CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (2016-2017) - 1501-2000

Bond Lengths in Crystalline Organic Compounds 9-7

Bond Substructure d m σ q1 qu n Note

C*–N(–C*)–C=O (exo) 1.468 1.471 0.009 1.462 1.477 15 14
nitro compounds (1,2-dinitro omitted):
C–CH2–NO2 1.485 1.483 0.020 1.478 1.502 8
C2–CH–NO2 1.509 1.509 0.011 1.502 1.511 12
C3–C–NO2 1.533 1.533 0.013 1.530 1.539 17
C2–C–(NO2)2 1.537 1.536 0.016 1.525 1.550 19
1,2-dinitro: NO2–C*–C*–NO2 1.552 1.550 0.023 1.536 1.572 32
Csp3–N(2) C#–N=N 1.493 1.493 0.020 1.477 1.506 54
C*–N=C–Car 1.465 1.468 0.011 1.461 1.472 75
Csp2–N(3) C=C–NH2 Nsp2 planar 1.336 1.344 0.017 1.317 1.348 10 23
C=C–NH–C# Nsp2 planar 1.339 1.340 0.016 1.327 1.351 17 23
C=C–N–(C#)2
Nsp2 planar 1.355 1.358 0.014 1.341 1.363 22 23
Nsp3 pyramidal 1.416 1.418 0.018 1.397 1.432 18 22
Csp2–Nsp2 (N planar) in: 23
acyclic amides
NH2–C=O 1.325 1.323 0.009 1.318 1.331 32 14
C*–NH–C=O 1.334 1.333 0.011 1.326 1.343 78 14
(C*)2–N–C=O 1.346 1.342 0.011 1.339 1.356 5 14
β-lactams C*–NH–C=O 1.385 1.388 0.019 1.374 1.396 23 13
γ-lactams
C*–NH–C=O 1.331 1.331 0.011 1.326 1.337 20 13
C*–N(–C*)–C=O 1.347 1.344 0.014 1.335 1.359 15 13
δ-lactams
C*–NH–C=O 1.334 1.334 0.006 1.330 1.339 6 14
(C*)–N(–C*)–C=O 1.352 1.353 0.010 1.344 1.356 15 14
peptides C#–N(–X)–C(–C#)(=O) 1.333 1.334 0.013 1.326 1.340 380 24
ureas
(NH2)2–C=O 1.334 1.334 0.008 1.329 1.339 48 25,26
(C#–NH)2–C=O 1.347 1.345 0.010 1.341 1.354 26 25
[(C#)n–N]2–C=O 1.363 1.359 0.014 1.354 1.370 40 25,27
thioureas 1.346 1.343 0.023 1.328 1.361 192
(X2N)2–C=S
imides
[C#–C(=O)]2–NH 1.376 1.377 0.012 1.369 1.383 64
[C#–C(=O)]2–N–C# 1.389 1.383 0.017 1.376 1.404 38
[Csp2–C(=O)]2–N–C# 1.396 1.396 0.010 1.389 1.403 46
[Csp2–C(=O)]2–N–Csp2 1.409 1.406 0.020 1.391 1.419 28
guanidinium [C–(NH2)3]+ (unsubst.) 1.321 1.320 0.008 1.314 1.327 39
(any subst.) 1.328 1.325 0.015 1.317 1.333 140
in heterocyclic systems (any subst.)
1H-pyrrole (N1–C2, N1–C5) 1.372 1.374 0.016 1.363 1.384 58
indole (N1–C2) 1.370 1.370 0.012 1.364 1.377 40
pyrazole (N1–C5) 1.357 1.359 0.012 1.347 1.365 20
imidazole (N1–C2) 1.349 1.349 0.018 1.338 1.358 44
imidazole (N1–C5) 1.370 1.370 0.010 1.365 1.377 44
Csp2–N(2) in imidazole (N3–C4) 1.376 1.377 0.011 1.369 1.384 44
Car–N(4) Car–N+–(C,H)3 1.465 1.466 0.007 1.461 1.470 23
Car–N(3) Car–NH2
(Nsp2: planar) 1.355 1.360 0.020 1.340 1.372 33 23
(Nsp3: pyramidal) 1.394 1.396 0.011 1.385 1.403 25 22
(overall) 1.375 1.377 0.025 1.363 1.394 98 28
Car–N(3) Car–NH–C#
(Nsp2: planar) 1.353 1.353 0.007 1.347 1.359 16 23
(Nsp3: pyramidal) 1.419 1.423 0.017 1.412 1.432 8 22
(overall) 1.380 1.364 0.032 1.353 1.412 31 28
Car–N–(C#)2
Molecular
(Nsp2: planar) 1.371 1.370 0.016 1.363 1.382 41 23

(Nsp3: pyramidal) 1.426 1.425 0.011 1.421 1.431 22 22
(overall) 1.390 1.385 0.030 1.366 1.420 69 28
in indole (N1–C7a) 1.372 1.372 0.007 1.367 1.376 40
HCP_Section_09.indb 7 4/12/16 7:29 AM

9-8 Bond Lengths in Crystalline Organic Compounds

Car–NO2 1.468 1.469 0.014 1.460 1.476 556
Car–N(2) Car–N=N 1.431 1.435 0.020 1.422 1.442 26
Csp2=N(3) in furoxan (+N2=C3) 1.316 1.316 0.009 1.311 1.324 14
Csp2=N(2) Car–C=N–C# 1.279 1.279 0.008 1.275 1.285 75
(C,H)2–C=N–OH in oximes 1.281 1.280 0.013 1.273 1.288 67
S–C=N–X 1.302 1.302 0.021 1.285 1.319 36
in pyrazole (N2=C3) 1.329 1.331 0.014 1.315 1.339 20
in imidazole (C2=N3) 1.313 1.314 0.011 1.307 1.319 44
in isoxazole (N2=C3) 1.314 1.315 0.009 1.305 1.320 9
in furazan (N2=C3, C4=N5) 1.298 1.299 0.006 1.294 1.303 12
in furoxan (C4=N5) 1.304 1.306 0.008 1.300 1.308 14
Car ≃ N(3) C ≃ N+–H (pyrimidinium) 1.335 1.334 0.015 1.325 1.342 30
C ≃ N+–C* (pyrimidinium) 1.346 1.346 0.010 1.340 1.352 64
C ≃ N+–O– (pyrimidinium) 1.362 1.359 0.013 1.353 1.369 56
Car ≃ N(2) C ≃ N (pyridine) 1.337 1.338 0.012 1.330 1.344 269
C ≃ N (pyrazine) 1.336 1.335 0.022 1.319 1.347 120
C ≃ N ≃ C (pyrimidine) 1.339 1.338 0.015 1.333 1.342 28
N ≃ C ≃ N (pyrimidine) 1.333 1.335 0.013 1.326 1.337 28
C ≃ N (pyrimidine) (overall) in any 6-membered 1.336 1.337 0.014 1.331 1.339 56
N-containing aromatic ring:
H–C ≃ N ≃ C–H 1.334 1.334 0.014 1.327 1.341 146
H–C ≃ N ≃ C–C* 1.339 1.341 0.013 1.336 1.345 38
C*–C ≃ N ≃ C–C* 1.345 1.345 0.008 1.342 1.348 24
C ≃ N ≃ C (overall) 1.336 1.337 0.014 1.329 1.344 204
Csp1≡N(2) X–S–N≡C– (isothiocyanide) 1.144 1.147 0.006 1.140 1.148 6
Csp1≡N(1) C*–C≡N 1.136 1.137 0.010 1.131 1.142 140
C=C–C≡N in TCNQ 1.144 1.144 0.008 1.139 1.149 284 19
Car–C≡N 1.138 1.138 0.007 1.133 1.143 31
X–C≡N 1.144 1.141 0.012 1.138 1.151 10
(S–C≡N)– 1.155 1.156 0.012 1.147 1.165 14
Csp3–O(2) in alcohols
CH3–OH 1.413 1.414 0.018 1.395 1.425 17
C–CH2–OH 1.426 1.426 0.011 1.420 1.431 75
C2–CH–OH 1.432 1.431 0.011 1.425 1.439 266
C3–C–OH 1.440 1.440 0.012 1.432 1.449 106
C*–OH (overall) 1.432 1.431 0.013 1.424 1.441 464
in dialkyl ethers 29
CH3–O–C* 1.416 1.418 0.016 1.405 1.426 110
C–CH2–O–C* 1.426 1.424 0.011 1.418 1.435 34
C2–CH–O–C* 1.429 1.430 0.010 1.420 1.437 53
C3–C–O–C* 1.452 1.450 0.011 1.445 1.458 39
C*–O–C* (overall) 1.426 1.425 0.019 1.414 1.437 236 5
in aryl alkyl ethers 29
CH3–O–Car 1.424 1.424 0.012 1.417 1.431 616
C–CH2–O–Car 1.431 1.430 0.013 1.422 1.438 188
C2–CH–O–Car 1.447 1.446 0.020 1.435 1.466 58
C3–C–O–Car 1.470 1.469 0.018 1.456 1.483 55
C*–O–Car (overall) 1.429 1.427 0.018 1.419 1.436 917
in alkyl esters of carboxylic acids 12,29
CH3–O–C(=O)–C* 1.448 1.449 0.010 1.442 1.455 200
C–CH2–O–C(=O)–C* 1.452 1.453 0.009 1.445 1.458 32
C2–CH–O–C(=O)–C* 1.460 1.460 0.010 1.454 1.465 78
C3–C–O–C(=O)–C* 1.477 1.475 0.008 1.472 1.484 6
C*–O–C(=O)–C* (overall) 1.450 1.451 0.014 1.442 1.459 314
in alkyl esters of α,β-unsaturated acids:
C*–O–C(=O)–C=C (overall) 1.453 1.452 0.013 1.444 1.459 112
in alkyl esters of benzoic acid
Molecular
C*–O–C(=O)–C(phenyl) (overall) 1.454 1.454 0.012 1.446 1.463 219

in ring systems
oxirane (epoxides) (any subst.) 1.446 1.446 0.014 1.438 1.456 498 9


oxetane (any subst.) 1.463 1.460 0.015 1.451 1.474 16
tetrahydrofuran (C,H subst.) 1.442 1.441 0.017 1.430 1.451 154
Csp3–O(2) tetrahydropyran (C,H subst.) 1.441 1.442 0.015 1.431 1.451 22
β-lactones: C*–O–C(=O) 1.492 1.494 0.010 1.481 1.501 4 16
γ-lactones: C*–O–C(=O) 1.464 1.464 0.012 1.455 1.473 110 12
δ-lactones: C*–O–C(=O) 1.461 1.464 0.017 1.452 1.473 27 12
O–C–O system in gem-diols, and pyranose and 30,31
furanose sugars:
HO–C*–OH 1.397 1.401 0.012 1.388 1.405 18
C5–O5–C1–O1H in pyranoses
O1 axial (α):
C5–O5 1.439 1.440 0.008 1.432 1.445 29
O5–C1 1.427 1.426 0.012 1.421 1.432 29
C1–O1 1.403 1.400 0.012 1.391 1.412 29
O1 equatorial (β):
C5–O5 1.435 1.436 0.008 1.429 1.440 17
O5–C1 1.430 1.431 0.010 1.424 1.436 17
C1–O1 1.393 1.393 0.007 1.386 1.399 17
α + β (overall):
C5–O5 1.439 1.440 0.008 1.432 1.446 60
O5–C1 1.430 1.429 0.012 1.421 1.436 60
C1–O1 1.401 1.399 0.011 1.392 1.407 60
C4–O4–C1–O1H in furanoses (overall values)
C4–O4 1.442 1.446 0.012 1.436 1.449 18
O4–C1 1.432 1.432 0.012 1.421 1.443 18
C1–O1 1.404 1.405 0.013 1.397 1.409 18
C5–O5–C1–O1–C* in pyranoses
O1 axial (α):
C5–O5 1.439 1.438 0.010 1.433 1.446 67
O5–C1 1.417 1.417 0.009 1.410 1.424 67
C1–O1 1.409 1.409 0.014 1.401 1.417 67
O1–C* 1.435 1.435 0.013 1.427 1.443 67
O1 equatorial (β):
C5–O5 1.434 1.435 0.006 1.429 1.439 39
O5–C1 1.424 1.424 0.008 1.418 1.431 39
C1–O1 1.390 1.390 0.011 1.381 1.400 39
O1–C* 1.437 1.438 0.013 1.428 1.445 39
α + β (overall):
C5–O5 1.436 1.436 0.009 1.431 1.442 126
O5–C1 1.419 1.419 0.011 1.412 1.426 126
C1–O1 1.402 1.403 0.016 1.391 1.413 126
O1–C* 1.436 1.436 0.013 1.428 1.445 126
C4–O4–C1–O1–C* in furanoses (overall values)
C4–O4 1.443 1.445 0.013 1.429 1.453 23
O4–C1 1.421 1.418 0.012 1.413 1.431 23
C1–O1 1.410 1.409 0.014 1.401 1.420 23
O1–C* 1.439 1.437 0.014 1.429 1.449 23
Miscellaneous:
C#–O–SiX3 1.416 1.416 0.017 1.405 1.428 29
C*–O–SO2–C 1.465 1.461 0.014 1.454 1.475 33
Csp2–O(2) in enols: C=C–OH 1.333 1.331 0.017 1.324 1.342 53
in enol esters: C=C–O–C* 1.354 1.353 0.016 1.341 1.363 40
in acids:
C*–C(=O)–OH 1.308 1.311 0.019 1.298 1.320 174
C=C–C(=O)–OH 1.293 1.295 0.019 1.279 1.307 22
Car–C(=O)–OH 1.305 1.311 0.020 1.291 1.317 75
in esters:
Molecular
C*–C(=O)–O–C* 1.336 1.337 0.014 1.328 1.346 551 12,29

C=C–C(=O)–O–C* 1.332 1.331 0.011 1.324 1.339 112
Car–C(=O)–O–C* 1.337 1.335 0.013 1.329 1.344 219 12
C*–C(=O)–O–C=C 1.362 1.359 0.018 1.351 1.374 26


C*–C(=O)–O–C=C 1.407 1.405 0.017 1.394 1.420 26
C*–C(=O)–O–Car 1.360 1.359 0.011 1.355 1.367 40 12
in anhydrides: O=C–O–C=O 1.386 1.386 0.011 1.379 1.393 70
in ring systems:
furan (O1–C2, O1–C5) 1.368 1.369 0.015 1.359 1.377 125
isoxazole (O1–C5) 1.354 1.354 0.010 1.345 1.360 9
β-lactones: C*–C(=O)–O–C* 1.359 1.359 0.013 1.348 1.371 4 13
γ-lactones: C*–C(=O)–O–C* 1.350 1.349 0.012 1.342 1.359 110 12
δ-lactones: C*–C(=O)–O–C* 1.339 1.339 0.016 1.332 1.347 27 12
Car–O(2) in phenols: Car–OH 1.362 1.364 0.015 1.353 1.373 551
in aryl alkyl ethers: Car–O–C* 1.370 1.370 0.011 1.363 1.377 920 29,32
Car–O(2) in diaryl ethers: Car–O–Car 1.384 1.381 0.014 1.375 1.391 132
in esters: Car–O–C(=O)–C* 1.401 1.401 0.010 1.394 1.408 40 12
Csp2=O(1) in aldehydes and ketones:
C*–CH=O 1.192 1.192 0.005 1.188 1.197 7
(C*)2–C=O 1.210 1.210 0.008 1.206 1.215 474 5
(C#)2–C=O
in cyclobutanones 1.198 1.198 0.007 1.194 1.204 12
in cyclopentanones 1.208 1.208 0.007 1.203 1.212 155
in cyclohexanones 1.211 1.211 0.009 1.207 1.216 312
C=C–C=O 1.222 1.222 0.010 1.216 1.229 225
(C=C)2–C=O 1.233 1.229 0.010 1.226 1.242 28
Car–C=O 1.221 1.218 0.014 1.212 1.229 85
(Car)2–C=O 1.230 1.226 0.015 1.220 1.238 66
C=O in benzoquinones 1.222 1.220 0.013 1.211 1.231 86
delocalized double bonds in carboxylate anions:
H–C ≃ O2– (formate) 1.242 1.243 0.012 1.234 1.252 24
C*–C ≃ O2– 1.254 1.253 0.010 1.247 1.261 114
C=C–C ≃ O2– 1.250 1.248 0.017 1.238 1.261 52
Car–C ≃ O2– 1.255 1.253 0.010 1.249 1.262 22
HOOC–C ≃ O2– (hydrogen oxalate) 1.243 1.247 0.015 1.232 1.256 26
–O2 ≃ C–C ≃ O2– (oxalate) 1.251 1.251 0.007 1.248 1.254 18
in carboxylic acids (X–COOH)
C*–C(=O)–OH 1.214 1.214 0.019 1.203 1.224 175
C=C–C(=O)–OH 1.229 1.226 0.017 1.218 1.237 22
Car–C(=O)–OH 1.226 1.223 0.020 1.211 1.241 75
in esters:
C*–C(=O)–O–C* 1.196 1.196 0.010 1.190 1.202 551 12
C=C–C(=O)–O–C* 1.199 1.198 0.009 1.193 1.203 113
Car–C(=O)–O–C* 1.202 1.201 0.009 1.196 1.207 218 12
C*–C(=O)–O–C=C 1.190 1.190 0.014 1.184 1.198 26
C*–C(=O)–O–Car 1.187 1.188 0.011 1.181 1.195 40 12
in anhydrides: O=C–O–C=O 1.187 1.187 0.010 1.184 1.193 70
in β-lactones: C*–C(=O)–O–C* 1.193 1.193 0.006 1.187 1.198 4 13
γ-lactones: C*–C(=O)–O–C* 1.201 1.202 0.009 1.196 1.206 109 12
δ-lactones: C*–C(=O)–O–C* 1.205 1.207 0.008 1.201 1.209 27 12
in amides:
NH2–C(–C*)=O 1.234 1.233 0.012 1.225 1.243 32 14
(C*–)(C*,H–)N–C(–C*)=O 1.231 1.231 0.012 1.224 1.238 378 14
β-lactams: C*–NH–C=O 1.198 1.200 0.012 1.193 1.204 23 13
γ-lactams:
C*–NH–C=O 1.235 1.235 0.008 1.232 1.240 20 13
C*–N(–C*)–C=O 1.225 1.226 0.011 1.217 1.233 15 13
δ-lactams:
C*–NH–C=O 1.240 1.241 0.003 1.237 1.243 6 14
C*–N(–C*)–C=O 1.233 1.233 0.007 1.229 1.239 15 14
in ureas:
Molecular
(NH)2)2–C=O 1.256 1.256 0.007 1.249 1.261 24 25,26

(C#–NH)2–C=O 1.241 1.237 0.011 1.235 1.245 13 25
[(C#)n–N]2–C=O 1.230 1.230 0.007 1.224 1.234 20 25,27
Csp3–P(4) C3–P+–C* 1.800 1.802 0.015 1.790 1.812 35 33


C2–P(=O)–CH3 1.791 1.790 0.006 1.786 1.795 10
C2–P(=O)–CH2–C 1.806 1.806 0.009 1.801 1.813 45
C2–P(=O)–CH–C2 1.821 1.821 0.009 1.815 1.828 15
C2–P(=O)–C–C3 1.841 1.842 0.008 1.835 1.847 14
C2–P(=O)–C* (overall) 1.813 1.811 0.017 1.800 1.822 84
Csp3–P(3) C2–P–C* 1.855 1.857 0.019 1.840 1.870 23
Car–P(4) C3–P+–Car 1.793 1.792 0.011 1.786 1.800 276
C2–P(=O)–Car 1.801 1.802 0.011 1.796 1.807 98
Ph3–P=N+=P–Ph3 1.795 1.795 0.008 1.789 1.800 197
Car–P(3) C2–P–Car 1.836 1.837 0.010 1.830 1.844 102
(N≃)2P–Car(P ≃ N aromatic) 1.795 1.793 0.011 1.788 1.803 43
Csp3–S(4) C*–SO2–C (C* = CH3 excluded) 1.786 1.782 0.018 1.774 1.797 75
C*–SO2–C (overall) 1.779 1.778 0.020 1.764 1.790 94
C*–SO2–O–X 1.745 1.744 0.009 1.738 1.754 7 34
C*–SO2–N–X2 1.758 1.756 0.018 1.746 1.773 17 34
Csp3–S(3) C*–S(=O)–C (C* = CH3 excluded) 1.818 1.814 0.024 1.802 1.829 69
C*–S(=O)–C (overall) 1.809 1.806 0.025 1.793 1.820 88
CH3–S+–X2 1.786 1.787 0.007 1.779 1.792 21
C*–S+–X2 (C* = CH3 excluded) 1.823 1.820 0.016 1.812 1.834 18
C*–S+–X2 (overall) 1.804 1.794 0.025 1.788 1.820 41
Csp3–S(2) C*–SH 1.808 1.805 0.010 1.800 1.819 6
CH3–S–C* 1.789 1.787 0.008 1.784 1.794 9
Csp3–S(2) C–CH2–S–C* 1.817 1.816 0.013 1.808 1.824 92
C2–CH–S–C* 1.819 1.819 0.011 1.811 1.825 32
C3–C–S–C* 1.856 1.860 0.011 1.854 1.863 26
C*–S–C* (overall) 1.819 1.817 0.019 1.809 1.827 242
in thiirane 1.834 1.835 0.025 1.810 1.858 4 9
in thiirane: see ZCMXSP (1.817, 1.844)
in tetrahydrothiophene 1.827 1.826 0.018 1.811 1.837 20
in tetrahydrothiopyran 1.823 1.821 0.014 1.812 1.832 24
C–CH2–S–S–X 1.823 1.820 0.014 1.813 1.832 41
C3–C–S–S–X 1.863 1.865 0.015 1.848 1.878 11
C*–S–S–X (overall) 1.833 1.828 0.022 1.818 1.848 59
Csp2–S(2) C=C–S–C* 1.751 1.755 0.017 1.740 1.764 61
C=C–S–C=C (in tetrathiafulvalene) 1.741 1.741 0.011 1.733 1.750 88
C=C–S–C=C (in thiophene) 1.712 1.712 0.013 1.703 1.722 60
O=C–S–C# 1.762 1.759 0.018 1.747 1.778 20
Car–S(4) Car–SO2–C 1.763 1.764 0.009 1.756 1.769 96
Car–SO2–O–X 1.752 1.750 0.008 1.749 1.756 27
Car–SO2–N–X2 1.758 1.759 0.013 1.749 1.765 106 35
Car–S(3) Car–S(=O)–C 1.790 1.790 0.010 1.783 1.798 41
Car–S+–X2 1.778 1.779 0.010 1.771 1.787 10
Car–S(2) Car–S–C* 1.773 1.774 0.009 1.765 1.779 44
Car–S–Car 1.768 1.767 0.010 1.762 1.774 158
Car–S–Car (in phenothiazine) 1.764 1.764 0.008 1.760 1.769 48
Car–S–S–X 1.777 1.777 0.012 1.767 1.785 47
Csp1–S(2) N≡C–S–X 1.679 1.683 0.026 1.645 1.698 10
Csp1–S(1) (N≡C–S)– 1.630 1.630 0.014 1.619 1.641 14
Csp2=S(1) (C*)2–C=S: see IPMUDS (1.599)
(Car)2–C=S: see CELDOM (1.611)
(X)2–C=S (X = C,N,O,S) 1.671 1.675 0.024 1.656 1.689 245
X2N–C(=S)–S–X 1.660 1.660 0.016 1.648 1.674 38
(X2N)2–C=S (thioureas) 1.681 1.684 0.020 1.669 1.693 96
N–C(≃S)2 1.720 1.721 0.012 1.709 1.731 20
Csp3–Se C#–Se 1.970 1.967 0.032 1.948 1.998 21
Csp2–Se(2) C=C–Se–C=C (in tetraselenafulvalene) 1.893 1.895 0.013 1.882 1.902 32
Car–Se(3) Ph3–Se+ 1.930 1.929 0.006 1.924 1.936 13
Molecular
Csp3–Si(5) C#–Si––X4 1.874 1.876 0.015 1.859 1.884 9

Csp3–Si(4) CH3–Si–X3 1.857 1.857 0.018 1.848 1.869 552
C*–Si–X3 (C* = CH3 excluded) 1.888 1.887 0.023 1.872 1.905 124
C*–Si–X3 (overall) 1.863 1.861 0.024 1.850 1.875 681


Car–Si(4) Car–Si–X3 1.868 1.868 0.014 1.857 1.878 178
Csp1–Si(4) C≡C–Si–X3 1.837 1.840 0.012 1.824 1.849 8
Csp3–Te C#–Te 2.158 2.159 0.030 2.128 2.177 13
Car–Te Car–Te 2.116 2.115 0.020 2.104 2.130 72
Csp2=Te see CEDCUJ (2.044)
Cl–Cl see PHASCL (2.306, 2.227)
Cl–I see CMBIDZ (2.563), HXPASC (2.541, 2.513),
METAMM (2.552), BQUINI (2.416, 2.718)
Cl–N see BECTAE (1.743–1.757), BOGPOC (1.705)
Cl–O(1) in CIO–4 1.414 1.419 0.026 1.403 1.431 252
Cl–P (N≃)2P–Cl (N ≃ P aromatic) 1.997 1.994 0.015 1.989 2.004 46
Cl–P (overall) 2.008 2.001 0.035 1.986 2.028 111
Cl–S Cl–S (overall) 2.072 2.079 0.023 2.047 2.091 6
see also longer bonds in CILSAR (2.283), BIHXIZ
(2.357), CANLUY (2.749)
Cl–Se see BIRGUE10, BIRHAL10, CTCNSE (2.234–2.851)
Cl–Si(4) Cl–Si–X3 (monochloro) 2.072 2.075 0.009 2.066 2.078 5
Cl2–Si–X2 and Cl3–Si–X 2.020 2.012 0.015 2.007 2.036 5
Cl–Te Cl–Te in range 2.34–2.60 2.520 2.515 0.034 2.493 2.537 22 36
see also longer bonds in BARRIV, BOJPUL, CETUTE,
EPHTEA, OPNTEC10 (2.73–2.94)
F–N(3) F–N–C2 and F2–N–C 1.406 1.404 0.016 1.395 1.416 9
F–P(6) in hexafluorophosphate, PF–6 1.579 1.587 0.025 1.563 1.598 72
F–P(3) (N≃)2P–F(N ≃ P aromatic) 1.495 1.497 0.016 1.481 1.510 10
F–S 43 observations in range 1.409–1.770 in a wide variety 1.640 1.646 0.011 1.626 1.649 6
of environments; F–S(6) in F2–SO2–C2 (see
FPSULF10, BETJOZ)
F–S(4) in F2–S(=O)–N (see BUDTEZ) 1.527 1.528 0.004 1.524 1.530 24 37
F–Si(6) in SiF62 – 1.694 1.701 0.013 1.677 1.703 6
F–Si(5) F–Si––X4 1.636 1.639 0.035 1.602 1.657 10
F–Si(4) F–Si–X3 1.588 1.587 0.014 1.581 1.599 24
F–Te see CUCPlZ (F–Te(6) = 1.942, 1.937), FPHTEL(F–
Te(4) = 2.006)
H–N(4) X3–N+–H 1.033 1.036 0.022 1.026 1.045 87 21
H–N(3) X3–N–H 1.009 1.010 0.019 0.997 1.023 95 21
H–O(2) in alcohols C*–O–H 0.967 0.969 0.010 0.959 0.974 63 21
C#–O–H 0.967 0.970 0.010 0.959 0.974 73 21
in acids O=C–O–H 1.015 1.017 0.017 1.001 1.031 16 21,38
I–I in I–3 2.917 2.918 0.011 2.907 2.927 6
I–N see BZPRIB, CMBIDZ, HMTITI, HMTNTI,
IFORAM, IODMAM (2.042–2.475)
I–O X–I–O(see BZPRIB, CAJMAB, IBZDAC11) 2.144 2.144 0.028 2.127 2.164 6
for IO–6 see BOVMEE (1.829–1.912)
I–P(3) see CEHKAB (2.490–2.493) †
I–S sec DTHIBR10 (2.687), ISUREA10 (2.629), BZTPPI
(3.251)
I–Te(4) I–Te–X3 2.926 2.928 0.026 2.902 2.944 8
N(4)–N(3) X3–N+–N0–X2 (N0 planar) 1.414 1.414 0.005 1.412 1.418 13
N(3)–N(3) (C)(C,H)–Na–Nb(C)(C,H) 5,39
Na, Nb pyramidal 1.454 1.452 0.021 1.444 1.457 44 40
Na pyramidal, Nb planar 1.420 1.420 0.015 1.407 1.433 68 40
Na, Nb planar 1.401 1.401 0.018 1.384 1.418 40 40
overall 1.425 1.425 0.027 1.407 1.443 139
N(3)–N(2) in pyrazole (N1–N2) 1.366 1.366 0.019 1.350 1.375 20
in pyridaznium (Nl+≃N2) 1.350 1.349 0.010 1.345 1.361 7
N(2) ≃ N(2) N ≃ N (aromatic) in pyridazine
with C,H as ortho substituents 1.304 1.300 0.019 1.287 1.326 6
with N,Cl as ortho substituents 1.368 1.373 0.011 1.362 1.375 9
Molecular
N(2)=N(2) C#–N=N–C#
cis 1.245 1.244 0.009 1.239 1.252 21
trans 1.222 1.222 0.006 1.218 1.227 6
(overall) 1.240 1.241 0.012 1.230 1.251 27


Car–N=N–Car 1.255 1.253 0.016 1.247 1.262 13
X–N=N=N (azides) 1.216 1.226 0.028 1.202 1.237 19
N(2)=N(1) X–N=N=N (azides) 1.124 1.128 0.015 1.114 1.137 19
N(3)–O(2) (C,H)2–N–OH (Nsp2: planar) 1.396 1.394 0.012 1.390 1.401 28
C2–N–O–C
(Nsp3: pyramidal) 1.463 1.465 0.012 1.457 1.468 22
(Nsp2: planar) 1.397 1.394 0.011 1.388 1.409 12
in furoxan (N2–O1) 1.438 1.436 0.009 1.430 1.447 14
N(3)–O(1) (C≃)2N+–O– in pyridine N-oxides 1.304 1.299 0.015 1.291 1.316 11
in furoxan (+N2–O6–) 1.234 1.234 0.008 1.228 1.240 14
N(2)–O(2) in oximes
(C#)2–C=N–OH 1.416 1.418 0.006 1.416 1.420 7
(H)(Csp2)–C=N–OH 1.390 1.390 0.011 1.380 1.401 20
(C#)(Csp2)–C=N–OH 1.402 1.403 0.010 1.393 1.410 18
(Csp2)2–C=N–OH 1.378 1.377 0.017 1.365 1.393 16
(C,H)2–C=N–OH (overall) 1.394 1.395 0.018 1.379 1.408 67
in furazan (O1–N2, O1–N5) 1.385 1.383 0.013 1.378 1.392 12
in furoxan (O1–N5) 1.380 1.380 0.011 1.370 1.388 14
in isoxazole (O1–N2) 1.425 1.425 0.010 1.417 1.434 9
N(3)=O(1) in nitrate ions NO3– 1.239 1.240 0.020 1.227 1.251 105
in nitro groups
C*–NO2 1.212 1.214 0.012 1.206 1.221 84
C#–NO2 1.210 1.210 0.011 1.203 1.218 251
Car–NO2 1.217 1.218 0.011 1.211 1.215 1116
C–NO2 (overall) 1.218 1.219 0.013 1.210 1.226 1733
N(3)–P(4) X2–P(=X)–NX2
Nsp2: planar 1.652 1.651 0.024 1.634 1.670 205
Nsp3: pyramidal 1.683 1.683 0.005 1.680 1.686 6
(overall) 1.662 1.662 0.029 1.639 1.682 358
subsets of this group are:
O2–P(=S)–NX2 1.628 1.624 0.015 1.615 1.634 9
C–P(=S)–(NX2)2 1.691 1.694 0.018 1.678 1.703 28
O–P(=S)–(NX2)2 1.652 1.654 0.014 1.642 1.664 28
P(=O)–(NX2)3 1.663 1.668 0.026 1.640 1.679 78
N(3)–P(3) –NX–P(–X)–NX–P(–X)–(P2N2 ring) 1.730 1.721 0.017 1.716 1.748 20
–NX–P(=S)–NX–P(=S)–(P2N2 ring) 1.697 1.697 0.015 1.690 1.703 44
in P-substituted phosphazenes:
(N≃)2P–N (amino) (aziridinyl) 1.637 1.638 0.014 1.625 1.651 16
1.672 1.674 0.010 1.665 1.676 15
N(2)=P(4) Ph3–P=N+=P–Ph3 1.571 1.573 0.013 1.563 1.580 66
N(2)=P(3) Ph3–P=N–C,S 1.599 1.597 0.018 1.580 1.615 7
N(2) ≃ P(3) N ≃ P aromatic
in phosphazenes 1.582 1.582 0.019 1.571 1.594 126
in P ≃ N ≃ S 1.604 1.606 0.009 1.594 1.612 36
N(3)–S(4) C–SO2–NH2 1.600 1.601 0.012 1.591 1.610 14 35
C–SO2–NH–C# 1.633 1.633 0.019 1.615 1.652 47 35
C–SO2–N–C(#)2 1.642 1.641 0.024 1.623 1.659 38 35
N(3)–S(2) C–S–NX2 Nsp2: planar 1.710 1.707 0.019 1.698 1.722 22 23
(for Nsp3 pyramidal see MODIAZ: 1.765)
X–S–NX2 Nsp2: planar 1.707 1.705 0.012 1.699 1.715 30 23
N(2)–S(2) C=N–S–X 1.656 1.663 0.027 1.632 1.677 36
N(2) ≃ S(2) N ≃ S aromatic in P ≃ N ≃ S 1.560 1.558 0.011 1.554 1.563 37
N(2)=S(2) N=S in N=S=N and N=S=S 1.541 1.546 0.022 1.521 1.558 37
N(3)–SE see COJCUZ (1.830), DSEMOR10 (1.846, 1.852),
MORTRS10 (1.841)
N(2)–Se see SEBZQI (1.805), NAPSEZ10 (1.809, 1.820)
N(2)=Se see CISMUM (1.790, 1.791)
Molecular
N(3)–Si(5) see DMESIP01, BOJLER, CASSAQ, CASYOK,

CECXEN, CINTEY, CIPBUY, FMESIB,
MNPSIL, PNPOSI (1.973–2.344)
N(3)–Si(4) X3–Si–NX2 (overall) 1.748 1.746 0.022 1.735 1.757 170
subsets of this group are:


X3–Si–NHX 1.714 1.719 0.014 1.702 1.727 16
X3–Si–NX–Si–X3 acyclic 1.743 1.744 0.016 1.731 1.755 45
N–Si–N in 4-membered rings 1.742 1.742 0.009 1.735 1.748 53
N–Si–N in 5-membered rings 1.741 1.742 0.019 1.726 1.749 33
N(2)–Si(4) X3–Si–N––Si–X3 1.711 1.712 0.019 1.693 1.729 15
N–Te see ACLTEP (2.402), BIBLAZ (1.980), CESSAU
(2.023)
O(2)–O(2) C*–O–O–C*,H
τ(OO) = 70–85º 1.464 1.464 0.009 1.458 1.472 12
τ(OO) ca. 180º 1.482 1.480 0.005 1.478 1.486 5
overall 1.469 1.471 0.012 1.461 1.478 17
O=C–O–O–C=O see ACBZPO01 (1.446), CEYLUN
(1.452), CIMHIP (1.454)
Si–O–O–Si 1.496 1.499 0.005 1.490 1.499 10
O(2)–P(5) X–P–(OX)4 41
trigonal bipyramidal:
axial 1.689 1.685 0.024 1.675 1.712 20
equatorial 1.619 1.622 0.024 1.604 1.628 20
square pyramidal 1.662 1.661 0.020 1.649 1.673 28
O(2)–P(4) C–O–P(≃ O)32 – 1.621 1.622 0.007 1.615 1.628 12
(H–O)2–P(≃ O)2– 1.560 1.561 0.009 1.555 1.566 16
(C–O)2–P(≃ O)2– 1.608 1.607 0.013 1.599 1.615 16
(C#–O)3–P=O 1.558 1.554 0.011 1.550 1.564 30
(Car–O)3–P=O 1.587 1.588 0.014 1.572 1.599 19
X–O–P(=O)–(C,N)2 1.590 1.585 0.016 1.577 1.601 33
(X–O)2–P(=O)–(C,N) 1.571 1.572 0.013 1.563 1.579 70
O(2)–P(3) (N≃)2P–O–C (N ≃ P aromatic) 1.573 1.573 0.011 1.563 1.584 16
O(1)=P(4) C–O–P(≃ O)32– (delocalized) 1.513 1.512 0.008 1.508 1.518 42
(H–O)2–P(≃ O)2– (delocalized) 1.503 1.503 0.005 1.499 1.508 16
(C–O)2–P(≃ O)2– (delocalized) 1.483 1.485 0.008 1.474 1.490 16
(C–O)3–P=O 1.449 1.448 0.007 1.446 1.452 18
C3–P=O 1.489 1.486 0.010 1.481 1.496 72
N3–P=O 1.461 1.462 0.014 1.449 1.470 26
(C)2(N)–P=O 1.487 1.489 0.007 1.479 1.493 5
(C,N)2(O)–P=O 1.467 1.462 0.007 1.462 1.472 33
(C,N)(O)2–P=O 1.457 1.458 0.009 1.454 1.462 35
O(2)–S(4) C–O–SO2–C 1.577 1.576 0.015 1.566 1.584 41
C–O–SO2–CH3 1.569 1.569 0.013 1.556 1.582 7
C–O–SO2–Car 1.580 1.578 0.015 1.571 1.588 27
O(1)=S(4) C–SO2–C 1.436 1.437 0.010 1.431 1.442 316 42
X–SO2–NX2 1.428 1.428 0.010 1.422 1.434 326
C–SO2–N–(C,H)2 1.430 1.430 0.009 1.425 1.435 206
C–SO2–O–C 1.423 1.423 0.008 1.418 1.428 82
in SO42– 1.472 1.473 0.013 1.463 1.481 104
O(1)=S(3) C–S(=O)–C 1.497 1.498 0.013 1.489 1.505 90 5
O–Se see BAPPAJ, BIRGUE10, BIRHAL10, CXMSEO,
DGLYSE, SPSEBU (1.597 for O=Se to 1.974
for O–Se)
O(2)–Si(5) (X–O)3–Si–(N)(C) 1.663 1.658 0.023 1.650 1.665 21
O(2)–Si(4) X3–Si–O–X (overall) 1.631 1.630 0.022 1.617 1.646 191
O(2)–Si(4) subsets of this group are:
X3–Si–O–C# 1.645 1.647 0.012 1.634 1.652 29
X3–Si–O–Si–X3 1.622 1.625 0.014 1.614 1.631 70
X3–Si–O–O–Si–X3 1.680 1.676 0.008 1.673 1.688 10
O(2)–Te(6) (X–O)6–Te 1.927 1.927 0.020 1.908 1.942 16
O(2)–Te(4) (X–O)2–Te–X2 2.133 2.136 0.054 2.078 2.177 12
P(4)–P(4) X3–P–P–X3 2.256 2.259 0.025 2.243 2.277 6
P(4)–P(3) see CECHEX (2.197), COZPIQ (2.249)
Molecular
P(3)–P(3) X2–P–P–X2 2.214 2.210 0.022 2.200 2.224 41

P(4)=P(4) see BUTSUE (2.054)
P(3)=P(3) see BALXOB (2.034)


P(4)=S(1) C3–P=S 1.954 1.952 0.005 1.950 1.957 13
(N,O)2(C)–P=S 1.922 1.924 0.014 1.913 1.927 26
(N,O)3–P=S 1.913 1.914 0.014 1.906 1.921 50
P(4)=Se(1) X3–P=Se 2.093 2.099 0.019 2.075 2.108 12
P(3)–Si(4) X2–P–Si–X3: 3- and 4-rings 2.264 2.260 0.019 2.249 2.283 22
excluded (see BOPFER, BOPFIV, CASTOF10,
COZVIW: 2.201–2.317)
P(4)=Te(1) see MOPHTE (2.356), TTEBPZ (2.327)
S(2)–S(2) C–S–S–C
τ(SS) = 75–105º 2.031 2.029 0.015 2.021 2.038 46
τ(SS) = 0–20º 2.070 2.068 0.022 2.057 2.077 28
(overall) 2.048 2.045 0.026 2.028 2.068 99
in polysulphide chain–S–S–S– 2.051 2.050 0.022 2.037 2.065 126
S(2)–S(1) X–N=S–S 1.897 1.896 0.012 1.887 1.908 5
S–Se(4) see BUWZUO (2.264, 2.269)
S–Se(2) X–Se–S (any) 2.193 2.195 0.015 2.174 2.207 9
S(2)–Si(4) X3–Si–S–X 2.145 2.138 0.020 2.130 2.158 19
S(2)–Te X–S–Te (any) 2.405 2.406 0.022 2.383 2.424 10
X=S–Te (any) 2.682 2.686 0.035 2.673 2.694 28
Se(2)–Se(2) X–Se–Se–X 2.340 2.340 0.024 2.315 2.361 15
Se(2)–Te(2) see BAWFUA, BAWGAH (2.524–2.561) †
Si(4)–Si(4) X3–Si–Si–X3 3–membered rings excluded: see 2.359 2.359 0.012 2.349 2.366 42
CIHRAM (2.511)
Te–Te see CAHJOK (2.751, 2.704)
† The standard deviation in the sample for the bond type is greater than for the other entries.
Appendix 1. (Footnotes to Table) 18. Other conjugative substituents excluded.

19. TCNQ is tetracyanoquinodimethane.
1. Sample dominated by B–CH3. For longer bonds in B––CH3 see 20. No difference detected between C2 ≃ C3 and C3 ≃ C4 bonds.
LITMEB10 [B(4)–CH3 = 1.621–1.644Å]. 21. Derived from neutron diffraction results only.
2. p(π)–p(π) Bonding with Bsp2 and Nsp2 coplanar (τBN = 0 ± 15º) pre- 22. Nsp3: pyramidal; mean valence angle at N is in range 108–114º.
dominates. See G. Schmidt, R. Boese, and D. Bläser, Z. Naturforsch., 23. Nsp2: planar; mean valence angle at N is ≥ 117.5º.
1982, 37b, 1230. 24. Cyclic and acyclic peptides.
3. 84 observations range from 1.38 to 1.61 Å and individual values de- 25. See R. H. Blessing, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 2776.
pend on substituents on B and O. For a discussion of borinic acid ad- 26. See L. Lebioda, Acta Crystallogr., 1980, B36, 271.
ducts see S. J. Rettig and J. Trotter, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 2957. 27. n = 3 or 4, i.e. tri- or tetra-substituted ureas.
4. See M. Kaftory in The Chemistry of Functional Groups. Supplement D: 28. Overall value also includes structures with mean valence angle at N in
The Chemistry of Halides, Pseudohalides, and Azides, S. Patai and Z. the range 115–118º.
Rappoport, Eds., Wiley: New York, 1983, Part 2, ch. 24. 29. See F. H. Allen and A. J. Kirby, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 6197.
5. Bonds which are endocyclic or exocyclic to any 3- or 4-membered 30. See A. J. Kirby, ‘The Anomeric Effect and Related Stereoelectronic
rings have been omitted from all averages in this section. Effects at Oxygen,’ Springer, Berlin, 1983.
6. The overall average given here is for Csp3–Csp3 bonds which carry 31. See B. Fuchs, L. Schleifer, and E. Tartakovsky, Nouv. J. Chim., 1984, 8,
only C or H substituents. The value cited reflects the relative abun- 275.
dance of each ‘substitution’ group. The ‘mean of means’ for the 9 sub- 32. See S. C. Nyburg and C. H. Faerman, J. Mol. Struct., 1986, 140, 347.
groups is 1.538 (σ = 0.022) Å. 33. Sample dominated by P–CH3 and P–CH2–C.
7. See F. H. Allen, (a) Acta Crystallogr., 1980, B36, 81; (b) 1981, B37, 890. 34. Sample dominated by C* = methyl.
8. See F. H. Allen, Acta Crystallogr., 1984, B40, 64. 35. See A. Kalman, M. Czugler, and G. Argay, Acta Crystallogr., 1981,
9. See F. H. Allen, Tetrahedron, 1982, 38, 2843. B37, 868.
10. See F. H. Allen, Tetrahedron, 1982, 38, 645. 36. Bimodal distribution resolved into 22 ‘short’ bonds and 5 longer
11. Cyclopropanones and cyclobutanones excluded. outliers.
12. See W. B. Schweizer and J. D. Dunitz, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1982, 65, 1547. 37. All 24 observations come from BUDTEZ.
13. See L. Norskov-Lauritsen, H.-B. Bürgi, P. Hoffmann, and H. R. 38. ‘Long’ O–H bonds in centrosymmetric O---H---O H–bonded dimers
Schmidt, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1985, 68, 76. are excluded.
14. See P. Chakrabarti and J. D. Dunitz, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1982, 65, 1555. 39. N–N bond length also dependent on torsion angle about N–N bond
15. See J. L. Hencher in The Chemistry of the C≡C Triple Bond, S. Patai, and on nature of substituent C atoms; these effects are ignored here.
Ed., Wiley, New York, 1978, ch. 2. 40. N pyramidal has average angle at N in range 100–113.5º; N planar has
16. Conjugated: torsion angle about central C–C single bond is 0 ± 20º average angle of ≥ 117.5º.
(cis) or 180 ± 20º (trans). 41. See R. R. Holmes and J. A. Deiters, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99,
17. Unconjugated: torsion angle about central C–C single bond is 20– 3318.
160º. 42. No detectable variation in S=O bond length with type of C-substituent.
Molecular

Appendix 2
Short-form references to individual CSD entries cited by reference code in the Table. A full list of CSD bibliographic entries is given
in SUP 56701.
ACBZPO01 J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 6729. CIWYIQ Inorg. Chem., 1984, 23, 1946.
ACLTEP J. Organomet. Chem., 1980, 184, 417. CIYFOF Inorg. Chem., 1984, 23, 1790.
ASAZOC Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1979, 249, 120. CMBIDZ J. Org. Chem., 1979, 44, 1447.
BALXOB J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 4587. CODDEE Z. Naturforsch., Teil B, 1984, 39, 1257.
BAPPAJ Inorg. Chem., 1981, 20, 3071. CODDII Z. Naturforsch., Teil B, 1984, 39, 1257.
BARRIV Acta Chem. Scand., Ser. A, 1981, 35, 443. COFVOI Z. Naturforsch., Teil B, 1984, 39, 1027.
BAWFUA Cryst. Struct. Commun., 1981, 10, 1345. COJCUZ Chem. Ber., 1984, 117, 2686.
BAWGAH Cryst. Struct. Commun., 1981, 10, 1353. COSDIX Z. Naturforsch., Teil B, 1984, 39, 1344.
BECTAE J. Org. Chem., 1981, 46, 5048, 1981. COZPIQ Chem. Ber., 1984, 117, 2063.
BELNIP Z. Naturforsch., Teil B, 1982, 37, 299. COZVIW Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1984, 515, 7.
BEMLIO Chem. Ber., 1982, 115, 1126. CTCNSE J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 5430.
BEPZEB Cryst. Struct. Commun., 1982, 11, 175. CUCPIZ J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 7529.
BETJOZ J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 1683. CUDLOC J. Cryst. Spectrosc., 1985, 15, 53.
BETUTE10 Acta Chem. Scand., Ser. A, 1976, 30, 719. CUDLUI J. Cryst. Spectrosc., 1985, 15, 53.
BIBLAZ Zh. Strukt. Khim., 1981, 22, 118. CUGBAH Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 1985, 41, 476.
BICGEZ Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1982, 486, 90. CXMSEO Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1973, 29, 595.
BIHXIZ J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1982, 982. DGLYSE Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1975, 31, 1785.
BIRGUE10 Z. Naturforsch., Teil B, 1983, 38, 20. DMESIP01 Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C, 1984, 40, 895.
BIRHAL10 Z. Naturforsch., Teil B, 1982, 37, 1410. DSEMOR10 J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1980, 628.
BIZJAV J. Organomet. Chem., 1982, 238, C1. DTHIBR10 Inorg. Chem., 1971, 10, 697.
BOGPOC Z. Naturforsch., Teil B, 1982, 37, 1402. EPHTEA Inorg. Chem., 1980, 19, 2487.
BOGSUL Z. Naturforsch., Teil B, 1982, 37, 1230. ESEARS J. Chem. Soc. C, 1971, 1511.
BOJLER Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1982, 493, 53. ETEARS J. Chem. Soc. C, 1971, 1511.
BOJPUL Acta Chem. Scand., Ser. A, 1982, 36, 829. FMESIB J. Organomet. Chem., 1980, 197, 275.
BOPFER Chem. Ber., 1983, 116, 146. FPHTEL J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1980, 2306.
BOPFIV Chem. Ber., 1983, 116, 146. FPSULF10 J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 1683.
BOVMEE Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1982, 38, 1048. HCLENE10 Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1982, 38, 3139.
BQUINI Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1979, 35, 1930. HMTITI Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1975, 31, 1505.
BTUPTE Acta Chem. Scand., Ser. A, 1975, 29, 738. HMTNTI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1974, 409, 237.
BUDTEZ Z. Naturforsch., Teil B, 1983, 38, 454. HXPASC J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1975, 1381.
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BUSHAY Z. Naturforsch., Teil. B, 1983, 38, 692. IFORAM Monatsh. Chem., 1974, 105, 621.
BUTHAZ10 Inorg. Chem., 1984, 23, 2582. IODMAM Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1977, 33, 3209.
BUTSUE J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 862. IPMUDS Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1973, 29, 2128.
BUWZUO Acta Chem. Scand., Ser A, 1983, 37, 219. ISUREA10 Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1972, 28, 643.
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Molecular
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BOND LENGTHS IN ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS
This table summarizes the average values of interatomic dis- other elements. R stands for any alkyl group; Me for a CH3 group;
tances of representative metal–ligand bonds. Sigma bonds be- C6R5 indicates an aryl group; and C(=O)R an acyl group. Metals are
tween d- and f-block metals and the elements C, N, O, P, S, and listed in atomic number order.
As are included. The values are extracted from a much larger list
in Reference 1. The tabulated values are the unweighted means of
Reference
reported measurements on compounds in each category. If four or
more measurements are available, the standard deviation is given 1. Orpen, A. G., Brammer, L., Allen, F. H., Kennard, O., Watson, D. G.,
in parentheses. All values are in Ångstrom units (10–10 m). and Taylor, R., J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1989, S1-S83.
The first part of the table covers metal–carbon bonds in differ-
ent ligand categories, while the second part covers metal bonds to
M M–CH3 M–CH2R M–CR=CR2 M–C6R5 M–C(=O)R

Ti 2.167 2.215(0.042) 2.148
V 2.114(0.012)
Cr 2.168 2.035(0.009) 2.075(0.019)
Mn 2.095(0.030) 2.176(0.024) 2.007 2.064(0.021) 2.044
Fe 2.074 2.091(0.030) 1.991(0.039) 2.031(0.062) 1.997(0.033)
Co 2.014(0.023) 2.039(0.032) 1.934(0.019) 1.974 1.990
Ni 2.029 1.964 1.892(0.017) 1.917(0.038) 1.850(0.059)
Cu 2.020
Zn 1.964
Zr 2.292(0.049) 2.257
Nb 2.336 1.319
Mo 2.254(0.065) 2.250(0.061) 2.204(0.049) 2.193(0.054) 2.109
Ru 2.179(0.045) 2.036(0.010) 2.063 2.092(0.057) 2.091
Rh 2.092(0.027) 2.100 2.040(0.054) 2.011(0.026) 1.995(0.031)
Pd 2.028 2.000(0.024) 1.981(0.032) 1.982(0.029)
Hf 2.275(0.049) 2.205
Ta 2.217(0.035) 2.225(0.056) 2.199(0.073)
W 2.189(0.039) 2.175 2.224
Re 2.173(0.051) 2.290 2.027 2.190(0.027)
Os 2.221 2.052 2.090(0.032) 2.161
Ir 2.175 2.071(0.044) 2.070(0.038) 2.019
Pt 2.083(0.045) 2.062(0.031) 2.024(0.037) 2.049(0.046) 1.991(0.025)
Au 2.066(0.045) 2.042 2.059(0.024)
Hg 2.072(0.026) 2.125 2.086(0.040)
Th 2.567
Molecular
9-17

9-18 Bond Lengths in Organometallic Compounds
M M–NH3 M–OH2 M–PMe3 M–SR M–AsR3

Ti 2.066(0.052) 2.369 2.686
V 2.129(0.131) 2.510(0.010) 2.378(0.007)
Cr 2.069(0.008) 1.997(0.070) 2.389(0.069) 2.362 2.460(0.040)
Mn 2.189(0.040) 2.455(0.164) 2.366(0.054) 2.400(0.013)
Fe 2.085(0.066) 2.246(0.042) 2.271(0.028) 2.352(0.043)
Co 1.965(0.021) 2.085(0.064) 2.217(0.043) 2.254(0.025) 2.323(0.021)
Ni 2.074(0.093) 2.079(0.038) 2.204(0.031) 2.187(0.007) 2.333(0.035)
Cu 1.987(0.017) 2.186(0.215) 2.367(0.016)
Zn 2.044 2.090(0.061) 2.295
Y 2.398(0.068)
Zr 2.692
Nb 2.248(0.137) 2.741(0.008)
Mo 2.217 2.201(0.094) 2.462(0.046) 2.401(0.050) 2.582(0.036)
Ru 2.126(0.024) 2.074(0.051) 2.307(0.050) 2.446(0.031)
Rh 2.114(0.018) 2.190(0.096) 2.266(0.036) 2.416(0.039)
Pd 2.032 2.200 2.287(0.018) 2.386(0.052)
Ag 2.350
Cd 2.318(0.065) 2.444
La 2.556(0.062)
Ce 2.565(0.063)
Pr 2.518(0.038)
Nd 2.533(0.058)
Sm 2.459(0.050)
Eu 2.441(0.055)
Gd 2.443(0.074)
Tb 2.455
Dy 2.409(0.074)
Ho 2.407(0.069)
Er 2.404(0.083)
Yb 2.353(0.066)
Lu 2.404(0.116)
Ta 2.589(0.044)
W 2.115(0.065) 2.485(0.039)
Re 2.253 2.199(0.091) 2.369(0.065) 2.575(0.006)
Os 2.136 2.166 2.328(0.029)
Ir 2.050(0.021) 2.323(0.028) 2.461
Pt 2.295(0.036) 2.320(0.015) 2.366(0.058)
Au 2.157 2.293
Hg 2.690(0.083) 2.402(0.065)
Th 2.483(0.032)
U 2.455(0.047)
Molecular

STRUCTURE OF FREE MOLECULES IN THE GAS PHASE
David R. Lide
This table gives information on the geometric structure of it should be emphasized that all data in this table are obtained
selected molecules in the gas phase, including the overall geometry, from direct experimental measurements. In a few cases, ab ini-
interatomic distances, and bond angles. The molecules have been tio calculations of vibration-rotation interaction constants have
chosen to provide data on a wide variety of chemical bonds and to been combined with the primary experimental measurements to
illustrate the influence of molecular environment on bond distances derive re values in the table.
and angles. The table is restricted to molecules with conventional The number of significant figures in the values is an indication
covalent or ionic bonds, but it should be pointed out that structure of the precision of the measurement; thus a distance quoted to
data on many loosely bonded complexes of the van der Waals type three decimal places is probably reliable to about 0.005 Å or bet-
have recently become available. The references below contain data ter. However, discrepancies between re, r0, and rg values for the
on many molecules that are not included here and give additional same bond are often the order of 0.01 Å because of vibrational
information such as uncertainties and isotopic variations. averaging considerations, so care must be taken in comparing
The two techniques for gas phase structure determination are bond distances in different molecules. Some distances in simple
spectroscopy and electron diffraction. The following codes are molecules are given here to four or five decimal places, but little
used to indicate the method used for each set of data: chemical significance can be attached to differences beyond the
third decimal place.
ED – Gas phase electron diffraction The table is presented in two parts: Part 1 covers molecules
MW – Microwave spectroscopy, including both measure- that do not contain carbon while Part 2 lists carbon-containing
ments in bulk gases and molecular beams molecules. Because many of the entries in Part 1 are free radicals
IR – Infrared spectroscopy or other transient species whose systematic chemical names are
R – Raman spectroscopy unfamiliar, the listing in Part 1 is in order of chemical formula.
UV – Electronic spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible Part 2 is ordered by name. In both parts, information on the
regions, including fluorescence measurements overall configuration of the molecule is given through structure
ESR – Electron spin resonance diagrams and/or indication of the point group of the equilibrium
geometry. Subsequent columns give the values of the bond dis-
In some cases, data from two sources have been combined to tances and angles; distances are given in Å units, where 1 Å =
derive the structure; these are labeled by “ED, MW,” for example. 10 -10 m or 0.1 nm, and angles are given in degrees. The last column
Because of the internal vibrations that are present in all mol- indicates the experimental method.
ecules, even in their lowest energy state, the definition of inter- The contributions of Kozo Kuchitsu in preparing an earlier
atomic distance is not a simple matter. The ideal measure is the version of this table and in giving advice on the new version are
equilibrium distance in the hypothetical non-vibrating state, des- gratefully acknowledged.
ignated by re. This is the value of the separation of the atoms at
the minimum of the potential function that describes the forces
References
between the two atoms. All other measures represent some form
of average, generally complex, over the vibrational motions. Since 1. Landolt-Börnstein Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in
the potential function is asymmetric and less steep at distances Science and Technology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. The following vol-
beyond the potential minimum, the average distance is nor- umes are in the series Structure Data of Free Polyatomic Molecules:
mally greater than re. Distances determined by electron diffrac- II/7, 1976
II/15, 1987
tion (ED) represent an average over all vibrational states that are
II/21, Supplement to II/7 and II/15, 1992
populated at the temperature of the measurement; the most com- II/23, Supplement to II/7, II/15, and II/21, 1995
mon measure is designated rg. Distances determined by spectros- II/25A, Inorganic Molecules, 1998
copy (MW, IR, R, or UV) through measurements on the ground II/25B, Molecules Containing One or Two Carbon Atoms, 1999
vibrational state of the molecule, designated by r0, describe some II/25C, Molecules Containing Three or Four Carbon Atoms, 2000
form of average, not easily defined, over the zero-point vibra- II/25D, Molecules Containing Five or More Carbon Atoms, 2003
tions. Another measure that is frequently used in microwave II/28A, Inorganic Molecules, 2006
spectroscopy is the “substitution” distance rs, which is operation- II/28B, Molecules Containing One or Two Carbon Atoms, 2006
II/28C, Molecules Containing Three or Four Carbon Atoms, 2007
ally defined through a series of measurements on different isoto-
II/28D, Molecules Containing Five or More Carbon Atoms, 2007.
pic species. In simple cases, rs often lies between r0 and re and is 2. Harmony, M. D., Laurie, V. W., Kuczkowski, R. L., Schwendeman,
therefore a closer approximation to re. Several other types of aver- R. H., Ramsay, D. A., Lovas, F. J., Lafferty, W. J., and Maki, A. G.,
ages have been used; good discussions can be found in Volumes “Molecular Structure of Gas-Phase Polyatomic Molecules Deter-
II/25 and II/28 of the Landolt-Börnstein series (Reference 1) and mined by Spectroscopic Methods”, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 8, 619,
in References 4 and 5. 1979.
Unless otherwise specified, distances and angles given in this 3. Huber, K. P., and Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular
table are r0 values if the method is spectroscopic and rg values if Structure IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules, Van Nostrand Rein-
hold, London, 1979.
the method is electron diffraction. When given, equilibrium and
Molecular
4. Hargittai, M., “Molecular Structure of Metal Halides,” Chem. Rev.

substitution distances are designated by re and rs, respectively. 100, 2233-2301, 2000.
Many interatomic distances and angles calculated by ab initio 5. Harmony, M. D., and Berry, R. J., Struct. Chem. 1, 49, 1989.
techniques have been reported in the recent literature. However,
9-19

9-20 Structure of Free Molecules in the Gas Phase
Part 1. Molecules Not Containing Carbon

Bond Distances in Å and Angles in Degrees
Compound Structure Method
AgBr Ag—Br (re) 2.3931 MW
AgCl Ag—Cl (re) 2.2808 MW
AgF Ag—F (re) 1.9832 MW
AgH Ag—H (re) 1.617 UV
AgI Ag—I (re) 2.5446 MW
AgLi Ag—Li 2.41 UV
AgO Ag—O (re) 2.0030 UV
AgOH bent Ag—O 2.016 O—H 0.952 ∠HOAg 108.3a MW
AlBr Al—Br (re) 2.295 UV
AlBr3 D3h Al—Br 2.221 ED
AlCa Al—Ca 3.148 UV
AlCl Al—Cl (re) 2.1301 MW
AlCl3 D3h Al—Cl 2.063 ED
AlCo Al—Co 2.283 UV
AlCu Al—Cu 2.339 UV
AlF Al—F (re) 1.6544 MW
AlF3 D3h Al—F 1.633 ED
AlH Al—H (re) 1.6482 UV
AlI Al—I (re) 2.5371 MW
AlI3 D3h Al—I 2.461 ED
AlK Al—K 3.88 UV
AlMn Al—Mn 2.638 UV
AlNi Al—Ni 2.321 UV
AlO Al—O (re) 1.6176 UV
AlS Al—S (re) 2.029 UV
AlV Al—V 2.620 UV
AlZn Al—Zn 2.696 UV
Al2 Al—Al (re) 2.701 UV
Al2Br6 Bra Brb Bra Al—Bra 2.234 Al—Brb 2.433 ED
Al Al
Bra Brb Bra
D2h ∠BrbAlBrb 91.6 ∠BraAlBra 122
Al2Cl6 See Al2Br6 Al—Cla 2.061 Al—Clb 2.250 ED
D2h ∠ClbAlClb 90.0 ∠ClaAlCla 122
AsBr3 C3v As—Br 2.324 ∠BrAsBr 99.6 ED
AsCl3 C3v As—Cl 2.165 ∠ClAsCl 98.6 ED, MW
AsF3 C3v As—F 1.710 ∠FAsF 95.9 ED, MW
AsF5 Fa As—Fa 1.711 As—Fb 1.656 ED
Fb
Fb As
Fb
Fa
D3h
AsH As—H (re) 1.5232 UV
AsH3 C3v As—H (re) 1.511 ∠HAsH (θe) 92.1 MW, IR
AsI3 C3v As—I 2.557 ∠IAsI 100.2 ED
AsN As—N (re) 1.6184 UV
AsO As—O (re) 1.6236 UV
AsP As—P (re) 1.99954 MW
As2 As—As (re) 2.1026 UV
AuH Au—H (re) 1.5237 UV
Au2 Au—Au (re) 2.4719 UV
BBr B—Br (re) 1.888 UV
BBr3 D3h B—Br 1.893 ED
Molecular
BCl B—Cl (re) 1.7153 UV

BClF2 C2v B—Cl (rs) 1.728 B—F 1.315 ∠FBF 118.1 MW
BCl3 D3h B—Cl 1.742 ED
BF B—F (re) 1.2626 UV

Structure of Free Molecules in the Gas Phase 9-21

BF2H B—H 1.189 B—F 1.311 ∠FBF 118.3 MW
BF2OH FaFbBOH B—Fa (re) 1.3229 B—Fb (re) 1.3129 B—O (re) 1.3448 MW
planar ∠FBF (θe) 118.36 ∠FaBO (θe) 122.25 ∠BOH (θe) 113.14
Facis to OH O—H (re) 0.9574
BF3 D3h B—F 1.313 ED, IR
BH B—H (re) 1.2325 UV
BH2NH2 planar B—N 1.391 B—H 1.195 N—H 1.004 MW
∠HBH 122.2 ∠HNH 114.2
BH3 planar B—H 1.1900 IR
BH3PH3 staggered form B—P 1.937 B—H 1.212 P—H 1.399 MW
∠PBH 103.6 ∠BPH 116.9 ∠HBH 114.6
∠HPH 101.3
BI3 D3h B—I 2.118 ED
BN B—N (re) 1.281 UV
BO B—O (re) 1.2045 EPR
BO2 linear B—O 1.265 UV
BS B—S 1.6091 UV
B2 B—B (re) 1.590 UV
B2H6 Ha Hb Ha B—Ha 1.19 B—Hb 1.33 B···B 1.77 IR, ED
B B
Ha Hb Ha
∠HaBHa 122 ∠HbBHb 97
B3H3O3 B—O 1.376 ∠BOB 120 ∠OBO 120 ED
B3H6N3 C2 B—N 1.435 B—H 1.26 N—H 1.05 ED
∠BNB 121 ∠NBN 118
BaBr Ba—Br (re) 2.8445 UV
BaBr2 Ba—Br 2.912 ∠BrBaBr 137.0 ED
BaCl Ba—Cl (re) 2.6828 UV
BaF Ba—F (re) 2.163 UV
BaH Ba—H (re) 2.2318 UV
BaI Ba—I (re) 3.0848 UV
BaI2 Ba—I 3.150 ∠IBaI 137.6 ED
BaO Ba—O (re) 1.9397 MW
BaOH linear Ba—O 2.200 O—H 0.927 UV
BaS Ba—S (re) 2.5074 MBE
BeCl2 linear Be—Cl (re) 1.791 ED,IR
BeF Be—F (re) 1.3609 UV
BeF2 linear Be—F (re) 1.3730 IR
BeH Be—H (re) 1.3431 UV
BeH2 linear Be—H (re) 1.3264 IR
BeO Be—O (re) 1.3308 UV
BeS Be—S (re) 1.7415 UV
BiBr Bi—Br (re) 2.6095 MW
BiBr3 C3v Bi—Br 2.577 ∠BrBiBr 98.6 ED
BiCl Bi—Cl (re) 2.4716 MW
BiCl3 C3v Bi—Cl 2.424 ∠ClBiCl 97.5 ED
BiF Bi—F (re) 2.0516 MW
BiF3 C3v Bi—F 1.987 ∠FBiF 96.1 ED
BiH Bi—H (re) 1.805 UV
BiI Bi—I (re) 2.8005 MW
BiI3 C3v Bi—I 2.807 ∠IBiI 99.5 ED
BiO Bi—O (re) 1.934 UV
BiP Bi—P (re) 2.29345 IR
Bi2 Bi—Bi (re) 2.6596 UV
BrCl Br—Cl (re) 2.1361 MW
BrF Br—F (re) 1.7590 MW
Molecular
BrF3 Fa Br Fa Br—Fa 1.810 ∠FaxBrFeq 85.1 ∠FaBrFb 86.2 MW
Fb
C2v Br—Fb 1.721


BrF5 C4v Br—F (av.) 1.753 (Br—Feq) 0.069 ∠FaxBrFeq 85.1 ED, MW
– (Br—Fax)
BrN3 BrNaNbNc Na—Nb 1.113a Nb—Nc 1.247 Na—Br 1.899 ED
planar ∠NNN 170.7 ∠BrNN 109.7
BrO Br—O (re) 1.7172 MW
BrO2 C2v Br—O (re) 1.644 ∠OBrO (θe) 114.3 MW
Br2 Br—Br (re) 2.2811 R
CaBr2 linear Ca—Br 2.62 ED
CaCl Ca—Cl (re) 2.43676 UV
CaCl2 linear Ca—Cl 2.483 ED
CaF Ca—F (re) 1.967 UV
CaH Ca—H (re) 2.002 UV
CaI Ca—I (re) 2.8286 UV
CaI2 linear Ca—I 2.840 ED
CaO Ca—O (re) 1.8221 UV
CaOH linear Ca—O 1.985 O—H 0.921 UV
CaS Ca—S (re) 2.3178 UV
CdH Cd—H (re) 1.781 EPR
CdH2 linear Cd—H 1.6792 IR
CdBr2 linear Cd—Br 2.394 ED
CdCl2 linear Cd—Cl 2.284 ED
CdI2 linear Cd—I 2.582 ED
CeF4 Td Ce—F 2.036 ED
CeI3 quasiplanar Ce—I 2.948 ED
ClBS linear B—Cl 1.681 B—S 1.606 MW
ClF Cl—F (re) 1.6283 MW
ClF3 Fa Cl Fa Cl—Fa 1.698 Cl—Fb 1.598 ∠FaClFb 87.5 MW
Fb
ClN3 ClNaNbNc Na—Nb 1.253 Nb—Nc 1.113 Na—Cl 1.746 MW
planar ∠NNN 171.0 ∠ClNN 108.7
ClO Cl—O (re) 1.5696 MW, UV
ClO2 C2v Cl—O 1.470 ∠OClO 117.38 MW
Cl2 Cl—Cl (re) 1.9878 UV
Cl2O C2v Cl—O 1.6959 ∠ClOCl 110.89 MW
CoBr2 linear Co—Br 2.241 ED
CoCl2 linear Co—Cl 2.113 ED
CoF2 linear Co—F 1.754 [Co—F (re)] 1.738 ED
CoF3 D3h Co—F 1.732 ED
CoH Co—H (re) 1.542 UV
CrF2 linear Cr—F 1.795 ED
CrF3 D3h Cr—F 1.732 ED
CrF4 Td Cr—F 1.706 ED
CrH Cr—H (re) 1.656 UV
CrO Cr—O (re) 1.615 UV
CsBr Cs—Br (re) 3.0723 MW
CsCl Cs—Cl (re) 2.9063 MW
CsF Cs—F (re) 2.3454 MW
CsH Cs—H (re) 2.4938 UV
CsI Cs—I (re) 3.3152 MW
CsO Cs—O (re) 2.3007 MW
CsOH linear; large amplitude Cs—O (re) 2.395 O—H (re) 0.97 MW
bending mode
Cs2 Cs—Cs (re) 4.47 UV
CuBr Cu—Br (re) 2.1734 MW
CuCl Cu—Cl (re) 2.0512 MW
CuF Cu—F (re) 1.7449 MW
CuF2 linear Cu—F 1.713 ED
Molecular
CuH Cu—H (re) 1.4626 UV

CuI Cu—I (re) 2.3383 MW
CuLi Cu—Li 2.26 UV
CuO Cu—O (re) 1.7244 UV


CuOH bent Cu—O (rs) 1.769 O—H 0.952 ∠HOCu (θs) 110.24 MW
CuS Cu—S 2.051 UV
Cu2 Cu—Cu (re) 2.2197 UV
DyBr3 quasiplanar Dy—Br 2.609 ED
DyCl3 quasiplanar Dy—Cl 2.461 ED
FN3 FNaNbNc Na—Nb 1.253 Nb—Nc 1.132 Na—F 1.439 MW
planar ∠NNN 170.3 ∠FNN 103.8
F2 F—F (re) 1.4119 R
FeBr2 linear Fe—Br 2.294 ED
FeCl2 linear Fe—Cl 2.132 UV,ED
FeF2 linear Fe—F 1.769 [Fe—F (re)] 1.755 ED
FeF3 D3h Fe—F 1.763 ED
FeH Fe—H 1.620 IR
FeO Fe—O 1.444 UV
FeS Fe—S 2.017 MW
GaBr Ga—Br (re) 2.3525 MW
GaBr3 D3h Ga—Br 2.249 ED
GaCl Ga—Cl (re) 2.2017 MW
GaCl3 D3h Ga—Cl 2.110 ED
GaF Ga—F (re) 1.7744 MW
GaF3 D3h Ga—F 1.725 ED
GaH Ga—H (re) 1.663 UV
GaI Ga—I (re) 2.5747 MW
GaI3 D3h Ga—I 2.458 ED
GaO Ga—O 1.744 UV
Ga2Br6 See Al2Br6 Ga—Bra 2.250 Ga—Brb 2.453 ED
D2h ∠BraGaBra 92.7 ∠BrbGaBrb 123
Ga2Cl6 See Al2Br6 Ga—Cla 2.116 Ga—Clb 2.305 ED
D2h ∠ClaGaCla 90 ∠ClbGaClb 124.5
GdBr3 C3v Gd—Br 2.641 ED
GdCl3 C3v Gd—Cl 2.488 ED
GdF3 C3v Gd—F 2.053 ED
GdI3 C3v Gd—I 2.840 ∠IGdI 108 ED
GeBrH3 C3v Ge—H 1.526 Ge—Br 2.299 ∠HGeH 106.2 MW, IR
GeBr2 Ge—Br (re) 2.359 ∠BrGeBr 101.0 ED
GeBr4 Td Ge—Br 2.272 ED
GeClH3 C3v Ge—H 1.537 Ge—Cl 2.150 ∠HGeH 111.0 IR, MW
GeCl2 Ge—Cl (re) 2.186 ∠ClGeCl 100.3 ED
GeCl4 Td Ge—Cl 2.113 ED
GeFH3 C3v Ge—H 1.522 Ge—F 1.732 ∠HGeH 113.0 MW, IR
GeF2 Ge—F (re) 1.7321 ∠FGeF (θe) 97.15 MW
GeH Ge—H (re) 1.5880 UV
GeHI Ge—I 2.525 Ge—H 1.593 ∠HGeI 93.5 UV
GeH4 Td Ge—H 1.5251 IR, R
GeI2 Ge—I 2.540 ∠IGeI 102.1 ED
GeI4 Td Ge—I 2.515 ED
GeO Ge—O (re) 1.6246 MW
GeS Ge—S (re) 2.0121 MW
GeSe Ge—Se (re) 2.1346 MW
GeTe Ge—Te (re) 2.3402 MW
Ge2H6 Ge—Ge 2.403 Ge—H 1.541 ED
∠HGeH 106.4 ∠GeGeH 112.5
HBr H—Br (re) 1.4145 MW
HCl H—Cl (re) 1.2746 MW
HClO ClOH (bent) Cl—O 1.690 O—H 0.975 ∠HOCl 102.5 MW, IR
HClO4 H Cl—Oa 1.407 Cl—Ob 1.639 ED
Ob
Molecular
Cl
Oa O Oa
a
∠OaClOa 114.3 ∠OaClOb 104.1


HF H—F (re) 0.9169 MW
HFO FOH (bent) F—O 1.442 O—H 0.96 ∠HOF 97.2 MW
HI H—I (re) 1.6090 MW
HIO IOH (bent) I—O 1.9941 O—H 0.967 ∠HOI 103.9 MW
HNO bent N—O 1.212 N—H 1.063 ∠HNO 108.6 UV
HNO2 s-trans conformer s-cis conformer MW
Ob—H 0.958 Ob—H 0.98

N—Ob 1.432 N—Ob 1.39
N—Oa 1.170 N—Oa 1.19
∠OaNOb 110.7 ∠OaNOb 114
∠NObH 102.1 ∠NObH 104
HNO3 N—Oa 1.20 N—Ob 1.21 N—Oc 1.41 MW
Oc—H 0.96 ∠OcNOb 115.9 ∠HOcN 102.2

planar ∠OcNOa 113.9
HNSO planar cis N—S 1.512 S—O 1.451 N—H 1.029 MW
∠NSO 120.4 ∠HNS 115.8
HN3 HNaNMbNc Na—Nb 1.245 Nb—Nc 1.134 Na—H 1.015 MW
planar ∠NNN 171.8 ∠HNN 109.2
HPO P—O 1.4843 P—H 1.473 ∠HPO 104.57 MW
H2 H—H (re) 0.74144 UV
H2O C2v O—H (re) 0.9575 ∠HOH (θe) 104.51 MW, IR
H2O2 C2 O—O 1.475 ∠OOH 94.8 dihedral angle 119.8 IR
H2S C2v H—S (re) 1.3356 ∠HSH (θe) 92.12 MW, IR
H2SO4 Hb O—H 0.97 S—Oa 1.574 S—Oc 1.422 MW
Ob
Oa H a
S
Od Oc C
2
∠OaSOb 101.3 ∠OcSOd 123.3 ∠OaSOc 108.6
∠OaSOd 106.4 ∠HaOaS 108.5 dihedral angle 20.8
between the
HaOaS and
OaSOc planes
C2 dihedral angle 90.9 dihedral angle 88.4
between the between the
HaOaS and HaSOb and
OaSOb planes OcSOd planes
H2S2 C2 S—S 2.055 S—H 1.327 ∠SSH 91.3 ED, MW
dihedral angle 90.6
HfBr4 Td Hf—Br 2.450 ED
HfCl4 Td Hf—Cl 2.316 ED
HfF Hf—F 1.8596 UV
HfF4 Td Hf—F 1.909 ED
HfI4 Td Hf—I 2.662 ED
HgBr2 linear Hg—Br 2.384 ED
HgCl2 linear Hg—Cl 2.252 ED
HgH Hg—H (re) 1.7404 UV
HgI2 linear Hg—I 2.568 ED
HoCl3 Ho—Cl 2.462 ED
HoF3 Ho—F 2.007 ED
HoO Ho—O 1.797 UV
Molecular
IBr I—Br (re) 2.4691 MW

ICl I—Cl (re) 2.3210 MW
IF I—F (re) 1.9098 UV
IF5 C4v I—F (av.) 1.860 (I—Feq) – (I—Fax) 0.03 ∠FaxIFeq 82.1 ED, MW


IO I—O (re) 1.8676 MW
I2 I—I (re) 2.6663 R
InBr In—Br (re) 2.5432 MW
InCl In—Cl (re) 2.4012 MW
InCl3 In—Cl 2.291 ED
InF In—F (re) 1.9854 MW
InH In—H (re) 1.8376 UV
InI In—I (re) 2.7537 MW
IrF6 Oh Ir—F 1.831 ED
KBH4 Ha(BH3)K (C3v) B—H (BH3) 1.272 B—Ha 1.233 K—B 2.656 MW
KBr K—Br (re) 2.8208 MW
KCl K—Cl (re) 2.6667 MW
KF K—F (re) 2.1716 MW
KH K—H (re) 2.244 UV
KI K—I (re) 3.0478 MW
KOH linear; large amplitude K—O 2.212 O—H 0.91 MW
bending mode
K2 K—K (re) 3.9051 UV
KrF2 linear Kr—F 1.89 ED
LaBr La—Br (re) 2.65208 MW
LaBr3 C3v La—Br 2.742 ED
LaCl La—Cl (re) 2.49804 MW
LaCl3 C3v La—Cl 2.589 ED
LaF La—F (re) 2.02338 MW
LaI La—I (re) 2.87885 MW
LaO La—O (re) 1.82591 UV
LiBH4 Ha(BH3)Li (C3v) B—H (H3) 1.257 B—Ha 1.218 Li—B 1.939 MW
LiBr Li—Br (re) 2.1704 MW
LiCl Li—Cl (re) 2.0207 MW
LiF Li—F (re) 1.5639 MW
LiH Li—H (re) 1.5949 MW
LiI Li—I (re) 2.3919 MW
LiO Li—O (re) 1.68822 UV
LiOH linear Li—O (re) 1.5776 O—H (re) 0.949 MW
Li2 Li—Li (re) 2.6729 UV
Li2Cl2 Li Li—Cl 2.23 Cl—Cl 3.61 ∠ClLiCl 108 ED
Cl Cl
Li
Li2O linear Li—O 1.606 UV
LuBr3 C3v Lu—Br 2.557 ED
LuCl3 C3v Lu—Cl 2.417 ∠ClLuCl 112 ED
LuI3 C3v Lu—I 2.768 ED
MgBr Mg—Br (re) 2.34742 MW
MgCl Mg—Cl (re) 2.1964 UV
MgCl2 linear Mg—Cl 2.179 ED
MgF Mg—F (re) 1.7500 UV
MgF2 linear Mg—F 1.771 ED
MgH Mg—H (re) 1.7297 UV
MgO Mg—O (re) 1.749 UV
MgOH linear Mg—O 1.770 O—H 0.912 UV
Mg2 Mg—Mg (re) 3.891 UV
MnBr2 linear Mn—Br 2.344 ED
MnCl2 linear Mn—Cl 2.202 ED
MnF2 linear Mn—F 1.811 [Mn—F (re)] 1.797 ED
MnH Mn—H (re) 1.7308 UV
MnI2 linear Mn—I 2.538 ED
MoCl4O C4v Mo—Cl 2.279 Mo—O 1.658 ED
Molecular
∠ClMoCl 87.2
MoF4 Mo—F 1.851 ED
MoF6 Oh Mo—F 1.821 ED
NBr N—Br (re) 1.79 UV


NCl N—Cl (re) 1.6107 UV
NClH2 N—H 1.017 N—Cl 1.748 MW, IR
∠HNCl 103.7 ∠HNH 107
NCl3 N—Cl 1.759 ∠ClNCl 107.1 ED
NF N—F (re) 1.3170 UV
NF2 N—F 1.3528 ∠FNF 103.18 MW
NH2 N—H 1.024 ∠HNH 103.3 UV
NH2NO2 N—N 1.427 N—H 1.005 MW
dihedral angle 128.2 ∠HNH 115.2 ∠ONO 130.1
between NH2
and NNO2
planes
NH3 C3v N—H (re) 1.012 ∠HNH (θe) 106.7 IR
NH4Cl H3N····HCl (C3v) N—Cl 3.136 MW
NH N—H (re) 1.0362 LMR
NH2OH bisector of HNH angle N—O 1.453 N—H 1.02 O—H 0.962 MW
is trans to OH bond
∠HNO 103.3 ∠HNH 107 ∠NOH 101.4
NO N—O (re) 1.1506 IR
NOCl N—O 1.14 N—Cl 1.975 ∠ONCl 113 MW
NOF N—O 1.136 N—F 1.512 ∠FNO 110.1 MW
NO2 N—O 1.193 ∠ONO 134.1 MW
NO2Cl C2v N—O 1.202 N—Cl 1.840 ∠ONO 130.6 MW
NO2F C2v N—O 1.1798 N—F 1.467 ∠ONO 136 MW
NS N—S (re) 1.4940 IR
N2 N—N (re) 1.0977 UV
N2H4 Ha atom is closer to the N—N 1.449 N—H 1.021 ∠NNHb 106 ED, MW
C2 axis, Hb is farther
from the C2 axis
∠HNH 106.6a ∠NNHa 112
dihedral angle of 91
internal rotation
N2O N—N (re) 1.1284 N—O (re) 1.1841 MW, IR
N2O3 Oa Ob Na—Nb 1.864 Na—Oa 1.142 MW
Na Nb
Oc
Nb—Ob 1.202 Nb—Oc 1.217
∠OaNaNb 105.05 ∠NaNbOb 112.72 ∠NaNbOc 117.47
N2O4 O O N—N 1.782 N—O 1.190 ∠ONO 135.4 ED
N N
O O
D2h
NaBH4 Ha(BH3)Na (C3v) B—H (BH3) 1.278 B—Ha 1.238 Na—B 2.308 MW
NaBr Na—Br (re) 2.5020 MW
NaCl Na—Cl (re) 2.3609 MW
NaF Na—F (re) 1.9260 MW
NaH Na—H (re) 1.8873 UV
NaI Na—I (re) 2.7115 MW
NaO Na—O (re) 2.05155 UV
Na2 Na—Na (re) 3.0789 UV
NbCl4 Td Nb—Cl 2.279 ED
NbCl5 D3h Nb—Clax 2.307 Nb—Cleq 2.276 ED
NbO Nb—O (re) 1.691 UV
NdI3 C3v Nd—I 2.879 ED
NiBr Ni—Br 2.1963 UV
NiBr2 linear Ni—Br 2.201 ED
NiCl2 linear Ni—Cl 2.076 ED
Molecular
NiF2 linear Ni—F 1.729 [Ni—F (re)] 1.715 ED

NiH Ni—H (re) 1.476 UV
NiI Ni—I 2.348 UV
NpF6 Oh Np—F 1.982 ED


OF O—F (re) 1.3579 LMR
OF2 C2v O—F (re) 1.4053 ∠FOF (θe) 103.07 MW
OH O—H (re) 0.96966 UV
O(SiH3)2 Si—H 1.486 Si—O 1.634 ∠SiOSi 144.1 ED
O2 O—O (re) 1.2074 MW
O2F2 C2 O—O 1.217 F—O 1.575 ∠OOF 109.5 MW
dihedral angle of 87.5
internal rotation
O3 C2v O—O (re) 1.2716 ∠OOO (θe) 117.47 MW
OsF6 Oh Os—F 1.832 ED
OsO4 Td Os—O 1.712 ED
PBr3 C3v P—Br 2.220 ∠BrPBr 101.0 ED
PCl P—Cl (re) 2.01461 UV
PCl3 C3v P—Cl 2.039 ∠ClPCl 100.27 ED
PCl5 Cla P—Cla 2.124 P—Clb 2.020 ED
Clb
Clb P
Clb
Cla D3h
PF P—F (re) 1.5896 UV
PF3 C3v P—F 1.570 ∠FPF 97.8 ED, MW
PF5 D3h P—Feq 1.534 P—Fax 1.577 ED
PH P—H (re) 1.4223 LMR
PH2 P—H 1.418 ∠HPH 91.70 UV
PH3 c3v P—H 1.4200 ∠HPH 93.345 MW
PN N—P (re) 1.49087 MW
PO O—P (re) 1.4759 UV
POCl3 C3v P—O 1.449 P—Cl 1.993 ∠ClPCl 103.3 ED
POF3 C3v P—O 1.436 P—F 1.524 ∠FPF 101.3 ED, MW
P2 P—P (re) 1.8931 UV
P2F4 trans conformer P—F 1.587 P—P 2.281 ∠FPF 99.1 P2F4
∠PPF 95.4
P4 Td P—P 2.21 ED
P4O6 Td P—O 1.638 ∠POP 126.4 ED
PbBr2 bent Pb—Br (re) 2.598 ED
PbCl2 bent Pb—Cl (re) 2.444 ED
PbCl4 Td Pb—Cl 2.369 ED
PbF Pb—F (re) 2.0575 UV
PbF2 bent Pb—F (re) 2.041 ED
PbH Pb—H (re) 1.839 UV
PbI2 bent Pb—I (re) 2.807 ED
PbO Pb—O (re) 1.9218 MW
PbS Pb—S (re) 2.2869 MW
PbSe Pb—Se (re) 2.4022 MW
PbTe Pb—Te (re) 2.5950 MW
PrCl3 C3v Pr—Cl 2.554 ED
PrF3 C3v Pr—F 2.091 ED
PrI3 C3v Pr—I 2.901 ∠IPrI 113 ED
PtC Pt—C (re) 1.6767 UV
PtH Pt—H (re) 1.52852 UV
PtN Pt—N (re) 1.682 MW
PtO Pt—O (re) 1.7273 UV
PtS Pt—S (re) 2.03983 MW
PtSi Pt—Si (re) 2.0612 MW
PuF6 Oh Pu—F 1.972 ED
RbBr Rb—Br (re) 2.9447 MW
RbCl Rb—Cl (re) 2.7869 MW
RbF Rb—F (re) 2.2703 MW
Molecular
RbH Rb—H (re) 2.367 UV

RbI Rb—I (re) 3.1768 MW
RbO Rb—O (re) 2.25420 UV
RbOH linear; large amplitude Rb—O 2.301 O—H 0.957 MW
bending mode


