Theories in Criminology: Pravni Fakultet Univerziteta U Beogradu, Edicija Crimen, Vol. 12, Beograd, 2009. pp.558
Theories in Criminology: Pravni Fakultet Univerziteta U Beogradu, Edicija Crimen, Vol. 12, Beograd, 2009. pp.558
Theories in Criminology: Pravni Fakultet Univerziteta U Beogradu, Edicija Crimen, Vol. 12, Beograd, 2009. pp.558
THEORIES IN CRIMINOLOGY
Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Edicija Crimen, vol. 12, Beograd, 2009. pp.558
SUMMARY
In this monograph, the author applied his concept of criminology as the science dealing with
criminal phenomenon, i.e., the crime, the perpetrator and the victim of crime, criminality, as well as
the way in which a society reacts to criminal behaviour. That is the reason why he divided all theories
in criminology into two groups. First, there are theories in criminology in stricto sensu (classical,
positivistic, theories of social reaction and new criminological theories). In the other group, there are
theories in victimology and penology, conceived (comprehended) as the criminological disciplines
(along with the criminology in stricto sensu, they constitute criminology in a broader sense).
The author sought to place each of the listed theories into their historic context and to explain the
ideas and perception in criminal law, sociology and philosophy which have had an influence on the
occurrence and development of criminology theories. The special attention is paid to the analysis of
their applicability in crime control policy and consequences which their implementation has brought
about mainly in the work of formal social control bodies. The special attention in the monograph is
paid to the impact which theoretical schools in criminology have had on present explanation of crime
and reactions to such behaviour.
The second part of the book consists of fifty – seven (fifty – eight precisely) texts translated
mainly from English (as well as French and Italian). As far as the author is concerned, it is the greatest
collection of translated texts which has been published so far (with the exception of the edition
Trattato di criminologia ... composed of sixteen books edited by professor Franco Ferracuti during
1980s). Thereby the rich heritage of theoretical criminology has been made available to readers who
speak South-Slavic languages, with the intention to strengthen the development of this science in the
Western Balkans thus.
CONTENTS
Preface ........................................................................................................ 11
PART I.
DEVELOPMENT OF THEORIES IN CRIMINOLOGY
Foreword ..................................................................................................... 15
1. Division of theories: period before criminology............................................ 17
1.1. The legacy of Ancient Times and the Middle Ages................................ 18
2. Classical orientation in criminology ............................................................ 20
2.1. Founders and the most important representatives ................................ 20
2.1.1. Beccaria..................................................................................... 20
2.1.2. Bentham ..................................................................................... 22
2.1.3. Feuerbach and predecessors ....................................................... 24
2.1.4. Carrara...................................................................................... 25
2.2. Strengths and criticism ...................................................................... 25
2.3. Contemporary Neoclassicism ............................................................. 26
2.4. Right realism..................................................................................... 28
3. Positivistic orientation in criminology ......................................................... 30
3.1. Cartographs...................................................................................... 31
3.2. Anthropological, Italian school .......................................................... 32
3.2.1. Precursors: Physiognomy and phrenology ..................................... 32
3.2.2. Lombroso.................................................................................... 33
3.2.3. Garofalo ..................................................................................... 35
3.2.4. Ferri........................................................................................... 35
3.3. Biological conceptions....................................................................... 37
3.3.1. Crime and body constitution ........................................................ 37
3.3.2. The impact of the genetic factors.................................................. 39
3.3.2.1. Families and criminal heredity.......................................... 40
3.3.2.2. Twins and adoption studies ............................................... 43
3.3.2.3. Chromosomal abnormality ............................................... 44
3.3.3. General review of biological conceptions; explanations of
aggressiveness .................................................................................. 44
3.4. Psychological conceptions ................................................................. 47
3.4.1. Psychoanalytical explanations ..................................................... 47
3.4.2. Theories of intelligence ............................................................... 50
3.4.3. Eysenck’s personality theory ....................................................... 52
