MISUNDERSTANDING

1. - This is a real life example of a situation. In your opinion, what are the
personal and institutional actions to take to avoid an accident due to poor
communication between the pilot and the controller?

a) Pilots and controllers must speak and understand technical aviation

English. Also, pilots must be familiar with the airport procedures and, if
necessary, request to ATC to repeat the information and instructions
slower and clearer or request progressive taxi service.

2. - You are the co-pilot of Air China 981 and you are not sure of what the
controller is trying to say. You have to let him know that you are not familiar
with the airport procedures and need his cooperation. Give a different way to
say it.

a) Chicago Ground this is Air China 981, we are not familiar with airport
procedures, please repeat instructions slowly and clearly. This is our
first time here, we request if possible, progressive taxi to ramp.

3.- You are Air China 981, suppose you are in flight and you have cabin report
about a not-well-feeling passenger and a few minutes later, she is throwing
up blood. Communicate to Houston Center and advise the problem on board
and your intentions. What can you expect?

a) Pan Pan Pan. Houston Center, this is Air China 981. We have a sick
passenger on board who needs immediate attention. We request
permission to land at the nearest airport and medical assistance upon
arrival.

EVACUATION

1. - You observed 2 evacuation examples. The second one was real. Say what
the main differences between the two videos are and what the possible
training actions to learn from real life evacuation are.

a) In a simulated evacuation there is no panic, the passengers leave in

order the airplane, the flight attendants can control the situation
and nobody is hurt or injured. In a real evacuation, there is panic,
the passengers run in all directions, the flight attendants cannot
control the situation and there is somebody hurt or even killed.

2. - Your call sign is Pilot Max 300. You have fire on the right side of the
airplane. First you need to land urgently. Call Los Angeles Center and report
the emergency. Second, on board there is a disabled group. Additionally you
have to instruct the invalid passenger about the drill to evacuate the
airplane. Do it!
a) Los Angeles Center this is Pilot Max 300, we have fire on the right side,
and we request permission to land immediately & emergency
equipment upon arrival. For your information, we have a disabled
group on board.

b) Ladies and Gentlemen, this is your Captain speaking, we have an

emergency & we need to land immediately. Please remain seated with
your seat belts fastened, follow the instructions of our flight
attendants. For disabled passengers, you will receive special attention
in order to evacuate the airplane.

3. - After landing, the authorities order you to wait. You have been waiting for
hours. The FAA inspector requests a declaration from you. Tell him you are
not able to declare and you need to contact the Mexican Embassy or the
corresponding Mexican representatives before declaring. Give him any
excuse to obtain a little time while the company or the Mexican authorities
help you. Do it now!

a) Good afternoon, Sir, I am the captain from flight 300, we had fire on
the right side of the aircraft & we proceeded to make an emergency
landing, we landed safely & nobody was hurt or injured. I cannot give
you further information at this moment, because I'm waiting for the
legal representatives from my company. When they get here, I will
give you my declaration, please wait.

FLAME OUT

1. - Explain in your words what happened in the video.

a) I saw a B-757 that, during take-off roll, after V1, sucked a bird into
engine number two, provoking a flame out, and then the pilots decide
to go airborne, probably declaring an emergency and requesting a
holding pattern to do the emergency checklist. After that, requesting
vectors to return to the station & emergency equipment upon arrival.

2. - You are the pilot-in-command. Advise the controller the situation and
your intentions.

a) Mayday (x3) Los Angeles approach, this is Mexicana 501, and we have
a flame out on engine number two, requesting a holding pattern to do
the emergency checklist. Then, vectors to return to the station &
emergency equipment upon arrival. For your information we have 200
passengers on board.

3. - Once at the gate you have to explain to the maintenance supervisor the
problem onboard. Do it now!

a) Good morning Sir. Today, during take-off roll, we had a flame out in
engine number two, probably due to a bird strike that was sucked into
the engine. I wrote down all of my observations in the logbook. Please
check the engine for any damage.

