1. Which of the following best defines biodiversity?

A. The total number of species in an ecosystem

B. The genetic variation within a species
C. The variety of ecosystems on Earth
D. The interactions between organisms in a community
2. The three main components of biodiversity are:
A. Species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity
B. Animal diversity, plant diversity, and microbial diversity
C. Kingdom diversity, phylum diversity, and class diversity
D. Primary producers, consumers, and decomposers

3. Carrying capacity refers to:

A. The maximum population size an ecosystem can support
B. The number of individuals in a population at a given time
C. The rate at which a population is growing
D. The availability of resources in an ecosystem

4. Which of the following is an example of exponential population growth?

A. Logistic growth
B. S-shaped growth curve
C. J-shaped growth curve
D. Carrying capacity

5. The classification of living things is based on:

A. Their habitat preferences
B. Their evolutionary relationships
C. Their size and shape
D. Their geographical distribution

6. The system of naming species using two Latin words is called:

A. Taxonomy
B. Classification
C. Binomial nomenclature
D. Genus-species naming
7. Which of the following is the correct format for writing a scientific name using binomial
nomenclature?
A. Genus species
B. Species genus
C. Family genus
D. Kingdom phylum
8. The six kingdoms of life are:
A. Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
B. Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Monera, Bacteria
C. Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Monera, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
D. Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Monera, Protista, Archaea
9. The animal kingdom is classified into how many phyla?
A. 5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11
10. Which of the following is NOT one of the nine phyla of the animal kingdom?
A. Chordata
B. Arthropoda
C. Cnidaria
D. Mycota

11. Which of the following describes a mutualistic ecological relationship?

A. One organism benefits while the other is harmed
B. Both organisms benefit from the relationship
C. One organism benefits while the other is unaffected
D. One organism preys upon the other

12. In a food chain, which of the following is usually the primary producer?
A. Herbivore
B. Carnivore
C. Omnivore
D. Autotroph

13. A food web represents:

A. The flow of energy and nutrients in an ecosystem
B. A single pathway of energy transfer between organisms
C. The hierarchical structure of a food chain
D. The relationships between predators and prey

14. The CHON cycle refers to the cycling of which elements?

A. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
B. Calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
C. Carbon, helium, oxygen, neon
D. Calcium, helium, oxygen, neon

15. How do human activities impact the ecosystem?

A. By increasing biodiversity
B. By reducing pollution levels
C. By decreasing the use of natural resources
D. By causing habitat destruction and pollution
16. Which of the following best describes biodiversity?
A. The total number of species in an ecosystem
B. The genetic variation within a species
C. The variety of ecosystems on Earth
D. The interactions between organisms in a community
Answer: C
Explanation: Biodiversity refers to the variety of ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity within a
region or on Earth as a whole.

17. What is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?

A. The maximum population size an ecosystem can support
B. The number of individuals in a population at a given time
C. The rate at which a population is growing
D. The availability of resources in an ecosystem
Answer: A
Explanation: Carrying capacity refers to the maximum population size that an ecosystem can sustainably
support based on available resources and environmental conditions.

18. Which of the following is an example of exponential population growth?

A. Logistic growth
B. S-shaped growth curve
C. J-shaped growth curve
D. Carrying capacity
Answer: C
Explanation: Exponential population growth is represented by a J-shaped growth curve, where the
population increases at an accelerating rate without any limiting factors.

19. The classification of living things is based on:

A. Their habitat preferences
B. Their evolutionary relationships
C. Their size and shape
D. Their geographical distribution
Answer: B
Explanation: The classification of living things is primarily based on their evolutionary relationships,
which considers genetic similarities and shared ancestry.

20. What is binomial nomenclature used for?

A. Classifying organisms based on their habitat
B. Naming organisms using two Latin words
C. Assigning common names to species
D. Categorizing organisms into different kingdoms
Answer: B
Explanation: Binomial nomenclature is a naming system used to give each species a unique scientific
name consisting of two Latin words: the genus and species names.
21. Which of the following kingdoms of life includes organisms that can perform photosynthesis?
A. Animalia
B. Plantae
C. Fungi
D. Protista
Answer: B
Explanation: Organisms in the Plantae kingdom are capable of performing photosynthesis, converting
sunlight into energy and producing oxygen.