3.4.4. Psychopathy and crime ............................................................... 55
3.4.5. Evaluation of psychological theories ............................................ 57
3.5. Sociological conceptions.................................................................... 57
3.5.1. School of social environment ....................................................... 57
3.5.1.1. Tarde............................................................................... 58
3.5.1.2. Durkheim......................................................................... 59
3.5.2. Sociological school; Von Liszt ..................................................... 60
3.5.2.1. Aschaffenburg.................................................................. 61
3.5.3. Theory of historical materialism .................................................. 62
3.5.3.1. Utopian socialists............................................................. 62
3.5.3.2. Founders of the theory...................................................... 63
3.5.3.3. The influence in criminology; Bonger ................................ 64
3.5.4. Chicago school and successors .................................................... 67
3.5.4.1. General overview on early American sociological
theories ........................................................................... 67
3.5.4.2. Crime ecology.................................................................. 69
3.5.4.3. Learning theories ............................................................. 72
3.5.4.4. Cultural conflict theories .................................................. 80
3.5.4.5. Strain theories ................................................................. 84
3.5.4.6. Control theories ............................................................... 88
4. Theories of social reaction ......................................................................... 92
4.1. New social defense ............................................................................ 92
4.2. Interactionism and the theory of labeling ............................................ 93
4.3. Radical criminology .......................................................................... 97
4.3.1. „Early works“ ............................................................................ 97
4.3.2. Critical criminology today........................................................... 101
4.3.3. Orientations within critical criminology ....................................... 104
4.4. Feminist approach............................................................................. 110
4.4.1. „Early stage“ ............................................................................. 110
4.4.2. Contemporary feminism: the main orientations............................. 113
5. New criminological theories ...................................................................... 115
5.1. Rational choice theories..................................................................... 116
5.2. New environmental theories ............................................................... 118
5.3. Cultural criminology theories............................................................. 121
5.4. Masculinity theories .......................................................................... 125
5.5. Reintegrative shaming and communitarian theories............................. 128
5.6. Life course theories ........................................................................... 132
5.7. Integrated theories ............................................................................ 134
5.8. Triangulation of theories ................................................................... 137
6. Theories in criminology in a broader sense ................................................. 139
6.1. Victimological theories ...................................................................... 139
6.2. Penological theories .......................................................................... 143
References................................................................................................... 147
PART II.
SELECTED READINGS
1. Beccaria C.: On Crimes and Punishment.................................................. 151
2. Bentham J.: Introduction to principles of Moral and Legislation................ 159
3. Quételet A.: On the Development and Propensity of Crime ....................... 163
4. Lombroso C.: Crime – Its Causes and Remedies....................................... 167
5. Lombroso C. and Ferrero W: The Criminal Type in Women....................... 173
6. Garofalo R.: Natural Crime ..................................................................... 177
7. Ferri E.: Causes of Criminal Behavior ..................................................... 182
8. Dugdale R.: The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism and Heredity ........... 187
9. Glueck S. and Glueck E. /1950/: Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency /
Working Mothers and Delinquency .......................................................... 194
10. Goddard H.: Feeble-mindedness.............................................................. 201
11. Eysenck H.: Personality Theory and the Problem of Criminality ............... 208
12. Tarde G.: Penal Philosophy .................................................................... 221
13. Durkheim E.: Discussion about Crime ..................................................... 233
14. Bonger W.: Criminality and Economic Conditions ................................... 237