ReClO3 C3v Re—O 1.702 Re—Cl 2.229 ∠ClReO 109.4 MW
ReClO4 C4v Re—O 1.663 Re—Cl 2.270 ∠ClReO 105.5 ED
ReCl5 D3h Re—Cleq 2.238 Re—Clax 2.263 ED
ReF6 Oh Re—F 1.832 ED
ReF7 pseudorotation Re—F 1.835 ED
RhB Rh—B 1.691 UV
RhC Rh—C 1.614 UV
RhS Rh—S 2.059 UV
RuO4 Td Ru—O 1.706 ED
SCl2 C2v S—Cl 2.006 ∠ClSCl 103.0 ED
SF S—F (re) 1.6006 MW
SF2 S—F 1.5921 ∠FSF 98.20 MW
SF6 Oh S—F 1.561 ED
SH S—H (re) 1.34066 UV
SO S—O (re) 1.4811 MW
SOCl2 S—O 1.44 S—Cl 2.072 MW
∠ClSCl 97.2 ∠OSCl 108.0
SOF2 S—O 1.420 S—F 1.583 ED
∠FSF 92.2 ∠OSF 106.2
SOF4 Fb Fb S—O 1.403 S—Fa 1.575 S—Fb 1.552 ED
Fa S Fa
O C2v
∠OSFa 90.7 ∠OSFb 124.9
∠FaSFb 89.6 ∠FbSFb 110.2
SO2 S—O (re) 1.4308 ∠OSO (θe) 119.329 MW
SO2Cl2 C2v S—Cl 2.011 S—O 1.404 ED
∠ClSCl 100.0 ∠OSO 123.5
SO2F2 C2v S—F 1.530 S—O 1.397 ED
∠FSF 97 ∠OSO 123
SO3 D3h S—O 1.4198 IR
S(SiH3)2 Si—S 2.136 Si—H 1.494 ∠SiSSi 97.4 ED
S2 S—S (re) 1.8892 R
S2Br2 C2 S—Br 2.24 S—S 1.98 ∠SSBr 105 ED
internal rotation
S2Cl2 C2 S—Cl 2.057 S—S 1.931 ∠SSCl 108.2 ED
internal rotation
S2O2 planar cis form S—S 2.025 S—O 1.458 ∠OSS 112.8 MW
S8 S S S S—S 2.07 ∠SSS (D4d) 105 ED
S S
S
S S
SbBr3 C3v Sb—Br 2.490 ∠BrSbBr 98.2 ED
SbCl3 C3v Sb—Cl 2.334 ∠ClSbCl 97.1 ED
SbCl5 D3h Sb—Cleq 2.277 Sb—Clax 2.338 ED
SbF Sb—F (re) 1.918 UV
SbF3 C3v Sb—F 1.880 ∠FSbF 94.9 ED
SbH Sb—H 1.723 UV
SbH3 C3v Sb—H 1.704 ∠HSbH 91.6 MW
SbI3 C3v Sb—I 2.721 ∠ISbI 99.0 ED
SbO Sb—O (re) 1.826 UV
SbP Sb—P (re) 2.20544 MW
ScCl3 D3h Sc—Cl 2.291 ED
ScF Sc—F (re) 1.788 UV
ScF3 D3h Sc—F 1.847 ED
Molecular
SeF Se—F 1.742 MW

SeF6 Oh Se—F 1.69 ED
SeH Se—H (re) 1.48 UV
SeO Se—O (re) 1.6393 MW


SeOF2 Se—O 1.576 Se—F 1.730 MW
∠OSeF 104.82 ∠FSeF 92.22
SeO2 Se—O (re) 1.6076 ∠OSeO (θe) 113.83 MW
SeO3 D3h Se—O 1.69 ED
Se2 Se—Se (re) 2.1660 UV
Se6 six-membered ring with Se—Se 2.34 ∠SeSeSe 102 ED
chair conformation
SiBrF3 C3v Si—F 1.559 Si—Br 2.156 ∠FSiBr 108.5 MW
SiBrH3 C3v Si—Br 2.210 Si—H 1.486 ∠HSiBr 107.8 MW
SiCl Si—Cl (re) 2.058 UV
SiClH3 C3v Si—Cl 2.049 Si—H 1.486 ∠HSiCl 107.9 MW
SiCl4 T4 Si—Cl 2.019 ED
SiF Si—F 1.6008 UV
SiFH3 C3v Si—F 1.593 Si—H 1.486 ∠HSiH 110.63 MW, IR
SiF2 Si—F (re) 1.590 ∠FSiF (θe) 100.8 MW
SiF3H C3v Si—H ((re) 1.4468 Si—F (re) 1.5624 ∠HSiF (θe) 110.64 MW
SiF4 Td Si—F 1.553 ED
SiH Si—H (re) 1.5201 UV
SiH3I C3v Si—I 2.437 Si—H 1.486 ∠HSH 107.8 MW
SiH4 Td Si—H 1.4798 IR
SiN Si—N (re) 1.572 UV
SiO Si—O (re) 1.5097 MW
SiS Si—S (re) 1.9293 MW
SiSe Si—Se (re) 2.0583 MW
Si2 Si—Si (re) 2.246 UV
Si2Cl6 Si—Si 2.32 Si—Cl 2.009 ∠ClSiCl 109.7 ED
Si2F6 Si—Si 2.317 Si—F 1.564 ∠FSiF 108.6 ED
Si2H6 Si—Si 2.331 Si—H 1.492 ED
∠SiSiH 110.3 ∠HSiH 108.6
SnBr2 Sn—Br (re) 2.501 ∠BrSnBr 100.0 ED
SnCl Sn—Cl (re) 2.361 UV
SnCl2 Sn—Cl (re) 2.335 ∠ClSnCl 99.1 ED
SnCl4 Td Sn—Cl 2.281 ED
SnF Sn—F (re) 1.944 UV
SnH Sn—H (re) 1.7815 UV
SnH4 Td Sn—H 1.711 R, IR
SnI2 Sn—I (re) 2.688 ED
SnO Sn—O (re) 1.8325 MW,UV
SnS Sn—S (re) 2.2090 MW
SnSe Sn—Se (re) 2.3256 MW
SnTe Sn—Te (re) 2.5228 MW
SrBr Sr—Br (re) 2.7352 UV
SrBr2 quasilinear Sr—Br 2.783 ED
SrCl2 Sr—Cl 2.630 ∠ClSrCl 155 ED
SrF Sr—F (re) 2.0754 UV
SrH Sr—H (re) 2.1456 UV
SrI Sr—I (re) 2.9436 UV
SrI2 linear Sr—I 3.01 ED
SrO Sr—O (re) 1.9198 MW
SrOH Sr—O 2.111 O—H 0.922 UV
SrS Sr—S (re) 2.4405 UV
TaBr5 D3h Ta—Breq 2.412 Ta—Brax 2.473 ED
TaCl5 D3h Ta—Cleq 2.268 Ta—Clax 2.315 ED
TaO Ta—O (re) 1.6875 UV
TbCl3 C3v Tb—Cl 2.476 ED
TeF6 Oh Te—F 1.815 ED
TeH Te—H 1.74 UV
Molecular
TeO Te—O (re) 1.825 UV

Te2 Te—Te (re) 2.5574 UV
ThCl4 Td Th—Cl 2.567 ED
ThF4 Td Th—F 2.124 ED


ThO Th—O (re) 1.84032 UV
TiBr4 Td Ti—Br 2.339 ED
TiCl3 D3h Ti—Cl 2.208 ED
TiCl4 Td Ti—Cl 2.170 ED
TiF Ti—F 1.8342 MW
TiF4 Td Ti—F 1.756 ED
TiI3 D3h Ti—I 2.568 ED
TiI4 Td Ti—I 2.546 ED
TiO Ti—O (re) 1.620 UV
TiS Ti—S (re) 2.0825 UV
TlBr Tl—Br (re) 2.6182 MW
TlCl Tl—Cl (re) 2.4848 MW
TlF Tl—F (re) 2.0844 MW
TlH Tl—H (re) 1.870 UV
TlI Tl—I (re) 2.8137 MW
UCl4 Td U—Cl 2.506 ED
UCl6 Oh U—F 2.46 ED
UF4 Td U—F 2.059 ED
UF6 Oh U—F 2.000 ED
UI3 C3v U—I 2.88 ED
VCl3O C3v V—O 1.570 V—Cl 2.142 ∠ClVCl 111.3 ED, MW
VBr4 Td (Jahn-Teller effect) V—Br 2.276 ED
VCl4 Td (Jahn-Teller effect) V—Cl 2.138 ED
VF3 D3h V—F 1.751 ED
VF5 V—Feq 1.709 V—Fax 1.736 ED
VMo V—Mo 1.876 UV
VO V—O (re) 1.5893 UV
WClF5 Cl F W—F (av.) 1.836 W—Cl 2.251 ∠FaWFb 88.7 MW
b
Fb W Fb
Fb F
a
WCl5 D3h W—Cleq 2.243 W—Clax 2.293 ED

WCl6 Oh W—Cl 2.290 ED
WF4O C4v W—O 1.666 W—F 1.847 ∠FWF 86.2 ED
WF6 Oh W—F 1.833 ED
XeF2 linear Xe—F 1.977 IR
XeF4 D4h Xe—F 1.94 ED
XeF6 Oh Xe—F 1.890 ED
XeO4 Td Xe—O 1.736 ED
YCl Y—Cl 2.385 UV
YCl3 Y—Cl 2.437 ED
YF Y—F (re) 1.9257 UV
YI3 Y—I 2.817 ED
YO Y—O (re) 1.790 UV
YbBr Yb—Br (re) 2.6454 UV
YbH Yb—H (re) 2.0526 UV
ZnBr2 linear Zn—Br 2.204 ED
ZnCl2 linear Zn—Cl 2.072 ED
ZnF Zn—F (re) 1.7677 MW
ZnF2 linear Zn—F 1.742 [Zn—F (re)] 1.729 ED
ZnH Zn—H (re) 1.5949 UV
ZnI2 linear Zn—I 2.401 ED
ZrBr4 Td Zr—Br 2.465 ED
ZrCl4 Td Zr—Cl 2.328 ED
ZrF4 Td Zr—F 1.902 ED
ZrI4 Td Zr—I 2.660 ED
ZrO Zr—O (re) 1.7116 UV
Molecular
a Assumed value

Part 2. Molecules Containing Carbon

Bond Distances in Å and Angles in Degrees
Compound Method
Acetaldehyde
O Ca—O 1.210 Ca—Cb 1.515 ED, MW
Cb H 3 Ca
H
Ca—H 1.128 Cb—H 1.107
∠CbCaO 124.1 ∠CbCaH 115.3 ∠HCbH 109.8
Acetamide
CH3CONH2 C—O 1.220 C—N 1.380 ED
C—C 1.519 N—H 1.022 C—H 1.124
∠CCN 115.1 ∠NCO 122.0
Acetic acid
Oa C—C 1.520 C—Oa 1.214 C—Ob 1.364 ED
CH3 C
Ob H
C—H 1.10 ∠CCOa 126.6 ∠CCOb 110.6
Acetone
(CH3)2CO C—C 1.520 C—O 1.213 C—H 1.103 ED, MW
Symmetry axis of each CH3 is ∠CCC 116.0 ∠HCH 108.5
tilted 2° from the C—C bond
Acetonitrile
CH3CN (C3v) C—N 1.159 C—C 1.468 C—H 1.107 ED, MW
∠CCH 109.7
Acetonitrile-N-oxide
CH3CNO (C3v) C—C 1.442 C—N 1.169 N—O 1.217 MW
Acetyl chloride
CH3COCl C—C 1.506 C—O 1.187 C—H 1.105 ED, MW
C—Cl 1.798 ∠HCH 108.6 ∠OCCl 121.2
∠CCCl 111.6
Acetylene
HC≡CH C—C (re) 1.203 C—H (re) 1.060 IR
Acrolein
H Ca—Cb 1.345 Cb—Cc 1.484 Cc—O 1.217 ED, MW
H Cc O
Ca Cb
H H
(planar s-trans form)
Ca—H 1.10 Cc—H 1.13 ∠HCcCb 114
∠CaCbCc 120.3 ∠CbCcO 123.3 Other CCH 122
(av.)
Acrylonitrile
Ca—Cb 1.343 Cb—Cc 1.438 Cc—N 1.167 ED, MW
Ca—H 1.114 ∠CbCcN 178 ∠CaCbCc 121.7

∠HCC 120
Allene
Molecular
CH2=C=CH2 C—C 1.3084 C—H 1.087 ∠HCH 118.2 IR

Aniline
C6H5NH2 C—C 1.392 C—N 1.431 N—H 0.998 MW

Compound Method
∠HNH 113.9 dihedral angle 140.6
between NH2
plane and N— C
bond
Azetidine
CH2 CH2 C—N 1.482 C—C 1.553 ED
CH2 NH
C—H 1.107 N—H 1.03
∠CCC 86.9 ∠CCN 85.8 ∠CNC 92.2
dihedral angle between 147
CCC and CNC planes
Benzamide
C6H5—CaONH2 C—C (ring) 1.401 C (ring)—Ca 1.511 Ca—O 1.225 ED
C—H 1.112 C—N 1.380
∠CCN 117.8 ∠CCC (ring) 120 ∠CCO 121.2
(ass.)
Benzene
C6H6 C—C 1.399 C—H 1.101 ED, IR
p-Benzoquinone
Ca—O 1.225 Ca—Cb 1.481 Cb—Cb 1.344 ED
∠CbCaCb 118.1
Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane
Ha Ca—Ca 1.497 Ca—Cb 1.498 Ca—Ha 1.071 MW
Ca
Hb Hb
Ca
Cb Cb
Ha
Hc Hc
Cb—Hb 1.093 Cb—Hc 1.093 ∠HbCbHc 115.6
∠CbCaHa 130.4 ∠CaCaHa 128.4 ∠CaCbCa 60.0
dihedral angle between the 121.7
two CaCaCb planes
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
See preceeding structure Ca—Cb 1.54 Cb—Cb 1.56 Ca—Cc 1.56 ED
C7H12 C—C (av.) 1.549 ∠CaCcCa 93.1
two CaCbCbCa planes
Bicyclo[2.2.0]hexa-2,5-diene
H Cb—Cb 1.345 Ca—Ca 1.574 Ca—Cb 1.524 ED
Ca
HCb Cb H
HCb Cb H
Ca
H
two CaCbCbCa planes
Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
HCa(CbH2CbH2)3CaH Ca—Cb 1.54 Cb—Cb 1.55 C—C (av.) 1.542 ED
large-amplitude torsional ∠CaCbCb 109.7
motion about D3h symmetry
axis
Molecular
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane
C5H8 C—C 1.557 ∠CCC 74.2 ED

Compound Method
Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane
Cb H 2 CaH Ca—Ca 1.536 Cb—Cb 1.565 Ca—Cc 1.507 MW
Cb Ca
H2 H CcH2
Ca—Cb 1.528 dihedral angle 112.7
between the
CaCaCbCb and
CaCaCc planes
Biphenyl
C—C (intraring) 1.396 C—C (interring) 1.49 ED
torsional dihedral angle 40a

between the two rings
4,4´-Bipyridyl
C—C (interring) 1.465 C—C (intraring) 1.375 C—N 1.375 ED
(intraring)
torsional dihedral angle 37a

between the two rings
Bis(cyclopentadienyl) beryllium
(C5H5)2Be (C5v) Be—(cyclopentadienyl c C—C 1.423 ED
plane)
Bis(cyclopentadienyl) iron
(C5H5)2Fe (D5h) Fe—C 2.064 C—C 1.440 C—H 1.104 ED
Bis(cyclopentadienyl) lead
(C5H5)2Pb (D5h) Pb—C 2.79 C—C 1.430 ED
dihedral angle between the d
two C5H5 planes
Bis(cyclopentadienyl) manganese
(C5H5)2Mn (D5h) Mn—C 2.383 C—C 1.429 ED
Bis(cyclopentadienyl) nickel
(C5H5)2Ni (D5h) Ni—C 2.196 C—C 1.430 ED
Bis(cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium
(C5H5)2Ru (D5h) Ru—C 2.196 C—C 1.439 ED
Bis(cyclopentadienyl) tin
(C5H5)2Sn (D5h) Sn—C 2.71 C—C 1.431 C—H 1.14 ED
Borane carbonyl
BH3CO (C3v) C—O 1.131 B—C 1.540 B—H 1.194 MW
∠BCO 180 ∠HBH 113.9
Bromobenzene
Br Ca—Cb 1.42 Cb—Cc 1.375 Cc—Cd 1.401 MW
Ca
HCb Cb H
HCc CcH
Cd
H
C—Br 1.85 C—H 1.072 ∠CbCaCb 117.4
Bromochloroacetylene
ClC≡CBr C—Cl 1.636 C—Br 1.784 C—C 1.206 ED
Bromoiodoacetylene
Molecular
IC≡CBr C—I 1.972 C—Br 1.795 C—C 1.206 ED

Bromomethane
CH3Br C—Br (re) 1.933 C—H (re) 1.086 ∠HCH (θe) 111.2 MW, IR

Compound Method
Bromomethyl
CH2Br (planar) C—Br 1.848 C—H 1.084 ∠HCH (ass.) 124.5 MW
Bromomethylene
CHBr (bent) C—Br 1.857 C—H 1.110 ∠HCH 101.0 UV
Bromomethylmercury
CH3HgBr (C3v) C—Hg 2.07 Hg—Br 2.406 MW
1,3-Butadiene
CaH2 Ca—Cb 1.349 Cb—Cb 1.467 C—H (av.) 1.108 ED
Cb H Cb H
CaH2
∠CCC 124.4 ∠CbCaH 120.9
(C2h)
1,3-Butadiyne
HCa≡CbCb≡CaH (linear) Ca—Cb 1.218 Cb—Cb 1.384 C—H 1.09 ED
Butane
CH3CH2CH2CH3 C—C 1.531 C—H 1.117 ∠CCC 113.8 ED
∠CCH 111.0 dihedral angle for 65
the gauche
conformer
2,3-Butanedione
CH3COCOCH3 C—O 1.215 C—C (av.) 1.524 C—H 1.108 ED
trans conformer ∠CCC 116.2 ∠CCO 119.5
2-Butanone
O C—C (av.) 1.518 Cc—O 1.219 C—H (av.) 1.102 ED
C aH 3 Cc
Cb H 2 CdH3
trans conformer ∠CaCbCc 113.5 ∠CbCcO 121.9 ∠CdCcO 121.9
1,2,3-Butatriene
H2Ca=Cb=Cb=CaH2 (D2h) Ca—Cb 1.32 Cb—Cb 1.28 C—H 1.08 ED
cis-2-Butene
CaH3CbH=CbHCaH3 Ca—Cb 1.506 Cb—Cb 1.346 ∠CaCbCb 125.4 ED
trans-2-Butene
CaH3CbH=CbHCaH3 Ca—Cb 1.508 Cb—Cb 1.347 ∠CaCbCb 123.8 ED
1-Buten-3-yne
Ha Hc Ca—Cb 1.344 Cb—Cc 1.434 Cc—Cd 1.215 ED, MW
Ca C b
Hb Cc
Cd
Hd
Ca—Ha 1.11 Cd—Hd 1.09
∠CaCbCc 123.1 ∠CbCcCd 178 ∠HaCaCb 119
∠HbCaCb 122 ∠HcCbCa 122 ∠CcCdHd 182
tert-Butyl chloride
(CH3)3CCl C—C 1.528 C—Cl 1.828 C—H 1.102 ED, MW
∠CCCl 107.3 ∠CCH 110.8 ∠CCC 111.6
2-Butyne
CaH3—Cb≡Cb—CaH3 Cb—Cb 1.214 Ca—Cb 1.468 C—H 1.116 ED
∠CbCaH 110.7
Molecular
Carbon dimer
C2 C—C (re) 1.2425 UV
Carbon trimer
C3 (linear) C—C 1.277 UV

Compound Method
Carbon dioxide
CO2 (linear) C—O (re) 1.1600 IR
Carbon disulfide
CS2 (linear) C—S (re) 1.5526 IR
Carbon monobromide
CBr C—Br 1.8209 UV
Carbon monoselenide
CSe C—Se (re) 1.67609 UV
Carbon monosulfide
CS C—S (re) 1.5349 MW
Carbon monoxide
CO C—O (re) 1.1283 MW
Carbon oxyselenide
OCSe (linear) C—O 1.159 C—Se 1.709 MW
Carbon oxysulfide
OCS (linear) C—O (re) 1.1578 C—S (re) 1.5601 MW
Carbon phosphide
CP C—P (re) 1.562 UV
Carbon sulfide selenide
SCSe (linear) C—S 1.553 C—Se 1.693 MW
Carbon sulfide telluride
SCTe (linear) C—S 1.557 C—Te 1.904 MW
Carbon suboxide
OCCCO (linear) C—C 1.289 C—O 1.163 ED
Carbonyl bromide
COBr2 C—O 1.178 C—Br 1.923 ∠BrCBr 112.3 ED, MW
Carbonyl chloride
COCl2 C—O 1.179 C—Cl 1.742 ∠ClCCl 111.8 ED, MW
Carbonyl chloride fluoride
COClF C—O 1.173 C—F 1.334 C—Cl 1.725 ED, MW
∠ClCO 127.5 ∠FCCl 108.8
Carbonyl dicyanide
CO(CN)2 C—O 1.209 C—C 1.466 C—N 1.153 ED, MW
∠CCC 115 ∠CCN 180
Carbonyl fluoride
COF2 C—O 1.172 C—F 1.3157 ∠FCF 107.71 ED, MW
Chloroacetylene
HC≡CCl C—Cl 1.6368 C—C 1.2033 C—H 1.0550 MW
Chlorobenzene
C6H5Cl C—C 1.400 C—Cl 1.737 C—H 1.083 ED
Chlorocyanoacetylene
ClC≡C—CN C—Cl 1.624 C—N 1.160 C—C 1.205 ED
C—CN 1.362
Chloroethane
C—C 1.528 C—Cl 1.802 C—H 1.103 ED, MW
∠CCCl 110.7 ∠HbCbHb 109.8 ∠HaCaHa 109.2

∠CbCaHa 110.6 Ca—Ha= Cb—Hb
Molecular
(ass.)
2-Chloroethanol
ClCH2CH2OH C—O 1.413 C—C 1.519 C—Cl 1.801 ED

Compound Method
(gauche) O—H 1.033 C—H 1.093
∠CCCl 110.7 ∠CCO 113.8 dihedral angle 62.4
of internal
rotation
Chloroiodoacetylene
ClC≡CI C—Cl 1.63 C—I 1.99 C—C (ass.) 1.209 MW
Chloromethane
CH3Cl C—Cl 1.785 C—H 1.090 ∠HCH 110.8 MW, IR
Chloromethylidyne
CCl C—Cl 1.6512 UV
Chloromethylmercury
CH3HgCl (C3v) C—Hg 2.06 Hg—Cl 2.282 MW
trans-1-Chloropropene
CH3CH=CHCl C—Cl 1.728 ∠CCCl 121.9 MW
3-Chloropropene
CH2ClCH=CH2cis conformer C—Cl 1.811 ∠CCCl 115.2 MW
skew conformer C—Cl 1.809 ∠CCCl 109.6 dihedral angle 122.4
of internal
rotation
Chlorotrifluoromethane
CClF3(C3v) C—Cl 1.752 C—F 1.325 ∠FCF 108.6 ED, MW
Chromium carbonyl
Cr (CO)6 Cr—C 1.92 C—O 1.16 ∠CrCO 180 ED
Cobalt cyanide
CoC≡N Co—C 1.883 C—N 1.131 MW
Copper cyanide
CuC≡N Cu—C 1.832 C—N 1.158 MW
Cyanamide
H2NaCNb Na—C 1.346 C—Nb 1.160 N—H 1.00 MW
∠HNH 114 dihedral angle 142
between NH2
plane and N— C
bond
Cyanide
CN C—N(re) 1.1718 MW
Cyanoacetylene
HCa≡Cb—CcN Ca—Cb 1.205 Cb—Cc 1.378 C—H 1.058 MW
Cc—N 1.159
Cyanocyclopropane
C3H5CaN C—C (ring) 1.513 C—Ca 1.472 Ca—N 1.157 MW
C—H 1.107 ∠CaCH 119.6 ∠HCH 114.6
Cyanogen
N≡C—C≡N (linear) C—N 1.163 C—C 1.393 ED
Cyanogen azide
N≡C—N=N≡N C—N 1.312 N=N 1.252 N≡N 1.133 MW
(planar) C≡N 1.164 ∠CNN 120.2 ∠NCN 176.0
Cyanogen bromide
BrCN (linear) C—N(re) 1.157 C—Br(re) 1.790 MW
Cyanogen chloride
ClCN (linear) C—Cl(re) 1.629 C—N(re) 1.160 MW
Cyanogen fluoride
Molecular
FCN (linear) C—F 1.262 C—N 1.159 MW

Cyanogen iodide
ICN (linear) C—I 1.995 C—N 1.159 MW

Compound Method
1-Cyano-2-propyne
HCa≡CbCcH2Cd≡N Ca—Cb (ass) 1.207 Cb—Cc(ass.) 1.465 Cc—Cd 1.454 MW
Cd—N (ass.) 1.159 Ca—H (ass.) 1.057 Cc—H (ass.) 1.090
∠CbCcCd 113.4 ∠HCcH (ass.) 109.4 ∠CbCcH 111.3
Cyclobutane
(CH2)4 C—C 1.555 C—H 1.113 ED
dihedral angle between the 145
two CCC planes
Cyclobutanone
Cb H 2 Ca—Cb 1.527 Cb—Cc 1.556 MW
CcH2 Ca O
Cb H2
∠CbCaCb 93.1 ∠CaCbCc 88.0
Cyclobutene
Ca—Ca 1.566 Cb—Cb 1.342 Ca—Cb 1.517 MW
Ca—H 1.094 Cb—H 1.083

∠CaCbCb 94.2 ∠CbCbH 133.5 ∠HCaH 109.2
∠CaCaH 114.5 ∠CaCaCb 85.8 dihedral angle 135.8
between CH2
plane and
Ca—Ca bond
2,4,6-Cycloheptatrien-1-one
O Ca—Cb 1.45 Cb—Cc 1.36 Cc—Cd 1.46 ED
Ca
HCb Cb H
HCc C cH
Cd Cd
H H (C2v)
Cd—Cd 1.34 Ca—O 1.23 ∠CbCaCb 122
∠CaCbCc 133 ∠CbCcCd 126 ∠CcCdCd 130
Cyclohexane
C6H12 (chair form) C—C 1.536 C—H 1.119 ∠CCC 111.3 ED
Cyclohexene
HCa CaH Ca—Ca 1.334 Ca—Cb 1.50 Cb—Cc 1.52 ED
H2 Cb Cb H2
CcH2 CcH2
half-chair form (C2)
Cc—Cc 1.54 ∠CaCaCb 123.4 ∠CaCbCc 112.0
∠CbCcCc 110.9
Cyclooctatetraene
Ca—Cb 1.476 Ca—Ca 1.340 Cb—Cb 1.340 ED
tub form (D2d)

C—H 1.100 ∠CbCaCa 126.1 ∠CaCbCb 126.1
dihedral angle between 136.9
CaCaCaCa and CaCbCbCa
planes
Molecular

Compound Method
1,3-Cyclopentadiene
CaH2 Ca—Cb 1.509 Cb—Cc 1.342 Cc—Cc 1.469 MW
HCb Cb H
HCc CcH
∠CaCbCc 109.3 ∠CbCcCc 109.4 ∠CbCaCb 102.8
Cyclopentadienylindium
C—In 2.621 C—C 1.426 (C5v) ED
Cyclopentane
(CH2)5 C—C 1.546 C—H 1.114 ∠CCH 111.7 ED
Cyclopentene
CaH2 Ca—Cb 1.546 Cb—Cc 1.519 Cc—Cc 1.342 ED
H 2 Cb Cb H 2
CcH C cH
∠CaCbCc 103.0 ∠CbCcCc 110.0 ∠CbCaCb 104.0
CbCaCb and CbCcCcCb
planes
Cyclopropane
(CH2)3 C—C 1.512 C—H 1.083 ∠HCH 114.0 R
Cyclopropanone
H 2 Cb Ca—Cb 1.475 Cb—Cb 1.575 Ca—O 1.191 MW
Ca O
H 2 Cb
C—H 1.086 ∠CaCbCb 57.7 ∠HCbH 114
CH2 plane and Cb—Cb
bond
Cyclopropene
CaH2 Ca—Cb 1.505 Cb—Cb 1.293 Ca—H 1.085 MW
HCb Cb H
Cb—H 1.072 ∠CbCbH 150 ∠HCaH 114.3
Cyclopropenone
H H Ca—Cb (rs) 1.423 Cb—Cc (rs) 1.349 Ca—O (rs) 1.212 MW
Cb Cc
Ca
O
C2v
C—H (rs) 1.079 ∠HCbCc (θs) 144.3 CbCaCc (θs) 56.6
Decalin
C10H18 C—C (av.) 1.530 C—H (av.) 1.113 ∠CCC (av.) 111.4 ED
Diazirine
N C—N 1.482 N—N 1.228 C—H 1.09 MW
CH2
N
∠HCH 117
Molecular

Compound Method
Diazoacetonitrile
H Ca—Cb 1.424 Ca—Na 1.165 Cb—Nb 1.280 MW
Cb
Ca Nb
Na Nc
Nb—Nc 1.132 C—H 1.082
∠CaCbH 117 ∠CaCbNb 119.5
Diazomethane
CH2N2 C—N 1.32 N—N 1.12 C—H 1.075 MW, IR
∠HCH 126.0
1,2-Dibromoethane
CH2BrCH2Br C—C 1.506 C—Br 1.950 C—H 1.108 ED
∠CCBr 109.5 ∠CCH 110
Dibromomethane
CH2Br2 C—Br 1.924 C—H 1.08 ∠HCBr 109 ED
∠BrCBr 113.2
2,2’-Dichlorobiphenyl
C6H4Cl—C6H4Cl C—C (rings) 1.398 C—C (interring) 1.495 C—H 1.10 ED
C—Cl 1.732 ∠CCCl 121.4 ∠CCH 126
dihedral angle between the 74
two rings (defined as 0 for
cis conformer)
trans-1,4-Dichlorocyclohexane
C6H10Cl2 C—C 1.530 C—Cl 1.810 C—H 1.102 ED
∠CCC 111.5
equatorial: ∠CCCl 108.6 ∠HCCl 111.5
axial: ∠CCCl 110.6 ∠HCCl 107.6
1,1-Dichloroethane
CHCl2CH3 C—C 1.540 C—Cl 1.766 MW
∠ClCCl 112.0 ∠CCCl 111.0
1,2-Dichloroethane
CH2ClCH2Cl C—C 1.531 C—Cl 1.790 C—H 1.11 ED
∠CCCl 109.0 ∠CCH 113
1,1-Dichloroethene
CH2=CCl2 (C2v) C—C (ass.) 1.32 C—Cl 1.73 MW
∠ClCC 123
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene
CHCl=CHCl C—C 1.354 C—Cl 1.718 ED
∠ClCC 123.8
Dichloromethane
CH2Cl2 C—Cl (re) 1.765 C—H (re) 1.087 MW, IR
∠ClCCl (θe) 112.0 ∠HCH (θe) 111.5
1,2-Dicyanocyclobutene
Cc N Ca—Ca’ 1.361 Ca—Cb 1.515 Cb—Cb’ 1.567 MW
H2Cb Ca
H2Cb´ Ca´
Cc´ N
C2v
Ca—Cc 1.420 Cc—N 1.157 Cb—H 1.088
∠Ca’CaCb 93.9 ∠CaCbCb’ 86.1 ∠CaCcN 178.2
∠CbCaCc 133.3 ∠CaCbH 114.7 ∠Ca’CaCbH 115.8
Molecular
Difluorocyanamide
F2Nb—C≡Na C—Na 1.158 C—Nb 1.386 Nb—F 1.399 MW
∠NaCNb 174 ∠CNbF 105.4 ∠FNbF 102.8

Compound Method
Difluorocyclopropenone
F F Ca—Cb 1.453 Cb—Cc 1.324 Ca—O 1.192 MW
Cb Cc
Ca
O
C2v
C—F 1.314 ∠FCbCc 145.7
Difluorodimethylsilane
(CH3)2SiF2 C—Si 1.844 Si—F 1.585 C—H (ass.) 1.093 MW
∠CSiC 115.2 ∠FSiF 106.1 ∠SiCH (ass.) 110.8
1,1-Difluoroethane
CH3CHF2 C—C 1.498 C—F 1.364 C—H (av.) 1.081 ED
∠CCF 110.7 ∠CCH (av.) 111.0 dihedral angle 118.9
between CCF
planes
1,2-Difluoroethane
CH2FCH2F C—C 1.503 C—F 1.389 C—H 1.103 ED
∠CCF 110.3 ∠CCH 111 dihedral angle 109
of internal
rotation
1,1-Difluoroethene
CH2=CF2 C—C 1.340 C—F 1.315 C—H 1.091 ED, MW
∠CCF 124.7 ∠CCH 119.0
cis-1,2-Difluoroethene
CHF=CHF C—C 1.33 C—F 1.342 C—H 1.099 ED, MW
∠CCF 122.0 ∠CCH 124.1
Difluoromethane
CH2F2 C—F 1.357 C—H 1.093 MW
∠FCF 108.3 ∠HCH 113.7
Dimethoxymethane
Ca—O 1.432 Cb—O 1.382 C—H (av.) 1.108 ED
∠COC 114.6 ∠OCO 114.3 ∠OCH 110.3

Dimethylamine
(CH)2NH C—N 1.455 N—H 1.00 C—H 1.106 ED
∠CNC 111.8 ∠CNH 107 ∠NCH 112
∠HCH 107
Dimethylberyllium
(CH3)2Be (CBeC linear) C—Be 1.698 C—H 1.127 ∠BeCH 113.9 ED
Dimethyl cadmium
(CH3)2Cd C—Cd 2.112 ∠HCH 108.4 R
Dimethyl carbonate
(CaH3Oa)2Cb=Ob Cb—Ob 1.209 Cb—Oa 1.34 Ca—Oa 1.42 ED
∠OaCbOa 107 ∠CbOaCa 114.5
Dimethylcyanamide
(CaH3)2Na—Cb≡Nb Cb—Nb 1.161 Ca—Na 1.463 Cb—Na 1.338 ED
trans-Dimethyldiazene
CH3N=NCH3 C—N 1.482 N—N 1.247 ∠CNN 112.3 ED
∠CaNCa 115.5 ∠CaNCb 116.0
1,2-Dimethyldiborane
Molecular
CH3 Hb CH3 B—B 1.799 B—C 1.580 ED

B B
Ht Hb Ht

Compound Method
B—Hb (cis) 1.358 B—Hb (trans) 1.365 B—Ht 1.24
∠BBC (cis) 122.6 ∠BBC (trans) 121.8
Dimethyl diselenide
(CH3)2Se2 C—Se 1.95 Se—Se 2.326 C—H 1.13 ED
∠CSeSe 98.9 ∠HCSe 108 CSeSeC 88
dihedral angle
Dimethyl disulfide
(CH3)2S2 C—S 1.816 S—S 2.029 C—H 1.105 ED
∠SSC 103.2 ∠SCH 111.3 CSSC dihedral 85
angle
S,S´-Dimethyl dithiocarbonate
CaH3 SCb SCaH3 Ca—S 1.802 Cb—S 1.777 Cb—O 1.206 ED
O
syn-syn conformer
∠OCS 124.9 ∠CSC 99.3
Dimethyl ether
(CH3)2O C—O 1.416 C—H 1.121 ED
∠COC 112 ∠HCH 108
N,N’-Dimethylhydrazine
CH3NH—NHCH3 C—N 1.46 N—N 1.42 N—H 1.03 ED
C—H 1.12 ∠NNC 112 CNNC dihedral 90
angle
Dimethyl mercury
(CH3)2Hg C—Hg 2.083 C—H (ass.) 1.160 Hg···H 2.71 ED
Dimethylphosphine
(CH3)2PH C—P 1.848 P—H 1.419 MW
∠CPC 99.7 ∠CPH 97.0
2,2-Dimethylpropanenitrile
(CcH3)3Cb—Ca≡N Ca—Cb 1.495 Cb—Cc 1.536 Ca—N 1.159 MW
∠CcCbCc 110.5
Dimethyl selenide
(CH3)2Se C—Se 1.943 C—H 1.093 MW
∠CSeC 96.2 ∠SeCH 108.7 ∠HCH 110.3
Dimethyl silane
(CH3)2SiH2 C—Si 1.868 C—H 1.089 Si—H 1.482 MW
∠CSiC 110.9 ∠CSiH 109.5 ∠SiCH 110.9
∠HSiH 107.8
Dimethyl sulfide
(CH3)2S C—S 1.802 C—H 1.090 ED, MW
∠CSC 98.80 ∠HCH 109.3
Dimethyl sulfone
(CH3)2SO2 C—S 1.771 S—O 1.435 C—H 1.114 ED
∠CSC 102 ∠OSO 121
Dimethyl sulfoxide
(CH3)2SO C—S 1.799 S—O 1.485 C—H 1.081 MW
∠CSC 96.6 ∠CSO 106.7 ∠HCH 110.3
SCC plane and S—O
bond
Dimethyl zinc
(CH3)2Zn C—Zn 1.929 ∠HCH 107.7 R
1,4-Dioxane
Molecular
CH2 CH2 C—C 1.523 C—O 1.423 C—H 1.112 ED

O O
CH2 CH2

Compound Method
∠CCO 109.2 ∠COC 112.45
Ethane
C2H6 C—C 1.5351 C—H 1.0940 ∠CCH 111.17 MW
staggered conformation C—C (re) 1.522
1,2-Ethanediamine
H2NCH2CH2NH2 C—C 1.545 C—N 1.469 C—H 1.11 ED
gauche conformer ∠CCN 110.2 dihedral angle 64
between NCC
and CCN planes
Ethanethiol
CbH3—CaH2—SH Ca—Cb 1.530 Ca—S 1.829 S—H 1.350 MW
Ca—H 1.090 Cb—H 1.093 ∠CaSH 96.4
∠CbCaS 108.3 ∠CbCaH 109.6 ∠CaCbH 109.7
Ethanol
CbH3CaH2OH C—C 1.512 C—O 1.431 O—H 0.971 MW
staggered conformation Ca—H 1.10 Cb—H 1.09 ∠COH 105
∠CCO 107.8 ∠CbCaH 111 ∠CaCbH 110
Ethylene
CH2=CH2 C—C (rs) 1.329 C—H (rs) 1.082 ∠HCH (θs) 117.2 MW, IR
Ethyleneimine
Ha C—C 1.481 N—C 1.475 MW
Hb N Hb
C C
Hc Hc
C—H 1.084 N—H 1.016
∠CNC 60.3 ∠HaNC 109.3 ∠HbCHc 115.7
∠HbCC 117.8 ∠HbCN 118.3 ∠HcCC 119.3
∠HcCN 114.3
Ethyl methyl ether
C2H5OCH3 C—C 1.520 C—O (av.) 1.418 C—H (av.) 1.118 ED
∠COC 111.9 ∠OCC 109.4 ∠HCH 109.0
Ethyl methyl sulfide
C2H5SCH3 C—C 1.536 C—S (av.) 1.813 C—H 1.111 ED
gauche conformer ∠CSC 97 ∠SCC 114.0 ∠HCH 110
Fluoroketene
HFC=C=O C—C 1.317 C—O 1.167 C—F 1.360 MW
C—H 1.102 ∠CCO 178.0 ∠CCF 119.5
∠CCH 122.3
Fluoromethane
CH3F C—F (re) 1.382 C—H (re) 1.095 ∠HCH (θe) 110.45 MW, IR
Fluoromethylidyne
CF C—F (re) 1.2718 UV
(Fluoromethylidyne) phosphine
FC≡P C—F 1.285 C—P 1.541 MW
2-Fluoropropane
CH3CHFCH3 C—C 1.522 C—F 1.398 MW
∠CCC 113.4 ∠CCF 108.2
Formaldehyde
H2CO C—O 1.208 C—H 1.116 ∠HCH 116.5 MW
Formaldehyde azine
H2C=N—N=CH2 C—N 1.277 N—N 1.418 C—H 1.094 ED
Molecular
trans conformer ∠CNN 111.4 ∠HCN 120.7

Compound Method
Formaldehyde oxime
Ha OHc C—N 1.276 N—O 1.408 O—Hc 0.956 MW
C N
Hb
C—Ha 1.085 C—Hb 1.086 ∠CNO 110.2
∠HaCN 121.8 ∠HbCN 115.6 ∠NOHc 102.7
Formamide
Hc O C—N 1.368 C—O 1.212 C—Ha 1.125 ED, MW
N C
Hb Ha
N—H 1.027 ∠CNH (av.) 119.2 ∠NCO 125.0
Formic acid
Hc O C—Oa 1.202 C—Ob 1.343 Ob—H 0.972 MW
N C
Hb Ha
C—H 1.097
∠OaCOb 124.9 ∠HCOa 124.1 ∠CObH 106.3
Formic acid dimer
H2 C—Oa 1.220 C—Ob 1.323 Oa···Ob 2.703 ED
Cc
CaH
HCb Cb H
Ca
HCb H Cb H
∠OaCOb 126.2 ∠COaOb 108.5
Formyl radical
HC=O C—O 1.1712 C—H 1.110 ∠HCO 127.43 MW
Fulvene
Ca—Cd 1.349 Ca—Cb 1.470 Cb—Cc 1.355 MW
Cc—Cc 1.476 Cb—H 1.078 Cc—H 1.080

Cd—H 1.13 ∠CbCaCb 106.6 ∠CbCcCc 109
∠CaCbCc 107.7 ∠CaCbH 124.7 ∠CbCcH 126.4
∠HCdH 117
Furan
Ha O Ha Ca—Cb 1.361 Cb—Cb 1.431 Ca—O 1.362 MW
Ca Ca
Cb Cb
Hb Hb
Ca—Ha 1.075 Cb—Hb 1.077
∠CaCbCb 106.1 ∠CbCaO 110.7 ∠CaOCa 106.6
∠CbCbHb 128.0 ∠OCaHa 115.9
Furfural
Ca—Ce 1.458 Ce—Ob 1.250 Ce—H 1.088 MW
Molecular
∠CaCeO 121.6 ∠CeCaCb 133.9 ∠CaCeH 116.9

Compound Method
trans conformer (with
respect to Oa and Ob
atoms)
Glycolaldehyde
Hc Ob Ca—Cb 1.499 Ca—Oa 1.437 Cb—Ob 1.209 MW
Cb
H b Ca Ha
Hb Oa
Ca—Hb 1.093 Cb—Hc 1.102 Oa—Ha 1.051
∠CaCbOb 122.7 ∠CbCaOa 111.5
∠CaCbHc 115.3 ∠CbCaHb 109.2 ∠HbCaHb 107.6
∠CaOaHa 101.6 ∠HbCaOa 109.7
Glyoxal
CHOCHO C—C 1.526 C—O 1.212 C—H 1.132 ED, UV
trans conformer ∠CCO 121.2 ∠HCO 112
Hexachloroethane
Cl3CCCl3 C—C 1.56 C—Cl 1.769 ∠CCCl 110.0 ED
2,4-Hexadiyne
CaH3Cb≡CcCc≡CbCaH3 Ca—Cb 1.450 Cb—Cc 1.208 Cc—Cc 1.377 ED
Ca—H 1.09
Hexafluoroethane
F3CCF3 C—C 1.545 CF 1.326 ∠CCF 109.8 ED
Hexafluoropropene
CF2=CFCF3 C—C 1.513 C=C (ass.) 1.329 C—F (ass.) 1.329 ED
∠CCC 127.8 ∠FCC (CF) 120 ∠FCC(CF2) 124
∠FCC(CF3) 110
trans-1,3,5-Hexatriene
H2Ca=CbHCcH=CcHCbH=CaH2 Ca—Cb 1.337 Cb—Cc 1.458 Cc—Cc 1.368 ED
∠CaCbCc 121.7 ∠CbCcCc 124.4
Hydrogen cyanide
HCN (linear) C—H (re) 1.0655 C—N (re) 1.1532 MW, IR
Iminocyanide radical
HNCN N—H 1.034 N···N 2.470 UV
∠HNC 116.5 ∠NCN 180a
Iodoacetylene
IC≡CH C—C 1.218 C—I 1.980 C—H 1.059 IR
Iodocyanoacetylene
ICa≡CbCc≡N Ca—Cb 1.207 Cb—Cc 1.370 Cc—N 1.160 MW
(linear) Ca—I 1.985
Iodomethane
CH3I C—I (re) 2.132 C—H (re) 1.084 ∠HCH(θe) 111.2 MW, IR
Iron pentacarbonyl
Fe(CO)5 (D3h) Fe—C (av.) 1.821 (Fe—C)eq 0.020 C—O (av.) 1.153 ED
– (Fe—C)ax
Isobutane
(CbH3)3CaH Ca—Cb 1.535 Ca—H 1.122 Cb—H 1.113 ED, MW
∠CbCaCb 110.8 ∠CaCbH 111.4
Isobutene
CaH3 Hc Ca—Cb 1.508 Cb—Cc 1.342 Ca—H 1.119 ED, MW
Cb Cc
Molecular
CaH3 H
Cc—Hc 1.10
∠CaCbCa 115.6 ∠CaCbCc 122.2 ∠CbCcH 121
∠HCaCb (av.) 111.4 ∠HCaH 107.9 ∠HcCcHc 118.5

Compound Method
Isocyanic acid
HNCO (bent) N—C 1.209 C—O 1.166 N—H 0.986 MW
∠NCO 180 ∠HNC 128.0
Isocyanomethane
CaH3—N≡Cb Ca—N 1.424 N—Cb 1.166 Ca—H 1.102 MW
∠NCaH 109.12
∠HCH 123.0
Isofulminic acid
HCNO (linear) C—N 1.161 N—O 1.207 H—C 1.027 MW
Isothiocyanic acid
HNCS N—C 1.216 C—S 1.561 N—H 0.989 MW
∠NCS 180 ∠HNC 135.0
Ketene
H2C=C=O C—C 1.315 C—O 1.163 MW
C—H 1.090 ∠HCH 123.5
Malononitrile
CH2(CN)2 C—C 1.480 C—N 1.147 C—H 1.091 MW
∠CCC 110.4 ∠CCN 176.6 ∠HCH 108.4
Methane
CH4 C—H (re) 1.0870 IR
Methanethioamide
S Ha C—S 1.626 C—N 1.358 C—Hc 1.10 MW
C N
Hc Hb
N—Ha 1.002 N—Hb 1.007
∠NCS 125.3 ∠HaNC 117.9 ∠HbNC 120.4
∠SCHc 127 ∠HaNHb 121.7 ∠NCHc 108
Methanethiol
CH3SH C—S 1.819 S—H 1.34 C—H 1.09 MW
∠HSC 96.5 ∠HCH 109.8 angle between 2.2
CH3
symmetry axis
and C—S
bond
Methanol
CH3OH C—O 1.4246 C—H 1.0936 O—H 0.9451 MW
∠COH 108.53 ∠HCH 108.63 angle between 3.27
CH3
symmetry axis
and C—O
bond
Methyl-N-methylacetamide
·CH3 planar (D3h) C—H 1.076 R
H3 Ca H Ca—Cb 1.520 Cb—N 1.386 Cc—N 1.469 ED
Cb N
O CcH3
Cb—O 1.225 C—H 1.107
∠CbNCc 119.7 ∠NCbO 121.8 ∠CaCbN 114.1
Methylamine
CH3NH2 C—N 1.471 N—H 1.019 C—H 1.095 MW
∠HNC 110.3 ∠HNH 106.6 ∠HCH 108.1
angle between CH3 4.3
Molecular
symmetry axis and C—N

bond

Compound Method
Methyl azide
CH3 C—Na 1.468 Na—Nb 1.216 Nb—Nc 1.113 ED
Na Nb Nc
C—H 1.09 ∠CNaNb 116.8
3-Methyl-3H-diazirine
N C—C 1.501 C—N 1.481 N—N 1.235 MW
CH3 CH
N
∠NCN 49.3 dihedral angle 122.3
between CNN
plane and C—C
bond
Methylene
:CH2 C—H (re) 1.0748 ∠HCH(θe) 133.84 IR,MW
Methylenecyclopropane
CcH2 Ca—Cb 1.332 Cb—Cc 1.457 Cc—Cc 1.542 MW
Cb CaH2
CcH2
Cc—H 1.09 ∠CcCbCc 63.9 ∠HCaH 114.3
∠HCcH 113.5 dihedral angle 150.8
between CcH2
plane and
Cc—Cc bond
3-Methyleneoxetane
Cc H 2 Ca—Cb 1.33 Cb—Cc 1.52 Cc—O 1.45 MW
O Cb Ca H 2
CcH2
C—H (ass) 1.09 ∠HCcH (ass) 114 ∠HCaH (ass) 120
∠CcCbCc 87
Methylenephosphine
CHcHt=PH C—P 1.673 C—Hc 1.09 C—Ht 1.09 MW
planar P—H 1.420 ∠CPH 97.4
∠HCH 117.2 ∠PCHc 124.4 ∠PCHt 118.4
Methyl formate
CaH3 Ob Cb—Ob 1.206 C—O (av.) 1.393 Ca—H 1.08 ED
Oa Cb
Hb
Cb—H (ass) 1.101
∠COC 114 ∠OaCbOb 127 ∠OaCaH 110
Methylgermane
CH3GeH3 C—Ge 1.945 Ge—H 1.529 C—H 1.083 MW
∠HGeH 109.3 ∠HCH 108.4
Methyl hypochlorite
CH3OCl C—O 1.389 O—Cl 1.674 C—H 1.103 MW
∠COC l 112.8 ∠HCH 109.6
Methylidyne
:CH C—H (re) 1.1198 UV
Methylidynephosphine
HCP C—P (re) 1.5398 C—H (re) 1.0692 MW
Methylketene
Molecular
CcH3 Ca—Cb 1.306 Cb—Cc 1.518 Ca—O 1.171 MW
Cb Ca O
H

Compound Method
Cb—H 1.083 Cc—H 1.10
∠OCaCb 180.5 ∠CaCbCc 122.6 ∠CaCbH 113.7
∠CcCbH 123.7 ∠HCH 109.2
Methyl nitrate
Ha H a Oa C—O 1.437 C—Ha 1.10 C—Hb 1.09 MW
C N
Hb O Ob
O—N 1.402 N—Oa 1.205 N—Ob 1.208
∠CON 112.7 ∠ONOa 118.1 ∠ONOb 112.4
∠OCHa 110 ∠OCHb 103
Methyloxirane
CaH3 Cb H CcH2 Ca—Cb 1.51 ∠CaCbCc 121.0 dihedral angle 123.8 MW
between
O CbCcO plane
and CaCbbond
Methylphosphine
CH3PH2 C—P 1.858 C—H 1.094 ED
Methylphosphonic difluoride
CH3POF2 C—P 1.770 P—O 1.444 P—F 1.545 ED,MW
∠OPC 117.8 ∠FPC 103.7 ∠FPF 99.2
Methylsilane
CH3SiH3 C—Si 1.867 Si—H 1.485 C—H 1.093 MW
∠HCH 107.7 ∠HSiH 108.3
Methylstannane
CH3SnH3 C—Sn 2.143 Sn—H 1.700 MW
Methyl thiocyanate
C aH 3 S—Ca 1.824 S—Cb 1.684 Cb—N 1.170 MW
S Cb N
C—H 1.081
∠CaSCb 99.0 ∠HCH 110.6 ∠HCS 108.3
Methyltrioxorhenium
CH3ReO3 Re—C 2.074 Re—O 1.703 C—H 1.088 MW
∠ReCH 108.9 ∠CReO 106.4
Molybdenum carbide
MoC Mo—C 1.676 UV
Molybdenum carbonyl
Mo(CO)6 (Oh) Mo—C 2.063 C—O 1.145 ED
Naphthalene
Ca—Cb 1.37 Cb—Cb 1.41 Ca—Cc 1.42 ED
Cc—Cc 1.42 C—C (av.) 1.40 ∠CaCcCc 119.4

Neopentane
C(CH3)4 C—C 1.537 C—H 1.114 ∠CCH 112 ED
Nickel carbonyl
Ni(CO)4 (Td) Ni—C 1.839 C—O 1.121 IR
Molecular
Nickel monocarbonyl
NiCO (linear) Ni—C 1.64 C—O 1.19 IR
Nickel cyanide
NiC≡N (linear) Ni—C 1.828 C—N 1.158 MW

Compound Method
Nitromethane
CH3NO2 C—N 1.489 N—O 1.224 C—H (ass.) 1.088 MW
∠ONO 125.3 ∠NCH 107
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
(CH3)2NNO C—N 1.461 N—O 1.235 N—N 1.344 ED
∠CNC 123.2 ∠CNN 116.4 ∠ONN 113.6
Nitrosomethane
CH3NO C—N 1.49 N—O 1.22 C—H 1.084 MW
∠CNO 112.6 ∠NCH 109.0
2,5-Norbornadiene
H2 Ca—Cb 1.535 Cb—Cb 1.343 Ca—Cc 1.573 ED
Cc
CaH
HCb Cb H
Ca
HCb H Cb H (C2v)
C—H 1.12 ∠CaCcCa 94
two CaCbCbCa planes
1,2,5-Oxadiazole
C—C 1.421 C—N 1.300 O—N 1.380 MW
C—H 1.076 ∠CCH 130.2 ∠NCH 120.9

∠CCN 109.0 ∠NON 110.4 ∠ONC 105.8
1,3,4-Oxadiazole
C—O 1.348 C—N 1.297 N—N 1.399 MW
C—H 1.075 ∠OCH 118.1 ∠NCH 128.5

∠CNN 105.6 ∠COC 102.0 ∠OCN 113.4
Oxalic acid
H C—C 1.544 C—Oa 1.205 C—Ob 1.336 ED
Ob Oa
C C
Oa Ob
H
Ob—H 1.05
∠CCOa 123.1 ∠OaCOb 125.0 ∠CObH 104
Oxalyl chloride
Cl O C—C 1.534 C—O 1.182 C—Cl 1.744 ED
C C
O Cl
∠CCO 124.2 ∠CCCl 111.7 68% trans, 32%
gauche at 0 °C
Oxetane
C—C 1.546 C—O 1.448 C—H (av.) 1.090 MW
Molecular
∠CCC 85 ∠COC 92 ∠OCC 92

∠HCH (av.) 109.9

Compound Method
Oxirane
CH2 C—C 1.466 C—O 1.431 C—H 1.085 MW
O
CH2
∠HCH 116.6 dihedral angle 158.0
between NH2
plane and N— C
bond
Phenol
C—C (av.) 1.397 Ca—O 1.364 O—H 0.956 MW
Cb—H 1.084 Cc—H 1.076 Cd—H 1.082

∠COH 109.0
Phosphirane
CH2 C—C 1.502 C—P 1.867 P—H 1.43 MW
PH
CH2
C—H 1.09 ∠CPC 47.4 ∠HPC 95.2
∠HCH 114.4 ∠CCH 118 dihedral angle 95.7
between PCC
plane and PH
bond
CH2 CH2 C—C 1.540 C—N 1.467 C—H 1.110 ED
NH NH
CH2 CH2 (C2h)
∠CNC 109.0 ∠CCN 110.4
Palladium carbide
PdC Pd—C 1.712 UV
Platinum carbide
PtC Pt—C (re) 1.6767 UV
Potassium carbide
KC K—C 2.528 MW
Propane
C3H8 C—C 1.532 C—H 1.107 ED
∠CCC 112 ∠HCH 107
Propene
Ca—Cb 1.341 Cb—Cc 1.506 ED, MW
Ca—Ha 1.104 Cc—Hd 1.117

∠CaCbCc 124.3 ∠CbCaHa,b,c 121.3 ∠CbCcHd 110.7
2-Propenoyl chloride
H Ca—Cb 1.35 Cb—Cc 1.48 Cc—Cl 1.82 MW
Molecular
Ca Cl
H Cb Cc
H O

Compound Method
Cc—O 1.19 C—H (ass.) 1.086
∠CaCbCc 123 ∠CbCcCl 116 ∠CbCcO 127
∠CaCbH (ass.) 120 ∠CbCaH (ass.) 121.5
2-Propynal
HaCa≡Cb—CcHcO Ca—Cb 1.211 Cb—Cc 1.453 Cc—O 1.214 ED, MW
(planar) Ca—Ha 1.085 Cc—Hc 1.130
∠CaCbCc 178.6 ∠CbCcO 124.2 ∠CbCcHc 113.7
Propyne
H3Cc—Cb≡CaH Cc—Cb 1.459 Cb—Ca 1.206 MW
Ca—H 1.056 Cc—H 1.105 ∠HCcCb 110.2
Propynal isocyanide
H3Cc—Cb≡Ca—N≡C Cc—Cb (rs) 1.456 Cb—Ca (rs) 1.206 Ca—N (rs) 1.316 MW
N—C (rs) 1.175 Cc—H (rs) 1.090 ∠HCcCb (θs) 110.7
Pyrazine
C—C 1.339 C—N 1.403 C—H 1.115 ED
∠CCH 123.9 ∠CCN 115.6

Pyridazine
H H Ca—Cb 1.393 Cb—Cb 1.375 Ca—N 1.341 ED, MW
Cb C b
HCa CaH
N N
N—N 1.330 ∠NCC 123.7 ∠NNC 119.3
Pyridine
Ca—Cb 1.395 Cb—Cc 1.394 Ca—N 1.340 MW
Ca—Ha 1.084 Cb—Hb 1.081 Cc—Hc 1.077

∠CaCbCc 118.5 ∠CbCcCb 118.3 ∠CcCbHb 121.3
∠CaNCa 116.8 ∠NCaCb 123.9 ∠NCaHa 115.9
Pyrimidine
C—C 1.393 C—N 1.340 ED
(C2v assumed)
∠NCN 127.6 ∠CNC 115.5
Pyrrole
H Ca—Cb 1.382 Cb—Cb 1.417 Ca—N 1.370 MW
N
Ha Ca Ca Ha
H b Cb Cb H b
Ca—Ha 1.076 Cb—Hb 1.077 N—H 0.996
∠CaCbCb 107.4 ∠CaNCa 109.8 ∠NCaCb 107.7
∠CbCbH 127.1 ∠NCaHa 121.5
Pyruvonitrile
O Ca—Cb 1.518 Cb—Cc 1.477 C—H 1.12 ED, MW
CaH3 Cb
Cc
Molecular
N
C—N 1.17 C—O 1.208 ∠HCH 109.2
∠CaCbCc 114.2 ∠CaCbO 124.5 ∠CCN 179

Compound Method
Ruthenium carbide
RuC Ru—C 1.607 UV
Silacyclobutane
CH2 CH2 C—C 1.571 C—Si 1.885 C—H 1.100 ED
CH2 SiH2
Si—H 1.47 ∠CCC 99.8 ∠CSiC 77.2
∠SiCC 84.8 dihedral angle 146
between CCC
and CSiC planes
Silaethene
H2Si=CH2 Si—C (re) 1.704 Si—H (re) 1.467 C—H (re) 1.082 MW
∠HCSi 122.0 ∠HSiC 122.4
Silicon dicarbide
CSiC (ring) C—C(rs) 1.269 Si—C (rs) 1.832 ∠CSiC (θs) 40.5 MW
Silylchloroacetylene
SiH3C≡CCl C—C 1.234 Si—C 1.812 C—Cl 1.620 ED
Si—H 1.488 ∠HSiC 109.4
Silyl cyanide
SiH3C≡N Si—C 1.850 C—N 1.156 Si—H 1.487 ED,MW
∠HSiC 107.25
Sodium carbide
NaC Na—C 2.232 MW
Spiro[2.2]pentane
H 2 Cb Cb H 2 Cb—Cb 1.52 Ca—Cb 1.47 C—H 1.09 ED
Ca
H 2 Cb Cb H2 (D )
2d
∠CbCaCb 62 ∠HCH 118
Strontium methyl
SrCH3 Sr—C 2.487 C—H (ass.) 1.104 ∠HCH 105.8 UV
Succinonitrile
CH2 CN C—C 1.561 C—C(N) 1.465 C—N 1.161 ED
CH2 CN
C—H 1.09 ∠CCC 110.4 dihedral angle 75
of CCCC for
gauche
conformer
Tetrabromomethane
CBr4 (Td) C—Br 1.935 ED
Tetrachloroethene
CCl2=CCl2 C—C 1.354 C—Cl 1.718 ∠ClCCl 115.7 ED
Tetrachloromethane
CCl4 (Td) C—Cl 1.767 ED
Tetracyanoethene
(CN)2C=C(CN)2 C—C 1.435 C=C 1.357 C—N 1.162 ED
∠CC =C 121.1
2,2,4,4-Tetrafluoro-1,3-dithietane
S C—S 1.785 C—F 1.314 ∠CSC 83.2 ED
F2 C CF2
S (D2h assumed)
∠FCS
Molecular
113.7
Tetrafluoroethene
CF2=CF2 C—C 1.31 C—F 1.319 ∠CCF 123.8 ED

Compound Method
Tetrafluoromethane
CF4 (Td) C—F 1.323 ED
Tetrahydrofuran
CH2 CH2 C—C 1.536 C—O 1.428 C—H 1.115 ED
O
CH2 CH2
Tetrahydropyran
H2 C—C 1.531 C—O 1.420 C—H 1.116 ED
C
H2 C CH2
H2 C CH2
O
∠COC 111.5 ∠OCC 111.8 ∠CCC (C) 108
∠CCC (O) 111
Tetrahydrothiophene
CH2 CH2 C—C 1.536 C—S 1.839 C—H 1.120 ED
S
CH2 CH2
∠CCC 105.0 ∠CSC 93.4 ∠SCC 106.1
Tetraiodomethane
CI4 (Td) C—I 2.15 ED
(CH3)4Ge C—Ge 1.945 C—H 1.12 ∠GeCH 1.08 ED
Tetramethyl lead
(CH3)4Pb C—Pb 2.238 ED
Tetramethylsilane
(CH3)4Si C—Si 1.875 C—H 1.115 ∠HCH 109.8 ED
Tetramethylstannane
(CH3)4Sn C—Sn 2.144 C—H 1.12 ED
1,2,5-Thiadiazole
S C—C 1.420 C—N 1.328 S—N 1.631 MW
N N
HC CH
C—H 1.079
∠CCN 113.8 ∠NSN 99.6 ∠CCH 126.2
1,3,4-Thiadiazole
S C—S 1.721 C—N 1.302 N—N 1.371 MW
HC CH
N N
C—H 1.08 ∠CSC 86.4 ∠SCN 114.6
∠CCN 112.2 ∠NCH 123.5 ∠SCH 121.9
Thietane
C—C 1.549 C—S 1.847 C—H (av.) 1.100 ED, MW
∠CSC 76.8 ∠HCH (av.) 112 dihedral angle 154

between CCC
and CSC
planes
Thiirane
H2 C C—C 1.484 C—S 1.815 C—H 1.083 MW
Molecular
S
H2 C
∠CSC 48.3 ∠CCS 65.9 ∠HCH 116

Compound Method
CH2 plane and C—C
bond
Thioacetaldehyde
S Ca—S (rs) 1.610 Ca—Cb (rs) 1.506 MW
H3Cb Ca
H
Ca—H (rs) 1.089 Cb—H (rs) 1.094b
∠CbCaS (θs) 125.3 ∠CbCaH (θs) 119.4 ∠HCbCa (θs) 110.6b
Thiocarbonyl fluoride
F2CS C—S 1.589 C—F 1.315 ∠FCF 107.1 MW
Thioformaldehyde
CH2S C—S 1.611 C—H 1.093 ∠HCH 116.9 MW
Thioketene
H2C=C=S C—C (rs) 1.314 C—S (rs) 1.554 C—H (rs) 1.080 IR
C2v ∠HCH (θs) 119.8
Thiophene
Ca—Cb 1.370 Cb—Cb 1.423 Ca—S 1.714 MW
Ca—Ha 1.078 Cb—Hb 1.081

∠CaCbCb 112.5 ∠CaSCa 92.2 ∠SCaCb 115.5
∠SCaHa 119.9 ∠CbCbHb 124.3
Toluene
C6H5—CH3 C—C (ring) 1.399 C—CH3 1.524 C—H (av.) 1.11 ED
1,1,1-Tribromoethane
CH3CBr3 C—C (ass.) 1.51 C—Br 1.93 C—H (ass.) 1.095 MW
∠BrCBr 111 ∠CC Br 1.8 ∠CCH (ass.) 109.0
Tribromomethane
CHBr3 (C3v) C—Br 1.924 C—H 1.11 ∠BrCBr 111.7 ED, MW
Tri-tert-butyl methane
HCa[Cb(CcH3)3]3 Ca—Cb 1.611 Cb—Cc 1.548 C—H 1.111 ED
∠CaCbCc 113.0
Trichloroacetonitrile
CCl3CN C—C 1.460 C—N 1.165 C—Cl 1.763 ED
∠ClCCl 110.0
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
CH3CCl3 C—C 1.541 C—Cl 1.771 C—H 1.090 MW
∠CCCl 109.6 ∠ClCCl 109.4 ∠HCH 110.0
∠CCH 108.9
Trichlorofluoromethane
CCl3F C—Cl 1.754 C—F 1.362 ∠ClCCl 111 MW
Trichloromethane
CHCl3 C—Cl 1.758 C—H 1.100 ∠ClCCl 111.3 MW
Trichloromethylgermane
CH3GeCl3 C—Ge 1.89 Ge—Cl 2.132 C—H (ass.) 1.103 ED, MW
∠ClGeCl 106.4 ∠GeCH (ass.) 110.5
Trichloromethylsilane
CH3SiCl3 C—Si 1.876 Si—Cl 2.021 MW
Molecular
Trichloromethylstannane
CH3SnCl3 C—Sn 2.10 Sn—Cl 2.304 C—H 1.100 ED
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane
CF3CCl3 C—C 1.54 C—F 1.33 C—Cl 1.77 MW

Compound Method
(staggered configuration) ∠CCF 110 ∠CCCl 109.6
∠CSnCl 113.9 ∠ClSnCl 104.7 ∠SnCH 108
Triethylenediamine
C—C 1.562 C—N 1.472 ∠CNC 108.7 ED
(D3h)
∠NCC 110.2
Trifluoroacetic acid
C—C 1.546 C—Oa 1.192 C—Ob 1.35 ED
C—F 1.325 O—H (ass.) 0.96

∠CCOa 126.8 ∠CCOb 111.1 ∠CCF 109.5
1,1,1-Trifluoroethane
CH3CF3 C—C 1.494 C—F 1.340 C—H 1.081 ED
Trifluoroiodomethane
CF3I (C3v) C—F 1.330 C—I 2.138 ∠FCF 108.1 ED, MW
Trifluoromethane
CHF3 (C3v) C—F 1.332 C—H 1.098 ∠FCF 108.8 MW
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl fluoride
CF3SO2Fa C—S 1.835 C—F (av.) 1.325 S—O 1.410 ED
S —Fa 1.543 ∠CSFa 95.4 ∠CSO 108.5
∠OSO 124.1 ∠FCF 109.8
Trifluoromethyliminosulfur difluoride
CF3N=SF2 C—N 1.409 S—N 1.477 S—F 1.594 ED,MW
C—F 1.331 ∠CNS 127.2 ∠NSF 112.7
∠FSF 92.8 ∠FCF 108.1
Trifluoromethyl peroxide
CF3OOCF3 O—O 1.42 C—O 1.399 C—F 1.320 ED
∠COO 107 ∠FCF 109.0 COOC 123
dihedral angle
of internal
rotation
∠CCF 119.2 ∠CCH 112
Trimethyl aluminium
(CH3)3Al C—Al 1.957 C—H 1.113 ED
∠CAlC 120 ∠AlCH 111.7
Trimethylamine
(CH3)3N C—N 1.458 C—H 1.100 ED
∠CNC 110.9 ∠HCH 110
Trimethylarsine
(CH3)3As C—As 1.979 ∠CAsC 98.8 ∠AsCH 111.4 ED
Trimethyl bismuth
(CH3)3Bi C—Bi 2.263 C—H 1.07 ∠CBiC 97.1 ED
Trimethylborane
(CH3)3B C—B 1.578 C—H 1.114 ED
∠CBC 120 ∠BCH 112.5
Trimethylphosphine
(CH3)3P C—P 1.847 C—H 1.091 ED
∠CPC 98.6 ∠PCH 110.7
Molecular

Compound Method
1,3,5-Trioxane
O C—O 1.422 ∠OCO 112.2 ∠COC 110.3 MW
H2 C CH2
O O
C
H2
Triphenylamine
(C6H5)3N (C3) C—C 1.392 C—N 1.42 ∠CNC 116 ED
torsional dihedral angle of 47
phenyl rings
Tungsten carbide
WC W—C 1.7135 UV
Tungsten carbonyl
W(CO)6 (Oh) W—C 2.059 C—O 1.149 ED
Vanadium carbonyl
V(CO)6 (Oh, involving dynamic V—C 2.015 C—O 1.138 ED
Jahn-Teller effect)
Vinyl bromide
See Vinyl chloride C—C 1.3256 C—Br 1.8835 C—Ha 1.0780 MW
C—Hb 1.0804 C—Hc 1.0794 ∠CCBr 122.62
∠CCHa 124.34 ∠CCHb 119.28 ∠CCHc 122.03
Vinyl chloride
Hc Cl C—C 1.3262 C—Cl 1.7263 C—Ha 1.0783 MW
C C
Hb Ha
C—Hb 1.0796 C—Hc 1.0796 ∠CCCl 122.75
∠CCHa 123.91 ∠CCHb 119.28 ∠CCHc 121.77
Vinyl fluoride
See Vinyl chloride C—C 1.3210 C—F 1.3428 C—Ha 1.0796 MW
C—Hb 1.0774 C—Hc 1.0789 ∠CCF 121.70
∠CCHa 125.95 ∠CCHb 118.97 ∠CCHc 121.34
Vinyl iodide
See Vinyl chloride C—C 1.3276 C—I 2.0830 C—Ha 1.0787 MW
C—Hb 1.0823 C—Hc 1.0799 ∠CCI 122.97
∠CCHa 123.54 ∠CCHb 119.36 ∠CCHc 122.30
Zinc cyanide
ZnC≡N (linear) Zn—C 1.955 C—N 1.146 MW
a Approximate
b Average
c Distances from Be to planes are 1.47 and 1.92 Å
d 40°~50° (The two rings are not parallel)
Molecular

CHARACTERISTIC BOND LENGTHS IN FREE MOLECULES
David R. Lide
This is a summary of typical bond lengths in gas-phase mol- References

ecules. The value given for each bond is near the mid-range of
values found in simple molecules. Bond lengths usually vary by 1. Structure of Free Molecules in the Gas Phase, CRC Handbook of
1% or 2%, and often by more, depending on the nature of the other Chemistry and Physics, 97th Edition, 2016.
bonds attached to the two atoms in question. References 1 and 2 2. Harmony, M. D., Laurie, V. W., Kuczkowski, R. L., Schwendeman, R.
H., Ramsay, D. A., Lovas, F. J., Lafferty, W. J., and Maki, A. G., J. Phys.
give measured bond lengths in individual gas-phase molecules, as
Chem. Ref. Data 8, 619, 1979.
determined by spectroscopic and electron diffraction methods. 3. Lide, D. R., Tetrahedron 17, 125, 1962.
All bond lengths are given in Å (1 Å = 10 –10 m).
A. Characteristic Lengths of Single Bonds in Å

As B Br C Cl F Ge H I N O P S Se Si
As 2.10
Br 2.32 1.89 2.28
C 1.98 1.58 1.93 1.53
Cl 2.17 1.74 2.14 1.77 1.99
F 1.71 1.31 1.76 1.35 1.63 1.41
Ge 2.30 1.95 2.15 1.73 2.40
H 1.51 1.19 1.41 1.09 1.28 0.92 1.53 0.74
I 2.12 2.47 2.13 2.32 1.91 2.51 1.61 2.67
N 1.39 1.46 1.90 1.37 1.02 1.45
O 1.35 1.42 1.70 1.42 0.96 1.43 1.48
P 1.94 2.22 1.85 2.04 1.57 1.42 1.65 2.25
S 2.24 1.82 2.05 1.56 1.34 2.00
Sb 2.49 2.33 1.88 1.70 2.27
Se 1.95 1.71 1.47 2.33
Si 2.21 1.87 2.05 1.58 1.48 2.44 1.63 2.14 2.33
Sn 2.50 2.14 2.30 1.94 1.71 2.67
Te 1.82 1.66
B. Lengths of Multiple Bonds (Non-Ring Molecules) in Å D. Some Metal-Carbon Bond Lengths in Gas-Phase
Molecules in Å
C═C 1.34 N≡N 1.13
C≡C 1.20 N═O 1.18 Al─C 1.96
C═N 1.21 O═O 1.21 Be─C 1.70
C≡N 1.16 S═S 1.89 Bi─C 2.26
C═O 1.21 S═O 1.48 Cd─C 2.11
C═S 1.61 Se═Se 2.17 Co─C 1.88
N═N 1.24 Se═O 1.65 Cr─C 1.92*
Cu─C 1.83
Fe─C 1.82*
C. Effect of Environment on Carbon-Carbon Single Bond
Hg─C 2.08
Lengths in Å (Other Single Bonds Not Shown)
Mo─C 2.06*
From Reference 3.
Ni─C 1.83
C─C Pb─C 2.24
Configuration Length Examples of Molecules Sn─C 2.14
C─C 1.526 H3C─CH3 V─C 2.02*
C─C═ 1.501 H3C─CH═CH2 W─C 2.06*
C─C≡ 1.459 H3C─C≡CH Zn─C 1.93
═C─C═ 1.467 H2C═CH─CH═CH2 * In carbonyl molecules
≡C─C═ 1.445 HC≡C─CH═CH2
≡C─C≡ 1.378 HC≡C─C≡CH
Molecular
9-56

ATOMIC RADII OF THE ELEMENTS
Manjeera Mantina, Rosendo Valero, Christopher J. Cramer, and Donald G. Truhlar
Atomic radii are not precisely defined, but are nevertheless very Covalent radii are more straightforward, especially for elements
widely used parameters in modeling and understanding molecu- that tend to form only single bonds, although some researchers
lar structure and interactions. Three main classes of radii may be distinguish metallic bonds from covalent bonds. The covalent ra-
identified: van der Waals radii (which include radii used to char- dii tabulated here are recommendations for single covalent bonds,
acterize steric interactions), covalent radii, and ionic radii. This and they are based on a comprehensive evaluation of experimental
section is concerned with the first two; ionic radii are covered in data by Cordero et al. [7], who recommended covalent radii for all
another section of the Handbook called “Ionic Radii in Crystals.” elements up to Z = 96, and on an analysis combining experimental
There are many scales of van der Waals radii, but they are not data and theoretical calculations by Pyykkö and Atsumi [8], who
fully consistent with one another. The van der Waals radii deter- recommended single-bond covalent radii for all elements up to Z
mined by Bondi [1] from x-ray diffraction data, crystal densities, = 118. If one is interested in a specific coordination number, oxi-
gas kinetic collision cross sections, critical densities, and liquid- dation state, or type of ligand, one might find a more appropriate
state properties are the most widely used values, but Bondi recom- radius in the specialized literature or in the Characteristic Bond
mended radius values for only 28 of the 44 main-group elements Lengths in Free Molecules table in this Handbook since the values
in the periodic table plus 9 transition metals and one actinide. in the table below are generic average values. In particular, we give
Rowland and Taylor [2] redetermined nine of the main-group the Pyykkö-Atsumi values for carbon and for Z = 97 to 118 and an
radii from crystal structure data and recommended that Bondi’s average of the values from the two sources for all other elements.
values be accepted except for H, for which they recommended a For Mn, Fe, and Co, Cordero et al. give two values, and we used the
new value; we accepted their recommendation for H and adopted lower of these on the average because it corresponds to a smoother
Bondi’s 27 other values for main-group elements. Radii for the 16 periodic trend.
remaining main-group elements were determined from electronic Please note that the van der Waals radii of bromine and lithium
structure calculations on selected van der Waals molecules by ana- have typographical errors in Ref. 3; the correct values (1.85 for Br
lyzing the results in a way designed to yield radii compatible with and 1.82 for Li) in the table below are from Ref. 1.
Bondi’s scale for main-group elements [3]. Bondi’s values for the All values are rounded to the nearest 0.01 Å, but in most cases
transition metals and actinide are smaller than expected based on the uncertainty in the value is of the order of 0.1 Å.
ionization potentials and covalent radii, so we do not adopt them,
but defer to later recommendations based on analysis of a more
extensive set of crystal data. Van der Waals radii for the remaining References
elements through atomic number Z = 93 were taken from Hu et 1. Bondi, A., J. Phys. Chem. 68, 441, 1964.
al. [4], who determined them from bond valence parameters (this 2. Rowland, R. S., and Taylor, R., J. Phys. Chem. 100, 7384, 1996.
gives radii usually within 0.1 Å to 0.15 Å of the radii from aver- 3. Mantina, M., Chamberlin, A. C., Valero, R., Cramer, C. J., and Truhlar,
age atomic volumes in crystals as obtained by statistical analysis D. G., J. Phys. Chem., A 113, 5806, 2009.
of the Cambridge Structural Database [5], but the results show a 4. Hu, S.-Z., Zhou, Z.-H., and Robertson, B. E., Z. Kristallogr. 224, 375,
smoother variation with atomic number). Van der Waals radii for 2009.
5. Hu, S.-Z., Zhou, Z-.H., and Tsai, K.-R., Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica
the elements with Z = 94 to 103 were based on the work of Guzei
19, 1073, 2003.
and Wendt [6], who modeled the zero-potential distance for the
6. Guzei, I. A. and Wendt, M., Dalton Trans., 2006, 3991, 2006.
interaction potentials involved in nonbonded steric interactions; 7. Cordero, B., Gómez, V., Platero-Prats, A. E., Revés, M., Echeverría, J.,
we increased their values by 6%, which is the value they found is Cremades, E., Barragán, F., and Alvarez, S., Dalton Trans. 2008, 2832,
needed to make their steric radii scale most consistent with Bondi’s 2008.
van der Waals radii. 8. Pyykkö, P., and Atsumi, M., Chem. Eur. J. 15, 186, 2009.
Element Symbol RvdW/Å Rcov/Å Element Symbol RvdW/Å Rcov/Å

Actinium Ac 2.47 2.01 Calcium Ca 2.31 1.74
Aluminum Al 1.84 1.24 Californium Cf 2.45 1.68
Americium Am 2.44 1.73 Carbon C 1.70 0.75
Antimony Sb 2.06 1.40 Cerium Ce 2.42 1.84
Argon Ar 1.88 1.01 Cesium Cs 3.43 2.38
Arsenic As 1.85 1.20 Chlorine Cl 1.75 1.00
Astatine At 2.02 1.48 Chromium Cr 2.06 1.30
Barium Ba 2.68 2.06 Cobalt Co 2.00 1.18
Berkelium Bk 2.44 1.68 Copernicium Cp 1.22
Beryllium Be 1.53 0.99 Copper Cu 1.96 1.22
Bismuth Bi 2.07 1.50 Curium Cm 2.45 1.68
Bohrium Bh 1.41 Darmstadtium Ds 1.28
Molecular
Boron B 1.92 0.84 Dubnium Db 1.49

Bromine Br 1.85 1.17 Dysprosium Dy 2.31 1.80
Cadmium Cd 2.18 1.40 Einsteinium Es 2.45 1.65
9-57

9-58 Atomic Radii of the Elements
Element Symbol RvdW/Å Rcov/Å Element Symbol RvdW/Å Rcov/Å

Erbium Er 2.29 1.77 Potassium K 2.75 2.00
Europium Eu 2.35 1.83 Praseodymium Pr 2.40 1.90
Fermium Fm 2.45 1.67 Promethium Pm 2.38 1.86
Fluorine F 1.47 0.60 Protactinium Pa 2.43 1.84
Francium Fr 3.48 2.42 Radium Ra 2.83 2.11
Gadolinium Gd 2.34 1.82 Radon Rn 2.20 1.46
Gallium Ga 1.87 1.23 Rhenium Re 2.16 1.41
Germanium Ge 2.11 1.20 Rhodium Rh 2.10 1.34
Gold Au 2.14 1.30 Roentgenium Rg 1.21
Hafnium Hf 2.23 1.64 Rubidium Rb 3.03 2.15
Hassium Hs 1.34 Ruthenium Ru 2.13 1.36
Helium He 1.40 0.37 Rutherfordium Rf 1.57
Holmium Ho 2.30 1.79 Samarium Sm 2.36 1.85
Hydrogen H 1.10 0.32 Scandium Sc 2.15 1.59
Indium In 1.93 1.42 Seaborgium Sg 1.43
Iodine I 1.98 1.36 Selenium Se 1.90 1.18
Iridium Ir 2.13 1.32 Silicon Si 2.10 1.14
Iron Fe 2.04 1.24 Silver Ag 2.11 1.36
Krypton Kr 2.02 1.16 Sodium Na 2.27 1.60
Lanthanum La 2.43 1.94 Strontium Sr 2.49 1.90
Lawrencium Lr 2.46 1.61 Sulfur S 1.80 1.04
Lead Pb 2.02 1.45 Tantalum Ta 2.22 1.58
Lithium Li 1.82 1.30 Technetium Tc 2.16 1.38
Lutetium Lu 2.24 1.74 Tellurium Te 2.06 1.37
Magnesium Mg 1.73 1.40 Terbium Tb 2.33 1.81
Manganese Mn 2.05 1.29 Thallium Tl 1.96 1.44
Meitnerium Mt 1.29 Thorium Th 2.45 1.90
Mendelevium Md 2.46 1.73 Thulium Tm 2.27 1.77
Mercury Hg 2.23 1.32 Tin Sn 2.17 1.40
Molybdenum Mo 2.17 1.46 Titanium Ti 2.11 1.48
Neodymium Nd 2.39 1.88 Tungsten W 2.18 1.50
Neon Ne 1.54 0.62 Ununhexium Uuh 1.75
Neptunium Np 2.39 1.80 Ununoctium Uuo 1.57
Nickel Ni 1.97 1.17 Ununpentium Uup 1.62
Niobium Nb 2.18 1.56 Ununquadium Uuq 1.43
Nitrogen N 1.55 0.71 Ununseptium Uus 1.65
Nobelium No 2.46 1.76 Ununtrium Uut 1.36
Osmium Os 2.16 1.36 Uranium U 2.41 1.83
Oxygen O 1.52 0.64 Vanadium V 2.07 1.44
Palladium Pd 2.10 1.30 Xenon Xe 2.16 1.36
Phosphorus P 1.80 1.09 Ytterbium Yb 2.26 1.78
Platinum Pt 2.13 1.30 Yttrium Y 2.32 1.76
Plutonium Pu 2.43 1.80 Zinc Zn 2.01 1.20
Polonium Po 1.97 1.42 Zirconium Zr 2.23 1.64
Molecular

DIPOLE MOMENTS
David R. Lide
These tables give selected values of the electric dipole moment 11. Ogata, T., Mochizuki, A. and Yamashita, E., J. Chem. Phys. 87, 2531,
μ for over 800 molecules. When available, values determined by 1987.
microwave spectroscopy, molecular beam electric resonance, and 12. Rego, A., and Cox, A. P., J. Chem. Phys. 89, 124, 1988.
13. Tyblewski, M., et al., J. Chem. Phys. 97, 6168, 1992.
other high-resolution spectroscopic techniques were selected.
14. Kawashima, Y., et al., J. Chem. Phys. 99, 820, 1993.
Otherwise, the values come from measurements of the dielectric 15. Caminati, W., Melandri, S., and Favero, L., J. Chem. Phys. 100, 8569,
constant in the gas phase or, if these do not exist, in the liquid 1994.
phase. Entries are listed alphabetically by compound name. 16. Cederberg, J., et al., J. Chem. Phys. 105, 3361, 1996.
The dipole moment is given in debye units (D). The conversion 17. Bauder, A., et al., J. Chem. Phys. 106, 7558, 1997.
factor to SI units is 1 D = 3.33564 × 10 –30 C m. 18. Muller, H. S. P., Miller, C. E., and Cohen, E. A., J. Chem. Phys. 107,
When the accuracy of a value is explicitly stated, e.g., 1.234(12), 8292, 1997.
where digit(s) in parentheses represent the uncertainty in the last 19. Burgh, D. J., Suenram, R. D., and Stevens, W. J., J. Chem. Phys. 111,
3526, 1999.
digit(s) of the value, the stated uncertainty generally indicates two
20. Blake, T. A., et al., J. Chem. Phys. 98, 6031, 1993.
standard deviations. When no uncertainty is given, the value may 21. Ruoff, R. S., et al., J. Chem. Phys. 89, 138, 1988.
be assumed to be precise to a few units in the last decimal place. 22. Muenter, J. S., J. Chem. Phys. 90, 4048, 1989.
However, if more than three decimal places are given, the exact 23. Peterson, J. I., Suenram, R. D., and Lovas, F. J., J. Chem. Phys. 90,
interpretation of the final digits may require analysis of the vibra- 5964, 1989.
tional averaging. Other information on molecules that have been 24. Suenram, R. D., Lovas, F. J., and Matsumura, K., Astrophys. J. Lett.
studied by spectroscopy, such as the components of the dipole 342, 103, 1989.
moment in the molecular framework and the variation with 25. Groner, P., et al., J. Chem. Phys. 91, 1434, 1989.
26. Suenram, R. D., Lovas, F. J., Fraser, G. T., and Matsumura, K., J.
vibrational state and isotopic species, is given in the references.
Chem. Phys. 92, 4724, 1990.
Values measured in the gas phase that are questionable because 27. Andrews, A. M., et al., J. Chem. Phys. 93, 7030, 1990.
of undetermined error sources are preceded by ≈. Values obtained 28. Peterson, K. I., Suenram, R. D., and Lovas, F. J., J. Chem. Phys. 94,
by liquid phase measurements, which sometimes have large errors 106, 1991.
because of association effects, are followed by liq. 29. Iida, M., Ohshima, Y., and Endo, Y., J. Chem. Phys. 95, 4772, 1991.
Table 1 gives dipole moments of individual molecules in the 30. Andrews, A. M., Hillig, K. W., and Kuczkowski, R. L., J. Chem. Phys.
gas or liquid phase. Table 2 lists dipole moments of conformers 96, 1784, 1992.
whose configurations are related by internal rotation around sin- 31. Ruoff, R. S., et al., J. Chem. Phys. 96, 3441, 1992.
32. Germann, T. C., Tschopp, S. L., and Gutowsky, H. S., J. Chem. Phys.
gle bonds. These conformers exist long enough to be measured
97, 1619, 1992.
by gas-phase microwave spectroscopic techniques but intercon- 33. Taleb-Bendiab, A., Hillig, K. W., and Kuczkowski, R. L., J. Chem.
vert too rapidly to be isolated as bulk samples. The conformers Phys. 97, 2996, 1992.
are designated as gauche, trans, axial, etc. The meaning of these 34. Taleb-Bendiab, A., Hillig, K. W., and Kuczkowski, R. L., J. Chem.
terms can be found in the references. Phys. 98, 3627, 1993.
35. Xu, L-W., and Kuczkowski, R. L., J. Chem. Phys. 100, 15, 1994.
36. Peterson, K. I., Suenram, R. D., and Lovas, F. J., J. Chem. Phys. 102,
References 7807, 1995.
37. Tatamitani, Y., and Ogata, T., J. Chem. Phys. 121, 9885, 2004.
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9-59

