Le Hong Phong Highschool Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien

ELT Department

READING PRACTICE 2
PASSAGE 6 (Questions 28-32)
Limestone Caves

Limestone caves can be spectacular structures filled with giant stalactites and stalagmites. These caves
are formed when rainwater, which is a weak acid, dissolves calcite, or lime, out of limestone. Over time, the lime-
laden water drips down into cracks, enlarging them into caves. Some of the lime is then redeposited to form
stalactites and stalagmites.
Stalactites, which grow down from cave ceilings, are formed in limestone caves when groundwater
containing dissolved lime drips from the roof of the cave and leaves a thin deposit as it evaporates. Stalactites
generally grow only a fraction of an inch each year, but over time a considerable number may grow to be several
yards long. In cases where the supply of water is seasonal, they may actually have growth rings resembling those
on tree trunks that indicate how old the stalactites are.
Stalagmites are formed on the floor of a limestone cave where water containing dissolved lime has dripped
either from the cave ceiling or from a stalactite above. They develop in the same way as stalactites, when water
containing dissolved limestone evaporates. In some limestone caves with mature limestone development,
stalactites and stalagmites grow together, creating limestone pillars that stretch from the cave floor to the cave
ceiling.

28. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that all of the following are part of the process of forming limestone caves
EXCEPT that
A. rainwater dissolves lime from limestone
B. the lime-filled water seeps into breaks in the ground
C. the lime in the water evaporates
D. the cracks in the ground develop into caves
29. According to paragraph 2, it is NOT true that stalactites
A. enlarge cave ceilings C. grow in a downward direction
B. are found in limestone caves D. grow quite slowly
30. It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2
A. how long stalactites may grow C. what one of the effects of a limited water supply is
B. how the age of a stalactite is determined D. what causes stalactites to disappear
31. According to paragraph 3, stalagmites are NOT formed
A. on cave floors
B. from lime dissolved in water
C. above stalactites
D. as water containing lime evaporates
32. It is NOT indicated in paragraph 3 that limestone pillars
A. result when a stalactite and a stalagmite grow together
B. are attached to both the floor and the ceiling of a cave
C. are relatively aged limestone formations
D. are more durable than stalactites and stalagmites

PASSAGE 7 (Questions 33-37)

Wrigley's Chewing Gum

Wrigley's chewing gum was actually developed as a premium to be given away with other products rather
than as a primary product for sale. As a teenager, William Wrigley Jr. was working for his father in Chicago selling
soap that had been manufactured in his father's factory. The soap was not very popular with merchants because
it was priced at five cents, and this selling price did not leave a good profit margin for the merchants. Wrigley
convinced his father to raise the price to ten cents and to give away cheap umbrellas as a premium for the
merchants. This worked successfully, confirming to Wrigley that the use of premiums was an effective sales tool.
Wrigley then established his own company; in his company he was selling soap as a wholesaler, giving
baking soda away as a premium, and using a cookbook to promote each deal. Over time, the baking soda and
cookbook became more popular than the soap, so Wrigley began a new operation selling baking soda. He began
hunting for a new premium item to give away with sales of baking soda; he soon decided on chewing gum. Once

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Le Hong Phong Highschool Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien
ELT Department

again, when Wrigley realized that demand for the premium was stronger than the demand for the original product,
he created the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company to produce and sell chewing gum.
Wrigley started out with two brands of gum, Vassar and Lotta Gum, and soon introduced Juicy Fruit and
Spearment. The latter two brands grew in popularity, while the first two were phased out. Juicy Fruit and Spearment
are two of Wrigley's main brands to this day.

33. It is NOT indicated in paragraph 1 that young William was working

A. in Chicago C. as a soap salesman
B. for his father D. in his father's factory

34. According to paragraph 1, it is NOT true that the soap that young Wrigley was selling
A. was originally well-liked
B. was originally priced at five cents
C. originally provided little profit for merchants
D. eventually became more popular with merchants

35. According to paragraph 2, it is NOT true that, when Wrigley first founded his own company, he was
A. selling soap C. giving away cookbooks
B. selling chewing gum D. using baking soda as a premium

36. It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 that Wrigley later

A. sold baking soda
B. used chewing gun as a premium to sell baking soda
C. sold chewing gum
D. used baking soda as a premium to sell chewing gum

