Class 11 Chemistry Investigatory Project: Water Quality Assessment
1. Title Page
Project Title: Water Quality Assessment
Submitted by: [Your Name, Class, Roll Number]
School Name: [Your School's Name]
Teacher's Name: [Your Teacher's Name]
2. Acknowledgment
Express gratitude to your Chemistry teacher, school laboratory assistants, and anyone else who
guided you throughout the project.
3. Certificate
Include a certificate section signed by the Chemistry teacher or school administration to validate
your work on this project.
4. Objective
To analyze the quality of water from different sources by testing various parameters, such as pH,
hardness, dissolved oxygen, presence of heavy metals, and impurities, to determine its safety for
consumption.
5. Introduction
Discuss the importance of water quality in human health, agriculture, and ecosystems. Introduce
different types of water contaminants (physical, chemical, and biological) and their impact on health
and the environment.
- Types of Water Contaminants:
- Physical Contaminants: Suspended solids, color, and turbidity.
- Chemical Contaminants: Heavy metals, pesticides, nitrates, etc.
- Biological Contaminants: Bacteria, viruses, algae, and protozoa.
6. Theory
- pH Levels: Explain the importance of the pH scale in water and the ideal range for drinking water
(6.5 to 8.5).
- Hardness: Discuss hardness caused by calcium and magnesium ions, and its effects.
- Dissolved Oxygen (DO): Explain DO's importance for aquatic life and its role in water quality.
- Other Factors: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), electrical conductivity, and turbidity.
7. Materials Required
- Chemicals: pH indicator paper or pH meter, EDTA solution for hardness testing, oxygen meter or
Winkler's reagent, etc.
- Equipment: Beakers, pipettes, burettes, measuring cylinder, test tubes, thermometer, and sample
collection bottles.
- Safety Gear: Gloves, goggles, lab coat, and a mask.
8. Procedure
- pH Testing: Use pH paper or a digital pH meter to measure water samples from different sources.
- Hardness Testing: Titrate the water sample with EDTA solution using Eriochrome Black T as an
indicator and record the volume of EDTA used to calculate hardness.
- Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Testing: Use Winkler's method or an oxygen meter.
- TDS and Conductivity Testing: Use a TDS meter and conductivity meter to measure.
- Observation of Physical Parameters: Note color, smell, and turbidity visually.
9. Observations and Data Collection
Create tables to record data from various water sources with columns for pH, hardness, DO, TDS,
and turbidity.
Sample Observations Table:
| Parameter | Sample 1 (Source) | Sample 2 (Source) | Sample 3 (Source) |
|------------------------|-------------------|-------------------|-------------------|
| pH | | | |
| Hardness (ppm) | | | |
| Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)| | | |
| TDS (ppm) | | | |
| Turbidity (NTU) | | | |
10. Calculations
- pH: No calculations are necessary if a pH meter is used.
- Hardness: Calculate the concentration based on the titration volume and molarity.
- DO: Use Winkler's method formula for dissolved oxygen if applicable.
- TDS: Reading directly from the TDS meter in mg/L.
11. Results and Discussion
- Interpret Results: Explain whether the pH, hardness, DO, and TDS levels meet the acceptable
standards for drinking water. Comment on turbidity and any observable impurities.
- Conclusion on Water Safety: Discuss whether each sample is suitable for drinking and highlight
any significant pollutants.
- Error Analysis: Mention potential sources of error in measurements or environmental factors
affecting results.
12. Conclusion
Summarize the findings on water quality, identify the most concerning pollutants in each sample,
and discuss the potential health risks if any contaminants were present at high levels.
13. Bibliography
List sources such as textbooks, scientific articles, online resources, and laboratory manuals used to
understand water testing methods.
