DEPARTMENT OF MARITIME STUDIES CHAPTER 9: Work and Kinetic Energy

MARINE ENGINEERING PHYSICS

MEP152S

1. Particle A has one-fourth the mass and four times the kinetic energy of particle B. What is the
speed ratio, 𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵 /𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵 ?
2. A particle moves in a vertical plane along the closed path seen in Figure below, starting at A and
eventually returning to its starting point. Is the work done by gravity positive, negative, or zero?
Explain.

3. A spring has an unstretched length of 10 cm. It exerts a restoring force F when stretched to a length
of 11 cm.
a. For what length of the spring is its restoring force 3F?
b. At what compressed length is the restoring force 2F?

4. A 2.0 kg book is lying on a 0.75-m-high table. You pick it up and place it on a bookshelf 2.25 m
above the floor.

a. How much work does gravity do on the book? [-29 J]

b. How much work does your hand do on the book? [29 J]

5. Figure below is the kinetic-energy graph for a 2.0 kg object moving along the x-axis. Determine
the work done on the object during each of the four intervals AB, BC, CD, and DE? [- 4j, 0 J, 2 J,
2 J]

6. You throw a 5.5 g coin straight down at 4.0 m/s from a 35-m-high bridge.

a. How much work does gravity do as the coin falls to the water below? [1.9 J]
b. What is the speed of the coin just as it hits the water? [26.5 m/s]

7. The cable of a crane is lifting an 800 kg girder. The girder in-creases its speed from 0.1 m/s to 1.5
m/s within a distance of 4.5 m.

a. How much work is done by gravity? [- 3.5 x 104 J]

b. How much work is done by tension?? [3.6 x 104 J]
8. Figure below is the force-versus-position graph for a particle moving along the x-axis. Determine
the work done on the particle during each of the three intervals 0–1 m, 1–2 m, and 2–3 m. [4 J, 0
J, -2 J]

9. A 500 g particle moving along the x-axis experiences the force shown in Figure below. The
particle’s velocity is 2.0 m/s at x = 0 m. What is its velocity at x = 3 m? [11 m/s]

10. A 2.0 kg particle moving along the x-axis experiences the force shown in Figure below. The
particle’s velocity is 4.0 m/s at x = 0 m. What is its velocity at x = 2 m and x = 4 m? [5 m/s, 4 m/s]

11. A 10-cm-long spring is attached to the ceiling. When a 2.0 kg mass is hung from it, the spring
stretches to a length of 15 cm.
a. What is the spring constant? [392 N/m]
b. How long is the spring when a 3.0 kg mass is suspended from it? [-17.5 cm]

12. A 5.0 kg mass hanging from a spring scale is slowly lowered onto a vertical spring, as shown in
Figure below. The scale reads in newtons.?
a. What does the spring scale read just before the mass touches the lower spring? [49 N]
b. The scale reads 20 N when the lower spring has been compressed by 2.0 cm. What is the
value of the spring constant for the lower spring? [1450 N/m]
c. At what compression will the scale read zero? [3.4 cm]

13. A baggage handler throws a 15 kg suitcase along the floor of an airplane luggage compartment
with a speed of 1.2 m/s. The suitcase slides 2.0 m before stopping. Use work and energy to find the
suitcase’s coefficient of kinetic friction on the floor. [0.037]

14. An 8.0 kg crate is pulled 5.0 m up a 30° incline by a rope angled 18° above the incline. The tension
in the rope is 120 N, and the crate’s coefficient of kinetic friction on the incline is 0.25.
a. How much work is done by tension, by gravity, and by the normal force? [0.0 J]
b. What is the shape of the trajectoryb. What is the increase in thermal energy of the crate
and incline? [39 J]

15.
a. How much work does an elevator motor do to lift a 1000 kg elevator a height of 100 m? [176
J]
b. How much power must the motor supply to do this in 50 s at constant speed? [59 W]
16. A 50 kg sprinter, starting from rest, runs 50 m in 7.0 s at constant acceleration.
a. What is the magnitude of the horizontal force acting on the sprinter? [10 x 101 N]
b. What is the sprinter’s power output at 2.0 s, 4.0 s, and 6.0 s? [0.42 kW, 0.83 kW, 1.3
kW]

17. A 1000 kg elevator accelerates upward at 1.0 m/s2 for 10 m, starting from rest.
a. How much work does gravity do on the elevator? [-9.8 x 104 J]
b. How much work does the tension in the elevator cable do on the elevator? [1.1 x 105 J]
c. What is the elevator’s kinetic energy after traveling 10 m? [1.0 x 104 J]

18. Susan’s 10 kg baby brother Paul sits on a mat. Susan pulls the mat across the floor using a rope
that is angled 30° above the floor. The tension is a constant 30 N and the coefficient of friction is
0.20. Use work and energy to find Paul’s speed after being pulled 3.0 m. [2.4 m/s]
19. A 50 g rock is placed in a slingshot and the rubber band is stretched. The magnitude of the force of
the rubber band on the rock is shown by thegraph in Figure below. The rubber band is stretched 30
cm and then released. What is the speed of the rock? [19 m/s]
20. When you ride a bicycle at constant speed, nearly all the energy you expend goes into the work you
do against the drag force of the air. Model a cyclist as having cross-section area 0.45 m2 and, be-
cause the human body is not aerodynamically sharped, a drag coefficient of 0.90

a. What is the cyclist’s power output while riding at a steady 7.3 m/s? [95 W]
b. Metabolic power is the rate at which your body “burns” fuel to power your activities. For
many activities, your body is roughly 25% efficient at converting the chemical energy of
food into mechanical energy. What is the cyclist’s metabolic power while cycling at 7.3
m/s? [3.8 x 102 W]
c. The food calorie is equivalent to 4190 J. How many calories does the cyclist burn if he
rides over level ground at 7.3 m/s for 1 h? [3.2 x 102 cal]
21. A Porsche 944 Turbo has a rated engine power of 217 hp. 30%of the power is lost in the drive
train, and 70% reaches the wheels. The total mass of the car and driver is 1480 kg, and two-thirds
of the weight is over the drive wheels.

a. What is the maximum acceleration of the Porsche on a concrete surface where 𝜇𝜇𝑠𝑠 = 1.00?
[6.53 m/s2]

Hint: What force pushes the car forward?

b. If the Porsche accelerates at amax, what is its speed when it reaches maximum power
output? [11.7 m/s]
c. How long does it take the Porsche to reach the maximum power output? [1.79 s]

22. Six dogs pull a two-person sled with a total mass of 220 kg. The coefficient of kinetic friction
between the sled and the snow is 0.080. The sled accelerates at 0.75 m/s2 until it reaches a cruising
speed of 12 km/h. What is the team’s

a. maximum power output during the acceleration phase and [560 W]

b. power output during the cruising phase? [570 W]

23. A 12 kg weather rocket generates a thrust of 200 N. The rocket, pointing upward, is clamped to the
top of a vertical spring. The bottom of the spring, whose spring constant is 550 N/m, is anchored to
the ground.

a. Initially, before the engine is ignited, the rocket sits at rest on top of the spring. How much
is the spring compressed? [20.0 cm]
b. After the engine is ignited, what is the rocket’s speed when the spring has stretched 40 cm?
[0.40 m]

24. A gardener pushes a 12 kg lawnmower whose handle is tilted up 37° above horizontal. The
lawnmower’s coefficient of rolling friction is 0.15. How much power does the gardener have to
supply to push the lawnmower at a constant speed of 1.2 m/s? Assume his push is parallel to the
handle. [24 W]