HYDRAULIC LEAK

1. - You are approaching to Chicago International Airport on a snow

thunderstorm. You set flaps in position one and you have an indication of
Hydraulic Leak. Make considerations and report to approach control your
requirements and needs. Report yourself as Volaris 800.

a) Pan Pan Pan Chicago Approach. This is Volaris 300. We are having a
Hydraulic problem. We request the longest runway available & towing
service to leave the runway after landing.

ICING CONDITIONS

1. - It's a cold winter night in Chicago. Tomorrow morning you will fly to
Mexico. You can expect icing conditions on your departure. In general, what
are the main considerations to operate in these weather conditions?

a) First, you need to check the weather conditions forecast in the

dispatch office before take-off. Then you have to make a physical
inspection by walking around the airplane looking for any ice formation
on the fuselage and, if necessary, request de-icing service from ramp.

2. - You are Volaris 800 on take-off sequence at O'Hare International Airport.

You have been de-iced and just have 5 minutes hold overtime. There are
about 15 airplanes ahead of you and more than 20 at your back. Advise to
Ground Control what you plan to do and advise the passengers of the
situation.

a) Chicago Ground, this is Volaris 800, requesting de-icing service from

ramp. We are number 16 in sequence.

b) Ladies and Gentlemen, this is your captain speaking. There will be a

delay of about 45 minutes due to de-icing service; we are number 16 in
sequence. Please remain seated with your seatbelts fastened. We will
take-off as soon as possible. Thank you for your comprehension.

LANDING GEAR FAILED TO GO DOWN

1. - This was a real life situation. Imagine that you are the pilot of a
commercial airplane and you notice that it's not possible to bring down the
main landing gear. Communicate with the tower and the company. As
Aeromexico 100. Request the necessary assistance and say what the main
considerations are to take in this case.

a) Los Angeles Tower, this is Aeromexico 100. We have a problem with

the main landing gear, it does not go down. We request a low pass to
verify the position of the landing gear and if necessary, a holding
pattern to burn fuel and to do an emergency checklist to prepare a
belly landing. Then, we will request vectors to your station and
emergency equipment upon arrival.

2. - ATC acknowledges your information and advises you everything is ready

for your approach. Call the company and explain to them your conditions and
requests. Additionally there is a hysterical passenger on board who will need
assistance on your arrival. Tell them now.

a) Aeromexico Operations. This is Aeromexico 100. We have a main

landing gear problem and we will proceed to make a belly landing. ATC
is ready to receive us. For your information we have a hysterical
passenger on board who will need special assistance upon arrival.

3. - Once at the gate, an FAA inspector is requesting your explanation and

your documents, but until that moment you remember you changed suitcase
this same morning with your pilot's license in it. Explain to the Inspector both
situations. First, the one about the landing gear not going down and that you
forgot the license.

a) Good afternoon, Sir. I am the Captain of AMX 100. Today during

approach we had a landing gear problem and we made a belly landing
with an emergency evacuation. Fortunately, nobody was hurt, only
structural damages to the aircraft. Now, I'm sorry to say but I forgot
my documents in my other suitcase in Mexico. I've already called my
company and they will send my documents on the next flight. Then, I
will give them to you.

RADAR FAILURE

1. - You are flying in the middle of the night at 39,000 ft. the weather
conditions are getting worse and you have to cross a thunderstorm area.
Then, when you try to use the weather radar, you get a radar failure advisory.
What would you do? Say what your options are and report to Miami Center
your actions, conditions and intentions.

a) You must inform ATC requesting vectors to avoid bad weather area.

b) Miami Center. This is Aromexico 100. We are flying through a bad

weather area and we have lost our radar. We request vectors to
your station.

2. - Later, you have to speak to your passengers. Explain them the problem
of the radar and what else you are going to do. Tell them now.

a) Ladies and gentlemen, this is your Captain speaking. We are flying

through a severe turbulence area, please remain seated with your
seatbelts fastened and follow the instructions of our flight
attendants. Everything is under control.
3. - Arriving to the gate, you observe the logbook and you notice that the
radar failure has been reported many times before with no corrective actions.
You ask for an FAA inspector and speak to him about the radar failure.

a) Good night, sir. I am the Captain of Aeromexico 100. Today in flight

we lost our radar and arriving to the gate I noticed that the problem
has been reported several times before, without any corrective
action. Please help us fix the problem.