9-60 Dipole Moments
55. Muller, H. S. P., and Cohen, E. A., J. Chem. Phys. 116, 2407, 2002. Name Mol. form. μ/D Ref.
56. Andrews, A. M., and Kuczkowski, R. L., J. Chem. Phys. 98, 791, 1993.
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether C4H8Cl2O 2.58 liq 7
57. Lovas, F. J., et al., J. Chem. Phys. 92, 891, 1990.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate C24H38O4 2.84 liq 7
58. Klots, T. D., Emilsson, T., and Gutowsky, H. S., J. Chem. Phys. 97,
5335, 1992. Borane carbonyl CH3BO 1.698(20) 3
59. Careless, A. J., Kroto, H. W., and Landsberg, B. M., Chem. Phys. 1, Bromine chloride BrCl 0.519(4) 3
371, 1973. Bromine dioxide BrO2 2.8(1) 18
60. Costain, C. C., and Kroto, H. W., Can. J. Phys. 50, 1453, 1972. Bromine fluoride BrF 1.422(16) 3
61. Kroto, H. W., Nixon, J. F., and Ohno, K., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 90, 367, Bromine monoxide BrO 1.76(4) 2
1981. Bromine pentafluoride BrF5 1.51(15) 1
62. Kroto, H. W., Nixon, J. F., and Simmons, N. P. C., J. Mol. Spectrosc.
Bromoacetylene C2HBr 0.22962 5
82, 185, 1980.
63. Kroto, H. W., Nixon, J. F., and Ohno, K., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 77, 270, Bromobenzene C6H5Br 1.70(3) 1
1979. 1-Bromobutane C4H9Br 2.08(10) 1
64. Cox, A. P., Ewart, I. C., and Gayton, T. R., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 125, 76, 2-Bromobutane, (±)- C4H9Br 2.23(11) 1
1987. 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane C2H4BrCl 1.2 liq 7
65. Cohen, E. A., and Pickett, H. M., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 87, 582, 1981. Bromochlorofluoromethane CHBrClF 1.5(3) 17
66. Peebles, S. A., and Peebles, R. A., J. Mol. Struct. 607, 19, 2002. Bromochloromethane CH2BrCl 1.66 liq 7
67. Suenram, R. D., Lovas, F. J., and Pickett, H. M., J. Mol. Spectrosc.
1-Bromodecane C10H21Br 1.93 liq 7
116, 406, 1986.
Bromoethane C2H5Br 2.04(2) 5
68. Kroto, H. W., and Landsberg, B. M., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 62, 346, 1976.
Bromoethene C2H3Br 1.42(3) 1
Table 1. Dipole Moments of Gases and Liquids Bromofluoroacetylene C2BrF 0.448(2) 5
1-Bromoheptane C7H15Br 2.16(11) 1
Name Mol. form. μ/D Ref. Bromomethane CH3Br 1.8203(4) 5
Acenaphthene C12H10 ≈0.85 1 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane C4H9Br 2.17 liq 7
Acetaldehyde C2H4O 2.750(6) 3 1-Bromonaphthalene C10H7Br 1.55 liq 7
Acetamide C2H5NO 3.68(3) 5 1-Bromopentane C5H11Br 2.20(11) 1
Acetic acid C2H4O2 1.70(3) 2 1-Bromopropane C3H7Br 2.18(11) 1
Acetic anhydride C4H6O3 ≈2.8 1 2-Bromopropane C3H7Br 2.21(11) 1
Acetone C3H6O 2.88(3) 1 2-Bromopropene C3H5Br 1.51 liq 7
Acetonitrile C2H3N 3.92519 5 3-Bromopropene C3H5Br ≈1.9 1
Acetophenone C8H8O 3.02(6) 1 Bromosilane BrH3Si 1.319 3
Acetyl chloride C2H3ClO 2.72(14) 1 Bromotrifluoromethane CBrF3 0.65(5) 1
Acetylene-carbon dioxide complex C2H2·CO2 0.161(1) 22 Bromotrifluorosilane BrF3Si 0.835(7) 64
Acetylene-carbon monoxide C2H2·CO 0.311(1) 32 1,2-Butadiene C4H6 0.403(2) 1
complex Butanal C4H8O 2.72(5) 1
Acetylene-carbon oxysulfide C2H2·C3O3S3 1.23(2) 53 1,4-Butanediol C4H10O2 2.58 liq 7
trimer complex
1-Butanethiol C4H10S 1.53 liq 7
Acetylene-hydrogen cyanide C2H2·CHN 3.29(3) 32
Butanoic acid C4H8O2 1.65 liq 7
complex
1-Butanol C4H10O 1.66(3) 1
Acetyl fluoride C2H3FO 2.96(3) 1
2-Butanone C4H8O 2.779(15) 2
Acrylonitrile C3H3N 3.92(7) 5
trans-2-Butenal C4H6O 3.67(7) 1
Allyl alcohol C3H6O 1.60(8) 1
cis-2-Butene C4H8 0.253(5) 2
Allylamine C3H7N ≈1.2 1
cis-2-Butene-1,4-diol C4H8O2 2.48 liq 7
Aluminum monofluoride AlF 1.53(15) 1
trans-2-Butene-1,4-diol C4H8O2 2.45 liq 7
Ammonia H3N 1.4718(2) 5
trans-2-Butenoic acid C4H6O2 2.13 liq 7
Aniline C6H7N 1.13(2) 3
cis-2-Buten-1-ol C4H8O 1.96(3) 5
Anisole C7H8O 1.38(7) 1
trans-2-Buten-1-ol C4H8O 1.90(2) 5
Arsenic(III) chloride AsCl3 1.59(8) 1
1-Buten-3-yne C4H4 0.22(2) 3
Arsenic(III) fluoride AsF3 2.59(5) 1
2-Butoxyethanol C6H14O2 2.08 liq 7
Arsine AsH3 0.217(3) 5
Butyl acetate C6H12O2 1.87 liq 7
Azulene C10H8 0.80(2) 1
sec-Butyl acetate C6H12O2 1.87 liq 7
Barium oxide BaO 7.954(3) 5
Butylamine C4H11N ≈1.0 1
Barium sulfide BaS 10.86(2) 3
sec-Butylamine C4H11N 1.28 liq 7
Benzaldehyde C7H6O 3.0 liq 7
tert-Butylamine C4H11N 1.29 liq 7
Benzeneacetonitrile C8H7N 3.5 liq 7
tert-Butylbenzene C10H14 ≈0.83 1
Benzene-hydrogen sulfide complex C6H6·H2S 1.14(2) 40
Butyl ethyl ether C6H14O 1.24 liq 7
Benzene-krypton complex C6H6·Kr 0.136(2) 58
Butyl formate C5H10O2 2.03 liq 7
Benzene-sulfur dioxide complex C6H6·O2S 2.061(2) 33
Butyl stearate C22H44O2 1.88 liq 7
Benzenethiol C6H6S 1.23 liq 7
Butyl vinyl ether C6H12O 1.25 liq 7
Benzonitrile C7H5N 4.18(8) 1
Molecular
1-Butyne C4H6 0.782(4) 5

Benzyl acetate C9H10O2 1.22 liq 7
γ-Butyrolactone C4H6O2 4.27(3) 3
Benzyl alcohol C7H8O 1.71(9) 1
Calcium methoxide CH3CaO 1.58(8) 43
Benzyl benzoate C14H12O2 2.06 liq 7
Calcium monochloride CaCl ≈3.6 4
Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine C4H13N3 1.89 liq 7

Dipole Moments 9-61
Name Mol. form. μ/D Ref. Name Mol. form. μ/D Ref.
Camphor, (+) C10H16O 3.1 liq 7 3-Chloropropene C3H5Cl 1.94(10) 1
Caprolactam C6H11NO 3.9 liq 7 4-Chloropyridine C5H4ClN 0.756(5) 3
Carboimidic difluoride CHF2N 1.393(1) 5 Chlorosilane ClH3Si 1.31(1) 1
Carbon dioxide dimer-water C2O4·H2O 1.989(2) 23 Chlorosyl fluoride ClFO 1.93(2) 55
complex 2-Chlorotoluene C7H7Cl 1.56(8) 1
Carbon dioxide-mercury complex CO2·Hg 0.107(3) 29 3-Chlorotoluene C7H7Cl 1.82 liq 7
Carbon dioxide-water dimer CO2·H4O2 1.746(10) 28 4-Chlorotoluene C7H7Cl 2.21(4) 1
complex Chlorotrifluoroethene C2ClF3 0.40(10) 1
Carbon disulfide-sulfur dioxide CO2·O2S 1.096(1) 42 Chlorotrifluoromethane CClF3 0.50(1) 1
complex Chlorotrifluorosilane ClF3Si 0.636(4) 5
Carbon monoselenide CSe 1.99(4) 3 Chromium monoxide CrO 3.88(13) 5
Carbon monosulfide CS 1.958(5) 2 Copper(I) fluoride CuF 5.77(29) 2
Carbon monoxide CO 0.10980 3 Copper(II) oxide CuO 4.5(5) 5
Carbon monoxide dimer-water C2O2·H2O 1.57(5) 36 o-Cresol C7H8O 1.45 liq 7
complex
m-Cresol C7H8O 1.48 liq 7
Carbon oxyselenide COSe 0.73(2) 1
p-Cresol C7H8O 1.48 liq 7
Carbon oxysulfide COS 0.715189 5
Cyanamide CH2N2 4.28(10) 5
Carbon oxysulfide-carbon dioxide COS·C2O4 0.69(5) 44
Cyanoacetylene C3HN 3.73172 5
dimer complex
Cyanoformamide C2H2N2O 4.10(12) 47
Carbon oxysulfide-water complex COS·H2O 2.668(3) 37
Cyanogen azide CN4 2.96(7) 60
Carbonyl chloride CCl2O 1.17(1) 1
Cyanogen chloride CClN 2.8331(2) 3
Carbonyl fluoride CF2O 0.95(1) 1
Cyanogen fluoride CFN 2.120(1) 3
Cesium chloride ClCs 10.387(4) 2
Cyanogen iodide CIN 3.67(2) 5
Cesium fluoride CsF 7.884(1) 2
Cyanomethylmercury C2H3HgN 4.7(1) 12
Cesium sodium CsNa 4.75(20) 2
Cyclobutanecarbonitrile C5H7N 4.04(4) 5
Chlorine fluoride ClF 0.888061 5
Cyclobutanone C4H6O 2.89(3) 2
Chlorine oxide (ClO) ClO 1.297(1) 5
Cyclobutene C4H6 0.132(1) 1
Chlorine trifluoride ClF3 0.6(1) 1
1,3-Cycloheptadiene C7H10 0.740 3
Chloroacetyl chloride C2H2Cl2O 2.23(11) 1
2,4,6-Cycloheptatrien-1-one C7H6O 4.1(3) 3
Chloroacetylene C2HCl 0.44408 5
3,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,2-dione C6H4O2 4.23(2) 3
2-Chloroaniline C6H6ClN 1.77 liq 7
Cyclohexanone C6H10O 3.246(6) 5
Chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 1.69(3) 1
Cyclohexylamine C6H13N 1.26 liq 7
Chloroborane BClH2 0.75(5) 14
1,3-Cyclopentadiene C5H6 0.419(4) 1
1-Chlorobutane C4H9Cl 2.05(4) 1
2,4-Cyclopentadien-1-one C5H4O 3.132(7) 3
2-Chlorobutane C4H9Cl 2.04(10) 1
Cyclopentanone C5H8O ≈3.3 1
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane C2H3ClF2 2.14(4) 1
Cyclopentene C5H8 0.20(2) 1
Chlorodifluoromethane CHClF2 1.42(3) 1
3-Cyclopenten-1-one C5H6O 2.79(3) 3
Chloroethane C2H5Cl 2.05(2) 1
Cyclopropane-sulfur dioxide C3H6·O2S 1.681(1) 30
2-Chloroethanol C2H5ClO 1.78(9) 1
complex
Chloroethene C2H3Cl 1.45(3) 1
Cyclopropanone C3H4O 2.67(13) 2
1-Chloro-4-fluorobenzene C6H4ClF 0.12(1) 66
Cyclopropene C3H4 0.454(10) 1
1-Chloro-1-fluoroethane C2H4ClF 2.068(14) 3
Cyclopropylamine C3H7N 1.19(1) 2
Chlorofluoromethane CH2ClF 1.82(4) 1
Cyclopropyl methyl ketone C5H8O 2.62(25) 2
Chlorogermane ClGeH3 2.13(2) 1
Diacetone alcohol C6H12O2 3.24 liq 7
Chloromethane CH3Cl 1.8963(2) 5
Diazomethane CH2N2 1.50(1) 1
(Chloromethyl)benzene C7H7Cl 1.82 liq 7
Dipropanedifluoromethane CBr2F2 0.66(5) 1
1-Chloro-3-methylbutane C5H11Cl 1.92 liq 7
1,2-Dipropaneethane C2H4Br2 1.19 liq 7
1-Chloro-2-methylpropane C4H9Cl 2.00(10) 1
Dipropanemethane CH2Br2 1.43(3) 1
2-Chloro-2-methylpropane C4H9Cl 2.13(4) 1
1,2-Dipropanepropane C3H6Br2 1.2 liq 7
1-Chloronaphthalene C10H7Cl 1.57 liq 7
Dibutylamine C8H19N 0.98 liq 7
1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene C6H4ClNO2 4.64(9) 1
Dibutyl ether C8H18O 1.17(6) 1
Dibutyl phthalate C16H22O4 2.82 liq 7
Dibutyl sebacate C18H34O4 2.48 liq 7
1-Chlorooctane C8H17Cl 2.00 liq 7
Dibutyl sulfide C8H18S 1.61 liq 7
Chloropentafluoroethane C2ClF5 0.52(5) 1
o-Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 2.50(5) 1
1-Chloropentane C5H11Cl 2.16(11) 1
m-Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 1.72(9) 1
4-Chlorophenol C6H5ClO 2.11(11) 1
1,4-Dichlorobutane C4H8Cl2 2.22(11) 1
1-Chloropropane C3H7Cl 2.05(4) 1
Molecular
1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethene C2Cl2F2 0.50 7

2-Chloropropane C3H7Cl 2.17(11) 1
Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl2F2 0.51(5) 1
cis-1-Chloropropene C3H5Cl 1.67(8) 1
1,1-Dichloroethane C2H4Cl2 2.06(4) 1
trans-1-Chloropropene C3H5Cl 1.97(10) 1
1,2-Dichloroethane C2H4Cl2 1.83 liq 7
2-Chloropropene C3H5Cl 1.647(10) 3

9-62 Dipole Moments
1,1-Dichloroethene C2H2Cl2 1.34(1) 1 Dimethoxymethane C3H8O2 0.74 liq 7
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene C2H2Cl2 1.90(4) 1 N,N-Dimethylacetamide C4H9NO 3.7 liq 7
Dichlorofluoromethane CHCl2F 1.29(3) 1 Dimethylamine C2H7N 1.01(2) 2
1,1-Dichloro-2-fluoropropene C3H3Cl2F 2.43(2) 3 2,4-Dimethylaniline C8H11N 1.40 liq 7
Dichloromethane CH2Cl2 1.60(3) 1 2,6-Dimethylaniline C8H11N 1.63 liq 7
(Dichloromethyl)benzene C7H6Cl2 2.07 liq 7 N,N-Dimethylaniline C8H11N 1.68(17) 1
Dichloromethylborane CH3BCl2 1.419(13) 5 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butyne C6H10 0.661(4) 1
1,2-Dichloropropane, (±)- C3H6Cl2 1.85 liq 7 1,1-Dimethylcyclopropane C5H10 0.142(1) 3
1,3-Dichloropropane C3H6Cl2 2.08(4) 1 3,3-Dimethylcyclopropene C5H8 0.287(3) 3
Dichlorosilane Cl2H2Si 1.17(2) 1 Dimethyl disulfide C2H6S2 1.85 liq 7
1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro C2Cl2F4 ≈0.5 1 Dimethyl ether C2H6O 1.30(1) 1
ethane N,N-Dimethylformamide C3H7NO 3.82(8) 1
2,4-Dichlorotoluene C7H6Cl2 1.70 liq 7 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone C9H18O 2.66 liq 7
3,4-Dichlorotoluene C7H6Cl2 2.95 liq 7 Dimethyl maleate C6H8O4 2.48 liq 7
Diethanolamine C4H11NO2 2.8 liq 7 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone C7H14O 2.74 liq 7
1,1-Diethoxyethane C6H14O2 1.38 liq 7 2,2-Dimethylpropanal C5H10O 2.66(5) 2
Diethylamine C4H11N 0.92(5) 1 2,2-Dimethylpropanenitrile C5H9N 3.95(4) 1
Diethyl carbonate C5H10O3 1.10(6) 1 2,4-Dimethylpyridine C7H9N 2.30 liq 7
Diethylene glycol C4H10O3 2.31 liq 7 2,6-Dimethylpyridine C7H9N 1.66 liq 7
Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether C6H14O3 1.97 liq 7 Dimethyl sulfide C2H6S 1.554(4) 3
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether C6H14O3 1.6 liq 7 Dimethyl sulfoxide C2H6OS 3.96(4) 1
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether C8H16O4 1.8 liq 7 1,3-Dioxane C4H8O2 2.06(4) 2
acetate 1,3-Dioxolane C3H6O2 1.19(6) 3
Diethylene glycol monomethyl C5H12O3 1.6 liq 7 Dipentyl ether C10H22O 1.20 liq 7
ether Diphenyl ether C12H10O ≈1.3 1
Diethyl ether C4H10O 1.098(1) 38 Dipropylamine C6H15N 1.03 liq 7
Diethyl malonate C7H12O4 2.54 liq 7 Dipropyl ether C6H14O 1.21(6) 1
Diethyl oxalate C6H10O4 2.49 liq 7 Disiloxane H6OSi2 0.24(2) 1
Difluoramine F2HN 1.92(2) 1 1,3-Dithiane C4H8S2 2.14(4) 5
Difluorine dioxide F2O2 1.44(7) 1 Divinyl ether C4H6O 0.78(5) 2
o-Difluorobenzene C6H4F2 2.46(5) 2 Epichlorohydrin C3H5ClO 1.8 liq 7
m-Difluorobenzene C6H4F2 1.51(2) 2 1,2-Epoxybutane C4H8O 1.891(11) 3
Difluoroborane BF2H 0.971(10) 8 1,2-Ethanediamine C2H8N2 1.99(10) 1
1,1-Difluorocyclohexane C6H10F2 2.556(10) 3 1,2-Ethanediol C2H6O2 2.36(10) 5
3,3-Difluorocyclopropene C3H2F2 2.98(2) 3 1,2-Ethanediol, diacetate C6H10O4 2.34 liq 7
cis-Difluorodiazine F2N2 0.16(1) 1 1,2-Ethanedithiol C2H6S2 2.03(8) 5
1,1-Difluoroethane C2H4F2 2.27(5) 1 Ethanol C2H6O 1.69(3) 1
1,1-Difluoroethene C2H2F2 1.3893(2) 5 Ethanolamine C2H7NO 2.27 liq 7
cis-1,2-Difluoroethene C2H2F2 2.42(2) 1 Ethoxybenzene C8H10O 1.45(15) 1
Difluoromethane CH2F2 1.9785(21) 3 2-Ethoxyethanol C4H10O2 2.08 liq 7
Difluoromethylborane CH3BF2 1.668(3) 3 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate C6H12O3 2.25 liq 7
Difluoromethylene CF2 0.47(2) 3 Ethyl acetate C4H8O2 1.78(9) 1
1,1-Difluoro-1-propene C3H4F2 0.889(7) 2 Ethyl acrylate C5H8O2 1.96 liq 7
Difluorosilane F2H2Si 1.55(2) 1 Ethylamine C2H7N 1.22(10) 1
Difluorosilylene F2Si 1.23(2) 2 Ethylbenzene C8H10 0.59(5) 1
3,6-Dihydro-1,2-dioxin C4H6O2 2.329(1) 3 Ethyl benzoate C9H10O2 2.00(10) 1
2,3-Dihydro-1,4-dioxin C4H6O2 0.939(8) 3 Ethyl butanoate C6H12O2 1.74 liq 7
2,3-Dihydrofuran C4H6O 1.32(3) 2 Ethyl trans-cinnamate C11H12O2 1.84 liq 7
2,5-Dihydrofuran C4H6O 1.63(1) 5 Ethyl cyanate C3H5NO 4.72(9) 5
Dihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone C5H8O2 4.56(2) 5 Ethyl cyanoacetate C5H7NO2 2.17 liq 7
Dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)- C5H8O2 4.71(5) 5 Ethylene carbonate C3H4O3 4.9 liq 7
furanone, (±)-
Ethyleneimine C2H5N 1.90(1) 1
3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran C5H8O 1.400(8) 5
Ethylene-sulfur dioxide complex C2H4·O2S 1.650(3) 27
3,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran C5H8O 1.283(5) 3
Ethylene-water complex C2H4·H2O 1.10(1) 56
2,3-Dihydrothiophene C4H6S 1.61(20) 5
Ethyl formate C3H6O2 1.93 1
2,5-Dihydrothiophene C4H6S 1.75(1) 3
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol C8H18O 1.74 liq 7
Diiodomethane CH2I2 1.08 liq 7
2-Ethylhexyl acetate C10H20O2 1.8 liq 7
Diisopentyl ether C10H22O 1.23 liq 7
Molecular
Ethyl lactate C5H10O3 2.4 liq 7

Diisopropylamine C6H15N 1.15 liq 7
Ethyl propanoate C5H10O2 1.74 liq 7
Diisopropyl ether C6H14O 1.13(10) 1
Ethyl vinyl ether C4H8O 1.26 liq 7
Diketene C4H4O2 3.53(7) 1
Fluoramine FH2N 2.27(18) 5
1,2-Dimethoxybenzene C8H10O2 1.29 liq 7

Dipole Moments 9-63
Fluorine azide FN3 ≈1.3 5 Hydrogen cyanide trimer C3H3N3 10.6 21
Fluorine monoxide F2O 0.308180 5 Hydrogen fluoride FH 1.826178 2
Fluorine oxide FO 0.0043(4) 5 Hydrogen iodide HI 0.448(1) 2
Fluoroacetylene C2HF 0.7207(3) 3 Hydrogen isocyanide CHN 3.05(15) 3
Fluorobenzene C6H5F 1.60(8) 1 Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 1.573(1) 65
Fluoroborane(1) BF ≈0.5 2 Hydrogen sulfide H2S 0.97833 5
1-Fluorocyclohexene C6H9F 1.942(10) 5 p-Hydroquinone C6H6O2 2.38(5) 15
Fluoroethane C2H5F 1.937(7) 5 Hydroxyl HO 1.655(1) 5
Fluoroethene C2H3F 1.468(3) 5 Hydroxylamine H3NO 0.59(5) 2
Fluorogermane FGeH3 2.33(12) 2 Hypochlorous acid ClHO ≈1.3 2
Fluoromethane CH3F 1.858(2) 3 Hypofluorous acid FHO 2.23(11) 3
Fluoromethylidyne CF 0.645(5) 3 Imidazole C3H4N2 3.8(4) 2
(Fluoromethylidyne)phosphine CFP 0.279(1) 62 Imidogen HN 1.39(7) 3
Fluoromethylsilane CH5FSi 1.700(8) 5 Indium(I) chloride ClIn 3.79(19) 2
1-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzene C6H4FNO2 2.87(6) 1 Indium(I) fluoride FIn 3.40(7) 2
2-Fluoropropane C3H7F 1.958(1) 5 Iodine bromide BrI 0.726(3) 5
cis-1-Fluoropropene C3H5F 1.46(3) 1 Iodine chloride ClI 1.24(2) 2
trans-1-Fluoropropene C3H5F ≈1.9 1 Iodine fluoride FI 1.948(20) 3
2-Fluoropropene C3H5F 1.61(3) 1 Iodine monoxide IO 2.45(5) 2
3-Fluoropropyne C3H3F 1.73(2) 5 Iodine pentafluoride F5I 2.18(11) 1
3-Fluoropyridine C5H4FN 2.09(26) 3 Iodoacetylene C2HI 0.02525 5
Fluorosilane FH3Si 1.2969(6) 5 Iodobenzene C6H5I 1.70(9) 1
2-Fluorotoluene C7H7F 1.37(7) 1 1-Iodobutane C4H9I 1.93 liq 7
3-Fluorotoluene C7H7F 1.82(4) 2 2-Iodobutane, (±)- C4H9I 2.12(11) 1
4-Fluorotoluene C7H7F 2.00(10) 1 Iodoethane C2H5I 1.976(2) 5
Formaldehyde CH2O 2.332(2) 3 Iodoethene C2H3I 1.311(5) 5
Formaldehyde dimer C2H4O2 0.858(5) 57 Iodomethane CH3I 1.6406(4) 5
Formamide CH3NO 3.73(7) 1 1-Iodo-2-methylpropane C4H9I 1.87 liq 7
Formic acid CH2O2 1.425(2) 5 Iodomethylsilane CH5ISi 1.862(5) 5
Formyl fluoride CHFO 2.081(1) 5 1-Iodopropane C3H7I 2.04(10) 1
Fulminic acid CHNO 3.09934 5 2-Iodopropane C3H7I 1.95 liq 7
Fulvene C6H6 0.4236(13) 2 Isobutane C4H10 0.132(2) 1
Furan C4H4O 0.66(1) 1 Isobutene C4H8 0.503(10) 1
Furfural C5H4O2 3.54 liq 7 Isobutyl acetate C6H12O2 1.86 liq 7
Furfuryl alcohol C5H6O2 1.92 liq 7 Isobutylamine C4H11N 1.27 liq 7
Gallium monofluoride FGa 2.45(5) 2 Isobutyl formate C5H10O2 1.88 liq 7
Germanium(II) fluoride F2Ge 2.61(2) 2 Isobutyl isobutanoate C8H16O2 1.9 liq 7
Germanium(II) oxide GeO 3.2823(1) 2 Isocyanic acid (HNCO) CHNO ≈1.6 2
Germanium(II) selenide GeSe 1.65(5) 2 Isocyanobenzene C7H5N 4.018(3) 5
Germanium(II) sulfide GeS 2.00(6) 2 Isocyanocyclopropane C4H5N 4.03(10) 3
Germanium(II) telluride GeTe 1.06(7) 2 2-Isocyanopropane C4H7N 4.055(1) 5
Germylazide GeH3N3 2.58(2) 25 Isopentane C5H12 0.13(5) 1
Glycerol C3H8O3 2.56 liq 7 Isopentyl acetate C7H14O2 1.86 liq 7
Glycolaldehyde C2H4O2 2.73(5) 2 Isopropylamine C3H9N 1.19(6) 3
Hafnium monoxide HfO 3.431(5) 26 Isopropylbenzene C9H12 ≈0.79 1
Hafnium(IV) oxide HfO2 7.92(1) 39 Isopropyl methyl ether C4H10O 1.247(3) 5
2-Heptanol, (±)- C7H16O 1.71 liq 7 Isoquinoline C9H7N 2.73(14) 1
3-Heptanol, (S)- C7H16O 1.71 liq 7 Isoxazole C3H3NO 2.95(4) 3
2-Heptanone C7H14O 2.59 liq 7 Isoxazole-carbon monoxide C3H3NO·CO 2.873(4) 52
3-Heptanone C7H14O 2.78 liq 7 complex
Hexaborane(10) B6H10 2.50(5) 3 Ketene C2H2O 1.42215 3
Hexamethylphosphoric triamide C6H18N3OP 5.5 liq 7 Lanthanum monoxide LaO 3.207(11) 26
Hexanoic acid C6H12O2 1.13 liq 7 Lead(II) oxide (litharge) OPb 4.64(50) 2
2-Hexanone C6H12O 2.66 liq 7 Lead(II) sulfide PbS 3.59(18) 2
sec-Hexyl acetate C8H16O2 1.9 liq 7 Lithium bromide BrLi 7.268(1) 2
1-Hexyne C6H10 0.83(5) 1 Lithium chloride ClLi 7.12887 2
Hydrazine H4N2 1.75(9) 1 Lithium fluoride FLi 6.3274(2) 3
Molecular
Hydrazoic acid HN3 1.70(9) 3 Lithium fluoride-sodium fluoride FLi·FNa 2.62(2) 51

Hydrogen bromide BrH 0.8272(3) 3 complex
Hydrogen chloride ClH 1.1086(3) 3 Lithium hydride HLi 5.884(1) 2
Hydrogen cyanide CHN 2.985188 5 Lithium hydroxide HLiO 4.754(2) 3
Lithium iodide ILi 7.428(1) 2

9-64 Dipole Moments
Lithium monoxide LiO 6.84(3) 2 2-Methyl-1-propanol C4H10O 1.64(8) 1
Lithium potassium KLi 3.45(20) 2 2-Methyl-2-propanol C4H10O 1.66 liq 7
Lithium rubidium LiRb 4.0(1) 2 2-Methylpropenal C4H6O 2.68(13) 1
Lithium sodium LiNa 0.463(2) 2 2-Methylpyridine C6H7N 1.85(4) 2
Magnesium oxide MgO 6.2(6) 5 3-Methylpyridine C6H7N 2.40 liq 7
Mercapto HS 0.7580(1) 3 4-Methylpyridine C6H7N 2.70(2) 2
Mesityl oxide C6H10O 2.79 liq 7 2-Methylpyrimidine C5H6N2 1.676(10) 3
Methacrylic acid C4H6O2 1.65 liq 7 5-Methylpyrimidine C5H6N2 2.881(6) 3
Methanethiol CH4S 1.52(8) 1 N-Methylpyrrolidine C5H11N 0.572(3) 5
Methanol CH4O 1.70(2) 1 N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone C5H9NO 4.1 liq 7
2-Methoxyethyl acetate C5H10O3 2.13 liq 7 Methyl salicylate C8H8O3 2.47 liq 7
1-Methoxy-1,2-propadiene C4H6O 0.963(20) 5 Methylsilane CH6Si 0.73456 5
N-Methylacetamide C3H7NO 4.3 liq 7 Methyl silyl ether CH6OSi 1.15(2) 2
Methyl acetate C3H6O2 1.72(9) 1 Methylstannane CH6Sn 0.68(5) 1
Methyl acrylate C4H6O2 1.77 liq 7 3-Methylthietane C4H8S 2.046(9) 5
2-Methylacrylonitrile C4H5N 3.69(18) 1 2-Methylthiophene C5H6S 0.674(5) 2
Methylamine CH5N 1.31(3) 1 3-Methylthiophene C5H6S 0.914(15) 3
2-Methylaniline C7H9N 1.60 liq 7 Methyl vinyl ether C3H6O 0.965(2) 5
3-Methylaniline C7H9N 1.45 liq 7 Morpholine C4H9NO 1.55(3) 3
4-Methylaniline C7H9N 1.52 liq 7 Nitric acid HNO3 2.17(2) 1
Methyl azide CH3N3 2.17(4) 2 Nitric oxide NO 0.15872 2
Methyl benzoate C8H8O2 1.94 liq 7 2-Nitroanisole C7H7NO3 5.0 liq 7
2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene C5H8 0.25(1) 1 Nitrobenzene C6H5NO2 4.22(8) 1
3-Methylbutanoic acid C5H10O2 0.63 liq 7 Nitroethane C2H5NO2 3.23(3) 2
2-Methyl-1-butanol, (±)- C5H12O 1.88 liq 7 Nitrogen dioxide NO2 0.316(10) 1
2-Methyl-2-butanol C5H12O 1.82 liq 7 Nitrogen sulfide NS 1.81(2) 2
3-Methyl-2-butenenitrile C5H7N 4.61(13) 10 Nitrogen trichloride Cl3N 0.39(1) 3
2-Methyl-1-buten-3-yne C5H6 0.513(20) 2 Nitrogen trifluoride F3N 0.235(4) 1
Methyl cyanate C2H3NO 4.26(18) 5 Nitrogen trioxide N2O3 2.122(10) 2
cis-3-Methylcyclohexanol, (±)- C7H14O 1.91 liq 7 Nitromethane CH3NO2 3.46(2) 1
trans-3-Methylcyclohexanol, (±)- C7H14O 1.75 liq 7 1-Nitropropane C3H7NO2 3.66(7) 1
3-Methylcyclopentanone, (±)- C6H10O 3.14(3) 5 2-Nitropropane C3H7NO2 3.73(7) 1
3-Methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one C6H8O 4.33(2) 5 Nitrosyl bromide BrNO ≈1.8 1
Methylcyclopropane C4H8 0.139(4) 2 Nitrosyl fluoride FNO 1.730(3) 3
Methyldiborane(6) CH8B2 0.566(6) 3 Nitrosyl hydride HNO 1.62(3) 3
Methyldifluorophosphine CH3F2P 2.056(6) 3 Nitrous oxide N2O 0.16083 3
Methylenecyclohexane C7H12 0.62(1) 5 Nitryl chloride ClNO2 0.53 1
Methylenecyclopropene C4H4 1.90(1) 5 Nitryl fluoride FNO2 0.466(5) 2
Methylenephosphine CH3P 0.869(3) 61 Nonanoic acid C9H18O2 0.79 liq 7
N-Methylformamide C2H5NO 3.83(8) 1 2,5-Norbornadiene C7H8 0.0587(1) 5
Methyl formate C2H4O2 1.77(4) 1 cis-9-Octadecenoic acid C18H34O2 1.18 liq 7
2-Methylfuran C5H6O 0.65(5) 2 Octanoic acid C8H16O2 1.15 liq 7
3-Methylfuran C5H6O 1.03(2) 2 1-Octanol C8H18O 1.76 liq 7
5-Methyl-2(3H)-furanone C5H6O2 4.08(2) 5 2-Octanol C8H18O 1.71 liq 7
Methyl hydroperoxide CH4O2 ≈0.65 13 2-Octanone C8H16O 2.70 liq 7
Methylidyne CH ≈1.46 2 1,4-Oxathiane C4H8OS 0.295(3) 3
Methyl isocyanate C2H3NO ≈2.8 1 Oxazole C3H3NO 1.503(30) 3
Methyl isothiocyanate C2H3NS 3.453(3) 5 Oxetane C3H6O 1.94(1) 1
4-Methylisoxazole C4H5NO 3.583(5) 5 2-Oxetanone C3H4O2 4.18(3) 1
Methyl methacrylate C5H8O2 1.67 liq 7 3-Oxetanone C3H4O2 0.887(5) 2
2-Methyloxazole C4H5NO 1.37(7) 5 Oxirane C2H4O 1.89(1) 1
4-Methyloxazole C4H5NO 1.08(5) 5 Ozone O3 0.53373 3
5-Methyloxazole C4H5NO 2.16(4) 5 Paraldehyde C6H12O3 1.43(7) 1
Methyloxirane C3H6O 2.01(2) 1 Pentaborane(9) B5H9 2.13(4) 1
2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol C6H14O2 2.9 liq 7 Pentachloroethane C2HCl5 0.92(5) 1
4-Methylpentanenitrile C6H11N 3.5 liq 7 cis-1,3-Pentadiene C5H8 0.500(15) 2
Methylphosphonic difluoride CH3F2OP 3.69(26) 3 trans-1,3-Pentadiene C5H8 0.585(10) 2
Molecular
N-Methylpropanamide C4H9NO 3.61 7 1,3-Pentadiyne C5H4 1.207(1) 5

2-Methylpropanenitrile C4H7N 4.29(9) 3 1,5-Pentanediol C5H12O2 2.5 liq 7
2-Methyl-2-propanethiol C4H10S 1.66(3) 3 2,4-Pentanedione C5H8O2 2.78 liq 7
2-Methylpropanoic acid C4H8O2 1.08 liq 7 Pentanenitrile C5H9N 4.12(8) 1

Dipole Moments 9-65
Pentanoic acid C5H10O2 1.61 liq 7 3-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde C6H5NO 1.44 3
1-Pentanol C5H12O 1.7 liq 7 4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde C6H5NO 1.66 3
2-Pentanol C5H12O 1.66 liq 7 Pyrimidine C4H4N2 2.334(10) 2
3-Pentanol C5H12O 1.64 liq 7 Pyrrole C4H5N 1.767(1) 5
2-Pentanone C5H10O 2.70 liq 7 Pyrrolidine C4H9N 1.57 liq 7
3-Pentanone C5H10O 2.82 liq 7 2-Pyrrolidone C4H7NO 3.5 liq 7
1,2,3-Pentatriene C5H6 0.51(5) 11 Quinoline C9H7N 2.29(11) 1
1-Pentene C5H10 ≈0.5 1 Rubidium bromide BrRb ≈10.9 2
1-Penten-3-yne C5H6 0.66(2) 2 Rubidium chloride ClRb 10.510(5) 2
cis-3-Penten-1-yne C5H6 0.78(2) 2 Rubidium fluoride FRb 8.5465(5) 2
trans-3-Penten-1-yne C5H6 1.06(5) 2 Rubidium iodide IRb ≈11.5 2
Pentyl acetate C7H14O2 1.75(10) 1 Rubidium sodium NaRb 3.1(3) 2
Pentyl formate C6H12O2 1.90(10) 1 Salicylaldehyde C7H6O2 2.86 liq 7
Perchloryl fluoride ClFO3 0.023(1) 3 Selenium dioxide O2Se 2.62(5) 2
Perfluoropyridine C5F5N 0.98(8) 3 Selenium tetrafluoride F4Se 1.78(9) 2
Peroxynitric acid HNO4 1.99(2) 67 Selenoformaldehyde CH2Se 1.41(1) 5
Peroxynitrous acid HNO3 1.07(2) 46 Silicon dicarbide C2Si 2.393(6) 24
Phenol C6H6O 1.224(8) 3 Silicon methylidyne CHSi 0.066(2) 41
Phenylacetylene C8H6 0.656(5) 3 Silicon monosulfide SSi 1.73(9) 2
Phenylsilane C6H8Si 0.845(12) 3 Silicon monoxide OSi 3.0982 2
1-Phosphapropyne C2H3P 1.499(1) 63 Silver(I) bromide AgBr 5.62(3) 5
Phosphine H3P 0.5740(3) 3 Silver(I) chloride AgCl 6.08(6) 5
Phosphorothioc trifluoride F3PS 0.64(2) 1 Silver(I) fluoride AgF 6.22(30) 2
Phosphorus(III) chloride Cl3P 0.56(2) 2 Silver(I) iodide AgI 4.55(5) 5
Phosphorus(III) fluoride F3P 1.03(1) 1 Sodium bromide BrNa 9.1183(6) 2
Phosphorus monoxide OP 1.88(7) 5 Sodium chloride ClNa 9.00117 2
Phosphorus nitride NP 2.7470(1) 2 Sodium fluoride FNa 8.156(1) 2
Phosphoryl chloride Cl3OP 2.54(5) 2 Sodium iodide INa 9.236(3) 2
Phosphoryl fluoride F3OP 1.8685(1) 3 Stibine H3Sb 0.12(5) 1
Piperidine C5H11N 1.19 liq 3 Strontium oxide OSr 8.900(3) 2
Potassium bromide BrK 10.628(1) 2 Styrene C8H8 0.123(3) 5
Potassium chloride ClK 10.269(1) 2 Succinonitrile C4H4N2 3.7 liq 7
Potassium fluoride FK 8.585(3) 2 Sulfolane C4H8O2S 4.8 liq 7
Potassium hydroxide HKO 7.415(2) 16 Sulfur dichloride Cl2S 0.36(1) 3
Potassium iodide IK ≈10.8 2 Sulfur difluoride F2S 1.05(5) 2
Potassium sodium KNa 2.693(14) 3 Sulfur dioxide O2S 1.63305 3
Propanal C3H6O 2.72 1 Sulfur fluoride [SSF2] F2S2 1.03(5) 1
Propane C3H8 0.084(1) 1 Sulfur fluoride (FSSF) F2S2 1.45(2) 1
1,2-Propanediol C3H8O2 2.25 liq 7 Sulfur monofluoride FS 0.794(12) 3
1,3-Propanediol C3H8O2 2.55 liq 7 Sulfur monoxide OS 1.55(2) 1
Propanenitrile C3H5N 4.05(3) 3 Sulfur oxide (SSO) OS2 1.47(3) 1
Propanoic acid C3H6O2 1.75(9) 1 Sulfur tetrafluoride F4S 0.632(3) 1
Propargyl alcohol C3H4O 1.13(6) 2 Sulfuryl chloride Cl2O2S 1.81(4) 1
Propene C3H6 0.366(1) 1 Sulfuryl fluoride F2O2S 1.12(2) 1
Propene-sulfur dioxide complex C3H6·O2S 1.34(3) 35 Tetraborane(10) B4H10 0.486(2) 3
Propyl acetate C5H10O2 1.78 liq 7 1,1,2,2-Tetrapropaneethane C2H2Br4 1.38 liq 7
Propylamine C3H9N 1.17(6) 1 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane C2H2Cl4 1.32(7) 1
Propylene carbonate C4H6O3 4.9 liq 7 1,2,3,4-Tetrafluorobenzene C6H2F4 2.42(5) 3
Propyl formate C4H8O2 1.89 liq 7 1,2,3,5-Tetrafluorobenzene C6H2F4 1.46(6) 3
2-Propynal C3H2O 2.78(2) 5 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane C2H2F4 1.80(22) 5
Propyne C3H4 0.784(1) 3 Tetrafluorosilane-ammonia F4Si·H3N 5.61(2) 31
Propyne-argon complex C3H4·Ar 0.730(5) 20 complex
4H-Pyran-4-one C5H4O2 3.79(2) 5 Tetrahydrofuran C4H8O 1.75(4) 2
4H-Pyran-4-thione C5H4OS 3.95(5) 5 Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol C5H10O2 2.1 liq 7
1H-Pyrazole C3H4N2 2.20(1) 3 Tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one C5H8O2 1.720(3) 3
Pyridazine C4H4N2 4.22(2) 2 1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine C5H9N 1.007(3) 3
Pyridine C5H5N 2.215(10) 3 Tetrahydrothiophene C4H8S 1.90 liq 7
Molecular
2-Pyridinecarbonitrile C6H4N2 5.78(11) 3 Tetramethylurea C5H12N2O 3.5 liq 7

3-Pyridinecarbonitrile C6H4N2 3.66(11) 3 1H-Tetrazole CH2N4 2.19(5) 3
4-Pyridinecarbonitrile C6H4N2 1.96(3) 3 Thallium(I) bromide BrTl 4.49(5) 2
2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde C6H5NO 3.56(7) 3 Thallium(I) chloride ClTl 4.54299 2

9-66 Dipole Moments
Thallium(I) fluoride FTl 4.2282(8) 2 Trimethylamine C3H9N 0.612(3) 1
Thallium(I) iodide ITl 4.61(7) 2 Trimethyl phosphate C3H9O4P 3.18 liq 7
Thiacyclohexane C5H10S 1.781(10) 3 2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine C8H11N 2.05 liq 7
1,2,5-Thiadiazole C2H2N2S 1.579(7) 3 1,3,5-Trioxane C3H6O3 2.08(2) 1
Thietane C3H6S 1.85(9) 1 Vinyl acetate C4H6O2 1.79 liq 7
Thietane 1,1-dioxide C3H6O2S 4.8(1) 5 Vinyl formate C3H4O2 1.49(1) 1
Thioacetaldehyde C2H4S 2.33(2) 68 2-Vinylfuran C6H6O 0.69(7) 5
Thiocarbonyl fluoride CF2S 0.080 59 Vinylsilane C2H6Si 0.657(2) 5
Thioformaldehyde CH2S 1.6491(4) 3 Water H2O 1.8546(40) 3
Thionitrosyl chloride ClNS 1.87(2) 2 Water dimer-hydrogen bromide BrH·H4O2 2.281(3) 48
Thionitrosyl fluoride (NSF) FNS 1.902(12) 2 complex
Thionyl chloride Cl2OS 1.45(3) 1 Water dimer-hydrogen chloride ClH·H4O2 2.328(3) 48
Thionyl fluoride F2OS 1.63(1) 1 complex
Thiophene C4H4S 0.55(1) 2 o-Xylene C8H10 0.640(5) 2
2-Thiophenecarbonitrile C5H3NS 4.59(2) 3 2,4-Xylenol C8H10O 1.4 liq 7
3-Thiophenecarbonitrile C5H3NS 4.13(2) 3 2,5-Xylenol C8H10O 1.45 liq 7
4H-Thiopyran-4-thione C5H4S2 3.9(2) 5 2,6-Xylenol C8H10O 1.40 liq 7
Tin(II) oxide OSn 4.32(22) 2 3,4-Xylenol C8H10O 1.56 liq 7
Tin(II) sulfide SSn 3.18(16) 2 3,5-Xylenol C8H10O 1.55 liq 7
Titanium(II) oxide OTi 2.96(5) 5 Ytterbium monofluoride FYb 3.91(4) 45
Toluene C7H8 0.375(10) 3 Yttrium monoxide OY 4.524(7) 26
Toluene-sulfur dioxide complex C7H8·O2S 1.87(3) 34 Zirconium(II) oxide OZr 2.55(1) 26
1H-1,2,4-Triazole C2H3N3 2.7(1) 3 Zirconium(IV) oxide O2Zr 7.80(2) 19
Tripropanemethane CHBr3 0.99(2) 1
Tributylamine C12H27N 0.78 liq 7 Table 2. Dipole Moments of Conformers
Tributyl borate C12H27BO3 0.77 liq 7
Tributyl phosphate C12H27O4P 3.07 liq 7 Mol.
3-Thioxo-1,2-propadienylidene C3S 3.704(9) 50 Name form. Conformer μ/D Ref.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane C2H3Cl3 1.755(15) 2 Acrolein C3H4O trans 3.117(4) 5
1,1,2-Trichloroethane C2H3Cl3 1.4 liq 7 Acrolein C3H4O cis 2.552(3) 5
Trichloroethene C2HCl3 0.8 liq 7 Allyl alcohol C3H6O gauche 1.55(8) 3
Trichloroethylsilane C2H5Cl3Si 2.04 liq 7 Butanenitrile C4H7N gauche 3.91(4) 5
Trichlorofluoromethane CCl3F 0.46(2) 2 Butanenitrile C4H7N anti 3.73(6) 5
Trichlorofluorosilane Cl3FSi 0.49(1) 2 1-Butene C4H8 cis 0.438(7) 2
Trichloromethane CHCl3 1.04(2) 2 1-Butene C4H8 skew 0.359(11) 2
(Trichloromethyl)benzene C7H5Cl3 2.03 liq 7 Chlorocyclohexane C6H11Cl equitorial 2.44(7) 5
Trichloromethylsilane CH3Cl3Si 1.91(1) 2 Chlorocyclohexane C6H11Cl axial 1.91(2) 5
Trichlorosilane Cl3HSi 0.86(1) 2 1-Chloropropane C3H7Cl gauche 2.02(3) 5
Tri-o-cresyl phosphate C21H21O4P 2.87 liq 7 1-Chloropropane C3H7Cl trans 1.95(2) 5
Tri-m-cresyl phosphate C21H21O4P 3.05 liq 7 Cyclohexene C6H10 half-chair 0.332(12) 2
Tri-p-cresyl phosphate C21H21O4P 3.18 liq 7 Diethyl sulfide C4H10S trans-trans 1.556(4) 54
Triethanolamine C6H15NO3 3.57 liq 7 Diethyl sulfide C4H10S trans- 1.591(9) 54
Triethylamine C6H15N 0.66(5) 1 gauche
Triethyl phosphate C6H15O4P 3.12 liq 7 Diethyl sulfide C4H10S gauche- 1.645(1) 54
gauche
Trifluoramine oxide F3NO 0.0390(4) 9
1,2-Difluoroethane C2H4F2 gauche 2.67(13) 2
Trifluoroacetic acid C2HF3O2 2.28(25) 1
Ethanethiol C2H6S gauche 1.61(8) 3
Trifluoroacetonitrile C2F3N 1.262(10) 3
Ethanethiol C2H6S trans 1.58(8) 3
1,2,4-Trifluorobenzene C6H3F3 1.402(9) 5
Ethanol C2H6O gauche 1.68(3) 3
1,1,1-Trifluorodisilane F3H3Si2 2.03(10) 3
Ethanol C2H6O trans 1.44(3) 2
1,1,1-Trifluoroethane C2H3F3 2.347(5) 3
Ethylamine C2H7N gauche 1.210(15) 5
Trifluoroethene C2HF3 1.32(3) 2
Ethylamine C2H7N trans 1.304(11) 5
Trifluoroiodomethane CF3I 1.048(3) 3
Ethyl formate C3H6O2 gauche 1.81(2) 2
Trifluoroiodosilane F3ISi 1.11(3) 5
Ethyl formate C3H6O2 trans 1.98(2) 2
Trifluoroisocyanomethane C2F3N 1.153(10) 5
Ethyl methyl ether C3H8O trans 1.17(2) 3
Trifluoromethane CHF3 1.65150 3
Ethyl methyl sulfide C3H8S gauche 1.593(4) 5
(Trifluoromethyl)benzene C7H5F3 2.86(6) 1
Ethyl methyl sulfide C3H8S trans 1.56(3) 3
Trifluoromethylsilane CH3F3Si 2.3394(2) 5
Fluorocyclohexane C6H11F equitorial 2.11(4) 2
Molecular
(Trifluoromethyl)silane CH3F3Si 2.32(2) 5

Fluorocyclohexane C6H11F axial 1.81(4) 2
3,3,3-Trifluoro-1-propene C3H3F3 2.45(5) 1
1-Fluoropropane C3H7F gauche 1.90(10) 1
3,3,3-Trifluoro-1-propyne C3HF3 2.317(13) 5
1-Fluoropropane C3H7F trans 2.05(4) 1
Trifluorosilane F3HSi 1.27(3) 1
3-Fluoropropene C3H5F gauche 1.939(15) 1

Dipole Moments 9-67
Mol. Mol.
Name form. Conformer μ/D Ref. Name form. Conformer μ/D Ref.
3-Fluoropropene C3H5F cis 1.765(14) 1 1-Pentyne C5H8 trans 0.842(10) 2
Glycine C2H5NO2 Conformer 1.147(5) 49 Piperidine C5H11N equitorial 0.82(2) 3
I Piperidine C5H11N axial 1.19(2) 3
Glycine C2H5NO2 Conformer 5.45(5) 49 Propanal C3H6O gauche 2.86(1) 5
II Propanal C3H6O cis 2.52(5) 1
Glyoxal C2H2O2 cis 4.8(2) 2 1-Propanethiol C3H8S gauche 1.683(10) 3
3-Hydroxypropane C3H5NO gauche 3.17(2) 5 1-Propanethiol C3H8S trans 1.60(8) 3
nitrile 2-Propanethiol C3H8S gauche 1.53(3) 3
Isobutanal C4H8O gauche 2.69(1) 5 2-Propanethiol C3H8S trans 1.61(3) 3
Isobutanal C4H8O trans 2.86(1) 5 Propanoic acid C3H6O2 cis 1.46(7) 2
2-Methoxyethanol C3H8O2 gauche 2.36(5) 2 1-Propanol C3H8O gauche 1.58(3) 2
3-Methyl-1-butene C5H10 gauche 0.398(4) 3 1-Propanol C3H8O trans 1.55(3) 2
3-Methyl-1-butene C5H10 trans 0.320(10) 3 2-Propanol C3H8O trans 1.58(3) 2
2-Methyl-2-propenol C4H8O skew 1.295(22) 5 Propyleneimine C3H7N cis 1.77(9) 2
Methyl propyl ether C4H10O trans-trans 1.107(13) 3 Propyleneimine C3H7N trans 1.57(3) 2
Nitrous acid HNO2 cis 1.423(5) 2 Tetrafluorohydrazine F4N2 gauche 0.257(2) 5
Nitrous acid HNO2 trans 1.855(16) 2 Tetrahydropyran C5H10O chair 1.58(3) 3
1-Pentyne C5H8 gauche 0.769(28) 2
Molecular

HINDERED INTERNAL ROTATION
I. Ozier and N. Moazzen-Ahmadi
In asymmetric rotors like methyl alcohol, CH3OH, and sym- the latter case, the molecular beam avoided crossing method can
metric rotors like CH3SiH3, the methyl group can undergo inter- often be used (Ref. 2). The torsion-rotation spectrum is forbidden
nal rotation relative to the rest of the molecule, traditionally in lowest order, but becomes weakly allowed through interactions
called the frame (Refs. 1 and 2). Although various rotating groups with the infrared active skeletal vibrations (Ref. 2). By employ-
are considered here, all have three-fold symmetry. In such cases, ing long absorption path lengths, this spectrum has been used to
the potential V hindering the internal rotation can be written: determine V3 in a number of molecules. For both asymmetric and
symmetric tops, the most precise determinations of the molecu-
V(α)= V3(½)(1 – cos3α) + V6(½) lar parameters have been made in cases where both rotational
(1 – cos6α) + V9(½)(1 – cos9α) + ..., and torsion-rotation spectra have been investigated.
where α is the deviation from equilibrium of the angle between

References
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and the origin for γ is often taken as the eclipsed configuration. In Advances in Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, vol. 54, p. 423,
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Spectrosc. 27, 111, 1996.
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Spectrosc. 220, 170, 2003.
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Mol. Spectrosc. 226, 169, 2004.
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Molecular
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9-68

Hindered Internal Rotation 9-69
27. Marstokk, K.-M., Mollendal, H., Samdal, S., and Steinborn, D., J. 43. Varma, R., Ramaprasad, K. R., and Nelson, J. F., J. Chem. Phys. 63,
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TABLE 1. Asymmetric Rotor Potential Parameters

Mol. form. Name Line form. Ref. V3/cm–1 Comments
CHF3S Trifluoromethanethiol CF3SH 5 500.83 ± 0.03
CH3F2OP Methylphosphonic difluoride CH3P(=O)F2 6 676 ± 25
CH4O Methanol CH3OH 5 373.594 ± 0.007 V6 = –1.597 ± 0.051; V9 =
1.04 ± 0.20
CH4S Methanethiol CH3SH 7 443.029 ± 0.070 V6 = –1.6451 ± 0.0144
CH4S2 Methyldisulfane CH3SSH 8 609.0 ± 14.0
C2F3NO Trifluoromethyl isocyanate CF3N=C=O 5 47.8769 ± 0.0051
C2HF3O Trifluoroacetaldehyde CF3C(H)=O 9 298 ± 10
C2HF5 Pentafluoroethane CF3CHF2 10 1190 ± 4
C2H3BrO Acetyl bromide CH3C(Br)=O 11 456.7 ± 10.5
C2H3ClF2 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane CH3CClF2 12 1311.8 ± 1.4
C2H3ClO Acetyl chloride CH3C(Cl)=O 5 442.74 ± 1.05 35 Cl
C2H3FO Acetyl fluoride CH3C(F)=O 13 364.3 ± 2.1
C2H3FO2 Methyl fluoroformate CH3OC(F)=O 5 374.1 ± 0.2
C2H3F3O Methyl trifluoromethyl ether CH3OCF3 5 382 ± 10 CH3
C2H3IO Acetyl iodide CH3C(=O)I 14 455.3 ± 10.5
C2H3NO Methyl cyanate CH3OC≡N 5 399.0 ± 17.5
C2H4ClF 1-Chloro-1-fluoroethane CH3CHClF 5 1334.9 ± 3.8
C2H4F2 1,1-Difluoroethane CH3CHF2 5 1163.0 ± 2.5
C2H4O Acetaldehyde CH3C(H)=O 15 407.716 ± 0.010 V6 = –12.068 ± 0.037
C2H4OS Thioacetaldehyde S-oxide CH3C(H)=S=O 5 285.6 ± 0.3 Z isomer
C2H4O2 Acetic acid CH3COOH 16 170.1742 ± 0.0002 V6 = –6.4725 ± 0.0001
C2H3DO2 Methyl formate CH3OC(D)=O 5 400.60 ± 0.03 deuterated
C2H5F Fluoroethane CH3CH2F 17 1172.1 ± 1.4
C2H5NO Nitrosoethane CH3CH2N=O 5 903 ± 25 gauche conformer
C2H5NO CH3CH2N=O 5 911 ± 25 cis conformer
C2H5NO Acetamide CH3C(NH2)=O 5 24.949 ± 0.008
C2H6F2Si Difluorodimethylsilane (CH3)2SiF2 18 439.4 ± 2.5
C2H6N2O N-Nitrosodimethylamine (CH3)2NN=O 5 145.8 ± 0.25 cis CH3
Molecular
C2H6N2O (CH3)2NN=O 5 737.4 ± 13.3 trans CH3

C2H6O Ethanol CH3CH2OH 5 1173.76 ± 2.20 trans isomer
C2H6O Dimethyl ether (CH3)2O 19 926.0 ± 3.5

9-70 Hindered Internal Rotation

C2H6S Dimethyl sulfide (CH3)2S 19 751.1 ± 4.8
C2H6Si Vinylsilane SiH3C(H)=CH2 20 520.1 ± 1.8
C2H6S2 Dimethyl disulfide CH3SSCH3 5 535.1 ± 1.8
C2H6Se2 Dimethyl diselenide CH3SeSeCH3 21 395 ± 2
C2H 8 Si Dimethylsilane (CH3)2SiH2 19 578.0 ± 3.5
C3H3F3 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene CF3C(H)=CH2 22 653.06 ± 0.83
C3H3NO2 Methyl cyanoformate CH3OC(C≡N)=O 5 406.6 ± 1.1 s-trans conformer
C3H4S (Methylthio)acetylene CH3SC≡CH 23 592.0 ± 3.3
C3H5F3 1,1,1-Trifluoropropane CH3CH2CF3 24 922.2 ± 1.4
C3H5I 2-Iodopropene CH3C(I)=CH2 5 905.8 ± 4.2
C3H5N Ethyl isocyanide CH3CH2N≡C 5 1167.6 ± 18.2
C3H6 Propene CH3C(H)=CH2 5 697.499 ± 0.048 V6 = –13.0 (fixed)
C3H6O Propanal CH3CH2C(H)=O 25 798 ± 39 cis conformer
C3H6O Acetone (CH3)2C=O 26 251.4 ± 2.6 V6 = –6.92 ± 0.65
C3H6S (Methylthio)ethene CH3SC(H)=CH2 27 1138 ± 13
C3H6O2 Propanoic acid CH3CH2COOH 28 819.0 ± 10.5 cis conformer
C3H6O2S Methyl mercaptoacetate CH3OC(=O)C(H2)SH 5 411 ± 8 state 0+
C3H6O2S CH3OC(=O)C(H2)SH 5 412 ± 9 state 0-
C3H7Br 2-Bromopropane (CH3)2CHBr 5 1437.0 ± 2.5 79Br
C3H7Cl 1-Chloropropane CH3C(H2)C(H2)Cl 29 1017.8 ± 1.4 gauche conformer

C3H7Cl CH3C(H2)C(H2)Cl 29 966.0 ± 7.0 trans conformer
C3H7Cl 2-Chloropropane (CH3)2CHCl 5 1374.03 ± 1.00 35Cl
C3H7F 1-Fluoropropane CH3C(H2)C(H2)F 30 965.3 ± 12.2 gauche conformer

C3H7F CH3C(H2)C(H2)F 30 948.5 ± 2.8 trans conformer
C3H7F 2-Fluoropropane (CH3)2CHF 5 1162.79 ± 0.84
C4H7N Butanenitrile CH3C(H2)C(H2)C≡N 31 1087.4 ± 8.4 gauche conformer
C4H7N CH3C(H2)C(H2)C≡N 31 1088.5 ± 13.3 trans conformer
C3H7NO Propanamide CH3CH2C(=O)NH2 32 761 ± 42 syn conformer
C3H7NO N,N-Dimethylformamide (CH3)2NC(H)=O 5 366.04 ± 0.26 cis CH3
C3H7NO (CH3)2NC(H)=O 5 772.4 ± 7.4 trans CH3
C3H8 Propane (CH3)2CH2 33 1108.1 ± 9.5
C3H8Ge Cyclopropylgermane C(H 2 )C(H 2 )C (H)(GeH 3 ) 5 466.6 ± 16.7 GeH3

C3H8N2O N-Nitrosoethylmethylamine CH3CH2N(CH3)N=O 5 310 ± 30 N-methyl top, OGM

conformer
C3H8O 1-Propanol CH3C(H2)C(H2)OH 34 956 ± 21 trans conformer
C3H8Si Cyclopropylsilane C(H 2 )C(H 2 )C (H)(SiH 3 ) 35 670.9 ± 1.5

C3H8Si Dimethyl(methylene)silane (CH3)2Si=CH2 5 351.4 ± 5.9

C3H9O3P Dimethyl methylphosphonate (OCH3)2P(=O)CH3 36 662 ± 6 P-methyl top
C3H9O3P (OCH3)2P(=O)CH3 37 278.82 ± 0.06 O-methyl top #1
C3H9O3P (OCH3)2P(=O)CH3 37 181.82 ± 0.01 O-methyl top #2
C4H3FO But-2-ynoyl fluoride CH3C≡CC(F)=O 5 2.20 ± 0.12
C4H5N cis-2-Butenenitrile CH3C(H)=C(H)C≡N 5 485.50 ± 0.25
C4H5N 2-Methylacrylonitrile CH2=C(CH3)C≡N 5 695.2 ± 2.1
C4H5NO 2-Methyloxazole N=C(CH 3 )OC(H)=C (H) 5 251.70 ± 1.17

C4H5NO 4-Methyloxazole N=C(H)OC(H)=C (CH 3 ) 5 429.44 ± 0.33

C4H5NO 5-Methyloxazole N=C(H)OC(CH 3 )=C (H) 5 477.90 ± 1.34

C4H5NO 5-Methylisoxazole C(H)=NOC(CH 3 )=C (H) 5 272.05 ± 1.00

C4H5NS 2-Methylthiazole N=C(CH 3 )=SC(H)=C (H) 38 34.938 ± 0.020

Molecular
C4H5NS 4-Methylisothiazole N=C(H)C(CH 3 )=C(H)S 5 105.767 ± 0.043

C4H6O2 4-Methyl-2-oxetanone OC(=O)C(H 2 )C (H)(CH 3 ) 5 1256.5 ± 10.5


Hindered Internal Rotation 9-71

C4H7F trans-1-Fluoro-2-butene CH3C(H)=C(H)CH2F 5 596 ± 7 anticlinal conformer
C4H7N 1-Isocyanopropane CH3C(H2)C(H2)N≡C 5 1012.3 ± 8.4 gauche conformer
C4H7N CH3C(H2)C(H2)N≡C 5 1033.8 ± 7.7 trans conformer
C4H8 Isobutene (CH3)2C=CH2 5 761.58 ± 1.05
C4H8 cis-2-Butene CH3CH=CHCH3 5 259.89 ± 0.42
C4H8O 3-Methoxy-1-propene CH3OC(H2)C(H)=CH2 5 728.0 ± 10.5 skew-gauche conformer
C4H8O CH3OC(H2)C(H)=CH2 5 829.5 ± 10.5 syn-trans conformer
C4H8O 2,2-Dimethyloxirane OC(CH 3 )(CH 3 )C (H 2 ) 5 945.61 ± 0.75

C4H8O cis-2,3-Dimethyloxirane OC(H)(CH 3 )C (H)(CH 3 ) 5 577.80 ± 1.84 cis conformer

C4H8O OC(H)(CH 3 )C (H)(CH 3 ) 5 862.52 ± 1.84 trans conformer

C4H8O 2-Methyloxetane OC(H 2 )C(H 2 )C (H)(CH 3 ) 5 1166.5 ± 4.9

C4H8O 3-Methyloxetane OC(H 2 )C(H)(CH 3 )C (H 2 ) 5 1149.4 ± 4.2

C4H8OS 3-Methoxythietane SC(H 2 )C(H)(OCH 3 )C (H 2 ) 5 1071.0 ± 10.5

C4H8S 3-(Methylthio)-1-propene CH3SC(H2)C(H)=CH2 5 619 ± 28

C4H8S 2,2-Dimethylthiirane SC(CH 3 )(CH 3 )C (H 2 ) 5 1268.3 ± 3.0

C4H10 Butane CH3C(H2)C(H2)CH3 5 948 ± 24

C4H10N2O N-Methyl-N- CH3C(H2)C(H2)N(CH3)N=O 5 320 ± 30 N-methyl top, conformer
nitrosopropylamine OMGA
C5H8O2 Dihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)- OC(=O)C(H)(CH 3 )C(H 2 )C (H 2 ) 5 913.8 ± 2.5
furanone
C5H8O2 Dihydro-4-methyl-2(3H)- OC(=O)C(H 2 )C(H)(CH 3 )C (H 2 ) 39 1437.8 ± 8.4

furanone
C5H8O2 Dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)- OC(=O)C(H 2 )C(H 2 )C (H)(CH 3 ) 39 1233.0 ± 4.2

furanone
C5H9NO tert-Butyl isocyanate (CH3)3C≡N=C=O 5 41.510 ± 0.015 (CH3)3 C group

C5H12O Methyl tert-butyl ether (CH3)3COCH3 5 498.6 ± 1.5 O-methyl top
C6H10O 2-Methylcyclopentanone C(=O)C(H)(CH 3 )C(H 2 )C(H 2 )C (H 2 ) 5 844.2 ± 2.4

C6H10O 3-Methylcyclopentanone C(=O)C(H 2 )C(H)(CH 3 )C(H 2 )C(H 2 )C (H 2 ) 5 1233.8 ± 1.7

C6H14O tert-Butyl ethyl ether (CH3)3COC(H2)CH3 5 1025 ± 3 ethyl CH3

C7H6F2 2,4-Difluorotoluene C(H)=C(CH 3 )C(F)=C(H)C(F)=C (H) 5 204.04 ± 0.23

C7H7Cl 2-Chlorotoluene C(H)=C(H)C(Cl)=C(CH 3 )C(H)=C (H) 40 513.8 ± 2.7 Cl

35

C7H9N 2,6-Dimethylpyridine C(H)=C(H)C(CH 3 )=NC(CH 3 )=C (H) 5 98.24 ± 0.27

C7H16FO2P 1,2,2-Trimethylpropyl (CH3)3CC(H)(CH3)OP(O)(F)CH3 41 821 ± 5 P-methyl top, conformer

methylphosphonofluoridate GD-I
C7H16FO2P (CH3)3CC(H)(CH3)OP(O)(F)CH3 41 738 ± 5 P-methyl top, conformer
GD-II
GeH3N3 Germyl azide GeH3-N=N≡N 42 86.598 ± 0.062
H5PSi Silylphospine SiH3PH2 43 537.2 ± 14.0
TABLE 2. Symmetric Rotor Potential Parameters

Molecular

BF3H3P Phosphine-trifluoroborane H3PBF3 44 1169 ± 123
BF3H3P Trihydro(phosphorus trifluoride)boron F3PBH3 45 1134 ± 53
BH6P Trihydro(phosphine)boron H3PBH3 46 864.5 ± 17.5

9-72 Hindered Internal Rotation

CF6Si Trifluoro(trifluoromethyl)silane CF3SiF3 47 489 ± 50
CH3F3Ge Trifluoromethylgermane CF3GeH3 48 448 ± 53
CH3F3Si Trifluoromethylsilane CH3SiF3 49 414.147 ± 0.030
CH6Ge Methylgermane CH3GeH3 50 433.6 ± 8.8
CH6Si Methylsilane CH3SiH3 2 603.3878 ± 0.0037
CH6Sn Methylstannane CH3SnH3 51 227 ± 10
C2H3F3 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane CH3CF3 52 1112.24 ± 0.16
C2H6 Ethane CH3CH3 2 1013.28 ± 0.10 V6 = 8.798 ± 0.041
C2H3D3 Ethane-1,1,1-d3 CH3CD3 2 1001.876 ± 0.023 V6 = 9.328 ± 0.018
C2D6 Ethane-d6 CD3CD3 2 989.946 ± 0.090 V6 = 9.51 ± 0.10
C3H6Si 1-Silylpropyne CH3C≡CSiH3 53 3.77 ± 0.70
C3H9ClSi Trimethylchlorosilane (CH3)3SiCl 54 576.9 ± 0.9
C4H6 2-Butyne CH3C≡CCH3 55 6.067 ± 0.040 V6 = 0.1240 ± 0.0144;
V9 = –0.0916 ± 0.0180
C5H10Ge Ethynyltrimethylgermane (CH3)3GeC≡CH 56 376.2 ± 16.7
H6Si2 Disilane SiH3SiH3 57 412.033 ± 0.010
Molecular

BOND DISSOCIATION ENERGIES
Yu-Ran Luo and Jin-Pei Cheng
The bond dissociation energy (enthalpy) is also referred to as 1. Table 1: Bond Dissociation Energies in Diatomic Molecules
bond disruption energy, bond energy, bond strength, or binding 2. Table 2: Enthalpy of Formation of Gaseous Atoms
energy (abbreviation: BDE, BE, or D). It is defined as the standard 3. Table 3: Bond Dissociation Energies in Polyatomic
enthalpy change of the following fission: R−X → R + X. The BDE, Molecules
denoted by Dº(R−X), is usually derived by the thermochemical 4. Table 4: Enthalpies of Formation of Free Radicals and
equation, Dº(R−X) = Δf Hº(R) + Δf Hº(X) – Δf Hº(RX). The enthalpy Other Transient Species
of formation Δf Hº of a large number of atoms, free radicals, ions, 5. Table 5: Bond Dissociation Energies of Some Organic
clusters and compounds is available from the websites of NIST, Molecules
NASA, CODATA, and IUPAC. Most authors prefer to use the 6. Table 6: Bond Dissociation Energies in Diatomic Cations
BDE values at 298.15 K. 7. Table 7: Bond Dissociation Energies in Polyatomic Cations
The following seven tables provide essential information of
experimental BDE values of R−X and R+−X bonds. The data in these tables have been revised through September
2014.
TABLE 1. Bond Dissociation Energies in Diatomic Molecules

The BDEs in diatomic species have usually been measured by spectroscopy or mass spectrometry. In the absence of data on the
enthalpy function, the values at 0 K, Dº(A−B), are converted to Dº298 by the approximate equation:
Dº298(A−B) ≈ Dº(A−B) + (3/2)RT = Dº(A−B) + 3.7181 kJ mol–1
This table has been arranged in an alphabetical order of the atoms A in the diatomics A−B.
A–B Dº298/kJ mol–1 Ref. A–B Dº298/kJ mol–1 Ref. A–B Dº298/kJ mol–1 Ref. A–B Dº298/kJ mol–1 Ref.
Ac−O 794 1 Al−Au 325.9 ± 6.3 1 Ar−B 4.62 1 As−Sb 330.5 ± 5.4 1
Ac–S 505 ± 68 22 Al−Br 429.2 ± 5.8 1 Ar−Br ~5.0 1 As−Se 96 1
Ag−Ag 162.9 ± 2.9 1 Al−C 267.7 1 Ar−C 5.158 1 As−Tl 198.3 ± 14.6 1
Ag−Al 183.7 ± 9.2 1 Al−Ca 52.7 1 Ar−Ca 4.44 ± 0.60 1 Au−Au 226.2 ± 0.5 1
Ag−Au 202.5 ± 9.6 1 Al−Cl 502 1 Ar−Cd 5.57 ± 0.05 1 Au−B 367.8 ± 10.5 1
Ag−Bi 192 ± 42 1 Al−Co 181.6 ± 0.2 1 Ar−Ga 3.96 1 Au−Ba 275.2 ± 6.3 25
Ag−Br 280.3 ± 1.3 1 Al−Cr 222.9 ± 0.9 1 Ar−Ge <5.4 1 Au−Be 237.7 ± 4.0 1
Ag−Cl 279.1 ± 8.4 1 Al−Cu 227.1 ± 1.2 1 Ar−He 3.96 1 Au−Bi 293 ± 8.4 1
Ag−Cu 171.5 ± 9.6 1 Al−D 290.4 1 Ar−Hg 5.32 1 Au−Br 213 ± 21 1
Ag−D 226.8 1 Al−F 675 1 Ar−I ~5.3 1 Au−Ca 250.4 ± 4.0 1
Ag−Dy 130 ± 19 1 Al−H 288 ± 13 1 Ar−In 4.18 1 Au−Ce 322 ± 18 1
Ag−Eu 127 ± 13 1 Al−I 369.9 ± 2.1 1 Ar−Kr 5.11 1 Au−Cl 280 ± 13 1
Ag−F 356.9 ± 5.8 1 Al−Kr 6.05 1 Ar−Li ~7.82 1 Au−Co 218.0 ± 16.4 1
Ag−Ga 159 ± 17 1 Al−Li 76.1 1 Ar−Mg ~3.7 1 Au−Cr 223.7 ± 28.9 1
Ag−Ge 174.5 ± 21 1 Al−N ≤368 ± 15 1 Ar−Na ~4.2 1 Au−Cs 253 ± 3.5 1
Ag−H 202.4 ± 9.1 1 Al−Ne 3.9 1 Ar−Ne 4.27 1 Au−Cu 227.1 ± 1.2 1
Ag−Ho 124 ± 19 1 Al−Ni 224.7 ± 4.8 1 Ar−Si 5.86 1 Au−D 322.2 1
Ag−I 234 ± 29 1 Al−O 501.9 ± 10.6 1 Ar−Sn <5.1 1 Au−Dy 259 ± 24 1
Ag−In 166.5 ± 4.9 1 Al−P 216.7 ± 12.6 1 Ar−Tl 4.09 1 Au−Eu 245 ± 12 1
Ag−Li 186.1 1 Al−Pd 254.4 ± 12.1 1 Ar−Xe 5.28 1 Au−F 294.1 1
Ag−Mn 99.2 ± 21 1 Al−S 332 ± 10 1 Ar−Zn 5.0 1 Au−Fe 187.0 ± 19.3 1
Ag−Na 133.1 ± 12.6 1 Al−Sb 216.3 ± 6 1 As−As 385.8 ± 10.5 1 Au−Ga 290 ± 15 1
Ag−Nd <213 1 Al−Se 318 ± 13 1 As−Cl 448 1 Au−Ge 273.2 ± 14.6 1
Ag−O 221 ± 21 1 Al−Si 246.9 ± 12.6 1 As−D 270.3 1 Au−H 300.5 ± 2.6 4
Ag−S 216.7 ± 14.6 1 Al−Te 268 ± 13 1 As−F 410 1 Au−Ho 267 ± 35 1
Ag−Sb 156.3 ± 4.9 30 Al−Ti 263.4 1 As−Ga 202.5 ± 4.8 1 Au−I 276 1
Ag−Se 210.0 ± 14.6 1 Al−U 326 ± 29 1 As−H 274.0 ± 2.9 1 Au−In 286.0 ± 5.7 1
Ag−Si 185.1 ± 9.6 1 Al−V 147.4 ± 1.0 1 As−I 296.6 ± 24 1 Au−K 271.5 ± 19.3 28
Ag−Sn 136 ± 21 1 Al−Xe 7.39 1 As−In 201 ± 10 1 Au–Kr 6.59 ± 0.23 19
Ag−Te 195.8 ± 14.6 1 Am−O 582 ± 34 18 As−N 489 ± 2.1 1 Au−La 457 ± 28 1
Molecular
Al−Al 264.3 ± 0.5 1 Am–S 375 ± 33 22 As−O 484 ± 8 1 Au−Li 284.5 ± 6.7 1
Al−Ar 5.69 1 Ar−Ar 4.91 1 As−P 433.5 ± 12.6 1 Au−Lu 332 ± 19 1
Al−As 202.7 ± 7.1 1 Ar–Au 5.50 ± 0.16 19 As−S 379.5 ± 6.3 1 Au−Mg 179.1 ± 2.7 1
9-73

9-74 Bond Dissociation Energies
Au−Mn 197.7 ± 21 1 Ba−S 418 ± 21 1 Br−Mo 313.4 1 C−Th 453 ± 17 1
Au−Na 247.4 ± 7.8 27 Be−Be 59 1 Br−N 280.8 ± 21 1 C−Ti 423 ± 30 1
Au−Nd 294 ± 29 1 Be−Br 316 1 Br−Na 363.1 ± 4.2 1 C−U 455 ± 15 1
Au−Ni 247 ± 16.4 1 Be−Cl 384 1 Br−Nd 341.8 23 C−V 423 ± 24 1
Au−O 223 ± 21 1 Be−D 203.1 1 Br−Ni 360 ± 13 1 C−Y 418 ± 14 1
Au−Pb 133 ± 42 1 Be−F 573 1 Br−O 237.6 ± 0.4 1 C−Zr 495.8 ± 38.6 1
Au−Pd 142.7 ± 21 1 Be−H 221 1 Br−P ≤329 1 Ca−Ca 16.52 ± 0.11 1
Au−Pr 311 ± 25 1 Be−I 261 1 Br−Pb 248.5 ± 14.6 1 Ca−Cl 409 ± 8.7 1
Au−Rb 243 ± 3.5 1 Be−O 437 1 Br–Pm 337.6 23 Ca−D ≤169.9 1
Au−Rh 232.6 ± 29 1 Be−S 372 ± 59 1 Br−Pr 346.3 23 Ca−F 529 1
Au−S 253.6 ± 14.6 1 Be−T 204.4 1 Br−Rb 380.7 ± 4.2 1 Ca−H 223.8 1
Au−Sb 241.3 ± 5.8 30 Bi−Bi 204.4 1 Br−S 218 ± 17 1 Ca−I 284.7 ± 8.4 1
Au−Sc 280 ± 40 1 Bi−Br 240.2 1 Br−Sb 314 ± 59 1 Ca−Kr 5.15 ± 0.72 1
Au−Se 251.0 ± 14.6 1 Bi−Cl 300.4 ± 4.2 1 Br−Sc 444 ± 63 1 Ca−Li 84.9 ± 8.4 1
Au−Si 304.6 ± 6.0 1 Bi−D 283.7 1 Br−Se 297 ± 84 1 Ca−O 383.3 ± 5.0 1
Au−Sn 256.5 ± 7.2 1 Bi−F 366.5 ± 12.5 1 Br−Si 358.2 ± 8.4 1 Ca−Pd 347 - 360 1
Au−Sr 246.4 ± 4.8 25 Bi−Ga 158.6 ± 16.7 1 Br−Sm 334.3 23 Ca−S 335 ± 21 1
Au−Tb 285 ± 33 1 Bi−H ≤283.3 1 Br−Sn 337 ± 13 1 Ca−Xe 7.31 ± 0.96 1
Au−Te 237.2 ± 14.6 1 Bi−I 186.1 ± 5.8 1 Br−Sr 365 1 Cd−Cd 7.36 1
Au−U 318 ± 29 1 Bi−In 153.6 ± 1.7 1 Br−T 372.77 1 Cd−Cl 208.4 1
Au−V 246.0 ± 8.7 1 Bi−Li 149.4 1 Br−Tb 386.4 23 Cd−F 305 ± 21 1
Au–Xe 11.33 ± 0.23 19 Bi−O 337.2 ± 12.6 1 Br−Th 364 1 Cd−H 69.0 ± 0.4 1
Au−Y 310 ± 12 1 Bi−P 281.7 ± 13 1 Br−Ti 373 1 Cd−I 97.2 ± 2.1 1
B−B 290 1 Bi−Pb 142.4 ± 3.0 1 Br−Tl 331 ± 21 1 Cd−In 134 1
B−Br 390.9 ± 0.5 1 Bi−S 315.5 ± 4.6 1 Br−Tm 300.9 23 Cd−K 7.3 1
B−C 448 ± 29 1 Bi−Sb 252.7 ± 3.9 1 Br−U 377 ± 15 1 Cd−Kr 5.17 1
B−Cd 301.0 1 Bi−Se 280.3 ± 5.9 1 Br−V 439 ± 42 1 Cd−Na 10.2 1
B−Ce 305 ± 21 1 Bi−Sn 193 ± 13 1 Br−W 329.3 1 Cd−Ne 3.97 1
B−Cl 427 1 Bi−Te 232.2 ± 11.3 1 Br−Xe 5.94 ± 0.02 1 Cd−O 236 ± 84 1
B−D 341.0 ± 6.3 1 Bi−Tl 120.9 ± 12.6 1 Br−Y 481 ± 84 1 Cd−S 208.5 ± 20.9 1
B−F 732 1 Bk−O 598 1 Br−Yb 297.7 23 Cd−Se 127.6 ± 25.1 1
B−H 345.2 ± 2.5 1 Br−Br 193.859 ± 0.120 1 Br−Zn 138 ± 29 1 Cd−Te 100.0 ± 15.1 1
B−I 361 1 Br−C 318.0 ± 8.4 1 Br−Zr 420 1 Cd−Xe 6.54 1
B−Ir 512.2 ± 17 1 Br−Ca 339 1 C−C 605.03 ± 0.28 33 Ce−Ce 251.7 1
B−La 335 ± 63 1 Br−Cd 159 ± 96 1 C−Ce 443 ± 30 1 Ce−Cl 460.0 23
B−N 377.9 ± 8.7 1 Br−Ce 375.2 23 C−Cl 394.9 ± 13.4 1 Ce−F 621.6 23
B−Ne 3.97 1 Br−Cl 219.32 ± 0.05 1 C−D 341.4 1 Ce−I 335.5 23
B−O 809 1 Br−Co 326 ± 42 1 C−F 513.8 ± 10.0 1 Ce−Ir 575 ± 9 1
B−P 347 ± 16.7 1 Br−Cr 328.0 ± 24.3 1 C−Fe 367.7 ± 4.2 20 Ce−N 519 ± 21 1
B−Pd 351.5 ± 16.7 1 Br−Cs 389.1 ± 4.2 1 C−Ge 455.7 ± 11 1 Ce−O 790 1
B−Pt 477.8 ± 16.7 1 Br−Cu 331 ± 25 1 C−H 338.72 ± 0.11 33 Ce−Os 524 ± 20 1
B−Rh 475.8 ± 21 1 Br−D 370.74 1 C−Hf 540 ± 25 1 Ce−Pd 319 ± 21 1
B−Ru 446.9 ± 21 1 Br−Dy 315.7 23 C−I 253.1 ± 35.6 1 Ce−Pt 550 ± 5 1
B−S 577 ± 9.2 1 Br−Er 363.2 23 C−Ir 631 ± 5 1 Ce−Rh 545 ± 7 1
B−Sc 272 ± 63 1 Br−Eu 328.8 23 C−La 463 ± 20 1 Ce−Ru 494 ± 12 1
B−Se 462 ± 14.6 1 Br−F 280 ± 12 1 C−Mo 482 ± 16 1 Ce−S 569 1
B−Si 317 ± 12 1 Br−Fe 243 ± 84 1 C−N 749.31 ± 0.14 33 Ce−Se 494.5 ± 14.6 1
B−Te 354 ± 20 1 Br−Ga 402 ± 13 1 C−Nb 523.8 ± 14.5 1 Ce−Te 189.4 ± 12.6 1
B−Th 297 ± 33 1 Br−Gd 374.5 23 C−Ni 337.0 1 Cf−O 498 1
B−Ti 272 ± 63 1 Br−Ge 347 ± 8 1 C−O 1076.63 ± 0.06 33 Cl−Cl 242.851 ± 0.096 8
B−U 322 ± 33 1 Br−H 366.16 ± 0.20 1 C−Os 608 ± 25 1 Cl−Co 343.9 11
B−Y 289 ± 63 1 Br−Hg 74.9 1 C−P 507.5 ± 8.8 1 Cl−Cr 380.3 11
Ba−Br 359.9 23 Br−Ho 323.9 23 C−Pd 436 ± 20 1 Cl−Cs 445.7 ± 7.7 1
Ba−Cl 439.3 23 Br−I 179.1 ± 0.4 1 C−Pt 577.8 ± 6.8 13 Cl−Cu 377.8 ± 7.5 1
Ba−D ≤193.7 1 Br−In 409 ± 10 1 C−Rh 580 ± 4 1 Cl−D 436.303 ± 0.011 1
Ba−F 580.0 23 Br−K 379.1 ± 4.2 1 C−Ru 648 ± 13 1 Cl−Dy 395.1 23
Ba−H 192.0 1 Br−La 448.6 23 C−S 713.3 ± 1.2 1 Cl−Er 451.0 23
Molecular
Ba−I 321.0 23 Br−Li 418.8 ± 4.2 1 C−Sc 444 ± 21 1 Cl−Eu 408.4 23

Ba−O 562 ± 13.4 1 Br−Lu 303.3 23 C−Se 590.4 ± 5.9 1 Cl−F 260.83 1
Ba−Pd 221.8 ± 5.0 1 Br−Mg 317.96 1 C−Si 447 1 Cl−Fe 335.5 11
Ba−Rh 259.4 ± 25 1 Br−Mn 314.2 ± 9.6 1 C−Tc 564 ± 29 1 Cl−Ga 463 ± 13 1

Bond Dissociation Energies 9-75
Cl−Gd 453.9 23 Co−Si 274.4 ± 17 1 D−Ni ≤302.9 1 F–Pm 561.3 23
Cl−Ge 390.8 ± 9.6 1 Co−Ti 235.37 ± 0.10 1 D−O 429.64 1 F−Pr 582.0 23
Cl−H 431.361 ± 0.013 1 Co−Y 253.71 ± 0.10 1 D−P 299.0 1 F−Pu 538 ± 29 1
Cl−Hg 92.0 ± 9.2 1 Co−Zr 306.39 ± 0.10 1 D−Pt ≤350.2 1 F−Rb 494 ± 21 1
Cl−Ho 411.6 23 Cr−Cr 152.0 ± 6 1 D−S 350.62 ± 1.20 1 F−Ru 402 1
Cl−I 211.3 ± 0.4 1 Cr−Cu 154.4 ± 14.5 1 D−Si 302.5 1 F−S 343.5 ± 6.7 1
Cl−In 436 ± 8 1 Cr−F 523 ± 19 1 D−Sr 167.7 1 F−Sb 439 ± 96 1
Cl−K 433.0 ± 8.4 1 Cr−Fe ~75 1 D−T 444.91 1 F−Sc 599.1 ± 13.4 1
Cl−La 524.4 23 Cr−Ge 154 ± 7 1 D−Tl 193.0 1 F−Se 339 ± 42 1
Cl−Li 469 ± 13 1 Cr−H 189.9 ± 6.7 1 D−Zn 88.7 1 F−Si 576.4 ± 17 1
Cl−Lu 383.3 23 Cr−I 287.0 ± 24.3 1 Dy−Dy 70.3 1 F−Sm 565.2 23
Cl−Mg 312 1 Cr−N 377.8 ± 18.8 1 Dy−F 531.1 23 F−Sn 476 ± 8 1
Cl−Mn 337.6 11 Cr−Nb 295.72 ± 0.06 1 Dy−I 277.2 23 F−Sr 538 1
Cl−N 333.9 ± 9.6 1 Cr−O 461 ± 8.7 1 Dy−O 615 1 F−T 579.009 ± 0.108 1
Cl−Na 412.1 ± 8.4 1 Cr−Pb 105 ± 2 1 Dy−S 414 ± 42 1 F−Ta 573 ± 13 1
Cl−Nd 421.1 23 Cr−S 331 1 Dy−Se 322 ± 20 1 F−Tb 647.3 23
Cl−Ni 372.3 11 Cr−Sn 141 ± 3 1 Dy−Te 234 ± 20 1 F−Th 652 1
Cl−O 267.47 ± 0.08 1 Cs−Cs 43.919 ± 0.010 1 Er−Er 75 ± 29 1 F−Ti 569 ± 33 1
Cl−P ≤376 1 Cs−F 517.1 ± 7.7 1 Er−F 572.6 23 F−Tl 439 ± 21 1
Cl−Pb 301 ± 50 1 Cs−H 175.364 1 Er−I 317.6 23 F−Tm 509.1 23
Cl–Pm 417.0 23 Cs−Hg 8 1 Er−O 606 1 F−U 648 1
Cl−Pr 425.7 23 Cs−I 338.5 ± 2.1 1 Er−S 418 ± 21 1 F−V 590 ± 63 1
Cl−Ra 343 ± 75 1 Cs−Li 72.9 ± 1.2 5 Er−Se 326 ± 20 1 F−W ≤544 1
Cl−Rb 427.6 ± 8.4 1 Cs−Na 63.2 ± 1.3 1 Er−Te 238 ± 20 1 F−Xe 14.18 1
Cl−S 241.8 1 Cs−O 293 ± 25 1 Es−O 460 1 F−Y 685.3 ± 13.4 1
Cl−Sb 360 ± 50 1 Cs−Rb 49.57 ± 0.01 1 Eu−Eu 45.2 1 F−Yb 525.1 23
Cl−Sc 331 1 Cu−Cu 182.0 ± 2.5 32 Eu−F 543.0 23 F−Zn 364 ± 63 1
Cl−Se 322 1 Cu−D 270.3 1 Eu−I 290.4 23 F−Zr 627.2 ± 10.5 1
Cl−Si 416.7 ± 6.3 1 Cu−Dy 144 ± 18 1 Eu−Li 268.1 ± 12.6 1 Fe−Fe 118 1
Cl−Sm 422.1 23 Cu−F 414 1 Eu−O 473 1 Fe−Ge 210.9 ± 29 1
Cl−Sn 350 ± 8 1 Cu−Ga 215.9 ± 15 1 Eu−Rh 238 ± 34 1 Fe−H 148 ± 3 1
Cl−Sr 409 1 Cu−Ge 208.8 ± 21 1 Eu−S 365.7 ± 13.4 1 Fe−I 123 1
Cl−T 438.64 1 Cu−H 254.8 ± 6 1 Eu−Se 302.9 ± 14.6 1 Fe−O 407.0 ± 1.0 1
Cl−Ta 544 1 Cu−Ho 144 ± 19 1 Eu−Te 251.0 ± 14.6 1 Fe−S 328.9 ± 14.6 1
Cl−Tb 474.2 23 Cu−I 289 ± 63 1 F−F 158.670 ± 0.096 1 Fe−Si 297 ± 25 1
Cl−Th 489 1 Cu−In 187.4 ± 7.9 1 F−Fe 447 1 Fm−O 443 1
Cl−Ti 405.4 ± 10.5 1 Cu−Li 191.9 1 F−Ga 584 ± 13 1 Ga−Ga <106.4 1
Cl−Tl 372.8 ± 2.1 1 Cu−Na 176.1 ± 16.7 1 F−Gd 594.6 23 Ga−H 265.9 ± 5.9 4
Cl−Tm 380.3 23 Cu−Ni 201.7 ± 9.6 1 F−Ge 523 ± 13 1 Ga−I 334 ± 13 1
Cl−U 439 1 Cu−O 293.4 ± 2.9 32 F−H 569.680 ± 0.011 1 Ga−In 94.0 ± 3 1
Cl−V 477 ± 63 1 Cu−S 274.5 ± 14.6 1 F−Hf 650 ± 15 1 Ga−Kr 4.08 1
Cl−W 419 1 Cu−Sb 186.7 ± 5.1 30 F−Hg ~180 1 Ga−Li 133.1 ± 14.6 1
Cl−Xe 7.08 1 Cu−Se 255.2 ± 14.6 1 F−Ho 517.7 23 Ga−O 374 ± 21 1
Cl−Y 523 ± 84 1 Cu−Si 221.3 ± 6.3 1 F−I ≤271.5 1 Ga−P 229.7 ± 12.6 1
Cl−Yb 377.1 23 Cu−Sn 170 ± 10 1 F−In 516 ± 13 1 Ga−Sb 192.0 ± 12.6 1
Cl−Zn 229 ± 8 1 Cu−Tb 191 ± 18 1 F−K 489.2 1 Ga−Te 265 ± 21 1
Cl−Zr 530 1 Cu−Te 230.5 ± 14.6 1 F−Kr 6.6 1 Ga−Xe 5.27 1
Cm−O 709 ± 43 18 D−D 443.3197 ± 0.0003 1 F−La 665.1 23 Gd−Gd 206.3 ± 67.5 1
Cm–S 504 ± 25 22 D−F 576.236 ± 0.011 1 F−Li 577 ± 21 1 Gd−I 336.0 23
Co−Co <127 1 D−Ga <276.5 1 F−Lu 523.4 23 Gd−O 715 1
Co−Cu 161.1 ± 16.4 1 D−Ge ≤322 1 F−Mg 445.6 1 Gd−S 526.8 ± 10.5 1
Co−D 270.2 ± 5.8 1 D−H 439.2223 ± 0.0002 1 F−Mn 445.2 ± 7.5 1 Gd−Se 430 ± 15 1
Co−F 431 ± 63 1 D−Hg 42.05 1 F−Mo 464 1 Gd−Te 341 ± 15 1
Co−Ge 230 ± 21 1 D−I 302.33 1 F−N ≤349 1 Ge−Ge 264.4 ± 6.8 1
Co−H 244.9 ± 4.8 1 D−In 246 1 F−Na 477.3 1 Ge−H 263.2 ± 4.8 1
Co−I 280 ± 21 1 D−K 182.4 1 F−Nd 548.7 23 Ge−I 268 ± 25 1
Co−Mn 50 ± 8 1 D−Li 240.24 1 F−Ni 439.7 ± 5.9 2 Ge−Ni 290.3 ± 10.9 1
Molecular
Co−Nb 267.02 ± 0.10 1 D−Lu 302 1 F−Np 430 ± 50 1 Ge−O 657.5 ± 4.6 4
Co−O 397.4 ± 8.7 1 D−Mg 161.33 ± 0.32 1 F−O 220 1 Ge−Pb 142.2 ± 6.8 31
Co−S 331 1 D−Mn 312 ± 6 1 F−P ≤405 1 Ge−Pd 254.7 ± 10.5 1
Co−Sc 240.1 7 D−N 341.6 1 F−Pb 355 ± 13 1 Ge−S 534 ± 3 1