15. Shaw C. and McKay H.: Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas .............. 244
16. Sellin T.: Culture Conflict and Crime ...................................................... 247
17. Cohen A.: Delinquent Subculture ............................................................ 252
18. Wolfgang M. and Ferracuti F.: The Subculture of Violence........................ 260
19. Wolfgang M., Sellin T. and Figlio R.: Delinquency in a Birth Cohort ........ 269
20. Sutherland E.: Differential Association .................................................... 277
21. Merton R.: Social Structure and Anomie .................................................. 280
22. Cloward R. and Ohlin L.: Delinquency and Opportunity ........................... 286
23. Sykes G. and Matza D.: Techniques of Neutralization............................... 294
24. Reckless W.: A New Theory of Delinquency and Crime ............................ 300
25. Hirshi T.: Control Theory of Delinquency ................................................ 303
26. Gramatica F.: Principles of Social Defence .............................................. 312
27. Ancel M.: Social Defence ....................................................................... 318
28. Becker H.: Outsiders .............................................................................. 323
29. Lemert E.: Primary and Secondary Deviation .......................................... 330
30. Wheeler, S. Cottrell L. and Romasco A.: The Labeling Process................. 333
31. Chapman D.: Stereotype of the Criminal .................................................. 336
32. Katz J.: Seduction of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions in Doing Evil . 339
33. Taylor I., Walton P. and Young J.: The New Criminology ......................... 345
34. Chambliss J. W.: Political Economy of Crime .......................................... 353
35. Hulsman L.: Critical Criminology and the Concept of Crime..................... 359
36. Taylor I.: Crime in Context: A Critical Criminology of Market Societies .... 363
37. Pepinsky H.: Peacemaking Criminology .................................................. 367
38. Klein D.: The Etiology of Female Crime .................................................. 372
39. Wilson J. and Herrnstein R.: Crime as Choice .......................................... 388
40. Cohen L. and Felson M.: A Routine Activity Approach.............................. 397
41. Brantingham P. and Brantingham P.: Environmental Criminology ............. 402
42. Ferrel J.: Cultural Criminology................................................................ 410
43. Kidd-Hewitt D.: Crime and the Media: a Criminological Perspective........ 415
44. Segal L.: Explaining Male Violence ......................................................... 424
45. Messerschmidt J.: Masculinities and Theoretical Criminology .................. 435
46. Braithwaite J.: Crime, Shame and Reintegration ....................................... 439
47. Cordella P.: A Comunitarian Theory of Social Order ................................ 444
48. Sampson R. and Laub J.: Crime and Deviance Over the Life Course.......... 453
49. Blumstein A. and Cohen J.: Characterizing Criminal Careers................... 460
50. Vila C.: A General Paradigm of Criminality ............................................ 469
51. Barak G.: Applying Integrated Theory: A Reciprocal Theory of Violence
and Nonviolence ..................................................................................... 477
52. Robinson M.: Integrated Systems Theory of Antisocial Behavior ............... 483
53. Cohen S.: Human Rights and Crimes of the State: The Culture of Denial ... 493
54. von Hentig H.: The Criminal and His Victim ............................................ 509
55. Fattah E: Problematic Concepts, Unjustified Criticism and Popular
Misconceptions....................................................................................... 510
56. Clemmer D.: Prisonization...................................................................... 516
57. Sykes G.: Pains of Imprisonment ............................................................. 520
REFERENCES
Daly K. and Chesney−Lind M. /1999/: Feminism and Criminology –in: Contemporary Criminological Theory
(Cordella P. and Siegel L., eds.), Boston
Derečinović D. i Getoš A. /2008/: Uvod u kriminologiju s osnovama kaznenog prava, Zagreb
Denzin N. /1970/: The Research Act, Chicago
di Argentine B. /1991/: L’actualité de la nouvelle Défense sociale, Cahiers (90/91)
Dijk J. van, Myhew P. and Killias M. /1991/: Experiences of Crime across the World – Key findings of the 1989
International Crime Survey, Deventer
Dobash R. & Dobash E. /2004/: Women’s violence to men intimate relationships, BJC, n o 3
Downes D. and Rock P. /2007/: Understanding Deviance, Oxford
Drislane R. and Parkinson G. 2005/: Nelson Criminology Dictionary, Toronto
Driver E. /1960/: Charles Goring –in: Pioneers in Criminology (Mannheim H. ed), London
Dugdale R. /1877/: The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism and Heredity, New York
Durkheim E. /1972/: O podeli društvenog rada (prevod), Beograd
Durkheim E. /1997/: Samoubistvo, Beograd
Fattah E. /1994/: Some Problematic Concepts, Unjustified Criticism and Popular Misconceptions, International
Debates in Victimology, USV Publ
Feldman D. /1969/: Psychoanalysis and Crime –in: Delinquency, Crime and Social Process (Cressey D. and
Ward D. eds.), New York
Felson M. /2006/: Crime and Nature, Thousand Oaks
Felson M. and Poulsen E. /2003/: Simple Indicators of Crime by Time of Day, International Journal of
Forecasting, vol. 19.