37. According to paragraph 3, the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company did all of the following EXCEPT
A. begin with two brands of gum C. phase out the last two brands
B. add new brands to the original two D. phase out the first two brands

PASSAGE 8 (Questions 38-44)

Dissociative Identity Disorder (Hội chứng đa nhân cách)

Dissociative identity disorder is a psychological condition in which a person's identity dissociates, or

fragments, thereby creating distinct independent identities within one individual. Each separate personality can be
distinct from the other personalities in a number of ways, including posture, manner of moving, tone and pitch of
voice, gestures, facial expressions, and use of language. A person suffering from dissociative identity disorder
may have a large number of independent personalities or perhaps only two or three.
Two stories of actual women suffering from dissociative identity disorder have been extensively recounted
in books and films that are familiar to the public. One of them is the story of a woman with 22 separate personalities
known as Eve. In the 1950s, a book by Corbett Thigpen and a motion picture starring Joanne Woodward, each of
which was titled The Three Faces of Eve, presented her story; the title referred to 3 faces, when the woman known
as Eve actually experienced 22 different personalities, because only 3 of the personalities could exist at one time.
Two decades later, Carolyn Sizemore, Eve's 22nd personality, wrote about her experiences in a book entitled I'm
Eve. The second well-known story of a woman suffering from dissociative personality disorder is the story of Sybil,
a woman whose 16 distinct personalities emerged over a period of 40 years. A book describing Sybil's experiences
was written by Flora Rheta Schreiber and was published in 1973; a motion picture based on the book and starring
Sally Field followed.

38. It is NOT stated in paragraph 1 that someone suffering from dissociative identity disorder has
A. a psychological condition C. a number of independent identities
B. a fragmented identity D. some violent and some nonviolent identities

39. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that distinct personalities can differ in all of the following ways EXCEPT
A. manner of dressing C. manner of speaking
B. manner of moving D. manner of gesturing

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Le Hong Phong Highschool Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien
ELT Department

40. It is indicated in paragraph 2 that it is NOT true that Eve

A. suffered from dissociative identity disorder D. had only 3 distinct personalities at any one
B. starred in the movie about her life time
C. had 22 distinct personalities

41. It is NOT stated in paragraph 2 that The Three Faces of Eve

A. was based on the life of a real woman C. was the title of a movie
B. was the title of a book D. was made into a movie in 1950

42. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 2 about Carolyn Sizemore EXCEPT that she
A. wrote I'm Eve C. wrote a book in the 1970s
B. was one of Eve's personalities D. was familiar with all 22 personalities

43. According to paragraph 2, it is NOT true that Sybil

A. was a real person
B. suffered from dissociative identity disorder
C. developed all her personalities over 16 years
D. developed 16 distinctive personalities over a long period of time

44. It is NOT indicated in paragraph 2 that the book describing Sybil's experiences
A. took 40 years to write C. appeared in the 1970s
B. was written by Flora Rheta Schreiber D. was made into a movie

PASSAGE 9 (Questions 45-57)

