12
TVL – AFA - ORGANIC
AGRICULTURE
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
SELECTING ANIMALS FOR PARTICULAR
PURPOSE
TVL – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: SELECTING ANIMALS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE
First Edition, 2020
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Antonio B. Baguio
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[email protected] 12
TVL
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
SELECTING ANIMALS FOR
PARTICULAR PURPOSE
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the TVL - ANIMAL PRODUCTION 12 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on SELECTING ANIMALS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.
ii
For the learner:
Welcome to the TVL - ANIMAL PRODUCTION 12 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on SELECTING ANIMALS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
This will give you an idea of the skills or
What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
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or a situation.
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skills of the topic. You may check the
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Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
iii
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
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6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!
iv
What I Need to Know
This lesson presents the fundamentals of selecting animals to be
raised. It focuses on the use of a score cards which considers mostly the
good and weak points of the animal being judged. However, a brief
description of the important economic traits and tips for selection were given
as a guide when choosing animal according to the purpose.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define selection;
2. enumerate and discuss important traits to be considered during
selection;
3. appreciate the importance of using score cards in the selection process.
1
What I Know
Instruction: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the correct
answer in your activity notebook.
1. Selection is best defined as ________________.
a. the process of sorting different breeds of goat.
b. the useful determinants to improve various traits.
c. the traits that can be achieved through proper breeding management.
d. the systematic way of choosing the desired characteristics of
goat/sheep for breeding purposes.
2. What best defines pedigree?
a. The record about the eating habit of each animal
b. The record that shows the growth rate of young animals
c. It is the record of bloodlines of the ancestors of the animals
d. The list of feed ingredients for each stage of growth of the animals
3. The following are ideal characteristics of animal carcass, except:
a. Minimum amount of bone c. Optimum amount of fat
b. Maximum amount of muscle d. Maximum amount of water
4. Which of the following does not directly affect the milk yield of a lactating
does/ewes?
a. Body size c. Stage of lactation
b. Color and other markings d. Udder size
5. Why the birth weight is an important trait of animals?
a. Because it reduces feed cost
b. Because this is one basis for giving birth of twins
c. Because this gives the animal optimum protection against parasite
infestations
d. Because this is directly related to the survival rate and growth
performance of young animals
6. The following traits are considered to be low or not heritable at all except:
a. Birth weight c. Gestation length
b. Estrus cycle d. Litter size
7. Which of the following is not an important trait for selection?
a. Carcass quality c. Milk yield
2
b. Color and size of ears d. Reproductive efficiency
8. Which of the following characteristics of native does is not preferable for
breeding purposes?
a. Teats are uniform c. Has a complete set of teeth
b. Lumps at the udder area d. Weight not less than 25
kilograms
9. The following choices are considered when selecting for breeder buck,
except:
a. Heaviest among the herd
b. Active and ready to breed in-heat does
c. Most capricious based on feeding record
d. Capable to transmit good quality to its progeny
10. It contains a systematic, brief, and ideal description of the different body
parts of the animal and their numerical values.
a. Journal c. Record book
b. Health record d. Score card
3
Lesson SELECTING ANIMALS FOR
1
PARTICULAR PURPOSE
In this module, you will learn how to define a selection of a particular trait of
livestock animals for a purpose.
What’s In
Instructions: Answer the following questions below the picture.
1. What did you see in the picture?
2. Can you identify which of the two is for meat production?
4
What’s New
Instruction: Write T if the statement is correct and F if incorrect. Write your
answer on your activity note.
1. Selection is a way of choosing animals with desirable characteristics
for breeding purposes.
2. The so-called Pedigree is also the market record of animals.
3. A good breeder could efficiently convert feeds into meat.
4. An animal that thrives in the existing local condition could give a
better performance.
5. Purebreds are better to raise than grades or native animals.
6. Female breeders that have been detected for lumps at udders should
be discarded from the breeding herd.
7. One of the criteria for the selection of breeders is the completeness of
teeth.
8. In crossing two breeds, one third (1/3) of the blood composition of the
progeny will be inherited from the buck.
9. A good breeder has clear, bright eyes and large open nostrils.
10. Resistance to diseases is not always considered when choosing an
animal for breeding purposes.
5
What is It
SELECTING ANIMALS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE
Selection of Stock
The systematic way of choosing goats/sheep with desirable
characteristics for breeding purposes is called selection. This ensures the
choice of the best animals for reproduction. Most of the productive and
reproductive traits are greatly influenced by the kind of breeding stock in
the herd since everything will start from the parent animals. Moreover,
pedigree or the record of bloodlines of the ancestors of the animal,
performance or production record, health and disposition should be given
consideration.
Important economic traits to be considered during selection:
Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) – this is the ability of a particular breed to
efficiently convert feeds into meat.