Ge−Sc 270 ± 11 1 Hg−Xe 6.65 1 Ir−Y 457 ± 15 1 N−P 617.1 ± 20.9 1
Ge−Se 484.7 ± 1.7 1 Hg−Zn 7.3 1 K−K 56.96 1 N−Pt 374.2 ± 9.6 1
Ge−Si 297 1 Ho−Ho 70.3 1 K−Kr 4.6 1 N−Pu 469 ± 63 1
Ge−Sn 230.1 ± 13 1 Ho−I 277.0 23 K−Li 82.0 ± 4.2 1 N−S 467 ± 24 1
Ge−Te 396.7 ± 3.3 1 Ho−O 606 1 K−Na 65.994 ± 0.008 1 N−Sb 460 ± 84 1
Ge−Y 279 ± 11 1 Ho−S 428.4 ± 14.6 1 K−Zn 6.5 1 N−Sc 464 ± 84 1
H−H 435.7799 ± 0.0001 1 Ho−Se 333 ± 15 1 K−O 271.5 ± 12.6 1 N−Si 437.1 ± 9.9 1
H−Hg 39.844 1 Ho−Te ≤259 ± 15 1 K−Rb 53.723 ± 0.005 1 N−Ta 607 ± 84 1
H−I 298.26 ± 0.10 1 I−I 152.25 ± 0.57 1 K−Xe 5.0 1 N−Th 577 ± 33 1
H−In 243.1 1 I−In 306.9 ± 1.1 1 Kr−Kr 5.39 1 N−Ti 476 ± 33 1
H−K 174.576 1 I−K 322.5 ± 2.1 1 Kr−Li ~12.1 1 N−U 531 ± 21 1
H−Li 238.039 ± 0.006 1 I−Kr 5.67 1 Kr−Mg 6.71 ± 0.96 1 N−V 523 ± 38 1
H−Mg 127.18 ± 0.006 10 I−La 414.8 23 Kr−Na ~4.53 1 N−Xe 26.9 1
H−Mn 251 ± 5 1 I−Li 345.2 ± 4.2 1 Kr−Ne 4.31 1 N−Y 477 ± 63 1
H−Mo 202.5 ± 18.3 9 I−Lu 264.8 23 Kr−O <8 1 N−Zr 565 ± 25 1
H−N 358.8 ± 0.2 26 I−Mg 229 1 Kr−Tl 4.14 1 Na−Na 74.805 ± 0.586 1
H−Na 192.71 ± 0.01 34 I−Mn 282.8 ± 9.6 1 Kr−Xe 5.66 1 Na−Ne ~3.8 1
H−Nb >221.9 ± 9.6 1 I−Mo 266.9 1 Kr−Zn 5.0 1 Na−O 270 ± 4 1
H−Ni 240 ± 8 1 I−N 159 ± 17 1 La−La 244.9 1 Na−Rb 63.887 ± 0.024 1
H−O 429.74 ± 0.03 33 I−Na 304.2 ± 2.1 1 La−N 519 ± 42 1 Na−Xe ~5.12 1
H−P 297.0 ± 2.1 1 I−Nd 303.3 23 La−O 798 1 Nb−Nb 513 1
H−Pb ≤157 1 I−Ni 293 ± 21 1 La−Pt 505 ± 12 1 Nb−Ni 271.9 ± 0.1 1
H−Pd 234 ± 25 1 I−O 233.4 ± 1.3 12 La−Rh 550 ± 12 1 Nb−O 726.5 ± 10.6 1
H−Pt 330 1 I−Pb 194 ± 38 1 La−S 573.4 ± 1.7 1 Nb−Ti 302.0 ± 0.1 1
H−Rb 172.6 1 I–Pm 299.1 23 La−Se 485.7 ± 14.6 1 Nb−V 369.3 ± 0.1 1
H−Rh 241.0 ± 5.9 1 I−Pr 307.8 23 La−Te 385.6 ± 15 1 Nd−Nd 82.8 1
H−Ru 223 ± 15 1 I−Rb 318.8 ± 2.1 1 La−Y 197 ± 21 1 Nd−O 703 1
H−S 353.57 ± 0.30 1 I−Si 243.1 ± 8.4 1 Li−Li 105.0 1 Nd−S 471.5 ± 14.6 1
H−Sb 239.7 ± 4.2 1 I−Sm 295.8 23 Li−Mg 67.4 ± 6.3 1 Nd−Se 393.9 1
H−Sc 205 ± 17 1 I−Sn 235 ± 3 1 Li−Na 87.181 ± 0.001 1 Nd−Te 305 ± 15 1
H−Se 312.5 1 I−Sr 301 1 Li−O 340.5 ± 6.3 1 Ne−Ne 4.070 1
H−Si 293.3 ± 1.9 1 I−Tb 339.6 23 Li−Pb 78.7 ± 8 1 Ne−Xe 4.31 1
H−Sn 264 ± 17 1 I−Te 192 ± 42 1 Li−S 312.5 ± 7.5 1 Ne−Zn 3.92 1
H−Sr 164 ± 8 1 I−Th 361 ± 25 1 Li−Sb 169.0 ± 10.0 1 Ni−Ni 204 1
H−T 440.49 1 I−Ti 306 1 Li−Si 149 1 Ni−O 366 ± 30 1
H−Te 270.7 ± 1.7 1 I−Tl 285 ± 21 1 Li−Sm 193.3 ± 18.8 1 Ni−Pd 140.9 1
H−Ti 204.6 ± 8.8 1 I−Tm 262.4 23 Li−Tm 276.1 ± 14.6 1 Ni−Pt 273.7 ± 0.3 1
H−Tl 195.4 ± 4 1 I−U 299 ± 27 1 Li−Xe ~12.1 1 Ni−S 356 ± 21 1
H−V 209.3 ± 6.8 1 I−Xe ~6.9 1 Li−Yb 143.5 ± 12.6 1 Ni−Si 318 ± 17 1
H−Yb 183.1 ± 2.0 1 I−Y 422.6 ± 12.5 1 Lr−O 665 1 Ni−V 206.3 ± 0.2 1
H−Zn 85.8 ± 2 1 I−Yb 259.3 23 Lu−Lu 142 ± 33 1 Ni−Y 283.92 ± 0.10 1
He−He 3.809 1 I−Zn 153.1 ± 6.3 1 Lu−O 669 1 Ni−Zr 279.8 ± 0.1 1
He−Hg 3.8 1 I−Zr 127 1 Lu−Pt 402 ± 34 1 No−O 268 1
He−Xe 3.8 1 In−In 82.0 ± 5.7 1 Lu−S 508.4 ± 14.4 1 Np−O 744 ± 21 18
Hf−Hf 328 ± 58 1 In−Kr 4.85 1 Lu−Se 418 ± 15 1 Np–S 495 ± 55 22
Hf−N 535 ± 30 1 In−Li 92.5 ± 14.6 1 Lu−Te 325 ± 15 1 O−O 498.458 ± 0.004 33
Hf−O 801 ± 13 1 In−O 346 ± 30 1 Md−O 418 1 O−Os 575 1
Hg−Hg 8.10 ± 0.18 1 In−P 197.9 ± 8.4 1 Mg−Mg 11.3 1 O−P 589 1
Hg−I 34.69 ± 0.96 1 In−S 287.9 ± 14.6 1 Mg−Ne ~4.1 1 O−Pa 801 ± 59 18
Hg−K 8.8 1 In−Sb 151.9 ± 10.5 1 Mg−O 358.2 ± 7.2 1 O−Pb 382.4 ± 3.3 4
Hg−Kr 5.75 1 In−Se 245.2 ± 14.6 1 Mg−S 234 1 O−Pd 238.1 ± 12.6 1
Hg−Li 13.16 ± 0.38 1 In−Te 215.5 ± 14.6 1 Mg−Xe 9.70 ± 1.79 1 O−Pr 740 1
Hg−Na 10.8 1 In−Xe 6.48 1 Mn−Mn 61.6 ± 9.6 1 O−Pt 418.6 ± 11.6 13
Hg−Ne 4.14 1 In−Zn 32.2 1 Mn−O 362 ± 25 1 O−Pu 656.1 1
Hg−O 269 1 Ir−Ir 361 ± 68 1 Mn−S 301 ± 17 1 O−Rb 276 ± 12.6 1
Hg−Rb 8.4 1 Ir−La 577 ± 12 1 Mn−Se 239.3 ± 9.2 1 O−Re 627 ± 84 1
Hg−S 217.3 ± 22.2 1 Ir−Nb 465 ± 25 1 Mo−Mo 435.5 ± 1.0 1 O−Rh 405 ± 42 1
Molecular
Hg−Se 144.3 ± 30.1 1 Ir−O 410.1 ± 42.4 29 Mo−Nb 452 ± 25 1 O−Ru 528 ± 42 1
Hg−T 43.14 1 Ir−Si 462.8 ± 21 1 Mo−O 502 1 O−S 517.90 ± 0.05 1
Hg−Te <142 1 Ir−Th 574 ± 42 1 N−N 944.87 ± 0.05 33 O−Sb 434 ± 42 1
Hg−Tl 2.9 1 Ir−Ti 422 ± 13 1 N−O 630.57 ± 0.06 33 O−Sc 671.4 ± 1.0 1

O−Se 429.7 ± 6.3 1 Pb−Sb 161.5 ± 10.5 1 S−Se 371.1 ± 6.7 1 Si–Sn 238.4 ± 3.6 31
O−Si 799.6 ± 13.4 1 Pb−Se 302.9 ± 4.2 1 S−Si 617 ± 5 1 Si−Te 429.2 3
O−Sm 573 1 Pb−Si 166.6 ± 10.4 31 S-Sm 389 1 Si−Y 258 ± 17 1
O−Sn 528 1 Pb–Sn 124.8 ± 2.8 31 S−Sn 467 1 Sm−Sm 54 ± 21 1
O−Sr 426.3 ± 6.3 1 Pb−Te 249.8 ± 10.5 1 S−Sr 338.5 ± 16.7 1 Sm−Te 272.4 ± 14.6 1
O−Ta 839 1 Pd−Pd >136 1 S−Ta 669.5 ± 13.5 1 Sn−Sn 187.1 ± 0.3 1
O−Tb 694 1 Pd−Pt 191.0 1 S−Tb 515 ± 42 1 Sn−Te 338.1 ± 6.3 1
O−Tc 548 1 Pd−Si 261 ± 12 1 S−Te 335 ± 42 1 Sr−Sr 16.64 ± 1.12 1
O−Te 377 ± 21 1 Pd−Y 241 ± 15 1 S–Th 608 ± 77 22 T−T 446.67 1
O−Th 871 ± 25 18 Po−Po 187 1 S−Ti 418 ± 3 1 Ta−Ta 390 ± 96 1
O−Ti 666.5 ± 5.6 1 Pr−Pr 129.1 1 S−Tm 368 ± 21 1 Tb−Tb 138.8 1
O−Tl 213 ± 84 1 Pr−S 492.5 ± 4.6 1 S−U 510.4 ± 63 22 Tb−Te 339 ± 42 1
O−Tm 514 1 Pr−Se 446.4 ± 23.0 1 S−V 449.4 ± 14.6 1 Tc−Tc 330 1
O−U 758 ± 13 18 Pr−Te 326 ± 20 1 S−Y 528.4 ± 10.5 1 Te−Te 257.6 ± 4.1 1
O−V 629.7 ± 13.0 24 Pt−Pt 306.7 ± 1.9 1 S−Yb 167 1 Te−Ti 289 ± 17 1
O−W 720 ± 71 1 Pt−Si 501 ± 18 1 S−Zn 224.8 ± 12.6 1 Te−Tm 182 ± 40 1
O−Xe 36.4 1 Pt−Th 551 ± 42 1 S−Zr 572.0 ± 11.6 1 Te−Y 339 ± 13 1
O−Y 714.1 ± 10.2 1 Pt−Ti 397.5 ± 10.6 1 Sb−Sb 301.7 ± 6.3 1 Te−Zn 117.6 ± 18.0 1
O−Yb 387.7 ± 10 1 Pt−Y 474 ± 12 1 Sb−Te 277.4 ± 3.8 1 Th−Th ≤289 ± 33 1
O−Zn ≤250 1 Pu–S 446 ± 30 22 Sb−Tl 126.7 ± 10.5 1 Ti−Ti 117.6 1
O−Zr 766.1 ± 10.6 1 Rb−Rb 48.898 ± 0.005 1 Sc−Sc 163 ± 21 1 Ti−V 203.2 ± 0.1 1
Os−Os 415 ± 77 1 Re−Re 432 ± 30 1 Sc−Se 385 ± 17 1 Ti−Zr 214.3 ± 0.1 1
P−P 489.1 1 Rh−Rh 235.85 ± 0.05 1 Sc−Si 227.2 ± 14 1 Tl−Tl 59.4 1
P−Pt ≤416.7 ± 16.7 1 Rh−Sc 444 ± 11 1 Sc−Te 289 ± 17 1 Tl−Xe 4.18 1
P−Rh 353.1 ± 16.7 1 Rh−Si 395.0 ± 18.0 1 Se−Se 330.5 1 Tm−Tm 54 ± 17 1
P−S 442 ± 10 1 Rh−Th 513 ± 21 1 Se−Si 538 ± 13 1 U−U 222 ± 21 1
P−Sb 356.9 ± 4.2 1 Rh−Ti 390.8 ± 14.6 1 Se−Sm 331.0 ± 14.6 1 V−V 269.3 ± 0.1 1
P−Se 363.7 ± 10.0 1 Rh−U 519 ± 17 1 Se−Sn 401.2 ± 5.9 1 V−Zr 260.6 ± 0.3 1
P−Si 363.6 1 Rh−V 364 ± 29 1 Se−Sr 251.0 ± 12.6 1 W−W 666 1
P−Te 297.9 ± 10.0 1 Rh−Y 446 ± 11 1 Se−Tb 423 ± 20 1 Xe−Xe 6.023 1
P−Th 372 ± 29 1 Ru−Ru 193.0 ± 19.3 1 Se−Te 293.3 1 Y−Y ~270 ± 39 1
P−Tl 209 ± 13 1 Ru−Si 397.1 ± 21 1 Se−Ti 381 ± 42 1 Yb−Yb 16.3 1
P−U 293 ± 21 1 Ru−Th 592 ± 42 1 Se−Tm 274 ± 40 1 Zn−Zn 22.2 ± 6.3 1
P−W 305 ± 4 1 Ru−V 414 ± 29 1 Se−V 347 ± 21 1 Zr−Zr 298.2 ± 0.1 1
Pa–S 545 ± 91 22 S−S 430.03 ± 0.03 17 Se−Y 435 ± 13 1
Pb−Pb 86.6 ± 0.8 1 S−Sb 378.7 1 Se−Zn 170.7 ± 25.9 1
Pb−S 398 1 S−Sc 478.2 ± 12.6 1 Si−Si 310 1
References
1. Luo, Y. R., Comprehensive Handbook of Chemical Bond Energies, 15. Gibson, J. K., Haire, R. G., Santos, M., Pires de Matos, A., and Mar-
CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007. çalo, J., J. Phys. Chem. A 112, 11373, 2008.
2. Hildenbrand, D. L., and Lau, K.H., J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 11886, 2006. 16. Ciccioli, A., Gigli, G., and Meloni, G., Chem. Eur. J. 15, 9543, 2009.
3. Chattopadhyaya, S., Pramanik, A., Banerjee, A., and Das, K. K., J. 17. Frederix, P. W. J. M., Yang, C.-H., Groenenboom, G. C., Parker, D.
Phys. Chem. A 110, 12303, 2006. H., Alnama, K., Western, C. M., and Orr-Ewing, A. J., J. Phys. Chem.
4. Brutti, S., Balducci, G., and Gigli, G., Rapid Commun. Mass Spec- A 113, 14995, 2009.
trom. 21, 89, 2007. 18. Marçalo, J., and Gibson, J. K., J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 12599, 2009.
5. Staanum, P., Pashov, A., Knöckel, H., and Tiemann, E., Phys. Rev. A 19. Hopkins, W.S., Woodham, A. P., Plowright, R. J., Wright, T. G., and
75, 042513, 2007. Mackenzie, S. R., J. Chem. Phys., 132, 21403, 2010.
6. Ciccioli, A., Gigli, G., Meloni, G., and Testani, E., J. Chem. Phys. 127, 20. Tzeli, D., and Mavridis, A., J. Chem. Phys., 132, 194312, 2010.
054303/1, 2007. 21. Huang, H.-Y., Lu, T.-L., Whang, T.-J., Chang, Y.-Y., and Tsai, C.-C., J.
7. Nagarajan, R., and Morse, M. D., J. Chem. Phys. 127, 074304/1, 2007. Chem. Phys. 133, 044301, 2010.
8. Li, J., Hao, Y., Yang, J., Zhou, C., and Mo, Y., J. Chem. Phys. 127, 22. Pereira, C. C. L., Marsden, C. J., Marçalo, J., and Gibson, J. K., Phys.
104307/1, 2007. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 12940, 2011.
9. Armentrout, P. B., Organometallics 26, 5473, 2007. 23. Mucklejohn, S. A., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 44, 224010, 2011.
10. Shayesteh, A., Henderson, R. D. E., Le Roy, R. J., and Bernath, P. F., J. 24. Guina, A. O., Lopatin, S. I., and Shugurov, S. M., Inorg. Chem., 51,
Phys. Chem. A 111, 12495, 2007. 4918–4924, 2012.
11. Hildenbrand, D. H., J. Phys. Chem. A 112, 3813, 2008. 25. Ciccioli, A., Gigli, G., and Lauricella, M., J. Chem. Phys., 136, 184306,
12. Dooley, K. S., Geidosch, J. N., and North, S. W., Chem. Phys. Lett. 2012.
457, 303, 2008. 26. Ruscic, B., Active Thermochemical Table, http://atct.anl.gov/index.
Molecular
13. Citir, M., Metz, R. B., Belau, L., and Ahmed, M., J. Phys. Chem. A html, Dec. 16, 2010.
112, 9584, 2008. 27. Ciccioli, A., and Gigli, G., J. Phys. Chem. A 117, 4956, 2013.
14. Hildenbrand, D. L., Lau, K. H., Perez-Mariano, J., and Sanjurjo, A., J. 28. Stangassinger. A., Knight, A. M., and Duncan, M. A., J. Phys. Chem.
Phys. Chem. A 112, 9978, 2008. A 103, 1547, 1999.

29. Armentrout, P. B., and Li, F.-X., J. Phys. Chem. A 117, 7754, 2013. 33. Ruscic, B., Feller, D., and Peterson, K. A., Theor. Chem. Acc.. 133,
30. Carta, V., Ciccioli, A., and Gigli, G., J. Chem. Phys. 140, 064305, 2014. 1415, 2014.
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32. Parry, I. S., Hermes, A. C., Kartouzian, A., and Mackenzie, S. R., 044305, 2015.
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 458, 2014.
TABLE 2. Enthalpy of Formation of Gaseous Atoms
Atom ΔfHº298/kJ mol–1 Ref. Atom ΔfHº298/kJ mol–1 Ref. Atom ΔfHº298/kJ mol–1 Ref. Atom ΔfHº298/kJ mol–1 Ref.
Ac 406 5 Dy 290.4 ± 2.1 4 N 472.44 ± 0.03 9 Se 227.2 ± 4 1
Ag 284.9 ± 0.8 2 Er 316.4 ± 2.1 4 Na 107.5 ± 0.7 3 Si 450.0 ± 8 2
Al 330.9 ± 4.0 2 Es 133 6 Nb 733.0 ± 8 3 Sm 206.7 ± 2.1 4
Am 284 6 Eu 177.4 ± 2.1 4 Nd 326.9 ± 2.1 4 Sn 301.2 ± 1.5 2
As 302.5 ± 13 1 F 79.335 ± 0.068 8 Ni 430.1 ± 8.4 3 Sr 164.0 ± 1.7 3
Au 368.2 ± 2.1 1 Fe 415.5 ± 1.3 3 Np 464.8 6 Ta 782.0 ± 2.5 1
B 565 ± 5 2 Ga 271.96 ± 2.1 3 O 249.229 ± 0.002 7 Tb 388.7 ± 2.1 4
Ba 179.1 ± 5.0 3 Gd 397.5 ± 2.1 4 Os 787 ± 6.3 1 Tc 678 5
Be 324 ± 5 2 Ge 372 ± 3 2 P 316.5 ± 1.0 2 Te 196.6 ± 2.1 1
Bi 209.6 ± 2.1 1 H 217.998 ± 0.006 2 Pa 563 5 Th 602 ± 6 2
Bk 310 6 Hf 618.4 ± 6.3 3 Pb 195.2 ± 0.8 2 Ti 473 ± 3 2
Br 111.85 ± 0.06 9 Hg 61.38 ± 0.04 2 Pd 376.6 ± 2.1 1 Tl 182.2 ± 0.4 1
C 716.87 ± 0.06 9 Ho 300.6 ± 2.1 4 Pr 356.9 ± 2.1 4 Tm 232.2 ± 2.1 4
Ca 177.8 ± 0.8 2 I 106.757 ± 0.002 9 Pt 565.7 ± 1.3 1 U 533 ± 8 2
Cd 111.80 ± 0.20 2 In 243 ± 4 1 Pu 345 6 V 515.5 ± 8 3
Ce 420.1 ± 2.1 4 Ir 669 ± 4 1 Ra 159 5 W 851.0 ± 6.3 3
Cf 196 6 K 89.0 ± 0.8 2 Rb 80.9 ± 0.8 2 Y 424.7 ± 2.1 4
Cl 121.302 ± 0.002 9 La 431.0 ± 2.1 4 Re 774 ± 6.3 1 Yb 155.6 ± 2.1 4
Cm 386 6 Li 159.3 ± 1.0 2 Rh 556 ± 4 1 Zn 130.40 ± 0.40 2
Co 426.7 3 Lu 427.6 ± 2.1 4 Ru 650.6 ± 6.3 1 Zr 610.0 ± 8.4 3
Cr 397.48 ± 4.2 3 Mg 147.1 ± 0.8 2 S 277.17 ± 0.15 2
Cs 76.5 ± 1.0 2 Mn 283.3 ± 4.2 3 Sb 264.4 ± 2.5 1
Cu 337.4 ± 1.2 2 Mo 658.98 ± 3.8 3 Sc 377.8 ± 4 1
References
1. Brewer, L., and Rosenblatt, G. M., Adv. High Temp. Chem. 2, 1, 1969. 5. Lias, S.G., Bartmess, J. E., Liebman, J. F., Holmes, J. L., Levin, R. D.,
2. Cox, J. D., Wagman, D. D., and Medvedev, V. A., Eds., CODATA Key and Mallard, W. G., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 17, Suppl. 1, 1988.
Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 6. Kleinschmidt, P.D., Ward, J. W., Matlack, G. M., and Haire, R. G.,
New York, 1989; updated e-version: http://www.codata.org/codata. High Temp. Sci. 19, 267, 1985.
3. NIST Chemistry WebBook, http://webbook.nist.gov, NIST-JANAF 7. Ruscic, B., Pinzon, R.E., Morton, M. E., Srinivasan, N. K., Su, M.-C.,
Thermochemical Table, 4th Edn., Chase, Jr., M. W., Ed., ACS, AIP, Sutherland, J. W., and Michael, J. V., J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 6592, 2006.
New York, 1998. 8. Luo, Y. R., University Chem., 27, 80, 2012.
4. Chandrasekharaiah, M.S., and Gingerich, K.A., Thermodynamic 9. Ruscic, B., Active Thermochemical Table, http://atct.anl.gov/index.
properties of gaseous species, in Handbook on the Chemistry and html, Dec. 16, 2010.
Physics of Rare Earths, Gschneidner, Jr., K.A., and Ering, L., Eds.,
Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989, Vol. 12, Chap. 86, pp. 409–431.
TABLE 3. Bond Dissociation Energies in Polyatomic Molecules

The Dº298 values in polyatomic molecules are notoriously dif- Dº298(R-X) = Δf Hº(R) + Δf Hº(X) – Δf Hº(RX)
ficult to measure accurately since the mechanism of the kinetic
systems involved in many of the measurements are seldom Here, the enthalpies of formation of the atoms and radicals are
straightforward. Thus, much lively controversy has taken place in taken from Tables 2 and 4, respectively, and the enthalpies of for-
the literature and is likely to continue for some time to come. We mation of the molecules are from reference sources listed in the
will continue updating and presenting our assessment of the most above Comprehensive Handbook of Chemical Bond Energies.
reliable BDE data every year. Table 3 presents H-C, C-C, C-halogen, O-, N-, S-, Si-, Ge-, Sn-,
The references relating to each of the Dº298 values listed in Table Pb-, P-, As-, Sb-, Bi-, Se-, Te-, and metal-X BDEs. The boldface
3 are contained in the Comprehensive Handbook of Chemical in the species indicates the dissociated fragment. The metal-X
Bond Energies, by Yu-Ran Luo, CRC Press, 2007. Many Dº298 in BDEs are arranged on the basis of the Periodic Table with the new
Table 3 are derived from the equation IUPAC notation for Groups 1 to 18, see inside front cover of this
Molecular
Handbook.

Bond Dº298/kJ mol–1 Ref. Bond Dº298/kJ mol–1 Ref. Bond Dº298/kJ mol–1 Ref.
H–CCl3 392.5 ± 2.5 1 CH3OCF3 426.8 ± 4.2 1
(1) C–H BDEs
H–CHCl2 400.6 ± 2.0 1 CH3OCH2CH3 389.1 1
CH3–H 439.3 ± 0.4 1 H–CH2Cl 419.0 ± 2.3 1 (CH3)3COC(CH3)3 402.1 1
CH3CH2–H 420.5 ± 1.3 1 H–CFClBr 413 ± 21 1 CH3CH2OCH2CH3 389.1 1
CH3CH2CH2–H 422.2 ± 2.1 1 H–CHClBr 406.0 ± 2.4 1 CH3CH2Ot-C(CH3)3 405.4 1
CH3CH2CH3 410.5 ± 2.9 1 H–CCl2Br 387 ± 21 1 CH3OPh 385.0 1
CH3CH2CH2CH2–H 421.3 1 H–CClBr2 371 ± 21 1 H-2-oxiran-2-yl 420.5 ± 6.5 1
CH3CH2CH2CH3 411.1 ± 2.2 1 H–CBr3 399.2 ± 8.4 1 H-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 385.3 ± 6.7 1
(CH3)2CHCH2–H 419.2 ± 4.2 1 H–CHBr2 412.6 ± 2.7 3 HC(O)–H 368.40 ± 0.67 1
(CH3)3C–H 400.4 ± 2.9 1 H–CH2Br 427.2 ± 2.4 1 FC(O)–H 423.0 1
(CH3)3CCH2–H 419.7 ± 4.2 1 H–CI3 423 ± 29 1 CH3C(O)–H 374.0 ± 1.3 1
(CH3CH2)CH(CH3)2 400.8 1 H–CHI2 431.0 ± 8.4 1 CF3C(O)–H 390.4 1
CH3CH2(CH2)2CH3 415.1 1 H–CH2I 431.6 ± 2.8 1 C2H5C(O)–H 374.5 1
(C3H7)CH(CH3)2 396.2 ± 8.4 1 CF3CF2–H 429.7 ± 2.1 1 CH2=CHC(O)–H 372.8 1
CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2 399.2 ± 13.0 1 CHF2CF2–H 431.0 ± 18.8 1 C3H7C(O)–H 371.2 1
CH3CH2(CH2)3CH3 410 1 CH2FCF2–H 433.0 ± 14.6 1 iso-C3H7C(O)–H 364.5 1
CH3CH2(CH2)4CH3 410 1 CHF2CFH–H 426.8 ± 14.6 1 C4H9C(O)–H 372.0 1
HCC–H 557.81 ± 0.30 1 CF3CH2–H 446.4 ± 4.5 1 (CH3)2CHCH2C(O)–H 362.5 1
HCCCC–H 539 ± 12 1 CH3CF2–H 416.3 ± 4.2 1 C2H5CH(CH3)C(O)–H 360.8 1
CHCCH2–H 384.1 ± 4.2 1 CH2FCHF–H 413.4 ± 12.6 1 tert-BuC(O)–H 375.1 1
CH3CCCH2–H 379.5 1 CHF2CH2–H 433.0 ± 14.6 1 Et2CHC(O)–H 367.2 1
HCCCH2CH3 373.0 1 CH2FCH2–H 433.5 ± 8.4 1 CH3(CH2)8C(O)–H 373.3 1
CH2=CHCCCH2–H 363.3 1 CH3CHF–H 410.9 ± 8.4 1 C6H5C(O)–H 371.1 ± 10.9 1
CH3CCCH2CH3 365.3 ± 9.6 1 CF3CHCl–H 425.9 ± 6.3 1 PhCH2C(O)–H 362.0 1
HCCCH2CH2CH3 349.8 ± 8.4 1 CF3CClBr–H 404.2 ± 6.3 1 PhC(CH3)2C(O)–H 362.9 1
HCCCH(CH3)2 345.2 ± 8.4 1 CClF2CHF–H 412.1 ± 2.1 1 H–CH=C=O 448.1 1
CH3CCCH(CH3)2 344.3 ± 11.3 1 CCl3CCl2–H 397.5 ± 8.4 1 CH3C(O)H 394.5 ± 9.2 1
HCCCCCC–H ~543 ± 13 1 CHCl2CCl2–H 393.3 ± 8.4 1 CH3C(O)Cl ≤423.4 1
H2C=CH–H 464.2 ± 2.5 1 CH3CCl2–H 397.9 ± 5.0 1 CH3CH2C(O)H 383.7 1
CH2=C=CH–H 371.1 ± 12.6 1 CH3CHCl–H 406.6 ± 1.5 1 CH3COCH3 401.2 ± 2.9 1
CH3CH=CH–H 464.8 1 CH2ClCH2–H 423.1 ± 2.4 1 CF3C(O)CH3 465.6 1
CH2=CHCH2–H 369 ± 3 1 CH3CBr2–H 397.1 ± 5.0 1 CH3COCH2CH3 403.8 1
CH2=CH-CH2CH2–H 410.5 1 CH2BrCH2–H 415.1 ± 8.4 1 MeCOCH2Me 386.2 ± 7.1 1
CH2=CHCH2CH3 350.6 1 CH3CHBr–H 415.0 ± 2.7 3 EtCOCH2Me 396.5 ± 2.8 1
CH2=C(CH3)CH2-H 372.8 1 CF2=CF–H 464.4 ± 8.4 1 CH3CH2COC6H5 402.8 ± 3.6 1
CH2=CHCH=CHCH2-H 347.3 ± 12.6 1 CF3CF2CF2–H 432.2 1 MeCH2COPh 388.7 1
(CH2=CH)2CH–H 320.5 ± 4.2 1 CH3CH2CHCl–H 407.0 ± 3.5 1 H–C(O)OH 404.2 1
CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3 348.8 1 CH2=CH-CHF–H 370.7 ± 4.6 1 CH3C(O)OH 398.7 ± 12.1 1
CH2=CHCH(CH3)2 332.6 ± 7.1 1 CH2=CHCHCl–H 370.7 ± 4.6 1 ClCH2C(O)OH 398.9 1
CH2=C(CH3CH2)CH2–H 356.1 ± 8.4 1 CH2=CHCHBr–H 374.0 ± 4.6 1 H–C(O)OCH3 399.2 ± 8.4 1
(CH2=CH)2C(CH3)–H 322.2 1 H–C6F5 487.4 1 CH3C(O)OCH3 406.3 ± 10.5 1
H-cyclo-C3H5 444.8 ± 1.0 1 H–CH2OH 401.92 ± 0.63 1 CH3C(O)OCH3 404.6 1
H-CH2-cyclo-C3H5 407.5 ± 6.7 1 CH2CHOH 467 ± 11 1 CH3C(O)OCH2CH3 401.7 1
H-cyclo-C4H7 409.2 ± 1.3 1 CH3CH2OH 401.2 ± 4.2 1 CH3C(O)OPh 419.2 ± 5.4 1
H-cyclo-C5H9 400.0 ± 4.2 1 CH3CH2OH 421.7 ± 8 1 CH3CH2C(O)OEt 400 1
H-cyclo-C6H11 416.3 1 CH3CH2CH2OH 392 1 PhCH2C(O)OEt 370.7 1
H–C6H5 465.9 ± 0.6 12 CH3CH2CH2OH 394.6 ± 8.4 1 Me2CHC(O)OEt 387.4 1
H–CH2C6H5 375.5 ± 5.0 1 CH3CH2CH2OH 406.3 ± 8.4 1 PhCHMe(C(O)OEt) 358.2 1
H–CH(CH3)C6H5 357.3 ± 6.3 1 (CH3)2CHOH 383.7 ± 8.4 1 H-furaylmethyl 361.9 ± 8.4 1
H–CH(C6H5)2 353.5 ± 2.1 1 (CH3)2CHOH 394.6 ± 8.4 1 CH3NH2 392.9 ± 8.4 1
H-CH(C6H4-p-OH)2 375.8 ± 4.7 1 CH2=CHCH2OH 341.4 ± 7.5 1 CH3N=CH2 407.9 ± 14.6 1
H–C(CH3)2C6H5 348.1 ± 4.2 1 (CH3)3COH 418.4 ± 8.4 1 CH3CH2NH2 377.0 ± 8.4 1
H–C(C6H5)3 338.9 ± 8.4 1 (CH2=CH)2CHOH 288.7 1 C2H5CH2NH2 380.7 ± 8.4 1
1-H-C10H7 469.4 ± 5.4 1 Ph2CHOH 326 1 C3H7CH2NH2 393.3 ± 8.4 1
2-H-C10H7 468.2 ± 5.9 1 CH3CH(OH)2 ~385 1 C4H9CH2NH2 387.7 ± 8.4 1
H–CF3 445.2 ± 2.9 1 (CH2OH)2 385.3 1 HOCH2CH2NH2 379.5 ± 8.4 1
H–CHF2 431.8 ± 4.2 1 HOCH2(CH2)2(OH) 399.2 1 (CH3CH2)2NH 370.7 ± 8.4 1
H–CH2F 423.8 ± 4.2 1
Molecular
CH–H (C3H7CH2)2NH 379.9 ± 8.4 1

H–CClF2 421.3 ± 8.4 1 CH3OCH3 402.1 1 (C4H9CH2)2NH 384.5 ± 8.4 1
H–CCl2F 410.9 ± 8.4 1 CHF2OCF3 443.5 ± 4.2 1 (C2H5)2NCH2CH3 379.5 ± 1.7 1
H–CBrF2 415.5 ± 12.6 1 CHF2OCHF2 435.1 ± 4.2 1 (C2H5CH2)3N 376.6 ± 8.4 1
H–CHClF 421.7 ± 10.0 1

((CH3)2CCH2)3N 388.3 ± 8.4 1 CH3-C2H5 370.3 ± 2.1 1 CF3-CHBrCl 377.0 ± 10.5 1
(Bu)2NCH2(nPr) 381 ± 10.0 1 CH3-C3H7 372.0 ± 2.9 1 CF3-CH2Br 399.6 ± 8.4 1
((CH3)2CH)3N 387.0 ± 8.4 1 CH3-iso-C3H7 369.0 ± 3.8 1 CF3-CH2I 408.4 ± 10.5 1
(CH3)2CHNH2 372.0 ± 8.4 1 CH3-C4H9 371.5 ± 2.9 1 CF3-CH3 429.3 ± 5.0 1
CH3NHCH3 364.0 ± 8.4 1 CH3-iso-C4H9 370.3 ± 4.6 1 CHF2-CHF2 382.4 ± 15.5 1
(CH3)3N 380.7 ± 8.4 1 CH3-sec-C4H9 368.2 ± 2.9 1 CClF2-CClF2 378.7 ± 12.6 1
tert-BuN(CH3)2 376.6 ± 8.4 1 CH3-tert-C4H9 363.6 ± 2.9 1 CF2Cl-CFCl2 358.6 ± 12.6 1
((HOCH2CH2)2(CH3))N 364.4 ± 8.4 1 CH3-C5H11 368.4 ± 6.3 1 CHF2-CH2F 394.1 ± 16.7 1
(HOCH2CH2)3N 379.9 ± 8.4 1 CH3-CH(C2H5)2 365.7 ± 4.2 1 CH2F-CH2F 368.2 ± 8.4 1
((HOCH2)CH(CH3))3N 379.9 ± 8.4 1 CH3-C(CH3)2(CH2CH3) 360.9 ± 6.3 1 CHF2-CH3 405.0 ± 8.4 1
PhCH2NH2 368.2 1 CH3-C6H13 368.2 ± 6.3 1 CH2F-CH3 388.3 ± 8.4 1
PhN(CH2CH3)2 383.3 ± 4.2 1 C2H5-C2H5 363.2 ± 2.5 1 CHClF–CH3 399.6 ± 12.6 1
Ph2NCH3 379.5 ± 1.7 1 C3H7-C3H7 366.1 ± 3.3 1 CF2Br-CHClF 369.4 1
PhN(CH2Ph)2 357.3 ± 8.8 1 iso-C3H7-iso-C3H7 353.5 ± 4.6 1 CF2Br-CH3 396.6 ± 15.1 1
N(CH2Ph)3 372.8 ± 2.5 1 C4H9-C4H9 364.0 ± 3.8 1 CCl3-CCl3 285.8 ± 6.3 1
PhN(CH2CH=CH2)2 339.3 ± 2.9 1 iso-C4H9-iso-C4H9 362.3 ± 6.3 1 CCl3-CClF2 282.0 ± 12.6 1
N(CH2CH=CH2)3 345.6 ± 3.3 1 sec-C4H9-sec-C4H9 348.5 ± 3.3 1 CCl3-CHCl2 303.3 ± 6.3 1
H2NNH(CH3) 410 1 tert-C4H9-tert-C4H9 322.6 ± 4.2 1 CCl3-CH2Cl 323.8 ± 8.4 1
HNN(CH3)2 410 1 CH3-cyclo-C5H9 358.2 ± 5.0 1 CCl3-CH3 362.3 ± 6.3 1
(CH3)2NC6H5 383.7 ± 5.4 1 CH3-cyclo-C6H11 377.0 ± 7.5 1 CHCl2-CHCl2 326.9 ± 4.1 1
H–CN 528.5 ± 0.8 1 cyclo-C6H11-cyclo-C6H11 369.0 ± 8.4 1 CHCl2-CH2Cl 352.2 ± 5.9 1
CH3CN 405.8 ± 4.2 1 CH3-CH2C≡CH 320.5 ± 5.0 1 CHCl2-CH3 361.3 ± 2.5 1
CH3CH2CN 393.3 ± 12.6 1 CH3-CH2C≡CCH3 308.4 ± 6.3 1 CHBrCl–CH3 384.5 1
PhCH2CN 338.5±9.6 18 CH3-CH(CH3)C≡CH 305.4 ± 8.4 1 CHClBr–CHClBr 317.1 ± 12.6 1
C6F5CH2CN 350.6 1 CH3-CH(CH3)C≡CCH3 320.9 ± 6.3 1 CH2Cl-CH2Cl 360.7 ± 8.4 1
FCH2CN 379.5 ± 11.7 19 CH3-C(CH3)2C≡CH 295.8 ± 6.3 1 CH2Cl-CH3 375.7 ± 9.2 1
CH2(CN)2 366.5 1 CH3-C(CH3)2C≡CCH3 303.3 ± 6.3 1 Br3C-CH3 356.9 ± 12.6 1
CH2(CN)(NH2) 355.2 1 CH3-CHCH2 426.3 ± 6.3 1 Br3C-CBr3 278.7 ± 16.7 1
(CH3)2CHCN 384.5 1 CH3-CH=CCH2 359.8 ± 5.9 1 CHBr2-CH3 372.8 1
CH3NC 389.1 ± 12.6 1 CH3-cyclopro-en-1-yl 340.6 ± 20.9 1 CH2Br-CH2Cl 378.2 1
H–HCNN 405.8 ± 8.4 1 CH3-CH2CH=CH2 317.6 ± 3.8 1 CH2Br-CH2Br 379.9 ± 8.4 1
H–CNN 331 ± 17 1 CH3-CH2C(CH3)=CH2 310.0 ± 4.2 1 CH2I-CH2I 387.0 ± 10.5 1
CH3NO2 415.4 1 CH3-CH(CH3)CH=CH2 302.5 ± 6.3 1 CH3-CH2Br 381.6 ± 8.4 1
CH3CH2NO2 410.5 1 CH3-C(CH3)2CH=CH2 282.4 ± 6.3 1 CH3-CH2I 384.5 ± 8.4 1
C2H5CH2NO2 410.5 1 CH3-cyclo-C5H7 299.2 ± 8.4 1 CF3-CF2CF3 424.3 ± 13.6 1
Me2CHNO2 394.9 1 CH3-C6H5 433.9 ± 4.2 20 CF3-CF=CF2 420.5 1
C6H5C(NO2)CHCH3 357.3 1 HCC–C6H5 597.9 ± 5.9 20 CH3-CH2CH2Cl 371.4 ± 2.8 1
H–C(S)H 399.6 ± 5.0 1 C2H3-C6H5 489.1 ± 5.4 20 CH3-CHClCH3 367.5 ± 2.0 1
CH3SH 392.9 ± 8.4 1 CH3-CH2C6H5 325.1 ± 4.2 1 CH2Cl-CHClCH3 356.5 ± 8.4 1
CH3SCH3 392.0 ± 5.9 1 CH3-CH(CH3)C6H5 318.8 ± 8.4 1 CH2Cl-CH2CClH2 369.0 ± 8.4 1
PhSCH3 389.1 1 CH3-C(CH3)2C6H5 303.3 ± 8.4 1 CH3-CCl2CH3 362.8 ± 8.4 1
PhCH2SPh 352.3 1 CH3–CH2CHCHPh 295.4 1 CH2Br-CHBrCH3 369.4 ± 8.4 1
(PhS)2CHPh 341.0 1 CH3–CH(C6H5)2 315.9 ± 6.3 1 CH2ClCH2-CHClCH3 364.4 ± 8.4 1
PhSCHPh2 344.8 1 CH3–C(CH3)(C6H5)2 290.8 ± 8.4 1 CH2ClCH2-CH2CClH2 369.0 ± 8.4 1
CH3SOCH3 393.3 1 C6H5-C6H5 492.9 ± 6.3 20 CH3CHBr-CHBrCH3 355.6 ± 8.4 1
CH3SO2CH3 414.2 1 C6H5-CH2C6H5 390.8 ± 8.4 20 CF3-C6H5 470.3 ± 12.6 20
CH3SO2CF3 431.0 1 C6H5CH2-CH2C6H5 272.8 ± 9.2 1 CCl3-C6H5 395.8 ± 8.4 20
CH3SO2Ph 414.2 1 C6H5-CH(C6H5)2 368.2 ± 8.4 20 CH3-C6F5 439.3 1
PhCH2SO2Me 380.7 1 C6H5-C(C6H5)3 331.4 ± 12.6 20 CF3-C6F5 435.1 1
PhCH2SO2CF3 372.4 1 Ph2CH-CHPh2 247.3 ± 8.4 1 CF3-CH2C6H5 365.7 ± 12.6 1
PhCH2SO2tBu 376.6 1 PhCH2-CPh3 234.7 ± 14.6 1 C6F5-C6F5 488.3 1
Ph2CHSO2Ph 365.3 1 R-R, π-dimer, R = 42 1 CF3-CHPh2 352.3 ± 16.7 1
CH2(SPh)2 372.4 1 phenalenyl CF3-CPh3 290.8 ± 16.7 1
H–CH2SiMe3 418 ± 6.3 1 R-R, σ-dimer, R = 42.7 1 CF2CF-CFCF2 558.1 ± 12.6 1
H–CH2C(CH3)2SiMe3 409 ± 5 1 phenalenyl CH2FCH2-CPh3 274.9 ± 16.7 1
H–CH2SiMe2Ph 410.1 1 R-R, R = 63.6 1 CHF2CH2-CPh3 264.0 ± 16.7 1
H–CH((CH3)3Si)2 397 ± 13 1 9-phenylfluorenyl CH3-CH2OH 364.8 ± 4.2 1
CF3-CF3 413.0 ± 5.0 1
Molecular
H–CH2B(RO)2 412.5 1 CF3-CH2OH 405.4 ± 6.3 1

H–CH((CH3)2P)2 385 ± 13 1 CF3-CHF2 399.6 ± 8.4 1 C2H5-CH2OH 356.9 ± 5.0 1
CF3-CClF2 373.6 ± 12.5 1 C3H7-CH2OH 357.3 ± 3.3 1
(2) C–C BDEs CF3-CH2F 397.5 ± 8.4 1 iso-C3H7-CH2OH 354.8 ± 4.2 1
CH3-CH3 377.4 ± 0.8 1 CF3-CCl3 332.2 ± 5.4 1

C4H9-CH2OH 355.6 ± 4.2 1 F–CF3 546.8 ± 2.1 1 Cl–CH2CH2CH2Cl 348.9 1
sec-C4H9-CH2OH 352.7 ± 4.2 1 F–CHF2 533.9 ± 5.9 1 Cl–iso-C3H7 354.8 ± 3.3 10
iso-C4H9-CH2OH 354.0 ± 5.4 1 F–CH2F 496.2 ± 8.8 1 Cl–CH2CHCH=CH2 342.7 1
C6H5-CH2OH 409.0 ± 5.4 20 F–CF2Cl 507.4 ± 9.0 17 Cl–C4H9 350.6 ± 6.3 1
HOH2C-CH2OH 358.2 ± 6.3 1 F–CFCl2 482.3 ± 9.0 17 Cl–sec-C4H9 350.2 ± 6.3 1
NH2CH2-CH2OH 335.6 ± 10.5 1 F–CHFCl 462.3 ± 10.0 1 Cl–tert-C4H9 351.9 ± 6.3 1
CH3-CH2OCH3 363.2 ± 5.0 1 F–CCl3 439.2 ± 4.2 17 CH2CHCHCl(CH3) 300.0 ± 6.3 1
CH3OCH2-CH2OCH3 338.9 ± 10.5 1 F–CFClBr 501.6 ± 6.8 17 Cl–C5H11 350.6 ± 6.3 1
CH3-C(O)H 354.8 ± 1.7 1 F–CH2Cl 465.3 ± 9.6 1 Cl–C(CH3)2(C2H5) 352.7 ± 6.3 1
CCl3-C(O)H 309.2 ± 5.0 1 F–CH3 460.2 ± 8.4 1 Cl–cyclo-C6H11 360.2 ± 6.5 1
CH3-C(O)F 417.6 ± 6.3 1 F–C≡CH 521.3 1 Cl–C6H5 406.4 ± 0.8 12
CH3-C(O)Cl 367.8 ± 6.3 1 F–C≡CF 519 ± 21 1 Cl–C6F5 383.3 ± 8.4 1
CCl3-C(O)Cl 289.1 ± 6.3 1 F–CF=CF2 546.4 ± 12.6 1 Cl–CH2C6H5 299.9 ± 4.3 1
CHCl2-C(O)Cl 312.5 ± 8.4 1 F–CF2CF3 532.2 ± 6.3 1 Cl–C(O)Cl 318.8 ± 8.4 1
CClH2-C(O)Cl 340.2 ± 8.4 1 F–CH2CF3 457.7 1 Cl–COF 376.6 1
C6H5-C(O)H 415.5 ± 4.2 20 F–CF2CH3 522.2 ± 8.4 1 Cl–C(O)CH3 354.0 ± 8.4 1
C6H5-C(O)Cl 424.5 ± 6.3 20 F–C2H3 517.6 ± 12.6 1 Cl–C(O)CH2CH3 353.3 ± 6.3 1
CH3-C(O)CH3 351.9 ± 2.1 1 F–C2H5 467.4 ± 8.4 1 Cl–C(O)C6H5 341.0 ± 8.4 1
C2H5-C(O)CH3 347.3 ± 2.9 1 F–C3H7 474.9 ± 8.4 1 Cl–CH2C(O)C6H5 309 1
C3H7-C(O)CH3 348.5 ± 2.9 1 F–iso-C3H7 483.8 ± 8.4 1 Cl–CH2C(O)OH 310.9 ± 2.2 1
iso-C3H7-C(O)CH3 340.2 ± 3.8 1 F–tert-C4H9 495.8 ± 8.4 1 Cl–C(O)OC6H5 364 1
C4H7-C(O)CH3 346.9 ± 5.4 1 F–C6H5 532.0 ± 1.2 12 Cl–C(NO2)3 302.1 1
tert-C4H9-C(O)CH3 329.3 ± 4.2 1 F–C6F5 485 ± 25 1 Br–CN 364.8 ± 4.2 1
C6H5-C(O)CH3 413.8 ± 4.6 20 F–CH2C6H5 412.8 ± 4.2 1 Br–CF3 296.2 ± 1.3 1
C6H5CH2-C(O)CH3 299.7 ± 8.4 1 F–COH 497.9 ± 10.5 1 Br–CHF2 288.7 ± 8.4 1
HC(O)–C(O)H 295.8 ± 6.3 1 F–COF 510.3 1 Br–CF2Cl 290.5 ± 8.7 17
ClC(O)–C(O)Cl 292.5 ± 8.4 1 F–COCl 484.5 1 Br–CCl3 231.4 ± 4.2 1
CH3 C(O)–C(O)H 302.5 ± 8.4 1 F–C(O)CH3 511.7 ± 12.6 1 Br–CH2Cl 277.3 ± 3.6 1
CH3 C(O)–C(O)CH3 307.1 ± 4.2 1 Cl–CN 422.6 ± 8.4 1 Br–CBr3 242.3 ± 8.4 1
C6H5C(O)–C(O)C6H5 288.3 ± 16.7 1 Cl–CF3 362.7 ± 3.9 17 Br–CHBr2 274.9 ± 13.0 1
CH3 –C(O)OH 384.9 ± 8.4 1 Cl–CHF2 364 ± 8 1 Br–CH2Br 276.1 ± 5.3 1
CF3 –C(O)OH 370.7 ± 8.4 1 Cl–CH2F 354.4 ± 11.7 1 Br–CH2I 274.5 ± 7.5 1
CCl3 –C(O)OH 310.5 ± 12.6 1 Cl–CF2Cl 334.3 ± 9.0 17 Br–CH3 294.1 ± 2.1 1
CClH2 –C(O)OH 357.7 ± 8.4 1 Cl–CF2Br 354.4 ± 12.9 17 Br–C≡CH 410.5 1
CH2Br–C(O)OH 358.2 ± 8.4 1 Cl–CFCl2 320.9 ± 8.4 1 Br–CH=CH2 338.3 ± 3.1 1
NH2CH2 –C(O)OH 349.4 ± 8.4 1 Cl–CHFCl 346.0 ± 13.4 1 Br–CF2CF3 283.3 ± 6.3 1
CH3NHCH2 –C(O)OH 300.4 ± 8.4 1 Cl–CCl3 288.7 ± 4.2 17 Br–CClBrCF3 251.0 ± 6.3 1
C6H5 –C(O)OH 436.8 ± 8.4 20 Cl–CHCl2 311.1 ± 2.0 1 Br–CF2CF2Br 282.8 ± 6.7 1
C6F5 –C(O)OH 470.0 ± 10.5 1 Cl–CH2Cl 338.0 ± 3.3 1 Br–CHClCF3 274.9 ± 6.3 1
HOCH2 –C(O)OH 371.5 ± 5.4 1 Cl–CBrCl2 287 ± 10.5 1 Br–CF2CH3 287.0 ± 5.4 1
HOC(O)–C(O)OH 334.7 ± 6.3 1 Cl–CH2Br 332.8 ± 4.6 1 Br–CH2CH2Cl 292.5 ± 8.4 1
CH3NHCH2 –C(O)OH 301.2 ± 16.7 1 Cl–CH2I 328.2 ± 6.9 1 Br–CHClCH3 272.0 ± 8.4 1
CH3CH(NH2)–C(O)OH 331.4 ± 16.7 1 Cl–CH3 350.2 ± 1.7 1 Br–C2H5 292.9 ± 4.2 1
NH2CH2 –CH2C(O)OH 325.5 ± 16.7 1 Cl–C≡CCl 443 ± 50 1 Br–CH2CH=CH2 233.3 ± 5.3 17
CN–CN 571.9 ± 6.7 1 Cl–C≡CH 435.6 ± 8.4 1 Br–C3H7 298.3 ± 4.2 1
HC(O)–CN 455.2 ± 8.4 1 Cl–CH2CN 267.4 1 Br–iso-C3H7 295.1 ± 3.3 10
HC(S)–CN 530.1 ± 8.4 1 Cl–CCl=CCl2 383.7 1 Br–CH2CH2CH2Br 324.7 1
CF3–CN 469.0 ± 4.2 1 Cl–CH=CH2 394.1 ± 3.1 2 Br–CF2CF2CF3 278.2 ± 10.5 1
CH3–CN 521.7 ± 9.2 1 Cl–CF=CF2 434.7 ± 8.4 1 CF3CFBrCF3 274.2 ± 4.6 1
NCC –CN 462.3 1 Cl–CF2CF3 346.0 ± 7.1 1 Br–C4H9 296.6 ± 4.2 1
C2H5–CN 506.7 ± 7.5 1 Cl–CF2CF2Cl 331.4 ± 20.9 1 Br–sec-C4H9 300.0 ± 4.2 1
CH3 –CH2CN 348.1 ± 12.6 1 Cl–CCl2CF3 307.9 1 Br–tert-C4H9 292.9 ± 6.3 1
C6H5 –CH2CN 400.8 ± 8.4 20 Cl–CCl2CCl3 303.8 1 Br–C6H5 344.2 ± 1.3 12
CH3 –CH(CH3)CN 332.6 ± 8.4 1 Cl–CHClCCl3 330.5 ± 4.2 1 Br–C6F5 ~328 1
CH3 –C(CH3)2CN 340.6 ± 16.7 1 Cl–CCl2CHCl2 311.7 1 Br-CH2C6H5 239.3 ± 6.3 1
CH3 –C(CH3)(CN)C6H5 250.6 1 Cl–CHClCH3 327.9 ± 1.8 1 Br–CH2C6F5 225.1 ± 6.3 1
(Ph)2(CN)C–C(CN)(Ph)2 109.6 1 Cl–CH2CH2Cl 345.1 ± 5.0 1 Br–1–C10H7 339.7 1
Molecular
(NO2)3C–C(NO2)3 308.8 1 Cl–CHBrCH3 331.8 ± 8.4 1 Br–2–C10H7 341.8 1

C58-C2 955.2 ± 14.5 1 Cl–CH2CH3 352.3 ± 3.3 1 Br–anthracenyl 322.6 1
Cl–CH2CH=CH2 298.3 ± 5.0 1 Br–C(O)CH3 292.0 ± 8.4 1
(3) C–halogen BDEs
Cl–C3H7 352.7 ± 4.2 1 Br–C(O)C6H5 276.6 ± 8.4 1
F–CN 482.8 1

Br–CH2C(O)CH3 257.9 ± 10.5 1 C2H5C(O)O–H 472.8 1 HO–OCF3 201.3 ± 20.9 1
Br–CH2C(O)C6H5 271 1 iso-C3H7C(O)O–H 472.8 1 HO–OC2H5 178.7 ± 6.3 1
Br–CH2C(O)OH 257.4 ± 3.7 1 C6H5C(O)O–H 464.4 ± 16.7 1 HO–O-iso-C3H7 185.8 ± 6.3 1
Br–C(NO2)3 218.4 1 OO–H 205.732 ± 16 HO–O-tert-C4H9 186.2 ± 4.2 1
I–CN 320.1 1 0.16 HO–OC(O)CH3 169.9 ± 2.1 1
I–CF3 227.2 ± 1.3 1 HOO–H 365.71 ± 0.17 16 HO–OC(O)C2H5 169.9 ± 2.1 1
I–CCl3 168 ± 42 1 CH3OO–H 370.3 ± 2.1 1 CH3O–OCH3 167.4 ± 6.3 1
I–CH2Cl 221.8 ± 4.2 1 CF3OO–H 383 1 CF3O–OCF3 198.7 ± 2.1 1
I–CH2Br 219.2 ± 5.4 1 CH2FOO–H 379 1 C2H5O–OC2H5 166.1 1
I–CH2I 216.9 ± 7.9 1 CCl3OO–H 386 1 C3H7O–OC3H7 155.2 ± 4.2 1
I–CH3 232.4 ± 0.4 13 CHCl2OO–H 383 1 iso-C3H7O-O-iso-C3H7 157.7 1
I–CH2CN 187.0 ± 6.3 1 CH2ClOO–H 379 1 sec-C4H9O-O-sec-C4H9 152.3 ± 4.2 1
I–CF2CF3 219.2 ± 2.1 1 CBr3OO–H 383 1 tert-BuO-O-tert-Bu 162.8 ± 2.1 1
I–CF2CF2I 217.6 ± 6.7 1 CH2BrOO–H 379 1 tert-BuCH2O-OCH2- 152.3 1
I–CH2CF3 235.6 ± 4.2 1 C2H5OO–H 354.8 ± 9.2 1 tert-Bu
I–CHFCClF2 202 ± 2 1 CH3CHClOO–H 377 1 EtC(Me)2O–OC(Me)2Et 164.4 ± 4.2 1
I–CF2CH3 217.6 ± 4.2 1 CH3CCl2OO–H 383 1 (CF3)3CO–OC(CF3)3 148.5 ± 4.6 1
I-CFICH3 218.0 ± 4.2 1 CF3CHClOO–H 384 1 Ph3CO–OCPh3 131.4 1
CF3CFICF3 215.1 1 C2Cl5OO–H 383 1 SF5O–OSF5 155.6 1
I–CH=CH2 259.0 ± 4.2 1 iso-C3H7OO–H 356 1 SF5O–OOSF5 126.8 1
I–C2H5 233.5 ± 6.3 1 CH2=CHCH2OO–H 372.4 1 (CH3)3CO–OSi(CH3)3 196.6 1
I–CH2CH=CH2 185.8 ± 6.3 1 tert-C4H9OO–H 352.3 ± 8.8 1 tert-BuO-OGeEt3 192.5 1
I–C3H7 236.8 ± 4.2 1 C6H5OO–H 384 1 tert-BuO-OSnEt3 192.5 1
I–iso-C3H7 233.1 ± 3.3 10 C6H5CH2OO–H 363 1 CF3OO–OCF3 126.8 ± 8.4 1
I–C4F9 205.8 1 (C6H5)2CHOO–H 370 1 HC(O)O–OH 199.2 ± 8.4 1
I–tert-C4H9 227.2 ± 6.3 1 trans-HC(O)OO–H 393 ± 13.8 6 FC(O)O–OC(O)F 96.2 1
I–C6H5 272.0 ± 4.2 1 cis-HC(O)OO–H 406.3 ± 13.8 6 CH3C(O)O–ONO2 131.4 ± 8.4 1
I–C6F5 <301.7 1 trans-CH3C(O)OO–H 381 ± 4 8 CH3C(O)O–OC(O)CH3 140.2 ± 21 1
I–CH2C6H5 187.8 ± 4.8 1 cis-CH3C(O)OO–H 403 ± 14 8 CF3C(O)O–OC(O)CF3 125.5 1
I–1-naphthyl 274.5 ± 10.5 1 CCl2(CN)OO–H 384 1 CF3OC(O)O–OC(O)F 121.3 ± 4.2 1
I–2-naphthyl 272.0 ± 10.5 1 OHCH2OO–H 368 1 CF3OC(O)O–OCF3 142.3 ± 2.9 1
I–CH2CN 187.0 ± 8.4 1 H–ONO 330.7 1 CF3OC(O)O–OC(O) 119.2 1
I–CH2OCH3 229.4 ± 8.4 1 H–OONO 299.2 1 OCF3
I–CH2SCH3 216.8 ± 6.3 1 H–ONH2 318 1 C2H5C(O)O–OC(O) 150.6 1
I–C(O)CH3 223.0 ± 8.4 1 H–ONO2 426.8 1 C2H5
I–C(O)C6H5 212.1 ± 8.4 1 H–ONNOH 189 1 C3H7C(O)O–OC(O) 150.6 1
H–OPO2 465.7 ± 12.6 1 C3H7
I–CH2C(O)OH 197.5 ± 2.7 1
H–OSO2OH 441.4 ± 14.6 1 FS(O)2O-OS(O)2F 92−100 1
I–C(NO2)3 144.8 1
H–OSiMe3 495 1 O–CO 532.18 ± 0.03 16
(4) O–X BDEs (CH3)CHNO-H 354.4 1 HO–CF3 ≤482.0 ± 1.3 1
HO–H 497.321 ± 0.02 16 (CH3)2CNO-H 354.0 1 FO–CF3 408 ± 17 1
FO–H 425.1 1 (C6H5)CHNO-H 368.6 1 HO–CH3 384.93 ± 0.71 1
ClO–H 393.7 1 PhO–H 362.8 ± 2.9 1 HO–C2H5 391.2 ± 2.9 1
BrO–H 405 1 α-tocopherol RO-H 323.4 1 HO–CH2CF3 408.4 ± 8.4 1
IO–H 403.3 1 β-tocopherol RO-H 335.6 1 HO–CH2CH=CH2 332.6 ± 4.2 1
CH3O–H 440.2 ± 3 1 γ-tocopherol RO-H 335.1 1 HO–C3H7 392.0 ± 2.9 1
CF3O–H 497.1 1 δ-tocopherol RO-H 342.8 1 HO–iso-C3H7 397.9 ± 4.2 1
HC≡CO–H 443.1 1 p-C6H5CH2-C6H4O-H 356.2 1 HO–C4H9 389.9 ± 4.2 1
C2H5O–H 441.0 ± 5.9 1 HO–O 274.47 ± 1.6 16 HO–sec-C4H9 396.1 ± 4.2 1
CH2=CHO–H 355.6 1 O–O2 107.483 ± 16 HO–iso-C4H9 394.1 ± 4.2 1
CF3CH2O–H 447.7 ± 10.5 1 0.039 HO–tert-C4H9 398.3 ± 4.2 1
C3H7O–H ≤433 ± 2 1 HO–OH 210.45 ± 0.04 16 HO-CH(CH3)(nC3H7) 398.3 ± 4.2 1
iso-C3H7O–H 442.3 ± 2.8 1 HO–OF 199.7 ± 8.4 1 HO–CH(C2H5)2 399.2 ± 4.2 1
C4H9O–H 432.3 1 HO–OCl ~146 1 HO–C(CH3)2(C2H5) 395.8 ± 6.3 1
sec-C4H9O–H 441.4 ± 4.2 1 HO–OBr 138.5 ± 8.4 1 HO–C6H5 470.7 ± 4.2 20
tert-C4H9O–H 444.9 ± 2.8 1 FO–OF 199.6 1 HO–C6F5 446.9 ± 9.2 1
tert-BuCH2O–H 436.1 1 ClO–OCl 72.4 ± 2.8 1 HO–CH2C6H5 334.1 ± 2.6 1
C6H5CH2O–H 442.7 ± 8.8 1 IO–OI HO–C(CH3)2C6H5 339.3 ± 6.3 1
Molecular
74.9 ± 17 1
CH3C(OH)O–H 446.9 ± 6.3 1 trans-perp-HO-ONO ≤67.8 ± 0.4 1 cyclo-C5H9–OH 385.8 ± 6.3 1
(CH3)2C(OH)O–H 450.6 ± 6.3 1 cis-cis-HO-ONO 83.3 ± 2.1 1 1-C10H7–OH 468.6 ± 6.3 1
HC(O)O–H 468.6 ± 12.6 1 HO–ONO2 163.2 ± 8.4 1 2-C10H7–OH 467.8 ± 6.3 1
CH3C(O)O–H 468.6 ± 12.6 1 HO–OCH3 189.1 ± 4.2 1 (CH3)2(NH2)C–OH 310.4 ± 6.3 1

CH3C(O)-OH 459.4 ± 4.2 1 trans-HO-NO 200.64 ± 0.19 1 Br–O-tert-C4H9 183.3 1
HOCH2-OH 411.3 1 FO–NO 132.5 ± 17 1 Br–ONO2 143.1 ± 6.3 1
CH3–OCH3 351.9 ± 4.2 1 cis-ClO–NO 127.6 ± 8.4 1 I–OH 213.4 1
ICH2–OCH3 373.2 ± 12.6 1 trans-ClO–NO 116.6 ± 8.4 1 I–OI 130.1 1
CH3O–C2H5 355.2 ± 5.4 1 cis-BrO–NO 138.1 ± 8.4 1 I-ONO2 >140.6 1
CH3O–CHClCH3 370.3 ± 8.4 1 trans-BrO–NO 121.6 ± 8.4 1
(5) N–X BDEs
CH3O–C3H7 358.6 ± 6.3 1 trans-perp-HOO–NO 114.2 ± 4 1
CH3O-iso-C3H7 360.7 ± 4.2 1 CH3O–NO 176.6 ± 3.3 1 H–NH 390.7 ± 0.2 16
CH3O-C4H9 346.0 ± 6.3 1 C2H5O–NO 185.4 ± 4.2 1 H–NH2 449.6 ± 0.2 16
CH3O-tert-C4H9 353.1 ± 6.3 1 C3H7O–NO 179.1 ± 6.3 1 H–NF2 316.7 ± 10.5 1
C6H5–OCH3 425.9 ± 5.9 20 iso-C3H7O–NO 175.3 ± 4.2 1 H–NNH 254.4 1
C6H5CH(CH3)–OCH3 313.4 ± 9.6 1 C4H9O–NO 177.8 ± 6.5 1 H–N3 ≤389 1
C6H5–OC6H5 333.9 ± 4.2 20 iso-C4H9O–NO 175.7 ± 6.5 1 H–N=CH2 364 ± 25 1
CH3–OC(O)H 383.7 ± 12.6 1 sec-C4H9O–NO 173.6 ± 3.3 1 H–NO 199.5 1
HC(O)–OH 457.7 ± 2.1 1 tert-C4H9O–NO 176.1 ± 5.9 1 H–NHOH 341 1
CH3C(O)–OH 459.4 ± 4.2 1 tert-AmO–NO 171.1 ± 0.4 1 H–NCO 460.7 ± 2.1 1
C6H5C(O)–OH 447.7 ± 10.5 1 C6H5O–NO 87.0 1 H–NCS ≤396.6 ± 4.6 1
HO–CH2C(O)OH 368.2 ± 10.5 1 HO–NO2 205.4 1 H–NCS 347.3 ± 8.4 1
CH3–OC(O)CH3 380.3 ± 12.6 1 FO–NO2 131.8 ± 12.6 1 CH3NH2 425.1 ± 8.4 1
HC(O)–OCH3 423.8 ± 4.2 1 ClO–NO2 110.9 4 tert-BuNH2 397.5 ± 8.4 1
CH3C(O)–OCH3 424.3 ± 6.3 1 BrO–NO2 118.0 ± 6.3 1 C6H5CH2NH2 418.4 1
C6H5C(O)–OCH3 421.3 ± 12.6 1 IO–NO2 ~100 1 (CH3)2NH 395.8 ± 8.4 1
C6H5C(O)–OC6H5 307.5 ± 8.4 1 CH3O–NO2 176.1 ± 4.2 1 H–NHNH(CH3) 276 ± 21 1
CH3OCH2–OCH3 367.5 ± 8.4 1 C2H5O–NO2 174.5 ± 4.2 1 H–NHN(CH3)2 356 ± 21 1
CH3C(O)–OC(O)CH3 382.4 ± 12.6 1 C3H7O–NO2 177.0 ± 4.2 1 NH2CN 414.2 1
C6H5C(O)–OC(O)C6H5 384.9 ± 16.7 1 iso-C3H7O-NO2 175.7 ± 4.2 1 (NH2)2C=O 464.4 1
CH3–OOH 300.4 ± 12.6 1 HOO–NO2 99.2 ± 4.6 1 (NH2)2C=S 389.1 1
C2H5–OOH 332.2 ± 20.9 1 CH3OO–NO2 86.6 ± 8.4 1 CH3CSNH2 380.7 1
C3H7–OOH 364.4 1 CF3OO–NO2 105 1 PhCSNH2 380.7 1
iso-C3H7-OOH 298.3 1 CF2ClOO–NO2 106.7 1 (PhNH)2C=S 364.0 1
tert-C4H9-OOH 309.2 ± 4.2 1 CFCl2OO–NO2 106.7 1 (NH2)2C=NH 435.1 1
CH3–OOCH3 292.5 ± 8.4 1 CCl3OO–NO2 95.8 1 Ph2C=NH 489.5 1
CF3–OOCF3 361.5 ± 8.4 1 CH3N(O)-O 305.3 ± 4.4 1 H–N(SiMe3)2 464 1
CH3–OO 137.0 ± 3.8 1 C6H5N(O)-O 392 ± 8 1 H–NHPh 375.3 1
CF3–OO 169.0 1 C5H5N-O 264.9 ± 2.0 1 C6H5NHOH 292 1
CClF2–OO 127.6 1 C6H5N=N(O)(C6H5)-O 309.4 ± 3.5 1 C6H5NH(CONMe2) 387.9 1
CCl2F-OO 124.7 1 C6H5(O)N=N(O) 309.4 ± 3.6 1 H–NPh2 364.8 1
CH2Cl–OO 122.4 ± 10.5 1 (C6H5)-O HN–N2 63 1
CHCl2–OO 108.2 ± 8.2 1 O–SO 551.1 1 ON–N 480.7 ± 0.4 1
CCl3–OO 92.0 ± 6.4 1 O–SOF2 513.3 1 ON–NO 8.49 ± 0.12 1
HC(O)–OOH 290.0 1 O–SOCl2 398.5 1 ON–NO2 42.5 1
CH3C(O)–OOC(O)CH3 315.1 1 O–S(OH)2 493.7 ± 25 1 O2N–NO2 57.3 ± 1 1
ClO–CF3 ≤369.9 ± 1.3 1 HO–SH 293.3 ± 16.7 1 H2N–NH2 277.0 ± 1.3 1
CH3–ONO 245.2 1 HO–SOH 313.4 ± 12.6 1 F2N–NF2 92.9 ± 12.6 1
C2H5–ONO 260.2 1 HO–S(OH)O2 384.9 ± 8.4 1 H2N–NHCH3 275.8 ± 8.4 1
C3H7–ONO 249.4 ± 6.3 1 HO–SCH3 303.8 ± 12.6 1 H2N–N(CH3)2 259.8 ± 8.4 1
iso-C3H7–ONO 254.4 ± 6.3 1 HO–SO2CH3 360.2 ± 12.6 1 H2N–NHC6H5 227.6 ± 8.4 1
C4H9–ONO 256.5 ± 6.3 1 F–OH 215.1 1 H2N–NO2 230 1
iso-C4H9–ONO 254.0 ± 6.3 1 F–OF 164.1 1 H2NN(CH3)–NO 179.6 1
sec-C4H9–ONO 253.6 ± 6.3 1 F–OCF3 200.8 ± 4.2 1 (C6H5)2N-NO 94.6 1
tert-C4H9–ONO 252.7 ± 6.3 1 F–OCH3 >196.6 1 N3–CH3 335.1 ± 20.5 1
(C2H5)(CH3)2C–ONO 254.0 ± 8.4 1 F–ONO2 143.1 1 N3–C6H5 389.9 ± 20.9 20
CH3–ONO2 340.2 1 Cl–OH 233.5 1 N3–CH2C6H5 211.3 ± 14.2 1
C2H5 –ONO2 344.8 1 Cl–OCl 142 1 CH3–NC 413.0 ± 3.3 1
CH3O–CH2CN 393.3 1 Cl–OCF3 ≤220.9 ± 8.4 1 C2H5–NC 413.4 ± 8.4 1
O–N2 167.4 ± 0.4 1 Cl–OCH3 200.8 1 iso-C3H7–NC 423.0 ± 8.4 1
O–NO 306.301 16 Cl–O-tert-C4H9 198.3 1 tert-C4H9–NC 399.6 ± 5.4 1
NC–NO 204.4 1
Molecular
O–NO2 206.3 1 Cl–OOCl 91.2 1

NO–NO 40.6 ± 2.1 1 Cl–ONO2 172.0 1 CH3–NO 172 1
O2N–ONO2 95.4 ± 1.5 1 Br–OH 209.6 ± 4.2 1 CF3–NO 167 1
cis-HO–NO 207.0 1 Br–OBr 125 1 CCl3–NO 125 1
C2H5–NO 171.5 1

CH2CHCH2–NO 102.4 ± 3.2 15 H–SOH 330.5 ± 14.6 1 Ph3Si–SiPh3 368.2 1
iso-C3H7–NO 152.7 ± 12.6 1 H–SCOCH3 370.7 1 F3Si–SiF3 453.1 ± 25 1
tert-C4H9–NO 167 1 H–SCO Ph 364 1 SiH3–CH3 375 ± 5 1
C6H5–NO 229.7 ± 1.4 12 H–SO2CH3 ≤397 1 SiF3–CH3 355.6 1
C6F5–NO 211.3 ± 4.2 1 H–SSCH3 330.5 ± 14.6 1 H3Si–NO 158.2 ± 5.7 1
C6H5CH2–NO 123 1 H–SPh 349.4 ± 4.5 1 H3Si–PH2 331.4 1
CH3–NO2 260.7 ± 2.1 1 H–SSH 318.0 ± 14.6 1 SiH3–F 638 ± 5 1
C2H5–NO2 254.4 1 H–SSSH 292.9 ± 6.5 1 SiH3–Cl 458 ± 7 1
C3H7–NO2 256.5 1 HS–SH 270.7 ± 8.4 1 SiH3–Br 376 ± 9 1
iso-C3H7–NO2 259.8 1 FS–SF 362.3 1 SiH3–I 299 ± 8 1
C4H9–NO2 254.8 1 ClS–SCl 329.7 1 GeH3–H 348.9 ± 8.4 1
sec-C4H9–NO2 263.2 1 HS–SCH3 272.0 1 Me3Ge–H 364.0 1
tert-C4H9–NO2 258.6 1 HS–SPh 255.2 ± 6.3 1 Ph3Ge–H 359.8 1
C6H5–NO2 302.9 ± 4.2 20 CH3S–SCH3 272.8 ± 3.8 1 (CH3)3Ge-Ge(CH3)3 280.3 1
C6H5CH2–NO2 210.3 ± 6.3 1 C2H5S–SC2H5 276.6 1 (CH3)3Ge-CH3 288.7 1
(NO2)CH2–NO2 207.1 1 MeS–SPh 272.0 ± 6.3 1 Me3Sn–H 307.5 ± 10.7 11
(NO2)3C–NO2 176.1 1 C6H5S–SC6H5 214.2 ± 12.6 1 Ph3Sn–H 294.6 1
CF3–NF2 280.7 1 F5S–SF5 305 ± 21 1 (CH3)3Sn-Sn(CH3)3 252.6 ± 14.8 11
C6H5CH2–NF2 237.2 ± 14.6 1 HS–CH3 312.5 ± 4.2 1 (CH3)3Sn-Cl 425 ± 7 1
CH3–NH2 356.1 ± 2.1 1 HS–C2H5 307.9 ± 2.1 1 (CH3)3Sn–CH3 284.1 ± 9.9 11
C2H5–NH2 352.3 ± 6.3 1 HS–C3H7 310.5 ± 2.9 1 (CH3)3Pb-Pb(CH3)3 228.4 1
C3H7–NH2 356.1 ± 2.9 1 HS–iso-C3H7 307.1 ± 3.8 1 Cl3Pb-Cl 271 ± 4 1
iso-C3H7–NH2 357.7 ± 3.8 1 HS–C4H9 309.2 ± 2.9 1 (CH3)3Pb-CH3 238 ± 21 1
C4H9–NH2 356.1 ± 2.9 1 HS–sec-C4H9 307.5 ± 2.9 1
(8) P-, As-, Sb-, Bi–X BDEs
sec-C4H9–NH2 359.0 ± 2.9 1 HS–iso-C4H9 310.0 ± 4.6 1
iso-C4H9–NH2 254.8 ± 5.0 1 HS–tert-C4H9 301.2 ± 3.8 1 H2P–H 351.0 ± 2.1 1
tert-C4H9–NH2 355.6 ± 6.3 1 HS–C6H5 367.8 ± 6.3 20 CH3PH–H 322.2 ± 12.6 1
pyridin-2-yl–NH2 431 1 HS–CH2C6H5 258.2 ± 6.3 1 H2P–PH2 256.1 1
C6H5–NH2 436.4 ± 4.2 20 HS–C(O)H 309.6 ± 8.4 1 (C2H5)2P–P(C2H5)2 359.8 1
C6H5CH2–NH2 306.7 ± 6.3 1 HS–C(O)CH3 307.9 ± 6.3 1 F2P–F 549 1
C6H5CH(CH)3–NH2 307.5 ± 9.6 1 CH3S–CH3 307.9 ± 3.3 1 Cl2P–Cl 356 ± 8 1
HC(O)–NH2 421.7 ± 8.4 1 HOS–CH3 284.9 ± 12.6 1 Br2P–Br <259 1
CH3C(O)–NH2 414.6 ± 8.4 1 CH3SO–CH3 221.8 ± 8.4 1 I2P–I 217 1
HS–NO 138.9 1 HOSO2–CH3 324.3 ± 12.6 1 H2P–SiH3 331.4 1
CH3S–NO 104.6 ± 4.2 1 CH3SO2–CH3 279.5 1 H2As–H 319.2 ± 0.8 1
tert-BuS–NO 115.1 1 F5S–CF3 392 ± 43 1 H2Sb-H 288.3 ± 2.1 1
PhCH2S–NO 120.5 1 F–SF5 391.6 1 F2Bi–F 435 ± 19 1
C6H5S-NO 81.2 ± 5.4 1 F–SO2(F) 379 1 Br2Bi–Br >297.1 1
SCN–SCN 255.6 1 Cl–SF5 <272 1 (9) Se- and Te–X BDEs
FSO2–NF2 163 1 Cl–SO2CH3 293 1 H–SeH 334.93 ± 0.75 1
F–NO 235.26 1 Cl-SO2Ph 297 1 H–SeC6H5 326.4 ± 16.7 1
F–NO2 221.3 1 Br-SBr 259 ± 17 1 PhSe–SePh 280 ± 9 1
F–NF2 254.0 1 Br–SF5 <230 1 H–TeH 277.0 ± 5.0 1
F–NH2 286.6 1 I-SH 206.7 ± 8.4 1 H–TeC6H5 ≤264 1
Cl–NO 158.8 ± 0.8 1 I-SCH3 206.3 ± 7.1 1 PhTe–TePh 138.1 ± 12.6 1
Cl–NO2 141.8 ± 1.3 1
(7) Si-, Ge-, Sn-, and Pb–X BDEs (10) Metal-Centered BDEs
Cl–NF2 ~134 1
Cl–NH2 253.1 1 SiH3–H 383.7 ± 2.1 1 Arranged by the Periodic
Br–NO 120.1 ± 0.8 1 Me3Si–H 396 ± 7 1 Table
Br–NO2 82.0 ± 7.1 1 H5Si2–H 373 ± 8 1
(C2H5)3Si–H 396 ± 4 1 (10.1) Group 1
Br–NF2 <227.2 1
C6H5SiH2–H 382 ± 5 1 Li-OH 431.0
I–NO 75.6 ± 4 1
(CH3S)3Si–H 364.0 1 Li–C2H5 214.6 ± 8.4 1
I–NO2 79.6 ± 4 1
(iPrS)3Si–H 376.6 1 Li–nC4H9 197.9 ± 16.3 1
(6) S–X BDEs PhMe2Si–H 377 ± 7 1 Na–OH 342.3 1
H–SH 381.18 ± 0.05 1 Ph2SiH–H 379 ± 7 1 Na–O2 <200 1
H–SCH3 365.7 ± 2.1 1 Ph2MeSi–H 361 ± 0 1 K–OH 359 1
H–SCHCH2 351.5 ± 8.4 1 SiF3–H 432 ± 5 1 Rb–OH 356.2 ± 4.2 1
Molecular
H–SC2H5 365.3 1 SiCl3–H 391 5 Cs–OH 373 1

H–SC3H7 365.7 1 SiBr3–H 334 ± 8 1 (10.2) Group 2
H–S-iso-C3H7 369.9 ± 8.4 1 SiH3–SiH3 321 ± 4 1
BeO−H 469 1
H–S-tert-C4H9 362.3 ± 9.2 1 SiH3–Si2H5 313 ± 8 1

Be(OH)−OH 476 1 Zr(η -C5Me5)2−Cl
5 481.2 1 W(H)(η -C5H5)2−H
5 310.9 ± 4.2 1
MgO−H 441 1 Zr(η5-C5Me5)2−Br 410.0 1 W(I)(η5-C5H5)2−H 273 ± 14 1
Mg(OH)−OH 349 1 Zr(I)(η5-C5Me5)2−I 336.4 ± 2.1 1 (CO)5W−H2 ≥67 1
BrMg−CH3 253 1 Zr(η5-C5Me5)2(Ph)−OH 482.4 ± 6.3 1 (P(C6H11)3) 28.5 ± 2.1 1
BrMg−CH2CH3 205 1 Zr(η5-C5Me5)2(Ph) 482.8 ± 10.5 1 (CO)3W−(η2-H2)
BrMg−i-C3H7 184 1 (OH)−OH W(CO)5−CO 192.5 ± 8.4 1
BrMg−t-C4H9 174 1 Zr(η5-C5Me5)2(NH2)H− 421.3 ± 15.1 1 W(CH3)(η5-C5H5)2−CH3 220.9 ± 4 1
BrMg−C6H5 289 1 NH2
Zr(η5-C5Me5)3−CH3 276 ± 10 1 (10.7) Group 7
BrMg−CH2C6H5 201 1
Zr(η5-C5H5)2(C6H5)− 300 ± 10 1 F3Mn−MnF3 210.9 ± 2.5 1
BrMg−C(C6H5)3 180 1
C6H5 (CO)5Mn−Mn(CO)5 185 ± 8 1
Ca(OH)−OH 409 1
Zr(η5-C5H5)2(Si(S 188 ± 30 1 (CO)5Mn−H 284.5 1
Sr(OH)−OH 407 1
iMe3)3)−SiMe3 (PPh3)Mn(CO)4−H 286.2 1
Ba(OH)−OH 443 1
Hf(H)(η5-C5Me5)2−H 346.0 ± 7.9 1 MnBr(CO)4−CO 184 1
(10.3) Group 3 Hf(η5-C5Me5) 274 ± 10 1 (η5-C5H5)(CO)2Mn−CO 195.8 ± 9.2 1
Sc−CH3 116 ± 29 1 (C4H9)−C4H9 Mn−CH3 >35 ± 12 1
Sc−C6H6 60.8 1 Mn(CO)5−CH3 187.0 ± 3.8 1
(10.5) Group 5
La(η5-C5Me5)2− 278.7 ± 10.5 1 Mn(CO)5−C6H5 207 ± 11 1
(η5-C5H5)(CO)3V−η2H2 90 ± 20 1
CH(SiMe3)2 (CO)5Mn−Re(CO)5 149 ± 11 1
(η5-C5H5)(CO)3V−CO 146 ± 21 1
Nd(η5-C5Me5)2− 236.8 ± 10.5 1 (η5-C5H5)Mn(CO)2− 59.4 ± 3.3 1
CH(SiMe3)2 V−CH3 169 ± 18 1 PhMe
(η5-C5Me5)2Sm−H 226.8 ± 12.6 1 V−C6H6 76.2 1 (CO)5Tc−Tc(CO)5 177.5 ± 1.9 1
(η5-C5Me5)2Sm−OCH3 343.1 1 V(C6H6)−C6H6 307.8 1 (CO)5Re−Re(CO)5 187 ± 4.8 1
(η5-C5Me5)2Sm−(η3- 188.3 ± 6.3 1 Nb(η5-C5H5)2H3−TFE 18.8 ± 1.3 1 (CO)5Re−H 313 1
C3H5) Ta(CH3)5−CH3 261 ± 5 1 (CO)5Re−CH3 220 ± 8 1
(η5-C5Me5)2Sm−S-nC3H7 295.4 ± 10.0 1 (Me3SiCH2)4Ta− 184.1 ± 8.4 1
(η5-C5Me5)2Sm−N(CH3)2 201.7 ± 7.5 1 (CH2SiMe3) (10.8) Group 8
(η5-C5Me5)2Sm− 179.9 ± 21 1 (CO)4Fe−Fe(CO)5 171.5 1
(10.6) Group 6
SiH(SiMe3)2 (CO)4Fe(H)x−H 259.4 ± 8.4 1
[Cr(CO)3(η5-C5Me5)]2− 61.5 1
(η5-C5Me5)2Sm−P(Et)2 136.4 ± 8.4 1 (η5-C5H5)(CO)2Fe−H 239 1
Hg
(η5-C5Me5)2Eu−I 238.9 ± 8.4 1 Fe(CO)3(N2)−N2 37.7 ± 19.2 1
[Cr(CO)3(η5-C5Me5)]− 111.3 1
(η5-C5Me5)2Yb−I 256.1 ± 6.3 1 Hg Fe(C2H2)(CO)4−CO 88 ± 2.3 1
Lu(η5-C5Me5)2− 279.1 ± 10.5 1 Cr(CO)5−Xe 37.7 ± 3.8 1 Fe(CO)2(PMe3)−CO >125 1
CH(SiMe3)2 (CO)2(PPh3) 250.2 ± 4.2 1 Fe(CO)3(PPh3)−CO <177.8 ± 5 1
(η5-C5H4SiMe3)3Th−H 277 ± 6 1 (η5-C5H5)Cr–H Fe−NH3 31.4 ± 4.2 1
(η5-C5H4SiMe3)3Th−O 371 ± 24 1 (η5-C5H5)Cr(CO)3−H 257 1 Fe−CH2 364 ± 29 1
(η5-C5H5)3Th−CH3 375 ± 9 1 Cr(CO)5−H2 78 ± 4 1 Fe−CH3 135 ± 29 1
(η5-C5H5)3Th− 369 ± 12 1 (P(C6H11)3)2(CO)3Cr−H2 30.5 ± 0.4 1 Fe(C2H4)(CO)3−C2H4 89.1 ± 8 1
CH2Si(CH3)3 (η6-C6H6)(CO)3Cr−H2 251 ± 17 1 Fe−C3H5 218 1
(C9H7)3Th−CH2C6H5 342 ± 9 1 Cr(CO)5−N2 81 ± 4 1 Fe−C3H6 79 1
(η5-C5H4tBu)3U−H 249.7 ± 5.7 1 (P(C6H11)3)2(CO)3Cr−N2 38.9 ± 0.8 1 Fe(CO)5−Ni(CO)4 37.7 1
(η5-C5H4SiMe3)3U−H 253.7 ± 5.1 1 (η5-C5Me5)(CO)3Cr−SH 193 1 Fe(CO)5−(η3-C3H5) 176 1
[HB(3,5- 422.6 1 Cr(CO)5−CO 154.0 ± 8.4 1 Fe(C3H6)(CO)3−C3H6 ~79.5 1
Me2Pz)3]U(Cl)2−Cl (CO2)(η5-C5H5)Ru−H 272 1
Cr(CO)5−CH4 ~33.5 ± 8 1
(η5-C5H4SiMe3)3U−I 265.6 ± 4.3 1 (PMe3)2(η5-C5Me5)Ru−H 167.4 1
Cr−C6H6 9.6 ± 5.8 1
(η5-C5H4tBu)3U−O 307 ± 9 1 (CO)2(η5-C5Me5)Ru−Cl 337.6 1
Cr(C6H6)−C6H6 268.2 ± 15.4 1
(η5-C5H4SiMe3)3U−CO 43.1 ± 0.8 1 (η5-C5Me5)(PMe3)2Ru−Cl <138 1
Cr(CO)5−C6H6 57.3 ± 3.3 1
(C9H7)3U−CH3 196.3 ± 6.6 1 (η5-C5Me5) 204.6 1
(P(C6H11)3)2(CO)3Cr− 68.6 ± 2.5 1
(η5-C5Me5)2U(Cl)−C6H5 358 ± 11 1 P(OMe3)3 (PMe3)2Ru−OH
(η5-C5H4SiMe3)3U−THF 41.0 ± 0.8 1 (η5-C5H5)Mo(CO)3−H 290 1 (CO)4Ru−CO 115 ± 1.7 1
Mo(η5-C5H5)2−H 246 1 (η5-C5Me5) 142.3 1
(10.4) Group 4
Mo(H)(η5-C5H5)2−H 256.9 ± 8.4 1 (PMe3)2Ru−CH3
Ti(η5-C5H5)2−Cl 471 1 Os(H)(CO)4−H 326.4 1
Ti(Cl)(η5-C5H5)2−Cl 390 1 Mo(CO)3(η5-C5H5)−I 216.7 ± 4.2 1
(η5-C5Me5)2Mo−O 272 1 (CO)4Os−CO 133 ± 2.6 1
Ti(η5-C5Me5)2−I 219 1 Os(C2H2)(CO)4−CO 99.5 ± 0.8 1
Ti(η5-C5H5)2−CO 174 1 (P(C6H11)3)2(CO)3Mo− 27.2 ± 0.8 1
H2
Ti(CO)(η5-C5H5)2−CO 170 1 (10.9) Group 9
(P(C6H11)3)2(CO)3Mo− 37.7 ± 2.5 1
Ti−CH3 174 ± 29 1 (CO)4Co−Co(CO)4 83 ± 29 1
N2
Ti(Cl)(η5-C5H5)2−CH3 276 1 (CO)4Co−Mn(CO)5 96 ± 12 1
Molecular
Mo(CO)5−CO 169.5 ± 8.4 1

Ti(Cl)((η5-C5H5)2−C6H5 292 1 (CO)4Co−Re(CO)5 113 ± 15 1
Mo(CO)3(η5-C5H5)−CH3 203 ± 8 1
Ti(C6H6)−C6H5 308.7 1 Co(CO)4−H 278 1
W(CO)5−Xe 35.1 ± 0.8 1
Zr(η5-C5Me5)2−H 351.0 ± 7.5 1 Co(CO)3(PPh3)−H 272 1
W(CO)3(η5-C5H5)−H 303 1
Zr(H)(η5-C5Me5)2−H 326.4 ± 4 1 (CO)3HCo−CO ~54 1

(η -C5H5)Co(CO)−CO
5 184.3 ± 4.8 1 Ni−propyne 155 ± 21 1 Zn(C2H5)−C2H5 219.2 ± 8.4 1
Co−CH2 331 ± 38 1 Ni−2-butyne 121 ± 21 1 Cd−CH3 63.6 ± 10.0 1
Co−CH3 178 ± 8 1 Pd−OH 213 1 Cd(CH3)−CH3 234.3 ± 6.3 1
cobalamin−CH3 150.6 1 trans-Pt(PPh3)2(Cl)−H 307 ± 37 1 Hg−CH3 22.6 ± 12.6 1
cobinamide−iC4H9 104 1 [Ph2PCH2]2MePt−H 104.6 1 Hg(CH3)−CH3 239.3 ± 6.3 1
Co−C bonds in B12 123.8 ± 6.3 1 [Ph2PCH2]2MePt –OH 167.4 1 ClHg−CH3 280.0 ± 12.6 1
Cl(CO)2Rh−Rh(CO)2Cl 94.6 1 [Ph2PCH2]2MePt –SH 90.0 1 BrHg−CH3 270 ± 38 1
HRh(m-xylyl)Rh−H 255.6 ± 1.7 1 Pt(η5-C5H5)(CH3)2–CH3 163 ± 21 1 IHg−CH3 258.6 ± 12.6 1
(PiPr3)2(Cl)Rh−H2 136.0 1 cis-Pt(PEt3)2(CH3)–CH3 269 ± 13 1
(10.13) Group 13
(PiPr3)2(Cl)Rh−N2 69.0 1
(10.11) Group 11 H3B−BH3 172 1
(PiPr3)2(Cl)Rh−CO 201.7 1
HRh(m-xylyl)Rh− 195.4 ± 7.5 1 Cu−OH >406 1 H3B−NH3 130.1 ± 4.2 1
CH2OH Cu−CO 25 ± 5 1 (CH3)3B−NH3 57.7 ± 1.3 1
Ir(Cl)(CO)(PMe3)2−H 251 1 Cu−CH3 223 ± 5 1 F3B−N(CH3)3 130 ± 4.6 1
Ir(H)(η5-C5Me5) 310.5 ± 21 1 Cu−NH3 47 ± 15 1 Cl3B−N(CH3)3 127.6 1
(PMe3)− H Cu(NH3)−NH3 83.7 ± 4.2 1 F2B−CH3 397 - 418 1
Ir(Cl)(H)(CO)(PEt3)2−H 243.1 1 Cu−C6H6 16.4 ± 12.5 1 Al−OH 547 ± 13 1
Ir(Cl)(H)(CO)(PPh3)2−H 246.9 1 Cu(C6H6)−C6H6 27.0 ± 19.3 1 Al−C2H2 >54 1
(Cl)(CO)(PPh3)2Ir−H2 62.8 1 Ag−CH3 134.1 ± 6.8 1 Cl3Al−N(CH3)3 198.7 ± 8.4 1
(Cl)(CO)(PPh3)2Ir−CO 45.2 1 Ag−NH3 8 ± 13 1 (CH3)3Al−N(CH3)3 130 1
Ir(H)(η5-C5Me5) 321 1 Ag(NH3)−NH3 62.8 ± 4.2 1 (CH3)3Al−O(CH3)2 92 1
(PMe3)− C6H5 Au−OH >262 1 CH3Ga–GaH3 59 ± 16 1
Au−NH3 76 ± 6 1 (CH3)3Ga−O(C2H5)2 50.6 ± 0.8 1
(10.10) Group 10
Au−CH3 ≥191.6 1 Cl3Ga-S(C2H5)2 235.1 1
Ni–H2O ~29 1 Au−C6H6 8.4 1 In−CH3 216.3 1
Ni(CO)3−N2 ~42 1 In(CH3)−CH3 318.8 1
Ni(CO)3−CO 104.6 ± 8.4 1 (10.12) Group 12
In(CH3)2−CH3 587.4 1
Ni−CH3 208 ± 8 1 Zn−CH3 70 ± 10 1 In(CH3)3−N(CH3)3 83.3 ± 2.1 1
Ni−C2H2 193 ± 25 1 Zn(CH3)−CH3 266.5 ± 6.3 1 Tl−OH 330 ± 30 1
Ni−C2H4 147.3 ± 17.6 1 Zn−C2H5 92.0 ± 17.6 1
References
1. Luo, Y. R. Comprehensive Handbook of Chemical Bond Energies, 11. Da’valos, J. Z., Herrero, R., Shuman, N. S., and Baer, T., J. Phys.
CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007. Chem. A 115, 402, 2011.
2. Shuman, N. S., Ochieng, M. A., Sztáray, B., and Baer, T., J. Phys. 12. Stevens, W. R., Ruscic, B., and Baer, T., J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 13134,
Chem. A 112, 5647, 2008. 2010.
3. Seetula, J. A., and Eskola, A. J., Chem. Phys. 351, 141, 2008. 13. Bodi, A., Shuman, N. S., and Baer, T., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11,
4. Golden, D. M., Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 41, 573, 2009. 11013, 2009.
5. Shuman, N. S., Spencer, A. P., and Baer, T., J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 14. Rissanen, M. P., Amedro, D., Krasnoperov, L., Marshall, P., and Tim-
9458, 2009. onen, R. S., J. Phys. Chem. A, 117, 793, 2013.
6. Villano, S. M., Eyet, N., Wren, S. W., Ellison, G. B., Bierbaum, V. M., 15. Borkar, S., Sztáray, B., and Bodi, A., Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 330-332,
and Lineberger, W. C., J. Phys. Chem. A 114, 191, 2010. 100, 2012. Derived from heats of formation of compounds.
7. Downs, A.J., Greene, T. M., Johnsen, E., Pulham, C. R., Robertson, 16. Ruscic, B., Active Thermochemical Table, http://atct.anl.gov/index.
H. E., and Wann, D. A., Dalton Trans. 39, 5637, 2010. html, Dec. 16, 2010.
8. Villano, S. M., Eyet, N., Wren, S. W., Ellison, G. B., Bierbaum, V. M., 17. Harvey, J., Tuckett, R. P., and Bodi, A., J. Phys. Chem. A, 116, 9696,
and Lineberger, W. C., Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 16, 255, 2010. 2012. Derived from heats of formation of compounds.
9. Bodi, A., Kercher, J. P., Bond, C., Meteesatien, P., Sztáray, B., and 18. Dixon, A. R., Khuseynov, D., and Sanov, A., Chem. Phys. Lett. 614,
Baer, T., J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 13425, 2006. Derived from heats of 72-77, 2014.
formation of compounds. 19. Dixon, A. R., Khuseynov, D., and Sanov, A., J. Phys. Chem. A 118,
10. Stevens, W. R., Bodi, A., and Baer, T., J. Phys. Chem. A 114, 11285, 8533-8541, 2014.
2010. Derived from heats of formation of compounds. 20. Re-derived based on updated ΔfH0(C6H5) = 337.3±0.6 kJ/mol.
TABLE 4. Enthalpies of Formation of Free Radicals and Other Transient Species
Radical ΔfHº298/kJ mol–1 Ref. Radical ΔfHº298/kJ mol–1 Ref.