Ferracuti F., Dinitz S. and de Brenes E. /1975/: Delinquents and Nondelinquents in the Puerto Rican Slum
Culture, Ohio
Ferrell J. /1997/: Against Law: Anarchist Criminology –in: Thinking Critically About Crime (MacLean B. and
Milovanovic D., eds.), Vancouver
Ferrell J. /2006/: Cultural Criminology –in: Essential Criminology Reader (Henry S. and Lanier M. eds.),
Boulder
Ferrell J., Hayward K. and Young J. /2008/: Cultural Criminology: An Invitation, Los Angeles
Fishbein D. and Pease S. /1988/: The Effect of Diet on Behavior: Implications for Criminology and Corrections,
Boulder
Foucault M. /1965/: Madness and Civilization, New York
Freud S. /1973/: Autobiografija, Odabrana dela, knj. VIII, Novi Sad
Freud S. /1973a/: Nagonski život, Odabrana dela, knj. VIII, Novi Sad
Gadd D. and Jefferson T. /2007/: Psychosocial Criminology –An Introduction, Los Angeles
Garland D. /1985/: Punishment and Welfare, Aldershot
Garland D. /1994/: Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory, Oxford
Garofalo R. /1905/: La criminologie, Paris
Gassin R. /1988/: Criminologie, Paris
Geis G. /1961/: Jeremy Bentham –in: Pioneers in Criminology (Mannheim H. ed), London
Gibbs J. /1975/: Crime, Punishment and Detterence, New York
Glueck S. and E. /1940/: Juvenile Delinquents grown up, New York
Glueck S. and E. /1950/: Unraveling Juvenile Delinqency, Cambridge
Glueck S. and E. /1957/: Working Mothers and Delinquency, Mental Hygiene, July
Goddard H. /1914/: Feeble−Mindedness, New York
Gofman E. /2009/: Stigma – zabeleške o ophođenju sa narušenim identitetom, Novi Sad
Gormally B. and McEvoy K. / 1997/: The North Ireland Conflict and Peacemaking Criminology –in: Thinking
Critically About Crime (MacLean B. and Milovanovic D., eds.), Vancouver
Gramatica F. /1963/: Principes de défense sociale, Paris
Gross M. /1997/:The end of Sanity: Social, and Cultural Madness in America, New York
Gross M. and Wilson W. /1974/: Minimal Brain Disfunction, New York
Guerry A. /1833/: Essai sur le statistique morale de la France, Paris
Hagan F. /1990/: Introduction to Criminology – Theories, Methods and Criminal Behavior, Chicago
Hagan J. /1989/: Structural Criminology, New Brunswick
Haralambos M. /1989/: Uvod u sociologiju, Zagreb
Hare R. /1991/: Manual for Revised Psychopathy Checklist, Toronto
Harris J. /1970/: On the Economics of Law and Order, Journal of Political Economy, n o 1
Hartman A. /1940/: Recidivism and intelligence, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
Haskell M. and Yablonsky L. /1978/: Crime and Delinqency, Chicago
Heckert A. and D. /2008/: Using an Integrated Typology of Deviance to Analyze Ten Common Norms in US
Middle Class –in: Deviant Behavior: A Text-Reader in the Sociology of Devance (Clarke E. ed.), New York
Henry S. and Milovanovic D. /1996/: Constitutive Criminology, London
Hester S. and Eglin P. /1996/ Sociology of Crime, London
Hindelang M., Gottfredson M. and Garofalo J. /1978/: Victims of Personal Crime: An Empirical Foundation for
a Theory of Personal Victimization, Cambridge
Hirschi T. /1969/: Causes of Delinquency, Barkley
Hirschi T. and Hindelang M. /1977/: Intelligence and Delinquency: A Revisionist Review, American
Sociological Review
Hoffman M. /2003/: Empatija i moralni razvoj, Beograd
Hodgins S. /1997/: An overview on research on the prediction of dangerousness, Nordic Journal of psychiatry,
51
Howitt D. /2009/: Introduction to Forensic & Criminal Psichology, Harlow
Hudson B. /1997/: Punishment or Redress? Current Themes in European Abolitionist Criminology –in: Thinking
Critically About Crime (MacLean B. and Milovanovic D., eds.), Vancouver
Hughes G. /2009/: Communitarianism –in: Sage Dictionary of Policing (Wakefield A. and Feleming J. eds),
London
Hulsman L. /1986/: Critical Criminology and the Concept of Crime, Contemporary Crisis n o 1
Hulsman L., Bernat de Celis J. /1982/: Peines perdues: le système pénal en question, Paris