Reproductive efficiency - can be measured by fertility, prolificacy,
fecundity and survival
(http://ilri.org/infoserv/Webpub/fulldocs/X5460E/x5460e02. htm ,
10-06-14)
Growth rate – it is the capacity to make a rapid gain, this varies
among breeds
Carcass quality characteristics - The ideal carcass has a minimum
amount of bone, a maximum amount of muscle, and an optimum
amount of fat. A certain proportion of fat is desirable to reduce drying
out of the carcass. On the other hand, too much fat is undesirable.
(http://www.esgpip.com/Handbook /Chapter12.html 11-15-14)
Milk yield – The amount of milk harvested from a milking doe/ewes.
The volume varies due to different factors that affect the animal such
as body size, weight, parity, stage of lactation, udder size, litter size,
nutrition, breed, and kidding/ lambing season.
(http://www.esgpip.com /Handbook/Handbook _PDF/Chapter%
2010_%20Sheep%20and%20Goat%20Products%20and%20By-
Products.pdf 11-15-14)
Birth weight - Birth weight is an important trait and is related to the
survival and growth performance of young animals.
(http://www.esgpip.org/pdf/Technical %20Bulletin %20 No.23.pdf
11-15-14)
6
Moderate to Highly Heritable Traits
Birth weight
Growth rate
Structural traits, such as heart girth, body length, and withers size
Low or not Heritable Traits
Estrus cycle
Gestation length
Litter size
Incidence of multiple birth or twinning
Selection Tips:
Select ruminants that are large for their age among their herd mates. They
should grow rapidly from birth to weaning.
Select kids from does that breed regularly and prefer does that kid at least 3
times in 2 years.
Consider multiple births as a criterion in selection. Choose breeding does
that have given birth to twins or triplets.
Where conditions are highly unfavorable, select goats for high fertility and
viability rather than for rapid growth. However, if it is possible to provide
high levels of feeding for the kids up to 6 months old, selection for growth
rate would be justified.
Select for high milk production and persistency of lactation.
Select replacement stock based on parental performance such as growth
rate, high milk production, easy milkers, and others.
Select a breed that is most common in the locality. There is no best breed in
all conditions. An animal thrives in the existing local condition could give a
better performance.
Grades or native animals are more practical to start with. There is less
investment involved and they are not as sensitive as the purebreds in their
requirements such as feeding, housing, and rearing.
THE SCORE CARD
A score card is a method of judging which contains a systematic, brief,
and ideal description of the different body parts of an animal with their
numerical values based on industry standard. The total numerical point is
always 100. For beginners to use this effectively, the anatomy of external
parts has been provided in each animal according to their purpose.
Steps:
Identify the animal to be scored or judged.
Stay near the animal for a better inspection and closer examination.
Examine each part thoroughly following the sequence appearing in the
score card.
Use your hand to feel and inspect the parts to be judged.
Write the score next to the perfect score following its order and
sequence.
7
Deduct from the perfect score the deficiency the judge may find in the
specific parts of the animal.
Add the total score. This will be the final rate or score of the animal.
Through this, a good and weak point can be evaluated, thus improves
the whole herd by eliminating unproductive animals and retaining only the
productive ones.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Dairy Goats
The doe largely determines the success of your dairy goat enterprise.
Hence, you must select her with care. Here are some points to remember
when choosing milking does.
External parts of a doe
➢ These should be purchased from a locality or area with similar climatic
conditions;
➢ Native or graded does should not be less than 25 kilograms;
➢ The udder should be palpated for size, detection of lumps, and other
abnormalities;
➢ Teats should be uniform in length, and large enough for easy milking;
➢ These must-have good appetites possess alert eyes and well-formed
pupils;
➢ The middle of the doe should be long and the rib well-sprung, allowing
room for roughage and 2 or more kids;
➢ The floor of the chest should be wide enough for the front legs to be set
apart;
➢ They should have the capacity to reproduce and to mother kids; and
➢ They should have normal genitals, sound legs, and a complete set of
teeth.