•C2H3, vinyl, CH2=C•H 299.6 ± 3.3 1
(1) Carbon-Centered Species •C H , ethyl, CH C•H
2 5 3 2 118.8 ± 1.3 1
CH 595.8 ± 0.6 1 •C H , propargyl, CH≡CC•H 351.9 2
3 3 2
Molecular
CH2 (triplet) 391.2 ± 1.6 1 •C H , CH C≡C• 515 ± 13 1

3 3 3
CH2 (singlet) 428.8 ± 1.6 1 •C H , CH =C=CH• ↔ CH≡CC•H
3 3 2 2 351.9 2
•CH , methyl 146.7 ± 0.3 1
3 •C H , cyclopro-2-en-1-yl 497.5 ± 16.7 15
3 3
•C H, acetenyl, CH≡C• 567.4 ± 2.1 1 •C H , allyl, CH =CHC•H
2
3 5 2 2 171.0 ± 3.0 1
•C H , vinylidene CH =C•• 419.7 ± 16.7 1
2 2 2


•C3H5, CH3CH=C H • 267 ± 6 1 nC6H13•, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2C•H2 33.5 1
•C H , CH C•=CH 242.8±7.1 16 •C6H13, (nC4H9)(CH3)C•H 29.3 1
3 5 3 2
•C H , cyclopropyl 279.9 ± 10.5 1 •C H , 2-methyl-2-pentyl 3.3 ± 8.4 1
3 5 6 13
n-C3H7•, n-propyl, CH3CH2C•H2 100 ± 2 1 •C H , 3-methyl-3-pentyl
6 13 14.2 1
i-C3H7 •, i-propyl, CH3C•HCH3 88 ± 3 1 •C H , 2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl
6 13 3.1 ± 10 1
•n-C4H3, CH≡CCH=C•H 547.3 1 •C H , (CH≡C) C•
7 3 3 784.5 1
•i-C4H3, CH2=C•C≡CH 499.2 1 •C H , benzyl, C H C•H
7 7 6 5 2 208.0 ± 1.7 1
•C H , quadricyclolan-5-yl 578.6 ± 5.4 1
•C H , CH C≡CC•H
4 5 3 2 304.5 1 7 7
•C H , quadricyclolan-4-yl 587.4 ± 5.4 1
•C H , CH≡CC•HCH
4 5 3 316.5 1 7 7
•C H , •CH=CHCHCH •C H , norborna-2,5-dien-7-yl 511.7 ± 7.9 1
4 5 2 364.4 1 7 7
•C H , CH =CHC•CH •C H , cyclohepta-1,3,5-trien-7-yl 285.3 ± 12.6 1
4 5 2 2 313.3 1 7 7
•C H , CH CH=CHC•H •C H , CH =CH(CH=CH) CC•H 251.0 1
4 7 3 2 138.4±5.8 16 7 9 2 2 2
•C H , CH =CHCH C•H •C H , (CH =CH) C• 274.0 1
4 7 2 2 2 209.2±4.2 16 7 9 2 3
•C H , CH =C(CH )C•H •C H , norborn-1-yl 136.4 ± 10.5 1
4 7 2 3 2 137.9 1 7 11
•C H , CH =CHC•HCH •C H , cycloheptenyl 119.2 1
4 7 2 3 136.2 1 7 11
·C H , •CH=CHCH CH •C H , cycloheptyl 50.6 ± 4.2 1
4 7 2 3 247.1±0.9 16 7 13
•C H , cyclopropylmethyl •C H , cyclo-[C•(CH )(CH ) ] 22.6 1
4 7 213.8 ± 6.7 1 7 13 3 2 5
•C H , cyclobutyl •C H , cyclo-[C•(CH CH )(CH ) ] 47.0 1
4 7 219.2 ± 4.2 1 7 13 2 3 2 4
n-C4H9•, n-butyl, CH3CH2CH2C•H2 77.8 ± 2.1 1 •C7H15, (nC5H11)(CH3)CH• 8.4 1
•C H , (CH ) CHCHC•(CH ) –21.8 ± 5.2 1
i-C4H9•, i-butyl, (CH3)2CHC•H2 70 ± 4 1 7 15 3 2 3 2
•C H , cubyl 831.0 ± 16.7 1
s-C4H9•, s-butyl, CH3C•HCH2CH3 67.8 ± 2.1 1 8 7
•C H , C H C•=CH 309.6 1
t-C4H9•, t-butyl, (CH3)3C• 48 ± 3 1 8 7 6 5 2
•C H , C H CH=CH• 387.0 1
•C H , CH≡C-C≡CC•H
5 3 2 579.1 1 8 7 6 5
•C H , C H C•H(CH ) 175.7 ± 7.5 1
•C H , (CH≡C) C•H
5 3 2 573.2 1 8 9 6 5 3
•C H , C H CH C•H 236.0 ± 7.5 1
•C H , CH =CHC≡CC•H
5 5 2 2 351.5 1 8 9 6 5 2 2
•C H , CH =CH-C•H-C≡CH
5 5 2 372.4 1 •C8H9, p-CH3C6H4C•H2 167.4 1
•C H , cyclopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl
5 5 274.1 ± 7.3 1 •C8H9, m-CH3C6H4C•H2 167.4 1
•C H , CH C≡CC•HCH
5 7 3 3 272.8 ± 9.2 1 •C8H9, o-CH3C6H4C•H2 167.4 1
•C H , 1-vinyl-cyclohexa-2,4-dienyl 247.7 ± 14.2 1
•C H , CH≡CC•HC H
5 7 2 5 277.0 ± 8.4 1 8 9
•C H , 2-vinyl-cyclohexa-2,4-dienyl 249.8 ± 14.2 1
•C H , CH≡CC•(CH )
5 7 3 2 257.3 ± 9.2 1 8 9
•C H , CH =CHCH=CHC•H •C H , 3-vinyl-cyclohexa-2,4-dienyl 269.4 ± 14.2 1
5 7 2 2 205.0 ± 12.6 1 8 9
•C H , (CH =CH) C•H •C H , 6-vinyl-cyclohexa-2,4-dienyl 284.5 ± 14.2 1
5 7 2 2 208.0 ± 4.2 1 8 9
•C H , CH CH=C=CHC•H •C H , CH =CHCH=CHC•H(CH ) CH 130.5 1
5 7 3 2 278.0 1 8 13 2 2 2 3
•C H , spiropentyl •C H , CH =CHC•H(CH ) CH=CH 130.5 1
5 7 380.7 ± 4.2 1 8 13 2 2 3 2
•C H , cyclopent-1-en-3-yl •C H , bicyclooct-1-yl 92.0 1
5 7 160.7 ± 4.2 1 8 13
•C H , cyclopentyl •C H , CH =CHC•H(CH ) CH 49.8 1
5 9 105.9 ± 4.2 1 8 15 2 2 4 3
•C H , CH =CHC•HCH CH
5 9 2 2 3 109.6 ± 8.4 1 •C8H15, (E)-CH3CH=C•(CH2)4CH3 29.7 1
•C H , CH CH=CHC•H(CH )
5 9 3 3 92 1 •C8H15, (Z)-(CH3)2C•CH=CHCH(CH3)2 9.2 1
•C H , CH CH=C(CH )C•H •C H , cyclooctanyl 59.4 1
5 9 3 3 2 92.0 1 8 15
•C H , CH =CHC•(CH ) •C H , cyclo-[C•(CH CH )(CH ) ] 10.0 1
5 9 2 3 2 87.0 ± 8.4 1 8 15 2 3 2 5
•C H , CH =C(CH )C•H(CH ) •C H , indenyl 297.1 1
5 9 2 3 3 93.7 1 9 7
•C H , CH =C(C•H )CH CH •C H , indanyl-1 204.2 ± 8.4 1
5 9 2 2 2 3 114.2 1 9 9
•C H , CH =CH(CH ) C•H •C H , 2,6-dimethylbenzyl 124.7 1
5 9 2 2 2 2 179.5 1 9 11
•C H , 3,6-dimethylbenzyl 124.7 1
nC5H11•, CH3CH2CH2CH2C•H2 54.4 1 9 11
•C H , (C H ) C•H •C H , 3,5-dimethylbenzyl 124.7 1
5 11 2 5 2 47.0 1 9 11
•C H , (nC H )(CH )C•H •C H , C H C•(CH ) 133.9 ± 4.2 1
5 11 3 7 3 50.2 1 9 11 6 5 3 2
•C H , (CH ) C•CH
5 11 3 3 2 36.4 ± 8.4 1 •C9H11, o-•C6H4C2H5 279.5 ± 7.5 1
•C H , (C H )(CH ) C• •C H , cyclononanyl 52.3 1
5 11 2 5 3 2 29 1 9 17
•C H , phenyl •C H , naphth-1-yl 401.7 ± 5.4 1
6 5 337.3 ± 30.6 11 10 7
•C H , cyclohexa-1,3-dien-5-yl •C H , naphth-2-yl 400.4 ± 5.9 1
6 7 199.2 1 10 7
•C H , cyclohexa-1,4-dien-3-yl •C H , tetralin-1-yl 154.8 ± 5.0 1
6 7 208.0 ± 3.9 5 10 11
•C H , 1-phenyl-but-4-yl 192.0 1
•C H , CH C≡CC•(CH )
6 9 3 3 2 221.8 ± 9.2 1 10 13
•C H , (CH =CH) C•(CH ) •C H , (C H CH )(C H )C•H 184.5 1
6 9 2 2 3 193.7 1 10 13 6 5 2 2 5
•C H , cyclohexa-1-en-3-yl •C H , (C H CH CH )(CH )C•H 184.5 1
6 9 119.7 1 10 13 6 5 2 2 3
•C H , CH =CH(CH ) C•H •C H , (C H C•HCH CH CH 134.7 1
6 11 2 2 3 2 158.6 1 10 13 6 5 2 2 3
•C H , CH =CHC•H(CH ) CH •C H , 1-adamantyl 51.5 1
6 11 2 2 2 3 89.0 1 10 15
•C H , CH =C(CH )C•(CH ) •C H , 2-adamantyl 61.9 1
6 11 2 3 3 2 37.7 ± 6.3 1 10 15
Molecular
•C H , (CH ) C=C(CH )C•H •C H , cyclodecanyl 32.2 1

6 11 3 2 3 2 39.7 ± 6.3 1 10 19
•C H , (CH ) C=CHC•H(CH ) •C H , 1-naphthylmethyl 252.7 1
6 11 3 2 3 47.3 1 11 9
•C H , cycloundecanyl 7.5 1
•C6H11, (Z)-CH3CH=CHC•(CH3)2 54.4 1 11 21
•C H , cyclohexyl •C H , cyclododecanyl -38.5 1
6 11 75.3 ± 6.3 1 12 23


•C13H9, 9-fluorenyl 297.5 1 •C2H3F2, CH2FC HF • -238.5 1
·C13H9, 1-phenalenyl 264.3 17 •C H F, CH C•HF
2 4 3 –70.3 ± 8.4 1
•C H , (C H ) C•H 302.1 ± 4.2 1 •C H F, CH FC•H –59.4 ± 8.4 1
13 11 6 5 2 2 4 2 2
•C H , 9-methyl-9-fluorenyl 268.2 1 •C H F Cl, CF ClC•H –315.2 ± 6 1
13 11 2 2 2 2 2
•C H , 9,10-dihydroanthracen-9-yl 261.0 1 •C F Cl, CF ClC•F -686.0 1
14 11 2 4 2 2
•C H , 9-anthracenylmethyl 337.6 1 •C HF Cl, CClF C•HF –450.6 ± 12.6 1
15 11 2 3 2
•C H , 9-phenanthrenylmethyl 311.3 1 •C F Cl, CF C•FCl -728.0 1
15 11 2 4 3
•C H , CH =CHC•H(CH ) CH -118.8 1 •C F Cl , CF C•Cl -564.0 1
16 31 2 2 12 3 2 3 2 3 2
•C H , trityl, (C H ) C• 392.0 ± 8.4 1 •C F ClBr, CF C•ClBr –504.2 ± 8.4 1
19 15 6 5 3 2 3 3
•C H , pentamethylcyclopentadienyl 67.4 1 •C Cl, ClC≡C• 534 ± 50 1
35 25 2
CF 243.9 ± 3.9 13 •C Cl , CCl =C•Cl
2 3 2 190 ± 50 1
CF2 –199.2 ± 5.6 12 •C Cl , CCl C•Cl
2 5 3 2 35.1 ± 5.4 1
FC•(O) –161.2 ± 8.4 1 •C HCl , CHCl C•Cl
2 4 2 2 23.4 ± 8.4 1
CHF 143.0 ± 12.6 1 •C HCl , CCl C•HCl
2 4 3 51.0 1
CClF 31.0 ± 13.4 1 •C H Cl , CH ClC•Cl
2 2 3 2 2 26.4 1
CCl 443.1 ± 13.0 1 •C H Cl , CHCl C•HCl
2 2 3 2 46.4 1
CCl2 226 1 •C H Cl , CCl C•H
2 2 3 3 2 71.5 ± 8 1
ClC•(O) –21.8 ± 2.5 1 •C H Cl , CH C•Cl
2 3 2 3 2 42.5 ± 1.7 1
CHCl 326.4 ± 8.4 1 •C H Cl , CH ClC•ClH
2 3 2 2 65.3 1
CClBr 267 1 •C H Cl , CHCl C•H
2 3 2 2 2 90.1 ± 0.8 1
CBr 510 ± 63 1 •C H Cl, CH C•HCl
2 4 3 76.5 ± 1.6 1
CHBr 373 ± 18 1 •C H Cl, CH ClC•H
2 4 2 2 93.0 ± 2.4 1
CBr2 343.5 1 •C H Br , CH C•Br
2 3 2 3 2 140.2 ± 5.4 1
CI 570 ± 35 1 •C H Br, BrCH C•H
2 4 2 2 135.1 1
CI2 468 ± 60 1 •C H Br, CH C•HBr
2 4 3 133.4 ± 3.4 3
•CF –465.7 ± 2.1 1 •C Br, CBrC•
3 2 623.8 1
•CHF –249.8 ± 6.6 13 •C Br , CBr C•Br
2 2 3 2 385.3 1
•CH F –31.8 ± 4.2 1 •C Br , CBr C•Br
2 2 5 3 2 283.3 1
•CClF –279.0 ± 8.4 1 •C H Cl, CH CH C•HCl
2 3 6 3 2 56.6 1
•CCl F –89.0 ± 8.4 1 •C H Cl, CH C•ClCH
2 3 6 3 3 29.9 ± 0.6 1
•CBrClF –35.5 ± 6.3 1 •C H Br, C•H CH CH Br
3 6 2 2 2 120.1 ± 1.3 1
•CHClF –60.7 ± 10.0 1 •C H Br, CH C•HCH Br
3 6 3 2 96.7 ± 5.9 1
•CBrF –224.7 ± 12.6 1 •C H Br, CH CH C•HBr
2 3 6 3 2 107.5 ± 2.5 1
•CCl 71.1 ± 2.5 1 •C F
3 6 5 –547.7 ± 8.4 1
•CHCl 87.1 ± 1.6 1 •CH O, HOC•H
2 3 2 –17.0 ± 0.7 1
•CH Cl 117.2 ± 2.9 1 •CH ClO, HOC•ClH
2 2 –60.7 ± 7.5 1
•CHBrCl 140 ± 4 1 •CHCl O, HOC•Cl
2 2 –94.1 ± 7.5 1
•CHBr 199.1 ± 2.7 3 •CH ClO, ClOC•H
2 2 2 135.6 ± 9.2 1
•CBr Cl 163 ± 8 1 •CH BrO, BrOC•H
2 2 2 151 ± 16 1
•CBrCl 124 ± 8 1 •C H O, C•H=CHOH
2 2 3 121 ± 11 1
•CBr 214.8 1 •C H O, C•H CHO
3 2 3 2 13.0 ± 2 1
•CH Br 171.1 ± 2.7 1 •C H O, CH C•HOH
2 2 5 3 -54.7±3.6 16
•CI 424.9 ± 2.8 1 •C H ClO, CH C•ClOH
3 2 4 3 –108.4 ± 8.8 1
•CHI 314.4 ± 3.3 1 •C H ClO, C•H CHClOH
2 2 4 2 –73.2 ± 8.8 1
•CH I 229.7 ± 8.4 1 •C H Cl O, C•H CCl OH
2 2 3 2 2 2 –99.6 ± 8.8 1
•C F, FC≡C•
2 460.0 ± 21.0 1 •C H O, C•H CH OH
2 5 2 2 –28.9 ± 9.3 16
•C Cl, ClC≡C•
2 568 ± 26 1 •C H O, oxiran-2-yl
2 3 149.8 ± 6.3 1
•C F , CF =C•F •C H O,CH =CHC•HOH 0 ± 8.4 1
2 3 2 –192.0 ± 8.4 1 3 5 2
•C F H, CF =C•H •C H O, CH CH C•HOH –81 ± 4 1
2 2 2 –92.9 ± 8.4 1 3 7 3 2
•C F H, CHF=C•F •C H O, (CH )C•HCH OH –78.7 ± 8.4 1
2 2 –50.6 ± 8.4 1 3 7 3 2
•CCl H, CHCl=C•Cl •C H O, HOCH CH C•H –66.9 ± 8.4 1
2 234.7 ± 8.4 1 3 7 2 2 2
•CClH , CH =C•Cl •C H O, (CH ) C•OH -96.4 1
2 2 >251 1 3 7 3 2
•C F , CF C•F •C H O, •CH CH(OH)CH –62.8 ± 11.7 1
2 5 3 2 –892.9 ± 4.2 1 3 7 2 3
•C HF , CF C•HF •C H O, •CH C(OH)(CH ) –147.3 ± 8.4 1
2 4 3 –680.8 ± 9.6 1 4 9 2 3 2
•C HF , CHF C•F •C H O , C•H OCH OOH 109.6 ± 4.2 1
2 4 2 2 -664.8 1 2 5 3 2 2
•C H F , CF C•H
2 2 3 3 2 –517.1 ± 8.4 1 PhCH•OH 29.3 ± 8.4 1
•C H F , CHF C•HF
2 2 3 2 -456.0 1 Ph2C•OH 152.3 ± 6.3 1
Molecular
•C H F , CH FC•F •C H O, CH OC•H 0 ± 4.2 1

2 2 3 2 2 -449.8 1 2 5 3 2
•C H F Cl, CF ClC•H •C H O, CH OC•HCH –57.7 ± 8.4 1
2 2 2 2 2 –310.9 ± 7.0 1 3 7 3 3
•C H F , CH C•F •C H O, CH CH OC•H –45.2 ± 8.4 1
2 3 2 3 2 –302.5 ± 8.4 1 3 7 3 2 2
•C H F , CHF C•H •C H O, C•H CH OCH –7.1 ± 4.2 1
2 3 2 2 2 -285.8 1 3 7 2 2 3


•C4H9O, (CH3)2CHOC•H2 –70.3 ± 7.1 1 •C2H3O3, C H2C(O)OOH
• -137.9 1
•C H O, CH CH OC•HCH –81.2 ± 4.2 1 •CHN 494.5 1
4 9 3 2 3 2
•C H O, C•H CH(CH )OCH –42.3 ± 3.8 1 •CH N=CH 263.6 ± 12.6 1
4 9 2 3 3 2 2
•C H O, (CH ) C•OCH –72.4 ± 10 1 •CH NH 151.9 ± 8.4 1
4 9 3 2 3 2 2
•C H O, (CH ) COC•H –102.5 ± 8.4 1 CH3C•HNH2 111.7 ± 8.4 1
5 11 3 3 2
•C H O , HOCH C•HOH –220.1 ± 8.4 1 (CH3)2C•NH2 69.9 ± 8.4 1
2 5 2 2
C•H=C=O, ketenyl 177.5 ± 8.8 1 •CH NHCH
2 3 156.6 1
HC•(O) 42.5 ± 0.5 1 •CH N(CH )
2 3 2 148.0 1
C•CO 381.2 ± 2.1 1 (C2H5)2NC•HCH3 68.6 ± 2.1 1
CH3C•(O) –10.3 ± 1.8 1 •CH N(CH )Ph
2 3 266.0 ± 12.6 1
CF3C•(O) -608.7 1 •CN 439.3 ± 2.9 1
CH2ClC•(O) –21 ± 12.6 1 •CH CN
2 252.6 ± 4 1
CHCl2C•(O) –17.6 ± 23 1 CH3C•HCN 226.7 ± 12.6 1
CCl3C•(O) -19.7 1 •CH CH CN
2 2 245.4 ± 12.6 1
CH3CH2C•(O) –31.7 ± 3.4 1 (CH3)2C•CN 190.4 ± 12.6 1
CH2CHC•(O) 88.5 1 Ph(CH3)C•CN 248.5 ± 8.4 1
CH2C(CH3)C•(O) 58.6 ± 16.7 1 NCC•HCH2CN 381.8 ± 12.6 1
CH3CH2CH2C•(O) 54.4 ± 4.2 1 •CH NC
2 334.7 ± 16.7 1
(CH3)2CHC•(O) –64.0 ± 3.8 1 •C(O)NC 210.0 ± 10 1
(CH3)3CC•(O) –102.9 ± 6.3 1 •C(O)NH
2 –15.1 ± 4 1
C6H5C•(O) 116.3 ± 10.9 1 C•NN 569 ± 21 1
HC(O)CH2• 10.5 ± 9.2 1 HC•NN 460 ± 8 1
ClC(O)CH2• –52.7 ± 13 1 H2C•NN 292.5 ± 2.1 1
E-C•HClC(O)H –27.2 ± 10.5 1 •CH NO
2 157 ± 4 1
Z-C•HClC(O)H –23.4 ± 10.5 1 •CH NO
2 2 115.1 ± 12.6 1
C•Cl2C(O)H –55.6 ± 14.2 1 CH3C•HNO2 61.9 ± 12.6 1
E-C•HClC(O)Cl –88.7 ± 15.1 1 (CH3)2C•NO2 6.3 ± 12.6 1
C•H2C(O)F –273.0 ± 5.8 1 PhC•HNO2 169.0 ± 12.6 1
Z-C•HClC(O)Cl –84.9 ± 13.8 1 •C H N, 3-NH -C H
6 6 2 6 4 320.1 1
C•Cl2C(O)Cl –101.7 ± 15.5 1 •C H N, 4-NH -C H
6 6 2 6 4 327.8 1
CH3C(O)CH2• –34 ± 3 1 •C H NO , 3-NO -C H
6 4 2 2 6 4 340.6 ± 10.0 1
CH3C(O)C•HCH3 –70.3 ± 7.1 1 •C H NO , 4-NO -C H
6 4 2 2 6 4 302.7 1
CH3C(O)C•=CH2 113.4 1 •C H CH , 2-Me-C H
6 4 3 6 4 315.1 ± 10.5 1
C2H5C(O)C•HCH3 –107.5 ± 20.9 1 •C H CH , 4-Me-C H
6 4 3 6 4 296.6 ± 9.6 1
iPrC(O)C•(CH3)2 –173.6 ± 20.9 1 •C H N O , 3,5-(NO ) -C H
6 3 2 4 2 2 6 3 305.4 1
tC4H9C(O)C•H2 –115.5 ± 12.6 1 •C H NO , 2-Me-4-NO -C H
7 6 2 2 6 3 295.4 ± 8.4 1
PhC(O)C•H2 84.5 ± 12.6 1 •C H N, pyrrol-2-yl
4 3 385.8 1
PhC(O)C•HCH3 41.4 ± 20.9 1 •C H N, pyrrol-3-yl
4 3 385.8 1
PhC•HC(O)CH2Ph 134.3 ± 20.9 1 •C H N, pyrrolidin-2-yl
4 8 142.7 ± 12.6 1
PhC(O)OC•H2 -69.9 1 •C H N, pyrid-2-yl
5 4 362.0 1
•C(O)OH-trans ≥–194.6 ± 2.9 1 •C H N, pyrid-3-yl
5 4 391.0 1
•C(O)OH-cis -219.7 1 •C H N, pyrid-4-yl
5 4 384.1 ± 8.4 12
•C(O)OCH -161.5 1 •C H N , piperad-2-yl 119.7 1
3 4 7 2
C•H2C(O)OH –248.9 ± 12.0 1 •C H N , pyrazin-2-yl
4 3 2 428.0 ± 2.5 12
C•H(CH3)C(O)OH –293 ± 3 1 •C H N , pyrimid-2-yl
4 3 2 388.0 ± 12.6 1
C•H2C(O)OCH3 –236.8 ± 8.4 1 •C4H3N2, pyrimid-3-yl 529.5 ± 3.3 12
C•H2C(O)OCH2CH3 –260.2 ± 12.6 1 •C H N , pyrimid-4-yl
4 3 2 409.0 ± 12.6 1
C•H2C(O)OPh -28.0 1 •C H N , pyrimid-5-yl
4 3 2 452.3 ± 3.3 12
•C H O, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl –18.0 ± 6.3 1 •C3H2N3, pyrimid-5-yl 459.0 ± 3.3 12
4 7
•C H O, cyclopentanon-2-yl –41.8 ± 12.6 1 •CH(NO ) 139.1 1
4 8 2 2
•C H O , 1,4-dioxan-2-yl –131.8 ± 12.6 1 •C(NO ) 201.2 1
4 7 2 2 3
•C H O , 2-C(O)OH-•C H -33.0 1 •CH C(NO ) 150.6 1
7 5 2 6 4 2 2 3
•C H O , 3-C(O)OH-•C H -35.0 1 •CH CH(NO ) 103.3 1
7 5 2 6 4 2 2 2
•C H O , 4-C(O)OH-•C H -36.0 1 •CH CH C(NO ) 133.9 1
7 5 2 6 4 2 2 2 3
•CH O , C•H OOH 66.1 1 •CH N(NO )CH C(NO ) 173.6 1
3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
•C H O , C•H CH OOH 46.0 ± 4.6 1 •CH N(NO )CH CH(NO ) 126.4 1
2 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
•C H O , CH CH•OOH 26.9 1 •CH CH N(NO )CH C(NO ) 168.6 1
2 5 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3
Molecular
•C H O , CH CH•CH OOH 10.9 ± 5.4 1 •CH CH ONO 37.7 1

3 7 2 3 2 2 2 2
•C H O , C•H CH(OOH)CH 2.9 ± 6.3 1 •CH (ONO )CHCH ONO -25.5 1
3 7 2 2 3 2 2 2 2
•C H O , (CH ) C•CH OOH –30.1 ± 5.4 1 •CH(CH ONO ) -57.3 1
4 9 2 3 2 2 2 2 2
•C H O , C•H C(CH ) OOH –26.8 ± 5.4 1 •CH C(CH ONO ) -158.2 1
4 9 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3


•CH2NHNO2 164.8 1 nC3H7O• –38.3 ± 9.6 16
•CH N(NO )CH 149.4 1 iC3H7O• –48.5 ± 3.3 1
2 2 3
•CH N(NO ) 210.5 1 (CH3)2CClO• –108.4 ± 8.4 1
2 2 2
•CH CH N(NO )CH 144.3 1 nC4H9O• -62.8 1
2 2 2 3
•CH N(NO )CH N(NO )CH 202.1 1 sC4H9O• -69.5 1
2 2 2 2 3
•CH N(NO )(CH )N(NO )CH 173.2 1 tC4H9O• –85.8 ± 3.8 1
2 2 2 2 3
C•(S)H 300.4 ± 8.4 1 CH2=CHCH2O• 87.0 1
•CH SH 151.9 ± 8.4 1 C6H5O• 48.5 ± 2.9 1
2
•CH SCH 136.8 ± 5.9 1 o-Cl-C6H4O• 30.6 1
2 3
•CH SPh 268.6 ± 12.6 1 C6Cl5O• ~63 1
2
•CH SOCH 23.8 ± 12.6 1 p-Cl-C6H4O• ~9 1
2 3
HOC•(S)S 110.5 1 o-OH-C6H4O• -186.3 1
•CH SO CH –177.0 ± 12.6 1 p-OH-C6H4O• -143.6 1
2 2 3
•CH SO Ph –57.3 ± 12.6 1 o-CH3O-C6H4O• -125.5 1
2 2
PhC•HSO2CH3 –109.2 ± 12.6 1 p-CH3O-C6H4O• -81.1 1
PhC•HSO2Ph 7 ± 12.6 1 C6H5CH2O• 136.0 ± 12.6 1
Ph2C•SO2Ph 102 ± 12.6 1 C10H7O•, naphthoxy-1 165.3 1
Ph2C•SPh 435.6 ± 12.6 1 C10H7O•, naphthoxy-2 174.1 1
NC•(O) 127.2 1 HC(O)O• –129.7 ± 12.6 1
•CNH 207.9 ± 12.1 1 FC(O)O• 368.0 1
•CNO 323 ± 30 1 CH3C(O)O• –179.9 ± 12.6 1
•CH SiMe –32 ± 6 1 CF3C(O)O• -797.0 1
2 3
•CH C(CH ) SiMe -125 1 CF3OC(O)O• –958.1 ± 16.7 1
2 3 2 3
•CP 450 ± 9 1 C6H5C(O)O• –50.2 ± 16.7 1
CH3OO• 20.1 ± 5.1 1
(2) Oxygen-Centered Species
C2H3OO•, CH2=CHOO• 101.7 ± 1.7 1
HO• 37.50 ± 0.03 14 C2H5OO• –25.5 ± 5.6 16
FO• 109 ± 10 1 C3H5OO•, CH2=CHCH2OO• 88.7 1
ClO• 101.63 ± 0.1 1 nC3H7OO• -43.6±2.1 16
BrO• 126.2 ± 1.7 1 iC3H7OO• –65.4 ± 11.3 1
IO• 115.9 ± 5.0 1 C4H7OO•, CH3CH=CHCH2OO• 82.6 ± 5.3 1
HOO• 12.27 ± 0.16 14 nC4H9OO• -65.7±3.6 16
FOO• 25.4 ± 2 1 tC4H9OO• –109.7 ± 3.9 8
ClOO• 98.0 ± 4 1 neo-C5H11OO• -115.5 1
BrOO• 108 ± 40 1 HOCH2OO• -162.1 1
IOO• 96.6 ± 15 1 HOOCH2CH2OO• 100 1
OFO• 378.6 ± 20 1 C6H5CH2OO• 114.6 ± 4.2 1
OClO• 95.4 1 c-C6H11OO• –25.0 ± 10.5 1
ClOOClO• 142 ± 12 1 (C2H5)N(CH3)CHOO• –36.0 ± 12.6 1
ClClO• 90 ± 30 1 CF3OO• -635.0 1
NCO• 184.1 1 CF2ClOO• –406.7 ± 14.6 1
CNO• 386.6 1 CFCl2OO• -213.7 1
HONNO• 172 1 CH2ClOO• –5.1 ± 13.6 1
sym-ClO3 217.2 ± 21 1 CHCl2OO• –19.2 ± 11.2 1
HSO• –21.8 ± 2.1 1 CCl3OO• –20.9 ± 8.9 1
HSOO• 112 1 CH3CHClOO• –54.7 ± 3.4 1
CH3SOO• 76 1 CH3CCl2OO• –63.8 ± 9.8 1
CF3SO2O• -912 1 CH3OCH2OO• –142.2 ± 4.2 1
NCO• 184.0 1 CH3C(O)CH2OO• –142.1 ± 4 1
O2NO• 73.7 ± 1.4 1 cis-HC(O)OO* 85.8 ± 14.6 7
ONOO• 82.8 1 trans-HC(O)OO* 95.4 ± 14.6 7
HOS(O)2O• -511.7 1 CH3C(O)OO• –154.4 ± 5.8 1
CH3O• 21.0 ± 2.1 1 HOOO• 19.3 ± 0.5 9
CF3O• –635.1 ± 7.1 1 CH3OOO• 33.4 ± 12.6 1
CCl3O• –38.1 ± 9.2 1 C2H5OOO• 5.4 ± 12.6 1
CH2ClO• –21.3 ± 9.2 1
CHCl2O• –32.2 ± 9.2 1 (3) Nitrogen-Centered Species
CH2=CH-O• 18.4 ± 1.3 1 ON 91.09 ± 0.06 14
Molecular
CF3CHFO• -851.0 1 NO2 34.02 ± 0.07 14

C2H5O• –13.6 ± 3.3 1 N2O 82.05 ± 0.4 1
CH3CHClO• –61.9 ± 12.1 1 NH 358.8 ± 0.2 14
CH3CCl2O• –91.6 ± 11.7 1 •NH
2 186.1 ± 0.2 14


•NNH 249.5 1 CH3S O2
• -239.3 1
•NCO 131.8 1 HSS• 115.5 ± 14.6 1
•N 414.2 ± 20.9 1 CH3SS• 68.6 ± 8.4 1
3
•N H 243.5 1 C2H5SS• 43.5 ± 8.4 1
2 3
(Z)-N2H2 213.0 ± 10.9 1 iC3H7SS• 13.8 ± 8.4 1
NF 209.2 1 tC4H9SS• –19.2 ± 8.4 1
•NF 42.3 ± 8 1 HOC(S)S• 110.5 ± 4.6 1
2
•NHF 112 ± 15 1 HC(O)S• 56.5 1
NBr 301 ± 21 1 SF 13.0 ± 6.3 1
HNO 107.1 ± 2.5 1 SF2 –296.7 ± 16.7 1
FNO –65.7 ± 1.7 1 SF3 –503.0 ± 33.5 1
ClNO 51.71 ± 0.42 1 SF4 –763.2 ± 20.9 1
BrNO 82.13 ± 0.8 1 SF5 –879.9 ± 15.1 1
INO 112.1 ± 20.9 1 ClS• 156.5 ± 16.7 1
NCO 120.9 1 SN 263.6 ± 105 1
NCN 464.8 ± 2.9 1 SCl 156.5 ± 16.7 1
NSi 372 ± 63 1
(5) Si-, Ge-, Sn-, Pb-Centered Species
NH2C(O)N•H 0.8 ± 12.6 1
CH3C(O)N•H –6.7 ± 12.6 1 SiF –20.1 ± 12.6 1
NH2C(S)N•H 194 ± 12.6 1 SiF2 –638 ± 6 1
•SiF –987 ± 20 1
CH3C(S)N•H 173 ± 12.6 1 3
PhC(S)N•H 307 ± 12.6 1 SiCl 198.3 ± 6.7 1

HCON•H 49.8 ± 12.6 1 SiCl2 –169 ± 3 1
•SiCl 321 ± 8 6
NH2C(NH)N•H 250.6 ± 12.6 1 3
•NHCN 319.2 ± 2.9 1 SiBr 235 ± 46 1

CH2N•H 104.6 ± 12.6 1 SiBr2 46 ± 8 1
•SiBr –201.7 ± 63 1
CH3N•H 184.1 ± 8.4 1 3
tBuN•H 95.4 ± 12.6 1 SiI 313.8 ± 42 1

C6H5CH2N•H 288.3 ± 12.6 1 SiI2 92.5 ± 8.4 1
•SiI 35.3 ± 63 1
C6H5N•H 244.3 ± 4.2 1 3
(CH3)2N• 158.2 ± 4.2 1 SiH 376.6 ± 8.4 1

(C6H5)(CH3)N• 241.0 ± 6.3 1 SiH2(1A1) 273 ± 2 1
(C6H5)2N• 366.0 ± 6.3 1 SiH2(3B1) 360.7 1
•SiH 200.4 ± 2.5 1
1-pyrrolyl 269.2 ± 12.6 1 3
1-pyrazolyl 413.0 ± 2.1 1 MeSi•H2 141 ± 6 1

carbazol-9-yl 383.3 ± 8.4 1 Me2Si•H 78 ± 6 1
CH3N2• 215.5 ± 7.5 1 Me3Si• 15 ± 7 1
•Si H ~402 1
C2H5N2• 187.4 ± 10.5 1 2 3
iC3H7N2• 146.0 ± 8.4 1 H3SiSi•H2 234 ± 6 1

nC4H9N2• 140.6 ± 8.4 1 C6H5Si•H2 274 1
tC4H9N2• 97.5 ± 4.2 1 H3SiSi•H 312 ± 8 1
(NO2)HN• 162.3 1 MeSi• 302.2 1
(CH3)(NO2)N• 139.0 1 MeSi•H 202 ± 6 1
(NO2)2N• 200.0 1 Me2Si•• 135 ± 8 1
CH3N•CH2N(NO2)CH3 185.4 1 SiN 313.8 ± 42 1
•GeH 221.8 ± 8.4 1
3
(4) Sulfur-Centered Species GeF –71 ± 10 1
HOS• –6.7 ± 2.1 1 GeF2 –574 ± 20 1
HC(O)S• 56.5 1 •GeF
3 –807 ± 50 1
HS•O2 -221.8 1 GeCl 69 ± 18 1
HOS•O2 -384.9 1 GeCl2 –171 ± 5 1
NCS• 300 ± 8 1 •GeCl
3 –268 ± 50 1
HS• 143.0 ± 0.8 1 GeBr 137 ± 5 1
CH3S• 124.7 ± 1.7 1 GeBr2 –61 ± 5 1
C2H5S• 101 1 •GeBr
3 –119 ± 50 1
nC3H7S• 80 1 GeI 211 ± 25 1
iC3H7S• 74.9 ± 8.4 1 GeI2 50.2 ± 4 1
tC4H9S• 43.9 ± 8.4 1 •GeI 42 ± 50 1
Molecular
3
C6H5S• 242.7 ± 4.6 1 SnF –95 ± 7.2 1
C6Cl5S• ~184 1 SnF2 –511 ± 9.2 1
C6H5CH2S• 246 1 •SnF
3 –647 ± 50 1
CH3S•O –67 ± 10 1 SnCl 35 ± 12 1


SnCl2 –202.6 ± 7.1 1 PbF2 –435.1 ± 8.4 1
•SnCl –292 ± 50 1 •PbF –490 ± 60 1
3 3
SnBr 76 ± 12 1 PbCl 15.1 ± 50 1
SnBr2 –119 ± 2.8 1 PbCl2 –174.1 ± 1.3 1
•SnBr –159 ± 50 1 •PbCl –178 ± 80 1
3 3
SnI 173 ± 12 1 PbBr 70.9 ± 42 1
SnI2 –8.1 ± 4.2 1 PbBr2 –104.4 ± 6.3 1
•SnI –8 ± 50 1 •PbBr –104 ± 80 1
3 3
•Sn(CH ) 116.6 ± 9.7 10 PbI 107.4 ± 37.7 1
3 3
•Sn(C H ) 518.8 ± 21 1 PbI2 –3.2 ± 4.2 1
6 5 3
PbH 236.2 ± 19.2 1 •PbI
3 22 ± 80 1
PbF –80.3 ± 10.5 1
References
1. Luo, Y. R., Comprehensive Handbook of Chemical Bond Energies, 10. Da’valos, J. Z., Herrero, R., Shuman, N. S., and Baer, T., J. Phys.
CRC Press, Boca, Raton, FL, 2007. Chem. A 115, 402, 2011.
2. Wheeler, S. E., Robertson, K. A., Allen, W. D., Schaefer III, H. F., 11. Stevens, W. R., Ruscic, B., and Baer, T., J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 13134,
Bomble, Y. J., and Stanton, J. F., J. Phys. Chem. A 111, 3819, 2007. 2010.
3. Seetula, J. A., and Eskola, A. J., Chem. Phys. 351, 141, 2008. 12. Wren, S. W., Vogelhuber, K. M., Garver, J. M., Kato, S., Sheps, L.,
4. Denis, P. A., and Ornellas, F. R., J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 499, 2009. Bierbaum, V. M., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134,
5. Gao, Y., DeYonker, N. J., Garrett III, E. C., Wilson, A. K., Cundari, T. 6584, 2012.
R., and Marshall, P., J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 6955, 2009. 13. Harvey, J., Bodi, A., Tuckett, R. P., and Sztáray, B., Phys. Chem.
6. Shuman, N. S., Spencer, A. P., and Baer, T., J. Phys. Chem. A 113, Chem. Phys., 14, 3935, 2012.
9458, 2009. 14. Ruscic, B., Active Thermochemical Table, http://atct.anl.gov/index.
7. Villano, S. M., Eyet, N., Wren, S. W., Ellison, G. B., Bierbaum, V. M., html, Dec. 16, 2010.
and Lineberger, W. C., J. Phys. Chem. A 114, 191, 2010. 15. Tian, Z., Lis, L., and Kass, S. R., J. Org. Chem. 78, 12650, 2013.
8. Shuman, N. S., Bodi, A., and Baer, T., J. Phys. Chem. A 114, 232, 16. Bukke, S. M., Simmie, J. M., and Curran, H. J., J. Phys. Chem. Ref.
2010. Data 44, 013101, 2015.
9. Le Picard, S. D., Tizniti, M., Canosa, A., Sims, I. R., and Smith, I. W. 17. Rossi, M. J., Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 40, 395–415, 2008.
M., Science 328, 1258, 2020.
TABLE 5. Bond Dissociation Energies of Some Organic Molecules

Dº298(R-X)/kJ mol–1 of some organic compounds are listed below. All data are from Tables 1 and 3.
X=H F Cl Br I OH OCH3 NH2 NO CH3 COCH3 CF3 CCl3
R=H 435.7799 569.658 431.361 366.16 298.26 497.10 440.2 450.08 199.5 439.3 374.0 445.2 392.5
CH3 439.3 460.2 350.2 294.1 238.9 384.93 351.9 356.1 172.0 377.4 351.9 429.3 362.3
C2H5 420.5 447.4 352.3 292.9 233.5 391.2 355.2 355.2 171.5 370.3 347.3 — —
i-C3H7 410.5 483.8 354.8 295.1 233.1 397.9 360.7 357.7 152.7 369.0 340.2 — —
t-C4H9 400.4 495.8 351.9 292.9 227.2 398.3 353.1 355.6 167 363.6 329.3 — —
C6H5 433.9 525.5 399.6 336.4 272.0 470.7 425.9 436.4 226.8 433.9 413.8 470.3 395.8
C6H5CH2 375.5 412.8 299.9 239.3 187.8 334.1 — 306.7 123 325.1 299.7 365.7 —
CCl3 392.5 439.2 288.7 231.4 168 — — — 125 362.3 — 332.2 285.8
CF3 445.2 546.8 362.7 296.2 227.2 ≤482.0 — — 167 429.3 — 413.0 332.2
C2F5 429.7 532.2 346.0 283.3 219.2 — — — — — — 424.3 —
CH3CO 374.0 511.7 354.0 292.0 223.0 459.4 424.3 414.6 — 351.9 307.1 — —
CN 528.5 482.8 422.6 364.8 320.1 — — — 204.4 521.7 — 469.0 —
C6F5 487.4 485 383.3 ~328 <301.7 446.9 — — 211.3 439.3 — 435.1 —
TABLE 6. Bond Dissociation Energies in Diatomic Cations

From thermochemistry, we have

D º298(A+–B) = Δf Hº(A+) + Δf Hº(B) – Δf Hº(AB+) = Dº298(A –B) + IP(A) – IP(AB)
Thus, Dº298(A+ -B) may be derived using Table 1 and the ionization potentials of species A and AB. The following table has been
arranged in an alphabetical order of the atoms. The boldface in the species indicates the dissociated fragment.
Molecular

A+–B Dº298 / kJ mol–1 Ref. A+–B Dº298 / kJ mol–1 Ref. A+–B Dº298 / kJ mol–1 Ref.
Ac+–S 465 ± 48 20 Bi –Bi
+ 199 ± 10 1 Cm+–S 455 ± 16 20
Ag+–Ag 167.9 ± 8.7 1 Bi+–O 174 1 Co+–Ar 52.89 ± 0.06 1
Ag+–Cl 32 ± 30 1 Bi+–S 179 ± 50 1 Co+–Br >289 1
Ag+–F 24 ± 27 1 Bi+–Se 184 ± 29 1 Co+–C 351 ± 29 1
Ag+–H 43.5 ± 5.9 1 Bi+–Te 125 ± 50 1 Co+–Cl 285 ± 12 1
Ag+–O 123 ± 5 1 Bi+–Tl 100 ± 42 1 Co+–Co 269 1
Ag+–S 138.8 ± 11.6 21 Bk+–O 610 1 Co+–D 199.6 ± 5.8 1
Al+–Al 121 1 Br+–Br 318.858 ± 0.024 1 Co+–H 195 ± 6 1
Al+–Ar 15.47 1 Br+–C 451.5 ± 8.6 1 Co+–He 16.4 ± 0.4 1
Al+–Ca 148.5 1 Br+–Cl 303.000 ± 0.048 1 Co+–I 211.7 ± 8.4 1
Al+–Cl 173 ± 42 1 Br+–F 251.5 ± 12.6 1 Co+–Kr 68.37 ± 0.18 1
Al+–F 314 ± 21 1 Br+–H 379.26 ± 2.89 1 Co+–Ne 12.8 ± 0.4 1
Al+–Kr 5.54 1 Br+–O 365.7 ± 3.1 1 Co+–O 317.3 ± 4.8 1
Al+–O 166.7 ± 12.0 1 C+–Ar 72.3 1 Co+–S 288.3 ± 8.7 1
Al+–Se 114 ± 49 1 C+–Br 398 ± 8.6 1 Co+–Si 317.1 ± 6.7 1
Am+–O 560 ± 28 14 C+–C 601.9 ± 19.3 1 Co+–Xe 85.7 ± 6.8 1
Am+–S 334 ± 27 20 C+–Cl 614 1 Cr+–Ar 31.7 ± 3.9 1
Ar+–Ar 130.323 ± 0.087 1 C+–F 721 ± 40 1 Cr+–C 277 ± 24 1
Ar+–He 2.9 ± 0.8 1 C+–H 397.848 ± 0.013 1 Cr+–Cl >211 1
Ar+–Ne 7.5 ± 0.8 1 C+–N 524.5 ± 4.2 1 Cr+–Cr 129 1
As+–As 364 ± 22 1 C+–O 810.7 ± 0.8 1 Cr+–D 135 ± 9 1
As+–H 290.8 ± 3.0 1 C+–P 587 ± 50 1 Cr+–F 279 ± 42 1
As+–O 495 1 C+–S 706.6 ± 2.1 1 Cr+–H 136 ± 9 1
As+–P 367 ± 59 1 C+–Se 587 ± 50 1 Cr+–He 7.8 ± 0.4 1
As+–S 433.2 ± 12.5 1 Ca+–Al 144.7 1 Cr+–Ne 9.5 ± 0.4 1
Au+–Al 170 ± 30 1 Ca+–Ar 12.99 ± 0.60 1 Cr+–O 359 1
Au+–Au 234.5 1 Ca+–Au 306 ± 29 1 Cr+–S 258.6 ± 16.4 1
Au+–B 329 ± 50 1 Ca+–Br 417.6 ± 10 1 Cr+–Si 203 ± 15 1
Au+–Be 401 ± 29 1 Ca+–Ca 104.1 1 Cr+–Xe 71.9 ± 10.0 1
Au+–C 311.5 ± 7.7 4 Ca+–Cl 433.4 ± 12 1 Cs+–Ar 8.2 1
Au+–F 79 1 Ca+–F 556.5 ± 8.4 1 Cs+–Br 60.5 ± 10 1
Au+–Ge 292 ± 24 1 Ca+–H 284.2 ± 10 1 Cs+–Cl 107.4 ± 10 1
Au+–H 209.2 ± 10.6 18 Ca+–I 293.7 ± 10.8 1 Cs+–Cs 62.6 ± 9.6 1
Au+–I 230~280 1 Ca+–Kr 18.60 ± 0.72 1 Cs+–F 43.7 ± 10 1
Au+–O 111.8 ± 7.7 19 Ca+–Ne 4.95 ± 0.06 1 Cs+–He 5.1 1
Au+–Xe 130 ± 13 1 Ca+–O 348 ± 5 1 Cs+–I 29.3 ± 10 1
B+–Ar 32.7 1 Ca+–Xe 25.38 ± 0.96 1 Cs+–Kr 15.1 1
B+–B 187 1 Cd+–Cd 122.5 ± 10 1 Cs+–Na 48.1 ± 4.2 1
B+–Br 164 ± 21 1 Cd+–H 179.5 1 Cs+–Ne 6.11 1
B+–C 284 ± 58 1 Ce+–Au 278 ± 34 1 Cs+–O 59 1
B+–Cl 308 ± 21 1 Ce+–Br 341.0 1 Cs+–Rb 68.3 ± 10 1
B+–F 460 ± 10 1 Ce+–C 254 ± 96 1 Cs+–Xe 14.7 1
B+–H 198 ± 5 1 Ce+–Ce 207 ± 42 1 Cu+–Ar 51.9 ± 6.8 1
B+–O 326 ± 48 1 Ce+–Cl 429.5 1 Cu+–Cl 91 ± 10 1
B+–Pt 314 ± 98 1 Ce+–F 586 ± 63 1 Cu+–Cu 155.2 ± 7.7 1
B+–Se 298 ± 98 1 Ce+–I 295.5 1 Cu+–F 117 ± 21 1
B+–Si 365 ± 15 1 Ce+–Ir 530 ± 96 1 Cu+–Ge 231 ± 23 1
Ba+–Ar 11.85 1 Ce+–N 494 ± 63 1 Cu+–H 93 ± 13 1
Ba+–Br 418 ± 10 1 Ce+–O 852 ± 15 1 Cu+–Kr 24.3 ± 0.8 1
Ba+–Cl 468.2 ± 10 1 Ce+–Pd 255 ± 53 1 Cu+–O 133.9 ± 11.6 1
Ba+–D 245.2 ± 9.6 1 Ce+–Pt 467 ± 96 1 Cu+–S 203.3 ± 14.5 1
Ba+–F 640 ± 29 1 Ce+–Rh 423 ± 96 1 Cu+–Si 260 ± 8 1
Ba+–I 335 ± 10 1 Ce+–S 524 ± 59 1 Cu+–Xe 102.1 ± 5.8 1
Ba+–O 441.4 ± 15 1 Cl+–Ar 169 1 D+–D 263.4405 ± 0.0003 1
Be+–Ar 49.0 ± 2.4 1 Cl+–Cl 385.746 ± 0.096 6 Dy+–Br 324.2 1
Be+–Au 410 ± 29 1 Cl+–D 457.284 ± 0.017 1 Dy+–Cl 407.9 1
Be+–Be 196 ± 0.5 8 Cl+–F 291 ± 10 1 Dy+–Cu 196 ± 42 1
Molecular
Be+–Cl 417 ± 50 1 Cl+–H 452.714 ± 0.018 1 Dy+–F 535 ± 24 1

Be+–F 575 ± 98 1 Cl+–N 650 ± 10 1 Dy+–I 279.9 1
Be+–H 307.3 ± 5.0 1 Cl+–O 468.0 ± 2.1 1 Dy+–O 597 ± 15 1
Be+–O 362.0 ± 6.2 1 Cm+–O 670 ± 38 14 Er+–Br 315.8 1

Er –Cl
+ 406.7 1 Ge+–Se 234 ± 10 1 La+–Au 436 ± 97 1
Er+–F 546 ± 34 1 Ge+–Si 268 ± 21 1 La+–Br 425.9 1
Er+–I 271.6 1 Ge+–Te 233 ± 19 1 La+–C 427 ± 33 1
Er+–O 583 ± 15 1 H+–D 261.1021 ± 0.0002 1 La+–Cl 503.6 1
Es+–O 470 ± 60 1 H+–H 259.4659 ± 0.0002 1 La+–F 589 ± 34 1
Eu+–Ag 85 ± 50 1 He+–H 123.9 1 La+–H 243 ± 9 1
Eu+–Au 252 ± 97 1 He+–He 229.687 ± 0.019 1 La+–I 392.4 1
Eu+–Br 333.8 1 Hf+–C 311.5 ± 2.9 10 La+–Ir 356 ± 97 1
Eu+–Cl 430.7 1 Hf+–H 207.3 ± 7.7 17 La+–O 875 ± 25 1
Eu+–F 543 ± 29 1 Hf+–O 670.4 ± 10.6 10 La+–Pt 522 ± 78 1
Eu+–I 290.7 1 Hg+–Ar 22.2 ± 1.2 1 La+–Rh 345 ± 97 1
Eu+–O 393 ± 15 1 Hg+–H 207 1 La+–S 629 ± 96 1
Eu+–S 257 ± 32 1 Hg+–Hg 134 1 La+–Si 277.0 ± 9.6 1
F+–Ar 161.1 1 Hg+–Kr 37.9 ± 1.3 1 Li+–Ar 33 ± 14 1
F+–F 325.393 ± 0.096 1 Hg+–Xe 72.2 ± 1.3 1 Li+–Bi 91 ± 50 1
F+–He 181.62 ± 0.08 1 Ho+–Ag 155 ± 61 1 Li+–Br 41.8 ± 10.6 1
F+–Kr 152.4 1 Ho+–Au 250 ± 60 1 Li+–Cl 66 ± 15 1
F+–Xe 188 1 Ho+–Br 320.6 1 Li+–F 7 ± 21 1
Fe+–Ar 14.2 ± 7.7 1 Ho+–Cl 410.3 1 Li+–He 10.66 1
Fe+–Br >293 1 Ho+–Cu 214 ± 35 1 Li+–I 51.1 ± 6.3 1
Fe+–C 402.0 ± 4.2 16 Ho+–F 542 ± 50 1 Li+–Kr 48.1 1
Fe+–Cl >343 1 Ho+–Ho 88 ± 96 1 Li+–Li 137.3 ± 6.3 1
Fe+–Co 259 ± 21 1 Ho+–I 270.4 1 Li+–Ne 15.32 1
Fe+–Cr 209 ± 29 1 Ho+–O 551 ± 25 1 Li+–O 38.9 ± 9.6 1
Fe+–Cu 222 ± 29 1 I+–Br 184.90 ± 0.02 1 Li+–Sb 129.6 ± 13.9 1
Fe+–D 227 1 I+–Cl 247.5 ± 0.4 1 Li+–Xe 56.4 1
Fe+–F 360–423 1 I+–F 262.9 ± 2.1 1 Lu+–Br 86.1 1
Fe+–Fe 272 1 I+–H 304.70 ± 0.10 1 Lu+–Cl 180.6 1
Fe+–H 211.2 ± 9.6 1 I+–I 262.90 ± 0.04 1 Lu+–F 376.8 1
Fe+–I >239 1 I+–O 316.3 ± 10.5 1 Lu+–H 204 ± 15 1
Fe+–Kr 33.5 ± 6.7 1 In+–Br 65.2 ± 12.6 1 Lu+–I 40.7 1
Fe+–N 485 1 In+–Cl 193 ± 21 1 Lu+–O 524 ± 15 1
Fe+–Nb 285 ± 21 1 In+–F 148 ± 50 1 Lu+–Si 107 ± 13 1
Fe+–Ni 268 ± 21 1 In+–I 51.5 ± 21 1 Mg+–Ar 19.20 1
Fe+–O 343.3 ± 1.9 13 In+–In 81 ± 30 1 Mg+–Au 267 ± 29 1
Fe+–S 295.2 ± 5.8 1 In+–S 171 ± 50 1 Mg+–Cl 327 ± 6.5 1
Fe+–Sc 200 ± 21 1 In+–Sb 73 ± 50 1 Mg+–D 203.6 ± 0.8 1
Fe+–Si 277 ± 9 1 In+–Se 118 ± 50 1 Mg+–F 477 ± 50 1
Fe+–Ta 301 ± 21 1 In+–Te 41 ± 50 1 Mg+–H 190.8 ± 5.8 1
Fe+–Ti 251 ± 25 1 Ir+–C 635.8 ± 4.8 3 Mg+–Kr 25.39 1
Fe+–V 314 ± 21 1 Ir+–D 302.8 ± 5.8 1 Mg+–Mg 125 1
Fe+–Xe 46.0 ± 5.8 1 Ir+–H 305.7 ± 5.8 1 Mg+–Ne 4.9 ± 0.6 1
Ga+–Bi 62 ± 98 1 Ir+–O 411.0 ± 8.7 24 Mg+–O 245.2 ± 10 1
Ga+–Br 56.5 ± 16 1 K+–Ar 14 ± 7 1 Mg+–Xe 53.74 1
Ga+–Cl 86 ± 21 1 K+–Br 35.7 ± 10.5 1 Mn+–Cl >211 1
Ga+–F 136 ± 15 1 K+–Cl 51 ± 19 1 Mn+–F 321 ± 24 1
Ga+–Ga 126.3 1 K+–He 6.00 1 Mn+–H 202.5 ± 5.9 1
Ga+–I 41.6 ± 15 1 K+–I 18 ± 45 1 Mn+–I >211 1
Ga+–O 46 ± 50 1 K+–K 83.86 ± 0.15 1 Mn+–Mn 129 1
Ga+–Sb 38 ± 96 1 K+–Kr 15.8 1 Mn+–O 285 ± 13 1
Ga+–Te 19 ± 29 1 K+–Li 59.9 ± 5.9 1 Mn+–S 247 ± 23 1
Gd+–Cd 122.5 ± 10 1 K+–Na 58.69 ± 0.08 1 Mn+–Se 165 ± 50 1
Gd+–H 179.5 1 K+–Ne 7.79 1 Mo+–C 442.7 ± 13.5 1
Ge+–Br 398 ± 42 1 K+–O 13 1 Mo+–F 376 ± 29 1
Ge+–C 223 ± 31 1 K+–Xe 19.5 1 Mo+–H 170 ± 6 1
Ge+–Cl 473 ± 50 1 Kr+–Ar 55.31 ± 0.14 1 Mo+–Mo 449.4 ± 1.0 1
Ge+–F 565 ± 21 1 Kr+–H 464 1 Mo+–O 488.2 ± 1.9 1
Molecular
Ge+–Ge 274 ± 10 1 Kr+–He 2.1 ± 0.8 1 Mo+–S 355.1 ± 5.8 1

Ge+–H 377 ± 84 1 Kr+–Kr 110.967 ± 0.033 1 Mo+–Xe >53.1 ± 6.8 1
Ge+–O 344 ± 21 1 Kr+–N 136.9 ± 13 1 N+–Ar 208.4 ± 9.6 1
Ge+–S 283 ± 21 1 Kr+–Ne 3.8 ± 0.8 1 N+–F 584 ± 42 1

N –H
+ ≥435.67 ± 0.77 1 P –H
+ 329.6 ± 2.1 1 S –C
+ 620.8 ± 1.3 1
N+–N 843.85 ± 0.10 1 P+–N 483 ± 21 1 S+–F 343.5 ± 4.8 1
N+–O 115 1 P+–O 791.3 ± 8.4 1 S+–H 348.2 ± 1.7 1
Na+–Ar 19 ± 8 1 P+–P 481 ± 50 1 S+–N 516 ± 34 1
Na+–Br 58.2 ± 10.6 1 P+–S 606 ± 34 1 S+–O 524.3 ± 0.4 1
Na+–Cl 20.3 ± 10 1 Pa+–O 800 ± 50 14 S+–P 573 ± 21 1
Na+–He 7.55 1 Pa+–S 525 ± 86 20 S+–S 522.4 ± 0.5 1
Na+–I 64.9 ± 3.0 1 Pb+–Br 260 ± 63 1 Sc+–C 326 ± 6 1
Na+–Kr ~24.9 1 Pb+–Cl 285 ± 63 1 Sc+–Cl 410 ± 42 1
Na+–Li 95.8 ± 3.9 1 Pb+–F 347 ± 32 1 Sc+–F 605 ± 32 1
Na+–Na 98.64 ± 0.29 1 Pb+–O 247 ± 8.4 1 Sc+–Fe 201 ± 21 1
Na+–Na 6.4 1 Pb+–Pb 214 ± 29 1 Sc+–H 235 ± 8 1
Na+–Ne ~9.04 1 Pb+–S 227.7 ± 10.6 12 Sc+–O 689 ± 5 1
Na+–O 37 ± 19 1 Pb+–Se 169.4 ± 6.3 1 Sc+–S 529.7 ± 17.4 1
Na+–Xe ~28.6 1 Pb+–Te 163 ± 63 1 Sc+–Se 475.8 ± 8.4 1
Nb+–Ar 40.87 ± 0.13 1 Pd+–C 528 ± 5 1 Sc+–Si 242.3 ± 10.5 1
Nb+–C 509 ± 15 1 Pd+–H 208.4 ± 8.7 1 Se+–F 364 ± 42 1
Nb+–Fe >251 1 Pd+–O 145 ± 11 1 Se+–H 304 1
Nb+–H 220 ± 7 1 Pd+–Pd 197 ± 29 1 Se+–P 514 ± 25 1
Nb+–Nb 576.8 ± 9.6 1 Pd+–S 197 ± 6 1 Se+–S 392 ± 19 1
Nb+–O 688 ± 11 1 Pd+–Si 289 ± 50 1 Se+–Se 413 ± 19 1
Nb+–S 501.7 ± 20.3 1 Pr+–Au 317 ± 81 1 Si+–Au 175 ± 50 1
Nb+–V 404.7 ± 0.2 1 Pr+–Br 357.7 1 Si+–B 351 ± 15 1
Nb+–Xe 73.28 ± 0.12 1 Pr+–Cl 445.0 1 Si+–Br 276 ± 96 1
Nd+–Au 267 ± 84 1 Pr+–F 557 ± 63 1 Si+–C 365 ± 50 1
Nd+–Br 352.9 1 Pr+–I 317.0 1 Si+–Cl 591.0 ± 0.6 1
Nd+–Cl 441.4 1 Pr+–O 796 ± 15 1 Si+–F 684.1 ± 5.4 1
Nd+–F 309.6 1 Pt+–Ar 36.4 ± 8.7 1 Si+–H 316.6 ± 2.1 1
Nd+–I 596 ± 32 1 Pt+–B 398 ± 105 1 Si+–O 478 ± 13.4 1
Nd+–O 753 ± 15 1 Pt+–C 530.5 ± 4.8 1 Si+–P 272 ± 50 1
Ne+–H 1239 1 Pt+–Cl 249.8 ± 14.5 1 Si+–Pd 237 ± 50 1
Ne+–He 13.0 ± 0.8 1 Pt+–H 275 ± 5 1 Si+–Pt 525 ± 50 1
Ne+–Ne 125.29 ± 1.93 1 Pt+–N 326.9 ± 9.6 1 Si+–S 387.5 ± 6.0 1
Ni+–Ar 53.9 1 Pt+–O 318.4 ± 6.7 1 Si+–Si 334 ± 19 1
Ni+–Br >289 1 Pt+–Pt 318 ± 23 1 Si+–Te 347 ± 50 1
Ni+–C 418 1 Pt+–Si 515 ± 50 1 Sm+–Br 343.3 1
Ni+–Cl 192 ± 4 1 Pt+–Xe 86.6 ± 28.9 1 Sm+–Cl 435.4 1
Ni+–D 166.0 ± 7.7 1 Pu+–F 562 ± 50 1 Sm+–F 620.9 1
Ni+–F ≥456 1 Pu+–O 651 ± 19 14 Sm+–I 299.1 1
Ni+–H 158.1 ± 7.7 1 Pu+–S 420 ± 23 20 Sm+–O 569 ± 15 1
Ni+–He 12.4 ± 0.4 1 Rb+–Ar 12.0 1 Sn+–Br 335 ± 50 1
Ni+–I >297 1 Rb+–Br 17.6v5.1 1 Sn+–Cu 184 ± 96 1
Ni+–Ne 9.9 ± 0.4 1 Rb+–Cl 10.5 ± 10.5 1 Sn+–F 364 ± 29 1
Ni+–Ni 208 1 Rb+–I 27 ± 42 1 Sn+–O 281 ± 10 1
Ni+–O 275.9 ± 7.7 1 Rb+–Kr 14.9 1 Sn+–S 240 ± 19 1
Ni+–S 241.0 ± 3.9 1 Rb+–Na 50.1 ± 3.9 1 Sn+–Se 174 ± 6.3 1
Ni+–Si 326 ± 6.7 1 Rb+–Ne 6.95 1 Sn+–Sn 193 1
Np+–F 730 ± 100 1 Rb+–O 29 1 Sn+–Te 168.7 ± 8.4 1
Np+–O 760 ± 10 14 Rb+–Rb 75.6 ± 9.6 1 Sr+–Ar 13.32 ± 2.92 1
Np+–S 491 ± 52 20 Rb+–Xe 21.5 1 Sr+–Br 378.1 ± 8.4 1
O+–Ar 33.8 1 Re+–C 497.7 ± 3.9 1 Sr+–Cl 427 ± 8.4 1
O+–F 301.8 ± 8.4 1 Re+–H 224.7 ± 6.7 1 Sr+–F 615 ± 50 1
O+–H 487.9 ± 0.34 1 Re+–O 465.1 ± 4.8 25 Sr+–H 209 ± 5 1
O+–N 1050.64 ± 0.13 1 Rh+–C 414 ± 17 1 Sr+–I 308.2 1
O+–O 647.75 ± 0.17 1 Rh+–H 164.8 ± 3.8 1 Sr+–Kr 18.13 ± 6.94 1
Os+−C 398.2 ± 20.2 28 Rh+–O 295.0 ± 5.8 1 Sr+–Ne 4.52 ± 9.6 1
Os+–H 223.8 ± 6.6 28 Rh+–S 251.8 ± 11.6 11 Sr+–O 298.7 1
Molecular
Os+–O 478 6 ± 1.9 26 Ru+–C 594.3 ± 6.8 15 Sr+–Sr 108.5 ± 1.6 1

P+–C 512 ± 42 1 Ru+–H 160.2 ± 5.0 1 Ta+–C 369.4 ± 3.9 10
P+–Cl 289 1 Ru+–O 372 ± 5 1 Ta+–H 230 ± 6 1
P+–F 490.6 ± 8.4 1 Ru+–S 293.3 ± 9.6 15 Ta+–O 688.7 ± 11.6 10

Ta+–-Ta 666 1 Tm+–Cl 407.9 1 Xe+–H 355 1
Tb+–Cu 245 ± 34 1 Tm+–F 537 ± 16 1 Xe+–Kr 41.65 ± 0.08 1
Tb+–O 722 ± 15 1 Tm+–I 266.8 1 Xe+–N 66.4 ± 9.6 1
Tc+–H 197.5 1 Tm+–O 482 ± 15 1 Xe+–Ne 2.1 ± 0.8 1
Tc+–O >167 1 U+–Br 345 ± 29 1 Xe+–Xe 99.6 1
Te+–H 305 ± 12 1 U+–C 300 ± 96 1 Y+–C 281 ± 12 1
Te+–O 339 ± 50 1 U+–Cl 431 ± 34 1 Y+–F 677 ± 21 1
Te+–P 415 ± 97 1 U+–D 283.4 ± 9.6 1 Y+–H 260.5 ± 5.8 1
Te+–Se 342 ± 19 1 U+–F 668 ± 29 1 Y+–O 718 ± 25 1
Te+–Si 339.6 5 U+–H 284 ± 8 1 Y+–Pt 466 ± 192 1
Te+–Te 278 ± 29 1 U+–N ~485 1 Y+–S 533.9 ± 8 1
Th+–Cl 499 ± 29 1 U+–O 774 ± 13 14 Y+–Si 243 ± 13 1
Th+–F 682 ± 29 1 U+–P 186 1 Y+–Te 360 ± 96 1
Th+–O 843 ± 25 14 U+–S 500 ± 60 20 Y+–Y 281 ± 21 1
Th+–Pt 388 ± 193 1 V+–Ar 39.39 ± 0.12 1 Yb+–Br 307.4 1
Th+–Rh 504 ± 67 1 V+–C 373 ± 13.5 1 Yb+–Cl 399.6 1
Th+–S 570 ± 75 20 V+–D 202 ± 6 1 Yb+–F 557.5 ± 14.4 1
Ti+–C 395 ± 23 1 V+–Fe 314 ± 21 1 Yb+–I 271.9±17.4 30
Ti+–Cl 426.8 1 V+–H 202 ± 6 1 Yb+–O 376 ± 15 1
Ti+–F =456 1 V+–Kr 49.46 ± 0.18 1 Yb+–Yb 238 ± 96 1
Ti+–H 226.6 ± 10.6 1 V+–N 448.6 ± 5.8 1 Zn+–Ar 28.7 ± 1.2 1
Ti+–N 501 ± 13 1 V+–Nb 403.5 ± 0.2 1 Zn+–H 216 ± 15 1
Ti+–O 667 ± 7 1 V+–O 581.6 ± 9.6 1 Zn+–O 161.1 ± 4.8 1
Ti+–Pt 82 ± 96 1 V+–S 358.9 ± 8.7 1 Zn+–S 198 ± 12 1
Ti+–S 461.1 ± 6.8 1 V+–Si 229 ± 15 1 Zn+–Si 274.1 ± 9.6 1
Ti+–Si 249 ± 16 1 V+–V 302 1 Zn+–Zn 60 ± 19 1
Ti+–Ti 229 1 V+–Xe 66.4 ± 0.6 1 Zr+–Ar 36.09 ± 0.24 1
Tl+–Br 52 ± 50 1 W+–C 464.9 ± 17.4 23 Zr+–C 445.8 ± 15.4 1
Tl+–Cl 26 ± 4 1 W+–F 444 ± 96 1 Zr+–H 218.8 ± 9.6 1
Tl+–F 13 ± 21 1 W+–H 222.5 ± 5 1 Zr+–N 443 ± 46 1
Tl+–I 133 ± 21 1 W+–O 656.9 ± 6.8 10 Zr+–O 753 ± 11 1
Tl+–Tl 22 ± 50 1 Xe+–Ar 13.4 1 Zr+–S 549.0 ± 9.6 1
Tm+–Br 312.2 1 Xe+–F 188 1 Zr+–Zr 407.0 ± 9.6 1
References
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TABLE 7. Bond Dissociation Energies in Polyatomic Cations

This table has been arranged on the basis of the Periodic Table with the IUPAC notation for Groups 1 to 18, see inside front cover of
this Handbook. The boldface in the species indicates the dissociated fragment.
Bond Dº298 /kJ mol–1 Ref. Bond Dº298 /kJ mol–1 Ref.
Rb+−CH3CN 86.6 ± 1.3 1
(1) Group 1
Rb+−C6H5OH 70.2 ± 3.7 1
Li+−H2 27.2 1 Rb+−(15-crown-5) 176.8±9.7 12
Li+−CO 57 ± 13 1 Rb+−(18-crown-6) 192±13 1
Li+−H2O 139 ± 8 1 Cs+−H2O 57.3 1
Li+−NH3 156 ± 8 1 Cs+−C6H5NH2 70.8 ± 4.5 1
Li+−CH4 130 1 Cs+−(15-crown-5) 160.5±9.6 12
Li+−CH3OH 156 ± 8 1 Cs+−(18-crown-6) 170±9 1
Li+−CH3OCH3 167 ± 10 1
Li+−pyridine 183.0 ± 14.5 1 (2) Group 2
Li+−Gly (glycine) 220 ± 9 1 CH3Be+−CH3 192.9 ± 13.4 1
Na+−H2 10.4 ± 0.8 1 tert-C(CH3)3Be+−tert-C(CH3)3 121.8 ± 13.4 1
Na+–N2 33.5 1 Mg+−OH 314 ± 33 1
Na+−CO 31 ± 8 1 Mg+−CO 43.1 ± 5.8 1
Na+−CO2 66.5 1 Mg+−CO2 58.4 ± 5.8 1
Na+−SO2 79.1 1 Mg+−H2O 122.5 ± 12.5 1
Na+−O3 52.3 1 Mg+−NH3 158.9 ± 11.6 1
Na+−H2O 91.2 ± 6.3 1 Mg+−CH4 29.8 ± 6.8 1
Na+(H2O)-H2O 82.0 ± 5.8 1 Mg+−MeOH 147.6 ± 6.8 1
Na+(H2O)2−H2O 66.1 1 Mg+−C6H6 155.2 1
Na+(H2O)3−H2O 52.7 ± 0.8 1 Mg+−pyridine 200.0 ± 6.4 1
Na+(glycine)−H2O 75.1 ± 5.3 1 Mg+−imidazole 243.9 ± 10.4 1
Na+(glutamine)−H2O 52 ± 1 1 Mg2+(H2O)5-H2O 101.3 1
Na+−NH3 106.2 ± 5.4 1 Mg2+(Me2CO)5-Me2CO 93.3 1
Na+−HNO3 86.2 1 Ca+−OH 435.1 ± 14.5 1
Na+−CH4 30.1 1 Ca+−H2O 117.2 1
Na+−CH3OH 98.8 ± 5.7 1 Ca+−C6H6 134 1
Na+−CH3CN 125.5 ± 9.6 1 Ca+−imidazole 186.3 ± 3.9 1
Na+−C2H4 44.6 ± 4.4 1 Ca2+(H2O)4-H2O 110.0 ± 5.9 1
Na+−CH3OCH3 101.4 ± 5.7 1 Ca2+(Me2CO)5-Me2CO 101.3 1
Na+−CH3C(O)H 114.4 ± 3.4 1 Sr+−CO 20.3 1
Na+−MeCOMe 131.3 ± 4.1 1 Sr+−CO2 41.9 1
Na+−C6H6 97.0 ± 5.9 1 Sr+−H2O 144.3 1
Na+−pyrrole 103.7 ± 4.8 1 Sr+−C6H6 117 1
Na+−Gly (glycine) 166.7 ± 5.1 1 Sr2+(H2O)5−H2O 87.4 1
Na+−Ala (alanine) 167 ± 4 1 Ba+−OH 530.7 ± 19.3 1
Na+−GlyGly (glycylglycine) 203 ± 8 1 Ba2+(H2O)4−H2O 90.8 1
Na+−(15-crown-5) 299.1 ± 15.5 12
(3) Group 3
Na+−(18-crown-6) 300±19 1
K+−H2 6.1 ± 0.8 1 Sc+−H2 23.0 ± 1.3 1
K+−CO2 35.6 1 Sc+−CH2 412 ± 22 1
K+−H2O 74.9 1 Sc+−CH3 233 ± 10 1
K+(H2O)2-H2O 67.4 1 Sc+−C2H2 240 ± 20 1
K+(H2O)3-H2O 55.2 1 Sc+−C2H4 ≥131 1
K+(H2O)4-H2O 11.8 1 Sc+−C6H6 222 ± 21 1
K+(H2O)5-H2O 44.8 1 Sc+−H2O 131 1
K+(H2O)6-H2O 41.8 1 Sc+−NH 483 ± 10 1
K+−NH3 79 ± 7 1 Sc+−NH2 347 ± 5 1
K+−C6H6 80.3 1 Sc+−pyridine 231.5 ± 10.3 1
K+−adenine 95.1 ± 3.2 1 Y+−CH2 398 ± 13 1
K+−indole 104.6 ± 12.6 1 Y+−CH3 249 ± 5.0 1
K+−Phe (phenylalanine) 150.5 ± 5.8 1 Y+−C2H2 218 ± 13 1
K+−Tyr (tyrosine) 165.0 ± 5.8 1 Y+−C2H4 >138 1
Molecular
K+−(15-crown-5) 217.9±10.6 12 Y+−CO 29.9 ± 10.6 1

K+−(18-crown-6) 235±13 1 Y+−CS 137.0 ± 7.7 1
Rb+−H2O 66.9 ± 12.6 1 Y+(O)−CO2 86 ± 5 1
Rb+−NH3 78.2 1 La+−CH 523 ± 33 1