Jakobs P. et al. /1965/: Aggressive Behavior, Mental Subnormality and the XYY Male, Nature, (December)
Janković I. /1971/: Savremene struje u kriminologiji: socijalni interakcionizam i teorija etiketiranja, JRKK, n o 3
Jeffrey C. /1971/: Crime prevention Through Environmental Design, Beverly Hill
Jensen A. /1969/: How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievment? Harvard Educational Review
Jewish Encyclopedia /1913/, New York
Joka M. (ed.) /1978/: Preteče naučnog socijalizma, Zagreb
Jones D. /2008/: Understanding Criminal Behavior: Psichosocial approaches to criminality, Cullopton
Jupp V. /1989/: Methods of Criminological Research, London
MacLean B. and Milovanovic D. (eds.) /1997/: Thinking Critically About Crime, Vancouver
Maddox G. and McCall B. /1964/: Drinking Among Teenagers, New Brunswick
Maestro M. /1977/: Cesare Beccaria e le origini della riforma penale, Milano
Maklecov A. /1947/: Uvod v kriminologijo s posebnim ozirom na kriminalno politiko, del I, Ljubljana
Marks E., Meyer A. and Linssen R. /2005/: The Beccaria Project: Quality Management in Crime Prevention –in:
Quality in Crime Prevention (Marks E. et al., eds.), Hanover
Marx K. /1979/: Građanski rat u Francuskoj –in: Glavni radovi Marxa i Engelsa, Zagreb
McCord W. and McCord J. /1964/: The Psychopath: An Essay on the Criminal Mind, New York
Mednick S. and Volavka J. /1980/: Biology and Crime –in: Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research,
Vol. II (Morris N. and Tonry M. eds.), Chicago
Mednick S. et al. /1986/: Genetic Factors in Criminal Behavior: A Review –in: Development of Antisocial and
Prosocial Behavior: Research, Theories and Issues (Olwieus D. et al., eds.), New York
Merton R. /1938/: Social Structure and Anomie, American Sociological Review, n o 3
Merton R. /1968/: Social Theory and Social Structure, New York
Messerschmidt J. /2006/: Masculinities and Theoretical Criminology –in: Essential Criminology Reader (Henry
S. and Lanier M. eds.), Boulder
Messner S. and Rosenfeld R. /2001/: Crime and the American Dream, Belmont
Milić V. /1982/: Engels o metodi naučnog proučavanja društva, Zbornik za društvene nauke, n o 73
Miller W. /1958/: Lower Class Culture as a Generating Milieu of Gang Delinquency, Journal of Social Issues
Milosavljević M. /2003/: Devijacije i društvo, Beograd
Milovanovic D. /2005/: Pravna definicija zločina i jedan alternativni pogled, Anali n o 2
Milovanović R. /2005/: Psihologija kriminaliteta, Beograd
Milutinović M. /1957/: Kriminalitet kao društvena pojava, Beograd
Milutinović M. /1973/: Osnovne tendencije u savremenoj kriminologiji, JRKK n o 3
Milutinović M. /1990/: Kriminologija, Beograd
Monahan et al. /2001/: Rethinking Risk Assessment: The MacArthur Study of Mental Disorder and Violence,
Oxford
Morash M. /2006/: Understanding Gender, Crime and Justice, Thousand Oaks
Morrison W. /1995/: Theoretical Criminology: From Modernity to Postmodernism, London
Muncie J. /2009/: Youth & Crime, London
Nedović S. /2005/: Savremeni feminizam: položaj i uloga žene u porodici i društvu, Beograd
Newburn T. and Stanko E. /1994/: Just Boys Doing Business: Men Masculinities and Crime, London
Newman O. /1972/: Defensible Space: Crime and Prevention through Urban Design, New York
Nye I. /1958/: Family Relationships and Delinquent Behavior, New York
Novoselec P. 1971/: Prilog kritici Nove društvene odbrane, JRKK, n o 1
Nuvolone P. /1982/: Il sistema del diritto penale, Padova
Pakes F. and Winstone J. /2007/: Psychology and Crime – Understanding and tackling offending behaviour,
Cullompton
Pateman C /1987/: Feminist critiques of the public/ private dichotomy –in: Feminism and equality (Phillips A.,
ed.), Oxford
Pavarini M. /1980/: Introduzione a la criminologia, Firenze
Pease K. /2009/: Displacement –in: Sage Dictionary of Policing (Wakefield A. and Fleming J. eds), London
Pečar J. /1977/: Društvene promene i kriminologija, JRKK. n o 1