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SCORE CARD FOR DAIRY GOAT
Scale of Points Perfect Student’s Teacher’s
Score Score Score
GENERAL APPEARANCE – 30
POINTS
10
Breed Characteristics
Head – medium in length, clean-
cut; broad muzzle with large,
open nostrils; lean, strong jaws;
full, bright eyes; forehead broad
between the eyes; ears are
medium size, alertly carried
(except Nubians)
Shoulder blades – set smoothly
against the chest wall and
withers, forming a neat junction
with the body
Back – strong and appearing
straight with vertebrae well-
defined
Loin – broad, strong, and nearly 8
level
Rump – long, wide, and nearly
level
hips – wide, level with the
back
thurls – wide apart
pin bones – wide apart, lower
than hips, well- defined
tail head – slightly above and
nearly set between pin
bones
12
tail – symmetrical with the
body and carried upright
Legs – wide apart, squarely set,
clean-cut and strong with
forelegs straight
hind legs – nearly
9
perpendicular from hock
to pastern, when viewed
from behind, legs wide
apart and nearly straight;
bone flat and flinty;
tendons well-defined;
pasterns of medium
length, strong and springy
Feet – short and straight, with
deep heel and level sole
DAIRY CHARACTER – 20
POINTS
Neck – long and lean, blending
smoothly into shoulders and
brisket, clean cut throat
Withers – well-defined and wedge-
shaped with the dorsal process
of the vertebrae rising slightly
above the shoulder blades
Ribs – wide apart; rib bone wide,
flat, and long
Flank – deep, arched, and refined
Thighs – incurving to flat from the
side; apart when viewed from
the rear, providing sufficient
room for the udder and its
attachments
Skin – fine-textured, loose, and
pliable; hair-fine
BODY CAPACITY – 20 points
Relatively large in proportion to
the size of the animal, providing
ample digestive capacity,
strength, and vigor
Barrel – deep, strongly supported; 12
ribs wide apart and well-sprung,
depth and wide tending to
increase toward the rear of the 8
barrel
Heart girth – large, resulting from
10
long, well-sprung fore ribs; wide
chest floor between the front
legs, and fullness at the point of
the elbow
MAMMARY SYSTEM – 30
POINTS
10
Udder – capacity and shape –
long, wide and capacious;
extended and well forward;
strongly attached
5
rear attachment – high and
wide; halves evenly
balanced and
symmetrical
6
fore attachment – carried well
forward; tightly attached
without pocket, blending
smoothly into body
5
texture – soft, pliable, and
elastic; free from
scar tissue; well-
collapsed after milking
Teats – two, uniform, of 4
convenient length and
size, cylindrical in shape,
free from obstructions,
well apart, squarely and
properly placed, easy to
milk
TOTAL 100
The Philippines Recommends for Goat Farming PCARRD Technical Bulletin
Series No. 24-A
Bucks
One half of the blood composition of the herd comes from the buck;
the improvement of the herd depends much on it. Consider the following
when selecting a breeder buck.
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➢ One-year-old buck that has successfully mated once is desirable;
➢ Acquired bucks should be accompanied by a pedigree record;
➢ The buck should be the heaviest in the herd;
➢ It should be capable of transmitting its good qualities to its progeny;
➢ It must have a good producing line, based on farm record;
➢ Buck must come from a doe with a high twinning rate;
➢ Buck must be active and ready to breed in-heat does.
External parts of a buck
SCORE CARD FOR BUCKS
Scale of Points Perfect Student’s Teacher’s
Score Score Score
GENERAL APPEARANCE – 40
Breed Characteristic – must conform with
breed standards
10
Head – medium in length, clean-cut;
broad muzzle with large, open nostrils,
lean, strong jaw; full bright eyes;
forehead broad between the eyes; ears,
medium size
Color – appropriate to breed
Shoulder blade – set smoothly against the
chest wall and withers 5
Back – strong and appearing straight with
12
vertebrae well-defined 10
Loin – broad, strong, and nearly level
Rump – long, wide, and nearly level
hips – wide, level with the back
thurls – wide apart
pin bones – wide apart, lower than hips
tail head – slightly above and neatly set
between pin bones
tail – symmetrical with the body
Legs – wide apart, squarely set, with
forelegs straight
Feet – short and straight, with deep heel
and level sole
15
DAIRY CHARACTER– 25
Neck – medium length, strong and 25
blending smoothly into shoulders and
brisket
Withers – well-defined and wedge-shaped
with the dorsal process of the vertebrae
rising slightly above the shoulder blade
Ribs – wide apart; rib bone wide, flat, and
long
Flank – deep, arched, and refined
Thighs – incurving to flat from the side;
apart when viewed from the rear
Skin – fine-textured; loose; pliable; hair,
fine
BODY CAPACITY – 25
Barrel – deep; strongly supported; ribs, 13
wide apart and well-sprung
Heart girth – large, resulting from long,
12
well-sprung fore ribs; wide chest floor
between the front legs, and fullness at
the point of the elbow
13
MAMMARY AND REPRODUCTION
SYSTEM – 10
Mammary – two rudimentary teats of
uniform size and showing no evidence of
extra orifices; extra teats must be 5
removed; teats should be squarely
placed below a wide arched escutcheon
Reproduction – two well-formed testicles
of appropriate size for the age of animal 5
both showing evidence of being in a
viable healthy condition; all visible parts
of the reproduction system showing no
evidence of disease or disability
Total 100
SCORE CARD FOR MEAT – TYPE GOAT
Scale of Points Perfect Student’s Teacher’s
Score Score Score
GENERAL APPEARANCE – 30
Quality and condition 15
Well-muscled, with smooth firm
flesh;
Clean, strong bone;
Smooth, glossy hair and loose
15
supple skin
Size and development
Size appropriate to age; fast grower
preferred
FORE QUARTERS – 25
Shoulders 10
Well-muscled, with smooth firm
flesh;
Withers barely defined
7
Brisket
Broad, deep, muscular
8
14
Forelegs
Heavily muscled, round, clean bone;
Strong, straight legs with strong,
flexible pasterns
HIND QUARTERS – 25
Rump 10
Long and broad with smooth, firm
flesh
10
Twist and thighs
Low, wide well-fleshed twist
Deep, wide, firm and muscular
5
thighs
Hind legs
Clean and strong bone
BODY – 15
Capacity 2
Ample room for the digestive system
Heart girth 2
Large girth with wide chest floor
Fullness at point of the elbow
Barrel 4
Deep and broad; well-supported
Loin 7
Broad and strong with full, deep
flanks
HEAD AND NECK – 5
Head 2
Clear bright eyes; large, open
nostrils
3
Neck
Medium length, strong and thick,
Blending smoothly into shoulder
15
and brisket
Total 100
For both sexes of breeders, consider the large size, straight and strong
legs, bright eyes, high feeding capacity, and resistance to diseases for these
are desirable characteristics.