RUNWAY INCURSION

1. - What you just was a runway incursion. This is a real example; you need to
be aware of the possibility f encountering a runway incursion, while flying.
What is your appreciation of the situation in the video?

a) I saw an airplane that is taxing to the runway. There is a low visibility,

then the airplane holds short before entering the runway. After that,
the pilot requests clearance to cross and finally the tower clears the
aircraft to cross while another airplane took off in front of it, making it
a runway incursion.

2. - Who was responsible for the mistake and what is more important; how
can pilots and controllers avoid incidents or accidents concerning runway
incursion problems?

a) The Tower Controller is responsible for clearing the airplane to cross

the runway while another is taking off. Also, pilots are responsible for
checking outside the cockpit for any traffic nearby before entering a
runway. The problem here was low visibility conditions. Finally, the
Tower needs to be always responsible for all the traffic in the area
around the airport, outgoing and incoming airplanes. Pilots should
double check for any traffic nearby.

3. - At the gate, you confront and talk to the Chief pilot. Ask him about the
report to the local authorities, referring to the runway incursion. Tell him
about the problem. Do it now!

a) Good day, sir. I am the Captain of Volaris 390. This evening we were
involved in a runway incursion situation. First, the visibility was very
low and we requested permission to cross a runway to get into
position. After that, we were cleared to cross the runway while another
airplane took off right in front of us. We were not responsible at all, so I
want to make a report about the controller.

TCAS QUASICOLLITION IN AIR

1. - On the records you can appreciate a quasi-collision in the air. Say in your
own words what the cause may be and why the confusion exists between the
pilot & the controller.
a) What is happening is, first the pilot receives a TCAs advisory, then he
requests a change flight level to avoid a collision and the controller
denies. After that, the pilot insists on changing the flight level and the
controller denies again. Finally the pilot decides to change the flight
level without clearance from ATC.

b) The causes are that maybe the controller does not have the traffic on
the screen. The controller considers there is no collision risk, the
controller is confused or distracted or he misunderstands the pilot.

2. - As soon as you land, you go and speak with the chief pilot to report the
incident. Tell him what happened and your personal opinion on the
controller's reaction.

a) Hello, Sir. Today in flight we had a TCAs advisory situation. Flying at FL

290 we requested a change of FL to avoid collision and the controller
denied again. Finally we decided to climb out to flight level 310 to
avoid an accident. That is why now I want to report the controller.

3. - If you are going to teach TCAs procedures, what can you tell the crew
about this experience and what the lesson to learn is?

a) TCAS is a system to alert from other traffic near the airplane. There are
two types. The first one is TCAS I, it is only advisory and you need to
request clearance from ATC to climb, maintain or descend the aircraft.
The second type is TCAs II that provides the pilot advisory and
resolution without clearance from Tower.

TURBULENCE

1. - Flying at 39.000 ft Kansas City Center informs you can expect a bad
weather area 18 miles ahead of you and a line of storms. Also, they have
turbulence reported all over the area. Say what the considerations to take
are, concerning the flight operation and the passengers on board.

a) The considerations to take are, first to reduce speed, then inform to

ATC. After that, request another heading and/or flight level to avoid
bad weather conditions and finally inform passengers of the situation.

2. - 5 minutes later you have got severe turbulence. The airplane doesn't look
very good and you are considering a point to divert. Call Kansas City Center,
give them a turbulence report, requesting information and advise your
intentions. Report yourself as Max 300.

a) Kansas City Center, this is Max 300, we have severe turbulence. We

request a 25 degrees deviation to the left & clearance to flight level
350. Do you have any turbulence in that area?
3. - Arriving at the gate, an angry passenger affronts you, asking for an
explanation. The flight was terrible, explain to him.

a) Good evening, Sir. I'm the captain on board, sorry for the bad flight.
We encountered severe turbulence on route. This often happens, we
tried to control the airplane and we did our best, but if you still want to
make a report, please do it in our offices at the airport.