L10 AarialPhotography

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
 Aerial Photography is the science of obtaining
photographs from air using various platforms,
mostly aircrafts for studying the surface of earth.

 It is one of the most common, versatile and

economical forms of remote sensing.
 Remote sensing can be broadly defined as the

collection or information about an object or physical
phenomenon without being in physical contact with
that object.
HISTORY OF AERIAL
PHOTOGRAPHY
 The word “aerial” originated in early 17th century from Latin aerius
, from Greek aerios , from air
 The term "photography" is derived from two Greek words meaning

"light" ( phos ) and "writing“ (graphien).
 Aerial photography dates to mid 1800, wherein the first

photographs were taken using balloons and kites.
 In 1858, Gasper Felix “ Nadar " took the first aerial photograph
from a balloon from an altitude of 1,200 feet over Paris.
TYPES OF
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Aerial photographs are of two types.
 Vertical
 Oblique
VERTICAL PHOTOGRAPHS
 These are taken with the camera axis pointing
vertically downward
 Vertical photographs can be truly vertical, or

slightly tilted (less than 3o from the vertical).
 Most aerial photos are tilted to some degree.

Therefore, the use of the term vertical
photographs assumes truly vertical photographs,
while in reality they might be tilted up to 3o.
COMPONENTS OF
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
 Field of view – angular dimension covered by the

photograph
 Altitude - Height at which image was collected

 FOV and Altitude determine → ground coverage of
the photograph
 Principal Point - Center of the photograph, the

point in the image below the position of the camera
CHARACTERISTICS OF
VERTICAL PHOTOGRAPHS
 Uniform scale throughout the photo, so, making
measurements (e.g., distances and directions) is easier
and more accurate.
 The determination of directions can be performed in the
same manner as a map.
 Easier to interpret than oblique photographs as tall
objects (e.g., buildings, trees, hills, etc.) will not mask
other objects as in oblique photos.
 Simple to use photogrammetrically as a minimum of
mathematical correction is required.
 To some extent and under certain conditions (e.g., flat
terrain), it may be used as a map if a coordinate grid
system and legend information are added.
OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHS
 These are taken with the camera axis tilt with an

angle between 3o and 90o from the vertical.
 These are of two types.
 Low oblique (if the horizon is not visible)
 High oblique (if the horizon is visible)
CHARACTERISTICS OF OBLIQUE
PHOTOGRAPHS
 A more natural view because we are accustomed to seeing
the ground features obliquely.
 Covers much more ground area than a vertical photo taken
from the same altitude.
 Determination of feature elevations is more accurate using
oblique photograph than vertical aerial photographs.
 Tall objects such as bridges, buildings, towers, trees will be
more recognizable due to their shadows.
 Objects that are under trees or under other tall objects are
usually visible on oblique photos.
 Objects, such as cliffs, caves, etc. may not show on a vertical
photograph if they are directly beneath the camera.
HIGH
OBLIQUE
LOW OBLIQUE
HIGH
OBLIQUE
LOW OBLIQUE
APPLICATIONS OF
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
 Reconnaissance surveys of roads, railways, towns etc.
 Suitable for the assessment of prohibited areas and
inaccessible regions
 Topographic surveying
 Urban and/or industrial development
 Study of Archaeological sites and areas
 Forestry and geology
 Show how the physical and cultural features of a place
have changed over time
APPLICATIONS OF
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
 Flood planning can be based on the aerial surveys
made at suitable intervals of time.
 Capacity of reservoir can be studied in a short time.
 Excessive damages due to earthquakes can be

quickly estimated from aerial photos.
 For large scale engineering & development projects,

preliminary surveys can be undertaken to a large
extent from the aerial photos.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
 The science of making accurate measurements by means
of aerial photography
 Until the early 1970s, photogrammetry represented the
key method used for the analysis of aerial photographs in
order to generate maps – e.g., it was the foundation for
cartography
 Two types of photogrammetry – Analog and Digital
 Analogue photogrammetry
Visual interpretation using hard copy (photographs or
transparencies)
 Digital or analytical photogrammetry
Computer analysis on digitized photography

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AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

 It is one of the most common, versatile and

 Remote sensing can be broadly defined as the

 The term "photography" is derived from two Greek words meaning

 Aerial photography dates to mid 1800, wherein the first

Aerial photographs are of two types.

 Vertical photographs can be truly vertical, or

 Most aerial photos are tilted to some degree.

 Field of view – angular dimension covered by the

 Altitude - Height at which image was collected

 Principal Point - Center of the photograph, the

 These are taken with the camera axis tilt with an

 Capacity of reservoir can be studied in a short time.

 Excessive damages due to earthquakes can be

 For large scale engineering & development projects,

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