagement with the world that lies outside. And we can do so in many
different ways. Let's have a look at how education works. Learners' civic engagement is highly
appreciated all over the world. Civic engagement means working to make a difference in the civic life
(the public life of the citizens as contrasted with private or personal life) of the community using
knowledge, skills, values and motivation. Civic engagement promotes the quality of life in a community
by contributing to the improvement of health and wellbeing of the people. Civically engaged individuals
recognize themselves as members of a larger social community and are concerned about civic issues.
They consider themselves responsible citizens who take action or raise their voices against injustice,
discrimination and other forms of social ills.
Answer: A flow chart showing the importance of education is given below:

1.Brings about positive changes in behavior

↓

7. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing Sheikh Kamal’s cultural activities and
his foundations. (one is done for you
Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu Skeikh Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata Fazilatunnesa
Mujib, was born at Tungipara in Gopalganj district. He spent his childhood there. Kamal received his
secondary education at Dhaka's BAF Shaheen School from where he passed his SSC examination. He
was then admitted to Dhaka College, and after his HSC examination he became a student at the
department of Sociology of Dhaka University. Kamal had a colorful life marked by liveliness and
creativity. Besides his academic studies, he also pursued his passion for sports and cultural activities. He
was a first division basketball and cricket player as well as a sports organizer. He was also interested in
classical music, and became a student of Chhayanaut to learn Sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful
Mohammad. Apart from Sitar, Kamal had a passion for Piano. He had a good collection of musical
instruments on the second floor of their house at Dhanmondi, Road no. 32.
It is well known to his friends that Sheikh Kamal used to begin his day practising the Sitar and during the
day played basketball or football or cricket. In the evening he was often seen on stage rehearsing a play.
He took part in stage performance of Kabar written by prominent playwright Shaheed Munir Chowdhury.
Kamal was one of the founders of Dhaka Theatre. He was also a founder of Spondon Shilpi Gosthi - a
cultural organization. And who doesn't know that Sheikh Kamal was the founder of Abahoni Krira
Chokro that introduced modern football in our country?
Answer: A flow chart showing Sheikh Kamal’s cultural activities and his foundations is given below
1. Becoming a student of Chhayanaut
↓

↓
↓

8. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the benefits of meditation. (one is done
for you)
The act of thinking deeply and calmly about something in a state of heightened awareness is known as
meditation. It is an approach to train up the mind, similar to the way that fitness is an approach to training
the body. Voltaire explains, "Meditation is the dissolution of thoughts in eternal awareness or pure
consciousness without objectification, knowing without thinking, merging finitude in infinity."

From the ancient times, meditation has been a part of some religious traditions as a way of achieving the
body's release from worldly cares, and creating inner harmony.

Meditation in our time is practiced by people to reduce stress and tension, and improve focus. There are
trainers who help beginners with some exercises such as improved breathing and progressive relaxation.
One of the most common approaches to meditation is concentration.

To develop concentration one needs to focus on a single point. Since focusing the mind is challenging, a
beginner might meditate for only a few minutes and then work up to longer durations.
Meditation releases anxiety and brings a state of calmness. It increases the thinking ability of human brain
so that people have a better control of their emotions. Those who practice meditation can work tirelessly
for a longer period of time. Meditation helps improve blood circulation in the brain and other parts of the
body. Finally, meditation improves creativity, self-awareness and tolerance.
Answer: A flow chart showing the benefits of education is given below-
1. Releases anxiety
↓

9. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing different types of relationships and their
benefits. (one is done for you)
The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, 'Man is by nature a social animal.' What he meant was that
man, by instinct, seeks company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the
wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support unlike the animals, however, man's
relationships give meaning to his existence and inspire him to do well in education in workplace or in a
profession that he pursues. Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by
blood and by marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school
where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in
workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are' relationships also between
human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with.

All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us all kinds of support, love and affection.
A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with
him/her. When "we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and when we suffer a loss and
someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health.
To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is needed. We
cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But quite often we see
people quarrelling and fighting with each other which only brings misery and loss to all.

Answer: A flow chart showing different types of relationships and their benefits is given below:

1. With family members

↓

10. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the different characteristics of dreams. (
one is done for you)
Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been
subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling
over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all.
First, let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images,
thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very
vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable or unclear and
confusing.
Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed about
the reason and function of dreams, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a
dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling.
However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep
itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is
essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being.
Next, let's learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories.
Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams
are a representation of subconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud, people are
driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these
thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. In his famous
book The Interpretation of Dreams (1899), Freud wrote that dreams are "...disguised fulfillments of
repressed wishes."
Answer: A flow chart showing the different characteristics of dreams is given below:

1. Extraordinarily vivid
↓

↓
11. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the activities and achievements of Nishat
Mazumder. (No. 1 has been done for you.)
Nishat Mazumder, a Bangladeshi woman in her early forties, is a sports icon. She comes of a modest
background; her father is a businessman and her mother is a housewife. She is the second of four siblings.
She is not very tall or well built, or does not have a charming princess look; but this apparently ordinary
girl has three things that she can be proud of. These are: she has extraordinarily supportive parents who
accepted her dreams as real; her father was a freedom fighter in the Liberation War of Bangladesh in
1971, and she scaled the highest peak in the world as the first Bangladeshi girl in 2012. Nishat's life
presents an inspirational story that the youth in Bangladesh needs to know. Nishat was born on 5 January
1981 in a village called Teori, which is situated in Ramganj upazila in Lakshmipur District. She
completed her schooling from Bottomley Home Girls' High School in 1997, and passed HSC from Shahid
Anwar Girls' College in 1999. She earned her bachelor's and master's degrees in Accounting from Dhaka
City College, and currently works for Dhaka WASA as an accountant. She is also interested in different
languages and cultures of the world, and has enrolled for her MA in Japan Studies at Dhaka University. 1.
Becoming a sports icon
Answer: A flow chart showing the activities and achievements of Nishat Mazumder is given below-

1.Becoming a sports icon

↓