La −CH2
+ 401 ± 7 1 (NbFe) −C3H4
+ >163 1
La+−CH3 217 ± 15 1 Nb+−CO 95.5 ± 4.8 1
La+−C2H2 262 ± 30 1 Nb+−CS 242.2 ± 10.6 1
La+−C2H4 192.5 1 Nb7+−N2 <215 1
Lu+−CH2 >230 ± 6 1 Ta+−CH 561.5 ± 15.4 6
Lu+−CH3 176 ± 20 1 Ta+−CH2 464.1 ± 2.9 6
U+(F)−F 552 ± 44 1 Ta+−CH3 259.5 ± 13.5 6
U+(F)2−F 523 ± 38 1 Ta+−C6H6 251~301 1
U+(F)3−F 381 ± 19 1
(6) Group 6
U+(F)4−F 243 ± 17 1
U+(F)5−F 26 ± 11 1 (CO)6Cr+−H 230 ± 10 1
(η5-C5H5)(NO)(CO)2Cr+−H 207.1 ± 14 1
(4) Group 4 Cr+−H2 31.8 ± 2.1 1
Ti+−CH 478 ± 5 1 Cr+−CH 294 ± 29 1
Ti+−CH2 391 ± 15 1 Cr+−CH2 216 ± 4 1
Ti+−CH3 213.8 ± 3 1 Cr+−CH3 110 ± 4 1
Ti+−CH4 70.3 ± 2.5 1 Cr+−C6H6 170 ± 10 1
Ti+−C2H2 213 ± 13 1 Cr+−indole 196.6 ± 16.7 1
Ti+−C2H4 146 ± 11 1 Cr+−CO 89.7 ± 5.8 1
Ti+−C6H6 259 ± 9 1 Cr+−OH 298 ± 14 1
Ti+−CO 117.7 ± 5.8 1 Cr+−H2O 132.6 ± 8.8 1
Ti+−H2O 157.7 ± 5.9 1 Cr+−N2 59 ± 4 1
Ti+−NH 466 ± 12 1 Cr+−NH3 183 ± 10 1
Ti+−NH2 356 ± 13 1 (CO)6Mo+−H 260 ± 9 1
Ti+−NH3 197 ± 7 1 Mo+−CH 513.3 ± 13.5 1
Ti+−pyridine 217.2 ± 9.3 1 Mo+−CH2 344.4 ± 10 1
Ti+−imidazole ≤232.4 ± 8.2 1 Mo+−CH3 151.5 ± 8.7 1
Zr+−CH 568 ± 13 1 Mo+−CO 193.9 ± 9.6 1
Zr+−CH2 444.8 ± 5 1 Mo+−CO2 49.2 ± 7 1
Zr+−CH3 227.7 ± 9.6 1 Mo+−CS 162 ± 18 1
Zr+−C2H2 273 ± 14 1 Mo+−CS2 67.5 ± 12.5 1
Zr+−CO 77 ± 10 1 Mo+−NH <385 1
Zr+−CS 257.6 ± 10.6 1 Mo+−pyrrole >289 1
Hf+−CH 492.1 ± 14.5 2 (CO)6W+−H 257 ± 9 1
Hf+−CH2 421.6 ± 6.8 2 W+−CH 580 ± 27 1
Hf+−CH2 204.5 ± 25.1 2 W+−CH2 456.4 ± 5.8 1
Hf+−C2H2 150.6 1 W+−CH3 ~222.9 ± 9.6 1
(PMe3)3(CO)3W+−H 259.4 1
(5) Group 5
W+−pyrrole >209 1
(CO)6V+−H 220 ± 14 1
V+−H2 42.7 ± 2.1 1 (7) Group 7
V+−CH 479.5 ± 8.8 10 (CO)5Mn+−H 172 ± 10 1
V+−CH2 326 ± 6 1 Mn+−H2 7.9 ± 1.7 1
V+−CH3 193 ± 7 1 Mn+−CH2 295 ± 13 1
V+−C2H2 172 ± 8 1 Mn+−CH3 215 ± 10 1
V+−C2H4 124 ± 8 1 Mn+(CO)5−CH3 132 ± 15 1
V+−(η5-C5H5) 530.7 1 Mn+(CO)5−CH4 >30 1
V+−C6H6 234 ± 10 1 Mn+−(η5-C5H5) 326.1 ± 9.6 1
V+−CO 114.8 ± 2.9 1 Mn+−C6H6 145 ± 10 1
V+−CO2 72.4 ± 3.8 1 Mn+−OH 332 ± 24 1
V+−H2O 149.8 ± 5.0 1 Mn+−CO 25 ± 10 1
V+−NH 423 ± 29 1 Mn+−H2O 121.8 ± 5.9 1
V+−NH2 293 ± 6 1 Mn+−CH3OH 134 ± 29 1
V+−NH3 192 ± 11 1 Mn+−OC(CH3)2 159 ± 14 1
V+−pyridine 218.7 ± 13.5 1 Mn+−CS 80.0 ± 21 1
V+−imidazole ≤243.4 ± 8.0 1 Mn+−NH2 254 ± 20 1
Nb+−H2 61.9 1 Mn+−NH3 147 ± 8 1
Nb+−CH 581 ± 19 1 Tc+−CH2 <464 1
Molecular
Nb+−CH2 428.4 ± 8.7 1 Tc+−C2H2 <320 1

Nb+−CH3 198.8 ± 10.6 1 Re+(CH3)(CO)5−H 294 ± 13 1
Nb+−CH3NH2 134 1 (PMe3)(CO)2Re+−H 300.4 1
Nb+−C3H6 117.7 1

Rh −CH3
+ 142 ± 6 1
(8) Group 8
Rh+−NO 167 ± 21 1
Fe+(O)−H 444 ± 17 1 Rh+−CS 256.6 ± 18.3 8
Fe+(CO)−H 120 ± 23 1 (CO)(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)Ir+−H 313.4 1
Fe+(H2O)−H 215 ± 14 1 (CO)2(η5-C5Me5)Ir+−H 298.3 1
Fe+(η5-C5H5)−H 193 ± 21 1 Ir+−CH 666.7 ± 22.2 3
(CO2)5Fe+−H 299 ± 15 1 Ir+−CH2 474.7 ± 2.9 3
Fe+−H2 45.2 ± 2.5 1 Ir+−CH3 313.6 ± 17.4 3
Fe+−CH 423 ± 29 1 Ir+−C2H4 234.3 1
Fe+−CH2 ≤342 ± 2 1
Fe+−CH3 229 ± 5 1 (10) Group 10
Fe+−CH4 73.2 1 (CO)4Ni+−H 248 ± 9 1
Fe+−C2H2 159.0 ± 2.1 1 (η5-C5H5)(NO)Ni+−H 315 ± 14 1
Fe+−C2H3 238 ± 10 1 (η5-C5H5)(η5-C5H5)Ni+−H 215 ± 13 1
Fe+−C2H4 145 ± 11 1 Ni+−H2 72.4 ± 1.3 1
Fe+−C2H5 233 ± 9 1 Ni+−CH 301.0 ± 11.6 1
Fe+−C2H6 64 ± 6 1 Ni+−CH2 306 ± 4 1
Fe+−OH 366 ± 12 1 Ni+−CH3 169.8 ± 6.8 1
Fe+−CO 129.3 ± 3.9 1 Ni+−CH4 96.5 ± 4 1
Fe+D−CO 53 ± 13 1 Ni+−OH 235 ± 19 1
Fe+−CO2 74.3 ± 7.7 1 Ni+−CO 175 ± 11 1
Fe+−H2O 128.9 ± 0.8 1 Ni+−CO2 104 ± 1 1
Fe+−N2 53 ± 4 1 Ni+−H2O 183.7 ± 3.3 1
Fe+−NH3 184 ± 12 1 Ni+−CS 234.5 ± 9.6 1
Fe+−CS2 166.1 ± 4.6 1 Ni+−N2 110.9 ± 10.5 1
Fe+−imidazole 246.1 ± 13.8 1 Ni+−NO 227.6 ± 7.5 1
Fe+−SiH 254 ± 13 1 Ni+−NH2 232.5 ± 7.7 1
Fe+−SiH2 181 ± 9 1 Ni+−NH3 238 ± 19 1
Fe+−SiH3 183 ± 9 1 Pd+−CH 536 ± 10 1
Ru+(η5-C5H5)2−H 292 ± 16 1 Pd+−CH2 463 ± 3 1
(η5-C5Me5)2Ru+−H 284.5 1 Pd+−CH3 258 ± 8 1
Ru+−CH 501.7 ± 11.6 1 Pd+−CH4 170.8 ± 7.7 1
Ru+−CH2 344.4 ± 4.8 1 Pd+−CS 200 ± 14 1
Ru+−CH3 160.2 ± 5.8 1 Pd+−C2H2 >28.9 ± 4.8 1
Ru+−CS 244.9 ± 17.4 9 Pt+–H2 146.7 ± 11.6 1
Os+−CH 653.2 ± 14.5 11 Pt+–CH 536.4 ± 9.6 1
Os+−CH3 276.7 ± 14.5 11 Pt+–CH2 471 1
OsO4+−H 552 ± 13 1 Pt+–CH3 257.6 ± 7.7 1
Pt+–CH4 170.8 ± 7.7 1
(9) Group 9
Pt+–O2 64.6 ± 4.8 1
(η5-C5H5)(CO)2Co+−H 245 ± 12 1 Pt+–CO 218.1 ± 8.7 1
(CH3OD)Co+−H 147.6 ± 7.7 1 Pt+–CO2 59.8 ± 4.8 1
Co+−H2 76.1 ± 4.2 1 Pt+–NH3 274 ± 12 1
(η5-C5H5)Co+−H2 67.8 1 Pt+–C2H4 229.7 1
Co+−CH 420 ± 37 1
Co+−CH2 317 ± 5 1 (11) Group 11
Co+−CH3 203 ± 4 1 Cu+−H2 51.9 ± 0.4 1
Co+−CH4 96.7 1 Cu+−CH2 267.3 ± 6.8 1
Co+−C60 243 ± 67 1 Cu+−CH3 111 ± 7 1
Co+−CO 173.7 ± 6.7 1 Cu+−C2H2 >21.2 ± 9.6 1
Co+−H2O 164.4 ± 5.9 1 Cu+−C2H4 176 ± 14 1
Co+−CS 259 ± 33 1 Cu+−C6H6 218.0 ± 9.6 1
Co+−N2 96.2 ± 7.1 1 Cu+−CO 149 ± 7 1
Co+−NH2 247 ± 7 1 Cu+−N2 89 ± 30 1
Co+−NH3 219 ± 16 1 Cu+−NO 109.0 ± 4.8 1
Co+−CH3CN >255 ± 17 1 Cu+−H2O 160.7 ± 7.5 1
Co+−P(CH3)3 278 ± 11 1 Cu+−NH2 192 ± 13 1
Co+−P(C2H5)3 339 ± 16 1 Cu+−NH3 237 ± 15 1
Molecular
(CH)Rh+−H 372 ± 21 1 Cu+−CS 238.3 ± 11.6 1

(η5-C5H5)(CO)2Rh+−H 287 ± 12 1 Cu+−SiH 246 ± 27 1
Rh+−CH 444 ± 12 1 Cu+−SiH2 ≥231 ± 7 1
Rh+−CH2 356 ± 8 1 Cu+−SiH3 97 ± 25 1

Ag −CH2
+ ≥107 ± 4 1 CH5 −H2
+ 7.9 ± 0.4 1
Ag+−CH3 66.6 ± 4.8 1 C2H5+−H2 17 1
Ag+−C2H5 65.7 ± 7.5 1 CH3+−O2 80 ± 7 4
Ag+−C6H6 167 ± 19 1 CO+−N2 67.5 ± 19.3 1
Ag+−O2 29.7 ± 0.8 1 H2CH+−N2 31.8 1
Ag+−CO 89 ± 5 1 CO+−CO 173.7 ± 14.6 1
Ag+−H2O 134 ± 8 1 CO+(CO)−CO 52.3 1
Ag+−CS 152 ± 20 1 CO+(CO)2−CO 30.2 1
Ag+−NH3 170 ± 13 1 CO+(CO)3−CO 18.4 1
Au+−CH2 357.0 ± 6.8 5 (CO2)+−CO2 70.3 1
Au+−CH3 209.4 ± 23.2 5 (CO2)+(CO2)−CO2 34.7 1
Au+−C2H4 344.5 1 (CO2)+(CO2)2−CO2 21.3 1
Au+−C6H6 289 ± 29 1 (CO2)+(CO2)3−CO2 20.1 ± 1.3 1
Au+−CO 201 ± 8 1 CH3+−N2O 221.3 1
Au+−H2O 164.0 ± 9.6 1 CH3+−SO2 253.6 1
Au+−H2S 230 ± 25 1 CH3+−OCS 239.3 1
Au+−NH3 297 ± 29 1 CH3+−CS2 251.9 1
Au+−PH3 402 ± 33 1 CH3+−H2O 279 1
CH3+(H2O)−H2O 106.3 1
(12) Group 12
CH3+(H2O)2−H2O 87.9 1
Zn+−H2 15.7 ± 1.7 1 CH3+(H2O)3−H2O 61.9 1
Zn+−CH3 280 ± 7 1 CH3+(H2O)4−H2O 48.5 1
Zn+−OH 127.2 1 CH3+−H2S 344.8 1
Zn+−H2O 163 1 CH2+−CH2O 303.0 ± 2.9 1
Zn+−NO 76.2 ± 9.6 1 CH3+−NH3 431.4 1
Zn+−pyrimidine 209.6 ± 7.7 1 (CH3)+−CH3 209.2 ± 4.2 1
Zn+−CS 149 ± 23 1 CH3+−CH4 166.5 1
Cd+−CH3 228 ± 3 1 CF3+−CH4 19.0 1
Cd+(CH3)−CH3 109 ± 3 1 (CH5)+−CH4 28.7 ± 1.3 1
Cd+−C6H6 136 ± 19 1 C6H6+−CH4 12.0 1
Hg+−CH3 285 ± 3 1 CH3+−CH3F 230 1
Hg+(CH3)−CH3 96 ± 3 1 CH3+−CF3Cl 221 1
(13) Group 13 CH3+−CH3Cl 259 1
B+−H2 15.9 ± 0.8 1 tert-C4H9+−CH3OH 63 1
HB+−H2 61.5 ± 2.1 1 tert-C4H9+−CH3CN 85 1
(CH3)2B+−CH3 32.6 ± 4.2 1 tert-C4H9+−SO2F2 43.5 1
Al+−H2 5.6 ± 0.6 1 CH3+−C2H3O 338.7 ± 2.9 1
Al+−N2 5.6 1 CH3+−CF3ClOCl 252 1
Al+−CO2 ≥29.3 1 tert-C4H9+−(CH3)2S 185 1
Al+−H2O 104 ± 15 1 tert-C4H9+−C2H5OH 85 1
Al+−MeOH 139.7 1 tert-C4H9+−C3H8 27.6 1
Al+−EtC(O)Et 191.2 1 tert-C4H9+−t-C4H9Cl 339 1
Al+−C6H6 147.3 ± 8.4 1 tert-C4H9+−(CH3)3CH 30.1 1
Al+−pyridine 190.3 ± 10.3 1 tert-C4H9+−C6H6 92 1
Al+−phenol 154.8 ± 16.7 1 (C6H6)+−C6H6 73.6 1
Al+−imidazole 232.4 ± 8.2 1 (C6H6)+−indole 54.8 1
Ga+−NH3 122.5 1 C6F6+−C6F6 30.1 ± 4 1
In+−NH3 111.0 1 C60+−C60 35.89 ± 7.72 1
PhSiH2+−H 159 1
(14) Group 14 Si+(CH3)3−Cl 178.5 ± 1.9 1
C58+−C2 955 ± 15 1 SiH3+−CO ≥151 1
C60+−C2 822.0 ± 12.5 1 SiF3+−CO 174.1 ± 1.3 1
C62+−C2 846.2 ± 10.6 1 (CH3)3Si+−H2O 125.9 ± 7.9 1
C78+−C2 938.8 ± 10.6 1 (CH3)3Si+−NH3 194.6 1
HC2+−H 574.749 1 Si+(CH3)(Cl)2−CH3 60.8 ± 2.9 1
C6H5+−H 376.3 ± 4.8 1 Si+(CH3)2(Cl)−CH3 41.5 ± 1.9 1
C2H3+−Cl 249 ± 1.0 7 Si+−CH3 413.9 ± 5.8 1
Molecular
C2H5+−Br 206.3 ± 1.0 7 Si+(CH3)−CH3 123 ± 48 1

C6H5+−Br 266.3 1 Si+(CH3)2−CH3 513 ± 27 1
C2H3+–I 196.2 ± 1.4 7 Si+(CH3)3−CH3 66.6 ± 5.8 1
CH3+−H2 186 1 (CH3)3Si+−CH3OH 164.0 1

(CH3)3Si −(C2H5)2O
+ 184.9 1 H4P −H2O
+ 54.4 1
(CH3)3Si+−C6H6 100.0 1 (H4P)+−PH3 48.1 1
(CH3)3Si+−CH3NH2 231.8 1 AsH2+−H 257 1
(CH3)3Ge+−H2O 119.7 ± 2.1 1 I2As+−acetone 106 ± 17 1
(C2H5)3Ge+−H2O 104.2 ± 2.1 1 I2As+−benzene 77 ± 17 1
(CH3)3Sn+−NH3 154 1 Bi+−H2O 95.4 1
(CH3)3Sn+−H2O 108 1 Bi+−NH3 149 1
(CH3)3Sn+−(CH3)2CO 157 1 Bi+−C6H6 ≤149 1
(CH3)3Sn+−C3H7SH 143 1
(16) Group 16
Pb+−H2O 93.7 1
Pb+−NH3 118.4 ± 0.8 1 (H3O)+−H2 14.6 ± 2.1 1
Pb+−CH3OH 97.5 ± 0.8 1 O+−O2 179.5 1
Pb+−CH3NH2 148.1 ± 1.3 1 O+(O2)1−O2 28.9 1
Pb+−C6H6 110 ± 2 1 O+(O2)2−O2 3.9 1
O2+−O2 38.3 ± 2.1 1
(15) Group 15 O2+(O2)−O2 24.6 ± 1.3 1
H2N+−H 544.43 ± 0.10 1 O2+(O2)2−O2 10.4 ± 0.8 1
H3N+−H 515.1 1 O2+(O2)3−O2 9.0 ± 0.8 1
Me3N+−H 376 1 O2+(O2)4−O2 8.0 ± 0.8 1
Et3N+−H 362 1 O2+(O2)5−O2 7.9 ± 1.3 1
(imidazole)+ −Zn 216.1 ± 3.9 1 O+−N2 231.4 1
N2H+−H2 24.7 ± 0.8 1 O2+−N2 22.6 1
ON+−O2 14.2 1 (H3O)+−N2 22.2 ± 2.1 1
N+−N2 303.8 1 O4+−N2 12.3 1
ON+−N2 21.3 1 O2+−CO 31.8 1
N2+−N2 102.3 ± 14.6 1 O2+−CO2 41.0 ± 2.1 1
HN2+−N2 60.7 1 CO2+−CO2 65.3 ± 4 1
N3+−N2 18.8 ± 1.3 1 (H3O)+−CO2 64.0 1
O2N+−N2 19.2 ± 1.3 1 (H3O)+(CO2)−CO2 51.9 1
H4N+−N2 54 ± 21 1 (H3O)+(CO2)2−CO2 43.9 1
ON+−NO 59.4 ± 0.8 1 (H3O)+(CO2)3−CO2 18.0 1
ON+−CO 27.2 ± 1.3 1 O2+−ON2 56.1 ± 4 1
ON+−O3 <58 1 (H3O)+−ON2 70.7 ± 6.5 1
ON+−CO2 32.2 1 (H3O)+(H2O)−ON2 50.6 ± 2.1 1
N2O+−ON2 72.8 ± 6.3 1 (H3O)+(H2O)2−ON2 42.7 ± 2.1 1
NO+−ON2 36.4 ± 0.8 1 O3+−O3 67.5 ± 39 1
(HON2)+−ON2 69.9 ± 4 1 OClO+−OClO 246 ± 48 1
ON+−H2O 95 1 O2+−H2O >67 1
ON+(H2O)−H2O 67.4 1 (OH)+(H2O)2−H2O 87.4 1
ON+(H2O)2−H2O 56.5 1 (OH)+(H2SO4)(H2O)4−H2O 56.9 1
H4N+−H2O 86.2 ± 4.2 1 (OH)+(H2SO4)(H2O)5−H2O 49.8 1
H4N+(H2O)−H2O 72.8 ± 4.2 1 (OH)+(H2SO4)(H2O)6−H2O 44.8 1
H4N+(H2O)2−H2O 57.3 ± 4.2 1 (H2O)+−H2O 164.0 1
H4N+(H2O)3−H2O 51.0 1 (H3O)+−H2O 140.2 1
H4N+(H2O)4−H2O 44.4 1 (H3O)+(H2O)−H2O 93.3 1
(glycine)H+−H2O 77.2 ± 11.0 1 (H3O)+(H2O)2−H2O 71.1 1
(tryptophan)H+−H2O 31.2 ± 2.5 1 (H3O)+(H2O)3−H2O 64.0 1
(tryptophanylglicine)H+−H2O 56.0 ± 5.3 1 (H3O)+(H2O)4−H2O 54.4 1
H4N+−H2S 47.7 1 (H3O)+(H2O)5−H2O 49.0 1
H+(NH3)−NH3 108.8 1 (H3O)+(H2O)6−H2O 43.1 1
H+(NH3)2−NH3 69.5 1 (HCOOH)H+−H2O 100.8 1
H+(NH3)3−NH3 57.3 1 CH3OH2+−H2O 115.6 1
H+(NH3)4−NH3 49.0 1 CH3CHOH+−H2O 104.6 1
H+(NH3)5−NH3 29.3 1 (CH3)2OH+−H2O 100.4 1
H+(NH3)6−NH3 27.2 1 (tetrahydrofuranH)+−H2O 82.8 1
NH4+−CH4 15.0 1 (furanH)+−H2O 43.5 1
ON+−CH3OH 97.6 1 furane+−H2O 41.0 1
O2N+−CH3OH 80.3 ± 9.6 1 (phenol)+−H2O 78.0 1
Molecular
(CH3CNH)+−CH3CN 130.1 ± 9.6 1 (1-naphthol)+−H2O 66.4 1

(pyridineH)+−pyridine 105.4 ± 4 1 H3O+−HC(O)H 137.7 1
(valine H)+−valine 86.6 ± 8.4 1 H3O+−NH3 229.3 1
(betainH)+−betaine 139.9 ± 4.8 1 H3O+(NH3)−NH3 77.0 1

H3O (NH3)2−NH3
+ 71.5 1 Cl −CCl3
+ 446.7 ± 9.6 1
H3O+(NH3)3−NH3 62.8 1 Cl+−C2H3 685.0 ± 4.8 1
H3O+−PH3 144 1 HBr+−HBr 96 1
H3O+−SO3 74 1 I+−CH3 330.0 1
(HCOOH)+−HCOOH 96.5 ± 9.6 1 I+(CH3I)−CH3 51.1 1
H3O+−CH4 33.5 1 I+(CH3I)2−CH3 112.9 1
(CH3OH)+−CH3OH 115.8 ± 19.3 1
(18) Group 18
CH3OH2+−CH3OH 136.4 1
H3O+−CH3CN 195.4 1 He+(He)1−He 17.6 1
furan+−furan 94.1 1 He+(He)2−He 2.7 ± 0.6 1
BH+−B, B = tetrahydofuran 125.1 1 Ne+(Ne)−Ne 10.3 ± 0.6 1
S+−CS2 166 1 Ne+(Ne)2−Ne 3.3 ± 0.6 1
CS+−CS2 150.6 1 Ar+(Ar)−Ar 20.4 ± 0.6 1
CS2+−CS2 104.2 1 Ar+(Ar)2−Ar 7.0 ± 0.6 1
HCS2+−CS2 46.4 1 Ar+(N2)−Ar 25.1 1
OS+−SO2 57.7 1 Ar+(N2)(Ar)−Ar 7.1 1
O2S+−SO2 63.6 1 Ar+(N2)(Ar)2−Ar 7.1 1
OCS+−OCS 100.0 1 Kr+(Kr)−Kr 23.3 ± 0.6 1
OCS+−CO2 72.0 1 Kr+(Kr)2−Kr 9.0 ± 0.6 1
SO2+−CO2 42.7 1 Xe+(Xe)−Xe 25.2 ± 0.6 1
H3S+−H2O 91.6 1 Xe+(Xe)2−Xe 11.0 ± 0.6 1
thiopheneH+−H2O 42.7 1 Ar+−H2 93.7 1
H3S+−H2S 53.6 ± 6.3 1 Ar+−N2 127.6 1
H3S+−CH4 16.3 1 Ar+(N2)−N2 31.0 1
(CH3)2Se•+−Se(CH3)2 ~95 ± 3 1 Ar+(N2)2−N2 10.9 1
(CH3)2Te•+−Te(CH3)2 97 ± 2 1 Ar+−CO 75 ± 17 1
Ar+(CO)−CO 13 1
(17) Group 17 Kr+−CO 103.3 ± 7.5 1
HF+−HF ≥138 1 Kr+−CO2 79.1 ± 2.9 1
(H2Cl)+ −Cl 39.6 1 K+−(18-crown-6) 235 ± 13 1
HCl+−HCl 83.9 1
References
1. Luo, Y. R., Comprehensive Handbookof Chemical Bond Energies, 7. Shuman, N. S., Ochieng, M. A., Sztáray, B., and Baer, T., J. Phys.
CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007. Chem. A 112, 5647, 2008.
2. Parke, L. G., Hinton, C. S., and Armentrout, P. B., Int. J. Mass Spec- 8. Armentrout, P. B., and Kretzschmar, I., J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 10955,
trom. 254, 168, 2006. 2009.
3. Li, F.-X., Zhang, X.-G., and Armentrout, P. B., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 9. Armentrout, P. B., and Kretzschmar, I., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12,
255/256, 279, 2006. 4078, 2010.
4. Meloni, G., Zou, P., Klippenstein, S. J., Ahmed, M., Leone, S. R., 10. Luo, Z., Zhang, Z., Huang, H., Chang, Y.-C., and Ng, C. Y., J. Chem.
Taatjes, C. A., and Osborn, D. L., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 13559, 2006. Phys., 140, 181101, 2014.
5. Li, F.-X., and Armentrout, P. B., J. Chem. Phys. 125, 133114/1, 2006. 11. Armentrout, P. B., Parke, L., Hinton, C., and Citir, M., ChemPlus-
6. Parke, L. G., Hinton, C. S., and Armentrout, P. B., J. Phys. Chem. C Chem, 78, 1157, 2013.
111, 17773, 2007. 12. Armentrout, P. B., Austin, C. A., and Rodgers, M. T., J. Phys. Chem.
A 118, 8088-8097, 2014.
Molecular

ELECTRONEGATIVITY
Electronegativity is a parameter originally introduced by Pauling References

which describes, on a relative basis, the tendency of an atom in a
molecule to attract bonding electrons. While electronegativity is 1. Pauling, L., The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Third Edition, Cornell
not a precisely defined molecular property, the electronegativity University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1960.
difference between two atoms provides a useful measure of the 2. Allen, L. C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 9003, 1989.
3. Allred, A. L., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 17, 215, 1961.
polarity and ionic character of the bond between them. This table
gives the electronegativity χ, on the Pauling scale, for the most com-
mon oxidation state. Other scales are described in the references.
Z Element χ Z Element χ Z Element χ

1 H 2.20 33 As 2.01 65 Tb
2 He 34 Se 2.55 66 Dy 1.22
3 Li 0.98 35 Br 2.96 67 Ho 1.23
4 Be 1.57 36 Kr 68 Er 1.24
5 B 2.04 37 Rb 0.82 69 Tm 1.25
6 C 2.55 38 Sr 0.95 70 Yb
7 N 3.04 39 Y 1.22 71 Lu 1.0
8 O 3.44 40 Zr 1.33 72 Hf 1.3
9 F 3.98 41 Nb 1.6 73 Ta 1.5
10 Ne 42 Mo 2.16 74 W 1.7
11 Na 0.93 43 Tc 2.10 75 Re 1.9
12 Mg 1.31 44 Ru 2.2 76 Os 2.2
13 Al 1.61 45 Rh 2.28 77 Ir 2.2
14 Si 1.90 46 Pd 2.20 78 Pt 2.2
15 P 2.19 47 Ag 1.93 79 Au 2.4
16 S 2.58 48 Cd 1.69 80 Hg 1.9
17 Cl 3.16 49 In 1.78 81 Tl 1.8
18 Ar 50 Sn 1.96 82 Pb 1.8
19 K 0.82 51 Sb 2.05 83 Bi 1.9
20 Ca 1.00 52 Te 2.10 84 Po 2.0
21 Sc 1.36 53 I 2.66 85 At 2.2
22 Ti 1.54 54 Xe 2.60 86 Rn
23 V 1.63 55 Cs 0.79 87 Fr 0.7
24 Cr 1.66 56 Ba 0.89 88 Ra 0.9
25 Mn 1.55 57 La 1.10 89 Ac 1.1
26 Fe 1.83 58 Ce 1.12 90 Th 1.3
27 Co 1.88 59 Pr 1.13 91 Pa 1.5
28 Ni 1.91 60 Nd 1.14 92 U 1.7
29 Cu 1.90 61 Pm 93 Np 1.3
30 Zn 1.65 62 Sm 1.17 94 Pu 1.3
31 Ga 1.81 63 Eu
32 Ge 2.01 64 Gd 1.20
Molecular
9-103

FORCE CONSTANTS FOR BOND STRETCHING
David R. Lide
Representative force constants ( f ) for stretching of chemi- References

cal bonds are listed in this table. Except where noted, all force
constants are derived from values of the harmonic vibrational 1. Huber, K. P., and Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular
frequencies ωe. Values derived from the observed vibrational fun- Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules, Van Nostrand Rein-
damentals ν, which are noted by footnote a, are lower than the hold, New York, 1979.
harmonic force constants, typically by 2 to 3% in the case of heavy 2. Shimanouchi, T., The Molecular Force Field, in Eyring, H., Hender-
son, D., and Yost, W., Eds., Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Trea-
atoms (often by 5 to 10% if one of the atoms is hydrogen). Values tise, Vol. IV, Academic Press, New York, 1970.
are given in the SI unit newton per centimeter (N/cm), which is 3. Tasumi, M., and Nakata, M., Pure and Appl. Chem., 57, 121–147,
identical to the commonly used cgs unit mdyn/Å. 1985.
Bond Molecule f/N cm-1 Bond Molecule f/N cm-1 Bond Molecule f/N cm-1
H-H H2 5.75 C-Cl CCl 3.95 S-S S2 4.96
Be-H BeH 2.27 C-Cl CH3Cl 3.44a, c F-F F2 4.70
B-H BH 3.05 C-Cl CCl2=CH2 4.02b Cl-F ClF 4.48
C-H CH 4.48 C-Br CH3Br 2.89a, c Br-F BrF 4.06
C-H CH4 5.44b C-I CH3I 2.34a, c Cl-Cl Cl2 3.23
C-H C2H6 4.83a, b, c C-O CO 19.02 Br-Cl BrCl 2.82
C-H CH3CN 5.33b C-O CO2 16.00 Br-Br Br2 2.46
C-H CH3Cl 5.02a, b, c C-O OCS 16.14 I-I I2 1.72
C-H CCl2=CH2 5.57b C-O CH3OH 5.42a, c Li-Li Li2 0.26
C-H HCN 6.22 C-S CS 8.49 Li-Na LiNa 0.21
N-H NH 5.97 C-S CS2 7.88 Na-Na Na2 0.17
O-H OH 7.80 C-S OCS 7.44 Li-F LiF 2.50
O-H H2O 8.45 C-N CN 16.29 Li-Cl LiCl 1.43
P-H PH 3.22 C-N HCN 18.78 Li-Br LiBr 1.20
S-H SH 4.23 C-N CH3CN 18.33 Li-I LiI 0.97
S-H H2S 4.28 C-N CH3NH2 5.12a, c Na-F NaF 1.76
F-H HF 9.66 C-P CP 7.83 Na-Cl NaCl 1.09
Cl-H HCl 5.16 Si-Si Si2 2.15 Na-Br NaBr 0.94
Br-H HBr 4.12 Si-O SiO 9.24 Na-I NaI 0.76
I-H HI 3.14 Si-F SiF 4.90 Be-O BeO 7.51
Li-H LiH 1.03 Si-Cl SiCl 2.63 Mg-O MgO 3.48
Na-H NaH 0.78 N-N N2 22.95 Ca-O CaO 3.61
K-H KH 0.56 N-N N2O 18.72 a Derived from fundamental
Rb-H RbH 0.52 N-O NO 15.95 frequency, without anharmonicity

Cs-H CsH 0.47 N-O N2O 11.70 correction.
b Average of symmetric and
C-C C2 12.16 P-P P2 5.56
antisymmetric (or degenerate)
C-C CCl2=CH2 8.43 P-O PO 9.45
modes.
C-C C2H6 4.50a, c O-O O2 11.77 c Calculated from Local Symmetry
C-C CH3CN 5.16 O-O O3 5.74a Force Field (see Reference 2).
C-F CF 7.42 S-O SO 8.30
C-F CH3F 5.71a, c S-O SO2 10.33a
Molecular
9-104

FUNDAMENTAL VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES OF SMALL MOLECULES
David R. Lide
This table lists the fundamental vibrational frequencies of sym.: symmetric

selected three-, four-, and five-atom molecules. Both stable mole- antisym.: antisymmetric
cules and transient free radicals are included. The data have been str.: stretch
taken from evaluated sources. In general, the selected values are deform.: deformation
based on gas-phase infrared, Raman, or ultraviolet spectra; when scis.: scissors
these were not available, liquid-phase or matrix-isolation spectra rock.: rocking
were used. deg.: degenerate
Molecules are grouped by structural type. Within each group,
In the case of free radicals, strong interactions may exist
related molecules appear together for convenient comparison.
between the electronic and bending vibrational motions. Details
The vibrational modes are described by their approximate char-
can be found in References 3 and 4. The references should be con-
acter in terms of stretching, bending, deformation, etc. However,
sulted for information on the accuracy of the data and for data on
it should be emphasized that most such descriptions are only
other molecules not listed here.
approximate, and that the true normal mode usually involves a
All fundamental frequencies (more precisely, wavenumbers)
mixture of motions. Abbreviations are:
are given in units of cm–1.
XY2 Molecules Antisym.

Molecule Structure Sym. str. Bend str.
Point Groups D∞h (Linear) and C2v (Bent) GeH2 Bent 1887 920 1864
GeCl2 Bent 399 159 374
Antisym.
Molecule Structure Sym. str. Bend str. SnF2 Bent 593 197 571
CO2 Linear 1333 667 2349 SnCl2 Bent 352 120 334
CS2 Linear 658 397 1535 SnBr2 Bent 244 80 231
C3 Linear 1224 63 2040 PbF2 Bent 531 165 507
CNC Linear 321 1453 PbCl2 Bent 314 99 299
NCN Linear 1197 423 1476 ClF2 Bent 500 576
BO2 Linear 1056 447 1278
BS2 Linear 510 120 1015
KrF2 Linear 449 233 590 XYZ Molecules
XeF2 Linear 515 213 555
Point Groups C∞v (Linear) and Cs (Bent)
XeCl2 Linear 316 481
H2O Bent 3657 1595 3756 Molecule Structure XY str. Bend YZ str.
D2O Bent 2671 1178 2788 HCN Linear 3311 712 2097
F2O Bent 928 461 831 DCN Linear 2630 569 1925
Cl2O Bent 639 296 686 FCN Linear 1077 451 2323
O3 Bent 1103 701 1042 ClCN Linear 744 378 2216
H2S Bent 2615 1183 2626 BrCN Linear 575 342 2198
D2S Bent 1896 855 1999 ICN Linear 486 305 2188
SF2 Bent 838 357 813 CCN Linear 1060 230 1917
SCl2 Bent 525 208 535 CCO Linear 1063 379 1967
SO2 Bent 1151 518 1362 HCO Bent 2485 1081 1868
H2Se Bent 2345 1034 2358 HCC Linear 3612 1848
D2Se Bent 1630 745 1696 OCS Linear 2062 520 859
NH2 Bent 3219 1497 3301 NCO Linear 1270 535 1921
NO2 Bent 1318 750 1618 NNO Linear 2224 589 1285
NF2 Bent 1075 573 942 HNB Linear 3675 2035
ClO2 Bent 945 445 1111 HNC Linear 3653 2032
CH2 Bent 963 HNSi Linear 3583 523 1198
CD2 Bent 752 HBO Linear 754 1817
CF2 Bent 1225 667 1114 FBO Linear 500 2075
CCl2 Bent 721 333 748 ClBO Linear 676 404 1958
CBr2 Bent 595 196 641 BrBO Linear 535 374 1937
SiH2 Bent 2032 990 2022 FNO Bent 766 520 1844
SiD2 Bent 1472 729 1468 ClNO Bent 596 332 1800
Molecular
SiF2 Bent 855 345 870 BrNO Bent 542 266 1799
SiCl2 Bent 515 505 HNF Bent 1419 1000
SiBr2 Bent 403 400 HNO Bent 2684 1501 1565
9-105

9-106 Fundamental Vibrational Frequencies of Small Molecules
Molecule Structure XY str. Bend YZ str. Planar X2YZ Molecules

HPO Bent 2095 983 1179
HOF Bent 3537 886 1393 Point Group C2v
HOCl Bent 3609 1242 725 Sym. Antisym. YX2 YX2
HOO Bent 3436 1392 1098 Molecule XY str. YZ str. YX2 scis. XY str. rock wag
FOO Bent 579 376 1490 H2CO 2783 1746 1500 2843 1249 1167
ClOO Bent 407 373 1443 D2CO 2056 1700 1106 2160 990 938
BrOO Bent 1487 F2CO 965 1928 584 1249 626 774
HSO Bent 1063 1009 Cl2CO 567 1827 285 849 440 580
NSF Bent 1372 366 640 O2NF 1310 822 568 1792 560 742
NSCl Bent 1325 273 414 O2NCl 1286 793 370 1685 408 652
HCF Bent 1407 1181
HCCl Bent 1201 815
HSiF Bent 1913 860 834 Tetrahedral XY4 Molecules
HSiCl Bent 808 522
HSiBr Bent 1548 774 408 Point Group Td
Deg. Deg.
Molecule Sym. str. deform.(e) Deg. str.(f ) deform.(f )
Symmetric XY3 Molecules CH4 2917 1534 3019 1306
Point Groups D3h (Planar) and C3v (Pyramidal) CD4 2109 1092 2259 996
CF4 909 435 1281 632
Sym. Deg. CCl4 459 217 776 314
Molecule Structure Sym. str. deform. Deg. str. deform. CBr4 267 122 672 182
NH3 Pyramidal 3337 950 3444 1627 Cl4 178 90 555 125
ND3 Pyramidal 2420 748 2564 1191 SiH4 2187 975 2191 914
PH3 Pyramidal 2323 992 2328 1118 SiD4 1558 700 1597 681
AsH3 Pyramidal 2116 906 2123 1003 SiF4 800 268 1032 389
SbH3 Pyramidal 1891 782 1894 831 SiCl4 424 150 621 221
NF3 Pyramidal 1032 647 907 492 GeH4 2106 931 2114 819
PF3 Pyramidal 892 487 860 344 GeD4 1504 665 1522 596
AsF3 Pyramidal 741 337 702 262 GeCl4 396 134 453 172
PCl3 Pyramidal 504 252 482 198 SnCl4 366 104 403 134
Pl3 Pyramidal 303 111 325 79 TiCl4 389 114 498 136
Asl3 Pyramidal 219 94 224 71 ZrCl4 377 98 418 113
AlCl3 Pyramidal 375 183 595 150 HfCl4 382 102 390 112
SO3 Planar 1065 498 1391 530 RuO4 885 322 921 336
BF3 Planar 888 691 1449 480 OsO4 965 333 960 329
Linear XYYX Molecules References

Point Group D∞h 1. T. Shimanouchi, Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies, Con-
solidated Volume I, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Natl. Bur. Stand.
Sym. XY Antisym. (U.S.), 39, 1972.
Molecule str. XY str. YY str. Bend Bend 2. T. Shimanouchi, Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies, Con-
C2H2 3374 3289 1974 612 730 solidated Volume II, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 6, 993, 1977.
C2D2 2701 2439 1762 505 537 3. G. Herzberg, Electronic Spectra and Electronic Structure of Poly-
C2N2 2330 2158 851 507 233 atomic Molecules, D. Van Nostrand Co., Princeton, NJ, 1966.
4. M. E. Jacox, Ground state vibrational energy levels of polyatomic
transient molecules, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 13, 945, 1984.
Molecular

SPECTROSCOPIC CONSTANTS OF DIATOMIC MOLECULES
David R. Lide
This table lists the leading spectroscopic constants and equi- 2. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in
librium internuclear distance re in the ground electronic state for Science and Technology, New Series, II/6 (1974), II/14a (1982), II/14b
selected diatomic molecules. The constants are those describing (1983), II/19a (1992), II/19d-1 (1995), II/24a (1998), Molecular Con-
stants, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
the vibrational and rotational energy through the expressions:
3. Lovas, F. J., and Tiemann, E., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 3, 609, 1974.
4. Irikura, K. K., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 35, 389, 2007.
Evib/hc = ωe(v + ½) – ωe xe(v + ½)2 + ••• 5. Lovas, F. J., Tiemann, E., Coursey, J. S., Kotochigova, S. A., Chang, J.,
Olsen, K., and Dragoset, R. A., Diatomic Spectral Database (version
Erot/hc = BvJ(J + 1) – Dv[J(J + 1)]2 + ••• 2.0). Available: http://physics.nist.gov/Diatomic, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, November 2009.
where 6. Wormsbecher, R. F., Hessel, M. M., and Lovas, F. J., J. Chem. Phys.
74, 6893, 1981.
7. Hedderich, H. G., Dulick, M., and Bernath, P. F., J. Chem. Phys. 99,
Bv= Be – αe(v + ½) + •••
8363, 1993.
8. Ram, R. S., and Bernath, P. F., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 176, 320, 1996.
Dv= De + ••• 9. Miller, C. E., and Drouin, B. J., J. Mol. Spectrosc.. 205, 312, 2001.
10. Tellinghuisen, P. C., Tellinghuisen, J., Coxon, J. A., Velazco, J. E., and
Here v and J are the vibrational and rotational quantum num- Setser, D. W., J. Chem. Phys. 68, 5187, 1978.
bers, respectively, h is Planck’s constant, and c is the speed of 11. Muntianu, A., Guo, B., and Bernath, P. F., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 176, 274,
light. In this customary formulation the constants ωe , Be , etc. 1996.
have dimensions of inverse length; in this table they are given in 12. Yamada, C., Chang, M. C., and Hirota, E., J. Chem. Phys. 86, 3804,
1987.
units of cm–1.
13. Wang, X., Magnes, J., Marjatta Lyyra, A., Ross, A. J., Martin, F.,
Users should note that higher order terms in the above energy Dove, P. M., and Le Roy, R. J., J. Chem. Phys. 117, 9339, 2002.
expressions are required for very precise calculations. The refer- 14. Yamada, C., and Hirota, E., J. Chem. Phys. 99, 8489, 1993.
ences contain constants for many of these higher terms, as well 15. James, A. M., Kowalczyk, P., Fournier, R., and Simard, B., J. Chem.
as more precise values of the lower constants. Also, if the ground Phys. 99, 8504, 1993.
electronic state is not 1Σ, additional terms are needed to account 16. Campbell, J. M., Dulick, M., Klapstein, D., White, J. B., and Bernath,
for the interaction between electronic and pure rotational angu- P. F., J. Chem. Phys. 99, 8379, 1993.
lar momentum. For some molecules in the table the data have 17. White, J. B., Dulick, M., and Bernath, P. F., J. Chem. Phys. 99, 8371,
1993.
been analyzed in terms of the Dunham series expansion:
18. Shayesteh, A., Appadoo, D. R. T., Gordon, I., Le Roy, R. J., and Ber-
nath, P. F., J. Chem. Phys. 120, 10002, 2004.
E/hc = ΣlmY lm(v + ½)lJ m(J + 1)m 19. Sanz, M. E., McCarthy, M. C., and Thaddeus, P., J. Chem. Phys. 119,
11715, 2003.
In such cases it has been assumed that Y10 = ωe , Y01 = Be , etc., 20. Müller, W., and Meyer, W., J. Chem. Phys. 80, 3311, 1984.
although in the highest approximations these identities are not 21. Staanum, P., Pashov, A., Knöckel, H., and Tiemann, E., Phys. Rev. A
precisely correct. Some of the values of re in the table have been 75, 042513, 2007.
corrected for breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approxima- 22. Lovas, F. J., Maki, A. G., and Olson, W. B., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 87, 449,
1981.
tion, which can affect the last decimal place. Because of differ-
23. Bogey, M., Demuynck, C., and Destombes, J. L., Chem. Phys. 66, 99,
ences in the method of data analysis and limitations in the model, 1982.
care should be taken in comparing re values for different mole- 24. Babou, Y., Rivière, Ph., Perrin, M. Y., and Soufiani, A., Int. J. Ther-
cules to a precision beyond 0.001 Å. mophys. 30, 416, 2009.
Entries in the ωe column that are marked by * give the interval 25. Skatrud, D. D., DeLucia, F. C., Blake, G. A., and Sastry, K. V. L. N., J.
between v = 0 and v = 1 states instead of a value of ωe. Mol. Spectrosc. 99, 35, 1983.
Molecules are listed in alphabetical order by formula as most 26. Le Floch, A., Mol. Phys. 72, 133, 1991.
commonly written. In most cases this form places the more elec- 27. George, T., Urban, W., and Le Floch, A., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 165, 500,
1994.
tropositive element first, but there are exceptions such as OH,
28. Mürtz, P., Thümmel, H., Pfelzer, C., and Urban, W., Mol. Phys. 86,
NH, CH, etc. References 1–5 are evaluated compilations covering 1362, 1995.
many molecules and giving references to the original literature. 29. Maki, A. G., Lovas, F. J., and Suenram, R. D., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 91,
424, 1982.
30. Engelke, F., Ennen, G., and Meiwes, K. H., Chem. Phys. 66, 391, 1982.
References 31. Tanaka, T., Tamura, M., and Tanaka, K., J. Mol. Struct. 413, 153,
1. Huber, K. P., and Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular 1997.
Structure IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules, Van Nostrand Rein-
hold, New York, 1979.
Molecular
9-107

9-108 Spectroscopic Constants of Diatomic Molecules
Formula Molecule State ωe/cm-1 ωexe/cm-1 Be/cm-1 αe/cm-1 De/10-6 cm-1 re/Å Ref.
AgBr 107Ag79Br 1Σ + 249.57 0.63 0.064833 0.0002361 0.0175 2.39311 1,2,3
AgCl 107Ag35Cl 1Σ+ 343.49 1.17 0.12298388 0.00059541 0.06305 2.28079 1,2,3
AgD 107Ag2H 1Σ+ 1250.70 17.17 3.2572 0.0722 85.9 1.6180 1,2
AgF 107Ag19F 1Σ+ 513.45 2.59 0.2657020 0.0019206 0.284 1.98318 1,2,3
AgH 107Ag1H 1Σ+ 1759.9 34.06 6.449 0.201 344 1.618 1,2
AgI 107Ag127I 1Σ+ 206.50 0.46 0.04486821 0.0001414 0.00847 2.54463 1,2,3
AgO 107Ag16O 2Π
1/2 490.2 3.1 0.3020 0.0025 0.45 2.003 1,2
AlBr 27Al79Br 1Σ+ 378.0 1.28 0.15919713 0.00086045 0.11285 2.29481 1,2
AlCl 27Al35Cl 1Σ+ 481.77 2.10 0.24393007 0.00161108 0.25017 2.13014 7
AlD 27Al2H 1Σ+ 1211.77 15.06 3.3183929 0.0698773 99.42 1.64637 17
AlF 27Al19F 1Σ+ 802.32 4.85 0.55248021 0.00498426 1.0464 1.65437 4,5
AlH 27Al1H 1Σ+ 1682.37 29.05 6.3937842 0.1870527 368.53 1.64736 17
AlI 27Al127I 1Σ+ 316.1 1.0 0.11769985 0.00055859 2.53710 1,2
AlO 27Al16O 2Σ+ 979.49 7.01 0.6413856 0.0057796 1.08 1.61782 4
AlS 27Al32S 2Σ+ 617.11 3.33 0.2800368 0.0017823 0.22 2.02828 4
Al2 27Al
2
3Π
u 285.8 0.9 0.17127 0.0008 2.701 1,2
AsD 75As2H 3Σ- 1484* 3.6688 90 1.5306 1,2
AsH 75As1H 3Σ- 2130* 7.3067 0.2117 327 1.52315 1,2
AsN 75As14N 1Σ+ 1068.54 5.41 0.54551 0.003366 0.53 1.6184 1,2
AsO 75As16O 2Π
1/2 967.08 4.85 0.48482 0.003299 0.49 1.6236 1,2
As2 75As
2
1Σ +
g 429.55 1.12 0.10179 0.000333 2.1026 1,2
AuD 197Au2H 1Σ+ 1634.98 21.65 3.6415 0.07614 70.9 1.5238 1,2
AuH 197Au1H 1Σ+ 2305.01 43.12 7.2401 0.2136 279 1.5239 1,2
Au2 197Au
2
1Σ +
g 190.9 0.42 0.028013 0.0000723 0.00250 2.4719 1,2
BBr 11B79Br 1Σ+ 684.31 3.52 0.4894 0.0035 1.00 1.888 1,2
BCl 11B35Cl 1Σ+ 840.29 5.49 0.684282 0.006812 1.80 1.71528 1,29
BD 11B2H 1Σ+ 1703.3 28 6.54 0.17 400 1.2324 1,2
BF 11B19F 1Σ+ 1402.16 11.82 1.51674399 0.01904848 7.11 1.26267 4
BH 11B1H 1Σ+ 2366.73 49.34 12.025755 0.421565 1242 1.23217 4
BN 11B14N 3Π 1514.6 12.3 1.666 0.025 8.1 1.281 1,2
BO 11B16O 2Σ+ 1885.29 11.69 1.781110 0.016516 6.32 1.20475 4
BS 11B32S 2Σ+ 1179.91 6.25 0.79478 0.00578 1.4 1.60935 4
B2 11B
2
3Σ -
g 1051.3 9.35 1.212 0.014 1.590 1,2
BaBr 138Ba79Br 2Σ+ 193.77 0.41 0.0415082 0.0001219 0.00762 2.84449 1,2
BaCl 138Ba35Cl 2Σ+ 279.92 0.82 0.08396717 0.00033429 0.03022 2.68276 1,2
BaD 138Ba2H 2Σ+ 829.77 7.32 1.7071 0.02363 28.77 2.2304 1,2
BaF 138Ba19F 2Σ+ 468.9 1.79 0.2159 0.0012 0.175 2.163 1,2,3
BaH 138Ba1H 2Σ+ 1168.31 14.50 3.38285 0.06599 112.67 2.23175 1,2
BaI 138Ba127I 2Σ+ 152.14 0.27 0.02680587 0.00006634 0.00333 3.08476 1,2
BaO 138Ba16O 1Σ+ 669.76 2.03 0.3126140 0.0013921 0.2724 1.93969 1,2,3
BaS 138Ba32S 1Σ+ 379.42 0.88 0.10331 0.0003188 0.0306 2.5074 1,2
BeD 9Be2H 2Σ+ 1530.32 20.71 5.6872 0.1225 313.8 1.3419 1,2
BeF 9Be19F 2Σ+ 1247.36 9.12 1.4889 0.0176 8.28 1.3610 1,2
BeH 9Be1H 2Σ+ 2061.24 37.33 10.31992 0.3084 1022 1.34241 4
BeO 9Be16O 1Σ+ 1487.32 11.83 1.6510 0.0190 8.20 1.3309 1,2
BeS 9Be32S 1Σ+ 997.94 6.14 0.79059 0.00664 2.00 1.7415 1
BiBr 209Bi79Br O+ 209.62 0.52 0.04321526 0.00013269 0.007347 2.60950 5
BiCl 209Bi35Cl O+ 308.18 1.09 0.9212553 0.0004020 0.0329 2.47152 5
BiD 209Bi2H 3Σ- 1173.32 16.1 2.592 0.054 50.6 1.804 1,2
BiF 209Bi19F O+ 513.0 2.35 0.22998897 0.00150262 0.185 2.05154 5
BiH 209Bi1H 3Σ- 1635.73 31.6 5.137 0.148 183 1.805 1,2
BiI 209Bi127I O+ 164.12 0.32 0.02722281 0.00006979 0.00300 2.80050 5
Bi2 209Bi
2
1Σ +
g 172.71 0.34 0.022781 0.000055 0.00150 2.6596 1,2
BrCl 79Br35Cl 1Σ+ 444.28 1.84 0.152470 0.000770 0.07183 2.13607 1,2,3
BrF 79Br19F 1Σ+ 670.75 4.05 0.35584 0.00261 0.401 1.75894 1,2,3
BrO 79Br16O 2Π
3/2 779 6.8 0.429598 0.003639 0.523 1.717 1,2,3
Br2 79Br
2
1Σ +
g 325.32 1.08 0.082107 0.0003187 0.02092 2.2811 1,2
Molecular
CCl 12C35Cl 2Π
1/2 876.90 5.45 0.697137 0.006853 1.9 1.64518 4
CD 12C2H 2Π
1/2 2101.05 34.73 7.8079823 0.212240 420 1.11887 4
CF 12C19F 2Π
1/2 1307.93 11.08 1.41626 0.01844 6.6 1.27218 4
CH 12C1H 2Π
1/2 2860.75 64.44 14.45988 0.53654 1450 1.1199 4

Spectroscopic Constants of Diatomic Molecules 9-109
CN 12C14N 2Σ + 2068.65 13.10 1.8997830 0.0173717 6.4034 1.17181 24,25
CO 12C16O 1Σ+ 2169.81 13.29 1.931280985 0.01750439 6.1216 1.12832 24,26,27
CP 12C31P 2Σ+ 1239.79 6.83 0.79886775 0.00596933 1.33 1.56198 4
CS 12C32S 1Σ+ 1285.15 6.50 0.82004356 0.00591835 1.336 1.53482 1,4
CSe 12C80Se 1Σ+ 1035.36 4.86 0.5750 0.00379 0.71 1.67609 1,2,3
C2 12C
2
1Σ +
g 1855.01 13.56 1.82010 0.01801 6.96 1.24244 24
CaBr 40Ca79Br 2Σ+ 285.3 0.86 0.09446622 0.00040360 0.0413 2.59358 1,5
CaCl 40Ca35Cl 2Σ+ 367.53 1.31 0.1522302 0.0007990 0.1029 2.43676 1,2
CaD 40Ca2H 2Σ+ 910* 2.1769 0.035 47.9 2.002 1,2
CaF 40Ca19F 2Σ+ 581.1 2.74 0.339 0.0026 0.45 1.967 1,2
CaH 40Ca1H 2Σ+ 1298.34 19.10 4.2766 0.0970 183.7 2.0025 1,2
CaI 40Ca127I 2Σ+ 238.70 0.63 0.0693263 0.0002634 0.0234 2.82859 1,2
CaO 40Ca16O 1Σ+ 732.03 4.83 0.444441 0.003282 0.6541 1.8221 1,2
CaS 40Ca32S 1Σ+ 462.23 1.78 0.1766757 0.0008270 0.1032 2.31775 1,2
CdD 114Cd2H 2Σ+ 2.704 76 1.775 1,2
CdH 114Cd1H 2Σ+ 1337.1* 5.323 314 1.781 1,2
ClF 35Cl19F 1Σ+ 783.45 4.95 0.5164805 0.0043585 0.88 1.62831 4
ClO 35Cl16O 2Π
3/2 853.64 5.52 0.62345797 0.0059357 1.33 1.56962 4
Cl2 35Cl
2
1Σ +
g 559.75 2.69 0.24415 0.00152 0.186 1.9872 4
CrD 52Cr2H 6Σ+ 1182* 3.14 88.8 1.664 1,2
CrH 52Cr1H 6Σ+ 1581* 6.220 0.179 347 1.656 1,2
CrO 52Cr16O 5Π 898.4 6.8 0.5231 0.0070 1.615 1,2
CsBr 133Cs79Br 1Σ+ 149.66 0.37 0.03606925 0.00012401 0.00838 3.07225 1,2,3
CsCl 133Cs35Cl 1Σ+ 214.17 0.73 0.07209149 0.00033756 0.03268 2.90627 1,2,3
CsD 133Cs2H 1Σ+ 619.1* 1.354 20 2.505 1,2
CsF 133Cs19F 1Σ+ 352.56 1.62 0.18436969 0.0011756 0.20168 2.34535 1,2,3
CsH 133Cs1H 1Σ+ 891.0 12.9 2.7099 0.0579 113 2.4938 1,2
CsI 133Cs127I 1Σ+ 119.18 0.25 0.02362736 0.00006826 0.00371 3.31519 1,2,3
CsO 133Cs16O 2Σ+ 357.5* 0.223073 0.001303 0.348 2.3007 1,2
Cs2 133Cs
2
1Σ +
g 42.02 0.08 0.0127 0.0000264 0.00464 4.47 1,2
CuBr 63Cu79Br 1Σ+ 314.8 0.96 0.10192625 0.00045214 0.04274 2.17344 1,2
CuCl 65Cu35Cl 1Σ+ 415.29 1.58 0.17628802 0.00099647 0.12706 2.05118 1,2
CuD 63Cu2H 1Σ+ 1384.14 18.97 4.0381 0.0917 136.2 1.4626 1,2
CuF 63Cu19F 1Σ+ 622.7 3.95 0.3794029 0.0032298 0.563 1.74493 1,2,3
CuH 63Cu1H 1Σ+ 1941.26 37.51 7.9441 0.2563 520 1.46263 1,2
CuI 63Cu127I 1Σ+ 264.5 0.60 0.07328742 0.00028390 0.02244 2.33832 1,2
CuO 63Cu16O 2Π
3/2 640.17 4.43 0.44454 0.00456 0.85 1.7244 1,2
CuS 63Cu32S 2Π
3/2 415.0 1.75 0.1891 0.18 2.051 1,2
Cu2 63Cu
2
1Σ +
g 264.55 1.02 0.10874 0.000614 0.0716 2.2197 1,2
DBr 2H81Br 1Σ+ 1884.75 22.72 4.245596 0.084 88.32 1.4145 1,2
DCl 2H35Cl 1Σ+ 2145.16 27.18 5.448796 0.113292 140 1.27458 1,2
DF 2H19F 1Σ+ 2998.19 45.76 11.0102 0.3017 594 0.91694 1,2
D2 2H
2
1Σ +
g 3115.50 61.82 30.444 1.0786 11410 0.74152 1,2
F2 19F
2
1Σ +
g 916.93 11.32 0.889294 0.0125952 3.3 1.41264 4
FeO 56Fe16O 5Δ 965* 0.650 0.72 1.444 1,2
GaBr 69Ga81Br 1Σ+ 263.0 0.81 0.081839 0.0003207 0.032 2.35248 1,2,3
GaCl 69Ga35Cl 1Σ+ 365.67 1.25 0.1499046 0.0007936 0.1008 2.20169 1,2,3
GaD 69Ga2H 1Σ+ 1143.23 14.43 3.1218854 0.0689978 93.021 1.66113 16
GaF 69Ga19F 1Σ+ 622.2 3.2 0.3595161 0.0028642 0.50 1.77437 1,2,3
GaH 69Ga1H 1Σ+ 1603.94 28.41 6.1434095 0.1906376 359.70 1.66208 16
GaI 69Ga127I 1Σ+ 216.38 0.47 0.0569359 0.0001897 0.015770 2.57464 1,2,3
GaO 69Ga16O 2Σ 767.5 6.24 0.4271 0.37 1.744 1,2
GeBr 74Ge79Br 2Π
1/2 295 0.7 1,2
GeCl 74Ge35Cl 2Π
1/2 407.6 1.36 1,2
GeD 72Ge2H 2Π
1/2 1320.09 19 3.415 0.070 83.2 1.5874 1,2
GeH 72Ge1H 2Π
1/2 1833.77 37 6.726 0.192 326 1.5880 1,2
GeO 74Ge16O 1Σ+ 986.49 4.47 0.4856981 0.0030787 0.4709 1.62464 1,2
Molecular
GeS 74Ge32S 1Σ+ 575.8 1.80 0.18656576 0.00074910 0.07883 2.01209 1,2
GeSe 74Ge80Se 1Σ+ 408.7 1.36 0.09634051 0.00028904 0.02207 2.13463 1,2
GeTe 74Ge130Te 1Σ+ 323.9 0.75 0.06533821 0.00017246 0.012 2.34017 1,2
HBr 1H81Br 1Σ+ 2648.97 45.22 8.46488 0.23328 345.8 1.41444 1,2,3

HCl 1H35Cl 1Σ + 2990.92 52.80 10.5933002 0.3069985 531.94 1.27456 4
HF 1H19F 1Σ+ 4138.39 89.94 20.953712 0.7933704 2150 0.91685 4
HI 1H127I 1Σ+ 2309.01 39.64 6.4263650 0.1689 206.9 1.60916 1,2,3
H2 1H
2
1Σ +
g 4401.21 121.34 60.853 3.062 47100 0.74144 1,2
HgD 202Hg2H 2Σ+ 896.12* 2.739 91 1.757 1,2
HgH 202Hg1H 2Σ+ 1203.24* 5.3888 395.3 1.7662 1,2
IBr 127I79Br 1Σ+ 268.64 0.81 0.0568325 0.0001969 0.0102 2.46899 1,2,3
ICl 127I35Cl 1Σ+ 384.29 1.50 0.1141587 0.0005354 0.0403 2.32088 1,2,3
IF 127I19F 1Σ+ 610.24 3.12 0.2797111 0.0018738 0.2356 1.90976 1,2,3
IO 127I16O 2Π
3/2 681.5 4.3 0.34026 0.00270 0.36 1.8676 1,2
I2 127I
2
1Σ +
g 214.50 0.61 0.03737 0.000114 0.0043 2.666 1,2
InBr 115In81Br 1Σ+ 221.0 0.65 0.05489468 0.00018672 0.01350 2.54315 1,2,3
InCl 115In35Cl 1Σ+ 317.39 1.03 0.1090583 0.0005177 0.0515 2.40117 1,2,3
InD 115In2H 1Σ+ 1048.2 12.4 2.523 0.051 58 1.837 1,2
InF 115In19F 1Σ+ 535.4 2.6 0.2623241 0.0018798 0.252 1.98540 1,2,3
InH 115In1H 1Σ+ 1476.0 25.61 4.995 0.143 223 1.8380 1,2
InI 115In127I 1Σ+ 177.08 0.34 0.03686702 0.00010411 0.00639 2.75364 1,2,3
KBr 39K79Br 1Σ+ 213 0.80 0.08122109 0.00040481 0.04462 2.82078 1,2,3
KCl 39K35Cl 1Σ+ 281 1.30 0.1286348 0.0007899 0.1087 2.66665 1,2,3
KD 39K2H 1Σ+ 707 7.7 1.754 0.0318 50 2.240 1,2
KF 39K19F 1Σ+ 426.26 2.45 0.27993741 0.00233492 0.4829 2.17146 1,2,3
KH 39K1H 1Σ+ 983.6 14.3 3.416400 0.085313 163.55 2.243 1,2
KI 39K127I 1Σ+ 186.53 0.57 0.06087473 0.00026776 0.02593 3.04784 1,2,3
K2 39K
2
1Σ +
g 92.02 0.28 0.056743 0.000165 0.0863 3.9051 1
LaO 139La16O 2Σ+ 812.8 2.22 0.35252001 0.00142365 0.2626 1.82591 1,2
LiBr 7Li79Br 1Σ+ 563.2 3.5 0.555399 0.005644 2.159 2.17043 1,2,3
LiCl 7Li35Cl 1Σ+ 642.95 4.47 0.7065225 0.0080102 3.409 2.02067 1,5
LiCs 7Li133Cs 1Σ+ 184.70 1.00 0.188003 0.001248 0.7784 3.6681 21
LiD 7Li2H 1Σ+ 1054.94 13.06 4.23308131 0.09149428 272 1.59526 4,5
LiF 7Li19F 1Σ+ 910.57 8.21 1.34525715 0.02028749 11.75 1.56386 4,5
LiH 7Li1H 1Σ+ 1405.50 21.17 7.5137315 0.2163911 859 1.59490 4,5
LiI 7Li127I 1Σ+ 496.85 2.85 0.4431766 0.0040862 1.4104 2.39192 1,2,3
LiK 7Li39K 1Σ+ 207 0.265 3.27 1,20
LiO 7Li16O 2Π 814.62 7.78 1.212830 0.017899 0.1079 1.68822 3,14
Li2 7Li
2
1Σ +
g 351.41 2.58 0.672530 0.007046 9.79 2.6733 13
MgCl 24Mg35Cl 2Σ+ 462.12* 0.2456154 0.0016204 0.2723 2.19639 1,2
MgD 24Mg2H 2Σ+ 1077.30 15.52 3.034344 0.066607 96.25 1.72916 18
MgF 24Mg19F 2Σ+ 711.69* 0.51922 0.00470 1.080 1.7500 1,2
MgH 24Mg1H 2Σ+ 1492.78 29.85 5.825523 0.177298 354.56 1.72972 18
MgO 24Mg16O 1Σ+ 785.21 5.13 0.5748414 0.0053223 1.233 1.74817 28,4
MgS 24Mg32S 1Σ+ 528.74 2.70 0.26797 0.00176 0.276 2.1425 1
Mg2 24Mg
2
1Σ +
g 51.12 1.64 0.09287 0.00378 1.22 3.891 1
MnD 55Mn2H 7Σ 1103 13.9 2.8957 0.051 79.5 1.7310 1,2
MnH 55Mn1H 7Σ 1548.0 28.8 5.6841 0.1570 303.9 1.7311 1,2
NBr 14N79Br 3Σ- 691.75 4.72 0.444 0.0040 1.79 1,2
NCl 14N35Cl 3Σ- 827.96 5.30 0.64976739 0.00641432 1.596 1.61071 1,5
ND 14N2H 3Σ- 2399.13 42.11 8.9087 0.2546 491.7 1.03665 8
NF 14N19F 3Σ- 1141.37 8.99 1.205679 0.014889 5.4 1.31698 4
NH 14N1H 3Σ- 3282.72 79.04 16.66792 0.65038 1710 1.03719 4
NO 14N16O 2Π
1/2 1904.20 14.07 1.67195 0.0171 0.5 1.15077 1,24
NS 14N32S 2Π
1/2 1218.7 7.28 0.769602 0.0064 1.2 1.4940 1,2,3
N2 14N
2
1Σ +
g 2358.56 14.32 1.998236 0.017310 5.737 1.09769 24
NaBr 23Na79Br 1Σ+ 302 1.5 0.1512533 0.0009410 0.1554 2.50204 1,2,3
NaCl 23Na35Cl 1Σ+ 364.68 1.78 0.21806302 0.00162479 0.31202 2.36080 4,5
NaD 23Na2H 1Σ+ 826.1* 2.557089 0.051600 93.46 1.88654 1,2
NaF 23Na19F 1Σ+ 535.66 3.58 0.43690153 0.0045592 1.16296 1.92595 11
NaH 23Na1H 1Σ+ 1171.97 19.70 4.90327 0.1370 343.8 1.8870 4,5
Molecular
NaI 23Na127I 1Σ+ 258 1.1 0.1178056 0.0006478 0.0973 2.71145 1,2,3
NaK 39K23Na 1Σ+ 124.03 0.50 0.09519989 0.00044966 0.2206 3.49958 6
NaLi 7Li23Na 1Σ+ 256.99 1.66 0.376833 0.003810 3.340 2.88851 4,30
NaO 23Na16O 2Π 492.3 0.424630 0.004506 1.2638 2.05155 1,2

Spectroscopic Constants of Diatomic Molecules 9-111
Na2 23Na2 1Σg + 159.09 0.71 0.15473537 0.0086375 0.58 3.07858 1,4,20
NbO 93Nb16O 4Σ- 989.0 3.8 0.4321 0.0021 0.22 1.691 1,2
Nb2 93Nb
2
3Σ -
g 424.89 0.94 0.084054 0.000242 0.016 2.0778 15
NiD 58Ni2H 2Δ
5/2 1390.1 19 3.992 0.092 130 1.465 1,2
NiH 58Ni1H 2Δ
5/2 1926.6 38 7.700 0.23 481 1.476 1,2
OD 16O2H 2Π
3/2 2720.24 44.05 10.021 0.276 537.4 0.9698 1,2
OF 19F16O 2Π
3/2 1053.01 9.92 1.0587076 0.013295 4.2823 1.35411 9
OH 16O1H 2Π
3/2 3737.76 84.88 18.911 0.7242 1938 0.96966 1,2,3
O2 16O
2
3Σ -
g 1580.19 11.98 1.445622 0.015933 4.839 1.20752 24
PCl 31P35Cl 3Σ- 551.38 2.23 0.2528748 0.0015119 0.2124 2.01461 1,2
PD 31P2H 3Σ- 1699.2 23.0 4.4081 0.0928 116 1.4220 1,2
PF 31P19F 3Σ- 846.73 4.49 0.5667427 0.004639 1.0156 1.58933 12
PH 31P1H 3Σ- 2363.77 43.91 8.53904 0.2534 4.462 1.42218 8
PN 31P14N 1Σ+ 1336.95 6.90 0.7864844 0.0055337 1.091 1.49087 4
PO 31P16O 2Π
1/2 1233.34 6.56 0.733223657 0.005466162 1.3 1.47637 1,4
P2 31P
2
1Σ +
g 780.77 2.84 0.30362 0.00149 0.188 1.8934 1
PbBr 208Pb79Br 2Π
1/2 207.5 0.50 1,2
PbCl 208Pb35Cl 2Π
1/2 303.9 0.88 1,2
PbF 208Pb19F 2Π
1/2 502.73 2.28 0.22875 0.001473 0.183 2.0575 1,2
PbH 208Pb1H 2Π
1/2 1564.1 29.75 4.971 0.144 201 1.839 1,2
PbO 208Pb16O 1Σ+ 720.96 3.52 0.30730373 0.00190977 0.2138 1.92181 1,2,3
PbS 208Pb32S 1Σ+ 429.17 1.26 0.11632307 0.00043510 0.03418 2.28678 1,2,3
PbSe 208Pb80Se 1Σ+ 277.6 0.51 0.05059953 0.00012993 0.0070 2.40218 1,2,3
PbTe 208Pb130Te 1Σ+ 212.0 0.43 0.03130774 0.00006743 0.0027 2.59492 1,2,3
Pb2 208Pb
2 110.5 0.35 1,2
PtC 195Pt12C 1Σ+ 1051.13 4.86 0.53044 0.003273 0.546 1.6767 1,2
PtD 195Pt2H 2Δ5/2 1644.3* 3.640 0.071 66 1.524 1,2
PtH 195Pt1H 2Δ
5/2 2294.68* 7.1963 0.1996 261 1.52852 1,2
RbBr 85Rb79Br 1Σ+ 169.46 0.46 0.04752798 0.00018596 0.01496 2.94474 1,2,3
RbCl 85Rb35Cl 1Σ+ 228 0.92 0.0876404 0.0004537 0.04947 2.78673 1,2,3
RbF 85Rb19F 1Σ+ 376 1.9 0.2106640 0.0015228 0.2684 2.27033 1,2,3
RbH 85Rb1H 1Σ+ 936.9 14.21 3.020 0.072 123 2.367 1,2
RbI 85Rb127I 1Σ+ 138.51 0.33 0.03283293 0.00010946 0.00738 3.17688 1,2,3
RbO 85Rb16O 2Σ+ 388.4* 0.246481 0.002174 0.397 2.25420 1,2
SD 32S2H 2Π
3/2 1885 31 4.95130 0.10308 130 1.34049 1,2
SF 32S19F 2Π
3/2 837.64 4.47 0.555173 0.004459 0.975 1.59624 4,5
SH 32S1H 2Π
3/2 2696.25 48.74 9.60025 0.27990 480 1.34061 4
SO 32S16O 3Σ- 1149.2 5.6 0.7208171 0.005737 1.134 1.48109 1,19,23
S2 32S
2
3Σ -
g 725.71 2.86 0.29539516 0.00159754 0.19 1.88941 4
SbCl 121Sb35Cl 3Σ- 374.7 0.6 1,2
SbD 121Sb2H 3Σ- 2.8782 45 1.7194 1,2
SbF 121Sb19F 3Σ- 605.0 2.6 0.2792 0.0020 0.23 1.918 1,2
SbH 121Sb1H 3Σ- 5.684 240 1.723 1,2
SbN 121Sb14N 1Σ+ 942.0 5.6 1,2
SbO 121Sb16O 2Π
1/2 816 4.2 0.3580 0.0022 0.270 1.826 1,2
ScF 45Sc19F 1Σ+ 735.6 3.8 0.3950 0.00266 1.788 1,2
SeD 80Se2H 2Π
3/2 1708* 3.94 1.48 1,2
SeH 80Se1H 2Π
3/2 2400* 8.02 0.23 330 1.48 1,2
SeO 80Se16O 3Σ- 914.69 4.52 0.4655 0.00323 0.5 1.648 1,2
Se2 80Se
2
3Σ -
g 385.30 0.96 0.08992 0.000288 0.024 2.166 1,2
SiCl 28Si35Cl 2Π
1/2 535.59 2.18 0.256103 0.001582 0.25 2.05794 4
SiD 28Si2H 2Π
1/2 1469.32 18.23 3.8840 0.0781 105.4 1.5199 1,2
SiF 28Si19F 2Π
1/2 857.33 4.83 0.58125735 0.00503859 1.065 1.60100 31
SiH 28Si1H 2Π
1/2 2042.52 36.06 7.503898 0.21814 400 1.51966 4
SiN 28Si14N 2Σ+ 1151.28 6.46 0.730927 0.005685 1.2 1.57207 4
SiO 28Si16O 1Σ+ 1241.54 5.97 0.7267521 0.0050379 0.9923 1.50975 1,19,22
SiS 28Si32S 1Σ+ 749.64 2.58 0.30352788 0.00147308 0.201 1.92926 1,19
Molecular
SiSe 28Si80Se 1Σ+ 580.0 1.78 0.1920117 0.0007767 0.0842 2.05832 1,2,3
Si2 28Si
2
3Σ -
g 510.98 2.02 0.2390 0.0014 0.21 2.246 1
SnBr 120Sn79Br 2Π
1/2 247.2 0.6 1,2
SnCl 120Sn35Cl 2Π
1/2 351.1 1.06 0.1117 0.0004 2.361 1,2

SnD 120Sn2H 2Π1/2 1188.0* 2.6950 0.049 53.4 1.7770 1,2
SnF 118Sn19F 2Π
1/2 577.6 2.69 0.2727 0.0014 0.26 1.944 1,2
SnH 120Sn1H 2Π
1/2 5.31488 207.5 1.78146 1,2
SnI 120Sn127I 2Π
1/2 199.0 0.6 1,2
SnO 120Sn16O 1Σ+ 822.13 3.72 0.35571998 0.00214432 0.26638 1.83251 1,2,3
SnS 120Sn32S 1Σ+ 487.26 1.36 0.13686139 0.00050563 0.0424 2.20898 1,2,3
SnSe 120Sn80Se 1Σ+ 331.2 0.74 0.0649978 0.0001705 0.011 2.32557 1,2,3
SnTe 120Sn130Te 1Σ+ 259.5 0.50 0.04247917 0.00009543 0.0055 2.52280 1,2,3
SrBr 88Sr79Br 2Σ+ 216.60 0.52 0.0541847 0.0001827 0.01356 2.73522 1,2
SrCl 88Sr35Cl 2Σ+ 302.3 0.95 1,2
SrD 88Sr2H 2Σ+ 841 8.6 1.8609 0.0292 34.7 2.1449 1,2
SrF 88Sr19F 2Σ+ 502.4 2.3 0.2505346 0.0015513 0.2498 2.07537 1,2
SrH 88Sr1H 2Σ+ 1206.2 17.0 3.6751 0.0814 135 2.1456 1,2
SrI 88Sr127I 2Σ+ 173.77 0.35 0.0367097 0.0001060 0.00655 2.94364 1,2
SrO 88Sr16O 1Σ+ 653.5 3.96 0.33798 0.00219 0.36 1.91983 1,2
T2 3H
2
1Σ +
g 2546.5 41.23 20.335 0.5887 0.74142 1,2
TaO 181Ta16O 2Δ
3/2 1028.69 3.51 0.40284 0.00182 0.2450 1.68746 1,2
TeH (130)Te1H 2Π
3/2 5.56 1.74 1,2
TeO 130Te16O O+ 797.11 4.00 0.3554 0.00237 0.27 1.825 1,2
Te2 130Te
2
3Σ -
g 247.07 0.51 0.039681 0.000106 0.0044 2.5574 1,2
ThO 232Th16O 1Σ+ 895.77 2.39 0.332644 0.001302 0.1833 1.84032 1,2
TiO 48Ti16O 3Δ
1 1009.02 4.50 0.53541 0.00301 0.603 1.6202 1,2
TlBr 205Tl81Br 1Σ+ 192.10 0.39 0.0423899 0.0001276 0.0083 2.61817 1,2,3
TlCl 205Tl35Cl 1Σ+ 284.71 0.86 0.09139702 0.00039784 0.0377 2.48483 1,2,3
TlD 205Tl2H 1Σ+ 987.7 12.04 2.419 0.057 60 1.869 1,2
TlF 205Tl19F 1Σ+ 476.86 2.24 0.22315014 0.00150380 0.1955 2.08439 1,2,3
TlH 205Tl1H 1Σ+ 1390.7 22.7 4.806 0.154 254 1.870 1,2
TlI 205Tl127I 1Σ+ 150* 0.0271676 0.0000664 0.0036 2.81361 1,2,3
VO 51V16O 4Σ- 1011.3 4.86 0.54825 0.00352 0.6 1.5893 1,2
XeF (132)Xe19F 2Σ 225.4 10.9 0.19326 0.00699 0.536 2.293 10
YCl 89Y35Cl 1Σ 380.7 1.3 0.1160 0.0003 0.09 2.41 1,2
YF 89Y19F 1Σ+ 631.29 2.50 0.29042 0.00163 0.237 1.9257 1,2
YO 89Y16O 2Σ+ 861.0 2.9 0.3881 0.0018 0.32 1.790 1,2
YbD 174Yb2H 2Σ+ 886.6 10.57 2.01162 0.03425 41.60 2.0516 1,2
YbH 174Yb1H 2Σ+ 1249.54 21.06 3.9931 0.0957 161.8 2.0526 1,2
ZnCl 64Zn35Cl 2Σ 390.5 1.6 1,2
ZnD 64Zn2H 2Σ+ 1072 28 3.350 124 1.6054 1,2
ZnF 64Zn19F 2Σ 628 3.5 1,2
ZnH 64Zn1H 2Σ+ 1607.6 55.14 6.6794 0.2500 466 1.5949 1,2
ZnI 64Zn127I 2Σ 223.4 0.6 1,2
ZrO 90Zr16O 1Σ+ 969.8 4.9 0.42263 0.0023 0.319 1.7116 1,2
* Indicates a value for the interval between v = 0 and v = 1 states instead of a value of ωe.
Molecular

Section 10
Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Atomic
Line Spectra of the Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Atomic Transition Probabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-93
Electron Affinities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-147
Proton Affinities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-170
Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-188
Ionization Energies of Atoms and Atomic Ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-204
Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-207
X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-225
Electron Binding Energies of the Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-229
Natural Width of X-Ray Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-235
Photon Attenuation Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-236
Classification of Electromagnetic Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-242
Sensitivity of the Human Eye to Light of Different Wavelengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-244
Blackbody Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-245
Characteristics of Infrared Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-247
Index of Refraction of Inorganic Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-248
Refractive Index and Transmittance of Representative Glasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-252
Index of Refraction of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-253
Index of Refraction of Liquids for Calibration Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-254
Index of Refraction of Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-255
Index of Refraction of Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-256
Characteristics of Laser Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-257
Infrared Laser Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-263
Infrared and Far-Infrared Absorption Frequency Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-270
10-i

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LINE SPECTRA OF THE ELEMENTS
Joseph Reader and Charles H. Corliss
Atomic
The original tables from which this table was derived were pre- places are for 86Kr. A separate table for 198Hg contains accurately
pared under the auspices of the Committee on Line Spectra of the known wavelengths that are frequently used for calibration.
Elements of the National Academy of Sciences National Research A large number of the lines for neutral and singly ionized at-
Council. The table contains the outstanding spectral lines of neu- oms were extracted from the National Bureau of Standards (NBS)
tral (I) and singly ionized (II) atoms of the elements from hydrogen Tables of Spectral Line Intensities (Reference 2). The intensities of
through plutonium (Z = 1–94); selected strong lines from doubly these lines represent quantitative estimates of relative line strengths
ionized (III), triply ionized (IV), and quadruply ionized (V) atoms that take into account varying detection sensitivity at different
are also included. Listed are lines that appear in emission from the wavelengths. They are on a linear scale. For nearly all of the other
vacuum ultraviolet to the far infrared. These lines were selected lines the intensities represent qualitative estimates of the relative
from much larger lists in such a way as to include the stronger strengths of lines not greatly separated in wavelength. Because dif-
observed lines in each spectral region. A more extensive list may ferent observers frequently use different scales for their intensity
be found in Reference 1. estimates, these intensities are useful only as a rough indication of
The data were compiled by the following contributors. the appearance of a spectrum. In some cases the intensity scale is
not intended to be linear. In the first and second spectra the inten-
J. G. Conway — Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory sities of the lines of the singly ionized atom (II) relative to those
C. H. Corliss — National Bureau of Standards of the neutral atom (I) should be used with caution, inasmuch as
R. D. Cowan — Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory the concentration of ions in a light source depends greatly on the
C. R. Cowley — University of Michigan excitation conditions.
Henry M. and Hannah Crosswhite — Argonne National Descriptive symbols that follow the wavelength have the follow-
Laboratory ing meanings:
S. P. Davis — University of California, Berkeley
V. Kaufman — National Bureau of Standards c — complex
R. L. Kelly — Naval Postgraduate School d — line consists of two unresolved lines
J. F. Kielkopf — University of Louisville h — hazy
W. C. Martin — National Bureau of Standards l — shaded to longer wavelengths
T. K. McCubbin — Pennsylvania State University s — shaded to shorter wavelengths
L. J. Radziemski — Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory p — perturbed by a close line
J. Reader — National Bureau of Standards r — easily reversed
C. J. Sansonetti — National Bureau of Standards w — wide
G. V. Shalimoff — Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
R. W. Stanley — Purdue University The table is arranged alphabetically by element name (not sym-
J. O. Stoner, Jr. — University of Arizona bol); for each element the lines are listed by wavelength. References
H. H. Stroke — New York University to the sources of data for each element are given at the end of the
D. R. Wood — Wright State University table, starting on page 10-89.
E. F. Worden — Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
J. J. Wynne — International Business Machines General References
Corporation
R. Zalubas — National Bureau of Standards 1. Reader, J., Corliss, C. H., Wiese, W. L., and Martin, G. A., Tables of
Line Spectra of the Elements, Part 1. Wavelengths and Intensities, Nat.
All wavelengths are given in Ångstrom units (10–10 m). Below Stand. Ref. Data Sys.- Nat. Bur. Standards (U.S.), No. 68, 1980.
2000 Å the wavelengths are in vacuum (except for the Cu II line 2. Meggers, W. F., Corliss, C. H., and Scribner, B. F., Tables of Spectral
Line Intensities, Part 1. Arranged by Elements, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.),
at 1999.698 Å, which is in air); above 2000 Å the wavelengths are
Monograph 145, 1975.
in air. Wavelengths given to three decimal places have an uncer- 3. Fuhr, J. R., Martin, W. C., Musgrove, A., Sugar, J., and Wiese, W.
tainty of less than 0.001 Å and are therefore suitable for calibration L., “NIST Atomic Spectroscopic Database” ver. 1.1, January 1996.
purposes. In the air region, the elements used most commonly for NIST Physical Reference Data, National Institute of Standards and
calibration are Ne, Ar, Kr, Fe, Th, and Hg; in the vacuum region, Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. Available at the WWW address:
the most common are C, N, O, Si, Cu. http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/contents.html
All data refer to natural isotopic abundance of the elements ex-
cept that Kr I and Kr II lines below 11,000 Å given to three decimal
10-1

10-2 Line Spectra of the Elements
Intensity Wavelength/Å Intensity Wavelength/Å Intensity Wavelength/Å Intensity Wavelength/Å

900 1582.04 IV 110 2368.11 I 290 6068.43 II
Actinium Ac Z = 89
Atomic
800 1584.46 IV 180 2369.30 I 110 6068.53 II

2000 h 2952.55 III
125 1596.059 II 140 2370.22 I 450 6073.23 II
2000 h 3392.78 III
700 1605.766 III 160 2372.07 I 110 6181.57 II
3000 3487.59 III
100 1611.814 III 850 2373.12 I 150 6181.68 II
2000 s 3863.12 II
800 1611.874 III 170 2373.35 I 290 6182.28 II
3000 s 4088.44 II
150 1625.627 II 110 2373.57 I 220 6182.45 II
3000 s 4168.40 II
800 1639.06 IV 240 2567.98 I 450 h 6183.42 II
100 4179.98 I
100 1644.235 II 480 2575.10 I 450 6201.52 II
20 4183.12 I
100 1644.809 II 110 2637.70 II 360 6201.70 II
20 4194.40 I
1000 1670.787 II 150 2652.48 I 290 6226.18 II
20 l 4384.53 I
100 1686.250 II 200 2660.39 I 360 6231.78 II
20 4396.71 I
800 1719.440 II 160 2669.17 II 450 6243.36 II
2000 h 4413.09 III
500 1721.244 II 650 2816.19 II 450 6335.74 II
20 4462.73 I
900 1721.271 II 150 3041.28 II 360 6696.02 I
3000 h 4569.87 III
500 1724.952 II 360 3050.07 I 230 6698.67 I
1000 5910.85 II
900 1724.984 II 450 3057.14 I 110 7361.57 I
20 6359.86 I
350 1760.104 II 150 3074.64 II 140 7362.30 I
20 l 6691.27 I
300 1761.975 II 4500 r 3082.153 I 230 7835.31 I
Aluminum Al Z = 13 290 1763.00 I 7200 r 3092.710 I 290 7836.13 I
900 125.53 V 500 1763.869 II 1800 r 3092.839 I 110 8075.35 I
800 126.07 V 700 1763.952 II 150 3428.92 II 290 8640.70 II
800 130.41 V 450 1765.64 I 150 3443.64 I 360 8772.87 I
1000 130.85 V 300 1765.815 II 900 3492.23 IV 450 8773.90 I
900 131.00 V 450 1766.38 I 800 3508.46 IV 110 8828.91 I
900 131.44 V 400 1767.731 II 450 3586.56 II 180 8841.28 I
800 160.07 IV 450 1769.14 I 360 3587.07 II 140 8923.56 I
1000 278.69 V 1000 1818.56 IV 290 3587.45 II 150 9290.65 II
900 281.39 V 600 1828.588 II 870 3601.63 III 110 9290.75 II
70 486.884 III 400 1832.837 II 220 3651.06 II 150 10076.29 II
30 486.912 III 250 1834.808 II 110 3651.10 II 110 10768.36 I
250 511.138 III 1000 1854.716 III 150 3654.98 II 140 10782.04 I
150 511.191 III 300 1855.929 II 290 3655.00 II 110 10872.98 I
500 560.317 III 700 1858.026 II 450 3900.68 II 230 10891.73 I
200 560.433 III 120 1859.980 II 4500 r 3944.006 I 450 11253.19 I
100 670.068 III 1000 1862.311 II 9000 r 3961.520 I 570 11254.88 I
200 671.118 III 600 1862.790 III 110 3995.86 II 570 13123.41 I
500 695.829 III 200 1929.978 II 290 4226.81 II 450 13150.76 I
400 696.217 III 150 1931.048 II 870 4529.19 III 230 16718.96 I
200 725.683 III 200 1932.377 II 150 4585.82 II 300 16750.56 I
300 726.915 III 400 1934.503 II 110 4588.19 II 140 16763.36 I
400 855.034 III 150 1934.713 II 550 4666.80 II 300 21093.04 I
500 856.746 III 300 1935.840 III 110 4898.76 II 360 21163.75 I
400 892.024 III 200 1935.949 III 110 4902.77 II
Antimony Sb Z = 51
50 893.887 III 150 1936.907 II 150 5280.21 II
15 722.86 III
450 893.897 III 220 1939.261 II 290 5283.77 II
15 732.33 III
800 1042.17 IV 700 1990.531 II 150 5285.85 II
861.5 IV
50 1191.812 II 150 2016.052 II 110 5312.32 II
4 876.84 II
900 1237.19 IV 150 2016.234 II 220 5316.07 II
4 921.07 II
900 1257.62 IV 100 2016.368 II 150 5371.84 II
6 983.57 II
800 1264.18 IV 200 2074.008 II 180 5557.06 I
15 999.62 III
1000 1272.76 IV 700 2094.264 II 110 5557.95 I
6 1001.13 II
150 1350.18 II 150 2094.744 II 450 5593.23 II
6 1009.43 II
800 1384.13 III 300 2094.791 II 1200 5696.60 III
40 1011.94 III
800 1447.51 IV 100 2095.104 II 1000 5722.73 III
6 1052.21 II
800 1494.79 IV 200 2095.141 II 110 5853.62 II
8 1056.27 II
1000 1526.14 V 400 2269.10 I 220 5971.94 II
8 1057.32 II
800 1537.54 IV 120 2269.22 I 290 6001.76 II
40 1065.90 III
800 1539.830 II 140 2321.56 I 220 6001.88 II
6 1073.81 II
1000 1557.25 IV 460 2367.05 I 450 6006.42 II
30 1075.82 III
100 1569.385 II 110 2367.61 I 150 6061.11 II
1087.6 IV

