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    THP Grade 9 SS Geography T4

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    Ivy mapiye

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    THP Grade 9 SS Geography T4

    Uploaded by

    Ivy mapiye
    13 views7 pages

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    13 views7 pages

    THP Grade 9 SS Geography T4

    Uploaded by

    Ivy mapiye

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 7

    Directorate: Curriculum GET

    Quality
    learning
    @ home

    GET Term 4 Take Home Package


    Social Sciences: Geography
    Grade 9
    LEARNER TASK 1 – TERM 4

    4.1 USE THE INFORMATION ON PAGE 3 TO 6 AND YOUR TEXTBOOK TO COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING
    TASK IN YOUR WORKBOOK.

    4.1.1 Define the term weathering.


    4.1.2 Distinguish between weathering and erosion.
    4.1.3 Give ONE similarity between weathering and erosion
    4.1.4 Name and explain the three main types of weathering.
    4.1.5 Study the diagram below that illustrates the process of frost/ice wedging. Add lables and
    descriptions to A, B and C of the diagram to describe the process of frost/ice wedging.

    A B C

    4.1.6 Copy the


    table below in your
    workbook. Complete and fill in the missing information.
    Type of weathering: Examples of type of weathering Explanation of how the process
    process: works:
    Abrasion
    Oxidation
    Root wedging

    4.1.7 Study the diagram that illustrates the process of exfoliation and answer the questions.

    (a) What type of weathering is the exfoliation process?


    (b) Explain what happens to the outer surface area of the rock in A and B.
    (c) Describe and explain what is busy happening with the surface of the rock in C.
    (d) What happens to the circumference of the rock in D?
    LESSON 2: SURFACE FORCES THAT SHAPE THE EARTH
    Study this topic keeping the following questions in mind!

    What is the difference between weathering, erosion and deposition? (Definitions of


    concepts)

    Weathering
    Weathering is the breaking up of rock into
    smaller pieces. During the weathering
    process, the smaller pieces of rock are not
    moved away from the larger landscape.

    Erosion
    Erosion is the process in which these
    rocks are moved. This causes the rock to
    break up while it is moving along the
    earth's surface. While the rock pieces
    or material move, the surface of these
    pieces becomes smaller.

    Deposition
    Is putting down or dropping of the
    smaller rock pieces and material in one
    place. Deposited materials make new
    landforms
    The difference between weathering, erosion and
    deposition

    ACTIVITY:

    1) Name the three processes that are responsible for the breaking down,
    transporting and depositing broken rock
    particles.
    2) What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
    3) Define the concept deposition.
    The impact of humans on soil erosion:

    What is the human contributions to erosion through agriculture,


    construction and mining?
    Agriculture Construction Mining
    ▪ When crops are grown, land ▪ Construction is the building of ▪ Mining methods can cause the
    is cleared of its natural cover infrastructure such as houses, removal of millions of tons of topsoil.
    of vegetation. The land is factories, roads, railways, bridges ▪ Exposed surfaces due to strip mining
    then ploughed and seeds or and harbours. During construction encourage wind erosion.
    plants are planted. There is natural vegetation is removed ▪ Mine dumps that are not
    no cover to slow the speed and the soil is left exposed to immediately “rehabilitated” with
    of wind. After harvesting the rainfall and wind. grass, are subjected to wind and
    process starts again. ▪ Compacting of the ground water erosion.
    ▪ The land is left without hastens surface run-off. ▪ Wind and rainfall erode the soil on
    cover for some time during ▪ Methods to prevent soil erosion: the sides of the mines and blows
    this process. Rain and wind o Secure slopes with gabions or away loose soil off the mine dumps.
    can erode the topsoil. Wind reinforced walls. Rehabilitation:
    can blow loose uncovered o Brick paving and stones can When a mine is closed down, the
    be laid over surfaces. environment must be returned to its
    o Planting of vegetation such natural state by the mining company.
    as trees and shrubs. The holes need to be filled and the mine
    dumps shaped. This allows vegetation
    to grow on the mine dumps. The plants’
    roots can prevent the soil from being
    moved by wind and rainfall.

    soil away. Poor farming


    methods increase soil
    erosion.
    ▪ Farming with animals, or
    livestock, can be bad for the
    soil. Grazing animals
    compacts the ground and
    destroys natural vegetation.

    Rehabilitate: To return to its former state, to be made


    like it was before.

    Gabions: Wire basket with rocks

    Activity:
    1) In which way can stock farming cause soil erosion?
    2) Suggest TWO ways in which humans can slow down or prevent erosion caused by the
    construction industry.
    3) In a paragraph of approximately 6 lines, explain how mining methods contribute to soil erosion.
    Case study: Agriculture as a contributor to erosion
    Soil erosion in Ngqushwa Local Municipality, Eastern Cape
    Adapted from: Our World, Our Society

    An ongoing case of soil erosion is being done in the Ngqushwa Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape.
    The study is looking at the problem of gully erosion. The study has found that:
    • Gully erosion (caused by removal of vegetation cover such as grass) happens when the slope of
    the land is steeper than a 5º angle slope;
    • The land close to a gully cannot be farmed and therefore the land is not used;
    • Gully erosion happens more on community owned land than privately owned land;
    • Poor farming control such as overgrazing causes loss of vegetation cover.
    Some of the farmers, but not all, in the area are subsistence farmers. [ farmers who farm to
    produce food for their families or community, not to sell produce on open markets] The soil
    erosion in the area has affected local farmers and communities in the following ways:
    • The eroded land cannot be used for growing crops as there is no fertile soil left.
    • The eroded land will have no vegetation for the grazing of animals.
    • People have to move further away to find suitable land to farm and grow crops.
    • Less food can be produced in the region, so people have less to eat.
    • Less food is produced to sell to make money and buy other products, which lead to
    poverty.
    • The gullies cause more flooding in the rainy season and further erosion will occur.
    Positive results emerging:
    ❖ Farmers are educated about better farming methods that will lessen erosion;
    ❖ The government, NGO’s and universities are working together to look at ways of
    preventing and rehabilitating eroded area;
    ❖ Employment is created as people are employed to repair damage and by constructing
    gabions.
    How can this erosion be reduced or stopped?

    • Not let too many animals feed in the same place too long.
    • Have areas where grazing does not take place for longer periods so that the vegetation, such as
    grass, can grow.
    • Fence off, or have herders to make sure animals do not feed in areas where the grass is in a poor
    condition.
    • Do not let animals graze for too long on steeper slopes.

    Methods that will help to control soil erosion:

    • Fill up gullies with stones.


    • Plant vegetation in the gullies.
    • Do not let animals graze in the areas until the vegetation has recovered.

    Activity:
    Study the information provided and answer the questions below in your workbook:

    1) Gully erosion happens when the slope of the land is steeper than a 5º angle slope. What causes this
    type of erosion?
    2) Give an example of poor farming control that causes loss of vegetation.
    3) Define the concept subsistence farmers.
    4) Name TWO ways in which soil erosion in the area has affected local farmers and communities.
    5) Provide an example of a positive result that is emerging through studies conducted.
    6) Explain TWO methods that will help to control soil erosion.
    7) In a paragraph of approximately 6 lines explain how gully erosion can be reduced or stopped.

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