What’s More
Instruction: Write 3 criteria or points to remember when choosing buck
and does. Write your answer in your notebook.
A B
1 1
2 2
3 3
What I Have Learned
Good breeding stock is essential for the most profitable goat/sheep
enterprise. This greatly influenced the production of the herd. This is the
reason why a goat/sheep raiser aims to bring together the breeding stock
that could produce a productive animal. In the selection of breeder animals,
emphasis must be placed upon the productiveness of the animals in terms
of prolificacy, growth rate, milk yield, and the quality of carcass produce.
16
What I Can Do
Instructions: Determine whether the following traits are considered to be
Low or Not Heritable Traits or Moderate to Highly Heritable Traits. Write L/N
for the Low or Not Heritable Traits and M-H for the Moderate to Highly
Heritable Traits. Write your answer on the tour notebook.
a. Birth weight e. Heart girth
b. Estrus cycle f. Twinning
c. Litter size g. Growth rate
d. Body length
17
Assessment
Instruction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter in
your notebook.
1. This is the ability of a particular breed to efficiently convert feeds into
meat.
a. FCR
b. Growth rate
c. Reproductive efficiency
d. Carcass quality characteristics
2. It is the capacity to make a rapid gain, this varies among breeds.
a. FCR
b. Growth rate
c. Reproductive efficiency
d. Carcass quality characteristics
3. Can be measured by fertility, prolificacy, fecundity, and survival.
a. FCR
b. Growth rate
c. Reproductive efficiency
d. Carcass quality characteristics
4. The ideal carcass has a minimum amount of bone, a maximum
amount of muscle, and an optimum amount of fat.
a. FCR
b. Growth rate
c. Reproductive efficiency
d. Carcass quality characteristics
5. The amount of milk harvested from a milking doe/ewes.
a. Birth weight
b. Score card
c. Milk yield
d. selection
6. Birth weight is an important trait and is related to the survival and
growth performance of young animals.
a. Birth weight
b. Score card
c. Milk yield
d. Selection
e.
18
7. This ensures the choice of the best animals for reproduction.
a. Birth weight
b. Score card
c. Milk yield
d. Selection
8. Is a method of judging which contains a systematic, brief, and ideal
description of the different body parts of an animal.
a. Birth weight
b. Score card
c. Milk yield
d. Selection
9. Largely determines the success of your dairy goat enterprise.
a. doe
b. Score card
c. Milk yield
d. buck
10. One half of the blood composition of the herd comes from
the_________.
a. doe
b. Score card
c. Milk yield
d. Buck
19
Additional Activities
Instruction: Discuss briefly some of the important economic traits to be
considered during selection. Write your answer on your notebook.
Feed Conversion Ratio
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______
Reproductive Efficiency
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______
Growth Rate
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______
Carcass Quality Characteristic
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______
Milk Yield
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______
Birth Weight
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______
20
Answer Key
Assessment What's More What I Know
1. A 1.
2. B 2. 1. D
3. C 3. 2. C
4. D 4. 3. D
5. C 5. 4. B
6. A 5. D
7. D 6. A
8. B 7. B
9. A 8. B
10. D 9. C
10. D
21
References
CG, TG, LM ANIMAL-PRODUCTION SMALL RUMINANT NCII
http://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in/expert_sytem/sheepgoat/index.html
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
Email Address:
[email protected]Website: lrmds.depednodis.net