Line Spectra of the Elements 10-3

8 1104.32 V 100 r 2139.69 I 15 4514.50 II 4 447.53 V
Atomic
30 1151.49 III 10 2141.80 II 30 4596.90 II 18 449.06 V
40 1157.74 III 50 r 2141.83 I 20 4599.09 II 4 449.49 V
1199.1 IV 100 r 2144.86 I 15 4604.77 II 3 458.12 V
50 1205.20 III 1500 r 2175.81 I 30 4647.32 II 2 458.98 V
50 1210.64 III 250 r 2179.19 I 20 4675.74 II 6p 461.23 V
12 1226.00 V 200 r 2201.32 I 40 4711.26 II 3 462.42 V
6 1230.30 II 300 r 2208.45 I 20 4757.81 II 7 463.94 V
8 1274.98 II 150 r 2220.73 I 20 4765.36 II 30 487.227 II
20 1306.69 III 100 2221.98 I 30 4784.03 II 50 490.650 II
8 1327.40 II 120 r 2224.93 I 20 4802.01 II 30 490.701 II
6 1358.04 II 300 r 2262.51 I 20 4832.82 II 30 519.327 II
8 1384.70 II 120 2288.98 I 20 4877.24 II 3 522.09 V
20 1404.18 III 150 r 2293.44 I 15 4947.40 II 5 524.19 V
6 1407.83 II 300 r 2306.46 I 15 5044.56 II 6 527.69 V
8 1436.49 II 2500 r 2311.47 I 20 5238.94 II 30 542.912 II
20 r 1486.57 I 150 2315.89 I 20 5354.24 II 200 543.203 II
40 h 1491.36 I 400 h 2373.67 I 40 h 5556.10 I 70 547.461 II
1499.2 IV 300 h 2383.64 I 100 l 5632.02 I 2 554.50 V
12 1505.70 V 100 2395.22 I 30 5639.75 II 70 556.817 II
50 r 1512.57 I 150 2422.13 I 60 h 5830.34 I 5 558.48 V
12 1524.47 V 250 2426.35 I 100 6005.21 II 70 573.362 II
120 r 1532.74 I 400 r 2445.51 I 20 6053.41 II 30 576.736 II
80 r 1535.06 I 400 2478.32 I 30 6079.80 II 70 580.263 II
6 1565.51 II 150 2480.44 I 50 6130.04 II 30 583.437 II
8 1576.11 II 100 2510.54 I 20 6154.94 II 70 597.700 II
7 1581.36 II 2000 r 2528.52 I 20 6611.49 I 30 602.858 II
80 r 1599.96 I 15 2528.54 II 30 6647.44 II 30 612.372 II
10 1606.98 II 10 2567.75 II 30 h 7648.28 I 6 623.77 IV
200 w 1612.8 I 150 2574.06 I 80 7844.44 I 3 635.12 V
100 w 1623.3 I 15 2590.13 III 200 7924.65 I 500 661.867 II
20 1657.04 II 1500 r 2598.05 I 60 8411.69 I 30 664.562 II
100 w 1662.6 I 500 r 2598.09 I 150 8572.64 I 200 666.011 II
15 1673.89 III 300 r 2612.31 I 100 8619.55 I 1000 670.946 II
15 1711.84 III 12 2617.17 III 400 9518.68 I 3000 671.851 II
80 r 1716.93 I 200 r 2652.60 I 400 9949.14 I 70 676.242 II
150 r 1717.45 I 20 2669.39 III 200 10078.49 I 30 677.952 II
150 r 1723.43 I 300 r 2670.64 I 300 10261.01 I 30 679.218 II
15 1725.33 III 200 r 2682.76 I 200 10585.60 I 200 679.401 II
100 r 1736.19 I 120 2692.25 I 1000 10677.41 I 10 683.28 IV
100 h 1765.76 I 150 r 2718.90 I 800 10741.94 I 7 688.39 IV
100 r 1780.87 I 400 r 2769.95 I 80 10794.11 I 12 p 689.01 IV
100 r 1788.24 I 1000 r 2877.92 I 600 10839.73 I 6 699.41 IV
150 1800.18 I 15 2980.96 II 200 10868.58 I 8 700.28 IV
50 r 1810.50 I 500 r 3029.83 I 400 10879.55 I 3 705.35 V
80 r 1814.20 I 600 r 3232.52 I 300 11012.79 I 5 709.20 V
100 1829.50 I 20 3241.28 II 150 11266.23 I 4 715.60 V
50 r 1868.17 I 700 r 3267.51 I 5 12116.06 I 3 715.65 V
300 r 1871.15 I 15 3498.46 II 200 718.090 II
Argon Ar Z = 18
150 r 1882.56 I 25 3637.80 II 3000 723.361 II
3 336.56 V
100 1927.08 I 250 3637.83 I 2 725.11 V
3 337.56 V
200 r 1950.39 I 20 3722.78 II 500 725.548 II
6 338.00 V
60 r 2029.49 I 200 r 3722.79 I 70 730.930 II
2 338.43 V
70 r 2039.77 I 20 3850.22 II 200 740.269 II
2 339.01 V
150 r 2049.57 I 200 4033.55 I 200 744.925 II
3 339.89 V
1000 r 2068.33 I 20 4033.56 II 70 745.322 II
3 350.88 V
100 2079.56 I 20 4133.63 II 4 754.20 IV
4 396.87 IV
50 r 2098.41 I 15 4140.54 II 5 761.47 IV
4 398.55 IV
80 r 2118.48 I 15 4195.17 II 12 769.15 III
2 436.67 V
100 r 2127.39 I 20 4219.07 II 5 800.57 IV
5 446.00 V
50 r 2137.05 I 20 4314.32 II 10 801.09 IV
8 446.95 V


10 801.41 IV 12 2293.03 III 12 2913.00 IV 35 3718.206 II
Atomic
5 801.91 IV 4 2299.72 IV 11 2926.33 IV 70 3729.309 II

20 802.859 I 10 2300.85 III 200 2942.893 II 50 3737.889 II
100 806.471 I 15 2302.17 III 100 2979.050 II 150 3765.270 II
60 806.869 I 9 2317.00 III 10 3010.02 III 50 3766.119 II
30 807.218 I 15 2317.47 III 12 3024.05 III 20 3770.369 I
40 807.653 I 12 2318.04 III 50 3033.508 II 20 3770.520 II
50 809.927 I 10 2319.13 III 6 3037.98 IV 25 3780.840 II
120 816.232 I 10 2319.37 III 12 3054.82 III 20 3795.37 III
70 816.464 I 9 2345.17 III 10 3064.77 III 25 3803.172 II
80 820.124 I 7 2351.67 III 8 3077.40 IV 50 3809.456 II
4 822.16 V 9 2360.26 III 10 3078.15 III 7 3834.679 I
120 825.346 I 10 2395.63 III 50 3093.402 II 70 3850.581 II
120 826.365 I 12 2399.15 III 7 3110.41 III 10 3858.32 III
5 827.05 V 10 2413.20 III 7 3127.90 III 35 3868.528 II
3 827.35 V 7 2415.61 III 8 3200.37 I 7 3907.84 III
150 834.392 I 10 2418.82 III 20 3243.689 II 35 3925.719 II
4p 834.88 V 5 2420.456 II 25 3285.85 III 50 3928.623 II
100 835.002 I 12 2423.52 III 25 3293.640 II 25 3932.547 II
2 836.13 V 12 2423.93 III 20 3301.88 III 70 3946.097 II
15 840.03 IV 7 2443.69 III 20 3307.228 II 7 3947.505 I
100 842.805 I 8 2447.71 IV 15 3311.25 III 35 3948.979 I
20 843.77 IV 8 2472.95 III 7 3319.34 I 8 3960.53 III
25 850.60 IV 7 2476.10 III 7 3323.59 III 20 3979.356 II
180 866.800 I 12 2488.86 III 25 3336.13 III 35 3994.792 II
150 869.754 I 12 2513.28 IV 20 3344.72 III 50 4013.857 II
10 871.10 III 10 2516.789 II 25 3350.924 II 6 4023.60 III
9 875.53 III 6 2518.40 IV 15 3358.49 III 50 4033.809 II
180 r 876.058 I 9 2525.69 IV 7 3361.28 III 20 4035.460 II
12 878.73 III 10 2534.709 II 7 3373.47 I 150 4042.894 II
8 879.62 III 15 2562.087 II 25 3376.436 II 50 4044.418 I
180 r 879.947 I 12 2562.17 IV 25 3388.531 II 100 4052.921 II
9 883.18 III 10 2568.07 IV 15 3391.85 III 200 4072.005 II
10 887.40 III 7 2569.53 IV 7 3393.73 I 70 4072.385 II
150 894.310 I 12 2599.47 IV 7 3417.49 III 25 4076.628 II
5 900.36 IV 10 2608.06 IV 9 3424.25 III 35 4079.574 II
9 901.17 IV 7 2608.44 IV 8 3438.04 III 25 4082.387 II
1000 919.781 II 12 2615.68 IV 7 3461.07 I 150 4103.912 II
1000 932.054 II 6 2619.98 IV 9 3471.32 III 300 4131.724 II
1000 r 1048.220 I 12 2621.36 IV 70 3476.747 II 5 4146.70 III
500 r 1066.660 I 12 2624.92 IV 20 3478.232 II 35 4156.086 II
7 1669.67 III 7 2631.90 III 20 3480.55 III 400 4158.590 I
7 1673.42 III 15 2640.34 IV 50 3491.244 II 50 4164.180 I
7 1675.48 III 10 2654.63 III 100 3491.536 II 35 4179.297 II
9 1914.40 III 8 2674.02 III 12 3499.67 III 50 4181.884 I
7 1915.56 III 9 2678.38 III 15 3503.58 III 100 4190.713 I
10 2125.16 III 9 2682.63 IV 70 3509.778 II 50 4191.029 I
15 2133.87 III 10 2724.84 III 8 3511.12 III 200 4198.317 I
10 2138.59 III 14 2757.92 IV 70 3514.388 II 400 4200.674 I
10 2148.73 III 7 2762.23 III 70 3545.596 II 25 4218.665 II
15 2166.19 III 10 2776.26 IV 70 3545.845 II 25 4222.637 II
10 2168.26 III 12 2784.47 IV 7 3554.306 I 25 4226.988 II
20 2170.23 III 14 2788.96 IV 100 3559.508 II 100 4228.158 II
25 2177.22 III 7 2797.11 IV 100 3561.030 II 100 4237.220 II
8 2184.06 III 16 2809.44 IV 70 3576.616 II 25 4251.185 I
10 2188.22 III 10 2830.25 IV 25 3581.608 II 200 4259.362 I
15 2192.06 III 7 2842.88 III 50 3582.355 II 100 4266.286 I
7 2248.73 III 8 2855.29 III 70 3588.441 II 70 4266.527 II
10 2279.10 III 6 2874.40 IV 7 3606.522 I 150 4272.169 I
7 2281.22 III 9 2884.12 III 25 3622.138 II 550 4277.528 II
7 2282.21 III 25 2891.612 II 20 3639.833 II 20 4282.898 II


100 4300.101 I 25 5165.773 II 7 6951.478 I 200 10673.565 I
Atomic
25 4300.650 II 20 5187.746 I 7 6960.250 I 11 10681.773 I
70 4309.239 II 20 5216.814 II 10000 6965.431 I 7 10683.034 II
200 4331.200 II 7 5221.271 I 150 7030.251 I 30 10733.87 I
50 4332.030 II 5 5421.352 I 10000 7067.218 I 30 10759.16 I
100 4333.561 I 10 5451.652 I 100 7068.736 I 7 10812.896 II
50 4335.338 I 25 5495.874 I 25 7107.478 I 11 11078.869 I
25 4345.168 I 5 5506.113 I 25 7125.820 I 30 11106.46 I
800 4348.064 II 25 5558.702 I 1000 7147.042 I 12 11441.832 I
50 4352.205 II 10 5572.541 I 15 7158.839 I 400 11488.109 I
25 4362.066 II 35 5606.733 I 70 7206.980 I 200 11668.710 I
50 4367.832 II 20 5650.704 I 15 7265.172 I 12 11719.488 I
200 4370.753 II 10 5739.520 I 7 7270.664 I 200 12112.326 I
70 4371.329 II 5 5834.263 I 2000 7272.936 I 50 12139.738 I
50 4375.954 II 10 5860.310 I 35 7311.716 I 50 12343.393 I
150 4379.667 II 15 5882.624 I 25 7316.005 I 200 12402.827 I
50 4385.057 II 25 5888.584 I 5 7350.814 I 200 12439.321 I
70 4400.097 II 50 5912.085 I 70 7353.293 I 100 12456.12 I
200 4400.986 II 15 5928.813 I 200 7372.118 I 200 12487.663 I
400 4426.001 II 5 5942.669 I 20 7380.426 II 150 12702.281 I
150 4430.189 II 7 5987.302 I 10000 7383.980 I 30 12733.418 I
50 4430.996 II 5 5998.999 I 20 7392.980 I 12 12746.232 I
50 4433.838 II 5 6025.150 I 15 7412.337 I 200 12802.739 I
20 4439.461 II 70 6032.127 I 10 7425.294 I 50 12933.195 I
35 4448.879 II 35 6043.223 I 25 7435.368 I 500 12956.659 I
100 4474.759 II 10 6052.723 I 10 7436.297 I 200 13008.264 I
200 4481.811 II 20 6059.372 I 20000 7503.869 I 200 13213.99 I
100 4510.733 I 7 6098.803 I 15000 7514.652 I 200 13228.107 I
20 4522.323 I 10 6105.635 I 25000 7635.106 I 100 13230.90 I
20 4530.552 II 100 6114.923 II 15000 7723.761 I 500 13272.64 I
400 4545.052 II 10 6145.441 I 10000 7724.207 I 1000 13313.210 I
20 4564.405 II 7 6170.174 I 10 7891.075 I 1000 13367.111 I
400 4579.350 II 150 6172.278 II 20000 7948.176 I 30 13499.41 I
400 4589.898 II 10 6173.096 I 20000 8006.157 I 1000 13504.191 I
15 4596.097 I 10 6212.503 I 25000 8014.786 I 11 13573.617 I
550 4609.567 II 5 6215.938 I 7 8053.308 I 30 13599.333 I
7 4628.441 I 25 6243.120 II 20000 8103.693 I 400 13622.659 I
35 4637.233 II 7 6296.872 I 35000 8115.311 I 200 13678.550 I
400 4657.901 II 15 6307.657 I 10000 8264.522 I 1000 13718.577 I
15 4702.316 I 7 6369.575 I 20 8392.27 I 10 13825.715 I
20 4721.591 II 20 6384.717 I 15000 8408.210 I 10 13907.478 I
550 4726.868 II 70 6416.307 I 20000 8424.648 I 200 14093.640 I
50 4732.053 II 25 6483.082 II 15000 8521.442 I 100 15046.50 I
300 4735.906 II 15 6538.112 I 7 8605.776 I 25 15172.69 I
800 4764.865 II 15 6604.853 I 4500 8667.944 I 10 15329.34 I
550 4806.020 II 25 6638.221 II 20 8771.860 II 30 15989.49 I
150 4847.810 II 20 6639.740 II 180 8849.91 I 30 16519.86 I
50 4865.910 II 50 6643.698 II 20 9075.394 I 500 16940.58 I
800 4879.864 II 5 6660.676 I 35000 9122.967 I 12 18427.76 I
70 4889.042 II 5 6664.051 I 550 9194.638 I 50 20616.23 I
20 4904.752 II 25 6666.359 II 15000 9224.499 I 30 20986.11 I
35 4933.209 II 100 6677.282 I 400 9291.531 I 20 23133.20 I
200 4965.080 II 35 6684.293 II 1600 9354.220 I 20 23966.52 I
50 5009.334 II 150 6752.834 I 25000 9657.786 I
Arsenic As Z = 33
70 5017.163 II 5 6756.163 I 4500 9784.503 I
510 871.7 III
70 5062.037 II 15 6766.612 I 180 10052.06 I
325 889.0 III
20 5090.495 II 20 6861.269 II 30 10332.72 I
325 927.5 III
100 5141.783 II 150 6871.289 I 100 10467.177 II
325 937.2 III
70 5145.308 II 5 6879.582 I 1600 10470.054 I
325 953.6 III
5 5151.391 I 10 6888.174 I 13 10478.034 I
325 963.8 III
15 5162.285 I 50 6937.664 I 180 10506.50 I
250 987.7 V


340 1021.96 II 300 2831.164 II 14 587.57 III 10 3193.91 I
Atomic
250 1029.5 V 100 r 2860.44 I 18 647.27 III 25 h 3203.70 I

340 1082.35 II 300 2884.406 II 300 719.86 V 30 3221.63 I
500 1139.40 II 80 2926.3 III 150 721.85 V 40 3222.19 I
615 1149.31 II 615 2959.572 II 1000 766.87 V 50 3261.96 I
555 1181.51 II 300 3003.819 II 40000 794.89 IV 60 r 3262.34 I
555 1189.87 II 300 3116.516 II 300 877.41 V 40 3281.50 I
615 1196.38 II 340 3842.60 II 50000 923.74 IV 15 3281.77 I
615 1196.56 II 325 3922.6 III 200 946.26 V 50 3322.80 I
340 1207.44 II 715 4190.082 II 200 1486.72 II 80 h 3356.80 I
800 1211.17 II 615 4197.40 II 400 1504.01 II 50 3368.18 III
800 1218.10 II 615 4242.982 II 300 1554.38 II 60 r 3377.08 I
340 1223.15 II 500 4315.657 II 200 1572.73 II 20 3377.39 I
760 1241.31 II 500 4323.867 II 1573.92 II 70 r 3420.32 I
965 1243.08 II 500 4336.64 II 1630.40 II 25 3421.01 I
870 1245.67 II 500 4352.145 II 100 1674.51 II 30 h 3421.48 I
800 1258.58 II 425 4352.864 II 400 1694.37 II 40 3463.74 I
965 1263.77 II 375 4371.17 II 1697.16 II 200 r 3501.11 I
800 1266.34 II 615 4427.106 II 1761.75 II 80 h 3524.97 I
800 1267.59 II 615 4431.562 II 1771.03 II 30 h 3531.35 I
715 1280.99 II 715 4458.469 II 1786.93 II 80 h 3544.66 I
715 1287.54 II 340 4461.075 II 100 1904.15 II 20 h 3547.68 I
715 1305.70 II 715 4466.348 II 500 1924.70 II 100 3552.45 II
340 1307.74 II 500 4474.46 II 1985.60 II 200 3567.73 II
760 1333.15 II 800 4494.230 II 300 1999.54 II 100 3576.28 II
965 1341.55 II 850 4507.659 II 10 2001.30 III 30 3577.62 I
760 1355.93 II 615 4539.74 II 2009.20 II 80 h 3579.67 I
965 1369.77 II 715 4543.483 II 400 2023.95 II 200 3596.57 II
800 1373.65 II 615 4602.427 II 2052.68 II 40 3630.64 I
1000 1375.07 II 340 4629.787 II 2054.57 II 40 h 3636.83 I
760 1375.78 II 340 4707.586 II 500 2214.7 II 20 h 3688.47 I
800 1394.64 II 340 4730.67 II 800 2245.61 II 400 3735.75 II
800 1400.31 II 340 4888.557 II 1000 2254.73 II 200 3816.69 II
500 1448.59 II 340 5105.58 II 1400 2304.24 II 200 3842.80 II
500 1558.88 II 500 5107.55 II 60 2331.10 III 100 3854.76 II
500 1570.99 II 425 5231.38 II 2000 2335.27 II 20 3889.33 I
100 r 1593.60 I 500 5331.23 II 190 2347.58 II 1400 l 3891.78 II
500 1660.55 II 340 5497.727 II 40 2512.28 III 20 3892.65 I
340 1860.34 II 425 5558.09 II 40 2523.83 III 40 3909.91 I
1000 r 1890.42 I 425 5651.32 II 60 2528.51 II 500 3914.73 II
500 1912.94 II 425 6110.07 II 50 2559.54 III 25 3926.85 III
800 r 1937.59 I 500 6170.27 II 8h 2596.64 I 50 3935.72 I
585 r 1972.62 I 300 6511.74 II 100 2634.78 II 20 3937.87 I
170 r 1990.35 I 300 7092.27 II 40 2681.89 III 200 3939.67 II
100 r 1991.13 I 300 7102.72 II 8 2702.63 I 500 3949.51 II
100 r 1995.43 I 340 7990.53 II 18 2771.36 II 25 3993.06 III
230 r 2003.34 I 300 8174.51 II 15 2785.28 I 80 3993.40 I
100 r 2009.19 I 200 9300.61 I 100 r 3071.58 I 30 3995.66 I
200 2263.2 IV 230 9597.95 I 40 3079.14 III 300 4036.26 II
350 r 2288.12 I 290 9626.70 I 10 h 3108.21 I 200 4083.77 II
200 2301.0 IV 230 9833.76 I 8 3132.60 I 30 h 4084.86 I
350 r 2349.84 I 170 9915.71 I 8h 3135.72 I 1500 h 4130.66 II
100 r 2370.77 I 290 9923.05 I 10 3137.70 I 20 4132.43 I
135 r 2381.18 I 290 10024.04 I 10 3155.34 I 200 4166.00 II
250 2417.5 IV 170 10614.07 I 10 3155.67 I 500 4216.04 II
250 2454.0 IV 12 3158.05 I 800 4267.95 II
Astatine At Z = 85
170 r 2456.53 I 12 h 3158.54 I 100 4283.10 I
8 2162.25 I
200 2461.4 IV 25 3165.60 I 300 4287.80 II
10 2244.01 I
340 2602.00 II 15 h 3173.69 I 200 4297.60 II
170 r 2780.22 I Barium Ba Z = 56 30 3183.16 I 800 4309.32 II
300 2830.359 II 14 555.48 III 15 3183.96 I 20 h 4323.00 I


600 4325.73 II 300 6110.78 I 120 h 11697.45 I 107.38 I
Atomic
200 4326.74 II 400 6135.83 II 120 13207.30 I 3 509.99 III
300 4329.62 II 20000 6141.72 II 120 13810.50 I 2 549.31 III
80 4350.33 I 150 6341.68 I 120 14077.90 I 6 582.08 III
60 4402.54 I 500 6378.91 II 120 15000.40 I 4 661.32 III
400 4405.23 II 10 6383.76 III 120 20712.00 I 8 675.59 III
40 4431.89 I 90 6450.85 I 150 25515.70 I 714.0 II
60 h 4488.98 I 150 6482.91 I 150 29223.90 I 4 725.59 III
50 h 4493.64 I 12000 6496.90 II 5 725.71 II
Beryllium Be Z = 4
40 4505.92 I 300 6498.76 I 5 743.58 II
58.13 IV
200 4509.63 II 150 6527.31 I 7 746.23 III
58.57 IV
60 h 4523.17 I 3000 6595.33 I 2 767.75 III
59.32 IV
130 4524.93 II 150 6654.10 I 8 775.37 II
60.74 IV
65000 4554.03 II 1500 6675.27 I 20 842.06 II
64.06 IV
40 4573.85 I 1800 6693.84 I 865.3 II
75.93 IV
80 4579.64 I 1000 6769.62 II 2 925.25 II
1h 76.10 III
30 4599.75 I 600 6865.69 I 10 943.56 II
2 76.48 III
20 h 4619.92 I 300 h 6867.85 I 10 973.27 II
3 78.53 III
25 h 4628.33 I 1000 6874.09 II 981.4 II
4 78.66 III
300 4644.10 II 6000 7059.94 I 1020.1 II
1h 78.92 III
30 4673.62 I 2400 hs 7120.33 I 8 1026.93 II
5 81.89 III
35 4691.62 I 600 7195.24 I 5 1036.32 II
10 82.38 III
20 4700.43 I 600 hl 7228.84 I 15 1048.23 II
82.58 II
800 4708.94 II 3000 7280.30 I 1 1114.69 III
20 83.20 III
40 4726.44 I 1200 7392.41 I 20 1143.03 II
83.66 II
800 4843.46 II 300 7417.53 I 1155.9 II
30 84.76 III
300 4847.14 II 900 hl 7459.78 I 60 1197.19 II
50 88.31 III
200 4850.84 II 600 7488.08 I 2 1213.12 III
89.16 I
30 h 4877.65 I 450 hl 7636.90 I 1 1214.32 III
89.80 II
400 4899.97 II 600 hl 7642.91 I 2 1362.25 III
90.04 II
15 4902.90 I 1800 7672.09 I 1 1401.52 III
90.21 I
20000 4934.09 II 1200 7780.48 I 10 1421.26 III
90.67 I
8 4947.35 I 180 h 7839.57 I 5 1422.86 III
91.06 II
1000 4957.15 II 1500 7905.75 I 1426.12 I
91.36 II
300 4997.81 II 600 7911.34 I 1 1435.17 III
91.74 II
1000 5013.00 II 900 h 8210.24 I 2 1440.77 III
92.19 I
20 h 5159.94 I 8 8308.69 III 1491.76 I
92.61 II
20 5267.03 I 1800 h 8559.97 I 20 1512.30 II
93.14 II
800 5361.35 II 100 8710.74 II 60 1512.43 II
93.42 II
1000 5391.60 II 100 8737.71 II 100 1661.49 I
93.93 II
200 5421.05 II 300 h 8799.76 I 2h 1754.69 III
94.78 II
100 5424.55 I 300 8860.98 I 15 1776.12 II
95.76 II
200 5428.79 II 450 8914.99 I 20 1776.34 II
96.29 I
300 5480.30 II 300 9219.69 I 1907. I
97.24 I
200 5519.05 I 300 9308.08 I 1909.0 II
97.44 I
1000 r 5535.48 I 300 h 9324.58 I 1912. I
97.86 I
20 h 5620.40 I 1500 9370.06 I 3 1917.03 III
97.97 I
10 5680.18 I 300 9455.92 I 1919. I
98.12 I
400 5777.62 I 8 9521.76 III 5 1929.67 I
98.37 I
800 5784.18 II 450 9589.37 I 10 1943.68 I
98.66 I
100 5800.23 I 900 9608.88 I 60 h 1954.97 III
98.94 I
20 5805.69 I 300 h 9645.72 I 1956. I
99.19 I
150 5826.28 I 1500 hl 9830.37 I 50 1964.59 I
100 100.25 III
2800 5853.68 II 900 10001.08 I 5 1985.13 I
100.86 I
15 5907.64 I 600 10032.10 I 1997.95 I
101.20 I
100 5971.70 I 1200 h 10233.23 I 1997.98 I
102.13 I
800 5981.25 II 300 10471.26 I 60 1998.01 I
102.49 II
100 5997.09 I 120 hl 10791.25 I 2033.25 I
104.40 II
300 5999.85 II 180 hl 11012.69 I 2033.28 I
104.67 I
100 6019.47 I 150 h 11114.42 I 2033.38 I
105.80 I
200 6063.12 I 240 11303.04 I 50 2055.90 I
107.26 I


100 2056.01 I 3163. I 64 5270.28 II 60 14644.75 I
Atomic
75 h 2076.94 III 3168. I 500 5270.81 II 200 16157.72 I

60 h 2080.38 III 3180.7 II 20 5403.04 II 80 17855.38 I
25 2118.56 III 3187. I 20 5410.21 II 120 17856.63 I
15 h 2122.27 III 20 3193.81 I 5558. I 100 18143.54 I
10 2125.57 I 20 3197.10 II 140 h 6142.01 III 160 31775.05 I
20 2125.68 I 30 3197.15 II 10 6229.11 I 200 31778.70 I
15 h 2127.20 III 20 3208.60 I 16 6279.43 II
Bismuth Bi Z = 83
5 2137.25 III 3220. I 30 6279.73 II
6 420.7 IV
25 2145. I 60 3229.63 I 30 6473.54 I
6 431.2 IV
55 2174.99 I 2 3233.52 II 60 6547.89 II
2 488.39 V
55 2175.10 I 10 3241.62 II 60 6558.36 II
3 563.62 V
5 2191.57 III 30 3241.83 II 30 6564.52 I
5 670.76 III
2273.5 II 15 3269.02 I 2h 6636.44 II
6 686.88 V
2324.6 II 100 3274.58 II 1 6756.72 II
5 730.71 V
2337.0 I 30 3274.67 II 2 6757.13 II
10 738.17 V
950 2348.61 I 30 3282.91 I 30 6786.56 I
4 775.16 III
20 2350.66 I 30 3321.01 I 1h 6884.22 I
6 790.5 IV
60 2350.71 I 30 3321.09 I 6h 6884.44 I
6 790.6 IV
200 2350.83 I 220 3321.34 I 100 6982.75 I
8 792.5 IV
2 2413.34 II 20 3345.43 I 6h 7154.40 I
10 820.3 IV
16 2413.46 II 60 3367.63 I 40 h 7154.65 I
9 822.9 IV
20 2453.84 II 3405.6 II 100 7209.13 I
12 824.9 IV
2480.6 I 5 3451.37 I 3 7401.20 II
15 d 864.45 V
35 2494.54 I 300 3455.18 I 2 7401.43 II
15 872.6 IV
35 2494.58 I 20 3476.56 I 10 7551.90 I
12 923.9 IV
100 2494.73 I 300 3515.54 I 10 h 7618.68 I
15 943.3 IV
16 2507.43 II 10 3555. I 20 h 7618.88 I
25 1039.99 III
5 2617.99 II 100 3720.36 III 60 8090.06 I
50 h 1045.76 III
20 2618.13 II 3720.92 III 5h 8158.99 I
30 1051.81 III
100 2650.45 I 3722.98 III 10 h 8159.24 I
15 1058.88 II
60 2650.55 I 100 3736.30 I 4 8254.07 I
20 1085.47 II
200 2650.62 I 700 3813.45 I 10 h 8287.07 I
10 1099.20 II
60 2650.69 I 40 3865.13 I 30 8547.36 I
24 1103.4 IV
100 2650.76 I 80 3865.42 I 60 8547.67 I
20 1139.01 III
5 2697.46 II 1 3865.51 I 300 8801.37 I
50 1224.64 III
20 2697.58 II 6 3865.72 I 6 8882.18 I
10 1225.43 II
20 2728.88 II 100 3866.03 I 40 9190.45 I
15 1232.78 II
30 2738.05 I 90 h 4249.14 III 20 h 9243.92 I
10 1241.05 II
2764.2 II 100 4253.05 I 1h 9343.89 II
10 1265.35 II
20 2898.13 I 60 4253.76 I 40 9392.74 I
15 1283.73 II
10 2898.19 I 300 4360.66 II 2 9476.43 II
10 1306.18 II
20 2898.25 I 500 4360.99 II 16 9477.03 II
60 1317.0 IV
30 2986.06 I 400 4407.94 I 20 9847.32 I
20 1325.46 II
10 2986.42 I 2 4485.52 III 10 h 9895.63 I
40 1326.84 III
60 3019.33 I 100 h 4487.30 III 20 h 9895.96 I
20 1329.47 II
30 3019.49 I 1 4495.09 III 80 9939.78 I
60 1346.12 III
30 3019.53 I 140 h 4497.8 III 16 10095.52 II
20 1350.07 II
20 3019.60 I 4526.6 I 20 10095.73 II
25 1372.61 II
10 3046.52 II 4548. I 60 10119.92 II
15 1376.02 II
30 3046.69 II 12 4572.66 I 80 10331.03 I
20 1393.92 II
3090.3 I 700 4673.33 II 30 11066.46 I
35 1423.33 III
10 3110.81 I 1000 4673.42 II 11173. II
35 1423.52 III
10 3110.92 I 6 4709.37 I 1 11173.73 II
45 1436.83 II
20 3110.99 I 200 4828.16 II 120 11496.39 I
25 1447.94 II
3120. I 40 4849.16 I 2h 11625.16 II
50 1455.11 II
480 3130.42 II 2h 4858.22 II 11659. II
60 h 1461.00 III
320 3131.07 II 80 5087.75 I 2 11660.25 II
25 1462.14 II
3136. I 8 5218.12 II 100 12095.36 II
35 1486.93 II
3150. I 20 5218.33 II 30 12098.18 II
20 1502.50 II
3160.6 I 3 5255.86 II 100 14643.92 I
40 1520.57 II


40 1533.17 II 100 2924. IV 60 h 5144.3 II
Boron B Z = 5
Atomic
30 1536.77 II 100 2933. IV 20 5201.5 II
41.00 V
35 1538.06 II 100 2936. IV 75 h 5209.2 II
30 48.59 V
20 1563.67 II 15 2936.7 II 40 h 5270.3 II
10 52.68 IV
40 1573.70 II 3200 2938.30 I 10 5397.8 II
30 60.31 IV
60 1591.79 II 20 2950.4 II 10 c 5552.35 I
194.37 V
25 1601.58 II 12 2963.4 II 3 5599.41 I
262.37 V
60 h 1606.40 III 2800 2989.03 I 20 5655.2 II
160 344.0 IV
40 1609.70 II 700 2993.34 I 40 h 5719.2 II
450 385.0 IV
40 1611.38 II 100 3012. IV 6 5742.55 I
40 411.80 III
20 1652.81 II 2400 3024.64 I 12 5818.3 II
285 418.7 IV
20 1749.29 II 60 3034.87 I 20 5860.2 II
20 510.77 III
80 1777.11 II 100 3042. IV 20 5973.0 II
40 510.85 III
60 1787.47 II 9000 c 3067.72 I 15 6059.1 II
512.53 V
70 1791.93 II 140 3076.66 I 15 6128.0 II
150 518.24 III
70 1823.80 II 35 3115.0 III 6 6134.82 I
75 518.27 III
100 1902.41 II 100 3239. IV 3 6475.73 I
110 677.00 III
9000 1954.53 I 550 c 3397.21 I 3 6476.24 I
160 677.14 III
7000 1960.13 I 10 3430.83 II 15 6497.7 II
40 693.95 II
25 1989.35 II 12 3431.23 II 10 6577.2 II
40 731.36 II
7000 2021.21 I 40 h 3451.0 III 40 h 6600.2 II
40 731.44 II
9000 2061.70 I 40 3473.8 III 50 h 6808.6 II
749.74 V
45 h 2068.9 II 35 3485.5 III 4h 6991.12 I
40 758.48 III
4600 2110.26 I 500 c 3510.85 I 12 7033. II
70 758.67 III
2500 2133.63 I 380 c 3596.11 I 2 7036.15 I
110 882.54 II
15 2143.40 II 45 3613.4 III 10 h 7381. II
110 882.68 II
15 2143.46 II 100 3643. IV 2 7502.33 I
40 984.67 II
60 2186.9 II 12 3654.2 II 10 h 7637. II
110 1081.88 II
40 h 2214.0 II 100 3682. IV 10 7750. II
110 1082.07 II
360 2228.25 I 50 3695.32 III 3 7838.70 I
70 1112.2 IV
1700 2230.61 I 50 3695.68 III 2 7840.33 I
450 1168.9 IV
340 2276.58 I 100 3734. IV 20 7965. II
70 1170.9 IV
100 2311. IV 70 h 3792.5 II 40 8008. III
110 1230.16 II
100 2326. IV 12 3811.1 II 12 h 8050. II
220 1362.46 II
16 2368.12 II 20 3815.8 II 50 8070. III
70 1600.46 I
12 2368.25 II 10 3845.8 II 15 8328. II
120 1600.73 I
100 2376. IV 30 3863.9 II 15 8388. II
160 1623.58 II
190 2400.88 I 100 3868. IV 30 8532. II
110 1623.77 II
75 h 2414.6 III 40 h 4079.1 II 2 8544.54 I
220 1624.02 II
10 2501.0 II 10 4097.2 II 1 8579.74 I
70 1624.16 II
25 2515.69 I 140 4121.53 I 25 8653. II
160 1624.34 II
70 2524.49 I 140 4121.86 I 2 8754.88 I
100 1663.04 I
20 h 2544.5 II 75 h 4259.4 II 3 8761.54 I
150 1666.87 I
700 2627.91 I 25 4272.0 II 25 8863. II
200 1667.29 I
100 2629. IV 70 h 4301.7 II 2 8907.81 I
150 1817.86 I
100 2677. IV 12 h 4339.8 II 2000 d 9657.04 I
200 1818.37 I
12 2693.0 II 25 h 4340.5 II 40 9827.78 I
300 1825.91 I
280 c 2696.76 I 12 h 4379.4 II 20 10104.5 I
300 1826.41 I
20 2713.3 II 25 h 4476.8 II 15 10138.8 I
110 1842.81 II
140 d 2730.50 I 60 h 4705.3 II 20 10300.6 I
20 1953.83 III
100 2767. IV 600 c 4722.52 I 20 10536.19 I
550 2065.78 III
100 2772. IV 30 4730.3 II 50 11072.44 I
250 2066.38 I
360 2780.52 I 20 4749.7 II 1500 d 11710.37 I
250 2066.65 I
100 2786. IV 40 h 4797.4 III 40 11999.49 I
100 2066.93 I
15 2803.42 II 12 4908.2 II 200 12165.08 I
300 2067.19 I
11 2803.70 II 10 4916.6 II 200 12690.04 I
450 2067.23 III
12 2805.3 II 12 4969.7 II 100 12817.8 I
160 2077.09 III
140 c 2809.62 I 20 4993.6 II 200 14330.5 I
500 2088.91 I
100 2842. IV 45 h 5079.3 III 50 16001.5 I
500 2089.57 I
80 h 2855.6 III 10 5091.6 II 60 22551.6 I
70 2220.30 II
4000 2897.98 I 50 h 5124.3 II
40 2234.09 III


70 2234.59 III 1000 619.87 IV 500 3041.18 IV 1200 7827.23 I
Atomic
40 2323.03 II 1000 630.14 IV 500 3074.42 III 2500 s 7881.45 I

40 2328.67 II 1000 642.23 IV 500 3349.64 III 2500 7881.57 I
40 2393.20 II 1000 661.53 IV 500 3380.56 IV 2500 7925.81 I
220 2395.05 II 1000 683.51 IV 500 3540.16 III 30000 c 7938.68 I
40 2459.69 II 1000 697.72 IV 500 3562.43 III 3000 7947.94 I
40 2459.90 II 1000 715.39 IV 1200 3815.65 I 3000 7950.18 I
1000 2496.77 I 1000 731.00 IV 1500 3992.36 I 8000 7978.44 I
1000 2497.73 I 1000 800.12 IV 1000 4223.89 II 10000 7978.57 I
70 2524.7 IV 700 812.95 V 2000 4365.14 I 30000 7989.94 I
160 2530.3 IV 1000 813.66 IV 1000 4365.60 II 2000 8026.35 I
450 2821.68 IV 1000 850.81 V 1500 4425.14 I 2500 8026.54 I
70 2824.57 IV 1000 889.23 II 10000 4441.74 I 30000 8131.52 I
285 2825.85 IV 1000 948.97 II 10000 4472.61 I 1000 c 8152.65 I
160 2918.08 II 1000 1015.54 II 20000 4477.72 I 10000 8153.75 I
110 3032.26 II 1000 1049.00 II 1000 4490.42 I 25000 8154.00 I
70 3179.33 II 1000 1069.15 V 3000 4513.44 I 5000 8246.86 I
110 3323.18 II 900 1112.13 V 15000 4525.59 I 15000 8264.96 I
110 3323.60 II 1000 1143.56 V 3000 4575.74 I 75000 c 8272.44 I
450 3451.29 II 1000 1189.28 I 2500 4614.58 I 20000 8334.70 I
285 4121.93 II 1000 1189.50 I 2500 4752.28 I 10000 8343.70 I
110 4194.79 II 1000 1210.73 I 4000 4780.31 I 1200 8384.04 I
40 4242.98 III 1000 1221.13 I 1600 4785.19 I 40000 8446.55 I
70 4243.61 III 1000 1223.24 I 4000 4979.76 I 4000 8477.45 I
110 4472.10 II 1200 1224.41 I 1200 5395.48 I 1500 8513.38 I
110 4472.85 II 1200 1226.90 I 1200 5466.22 I 1000 8557.73 I
220 4487.05 III 7500 1232.43 I 1800 5852.08 I 1000 8566.28 I
360 4497.73 III 1200 1243.90 I 1600 5940.48 I 20000 8638.66 I
70 4784.21 II 1500 1251.66 I 2400 6122.14 I 4000 8698.53 I
110 4940.38 II 1000 1255.80 I 40000 6148.60 I 10000 c 8793.47 I
110 6080.44 II 1500 1259.20 I 2000 6177.39 I 15000 8819.96 I
70 6285.47 II 1200 1261.66 I 1500 6335.48 I 25000 8825.22 I
70 7030.20 II 1200 1266.20 I 60000 6350.73 I 4000 8888.98 I
40 7031.90 II 1000 1279.48 I 2500 6410.32 I 30000 8897.62 I
110 7835.25 III 1000 1286.26 I 1800 6483.56 I 6000 8932.40 I
70 7841.41 III 3000 1309.91 I 1000 6514.62 I 1800 8949.39 I
20 8667.22 I 3000 1316.74 I 20000 6544.57 I 9000 8964.00 I
70 8668.57 I 1000 1317.37 I 1500 6548.09 I 30000 9166.06 I
800 11660.04 I 2000 1317.70 I 50000 c 6559.80 I 15000 9173.63 I
570 11662.47 I 12000 1384.60 I 1000 6571.31 I 20000 9178.16 I
125 15629.08 I 3000 1449.90 I 1800 6579.14 I 40000 9265.42 I
200 16240.38 I 50000 1488.45 I 20000 6582.17 I 15000 9320.86 I
250 16244.67 I 30000 1531.74 I 1500 6620.47 I 6000 9793.48 I
235 18994.33 I 25000 1540.65 I 50000 c 6631.62 I 10000 9896.40 I
30000 1574.84 I 20000 6682.28 I 3000 10140.08 I
Bromine Br Z = 35
20000 1576.39 I 10000 6692.13 I 6000 10237.74 I
700 379.73 IV
25000 1582.31 I 8000 6728.28 I 1000 10299.62 I
700 400.37 IV
75000 1633.40 I 2000 6760.06 I 1500 10377.65 I
800 482.11 V
1000 2133.79 IV 2000 6779.48 I 30000 10457.96 I
900 531.97 V
1000 2145.02 IV 2200 6786.74 I 1000 10742.14 I
1000 545.43 IV
1000 2257.21 IV 6500 6790.04 I 3000 10755.92 I
1000 547.90 V
1000 2272.73 IV 1600 c 6791.48 I 1700 13217.17 I
1000 559.76 IV
1000 2307.40 IV 1800 6861.15 I 1800 14354.57 I
1000 569.19 IV
1000 2408.16 IV 10000 7005.19 I 1250 14888.70 I
1000 576.59 IV
1000 2411.58 IV 2000 7260.45 I 1800 16731.19 I
1000 585.10 IV
700 2491.14 IV 10000 7348.51 I 1200 18568.31 I
1000 586.71 IV
1000 2581.19 IV 40000 7512.96 I 3500 19733.62 I
1000 597.51 IV
600 2661.40 IV 1600 7591.61 I 1000 20281.73 I
1000 600.09 IV
1000 2842.88 IV 1800 7595.07 I 1000 20624.67 I
1000 601.27 IV
1100 h 2907.71 IV 2000 7616.41 I 1200 21787.24 I
1000 607.03 IV
500 h 2972.26 II 30000 7803.02 I 4000 22865.65 I
1000 617.85 IV


1000 23513.15 I 75 1793.40 III 30 2823.19 II 1000 5378.13 II
Atomic
500 28346.50 I 40 1823.41 III 200 2836.900 I 200 5381.89 II
500 30380.85 I 100 1827.70 II 25 2856.46 II 40 5843.30 II
600 31630.13 I 50 1844.66 III 100 2868.180 I 50 5880.22 II
150 38345.75 I 40 1851.13 III 200 r 2880.767 I 300 6099.142 I
120 39964.36 I 40 1855.85 III 50 r 2881.224 I 100 6111.49 I
200 1856.67 III 200 2914.67 II 100 6325.166 I
Cadmium Cd Z = 48
150 1874.08 III 50 2927.87 II 30 6330.013 I
50 427.01 IV
300 1922.23 II 200 2929.27 II 400 6354.72 II
50 447.85 IV
100 1943.54 II 1000 r 2980.620 I 500 6359.98 II
60 480.90 IV
40 1965.54 II 200 r 2981.362 I 2000 6438.470 I
70 493.00 IV
30 1986.89 II 50 2981.845 I 400 6464.94 II
70 495.13 IV
200 1995.43 II 50 3030.60 II 25 6567.65 II
70 498.14 IV
100 2007.49 II 150 3080.822 I 500 6725.78 II
70 498.53 IV
50 2032.45 II 25 3081.48 II 100 6759.19 II
80 504.09 IV
75 2036.23 II 30 3082.593 I 30 6778.116 I
70 504.20 IV
40 2039.83 III 100 3092.34 II 50 7237.01 II
70 504.50 IV
50 2045.61 III 200 3133.167 I 100 7284.38 II
80 506.31 IV
75 2087.91 III 50 3146.79 II 1000 7345.670 I
60 508.01 IV
150 2096.00 II 150 3250.33 II 50 8066.99 II
50 508.95 IV
50 2111.60 III 300 3252.524 I 5 8200.309 I
70 509.55 IV
1000 r 2144.41 II 300 3261.055 I 20 9289. I
70 511.40 IV
50 2155.06 II 50 3343.21 II 15 11652. I
80 513.00 IV
100 2187.79 II 50 3385.49 II 35 14487. I
70 514.50 IV
1000 2194.56 II 30 3388.88 II 80 15708. I
60 519.42 IV
1000 2265.02 II 800 3403.652 I 55 d 19120. I
80 524.41 IV
1500 r 2288.022 I 50 3417.49 II 25 24371. I
70 524.47 IV
1000 2312.77 II 50 3442.42 II 35 25448. I
70 525.10 IV
200 2321.07 II 100 3464.43 II
60 525.19 IV Calcium Ca Z = 20
40 2376.82 II 1000 3466.200 I
70 527.07 IV 250 190.46 V
50 2418.69 II 800 3467.655 I
80 531.09 IV 250 196.97 V
50 2469.73 II 25 3483.08 II
80 531.51 IV 300 199.55 V
40 2487.93 II 150 3495.44 II
70 534.29 IV 250 200.51 V
40 2495.58 II 25 3499.952 I
70 536.77 IV 265 257.98 V
50 2509.11 II 100 3524.11 II
60 540.90 IV 400 267.77 V
30 2516.22 II 100 3535.69 II
70 541.74 IV 300 270.31 V
25 h 2525.196 I 1000 3610.508 I
80 542.60 IV 400 280.99 V
50 2544.613 I 800 3612.873 I
80 546.55 IV 300 284.98 V
50 2551.98 II 60 3614.453 I
60 553.06 IV 450 c 286.96 V
25 2553.465 I 20 3649.558 I
80 554.05 IV 500 322.17 V
3 2565.789 I 10 3981.926 I
60 567.01 IV 300 323.22 V
500 2572.93 II 100 4029.12 II
150 1118.16 IV 300 330.94 V
50 2580.106 I 200 4134.77 II
100 1164.65 IV 300 334.55 V
30 2592.026 I 50 4141.49 II
100 1183.40 IV 250 c 342.45 IV
25 h 2602.048 I 100 4285.08 II
100 1256.00 II 250 343.93 IV
50 2628.979 I 8 4306.672 I
150 1296.43 II 450 352.92 V
40 2632.190 I 100 4412.41 II
100 1326.50 II 250 377.18 V
75 2639.420 I 3 4412.989 I
60 1370.48 IV 200 387.08 V
40 2659.23 II 1000 4415.63 II
150 1370.91 II 750 425.00 V
50 h 2660.325 I 30 4440.45 II
60 1418.89 IV 600 434.57 IV
25 2668.20 II 8 4662.352 I
200 1514.26 II 250 437.77 IV
50 2672.62 II 200 4678.149 I
50 1545.17 III 750 443.82 IV
100 2677.540 I 30 4744.69 II
200 1571.58 II 500 450.57 IV
25 2677.748 I 300 4799.912 I
100 1668.60 II 500 558.60 V
50 2707.00 II 50 4881.72 II
50 1702.47 II 400 637.93 V
75 2712.505 I 50 5025.50 II
40 1707.16 III 300 643.12 V
50 2733.820 I 1000 h 5085.822 I
40 1722.95 III 400 646.57 V
1000 2748.54 II 6 5154.660 I
50 1724.41 II 750 656.00 IV
100 h 2763.894 I 100 5268.01 II
40 1747.67 III 300 656.76 V
50 h 2764.230 I 100 5271.60 II
40 1773.06 III 500 669.70 IV
50 2774.958 I 1000 5337.48 II
100 1785.84 II 24 1341.89 II


12 1342.54 II 20 4489.18 II 40 7820.78 II 250 371.75 III
Atomic
20 1433.75 II 19 4499.88 III 60 7843.38 II 150 371.78 III

20 1545.29 III 23 4526.94 I 20 8017.50 II 650 384.03 IV
60 1649.86 II 22 4578.55 I 20 8020.50 II 700 384.18 IV
20 1807.34 II 23 4581.40 I 70 8133.05 II 500 386.203 III
40 1814.50 II 23 4581.47 I 100 8201.72 II 400 419.52 IV
40 1838.01 II 24 4585.87 I 110 8248.80 II 500 419.71 IV
60 1840.06 II 24 4585.96 I 70 8254.73 II 200 450.734 III
20 1843.09 II 20 4685.27 I 130 8498.02 II 400 459.46 III
40 1850.69 II 30 4716.74 II 170 8542.09 II 500 459.52 III
17 2123.03 III 40 4721.03 II 160 8662.14 II 570 459.63 III
16 2152.43 III 40 4799.97 II 100 8912.07 II 250 511.522 III
16 2687.76 III 25 4878.13 I 110 8927.36 II 250 535.288 III
19 2881.78 III 70 5001.48 II 110 9213.90 II 300 538.080 III
21 2899.79 III 80 5019.97 II 90 9312.00 II 350 538.149 III
19 2924.33 III 40 5021.14 II 100 9319.56 II 400 538.312 III
20 2988.63 III 23 5041.62 I 110 9320.65 II 350 574.281 III
10 3006.86 I 25 5188.85 I 25 9416.97 I 9 595.022 II
15 3028.59 III 22 5261.71 I 100 9567.97 II 30 687.053 II
3 3055.32 I 23 5262.24 I 110 9599.24 II 50 687.345 II
19 3119.67 III 22 5264.24 I 80 9601.82 II 10 858.092 II
170 3158.87 II 24 5265.56 I 80 9854.74 II 20 858.559 II
180 3179.33 II 25 5270.27 I 110 9890.63 II 30 903.624 II
150 3181.28 II 60 5285.27 II 90 9931.39 II 60 903.962 II
20 3316.51 II 70 5307.22 II 100 10223.04 II 150 904.142 II
12 3361.92 I 50 5339.19 II 20 10343.81 I 30 904.480 II
19 3372.67 III 27 5349.47 I 20 11838.99 II 800 977.03 III
20 3461.87 II 23 5512.98 I 25 12816.04 I 9 1009.86 II
13 3487.60 I 25 5581.97 I 24 12823.86 I 10 1010.08 II
18 3537.77 III 27 5588.76 I 25 12909.10 I 10 1010.37 II
20 3644.41 I 24 5590.12 I 30 13033.57 I 80 1036.337 II
30 3683.70 II 26 5594.47 I 21 13086.44 I 150 1037.018 II
40 3694.11 II 25 5598.49 I 24 13134.95 I 150 1157.910 I
170 3706.03 II 24 5601.29 I 20 16150.77 I 150 1158.019 I
180 3736.90 II 24 5602.85 I 22 16157.36 I 150 1158.035 I
20 3755.67 II 30 5857.45 I 21 16197.04 I 370 1174.93 III
30 3758.39 II 27 6102.72 I 20 18925.47 I 350 1175.26 III
230 3933.66 II 29 6122.22 I 24 18970.14 I 330 1175.59 III
220 3968.47 II 22 6161.29 I 30 19046.14 I 500 1175.71 III
50 4097.10 II 30 6162.17 I 48 19309.20 I 350 1175.99 III
60 4109.82 II 22 6163.76 I 49 19452.99 I 370 1176.37 III
30 4110.28 II 24 6166.44 I 47 19505.72 I 150 1188.992 I
40 4206.18 II 26 6169.06 I 50 19776.79 I 150 1189.447 I
50 4220.07 II 28 6169.56 I 35 19853.10 I 200 1189.631 I
50 4226.73 I 35 6439.07 I 34 19862.22 I 300 1193.009 I
24 4283.01 I 30 6449.81 I 23 19917.19 I 300 1193.031 I
22 4289.36 I 22 6455.60 I 24 19933.70 I 300 1193.240 I
22 4298.99 I 80 6456.87 II 25 22624.93 I 300 1193.264 I
25 4302.53 I 34 6462.57 I 30 22651.23 I 100 1193.393 I
20 4302.81 III 29 6471.66 I 150 1193.649 I
Carbon C Z = 6
23 4307.74 I 32 6493.78 I 150 1193.679 I
110 34.973 V
22 4318.65 I 28 6499.65 I 100 1194.064 I
450 40.268 V
20 4355.08 I 23 6572.78 I 100 1194.488 I
110 227.19 V
19 4399.59 III 30 6717.69 I 100 1261.552 I
250 244.91 IV
25 4425.44 I 33 7148.15 I 250 1277.245 I
160 248.66 V
26 4434.96 I 31 7202.19 I 250 1277.282 I
160 248.74 V
25 4435.69 I 33 7326.15 I 300 1277.513 I
200 289.14 IV
30 4454.78 I 30 7575.81 II 300 1277.550 I
250 289.23 IV
28 4455.89 I 60 7581.11 II 200 1280.333 I
570 312.42 IV
20 4456.61 I 80 7601.30 II 100 1311.363 I
500 312.46 IV
20 4472.04 II 20 7602.32 II 9 1323.951 II
250 371.69 III


120 1329.578 I 1000 4267.26 II 250 9620.80 I 40000 3085.10 III
Atomic
120 1329.600 I 200 4325.56 III 300 9658.44 I 20000 3106.98 III
150 1334.532 II 600 4647.42 III 200 10683.08 I 30000 3110.53 III
300 1335.708 II 520 4650.25 III 300 10691.25 I 30000 3121.56 III
100 1354.288 I 375 4651.47 III 12 11619.29 I 20000 3141.29 III
150 1355.84 I 200 w 4658.30 IV 23 11628.83 I 20000 3143.96 III
120 1364.164 I 200 4665.86 III 13 11658.85 I 20000 3147.06 III
100 1459.032 I 200 4771.75 I 47 11659.68 I 710 3194.83 II
200 1463.336 I 200 4932.05 I 24 11669.63 I 990 3201.71 II
120 1467.402 I 5 4943.88 V 85 11748.22 I 710 3218.94 II
150 1481.764 I 5 4944.56 V 142 11753.32 I 880 3221.17 II
1000 1548.202 IV 200 5052.17 I 114 11754.76 I 710 3227.11 II
900 1550.774 IV 350 5132.94 II 11 11777.54 I 20000 3228.57 III
150 1560.310 I 350 5133.28 II 17 11892.91 I 710 3234.16 II
400 1560.683 I 350 5143.49 II 30 11895.75 I 990 3272.25 II
400 1560.708 I 570 5145.16 II 26 12614.10 I 20000 3353.29 III
100 1561.341 I 400 5151.09 II 20 13502.27 I 10000 3395.77 III
400 1561.438 I 300 5380.34 I 38 14399.65 I 30000 3427.36 III
150 1656.266 I 250 5648.07 II 16 14403.25 I 40000 3443.63 III
120 1656.928 I 350 5662.47 II 61 14420.12 I 30000 3454.39 III
300 1657.008 I 450 5695.92 III 12 14429.03 I 40000 3459.39 III
120 1657.380 I 250 5801.33 IV 13 14442.24 I 60000 3470.92 III
120 1657.907 I 200 5811.98 IV 12 16559.66 I 710 3485.05 II
150 1658.122 I 150 5826.42 III 50 16890.38 I 50000 3497.81 III
500 1751.823 I 570 5889.77 II 10 17338.56 I 60000 3504.64 III
1000 1930.905 I 350 5891.59 II 11 17448.60 I 770 3539.08 II
250 2162.94 III 200 6001.13 I 13 18139.80 I 50000 3544.07 III
40 2270.91 V 250 6006.03 I 23 19721.99 I 1200 3560.80 II
5 2277.25 V 110 6007.18 I 1000 3577.45 II
Cerium Ce Z = 58
20 2277.92 V 150 6010.68 I 1800 3655.85 II
300 399.36 V
800 2296.87 III 300 6013.22 I 880 3660.64 II
200 482.96 V
800 2478.56 I 250 6014.84 I 880 3667.98 II
40 741.79 IV
250 2509.12 II 800 6578.05 II 1000 3709.29 II
30 754.60 IV
350 2512.06 II 570 6582.88 II 1000 3709.93 II
75 1332.16 IV
200 l 2524.41 IV 200 6587.61 I 1400 3716.37 II
75 1372.72 IV
300 s 2529.98 IV 150 6744.38 III 800 3728.42 II
100 2000.42 IV
250 h 2574.83 II 250 6783.90 II 860 3786.63 II
100 2009.94 IV
150 2697.75 III 150 h 7037.25 III 2500 3801.52 II
10000 2318.64 III
110 l 2724.85 III 250 7113.18 I 800 3803.09 II
10000 2372.34 III
150 l 2725.30 III 250 7115.19 I 1000 3808.11 II
10000 2380.12 III
150 l 2725.90 III 250 7115.63 II 1100 3838.54 II
10000 2431.45 III
350 l 2741.28 II 200 7116.99 I 860 3848.59 II
15000 2439.80 III
250 2746.49 II 350 7119.90 II 860 3853.15 II
10000 2454.32 III
1000 2836.71 II 800 7231.32 II 1200 3854.18 II
10000 2469.95 III
800 2837.60 II 1000 7236.42 II 1200 3854.31 II
10000 2483.82 III
200 2982.11 III 150 7612.65 III 1100 3878.36 II
10000 2497.50 III
800 h 2992.62 II 90 w 7726.2 IV 1500 3882.45 II
20000 2531.99 III
350 3876.19 II 200 7860.89 I 1000 3889.98 II
10000 2603.59 III
350 3876.41 II 200 8058.62 I 770 3907.29 II
340 2651.01 II
350 3876.66 II 300 h 8196.48 III 980 3912.44 II
270 2830.90 II
570 3918.98 II 150 8332.99 III 770 3918.28 II
250 2874.14 II
800 3920.69 II 520 8335.15 I 770 3931.09 II
10000 2923.81 III
150 4056.06 III 300 8500.32 III 770 3940.34 II
10000 2931.54 III
200 4067.94 III 250 9061.43 I 2000 3942.15 II
400 2976.91 II
250 4068.91 III 200 9062.47 I 2700 3942.75 II
10000 3022.75 III
250 4070.26 III 200 9078.28 I 770 3943.89 II
50000 3031.58 III
250 4074.52 II 250 9088.51 I 3100 3952.54 II
95000 3055.59 III
350 l 4075.85 II 450 9094.83 I 980 3956.28 II
20000 3056.56 III
150 4162.86 III 300 9111.80 I 770 3960.91 II
40000 3057.23 III
250 h 4186.90 III 800 9405.73 I 770 3967.05 II
20000 3057.58 III
800 4267.00 II 150 9603.03 I 770 3978.65 II
680 3063.01 II


770 3984.68 II 280 5159.69 I 25 7329.91 I 630 2845.70 III
Atomic
700 3992.39 II 280 5161.48 I 25 7397.77 I 3100 2859.32 III

910 3993.82 II 370 5187.46 II 25 7616.11 II 200 2893.85 III
2800 3999.24 II 260 5223.46 I 25 7689.17 II 180 2921.13 III
910 4003.77 II 260 5245.92 I 22 7844.94 II 3200 2976.86 III
2700 4012.39 II 340 5274.23 II 22 7857.54 II 210 3001.28 III
910 4014.90 II 450 5353.53 II 30 8025.56 II 1700 3066.59 III
840 4024.49 II 300 5393.40 II 25 8772.14 II 1100 c 3149.36 III
840 4028.41 II 280 5409.23 II 30 8891.20 II 1400 3152.36 III
840 4031.34 II 260 5512.08 II 8400 3268.32 III
Cesium Ce Z = 55
2100 4040.76 II 300 5696.99 I 1300 3315.51 III
10000 614.01 III
910 4042.58 II 370 5699.23 I 550 3340.60 III
2000 638.17 III
700 4053.51 II 240 5719.03 I 430 3344.02 III
2500 666.25 III
1100 4071.81 II 230 5940.86 I 1200 3349.46 III
5000 691.60 III
1800 4073.48 II 55 6001.90 I 400 3463.45 III
3500 703.89 III
1500 4075.71 II 55 6005.86 I 580 3476.83 III
15000 718.14 II
1500 4075.85 II 55 6006.82 I 480 3559.82 III
20000 721.79 III
910 4083.23 II 75 6013.42 I 7200 3597.45 III
20000 722.20 III
770 4118.14 II 110 6024.20 I 1300 3608.31 III
5000 731.56 III
980 4123.87 II 10000 6032.54 III 2300 3618.19 III
12000 740.29 III
980 4127.37 II 110 6043.39 II 300 c 3641.34 III
15000 808.76 II
2700 4133.80 II 55 6047.40 I 520 3651.08 III
15000 813.84 II
2000 4137.65 II 10000 6060.91 III 4800 3661.40 III
7500 830.39 III
770 4142.40 II 45 6098.34 II 640 3699.50 III
35000 901.27 II
980 4149.94 II 45 6123.67 I 430 3837.46 III
15000 920.35 III
1400 4151.97 II 35 6143.36 II 2100 c 3876.15 I
40000 926.66 II
1300 4165.61 II 35 6186.17 I 2900 3888.37 III
25000 c 1054.79 III
3500 4186.60 II 35 6208.98 I 600 c 3888.61 I
17 c 1673.99 III
840 4198.72 II 35 6228.94 I 2700 3925.60 III
12 1705.25 III
910 4202.94 II 23 6232.45 II 680 c 4001.70 III
10 1801.83 III
1500 4222.60 II 28 6237.45 I 3100 4006.55 III
20 c 1822.40 III
770 4227.75 II 45 6272.05 II 420 4006.78 III
11 1823.93 III
980 4239.92 II 35 6295.58 I 520 4043.42 III
12 1824.70 III
1100 4248.68 II 28 6299.51 II 14000 4264.70 II
12 1841.80 III
2000 4289.94 II 23 6300.21 I 18000 w 4277.13 II
25 1915.50 III
1500 4296.67 II 35 6310.01 I 370 4403.86 III
25 c 1923.29 III
770 4300.33 II 35 6343.95 II 1200 4410.22 III
12 1961.33 III
770 4306.72 II 35 6371.11 II 940 4425.68 III
17 1996.56 III
980 4337.77 II 28 6386.84 I 530 4471.48 III
710 2035.11 III
700 4349.79 II 23 6393.02 II 12000 4501.55 II
120 2056.43 III
910 4364.66 II 35 6430.07 I 1200 4506.72 III
330 2076.43 III
910 4382.17 II 23 6436.40 I 590 4522.86 III
540 2077.30 III
700 4386.84 II 35 6458.03 I 20000 4526.74 II
410 2088.68 III
1700 4391.66 II 28 6467.39 I 1000 c 4555.28 I
210 2101.63 III
980 4418.78 II 35 6473.72 I 460 c 4593.17 I
200 2141.47 III
770 4449.34 II 23 6513.59 II 99900 4603.79 II
1000 2316.88 III
2400 4460.21 II 45 6555.65 I 420 h 4620.61 III
230 2325.95 III
1400 4471.24 II 23 6579.10 I 210 4665.52 III
390 2340.49 III
700 4479.36 II 22 6612.06 I 25000 4830.19 II
1600 2455.81 III
700 4483.90 II 30 6628.93 I 140 4851.59 III
1600 2477.57 III
840 4486.91 II 22 6652.72 II 19000 4870.04 II
890 2485.45 III
770 4523.08 II 26 6700.66 I 37000 4952.85 II
410 2495.07 III
840 4527.35 II 35 6704.27 I 370 5035.72 III
1400 2525.67 III
840 4528.47 II 30 6774.28 II 27000 5043.80 II
430 2573.05 III
840 4539.75 II 35 6775.59 I 75000 5227.04 II
16000 2596.86 III
2100 4562.36 II 30 6924.81 I 29000 5249.38 II
390 2610.12 III
1100 4572.28 II 30 6986.02 I 11000 5274.05 II
6200 2630.51 III
840 4593.93 II 35 7061.75 II 10000 c 5349.13 II
370 2700.32 III
1700 4628.16 II 35 7086.35 II 22000 5370.99 II
710 2701.20 III
310 4737.28 II 22 7238.36 II 230 5380.79 III
390 2776.44 III
470 5079.68 II 25 7252.75 I 60 c 5465.94 I
270 2810.87 III


37 5502.88 I 1500 17012.32 I 2500 728.951 II 12000 1396.527 I
Atomic
39000 5563.02 II 760 20138.47 I 2000 777.562 II 500 1441.470 II
100 5635.21 I 880 22811.86 I 5000 787.580 II 500 1528.569 II
210 c 5664.02 I 1100 23037.98 I 5000 788.740 II 500 1542.942 II
27 5745.72 I 3900 23344.47 I 5000 793.342 II 500 1558.144 II
24000 5831.14 II 4400 24251.21 I 500 834.84 IV 500 1565.050 II
59 c 5838.83 I 850 24374.96 I 500 834.97 IV 600 1822.50 III
300 5845.14 I 890 d 25763.51 I 6000 839.297 II 500 1828.40 III
51000 5925.63 II 500 25764.73 I 8000 839.599 II 500 1857.488 II
140 5950.14 III 680 c 29310.06 I 600 840.93 IV 500 1901.61 III
110 5979.97 III 2800 30103.27 I 5000 851.691 II 500 1983.61 III
640 c 6010.49 I 610 c 30953.06 I 2000 888.026 II 450 h 1997.370 II
86 6034.09 I 1100 34900.13 I 2000 893.549 II 450 2032.116 II
150 6043.99 III 190 36131.00 I 2000 961.499 II 350 h 2088.583 II
870 6079.86 III 2c 39177.28 I 500 973.21 IV 350 h 2091.458 II
9800 6128.61 II 2d 39421.25 I 600 977.56 IV 700 2253.07 III
330 6150.42 III 1 39424.11 I 40 978.284 I 500 2268.95 III
1000 6213.10 I 700 984.95 IV 500 2278.34 III
Chlorine Cl Z = 17
170 6217.60 I 25 998.372 I 700 2283.93 III
500 392.43 V
450 6242.96 III 25 998.432 I 600 2323.50 III
800 486.17 IV
320 c 6354.55 I 75 1002.346 I 500 2336.45 III
800 534.73 IV
510 6456.33 III 500 1005.28 III 600 2340.64 III
700 535.67 IV
8300 6495.53 II 600 1008.78 III 600 2359.67 III
600 536.15 IV
10000 w 6536.44 II 150 1013.664 I 600 2370.37 III
900 537.61 IV
490 6586.51 I 700 1015.02 III 700 2416.42 III
500 538.03 V
97 6628.66 I 90 1025.553 I 600 2447.14 III
600 538.12 IV
8800 6646.57 II 6000 1063.831 II 600 2448.58 III
800 542.23 V
3300 c 6723.28 I 3000 1067.945 II 500 2486.91 III
600 542.30 V
9600 6724.47 II 9000 1071.036 II 500 2532.48 III
1000 545.11 V
400 6753.12 III 6000 1071.767 II 600 2580.67 III
600 546.33 V
200 6824.65 I 5000 1075.230 II 500 2603.59 III
1000 547.63 V
300 6870.45 I 5000 1079.080 II 500 2632.67 III
500 549.22 IV
37000 6955.50 II 200 1084.667 I 500 2633.18 III
700 552.02 IV
4800 6973.30 I 200 1085.171 I 600 2665.54 III
600 553.30 IV
16000 6979.67 II 250 1085.304 I 700 2710.37 III
700 554.62 IV
980 6983.49 I 400 1088.06 I 500 2724.03 IV
600 556.23 III
13000 w 7149.54 II 350 1090.271 I 500 2751.23 IV
700 556.61 III
1900 c 7219.60 III 250 1090.982 I 700 2782.47 IV
700 557.12 III
790 7228.53 I 250 1092.437 I 600 2965.56 III
350 559.305 II
130 7279.90 I 400 1094.769 I 500 3063.13 IV
700 561.53 III
1100 7279.96 I 350 1095.148 I 600 3076.68 IV
700 561.68 III
2600 c 7608.90 I 350 1095.662 I 600 3104.46 III
700 561.74 III
3300 7943.88 I 400 1095.797 I 800 3139.34 III
400 571.904 II
22000 7997.44 II 250 1096.810 I 900 3191.45 III
800 574.406 II
3500 8015.73 I 300 1097.369 I 700 3289.80 III
500 601.50 IV
510 8078.94 I 200 1098.068 I 700 3320.57 III
500 604.59 IV
4500 8079.04 I 200 1099.523 I 800 3329.06 III
500 606.35 III
59000 c 8521.13 I 500 1107.528 I 900 3340.42 III
700 618.057 II
15000 c 8761.41 I 800 1139.214 II 800 3392.89 III
600 619.982 II
61000 c 8943.47 I 800 1167.148 I 800 3393.45 III
800 620.298 II
18000 9172.32 I 3000 1179.293 I 900 3530.03 III
700 626.735 II
5200 9208.53 I 1200 1188.774 I 800 3560.68 III
800 635.881 II
19000 10024.36 I 900 1201.353 I 900 3602.10 III
1000 636.626 II
4800 10123.41 I 3000 1335.726 I 800 3612.85 III
1000 650.894 II
26000 10123.60 I 10000 1347.240 I 700 3622.69 III
1000 659.811 II
2900 13424.31 I 5000 1351.657 I 700 3656.95 III
1300 661.841 II
38000 c 13588.29 I 12000 1363.447 I 700 3670.28 III
2000 663.074 II
8400 13602.56 I 2500 1373.116 I 700 3682.05 III
1500 682.053 II
5700 13758.81 I 20000 1379.528 I 600 3705.45 III
1500 687.656 II
55000 c 14694.91 I 25000 1389.693 I 600 3707.34 III
1500 693.594 II
820 16535.63 I 20000 1389.957 I 800 3720.45 III
2000 725.271 II


800 3748.81 III 2300 7899.31 I 310 13296.0 I 130 2383.33 I
Atomic
500 3779.35 III 1800 7915.08 I 550 13346.8 I 140 2408.62 I

10000 3850.99 II 3000 7924.645 I 525 13821.7 I 170 2496.31 I
25000 3860.83 II 2100 7933.89 I 294 14931.7 I 110 2502.53 I
500 3925.87 III 1700 7935.012 I 269 15108.0 I 190 2504.31 I
700 3991.50 III 650 7952.52 I 381 15465.1 I 110 2516.92 I
600 4018.50 III 1500 7974.72 I 1094 15520.3 I 390 2519.52 I
600 4059.07 III 1300 7976.97 I 1487 15730.1 I 190 2527.12 I
500 4104.23 III 600 7980.60 I 2780 15869.7 I 160 2549.54 I
500 4106.83 III 2900 7997.85 I 277 15883.3 I 130 2560.69 I
10000 h 4132.50 II 2200 8015.61 I 342 15928.9 I 150 2571.74 I
500 4608.21 III 1100 8023.33 I 735 15960.0 I 100 2577.65 I
40 4623.938 I 400 8051.07 I 283 15970.5 I 380 2591.85 I
50 4654.040 I 1700 8084.51 I 259 16198.5 I 250 2653.59 II
80 4661.208 I 2200 8085.56 I 717 19755.3 I 250 2658.59 II
45 4691.523 I 3000 8086.67 I 100 24470.0 I 320 2663.42 II
40 4721.255 I 1300 8087.73 I 39716.0 I 440 2666.02 II
45 4740.729 I 2500 8194.42 I 40085.5 I 280 2668.71 II
13000 4781.32 II 2200 8199.13 I 40089.5 I 350 2671.81 II
99000 4794.55 II 2200 8200.21 I 40532.2 I 280 2672.83 II
29000 4810.06 II 800 8203.78 I 1800 2677.16 II
Chromium Cr Z = 24
16000 4819.47 II 18000 8212.04 I 320 2678.79 II
100 438.62 V
81000 4896.77 II 3000 8220.45 I 230 2687.09 II
100 464.02 V
47000 4904.78 II 20000 8221.74 I 280 2691.04 II
100 620.66 IV
26000 4917.73 II 18000 8333.31 I 180 2698.41 II
100 629.26 IV
10000 4995.48 II 99900 8375.94 I 180 2698.69 II
80 630.30 IV
26000 5078.26 II 400 8406.199 I 110 2701.99 I
100 666.55 IV
30 5099.789 I 15000 8428.25 I 140 2712.31 II
100 693.92 IV
56000 5217.94 II 2200 8467.34 I 170 2722.75 II
60 1030.47 III
23000 5221.36 II 2200 8550.44 I 420 h 2726.51 I
100 1033.69 III
15000 5392.12 II 20000 8575.24 I 280 h 2731.91 I
100 1036.03 III
99000 5423.23 II 750 8578.02 I 170 h 2736.47 I
80 1055.89 IV
10000 5423.51 II 75000 8585.97 I 250 2743.64 II
80 1068.41 III
19000 5443.37 II 450 8628.54 I 110 h 2748.29 I
100 1116.48 V
10000 5444.21 II 300 8641.71 I 330 2748.98 II
150 1121.07 V
40 5532.162 I 3500 8686.26 I 390 2750.73 II
150 1127.63 V
50 d 5796.305 I 2200 8912.92 I 280 2751.87 II
100 1263.50 V
45 5799.914 I 3000 8948.06 I 110 h 2752.88 I
100 1417.42 IV
30 5856.742 I 2000 9038.982 I 150 2757.10 I
150 1465.86 V
50 6019.812 I 2500 9045.43 I 350 2757.72 II
150 1497.97 V
200 6140.245 I 1000 9069.656 I 750 2762.59 II
170 1519.03 V
160 6194.757 I 2000 9073.17 I 750 2766.54 II
220 1579.70 V
150 6434.833 I 7500 9121.15 I 250 h 2769.92 I
170 1591.72 V
300 6932.903 I 3000 9191.731 I 610 2780.70 I
150 1603.19 V
300 6981.886 I 500 9197.596 I 180 2822.37 II
120 1672.66 IV
600 7086.814 I 4000 9288.86 I 180 2830.47 II
120 1758.51 IV
7500 7256.62 I 1500 9393.862 I 2500 2835.63 II
140 1802.72 IV
5000 7414.11 I 3500 9452.10 I 110 2840.02 II
130 1812.41 IV
550 7462.370 I 500 9486.964 I 1700 2843.25 II
200 1837.44 V
550 7489.47 I 1000 9584.801 I 1200 2849.84 II
140 1873.89 IV
700 7492.118 I 3500 9592.22 I 120 2851.36 II
140 1967.18 IV
11000 7547.072 I 250 9632.509 I 880 2855.68 II
120 1972.07 IV
2300 7672.42 I 1000 9702.439 I 610 2858.91 II
19000 2055.52 II
450 7702.828 I 250 9744.426 I 440 2860.93 II
14000 2061.49 II
7000 7717.581 I 200 9807.057 I 790 2862.57 II
8900 2065.42 II
10000 7744.97 I 400 9875.970 I 750 2865.11 II
200 2226.72 III
2200 7769.16 I 331 10392.549 I 610 2866.74 II
200 2235.91 III
650 7771.09 I 300 11123.05 I 480 2867.65 II
150 2237.59 III
2200 7821.36 I 269 11409.69 I 210 2870.44 II
150 2244.10 III
1700 7830.75 I 1000 11436.33 I 110 2871.63 I
150 2284.44 III
3000 7878.22 I 350 13243.8 I 160 2873.48 II
150 2324.88 III


320 2875.99 II 220 3197.08 II 110 3807.93 I 110 4374.16 I
Atomic
230 2876.24 II 170 3209.18 II 180 3815.43 I 530 4384.98 I
180 2877.98 II 140 3217.40 II 180 3819.56 I 110 4458.54 I
120 2879.27 I 120 3245.54 I 130 3826.42 I 660 4496.86 I
170 2887.00 I 130 3251.84 I 130 3830.03 I 380 4526.47 I
700 2889.29 I 130 3257.82 I 380 3841.28 I 380 4530.74 I
370 2893.25 I 130 3339.80 II 190 3848.98 I 240 4535.72 I
190 2894.17 I 110 3342.59 II 140 3849.36 I 240 4540.50 I
210 2896.75 I 170 3358.50 II 290 3850.04 I 240 4540.72 I
180 2905.49 I 160 3360.30 II 140 3852.22 I 140 4544.62 I
260 2909.05 I 430 3368.05 II 190 3854.22 I 600 4545.96 I
260 2910.90 I 140 3382.68 II 110 3855.29 I 120 4565.51 I
250 2911.14 I 170 3403.32 II 140 3855.57 I 120 4571.68 I
480 2967.64 I 360 3408.76 II 260 3857.63 I 360 4580.06 I
480 2971.11 I 210 3421.21 II 660 3883.29 I 360 4591.39 I
210 2971.91 II 270 3422.74 II 570 3885.22 I 480 4600.75 I
480 2975.48 I 140 3433.31 II 380 3886.79 I 240 4613.37 I
190 2979.74 II 270 3433.60 I 260 3894.04 I 600 4616.14 I
350 2980.79 I 160 3436.19 I 360 3902.92 I 550 4626.19 I
110 2985.32 II 140 3441.44 I 960 3908.76 I 1600 4646.17 I
480 2985.85 I 170 3445.62 I 120 hd 3911.82 I 570 4651.28 I
1500 2986.00 I 170 3447.43 I 120 3915.84 I 840 4652.16 I
2100 2986.47 I 190 3453.33 I 190 3916.24 I 240 d 4698.46 I
660 2988.65 I 130 3455.60 I 1900 3919.16 I 190 4708.04 I
160 2989.19 II 100 3460.43 I 600 3921.02 I 240 4718.43 I
480 2991.89 I 120 3550.64 I 600 3928.64 I 120 4730.71 I
230 2994.07 I 130 3566.16 I 410 3941.49 I 140 4737.35 I
300 2995.10 I 130 3573.64 I 1900 3963.69 I 340 4756.11 I
700 2996.58 I 330 h 3574.80 I 120 3969.06 I 190 4789.32 I
210 2998.79 I 19000 3578.69 I 1600 3969.75 I 120 4801.03 I
1100 3000.89 I 160 h 3584.33 I 1600 3976.66 I 110 4829.38 I
750 3005.06 I 130 3585.30 II 960 3983.91 I 140 4870.80 I
140 3013.03 I 17000 3593.49 I 190 3984.34 I 130 4887.01 I
710 3013.71 I 350 3601.67 I 160 3989.99 I 260 4922.27 I
710 3014.76 I 13000 3605.33 I 960 3991.12 I 110 4936.33 I
1400 3014.92 I 130 3632.84 I 160 3991.67 I 70 4942.50 I
710 3015.19 I 350 3636.59 I 190 3992.84 I 110 4954.81 I
2800 3017.57 I 630 3639.80 I 160 4001.44 I 60 5013.32 I
430 3018.50 I 220 3641.83 I 120 4012.47 II 70 5166.23 I
240 3018.82 I 220 3649.00 I 120 4026.17 I 70 5184.59 I
430 3020.67 I 170 3653.91 I 190 4039.10 I 70 5192.00 I
2800 3021.56 I 220 3656.26 I 160 4048.78 I 85 5196.44 I
1100 3024.35 I 130 3663.21 I 120 4058.77 I 5300 5204.52 I
170 3029.16 I 120 3685.55 I 140 4126.52 I 8400 5206.04 I
710 3030.24 I 130 3686.80 I 120 4153.82 I 11000 5208.44 I
140 3031.35 I 130 3687.25 I 140 4163.62 I 85 5224.94 I
390 3034.19 I 130 3730.81 I 170 4174.80 I 290 5247.56 I
550 3037.04 I 150 3732.03 I 170 4179.26 I 530 5264.15 I
550 3040.85 I 480 3743.58 I 110 4209.37 I 180 5265.72 I
110 3050.14 II 570 3743.88 I 20000 4254.35 I 95 h 5275.17 I
710 3053.88 I 340 3749.00 I 110 4263.14 I 70 h 5276.03 I
240 3118.65 II 230 3757.66 I 16000 4274.80 I 340 5296.69 I
430 3120.37 II 260 3768.24 I 10000 4289.72 I 70 h 5297.36 I
470 3124.94 II 130 3791.38 I 780 4337.57 I 660 5298.27 I
120 3128.70 II 130 3792.14 I 1100 4339.45 I 85 5300.75 I
590 3132.06 II 120 3793.29 I 380 4339.72 I 340 h 5328.34 I
140 3136.68 II 130 3793.88 I 1900 4344.51 I 70 h 5329.17 I
140 3147.23 II 140 3797.13 I 380 4351.05 I 780 5345.81 I
100 3155.15 I 200 3797.72 I 2300 4351.77 I 380 5348.32 I
100 3163.76 I 530 3804.80 I 570 4359.63 I 40 5400.61 I
240 3180.70 II 110 3806.83 I 530 4371.28 I 1400 5409.79 I


24 5628.64 I 1800 1955.17 I 200 2347.39 II 800 2580.32 II
Atomic
7 5642.36 I 1500 1958.55 I 1600 2352.85 I 300 d 2582.22 II

24 5664.04 I 1500 1961.59 I 200 d 2353.41 II 500 2587.22 II
24 5694.73 I 1500 h 1968.69 I 2000 2353.42 I 500 2587.52 II
40 5698.33 I 1500 h 1968.93 I 500 2363.80 II 200 2588.91 II
24 5702.31 I 3000 1970.71 I 400 2378.62 II 100 p 2605.71 II
24 5712.78 I 1800 h 1971.16 I 1400 2380.48 I 100 2612.50 II
24 h 5783.11 I 1800 h 1972.52 I 200 2381.76 II 100 2614.36 II
30 h 5783.93 I 1500 1973.85 I 300 p 2383.45 II 100 p 2628.77 II
24 h 5785.00 I 1800 1976.97 I 1400 2384.86 I 100 2632.26 II
19 h 5785.82 I 2400 h 1980.89 I 200 2386.36 II 100 2636.07 II
60 h 5787.99 I 1500 1989.80 I 500 2388.92 II 310 2646.42 I
180 h 5791.00 I 1800 1990.34 I 200 2397.38 II 770 2648.64 I
35 6330.10 I 1500 l 1998.49 I 1100 d 2402.06 I 100 2653.72 II
22 6362.87 I 1500 2002.32 I 200 p 2404.16 II 100 2663.53 II
19 6661.08 I 900 2008.04 I 5300 2407.25 I 200 2666.73 II
21 h 6883.03 I 50 2011.51 II 5300 2411.62 I 100 2675.85 II
27 h 6924.13 I 1200 h 2014.58 I 1600 2412.76 I 100 2684.42 II
30 h 6978.48 I 900 2016.17 I 4800 2414.46 I 100 2702.02 II
85 7355.90 I 50 2022.35 II 4800 2415.30 I 200 2706.62 II
130 7400.21 I 50 2027.04 II 300 2417.65 II 200 2707.35 II
150 7462.31 I 900 2031.96 I 4100 2424.93 I 190 2715.99 I
40 8947.15 I 1500 2039.95 I 3300 2432.21 I 100 2727.78 II
19 8976.83 I 1200 2041.11 I 2900 2436.66 I 80 2734.54 II
50 2065.54 II 2400 2439.05 I 190 2745.10 I
Cobalt Co Z = 27
1500 h 2077.76 I 200 2442.63 II 100 2753.22 II
20 355.52 V
900 2085.67 I 200 d 2446.03 II 190 2764.19 I
18 355.88 V
900 2087.55 I 200 p 2447.69 II 100 2766.70 II
12 356.06 V
900 2089.35 I 200 2450.00 II 100 2774.97 II
66 609.16 IV
900 2093.40 I 200 2464.20 II 100 2791.00 II
70 609.21 IV
900 2094.86 I 200 2486.44 II 100 2793.73 II
64 609.28 IV
900 2095.77 I 200 2498.82 II 150 2815.56 I
10 1018.36 V
1200 2097.51 I 570 2504.52 I 80 2835.63 II
10 1021.14 V
1500 2104.73 I 500 2506.46 II 80 2847.35 II
15 1231.73 V
1500 2106.80 I 360 2506.88 I 80 2871.22 II
50 1277.01 V
900 2108.98 I 200 2511.16 II 190 2886.44 I
80 1299.58 II
900 s 2117.68 I 860 2517.87 I 100 2918.38 II
80 1306.95 II
900 2137.78 I 500 2519.82 II 100 2930.24 II
50 1345.67 V
900 2138.97 I 4300 2521.36 I 100 2954.73 II
1000 1696.01 III
900 2163.03 I 200 h 2524.65 II 690 2987.16 I
800 1697.99 III
1100 2174.60 I 300 2524.97 II 690 2989.59 I
1000 1707.35 III
200 2193.60 II 500 2528.62 II 60 3022.59 II
5000 1760.35 III
200 2256.73 II 2900 2528.97 I 3100 3044.00 I
5000 1773.57 III
150 2260.00 II 200 p 2530.09 II 1700 3061.82 I
2000 1780.05 III
200 2283.52 II 720 2530.13 I 80 3387.70 II
3000 1782.97 III
1000 2286.15 II 860 2532.18 I 1100 3388.17 I
1000 1787.08 III
200 2291.98 II 200 d 2533.82 II 2200 3395.38 I
1000 1789.07 III
300 d 2293.38 II 2900 2535.96 I 11000 3405.12 I
1000 1823.08 III
300 2301.40 II 860 2536.49 I 4500 3409.18 I
2000 1830.09 III
800 d 2307.85 II 300 2541.94 II 6700 3412.34 I
2000 1831.44 III
2600 2309.02 I 1700 2544.25 I 2200 3412.63 I
5000 1835.00 III
500 2311.60 II 200 2546.74 II 2700 3417.16 I
1500 1842.34 I
500 2314.05 II 340 2548.34 I 50 3423.84 II
1800 1847.89 I
300 2314.96 II 310 2553.37 I 2500 3431.58 I
1800 1852.71 I
200 p 2317.06 II 310 2555.07 I 4500 3433.04 I
2400 1855.05 I
2400 2323.14 I 300 2559.41 II 1600 3442.93 I
2000 1863.83 III
300 p 2324.31 II 200 2560.03 II 8800 3443.64 I
1500 1878.28 I
200 d 2326.11 II 960 2562.15 I 50 3446.39 II
1800 1936.58 I
500 2326.47 II 500 2564.04 II 4100 3449.17 I
1500 1946.79 I
1400 2335.99 I 1100 2567.35 I 2100 3449.44 I
1500 1951.90 I
1600 2338.67 I 960 2574.35 I 21000 3453.50 I
1800 1954.22 I