22. How many phyla are there in the animal kingdom?

A. 5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11
Answer: C
Explanation: The animal kingdom is classified into nine major phyla, which represent the highest level of
organization within the kingdom.

23. Which of the following describes a mutualistic ecological relationship?

A. One organism benefits while the other is harmed
B. Both organisms benefit from the relationship
C. One organism benefits while the other is unaffected
D. One organism preys upon the other
Answer: B
Explanation: In a mutualistic ecological relationship, both organisms benefit from the interaction, such
as in the case of pollination between flowers and bees.

24. In a food chain, what is usually the primary producer?

A. Herbivore
B. Carnivore
C. Omnivore
D. Autotroph
Answer: D
Explanation: The primary producer in a food chain is typically an autotroph, such as a plant, that
produces its own food through photosynthesis.

25. Which of the following is an example of a biogeochemical cycle?

A. Water cycle
B. Food chain
C. Ecological pyramid
D. Trophic cascade
Answer: A
Explanation: The water cycle is an example of a biogeochemical cycle as it involves the movement of
water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans.
26. How do human activities impact ecosystems?
A. By increasing biodiversity
B. By reducing pollution levels
C. By decreasing the use of natural resources
D. By causing habitat destruction and pollution
Answer: D
Explanation: Human activities can have negative impacts on ecosystems, including habitat destruction,
pollution, and the loss of biodiversity.

27. Which of the following is an advantage of high biodiversity in maintaining the stability of an
ecosystem?
A. Increased competition for resources
B. Decreased resilience to environmental changes
C. Enhanced ecosystem services and productivity
D. Lower species interdependence
Answer: C
Explanation: High biodiversity in an ecosystem leads to enhanced ecosystem services, such as nutrient
cycling, pollination, and pest control, and can contribute to the overall stability and productivity of the
ecosystem.

28. Which of the following is an example of a decomposer in an ecosystem?

A. Hawk
B. Grasshopper
C. Earthworm
D. Sunflower
Answer: C
Explanation: Earthworms are decomposers that break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients
back into the ecosystem.

29. Which of the following represents a correct sequence of energy flow in a food chain?
A. Producers → Consumers → Decomposers
B. Decomposers → Producers → Consumers
C. Consumers → Producers → Decomposers
D. Producers → Decomposers → Consumers
Answer: A
Explanation: Energy flows from producers (plants) to consumers (herbivores, carnivores, etc.) and
eventually to decomposers (bacteria, fungi) in a food chain.

30. What is the major component of most living organisms?

A. Carbon
B. Hydrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Nitrogen
Answer: A
Explanation: Carbon is the major component of most living organisms and is essential for the formation
of organic molecules.
31. How does the carbon cycle contribute to the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
A. Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis.
B. Carbon dioxide is absorbed during respiration.
C. Carbon dioxide is released during combustion.
D. Carbon dioxide is absorbed during decomposition.
Answer: D
Explanation: During decomposition, carbon dioxide is released from organic matter and returned to the
atmosphere, helping maintain the balance of carbon dioxide levels.

32. Which of the following is a human activity that negatively impacts the carbon cycle?
A. Planting trees in deforested areas
B. Burning fossil fuels
C. Recycling plastic waste
D. Promoting sustainable agriculture
Answer: B
Explanation: Burning fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,
contributing to the greenhouse effect and climate change.

33. What is the primary reason for the loss of biodiversity due to human activities?
A. Pollution
B. Habitat destruction
C. Climate change
D. Invasive species
Answer: B
Explanation: Habitat destruction, such as deforestation and urbanization, is a primary cause of
biodiversity loss as it directly removes or degrades the habitats that support diverse species.

34. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?

A. Earthworm
B. Mouse
C. Sea otter
D. Sparrow
Answer: C
Explanation: Sea otters are considered keystone species because their presence has a significant impact
on the structure and functioning of their ecosystems, particularly in kelp forest habitats.

35. What is the advantage of high biodiversity in an ecosystem?

A. Decreased stability and resilience
B. Increased vulnerability to disease outbreaks
C. Enhanced ecosystem resilience and adaptability
D. Decreased availability of ecosystem services
Answer: C
Explanation: High biodiversity contributes to increased ecosystem resilience and adaptability, allowing
ecosystems to better withstand environmental changes and disturbances.