Pelfrey W. /1980/: The Evolution of Criminology, Cincinati
Pepinsky H. /2006/: Peacemaking, ... Boulder
Pepinsky H. and Jesilow P. /1984/: Myths That Cause Crime, Cabin John
Phillipson M. /1971/: Sociological Aspects of Crime and Delinquency, London
Pinatel J. /1968/: Thorsten Sellin and the principal trends in modern criminology –in: Crime and Culture –
Essays in Honor of Thorsten Sellin (Wolfgang M. ed), New York
Platt T. /1977/: Mogućnosti za radikalnu kriminologiju u Sjedinjenim državama, MUS n o 11−12
Pollak O. /1950/: The Criminality of Women, Philadelphia
Ponti G. /1980/: Criminologia (Compendio di), Milano
Pradel J. /2008/: Istorijat krivičnih doktrina, Beograd
Pradel J. /2009/: Komparativno krivično pravo: sankcije, Beograd
Primorac I. /1978/: Prestup i kazna – rasprave o moralnosti kazne, Beograd
Prvan Lj. /1959/: Enrico Ferri – preteče modernih ideja u krivičnom pravu, NZ, n o 5−6
Sampson R. /1997/: Collective Regulation of Adolescent Misbehavior: Validation Results from Eighty Chicago
Neighborhoods, Journal of Adolescent Research, 12
Sampson R. and Groves W. /1989/: Community Structure and Crime: Testing Social Disorganization Theory,
American Journal of Sociology, 94
Sampson R. and Laub J./1990/: Crime and Deviance Over the Life Course: The Salience of Adult Social Bonds,
American Sociological Review, 55
Sarbin T. and Miller J. /1970/: Demonism Revisited: The XYY Chromosomal Anomaly, Issues in Criminology
Schafer S. /1969/: Theories in Criminology, New York
Schur E. /1965/: Crimes without Victims, Englewood Clifs
Schur E. /1971/: Labelling Deviant Behavior, New York
Schwendinger H. and J. /1977/: Social class and the definition of crime, Crime and Social Justice, n o 1
Schwind H. /1995/: Kriminologie: Eine praxisorientierte Einführung mit Beispielen, Heidelberg
Segal L. /1990/: Slow Motion: Changing Masculinities, Changing Men, London
Sellin T. /1938/: Culture Conflict and Crime, New York
Shaw C. and McKay /1942/: Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas, Chicago
Sherman L. /2005/: Enlightened Justice: Consequentialism and Empiricism from Beccaria to Braithwaite –in:
Quality in Crime Prevention (Marx E. et al., eds.), Hanover
Shoemaker D. /1984/: Theories of Delinquency – An Examination of Explanation of Delinquent Behavior, New
York
Shoemaker D. /1996/: Theories of Delinquency, New York
Short J. and Strodtbeck F. /1965/: Group Process and Gang Delinquency, Chicago
Siegel L. /2003/: Criminology, Belmont
Simon R. /1976/: Women and Crime, Lexington
Simon W. and Gagnon J. /1976/: The Anomie of Affluence: A Post Mertonian Conception, American Journal of
Sociology, vol. 82
Simpson S. /1999/: Feminist Theory, Crime and Justice –in: Contemporary Criminological Theory (Cordella P.
and Siegel L. eds.), Boston
Singer M. /1970/: Nauka krivičnog prava Franza von Liszta, JRKK n o 2
Skogan W. /1991/: Disorder and Decline. New York
Smith S. /1986/: Crime, Space and Society, Cambridge
Srebot R. /1979/: Franz von Liszt, RKK n o 1
Stout B., Yates J. and Williams B. /2008/: Applied Criminology, Los Angeles
Sumner C. /1979/: Reading Ideologies, London
Sutherland E. /1931/: Mental Deficiency and Crime –in: Social Attitudes (Young K., ed.), New York
Sutherland E. /1947/: Principles of Criminology, Philadelphia
Sykes G. /1958/: The Society of Captives: A Study of Maximum security Prison, Princeton
Sykes G. and Matza D. /1957/: Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency, American Sociological
Review, Dec.
Šelih A. /1975/: Neki aspekti percepcije devijantnih pojava, JRKK, n o 2
Šipka P. /1998/: Eysenckov doprinos psihologiji iz (auto)biografske perspektive, Psihologija, n o 3
Špadijer J. /1988/: Socijalna patologija, Beograd
Young J. /1997/: Left realism: The Basic –in: Thinking Critically About Crime (MacLean B. and Milovanovic
D., eds.), Vancouver
Zender L. /1995/: Regulating sexual offences within the home –in: Frontiers of Criminality (Loveland I. ed.),
London