John Muir
1 John Muir (1838-1914), a Scottish immigrant to the United States, is today recognized for his vital
contributions in the area of environmental protection and conservation of the wilderness. As such, he is often
referred to as the unofficial "Father of National Parks."
2 Muir came to his role as an environmentalist in a rather circuitous way. Born in Dunbar, Scotland, Muir
came to the United States with his family at the age of eleven. The family settled on a Wisconsin farm, where Muir
was educated at home rather than in public school because his father felt that participation in an education in a
public school would violate his strict religious code. Young Muir did read considerably at home and also developed
some interesting mechanical devices by whittling them from wood; when some of his inventions were put on display
at a state fair, they were noted by officials from the University of Wisconsin, and Muir was invited to attend the
university in spite of his lack of formal education. He left the university after two and a half years; later, while
working in a carriage factory, he suffered an injury to his eye. His vision did recover, but following the accident he
decided that he wanted to spend his life studying the beauty of the natural world rather than endangering his health
working in a factory. He set out on a 1,000-mile walk south to the Gulf of Mexico, and from there he made his way
to Yosemite, California, lured by a travel brochure highlighting the natural beauty of Yosemite.
3 He arrived in California in 1868, at the age of thirty, and once there, he took a number of odd jobs to support
himself, working as a laborer, a sheepherder, and-after he had become familiar with the wilderness area-a guide.
He also began a writing campaign to encourage public support for the preservation of the wilderness, particularly
the area around Yosemite. He married in 1880, and for the years that followed he was more involved in family life
and in running the ranch given to him and his wife by her parents than in preservation of the environment.
4 He had been away from the environmentalist movement for some time when, in 1889, he was asked by an
editor of the magazine The Century to write some articles in support of the preservation of Yosemite. The editor,
well aware of Muir's talent as a writer and his efforts in the 1870s to support the conservation of Yosemite, took
Muir camping to areas of Yosemite that Muir had not seen for years, areas that had been spoiled through
uncontrolled development. Because of the experience of this trip, Muir agreed to write two articles in support of
the institution of a National Parks system in the United States with Yosemite as the first park to be so designated.
These two articles in The Century initiated the Yosemite National Park campaign.
5 The campaign was indeed successful. The law creating Yosemite National Park was enacted in 1890, and
three additional national parks were created soon after. A year later, a bill known as the Enabling Act was passed;
this was a bill that gave U.S. presidents the right to reserve lands for preservation by the U.S. government. Pleased
by this success but keenly aware of the need to continue the effort to preserve wilderness areas from undisciplined
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Le Hong Phong Highschool Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien
ELT Department

development, Muir established an organization in 1892, the Sierra Club, with the expressed goal of protecting the
wilderness, particularly the area of the Sierra Nevada mountain range where Yosemite is located.
6 From then until his death in 1914, Muir worked assiduously on his writing in an effort to build recognition of
the need for environmental protection. His writings from this period include The Mountains of California (1894),
Our National Parks (1901), My First Summer in the Sierra (1911), and My Boyhood and Youth (1913).
7 A century later, the results of what John Muir was instrumental in initiating are remarkable. The National
Park Service is now responsible for more than 350 parks, rivers, seashores, and preserves; more than 250 million
people visit these parks each year, and the Sierra Club has more than 650,000 members.

45. According to paragraph 1, Muir was born

A. in the first half of the eighteenth century
B. in the second half of the eighteenth century
C. in the first half of the nineteenth century
D. in the second half of the nineteenth century

46. It is stated in paragraph 1 that Muir is known for

A. his contributions to immigration reform
B. his explorations of the wilderness
C. his efforts to maintain natural areas
D. his extensive studies of the national Parks

47. It is indicated in paragraph 2 that Muir's early education

A. was conducted at home
B. took place in a religious school
C. violated his father's wishes
D. was in a public school
48. It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 that Muir
A. whittled with wood
B. was taught how to whittle by his father
C. whittled mechanical devices
D. was admitted to the university because of his whittling
49. According to paragraph 2, after Muir left the university, it is NOT true that he
A. took a job in a factory
B. suffered an unhealable injury
C. made a decision to quit his job
D. embarked on a long walking tour
50. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as jobs that Muir held EXCEPT
A. a laborer
B. an animal tender
C. a wilderness guide
D. a travel writer
51. It is stated in paragraph 3 that in the years after 1880, Muir
A. took some odd jobs
B. devoted a lot of time to his family
C. gave his wife's parents a ranch
D. spent most of his time preserving the environment
52. It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 4 that Muir
A. had been uninvolved with environmentalists for a period of time
B. was contacted by an editor for The Century
C. worked as an editor for The Century
D. wrote two articles for The Century
53. The camping trip that is discussed in paragraph 4
A. occurred in the 1870s
B. led Muir to areas that he had never before seen
C. took place in areas that were in their natural state
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Le Hong Phong Highschool Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien
ELT Department

D. helped to convince Muir to write the articles

54. It is stated in paragraph 5 that the Enabling Act
A. allowed the president to set aside lands to conserve them
B. became law in 1890
C. called for the establishment of the first three national parks
D. preserved lands for government use
55. According to paragraph 5, it is NOT true that the Sierra Club was founded
A. after the passage of the Enabling Act
B. by John Muir
C. before the turn of the century
D. to move Yosemite to the Sierra Nevada

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Le Hong Phong Highschool Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien
ELT Department