1000 3455.23 I 90 4549.66 I 200 974.759 II 250 1418.426 II
Atomic
5100 3462.80 I 140 4565.59 I 250 977.567 II 250 1421.759 II
5100 3465.80 I 190 4581.60 I 100 987.657 II 200 1427.829 II
8000 3474.02 I 120 4629.38 I 250 992.953 II 400 1430.243 II
1900 3483.41 I 85 4663.41 I 300 1004.055 II 250 1434.904 II
4800 3489.40 I 110 4792.86 I 300 1008.569 II 150 1436.236 II
2400 3495.69 I 100 4840.27 I 300 1008.728 II 150 1442.139 II
50 3501.72 II 150 4867.88 I 300 1010.269 II 200 1445.984 II
9600 3502.28 I 80 h 4964.18 II 250 1012.597 II 200 1449.058 II
7000 3506.32 I 50 5212.71 I 500 1018.707 II 250 1450.304 II
50 3507.77 II 50 5230.22 I 500 1027.831 II 200 1452.294 II
2900 3509.84 I 50 5247.93 I 250 1028.328 II 300 1458.002 II
1400 3510.43 I 50 5342.71 I 200 1030.263 II 250 1459.412 II
4800 3512.64 I 50 5352.05 I 600 1036.470 II 200 1463.752 II
3800 3513.48 I 600 1039.348 II 400 1463.838 II
Copper Cu Z = 29
4800 3518.35 I 600 1039.582 II 200 1466.070 II
80 685.141 II
1300 3520.08 I 800 1044.519 II 400 1470.697 II
100 709.313 II
2700 3521.57 I 800 1044.744 II 200 1472.395 II
100 718.179 II
3800 3523.43 I 500 1049.755 II 250 1473.978 II
150 724.489 II
60 3523.51 II 600 1054.690 II 200 1474.935 II
200 735.520 II
6400 3526.85 I 400 1055.797 II 150 1476.059 II
250 736.032 II
2700 3529.03 I 600 1056.955 II 300 r 1481.23 III
80 779.295 II
7300 3529.81 I 400 1058.799 II 200 1481.544 II
100 797.455 II
1900 3533.36 I 600 1059.096 II 200 1485.328 II
150 810.998 II
50 3545.03 II 600 1060.634 II 750 1488.831 II
200 813.883 II
1100 3560.89 I 600 1063.005 II 300 1492.834 II
300 826.996 II
80 3561.07 II 200 1065.782 II 250 1493.366 II
150 848.808 II
8800 3569.38 I 200 1066.134 II 250 1495.430 II
250 851.303 II
50 3574.95 II 500 1069.195 II 350 1496.687 II
250 858.487 II
1600 3574.96 I 300 1073.745 II 150 1503.368 II
400 861.994 II
60 3575.32 II 200 1088.395 II 250 1504.757 II
400 865.390 II
2500 3575.36 I 300 1094.402 II 200 1505.388 II
250 869.336 II
60 3577.96 II 250 1097.053 II 300 1508.632 II
150 873.263 II
1000 3585.16 I 150 1119.947 II 350 1510.506 II
200 876.723 II
6700 3587.19 I 200 1142.640 II 200 1512.465 II
250 877.012 II
1900 3594.87 I 300 1144.856 II 200 1513.366 II
200 877.555 II
1600 3602.08 I 100 1250.048 II 500 1514.492 II
500 878.699 II
100 3621.21 II 150 1265.506 II 200 1517.631 II
100 884.133 II
1000 3627.81 I 300 1275.572 II 500 1519.492 II
250 885.847 II
80 3643.61 II 150 1282.455 II 600 1519.837 II
600 886.943 II
60 3681.35 II 150 1287.468 II 200 1520.540 II
600 890.567 II
1100 3745.50 I 150 1298.395 II 200 1524.860 II
500 892.414 II
1400 3842.05 I 300 1308.297 II 150 1525.764 II
800 893.678 II
6900 3845.47 I 300 1314.337 II 500 1531.856 II
400 894.227 II
5500 3873.12 I 100 1320.686 II 300 1532.131 II
600 896.759 II
2800 3873.96 I 100 1326.395 II 250 1533.986 II
400 896.976 II
7900 3894.08 I 150 1350.594 II 250 1535.002 II
600 901.073 II
1500 3935.97 I 250 1351.837 II 500 1537.559 II
400 906.113 II
80 h 3963.10 II 150 1355.305 II 200 1540.239 II
800 914.213 II
6000 3995.31 I 300 1358.773 II 300 1540.389 II
600 922.019 II
970 3997.91 I 200 1359.009 II 300 1540.588 II
500 924.239 II
350 4020.90 I 200 1362.600 II 750 1541.703 II
400 935.232 II
370 4045.39 I 250 1367.951 II 400 1544.677 II
600 935.898 II
350 4066.37 I 200 1371.840 II 100 1547.958 II
600 943.335 II
830 4092.39 I 300 r 1376.79 III 300 1550.653 II
600 945.525 II
550 4110.54 I 200 r 1377.49 III 300 1551.389 II
500 945.965 II
2800 4118.77 I 100 1393.128 II 500 1552.646 II
200 954.383 II
4400 4121.32 I 100 1398.642 II 250 1553.896 II
250 956.290 II
90 4190.71 I 150 1402.777 II 400 1555.134 II
400 958.154 II
90 4469.56 I 150 1407.169 II 500 1555.703 II
200 960.414 II
690 4530.96 I 100 1414.898 II 300 1558.345 II
250 968.042 II


400 1565.924 II 900 2135.981 II 800 2769.669 II 500 4043.751 II
Atomic
400 1566.415 II 400 2148.984 II 200 2791.795 II 2000 4062.64 I

100 1569.416 II 150 2161.320 II 170 2799.528 II 120 4068.106 II
300 1579.492 II 1300 r 2165.09 I 100 2810.804 II 500 4131.363 II
300 1580.626 II 250 2174.982 II 1250 r 2824.37 I 200 4143.017 II
400 1581.995 II 1600 r 2178.94 I 350 2837.368 II 300 4153.623 II
500 1583.682 II 700 2179.410 II 100 2857.748 II 500 4161.140 II
400 1590.165 II 1700 r 2181.72 I 600 2877.100 II 370 4164.284 II
600 1593.556 II 700 2189.630 II 270 2884.196 II 400 4171.851 II
500 r 1593.75 III 900 2192.268 II 2500 r 2961.16 I 500 4179.512 II
400 1598.402 II 400 2195.683 II 100 2986.335 II 500 4211.866 II
400 1602.388 II 1700 r 2199.58 I 2000 2997.36 I 320 4230.449 II
200 1604.848 II 1300 r 2199.75 I 2000 3010.84 I 200 4255.635 II
300 1605.281 II 100 2200.509 II 2500 3036.10 I 950 4275.11 I
400 1606.834 II 200 2209.806 II 2500 3063.41 I 300 4279.962 II
250 1608.639 II 750 2210.268 II 1400 3073.80 I 500 4292.470 II
150 1610.296 II 1600 r 2214.58 I 1500 3093.99 I 400 4365.370 II
200 1617.915 II 250 2215.106 II 1250 3099.93 I 100 4444.831 II
600 1621.426 II 1000 r 2215.65 I 2000 3108.60 I 400 4506.002 II
400 1622.428 II 750 2218.108 II 1400 h 3126.11 I 150 4516.049 II
250 1630.268 II 2100 r 2225.70 I 1500 3194.10 I 150 4541.032 II
100 1636.605 II 150 2226.780 II 1400 3208.23 I 500 4555.920 II
1000 r 1642.21 III 1600 r 2227.78 I 1500 h 3243.16 I 100 4596.906 II
250 1649.458 II 350 2228.868 II 10000 r 3247.54 I 120 4649.271 II
30 r 1655.32 I 2500 r 2230.08 I 10000 r 3273.96 I 2000 4651.12 I
200 1656.322 II 1100 r 2238.45 I 1400 h 3282.72 I 120 4661.363 II
200 1660.001 II 900 2242.618 II 400 3290.418 II 320 4671.702 II
300 1663.002 II 2300 r 2244.26 I 1500 h 3290.54 I 300 4673.577 II
100 1672.776 II 1000 2247.002 II 110 3300.881 II 450 4681.994 II
30 1688.09 I 1300 r 2260.53 I 250 3301.229 II 100 4758.433 II
30 1691.08 I 2200 r 2263.08 I 2500 h 3307.95 I 400 4812.948 II
30 r 1703.84 I 150 2263.786 II 200 3316.276 II 120 4851.262 II
50 r 1713.36 I 200 2276.258 II 1500 3337.84 I 300 4854.988 II
150 1717.721 II 100 2286.645 II 150 3338.648 II 100 4873.304 II
50 r 1725.66 I 2500 r 2293.84 I 200 3365.648 II 150 4901.427 II
100 1736.551 II 170 2294.368 II 450 3370.454 II 1000 4909.734 II
50 r 1741.57 I 1000 2303.12 I 300 3374.952 II 500 4918.376 II
150 1753.281 II 150 2369.890 II 200 3380.712 II 200 4926.424 II
200 r 1774.82 I 2500 r 2392.63 I 100 3384.945 II 900 4931.698 II
100 r 1825.35 I 120 2403.337 II 1250 h 3483.76 I 120 4943.026 II
250 1929.751 II 1500 2406.66 I 1250 3524.23 I 700 4953.724 II
250 1944.597 II 1000 r 2441.64 I 2000 3530.38 I 500 4985.506 II
100 1946.493 II 100 2485.792 II 1400 3599.13 I 400 5006.801 II
200 1957.518 II 2000 r 2492.15 I 1400 3602.03 I 350 5009.851 II
150 1970.495 II 150 2506.273 II 1000 3686.555 II 400 5012.620 II
150 1977.027 II 120 2526.593 II 150 3786.270 II 350 5021.279 II
500 1979.956 II 300 2544.805 II 170 3797.849 II 200 5039.016 II
300 1989.855 II 100 2571.756 II 100 3818.879 II 300 5047.348 II
250 1999.698 II 150 2590.529 II 140 3826.921 II 900 5051.793 II
270 2035.854 II 200 2600.270 II 160 3864.137 II 400 5058.910 II
250 2037.127 II 2500 r 2618.37 I 280 3884.131 II 500 5065.459 II
350 2043.802 II 200 2666.291 II 150 3892.924 II 450 5067.094 II
300 2054.980 II 750 2689.300 II 170 3903.177 II 350 5072.302 II
100 2078.663 II 700 2700.962 II 140 3920.654 II 450 5088.277 II
110 2098.398 II 650 2703.184 II 120 3933.268 II 420 5093.816 II
320 2104.797 II 700 2713.508 II 120 3987.024 II 350 5100.067 II
300 2112.100 II 650 2718.778 II 150 3993.302 II 1500 5105.54 I
320 2117.310 II 300 2721.677 II 140 4003.476 II 250 5124.476 II
350 2122.980 II 120 2737.342 II 1250 4022.63 I 2000 5153.24 I
350 2126.044 II 270 2745.271 II 100 4032.647 II 100 5158.093 II
420 2134.341 II 2500 r 2766.37 I 600 4043.484 II 100 5183.367 II


2500 5218.20 I 270 6879.404 II 1200 3156.52 II 830 3577.98 II
Atomic
100 5269.991 II 220 6937.553 II 670 3162.83 II 440 3580.04 II
100 5276.525 II 150 6952.871 II 1000 3169.99 II 3300 3585.06 II
1650 5292.52 I 150 6977.572 II 470 3215.19 II 1400 3585.78 II
100 5368.383 II 200 7022.860 II 830 3216.63 II 560 3586.11 II
1500 5700.24 I 300 7194.896 II 490 3235.89 II 1100 3591.41 II
1500 5782.13 I 400 7326.008 II 490 3245.12 II 560 3591.81 II
150 5805.989 II 300 7331.694 II 1200 3251.27 II 560 3592.11 II
100 5833.515 II 250 7382.277 II 890 3280.09 II 1800 3595.04 II
200 5897.971 II 1000 7404.354 II 490 3282.77 II 560 3600.38 II
120 5937.577 II 270 7434.156 II 1100 3308.88 II 1800 3606.12 II
400 5941.196 II 500 7562.015 II 780 3316.32 II 440 3618.51 II
100 5993.260 II 700 7652.333 II 1000 3319.88 II 560 3620.16 II
650 6000.120 II 1000 7664.648 II 780 3341.00 II 470 3624.27 II
100 6023.264 II 150 7681.788 II 510 3353.58 II 1100 3629.42 II
250 6072.218 II 450 7744.097 II 510 3368.11 II 4000 3630.24 II
150 6080.343 II 800 7778.738 II 5300 3385.02 II 440 3632.78 II
150 6099.990 II 750 7805.184 II 610 3388.85 II 1100 3640.25 II
160 6107.412 II 1500 7807.659 II 3800 3393.57 II 11000 3645.40 II
300 6114.493 II 1000 7825.654 II 1300 3396.16 II 1000 3648.78 II
600 6150.384 II 350 7860.577 II 5300 3407.80 II 700 3664.62 II
750 6154.222 II 300 7890.567 II 1300 3413.78 II 990 3672.30 II
500 6172.037 II 700 7902.553 II 530 3414.82 II 420 3672.70 II
550 6186.884 II 1500 7933.13 I 780 3419.63 II 1400 3674.08 II
400 6188.676 II 400 7944.438 II 530 3425.06 II 2200 3676.59 II
300 6198.092 II 400 7972.033 II 1900 3434.37 II 640 3678.51 I
470 6204.261 II 1200 7988.163 II 560 3440.93 II 820 3684.85 I
450 6208.457 II 2000 8092.63 I 1300 3441.45 II 1300 3685.78 I
750 6216.939 II 500 8277.560 II 3800 3445.57 II 4700 3694.81 II
700 6219.844 II 800 8283.160 II 830 3446.99 II 990 3698.21 II
500 6261.848 II 250 8503.396 II 2700 3454.32 II 540 3701.63 II
1000 6273.349 II 750 8511.061 II 1300 3456.56 II 440 3707.57 II
350 6288.696 II 200 8609.134 II 4400 3460.97 II 440 3708.22 II
900 6301.009 II 500 9813.213 II 720 3468.43 II 420 3710.07 II
550 6305.972 II 250 9827.978 II 560 3471.14 II 1600 3724.45 II
400 6312.492 II 200 9830.798 II 560 d 3471.53 II 930 3739.34 I
120 6326.466 II 600 9861.280 II 1300 3477.07 II 1200 3747.82 II
400 6373.268 II 600 9864.137 II 4400 3494.49 II 1400 3753.51 II
750 6377.840 II 200 9883.969 II 560 3496.34 II 1400 3753.75 II
400 6403.384 II 550 9916.419 II 830 3498.71 II 1200 3757.05 I
850 6423.884 II 500 9917.954 II 830 3504.53 II 4700 3757.37 II
200 6442.965 II 550 9925.594 II 830 3505.45 II 640 3767.63 I
750 6448.559 II 450 9938.998 II 1300 3506.81 II 640 3773.05 I
170 6466.246 II 500 9960.354 II 560 3517.26 II 420 3781.47 I
950 6470.168 II 450 10006.588 II 4400 3523.98 II 3300 3786.18 II
750 6481.437 II 550 10022.969 II 22000 3531.70 II 1600 3788.44 II
400 6484.421 II 550 10038.093 II 4400 3534.96 II 700 3791.87 II
220 6517.317 II 650 10054.938 II 5500 3536.02 II 510 3804.14 II
400 6530.083 II 450 10080.354 II 4400 3538.52 II 580 3806.27 II
120 6551.286 II 1700 3542.33 II 470 3812.27 I
Dysprosium Dy Z = 66
200 6577.080 II 1400 3546.83 II 470 3813.67 II
260 2356.91 II
750 6624.292 II 4400 3550.22 II 1400 3816.76 II
240 2410.01 II
800 6641.396 II 2200 3551.62 II 700 3825.68 II
260 2439.84 II
450 6660.962 II 440 h 3558.23 II 2300 3836.50 II
220 2585.30 I
100 6770.362 II 440 3559.30 II 1400 3841.31 II
440 2634.80 II
300 6806.216 II 2200 3563.15 II 420 3846.34 II
220 2755.75 II
400 6809.647 II 560 3563.69 II 420 3847.02 I
300 2816.39 II
320 6823.202 II 780 3573.83 II 1200 3853.03 II
390 2913.95 II
250 6844.157 II 1400 3574.15 II 420 3858.40 I
610 3038.28 II
320 6868.791 II 4400 3576.24 II 560 3868.45 II
830 3135.38 II
270 6872.231 II 1700 3576.87 II 1600 3868.81 I
500 3141.14 II


820 3869.86 II 990 4612.26 I 1000 3070.40 III 3200 3944.42 I
Atomic
7000 3872.11 II 170 4731.84 II 610 3073.34 II 2700 3973.04 I

1200 3873.99 II 120 h 4775.79 I 720 3082.08 II 3200 3973.58 I
470 3879.11 II 480 4957.34 II 610 3084.02 II 1400 3974.72 II
5800 3898.53 II 70 5022.12 I 770 3122.72 II 810 3977.02 I
540 3914.87 II 160 5042.63 I 1500 3166.25 III 1100 3982.33 I
540 3915.59 II 95 5070.68 I 870 3181.92 II 810 3987.66 I
540 d 3917.29 I 120 5077.67 I 870 3220.73 II 14000 4007.96 I
420 3927.86 I 80 5090.38 II 610 3223.31 II 1100 4012.58 I
540 3930.14 I 80 5110.32 I 2300 3230.58 II 3000 4020.51 I
2100 3931.52 II 130 h 5120.04 I 2700 3264.78 II 1000 4046.96 I
10000 3944.68 II 190 5139.60 II 720 3279.33 II 940 4055.47 II
800 3957.79 II 110 5169.69 II 720 3280.22 II 690 4059.78 II
14000 3968.39 II 80 5185.30 I 2000 3301.23 III 3500 4087.63 I
2700 3978.57 II 290 5192.86 II 2300 3312.42 II 1100 4098.10 I
1400 3981.92 II 95 5197.66 II 770 3323.19 II 6900 4151.11 I
1600 3983.65 II 70 5259.88 I 770 3332.70 II 1000 4190.70 I
800 3984.21 II 130 5260.56 I 1300 3346.04 II 1400 4218.43 I
540 3991.32 II 65 5267.11 I 1400 3364.08 II 690 4286.56 I
1600 3996.69 II 55 5282.07 I 1400 d 3368.02 II 40000 4290.06 III
8000 4000.45 II 160 5301.58 I 7700 3372.71 II 20000 4386.86 III
420 4005.84 I 65 5340.30 I 970 3374.17 II 810 4409.34 I
540 4011.29 II 85 5389.58 II 1700 3385.08 II 1000 4606.61 I
540 4013.82 I 80 5419.13 I 2300 3392.00 II 570 4675.62 II
540 4014.70 II 70 5423.32 I 770 3441.13 II 15000 4735.56 III
420 4027.78 II 95 5451.11 I 970 3471.71 II 2000 4783.12 III
520 d 4028.32 II 65 5547.27 I 610 3479.41 II 250 5007.25 I
520 4032.47 II 100 5639.50 I 970 3485.85 II 200 5035.94 I
420 4033.65 II 55 h 5645.99 I 6700 3499.10 II 210 5042.05 II
420 4036.32 II 80 5652.01 I 610 3502.78 I 120 5124.56 I
12000 4045.97 I 70 h 5718.46 I 610 3524.91 II 130 5127.41 II
1600 4050.56 II 55 5745.53 I 820 3549.84 II 120 5131.53 I
520 4055.14 II 55 h 5868.11 II 1500 3558.02 I 130 5133.83 II
2500 4073.12 II 70 5945.80 I 1000 3559.90 II 170 5164.77 II
7400 4077.96 II 120 5974.49 I 920 3570.75 II 130 5172.78 I
3900 4103.30 II 140 5988.56 I 1000 3580.52 II 160 5188.90 II
860 4103.87 I 140 6088.26 I 610 3590.76 I 150 5206.52 I
1500 4111.34 II 100 6168.43 I 610 3599.50 II 140 5255.93 II
490 4124.63 II 270 6259.09 I 1000 3599.83 II 80 5272.91 I
990 4129.42 II 160 6579.37 I 3100 3616.56 II 90 5348.06 I
1200 4143.10 II 75 6667.86 I 720 3628.04 I 60 5414.63 II
990 4146.06 I 180 6835.42 I 1000 3633.54 II 180 5456.62 I
5700 4167.97 I 80 6852.96 I 1600 3638.68 I 90 5468.32 I
930 4183.72 I 65 6899.32 II 900 3645.94 II 80 5485.97 II
12000 4186.82 I 55 7426.86 II 7900 3692.65 II 80 5593.46 I
2200 4191.64 I 55 7543.73 I 1300 3729.52 II 60 5611.82 I
6800 4194.84 I 80 7662.36 I 900 3742.64 II 70 5622.01 I
800 4198.02 I 100 8201.57 II 900 3747.43 I 80 5626.53 II
680 4201.30 I 45 8791.39 II 1800 3786.84 II 90 5640.36 I
680 4202.24 I 1600 3810.33 I 70 5664.95 I
16000 4211.72 I Erbium Er Z = 68 4000 3816.78 III 70 5719.55 I
1800 4213.18 I 600 2277.65 III 3600 3830.48 II 100 5739.19 I
3700 4215.16 I 290 2586.73 II 680 3855.90 I 290 5762.80 I
4400 4218.09 I 490 2670.26 II 7500 3862.85 I 70 5784.66 I
4400 4221.11 I 500 2739.27 III 1500 3880.61 II 70 5800.79 I
2700 4225.16 I 610 2755.63 II 1200 3882.89 II 430 5826.79 I
1000 4308.63 II 1000 2904.47 II 4200 3892.68 I 100 5850.07 I
540 4409.38 II 1500 2910.36 II 5200 3896.23 II 120 5855.31 I
740 4449.70 II 1500 2964.52 II 11000 3906.31 II 140 5872.35 I
420 4577.78 I 1200 3002.41 II 3200 3937.01 I 120 5881.14 I
2100 4589.36 I 1000 3055.10 III 2100 3938.63 II 8000 5903.30 III


70 6022.56 I 140 2893.03 I 9800 4627.22 I 230 6303.41 II
Atomic
70 6061.25 I 360 2893.83 I 8300 4661.88 I 120 cw 6350.04 I
60 6076.45 II 3200 2906.68 II 110 4867.62 I 120 cw 6400.93 I
360 6221.02 I 160 2908.99 I 150 4907.18 I 180 6410.04 I
55 6262.56 I 850 2925.04 II 180 4911.40 I 140 6411.32 I
60 6268.87 I 200 cw 2952.68 II 180 5013.17 I 830 6437.64 II
130 6308.77 I 260 2960.21 II 170 5022.91 I 120 6457.96 I
55 6326.13 I 300 2991.33 II 110 5029.54 I 1400 6645.11 II
55 6492.35 I 100 c 3023.93 III 170 5114.37 I 50 6666.35 III
60 6583.48 I 200 c 3026.79 III 170 5129.10 I 140 6802.72 I
70 6601.11 I 320 cw 3054.94 II 210 5133.52 I 360 6864.54 I
70 6759.87 I 120 3058.98 I 270 5160.07 I 120 7040.20 I
35 6790.92 I 220 3077.36 II 210 5166.70 I 330 7077.10 II
70 6848.10 I 120 3097.45 II 200 5199.85 I 570 7194.81 II
55 6865.13 I 320 3106.18 I 110 5200.96 I 570 7217.55 II
55 7459.55 I 950 3111.43 I 120 5206.44 I 540 7301.17 II
120 7469.51 I 120 3130.73 II 750 5215.10 I 720 7370.22 II
35 7680.01 I 50 c 3171.00 III 300 5223.49 I 300 7426.57 II
35 7797.47 I 50 c 3183.78 III 120 5239.24 I 160 7583.91 I
35 7921.85 I 420 3210.57 I 200 5266.40 I 60 cw 7742.57 I
30 7937.84 I 1000 3212.81 I 390 5271.96 I 70 7746.19 I
35 8312.82 I 420 3213.75 I 110 5272.48 I 35 7887.99 I
55 8409.90 I 150 3272.77 II 150 5282.82 I 24 cw 8209.80 I
9 8866.84 II 210 3277.78 II 120 5291.26 I 21 cw 8642.67 I
150 3301.95 II 120 5294.64 I 18 8870.30 I
Europium Eu Z = 63
140 3308.02 II 540 5357.61 I
30 2124.69 III Fluorine F Z = 9
140 3313.33 II 120 5361.61 I
200 2350.51 III 50 148.00 V
950 3334.33 I 110 5376.94 I
4000 2375.46 III 50 163.56 V
110 3350.40 I 120 5392.94 I
100 d 2435.14 III 90 165.98 V
140 3369.06 II 450 5402.77 I
1000 2444.38 III 100 166.18 V
190 3391.99 II 380 5451.51 I
4000 2445.99 III 50 186.84 V
280 3396.58 II 260 5452.94 I
2000 2513.76 III 60 190.57 V
150 3425.02 II 120 5488.65 I
200 2522.14 III 70 190.84 V
150 3441.00 II 120 5510.52 I
160 2564.17 II 50 196.39 IV
130 3461.38 II 200 5547.44 I
110 2568.17 II 60 196.45 IV
470 cw 3521.09 II 150 5570.33 I
230 2577.14 II 70 200.09 IV
150 3542.15 II 200 5577.14 I
1000 2638.77 II 80 201.16 IV
180 3552.52 II 120 5580.03 I
380 2641.27 II 90 208.25 IV
150 3603.20 II 210 5645.80 I
640 2668.34 II 90 240.08 IV
6400 3688.42 II 330 5765.20 I
110 2673.42 II 100 251.03 IV
20000 cw 3724.94 II 180 5783.69 I
250 2678.29 II 140 419.65 IV
350 3741.31 II 170 5818.74 II
250 2685.66 II 150 420.05 IV
260 3761.12 II 600 cw 5830.98 I
550 2692.03 II 160 420.73 IV
39000 cw 3819.67 II 330 5966.07 II
700 2701.14 II 100 429.51 III
140 3844.23 II 480 cw 5967.10 I
800 2701.90 II 110 430.15 III
190 3865.57 I 170 5972.75 I
240 2705.28 II 150 430.76 IV
150 3884.75 I 240 5992.83 I
180 2709.99 I 90 464.29 III
28000 cw 3907.10 II 110 6012.56 I
700 2716.98 II 120 465.98 V
32000 cw 3930.48 II 420 6018.15 I
4200 2727.78 II 130 490.57 IV
30000 cw 3971.96 II 170 6029.00 I
160 2740.62 II 160 491.00 IV
180 4011.69 II 420 6049.51 II
120 2744.26 II 50 497.38 IV
150 4017.58 II 140 6057.36 I
480 2781.89 II 60 497.83 IV
120 4039.19 I 240 6083.84 I
1900 2802.84 II 70 498.80 IV
120 4085.38 II 240 6099.35 I
220 2811.75 II 90 506.16 V
33000 cw 4129.70 II 120 6118.78 I
3400 2813.94 II 100 508.08 V
60000 cw 4205.05 II 330 6173.05 II
550 2816.18 II 120 508.39 III
150 4298.73 I 110 6178.76 I
2000 2820.78 II 60 514.08 V
240 4355.09 II 260 cw 6188.13 I
400 cw 2828.72 II 90 525.29 V
14000 cw 4435.56 II 140 6195.07 I
260 2859.67 II 100 526.30 V
3000 4522.57 II 240 6262.25 I
280 2862.57 II 120 567.69 III
11000 4594.03 I 170 6299.77 I
200 2892.54 I 110 567.75 III


140 570.64 IV 110 1839.30 III 270 3847.09 II 8000 6870.22 I
Atomic
140 571.30 IV 120 1839.97 III 260 3849.99 II 15000 6902.48 I

150 571.39 IV 110 1840.14 III 250 3851.67 II 6000 6909.82 I
160 572.66 IV 100 2027.44 III 5 3898.48 I 4000 6966.35 I
90 605.67 II 120 2030.32 III 8 3930.69 I 45000 7037.47 I
100 606.80 II 120 2217.17 III 5 3934.26 I 30000 7127.89 I
90 630.20 III 50 2298.29 IV 5 3948.56 I 15000 7202.36 I
100 647.77 V 40 2451.58 IV 240 4024.73 II 1000 7309.03 I
110 647.87 V 120 2452.07 III 220 4025.01 II 15000 7311.02 I
130 654.03 V 50 2456.92 IV 230 4025.49 II 700 7314.30 I
120 656.12 III 130 2464.85 III 200 4103.51 II 5000 7331.96 I
130 656.87 III 130 2470.29 III 200 4246.23 II 120 7336.77 III
110 657.23 V 120 2478.73 III 200 4299.17 II 130 7354.94 III
140 657.33 V 150 2484.37 III 140 h 4420.30 III 10000 7398.69 I
140 658.33 III 120 2542.77 III 120 h 4427.35 III 4000 7425.65 I
140 676.12 IV 120 2580.04 III 120 h 4432.32 III 2200 7482.72 I
130 677.15 IV 130 2583.81 III 140 h 4479.99 III 2500 7489.16 I
150 677.22 IV 120 2593.23 III 6 4960.65 I 900 7514.92 I
130 678.99 IV 130 2595.53 III 150 5012.54 III 5000 7552.24 I
160 679.21 IV 140 2599.28 III 160 5110.99 III 5000 7573.38 I
60 757.04 V 130 2625.01 III 15 5230.41 I 7000 7607.17 I
150 806.96 I 140 2629.70 III 12 5279.01 I 18000 7754.70 I
125 809.60 I 120 2656.44 III 18 5540.52 I 15000 7800.21 I
500 951.87 I 130 2755.55 III 12 5552.43 I 300 7879.18 I
1000 954.83 I 160 2759.63 III 10 5577.33 I 500 7898.59 I
750 955.55 I 120 2788.15 III 20 5624.06 I 350 7936.31 I
500 958.52 I 160 2811.45 III 12 5626.93 I 300 7956.32 I
20 972.40 I 40 2820.74 IV 15 5659.15 I 80 8016.01 II
350 973.90 I 50 2826.13 IV 40 5667.53 I 1000 8040.93 I
100 976.22 I 140 2833.99 III 90 5671.67 I 900 8075.52 I
40 976.51 I 150 2835.63 III 18 5689.14 I 350 8077.52 I
100 977.75 I 150 2860.33 III 25 5700.82 I 350 8126.56 I
60 1082.31 V 120 2862.86 III 25 5707.31 I 600 8129.26 I
70 1088.39 V 140 2887.58 III 140 5753.17 III 300 8159.51 I
80 1219.03 III 150 2889.45 III 120 5761.20 III 600 8179.34 I
80 1266.87 III 120 2905.30 III 12 5950.15 I 300 8191.24 I
90 1267.71 III 140 2913.29 III 25 5959.19 I 350 8208.63 I
70 1297.54 III 160 2916.34 III 70 5965.28 I 2500 8214.73 I
70 1359.92 III 140 2932.49 III 50 5994.43 I 3000 8230.77 I
110 1498.93 III 140 2994.28 III 150 6015.83 I 500 8232.19 I
120 1502.01 III 120 h 2997.21 III 80 6038.04 I 1500 8274.62 I
110 1504.18 III 130 2997.53 III 900 6047.54 I 2000 8298.58 I
140 1504.79 III 120 2999.47 III 100 6080.11 I 600 8302.40 I
130 1506.30 III 130 3039.25 III 150 6091.82 III 900 8807.58 I
110 1506.77 III 120 3039.75 III 140 6125.50 III 1000 8900.92 I
100 1553.02 III 160 3042.80 III 800 6149.76 I 300 8912.78 I
110 1557.59 III 150 3049.14 III 400 6210.87 I 350 9025.49 I
100 1563.73 III 140 3113.62 III 130 6233.57 III 400 9042.10 I
100 1565.54 III 160 3115.70 III 13000 6239.65 I 350 9178.68 I
100 1623.40 III 180 3121.54 III 10000 6348.51 I 200 9433.67 I
100 1650.76 III 140 3124.79 III 140 6363.05 III 25 9505.30 I
130 1670.39 III 140 3134.23 III 8000 6413.65 I 12 9662.04 I
140 1677.40 III 140 3146.99 III 450 6569.69 I 25 9734.34 I
100 1716.99 III 180 3174.17 III 300 6580.39 I 15 9822.11 I
120 1770.09 III 170 3174.76 III 400 6650.41 I 12 9902.65 I
150 1770.67 III 120 3214.00 III 1800 6690.48 I 80 h 10047.98 II
110 1772.93 III 200 3501.45 II 400 6708.28 I 15 10285.45 I
140 1773.36 III 200 3501.57 II 7000 6773.98 I 20 10862.31 I
160 1791.65 III 200 3502.96 II 1500 6795.53 I
Francium Fr Z = 87
110 1803.03 III 6 3594.10 I 9000 6834.26 I
7177. I
170 1805.90 III 12 3668.17 I 50000 6856.03 I


2000 3684.13 I 700 4694.33 I 50 6752.67 II
Gadolinium Gd Z = 64
Atomic
3100 3687.74 II 410 4743.65 I 26 6786.33 II
1200 1007.24 IV
2000 3697.73 II 470 4767.24 I 100 6828.25 I
1200 1063.84 IV
1300 3699.73 II 300 4784.62 I 100 6916.57 I
1600 1476.98 IV
2700 3712.70 II 320 4821.69 I 50 6985.89 II
1500 1705.03 IV
2000 3713.57 I 280 4934.12 I 75 6991.92 I
1600 1706.01 IV
1400 3716.36 II 750 5015.04 I 60 6996.76 II
2000 1736.24 IV
2000 3717.48 I 75 5039.09 I 45 7006.16 II
1500 1815.32 IV
1800 d 3719.45 II 5000 5091.70 III 35 7122.57 I
2200 1975.24 III
1500 3730.84 II 130 5098.38 II 170 7168.37 I
3400 2018.07 III
4500 3743.47 II 910 5103.45 I 28 7189.57 II
2800 2359.31 III
1400 3758.31 II 180 5108.91 II 28 7262.66 I
1400 2397.87 IV
8700 3768.39 II 120 5125.56 II 35 7441.85 I
2800 2697.39 III
1400 3770.69 II 860 5155.84 I 40 7464.36 I
2800 2703.28 III
2900 3783.05 I 190 5176.28 II 55 7562.97 I
2700 2727.89 III
5100 3796.37 II 410 5197.77 I 80 7733.50 I
9000 2904.73 III
3700 3813.97 II 280 5219.40 I 35 7846.35 II
9500 2955.53 III
3300 3850.69 II 130 5233.93 I 35 7856.93 I
1200 2999.04 II
5100 3850.97 II 320 5251.18 I 25 7930.25 II
2100 3010.13 II
4300 3852.45 II 120 5252.14 II 18 8146.15 I
1900 3027.60 II
1600 3866.99 I 140 5255.80 I 21 8668.63 I
2100 3032.84 II
1500 3894.70 II 280 5283.08 I 21 h 8832.06 II
1600 3034.05 II
2200 3916.51 II 280 5301.67 I 14 h 8849.14 I
2100 3081.99 II
1200 3934.79 I 220 5302.76 I 18 h 8867.31 I
3500 3100.50 II
1400 3945.54 I 280 5307.30 I 5000 14332.88 III
930 3145.00 II
1200 3957.67 II 130 5321.50 I
980 3156.53 II Gallium Ga Z = 31
1100 4023.14 I 280 5321.78 I
980 3161.37 II 14 294.53 IV
1100 4028.15 I 110 5327.32 I
4000 3176.66 III 61 295.67 IV
1400 4037.33 II 170 5333.30 I
1400 3331.38 II 30 298.44 V
1600 4045.01 I 300 5343.00 I
1100 3336.18 II 30 300.01 V
1300 4049.43 II 200 5348.67 I
5400 3350.47 II 30 302.86 V
2200 4049.86 II 300 5350.38 I
4300 3358.62 II 41 304.99 IV
2600 4053.64 I 240 5353.26 I
5400 3362.23 II 30 307.03 V
2600 4058.22 I 3000 5365.96 III
1100 3392.53 II 30 308.26 V
1900 4063.39 II 150 5370.63 I
1100 d 3407.56 II 30 311.79 V
1300 4078.44 II 4000 5553.30 III
6900 3422.47 II 30 313.68 V
2800 4078.70 I 3000 5587.88 III
1700 3439.21 II 40 319.41 V
1500 4085.56 II 190 5617.91 I
2700 3439.99 II 40 322.31 V
1100 4092.71 I 110 5632.25 I
1400 3450.38 II 50 322.99 V
2600 4098.61 II 260 5643.24 I
1100 3451.23 II 30 323.10 V
2200 4130.37 II 3000 5658.98 III
2700 3463.98 II 40 324.25 V
1100 4132.28 II 390 5696.22 I
1700 3467.27 II 40 324.95 V
2400 4175.54 I 120 5733.86 II
1700 3468.99 II 40 326.14 V
2400 4184.25 II 240 5791.38 I
1400 3473.22 II 30 326.77 V
2200 4190.78 I 220 5851.63 I
2200 3481.28 II 30 328.65 V
1300 4212.00 II 280 5856.22 I
1700 3481.80 II 25 423.18 IV
4800 4225.85 I 110 5904.56 I
1700 3494.40 II 16 439.92 IV
1700 4251.73 II 170 5911.45 II
1400 3505.51 II 50 620.00 III
1600 4262.09 I 85 5930.29 I
1100 3512.50 II 40 622.01 III
1100 4306.34 I 85 5936.84 I
4300 3545.80 II 90 806.51 III
1800 4313.84 I 65 5937.71 I
3900 3549.36 II 90 817.30 III
2600 d 4325.57 II 110 h 5988.02 I
1400 3557.05 II 50 828.70 III
1900 4327.12 I 430 6114.07 I
5400 3584.96 II 20 878.17 V
1000 4344.30 II 75 6305.15 II
1100 3592.71 II 40 973.21 V
2200 4346.46 I 40 6331.35 I
1100 3604.87 I 40 989.75 V
1400 4401.86 I 40 6380.95 II
6100 3646.19 II 90 1014.47 V
1400 4422.41 I 40 h 6538.15 I
3900 3654.62 II 90 1019.71 V
1100 4430.63 I 55 6564.78 I
3100 3656.15 II 120 1050.48 V
1100 4519.66 I 50 6634.36 II
1400 3662.26 II 80 1054.56 V
910 4537.81 I 35 6681.23 II
2700 3664.60 II 90 1058.12 V
520 4614.50 I 85 6730.73 I
2000 3671.20 II 80 1066.69 V


60 1069.60 V 85 1338.09 IV 100 1742.195 I
Germanium Ge Z = 32
Atomic
80 1073.77 V 77 1347.03 IV 50 1746.065 I

700 294.51 V
90 1078.83 V 76 1351.06 IV 200 1750.043 I
1000 295.64 V
110 1079.60 V 70 1353.92 III 100 1758.279 I
200 304.98 V
60 1080.99 V 74 1364.63 IV 100 h 1764.185 I
20 621.52 V
80 1085.00 III 60 1395.54 IV 100 h 1765.284 I
50 724.21 V
250 1085.01 V 77 1402.55 IV 50 h 1766.433 I
60 746.88 V
80 1087.37 V 70 1405.32 IV 200 1774.176 I
60 760.05 V
90 1091.71 V 73 1465.87 IV 200 1785.046 I
10 862.234 II
100 1094.36 V 90 1495.07 III 100 h 1793.071 I
15 875.493 II
80 1095.10 V 50 1534.46 III 75 h 1801.432 I
15 905.977 II
160 1102.83 V 10 1813.98 II 200 h 1841.328 I
20 920.554 II
140 1103.03 V 15 1845.30 II 200 h 1842.410 I
300 971.35 V
60 1105.61 III 20 2091.34 II 100 h 1844.410 I
300 990.66 V
75 1105.62 V 90 2417.70 III 100 h 1845.872 I
50 999.101 II
70 1106.17 V 90 2423.98 III 100 h 1846.958 I
300 1004.38 V
80 1118.34 V 15 2424.36 III 200 1853.134 I
100 1016.638 II
120 1126.40 V 10 2632.66 I 500 r 1860.086 I
900 1045.71 V
130 1128.10 V 10 2665.05 I 100 1865.052 I
700 1072.66 V
120 1128.53 V 20 2700.47 II 300 r 1874.256 I
100 1075.072 II
100 1129.94 V 15 2780.15 II 100 1895.197 I
300 1085.51 II
130 1136.07 V 50 3521.77 III 500 r 1904.702 I
40 1088.45 III
67 1137.06 IV 80 3581.19 III 50 h 1908.434 I
800 1089.49 V
130 1150.23 V 100 3589.34 III 30 1912.409 I
200 1098.71 II
90 1150.27 III 10 3731.10 III 300 r 1917.592 I
500 1106.74 II
70 1156.10 IV 10 3806.60 III 100 h 1923.467 I
1000 1116.94 V
120 1156.51 V 10 4032.99 I 500 r 1929.826 I
500 1120.46 II
35 1157.74 V 10 4172.04 I 10 h 1934.048 I
700 1163.39 V
70 1163.60 IV 15 4251.16 II 100 r 1937.483 I
200 1164.27 II
25 1169.40 V 10 h 4254.04 II 500 1938.008 II
500 1181.19 II
75 1170.58 IV 10 4255.77 II 100 r 1938.300 I
500 1181.65 II
48 1171.71 IV 40 4262.00 II 500 1938.891 II
200 1188.73 II
40 1178.95 V 100 4380.69 III 30 s 1944.116 I
20 1188.99 IV
68 1185.23 IV 150 4381.76 III 200 1944.731 I
300 1191.26 II
40 1186.06 IV 100 4863.00 III 200 1955.115 I
700 1222.30 V
73 1190.89 IV 150 4993.78 III 500 1962.013 I
20 1229.81 IV
73 1193.02 IV 10 5808.28 III 30 h 1963.373 I
500 1237.059 II
75 1195.02 IV 20 5848.25 III 30 1965.383 I
500 1261.905 II
69 1201.54 IV 15 5993.51 III 200 1970.880 I
100 1264.710 II
72 1206.89 IV 10 6334.2 II 200 1979.274 II
200 1401.24 II
80 1213.17 V 2000 6396.56 I 300 h 1987.849 I
200 1538.091 II
63 1216.15 IV 1000 6413.44 I 300 1988.267 I
500 1576.855 II
50 1228.03 IV 10 h 7251.4 I 500 r 1998.887 I
75 1581.070 II
60 1236.38 IV 20 h 7403.0 I 200 2011.29 I
100 1602.486 II
60 1238.59 IV 30 h 7464.0 I 1700 2019.068 I
3r 1615.57 I
75 1245.53 IV 10 h 7620.5 I 2400 r 2041.712 I
2r 1624.130 I
83 1258.77 IV 50 h 7734.77 I 1600 r 2043.770 I
2r 1630.173 I
81 1264.66 IV 100 h 7800.01 I 420 2054.461 I
3r 1636.31 I
82 1267.15 IV 15 h 8002.55 I 220 h 2057.238 I
4r 1639.730 I
90 1267.16 III 20 h 8074.25 I 750 r 2065.215 I
2 1647.531 I
81 1279.24 IV 100 h 8311.86 I 2600 r 2068.656 I
200 1649.194 II
15 1283.64 V 200 h 8386.49 I 420 2086.021 I
2 1651.528 I
80 1285.33 IV 200 h 9492.92 I 2000 r 2094.258 I
4r 1651.955 I
80 1293.46 III 200 h 9493.12 I 25 2104.45 III
3 1661.345 I
60 1295.36 III 300 h 9589.36 I 240 2105.824 I
4r 1663.539 I
82 1295.86 IV 100 h 10905.95 I 95 h 2124.744 I
10 h 1665.275 I
83 1299.46 IV 400 11949.12 I 50 h 2186.451 I
4 1667.802 I
82 1303.53 IV 200 12109.78 I 340 r 2198.714 I
3r 1670.608 I
80 1309.68 IV 60 14996.64 I 15 2220.375 I
100 r 1691.090 I
80 1314.82 IV 60 22016.81 I 18 2256.001 I
200 r 1716.784 I
60 1323.15 III 70 22568.71 I 18 2314.201 I
100 h 1739.102 I


24 2327.918 I 1000 5893.389 II 60 1368.62 I 100 1624.34 I
Atomic
15 2359.233 I 500 6021.041 II 70 1374.82 I 300 d 1629.13 III
20 2379.144 I 75 6283.452 II 50 1375.76 I 250 1638.88 III
10 2389.472 I 100 6336.377 II 180 1377.73 III 50 1639.90 I
15 2397.885 I 100 6484.181 II 150 1378.69 III 100 1644.17 III
130 2417.367 I 6 6557.488 I 150 1379.98 III 150 1646.67 I
30 2436.412 I 50 7049.369 II 125 1380.53 III 250 1652.74 III
30 2488.25 IV 30 7145.390 II 200 1381.36 III 250 1664.77 III
90 2497.962 I 5 7353.334 I 80 1382.75 I 100 1665.76 I
500 2500.54 II 7 7384.208 I 50 1385.33 I 100 1668.11 III
70 2533.230 I 10 7833.575 I 300 1385.79 III 125 1673.93 III
20 2542.44 IV 10 8031.039 I 100 1389.41 III 1000 1693.94 III
3 2556.298 I 6 8044.165 I 180 1391.46 III 150 1697.09 III
28 2589.188 I 10 8256.013 I 60 1392.27 I 200 1698.98 III
500 2592.534 I 10 8482.21 I 180 1396.00 III 200 1699.34 I
8 2644.184 I 9 8700.60 I 50 1402.12 I 200 1700.00 III
1200 2651.172 I 5 9068.785 I 100 1402.91 III 200 1702.25 III
500 2651.568 I 5 9095.957 I 70 1407.38 I 100 1707.53 III
500 2691.341 I 6 9398.868 I 100 1408.45 I 250 1710.16 III
850 2709.624 I 20 9474.993 II 225 1409.50 III 200 1715.69 III
400 2729.78 II 20 9475.645 II 250 1413.80 III 100 1716.71 III
40 2740.426 I 4 9492.559 I 100 1414.27 III 300 1717.83 III
650 2754.588 I 7 9625.664 I 100 1417.09 III 500 1727.31 III
70 2793.925 I 5 10039.436 I 125 1417.39 III 100 d 1733.17 III
80 2829.008 I 4 10200.952 I 150 1427.42 III 300 1738.48 III
1000 2831.843 II 10 10382.427 I 300 1428.93 III 150 1744.39 III
1000 2845.527 II 10 10404.913 I 80 1429.19 I 500 1746.10 III
750 3039.067 I 8 10734.068 I 250 1430.06 III 500 1756.92 III
600 3067.021 I 8 10947.416 I 275 1433.37 III 500 1761.95 III
20 3124.816 I 10 11125.130 I 50 1435.79 I 300 1767.42 III
35 3211.86 III 230 11252.83 I 250 1435.81 III 100 1774.42 III
40 3255.05 III 600 11714.76 I 300 1439.12 III 800 1775.17 III
110 3269.489 I 1300 12069.20 I 200 1441.21 III 200 1776.40 III
40 3434.03 III 1050 12391.58 I 150 1446.37 III 100 1780.57 III
300 3499.21 II 235 13107.61 I 250 1448.42 III 60 1783.22 II
60 3554.19 IV 470 14822.38 I 250 1454.95 III 300 1786.11 III
50 3676.65 IV 150 16759.79 I 100 1464.72 III 150 1792.65 III
200 4178.96 III 135 17214.34 I 150 1471.28 III 500 1793.76 III
70 4226.562 I 70 18811.86 I 100 1474.73 III 200 1801.98 III
200 4260.85 III 62 19279.24 I 150 1481.10 III 400 1805.24 III
150 4291.71 III 28 20673.64 I 100 1481.76 I 100 1809.81 III
10 4685.829 I 300 1487.15 III 400 1821.17 III
Gold Au Z = 79
1000 4741.806 II 250 1487.91 III 400 1844.89 III
100 843.44 III
1000 4814.608 II 200 1489.47 III 150 1848.83 III
100 845.14 III
50 4824.097 II 250 1500.37 III 500 1861.80 III
200 945.10 III
100 5131.752 II 200 1502.47 III 150 1871.92 III
100 1040.63 III
200 5178.648 II 200 1503.74 III 100 1879.83 I
80 1044.49 III
3 5194.583 I 100 1542.00 III 150 1918.28 III
80 1046.81 III
6 5265.892 I 100 1548.50 III 100 1932.04 III
100 h 1239.96 III
6 5513.263 I 200 1567.54 III 100 1935.42 III
100 1278.51 III
8 5564.741 I 200 1574.85 III 200 1948.79 III
100 1314.84 III
8 5607.010 I 200 1579.44 III 100 1958.47 III
100 h 1328.37 I
6 5616.135 I 150 1584.10 III 400 1989.63 III
200 1336.72 III
7 5621.426 I 200 1587.16 I 150 1996.85 III
180 1341.68 III
6 5664.226 I 200 1589.56 III 11000 2012.00 I
100 1348.89 III
5 5664.842 I 150 1593.41 III 2600 2021.38 I
150 1350.32 III
9 5691.954 I 70 1598.24 I 150 2082.09 II
150 1355.61 III
6 5701.776 I 200 1600.51 III 300 2083.09 III
150 1356.13 III
5 5717.877 I 250 1617.16 III 60 2110.68 II
50 1363.98 I
6 5801.029 I 100 1617.78 III 100 2159.08 III
500 1365.40 III
9 5802.093 I 500 1621.93 III 80 2167.33 III
200 1367.17 III


200 2172.20 III 100 3927.69 I 370 1437.27 V 200 2537.33 II
Atomic
100 2184.11 III 400 4040.93 I 500 1437.73 V 320 2551.40 II

500 2188.97 III 700 4065.07 I 370 1445.40 V 400 h 2560.74 III
70 2248.56 II 100 4084.10 I 270 1457.91 V 250 2563.61 II
80 2263.62 II 100 4241.80 I 100 1717.21 IV 300 h 2567.46 III
300 2322.27 III 200 4315.11 I 270 1719.32 V 890 2571.67 II
180 2352.65 I 120 h 4437.27 I 550 1729.08 V 320 2573.90 II
100 2382.40 III 250 4488.25 I 750 1731.83 V 320 2576.82 II
120 2387.75 I 900 h 4607.51 I 750 1733.96 V 300 2578.14 II
150 2402.71 III 100 h 4620.56 I 440 1741.74 V 320 2582.54 II
150 2405.12 III 500 4792.58 I 1000 1749.11 V 390 2606.37 II
2600 2427.95 I 100 4811.60 I 1000 1750.19 V 450 2607.03 II
60 2533.52 II 100 5147.44 I 500 1760.89 V 230 2613.60 II
250 2641.48 I 300 5230.26 I 370 1765.62 V 450 2622.74 II
3400 2675.95 I 100 h 5261.76 I 270 1774.02 V 160 2637.00 I
1100 2748.25 I 100 5655.77 I 6200 2012.78 II 1100 2638.71 II
100 2780.82 I 100 h 5721.36 I 8500 2028.18 II 1100 2641.41 II
1000 2802.04 II 300 5837.37 I 300 2070.94 III 160 2642.75 I
300 2819.79 II 100 h 5862.93 I 1200 2096.18 II 670 2647.29 II
100 2822.55 II 300 h 5956.96 I 200 h 2099.30 III 160 2657.84 II
100 h 2825.44 II 600 6278.17 I 200 h 2110.31 III 210 2661.88 II
300 2837.85 II 100 6562.68 I 200 2155.66 III 290 2683.35 II
100 2846.92 II 600 7510.73 I 200 2183.50 III 200 2687.22 III
100 2856.74 II 10 8145.06 I 200 2195.44 III 670 2705.61 I
300 2883.45 I 10 9254.28 I 540 2210.82 II 210 2712.42 II
300 2891.96 I 200 2234.59 III 250 2718.59 I
Hafnium Hf Z = 72
100 2893.25 II 320 2254.01 II 710 2738.76 II
220 545.41 V
100 2907.04 II 160 2255.15 II 200 2743.64 I
180 600.00 V
300 2913.52 II 250 2266.83 II 360 2751.81 II
200 618.27 IV
300 2918.24 II 620 2277.16 II 500 2753.60 III
200 644.54 IV
100 2954.22 II 200 h 2313.44 III 450 2761.63 I
400 647.39 IV
100 h 2990.27 II 230 2321.14 II 160 2766.96 I
600 665.65 IV
300 2994.80 II 580 2322.47 II 170 2773.02 I
200 673.49 IV
320 3029.20 I 300 2323.25 II 980 2773.36 II
270 867.25 V
300 3065.42 I 300 2324.89 II 180 2774.02 II
180 875.88 V
100 3122.50 II 200 2332.97 II 390 2779.37 I
180 885.58 V
1600 3122.78 I 300 2336.47 III 230 2808.00 II
180 896.14 V
100 3194.72 I 200 2337.33 II 230 2813.86 II
180 901.54 V
100 3227.99 III 230 2343.32 II 170 2814.48 II
180 919.10 V
300 3230.63 I 320 2347.44 II 230 2817.68 I
270 921.67 V
300 3308.30 I 540 2351.22 II 200 2819.74 I
245 951.62 V
300 3309.64 I 250 2380.30 II 1200 2820.22 II
180 960.12 V
100 3309.86 III 250 2383.540 III 490 2822.68 II
180 964.74 V
100 3320.12 I 170 2393.18 II 180 2833.28 I
160 971.51 V
100 3355.15 I 450 2393.36 II 410 2845.83 I
160 1092.76 V
100 h 3391.31 I 670 2393.83 II 270 2849.21 II
160 1201.76 V
100 3395.40 I 540 2405.42 II 270 2850.96 I
270 1232.03 V
100 3467.21 I 370 2410.14 II 180 2851.21 II
200 1233.59 V
300 3557.36 I 320 2417.69 II 180 2860.56 I
160 1237.42 V
300 3586.73 I 390 2447.25 II 760 2861.01 II
160 1239.53 V
100 3611.57 I 450 2460.49 II 760 2861.70 II
160 1244.46 V
100 h 3631.31 I 400 2461.74 III 2100 2866.37 I
440 1396.66 V
300 3637.90 I 430 2464.19 II 210 2887.14 I
270 1400.09 V
100 h 3645.02 I 210 2469.18 II 800 2889.62 I
160 1401.70 V
100 3650.74 I 2000 2495.16 III 1800 2898.26 I
370 1407.17 V
100 3709.62 I 290 2496.99 II 1200 2904.41 I
370 1408.38 V
100 3796.01 I 580 2512.69 II 890 2904.75 I
270 1412.28 V
100 3874.73 I 580 2513.03 II 2000 2916.48 I
270 1413.51 V
100 h 3892.26 I 1000 2515.16 III 580 2918.58 I
160 1421.96 V
400 3897.86 I 890 2516.88 II 320 2919.59 II
220 1422.53 V
300 3909.38 I 340 2531.19 II 180 2924.62 I
370 1433.43 V


490 2929.63 II 670 3312.86 I 650 3793.37 II 160 5719.18 I
Atomic
450 2929.90 I 180 3317.99 II 850 d 3800.38 I 95 6098.67 I
710 2937.80 II 890 3332.73 I 320 3811.78 I 95 6185.13 I
2000 2940.77 I 370 3352.06 II 1300 3820.73 I 85 6789.27 I
160 2944.71 I 230 3358.91 I 280 3830.02 I 160 6818.94 I
1200 2950.68 I 180 3360.06 I 800 3849.18 I 160 7063.83 I
1100 2954.20 I 180 3378.93 I 600 3858.31 I 570 7131.81 I
540 2958.02 I 230 3384.70 II 230 3860.91 I 650 7237.10 I
1400 2964.88 I 170 3386.21 I 200 3872.55 II 410 7240.87 I
620 2966.93 I 800 3389.83 II 160 3877.10 II 360 7624.40 I
710 2968.81 II 230 3392.81 I 380 3880.82 II 110 7740.17 I
890 2975.88 II 230 3394.59 II 200 3882.52 I 310 7845.35 I
1100 2980.81 I 230 3397.26 I 200 3889.23 I 130 7920.71 I
210 2982.72 I 230 3397.60 I 200 3889.33 I 250 7994.73 I
170 3000.10 II 2300 3399.80 II 620 3899.94 I 130 8204.58 I
800 3005.56 I 170 3400.21 I 620 3918.09 II 150 8546.48 I
1100 3012.90 II 180 3402.51 I 200 3923.90 II 160 8640.06 I
540 3016.78 I 230 3410.17 II 320 3931.38 I 40 8711.24 I
1100 3016.94 II 230 3417.34 I 410 3951.83 I 65 9004.73 I
980 3018.31 I 410 3419.18 I 160 3968.01 I
Helium He Z=2
1200 3020.53 I 200 3428.37 II 200 3973.48 I
15 231.454 II
410 3031.16 II 250 3438.24 II 180 4032.27 I
20 232.584 II
710 3050.76 I 710 3472.40 I 230 4062.84 I
30 234.347 II
1100 3057.02 I 200 3478.99 II 180 4083.35 I
50 237.331 II
850 3067.41 I 480 3479.28 II 540 4093.16 II
100 243.027 II
2100 3072.88 I 250 3495.75 II 1100 4174.34 I
300 256.317 II
170 3074.10 I 250 3497.16 I 160 4206.58 II
1000 303.780 II
250 3074.79 I 980 3497.49 I 190 4209.70 I
500 303.786 II
430 3080.84 I 1200 3505.23 II 170 4228.08 I
10 320.293 I
200 3096.76 I 980 3523.02 I 170 4232.44 II
2 505.500 I
340 3101.40 II 980 3535.54 II 170 4260.98 I
3 505.684 I
710 3109.12 II 760 3536.62 I 200 4263.39 I
4 505.912 I
710 3131.81 I 180 3548.81 I 170 4272.85 II
5 506.200 I
850 3134.72 II 540 3552.70 II 320 4294.79 I
7 506.570 I
170 3139.65 II 1300 3561.66 II 160 4330.27 I
10 507.058 I
220 3145.32 II 270 3567.36 I 180 4336.66 II
15 507.718 I
220 3148.41 I 1100 3569.04 II 250 4356.33 I
20 508.643 I
450 3156.63 I 210 3597.42 II 180 4370.97 II
25 509.998 I
270 3159.82 I 540 3599.87 I 160 4417.91 I
35 512.098 I
710 3162.61 II 800 3616.89 I 200 4438.04 I
50 515.616 I
450 3168.39 I 320 3630.87 II 250 4565.94 I
100 522.213 I
890 3172.94 I 800 3644.36 II 500 d 4598.80 I
400 537.030 I
450 3176.86 II 320 3649.10 I 230 4620.86 I
1000 584.334 I
220 3181.01 I 200 3651.84 I 210 4655.19 I
50 591.412 I
360 3193.53 II 220 3665.35 II 120 4699.01 I
5 958.70 II
670 3194.19 II 200 3672.27 I 160 4782.74 I
6 972.11 II
200 3196.93 I 480 3675.74 I 310 4800.50 I
8 992.36 II
310 3206.11 I 2200 3682.24 I 130 4859.24 I
15 1025.27 II
180 3210.98 I 280 3696.51 I 120 4975.25 I
30 1084.94 II
180 3217.30 II 240 3699.72 II 95 5018.20 I
35 1215.09 II
180 3220.61 II 340 3701.15 II 95 5047.45 I
50 1215.17 II
360 3247.66 I 1000 3717.80 I 75 5170.18 I
120 1640.34 II
220 3249.53 I 650 3719.28 II 230 5181.86 I
180 1640.47 II
890 3253.70 II 160 3729.10 I 110 5243.99 I
7 2385.40 II
270 3255.28 II 460 3733.79 I 120 5294.87 I
9 2511.20 II
180 3273.66 II 160 3737.88 II 110 5354.73 I
50 2577.6 I
200 h 3279.67 III 400 3746.80 I 110 5373.86 I
1 2723.19 I
270 3279.98 II 170 3766.92 II 75 5452.92 I
12 2733.30 II
160 3291.05 I 200 3768.25 I 230 5550.60 I
2 2763.80 I
210 3306.12 I 1400 3777.64 I 230 5552.12 I
10 2818.2 I
340 3310.27 I 1400 3785.46 I 95 5613.27 I
4 2829.08 I


10 2945.11 I 2000 10830.34 I 1600 3461.97 II 1300 4125.65 I
Atomic
40 3013.7 I 9 10913.05 I 810 c 3473.91 II 4300 4127.16 I

20 3187.74 I 3 10917.10 I 5400 c 3474.26 II 1500 4136.22 I
3 3202.96 II 4 11626.4 II 6300 3484.84 II 980 cw 4152.61 II
15 3203.10 II 30 11969.12 I 2500 c 3494.76 II 8100 4163.03 I
1 3354.55 I 20 12527.52 I 810 c 3498.88 II 2500 4173.23 I
2 3447.59 I 50 12784.99 I 810 3510.73 I 540 4194.35 I
1 3587.27 I 20 12790.57 I 4100 c 3515.59 II 2000 4227.04 I
3 3613.64 I 7 12845.96 I 410 c 3519.94 II 1300 cw 4254.43 I
2 3634.23 I 10 12968.45 I 630 3540.76 II 490 4264.05 I
3 3705.00 I 2 12984.89 I 1600 3546.05 II 1300 4350.73 I
1 3732.86 I 12 15083.64 I 1100 c 3556.78 II 300 4477.64 II
10 3819.607 I 200 17002.47 I 410 3560.15 II 290 4629.10 II
1 3819.76 I 1 18555.55 I 410 c 3573.24 II 80 4701.69 II
500 3888.65 I 6 18636.8 II 630 c 3574.80 II 130 4709.84 II
20 3964.729 I 500 18685.34 I 810 3579.12 I 130 c 4717.52 I
1 4009.27 I 200 18697.23 I 410 3580.75 II 290 4742.04 II
50 4026.191 I 100 19089.38 I 410 3581.83 II 100 c 4757.01 I
5 4026.36 I 20 19543.08 I 630 c 3592.23 II 65 4782.92 I
12 4120.82 I 1000 20581.30 I 1100 cw 3598.77 II 290 4939.01 I
2 4120.99 I 80 21120.07 I 540 c 3600.95 II 250 c 4967.21 II
3 4143.76 I 10 21121.43 I 410 3618.43 I 220 4979.97 I
10 4387.929 I 20 21132.03 I 430 c 3626.69 II 90 4995.05 I
3 4437.55 I 3 30908.5 II 490 3627.25 II 130 5042.37 I
200 4471.479 I 4 40478.90 I 430 c 3631.76 II 80 5093.07 I
25 4471.68 I 430 c 3638.30 II 140 5127.81 I
Holmium Ho Z = 67
6 4685.4 II 1600 c 3662.29 I 130 5142.59 II
170 2502.91 II
30 4685.7 II 1400 3667.97 I 110 5143.22 II
170 2533.80 I
30 4713.146 I 720 3679.19 I 160 5149.59 II
190 2605.86 II
4 4713.38 I 670 3679.70 I 90 c 5167.88 I
270 2750.35 II
20 4921.931 I 720 3682.65 I 130 c 5182.11 I
270 2769.89 II
100 5015.678 I 580 3690.65 I 90 5190.11 II
300 2824.20 II
10 5047.74 I 410 3700.04 I 65 5251.82 I
270 c 2831.69 II
5 5411.52 II 490 c 3702.35 II 90 5301.25 I
270 2849.10 II
500 5875.62 I 430 3712.88 I 80 5330.11 I
360 2880.26 II
100 5875.97 I 450 3720.72 I 90 5359.99 I
460 2880.98 II
8 6560.10 II 1100 3731.40 I 100 5407.08 I
570 c 2909.41 II
100 6678.15 I 810 3736.35 I 70 5566.52 I
410 c 2979.63 II
3 6867.48 I 3200 cw 3748.17 II 65 5627.60 I
410 2987.64 II
200 7065.19 I 8900 c 3796.75 II 140 5659.58 I
480 c 3049.38 II
30 7065.71 I 8900 c 3810.73 II 140 c 5691.47 I
410 c 3054.00 II
50 7281.35 I 410 c 3835.35 II 140 c 5696.57 I
500 c 3057.45 II
1 7816.15 I 1300 cw 3837.51 II 140 c 5860.28 I
500 c 3082.34 II
2 8361.69 I 410 c 3842.05 II 70 c 5882.99 I
910 3084.36 II
2 9063.27 I 1100 3843.86 II 70 5921.76 I
430 c 3086.54 II
2 9210.34 I 490 c 3846.73 II 70 cw 5948.03 I
760 3118.50 II
10 9463.61 I 1800 c 3854.07 II 70 5972.76 I
580 c 3166.62 II
4 9516.60 I 2700 c 3861.68 II 90 5973.52 I
810 3173.78 II
3 9526.17 I 3000 c 3888.96 II 230 c 5982.90 I
810 c 3181.50 II
1 9529.27 I 13000 c 3891.02 II 120 6081.79 I
980 c 3281.97 II
1 9603.42 I 1300 cw 3905.68 II 70 6208.65 I
630 c 3337.23 II
3 9702.60 I 580 3955.73 I 70 c 6305.36 I
980 c 3343.58 II
6 10027.73 I 490 3959.68 I 70 6550.97 I
8100 c 3398.98 II
2 10031.16 I 2700 4040.81 I 260 6604.94 I
810 c 3410.26 II
15 10123.6 II 5400 c 4045.44 II 120 6628.99 I
1400 c 3414.90 II
1 10138.50 I 8100 4053.93 I 55 cw 6694.32 I
5400 3416.46 II
10 10311.23 I 1700 4065.09 II 55 c 6785.43 I
1200 3421.63 II
2 10311.54 I 720 4068.05 I 40 cw 6939.49 I
2000 c 3425.34 II
3 10667.65 I 8900 4103.84 I 45 cw 6950.39 I
2000 c 3428.13 II
300 10829.09 I 2900 4108.62 I 140 7555.09 I
3200 3453.14 II
1000 10830.25 I 1500 4120.20 I 40 c 7628.42 I
16000 c 3456.00 II


50 c 7693.15 I 82 1096.81 IV 80 2865.68 II 380 c 4638.16 II
Atomic
60 cw 7815.48 I 84 1097.18 IV 120 d 2890.18 II 220 c 4644.58 II
60 7894.64 I 85 1116.10 IV 1100 2932.63 I 360 c 4655.62 II
50 8512.94 I 80 1124.06 IV 100 2941.05 II 320 w 4656.74 II
40 8670.19 I 90 1131.46 IV 100 2982.80 III 190 c 4681.11 II
90 8915.98 II 85 1144.43 IV 110 c 2999.40 II 450 w 4684.8 II
80 1145.41 IV 100 3008.08 III 90 d 4907.06 II
Hydrogen H Z=1
89 1146.62 IV 8000 3039.36 I 150 c 4973.77 II
15 926.226 I
83 1154.11 IV 110 d 3099.80 II 80 h 5109.36 II
20 930.748 I
84 1154.60 IV 180 c 3101.8 II 100 w 5115.14 II
30 937.803 I
90 1157.71 IV 130 c 3138.60 II 140 c 5117.40 II
50 949.743 I
90 1157.82 IV 80 c 3142.75 II 270 c 5120.80 II
100 972.537 I
85 1159.78 IV 130 d 3146.70 II 200 w 5121.75 II
300 1025.722 I
88 1176.50 IV 150 3155.77 II 80 d 5129.85 II
1000 1215.668 I
85 1191.58 IV 100 c 3158.40 II 240 c 5175.42 II
500 1215.674 I
83 1204.87 IV 90 c 3176.30 II 140 c 5184.44 II
5 3835.384 I
90 1206.55 IV 90 d 3198.11 II 200 5248.77 III
6 3889.049 I
88 1221.50 IV 13000 3256.09 I 150 c 5309.45 II
8 3970.072 I
85 1221.90 IV 3000 3258.56 I 80 5411.41 II
15 4101.74 I
85 1233.58 IV 90 c 3338.50 II 140 c 5418.45 II
30 4340.47 I
87 1235.84 IV 100 c 3404.28 II 220 w 5436.70 II
80 4861.33 I
90 1373.20 IV 110 d 3438.40 II 130 c 5497.50 II
120 6562.72 I
88 1398.77 IV 180 c 3693.91 II 140 c 5507.08 II
180 6562.852 I
81 1412.09 IV 95 c 3708.13 II 320 c 5513.00 II
5 9545.97 I
100 1625.42 III 380 w 3716.14 II 250 w 5523.28 II
7 10049.4 I
100 1748.83 III 120 c 3718.30 II 130 c 5536.50 II
12 10938.1 I
30 1842.41 III 160 c 3718.72 II 190 w 5555.45 II
20 12818.1 I
40 1850.30 III 160 c 3723.40 II 240 c 5576.90 II
40 18751.0 I
30 2154.08 III 170 w 3795.21 II 200 w 5636.70 II
5 21655.3 I
50 2205.28 II 230 c 3799.21 II 100 5645.15 III
8 26251.5 I
40 2281.64 II 250 c 3834.65 II 160 c 5708.50 II
15 40511.6 I
100 c 2306.05 II 200 c 3842.18 II 100 c 5721.80 II
4 46525.1 I
90 d 2313.21 II 100 3852.82 III 100 5819.50 III
6 74578. I
70 d 2327.95 II 100 3889.78 II 210 c 5853.15 II
Indium In Z = 49 80 h 2334.57 II 100 c 3902.07 II 490 w 5903.4 II
17 378.61 V 110 d 2382.63 II 250 w 3962.35 II 260 w 5915.4 II
17 386.21 V 70 h 2427.20 II 120 c 4004.66 II 120 c 5918.78 II
14 388.91 V 100 2447.90 II 140 d 4013.92 II 130 c 6062.9 II
25 393.89 V 110 d 2488.62 II 100 4023.77 III 250 c 6095.95 II
25 400.57 V 90 2488.95 II 150 4032.32 III 210 c 6108.66 II
25 402.39 V 80 2498.59 II 410 w 4056.94 II 180 w 6115.9 II
622 472.71 IV 100 2499.60 II 100 4071.57 III 230 w 6128.7 II
689 479.39 IV 90 d 2500.99 II 100 4072.93 III 240 w 6129.4 II
709 498.62 IV 110 d 2512.31 II 17000 4101.76 I 320 w 6132.1 II
10 882.24 III 100 2521.37 I 140 c 4205.14 II 150 c 6140.0 II
10 890.84 III 100 2527.41 III 100 d 4213.04 II 90 6143.23 II
10 915.87 III 160 d 2554.44 II 110 d 4219.66 II 140 c 6148.10 II
85 954.67 IV 1100 2560.15 I 100 4252.68 III 190 w 6149.5 II
87 973.50 IV 200 2601.76 I 150 d 4372.87 II 80 6161.15 II
86 991.60 IV 90 d 2654.70 II 150 c 4500.78 II 180 w 6162.45 II
89 1024.68 IV 100 d 2662.63 II 18000 4511.31 I 200 6197.72 III
85 1024.79 IV 140 d 2668.65 II 110 c 4549.01 II 100 c 6224.28 II
88 1031.45 IV 140 d 2674.56 II 140 c 4570.85 II 280 w 6228.3 II
82 1031.98 IV 80 2683.12 II 180 w 4578.02 II 140 w 6231.1 II
80 1054.43 IV 1600 2710.26 I 180 w 4578.40 II 270 w 6304.8 II
84 1063.03 IV 300 2713.94 I 140 c 4616.08 II 290 w 6362.3 II
83 1068.25 IV 80 2726.15 III 170 c 4617.17 II 300 w 6469.0 II
82 1069.82 IV 130 d 2749.75 II 250 c 4620.14 II 210 c 6541.20 II
86 1077.64 IV 700 2753.88 I 150 w 4620.70 II 190 c 6751.88 II
90 1082.10 IV 90 d 2818.97 II 170 c 4627.30 II 180 c 6765.9 II
83 1086.33 IV 180 c 2836.92 I 140 c 4637.04 II 100 c 6783.72 II


320 w 6891.5 II 600 1267.60 I 10000 5119.29 I 800 c 8169.38 I
Atomic
380 w 7182.9 II 1500 1275.26 I 3000 c 5161.20 II 500 d 8222.57 I

180 c 7255.0 II 3000 1289.40 I 1000 5234.57 I 4000 8240.05 I
210 c 7276.5 II 10000 1300.34 I 3000 c 5245.71 II 10000 c 8393.30 I
180 c 7303.4 II 3000 1302.98 I 10000 5338.22 II 1000 8486.11 I
320 c 7350.6 II 3000 1313.95 I 5000 c 5345.15 II 1500 c 8664.95 I
100 c 7632.7 II 3000 1317.54 I 600 c 5427.06 I 500 c 8700.80 I
100 c 7682.9 II 2000 1330.19 I 3000 5435.83 II 250 d 8748.22 I
210 c 7740.7 II 20000 1336.52 II 2000 c 5464.62 II 1000 8853.24 I
100 c 7776.96 II 5000 1355.10 I 10000 5625.69 II 2000 8853.80 I
180 c 7789.0 II 3000 1357.97 I 2000 c 5690.91 II 3000 8857.50 I
90 c 7840.9 II 5000 1360.97 I 4000 c 5710.53 II 1000 d 8898.50 I
240 c 8227.0 II 3000 1361.11 I 1000 d 5764.33 I 400 8964.69 I
100 w 8813.5 II 2500 1367.71 I 2000 5894.03 I 400 8993.13 I
80 c 8832.6 II 2500 1368.22 I 5000 5950.25 II 5000 9022.40 I
120 c 9197.7 II 4000 1383.23 I 300 5984.86 I 15000 9058.33 I
120 c 9202.0 II 3000 1390.75 I 2000 d 6024.08 I 1000 9098.86 I
220 w 9213.0 II 2000 1392.90 I 2000 c 6074.98 II 12000 9113.91 I
160 d 9241.1 II 2000 1400.01 I 1000 6082.43 I 600 9128.03 I
100 9977.86 I 8000 1425.49 I 2000 c 6127.49 II 600 9227.74 I
200 10257.03 I 5000 1446.26 I 800 6191.88 I 1000 9335.05 I
100 h 10744.31 I 5000 1453.18 I 500 6213.10 I 4000 9426.71 I
20 11334.72 I 5000 1457.39 I 800 6244.48 I 3000 9427.15 I
20 11731.48 I 5000 1457.47 I 1000 6293.98 I 2000 9598.22 I
10 12912.59 I 10000 1457.98 I 500 6313.13 I 2000 9649.61 I
9 13429.96 I 2500 1458.79 I 800 6330.37 I 3000 d 9653.06 I
7 14719.08 I 4000 1459.15 I 400 6333.50 I 5000 9731.73 I
6 22291.06 I 2500 1465.83 I 2000 6337.85 I 500 10003.05 I
7 23879.13 I 1000 1485.92 I 1000 6339.44 I 750 10131.16 I
5000 1492.89 I 500 6359.16 I 1000 10238.82 I
Iodine I Z = 53
5000 1507.04 I 1000 6566.49 I 400 10375.20 I
30 363.78 V
5000 1514.68 I 2000 6583.75 I 400 10391.74 I
36 380.74 V
15000 1518.05 I 1000 6585.27 I 5000 10466.54 I
45 565.53 V
2500 1526.45 I 5000 6619.66 I 400 11236.56 I
50 607.57 V
5000 1593.58 I 500 6661.11 I 350 11558.46 I
6 612.46 IV
5000 1617.60 I 500 c 6697.29 I 320 11778.34 I
6 666.81 III
2500 1640.78 I 400 6732.03 I 450 11996.86 I
8 705.11 III
15000 1702.07 I 4000 6812.57 II 300 12033.69 I
7 784.64 III
12000 1782.76 I 500 6989.78 I 150 12304.58 I
7 784.80 III
5000 1799.09 I 500 7120.05 I 60 13149.16 I
8 795.52 III
75000 1830.38 I 1200 7122.05 I 140 13958.27 I
7 919.28 IV
15000 1844.45 I 2000 7142.06 I 200 14287.02 I
10000 1034.66 II
2000 2061.63 I 1000 7164.79 I 100 14460.00 I
8 1094.20 III
7 2361.13 IV 400 d 7191.66 I 225 15032.57 I
10000 1139.80 II
6 2372.45 IV 700 7227.30 I 105 15528.65 I
10000 1160.56 II
7 2376.46 IV 1000 7236.78 I 150 16037.33 I
20000 1166.48 II
8 2387.11 IV 500 7237.84 I 15 18275.71 I
10000 1178.65 II
9 2426.10 IV 5000 7402.06 I 20 18348.52 I
15000 1187.34 II
8 2475.35 IV 1000 7410.50 I 15 18982.41 I
10000 1190.85 II
8 2519.74 IV 500 7416.48 I 35 19070.17 I
200 1218.41 I
8 2545.67 IV 5000 7468.99 I 110 19105.12 I
20000 1220.89 II
7 2545.71 III 500 c 7490.52 I 50 19370.02 I
600 1224.05 I
8 2652.23 IV 2000 7554.18 I 10 20648.69 I
600 1224.08 I
5000 3078.75 II 500 d 7556.65 I 220 22183.03 I
500 1228.89 I
200 4102.23 I 2000 c 7700.20 I 150 22226.53 I
20000 1234.06 II
200 4129.21 I 600 7897.98 I 30 22309.21 I
600 1251.34 I
100 d 4134.15 I 500 7969.48 I 32 24420.82 I
8 1252.35 III
500 d 4321.84 I 1000 8003.63 I 12 27365.42 I
2500 1259.15 I
250 4763.31 I 99000 8043.74 I 9 27573.05 I
3000 1259.51 I
1000 4862.32 I 300 d 8065.70 I 10 30361.93 I
800 1261.27 I
200 4916.94 I 1000 8090.76 I 8 30383.88 I
600 1267.57 I


10 34295.73 I 540 2333.30 I 230 2572.70 I 330 3039.26 I
740 2333.84 I 740 2577.26 I 300 3047.16 I
Atomic
9 34513.11 I
3 40228.54 I 580 2334.50 I 740 2592.06 I 300 3049.44 I
2 41633.80 I 1600 2343.18 I 740 2599.04 I 300 3057.28 I
740 2343.61 I 700 2608.25 I 1600 3068.89 I
Iridium Ir Z = 77 580 2355.00 I 1800 2611.30 I 320 3083.22 I
9900 2010.65 I 230 2357.53 II 210 2614.98 I 240 3086.44 I
8700 2022.35 I 410 2358.16 I 330 2617.78 I 390 3088.04 I
15000 2033.57 I 500 2360.73 I 210 2619.88 I 510 3100.29 I
6200 2052.22 I 2500 2363.04 I 250 2625.32 I 510 3100.45 I
5000 2060.64 I 370 2368.04 II 700 2634.17 I 340 3120.76 I
3700 2083.22 I 3500 2372.77 I 250 2639.42 I 200 3121.78 I
3100 2085.74 I 290 2375.09 II 3500 2639.71 I 3400 3133.32 I
17000 2088.82 I 250 2377.28 I 210 2644.19 I 490 3168.88 I
14000 2092.63 I 250 2377.98 I 1800 2661.98 I 370 3177.58 I
2700 2112.68 I 500 2379.38 I 350 2662.63 I 370 3198.92 I
1800 2119.54 I 540 2381.62 I 2700 2664.79 I 610 3212.12 I
2000 2125.44 I 210 2383.17 I 520 2669.91 I 370 3219.51 I
4500 2126.81 II 1300 2386.89 I 520 2671.84 I 5100 3220.78 I
2000 2127.52 I 2500 2390.62 I 330 2673.61 I 300 3229.28 I
4500 2127.94 I 2700 2391.18 I 270 2692.34 I 470 3241.52 I
3700 2148.22 I 230 2407.59 I 3000 2694.23 I 200 3262.01 I
2500 2150.54 I 290 2409.37 I 330 2772.46 I 390 3266.44 I
3500 2152.68 II 290 2410.17 I 250 2775.55 I 200 3322.60 I
2900 2155.81 I 290 2410.73 I 520 2781.29 I 560 3368.48 I
7900 2158.05 I 540 2413.31 I 330 2785.22 I 660 3437.02 I
2100 2162.88 I 370 2415.86 I 540 2797.35 I 410 3448.97 I
5800 2169.42 II 620 2418.11 I 1600 2797.70 I 3200 3513.64 I
4500 2175.24 I 210 2424.89 I 380 2798.18 I 220 3515.95 I
2700 2178.17 I 370 2424.99 I 410 2800.82 I 410 3522.03 I
1600 2187.43 II 290 2425.66 I 680 2823.18 I 320 3558.99 I
1100 2190.38 II 540 2427.61 I 1200 2824.45 I 1200 3573.72 I
740 2191.64 I 540 2431.24 I 820 2836.40 I 320 3594.39 I
910 2208.09 II 1300 2431.94 I 1100 2839.16 I 220 3609.77 I
1300 2220.37 I 270 2435.14 I 820 2840.22 I 660 3628.67 I
790 2221.07 II 250 2445.34 I 3800 2849.72 I 220 3636.20 I
2500 2242.68 II 250 2447.76 I 380 2875.60 I 300 3661.71 I
620 2245.76 II 910 2452.81 I 380 2875.98 I 300 3664.62 I
2100 2253.38 I 1300 2455.61 I 270 2877.68 I 320 3674.98 I
2100 2255.10 I 230 2455.87 I 820 2882.64 I 200 3687.08 I
1400 2255.81 I 210 2457.03 I 650 2897.15 I 200 3731.36 II
350 2258.51 I 210 2457.23 I 260 2901.95 I 530 3747.20 I
1400 2258.86 I 870 2467.30 I 260 2904.80 I 3100 3800.12 I
830 2264.61 I 3300 2475.12 I 200 2907.24 I 230 3817.24 I
1100 2266.33 I 210 2478.11 I 440 2916.36 I 480 3902.51 I
1000 2268.90 I 2100 2481.18 I 230 2918.57 I 480 3915.38 I
660 2280.00 I 620 2493.08 I 4400 2924.79 I 400 3934.84 I
950 2281.02 II 210 2496.27 I 1200 2934.64 I 590 3976.31 I
660 2281.91 I 250 2502.63 I 880 2936.68 I 460 3992.12 I
330 2284.60 I 4100 2502.98 I 250 2938.47 I 350 4033.76 I
330 2295.08 I 210 2513.71 I 2700 2943.15 I 370 4069.92 I
790 2298.05 I 990 2533.13 I 230 2946.97 I 150 4070.68 I
460 2299.53 I 1100 2534.46 I 200 2949.76 I 100 4092.61 I
910 2300.50 I 580 2537.22 I 1200 2951.22 I 140 4115.78 I
2700 2304.22 I 580 2542.02 I 200 2974.95 I 90 4172.56 I
410 2305.47 I 7900 2543.97 I 440 2980.65 I 260 4268.10 I
210 2307.27 I 790 2546.03 I 300 2996.08 I 220 4311.50 I
910 2308.93 I 210 2551.40 I 220 3002.25 I 160 4399.47 I
460 2315.38 I 210 2555.35 I 600 3003.63 I 65 4403.78 I
410 2321.45 I 910 2564.18 I 270 3017.31 I 110 4426.27 I
410 2321.58 I 210 2569.88 I 380 3029.36 I 55 4478.48 I
210 2327.98 I


55 4545.68 I 10 844.28 III 500 1479.47 V 15 1651.58 IV
30 4548.48 I 10 p 861.83 III 10 h 1505.17 III 15 1652.90 IV
Atomic
35 4568.09 I 10 891.17 III 13 1526.60 IV 13 1653.41 IV

75 4616.39 I 10 950.33 III 13 1530.26 IV 13 1656.11 IV
26 4656.18 I 10 981.37 III 14 1532.63 IV 15 1656.65 IV
50 4728.86 I 10 w 983.88 III 13 1532.91 IV 14 1660.10 IV
26 4756.46 I 12 1055.27 II 15 1533.86 IV 13 1662.32 IV
65 4778.16 I 15 1068.36 II 13 1533.95 IV 13 1662.52 IV
30 4795.67 I 15 1071.60 II 14 1536.58 IV 13 1663.54 IV
50 4938.09 I 15 1096.89 II 10 h 1538.63 III 13 1668.09 IV
26 4970.48 I 12 1099.12 II 13 1542.16 IV 12 1670.74 II
25 4999.74 I 18 1112.09 II 14 1542.70 IV 14 1671.04 IV
25 5002.74 I 12 1121.99 II 12 h 1550.20 III 13 1673.68 IV
30 5014.98 I 12 1122.86 II 13 1566.26 IV 14 1675.66 IV
30 5123.66 I 12 1128.07 II 14 1568.27 IV 13 1681.36 IV
35 5364.32 I 12 1130.43 II 13 1591.51 IV 15 1687.69 IV
75 5449.50 I 15 1133.41 II 13 1592.05 IV 15 1698.88 IV
45 5625.55 I 12 1133.68 II 13 1598.01 IV 12 1702.04 II
35 5894.06 I 12 1138.64 II 13 1600.58 IV 13 1709.81 IV
20 6110.67 I 12 1142.33 II 10 h 1601.21 III 15 1711.41 IV
12 6288.28 I 12 1143.23 II 13 1601.67 IV 14 1712.76 IV
10 6686.08 I 18 1144.95 II 13 1603.18 IV 14 1717.90 IV
6 7834.32 I 12 1147.41 II 13 1603.73 IV 14 1718.16 IV
15 1148.29 II 13 1604.88 IV 14 1719.46 IV
Iron Fe Z = 26
12 1151.16 II 13 1605.68 IV 14 1722.71 IV
350 386.16 V
12 1267.44 II 15 1605.97 IV 14 1724.06 IV
350 386.88 V
12 1272.00 II 13 1606.98 IV 16 1725.63 IV
400 387.20 V
400 1317.86 V 17 1609.10 IV 13 1761.08 IV
400 387.50 V
400 1323.27 V 14 1609.83 IV 12 1761.38 II
400 387.76 V
400 1330.40 V 13 1610.47 IV 20 1785.26 II
400 387.78 V
400 1359.01 V 13 1611.20 IV 20 1786.74 II
400 395.90 V
600 1361.82 V 13 1613.64 IV 18 1788.07 II
400 404.62 V
700 1373.59 V 15 1614.02 IV 13 1792.10 IV
400 405.50 V
600 1373.67 V 13 1614.64 IV 13 1796.93 IV
800 407.42 V
500 1376.34 V 13 1615.00 IV 13 1827.98 IV
600 407.44 V
500 1378.56 V 16 1616.68 IV 10 1869.83 III
400 407.49 V
800 1387.94 V 14 1617.68 IV 12 1877.99 III
500 407.75 V
400 1397.97 V 12 1618.47 II 10 1882.05 III
400 409.71 V
600 1400.24 V 14 1619.02 IV 12 1886.76 III
400 410.20 V
800 1402.39 V 13 1621.16 IV 13 1890.67 III
600 411.55 V
400 1406.67 V 14 1621.57 IV 11 1893.98 III
700 417.39 V
500 1406.82 V 13 1623.38 IV 20 1895.46 III
700 418.04 V
400 1407.25 V 13 1623.53 IV 10 s 1907.58 III
500 418.47 V
600 1409.45 V 15 1626.47 IV 19 1914.06 III
700 421.06 V
400 1415.20 V 14 1626.90 IV 15 1915.08 III
500 421.78 V
600 1420.46 V 13 1628.54 IV 15 1922.79 III
500 422.31 V
800 1430.57 V 13 1630.18 IV 10 p 1926.01 III
500 426.06 V
13 1431.43 IV 17 1631.08 IV 18 1926.30 III
500 426.11 V
800 1440.53 V 15 1631.12 II 15 1930.39 III
350 426.97 V
400 1442.22 V 14 1632.40 IV 14 1931.51 III
17 525.69 IV
800 1446.62 V 13 1634.01 IV 30 1934.538 I
15 526.29 IV
700 1448.85 V 18 1635.40 II 25 1937.269 I
13 526.63 IV
400 1449.93 V 15 1636.32 II 14 1937.34 III
14 536.61 IV
700 1456.16 V 15 1639.40 II 10 l 1938.90 III
15 537.10 IV
500 1459.83 V 14 1639.40 IV 14 s 1943.48 III
13 537.26 IV
400 1460.73 V 16 1640.04 IV 12 1945.34 III
14 537.79 IV
500 1462.63 V 14 1640.16 IV 50 1946.988 I
13 537.94 IV
700 1464.68 V 12 1641.76 II 10 1950.33 III
13 552.14 IV
500 1465.38 V 15 1641.87 IV 12 1951.01 III
14 607.53 IV
400 1466.65 V 15 1647.09 IV 25 1951.571 I
13 608.80 IV
500 1469.00 V 12 1647.16 II 30 1952.59 I
10 813.38 III


11 1952.65 III 60 2264.389 I 80 2406.97 II 500 2493.26 II
30 1953.005 I 80 2267.085 I 300 2410.52 II 60 2494.000 I
Atomic
13 1953.32 III 10 2267.42 III 200 2411.07 II 50 2494.251 I
10 1953.49 III 80 2267.469 I 150 2413.31 II 100 2495.87 I
10 w 1954.22 III 50 2270.862 I 80 2417.87 II 600 2496.533 I
60 1957.823 I 150 2272.070 I 60 2420.396 I 150 2498.90 I
11 1958.58 III 150 2276.026 I 60 2423.089 I 1000 2501.132 I
60 1960.144 I 80 2279.937 I 150 2424.14 II 50 2501.693 I
13 1960.32 III 150 2284.086 I 120 2428.36 II 80 2506.09 II
30 1961.25 I 150 2287.250 I 120 2430.08 II 500 2507.900 I
50 1962.111 I 300 2292.524 I 80 2432.26 II 50 2508.753 I
12 1963.11 II 10 2293.06 III 60 2438.182 I 1000 2510.835 I
15 1987.50 III 15 2295.86 III 150 2439.30 II 120 2511.76 II
14 1991.61 III 200 2297.787 I 150 2439.74 I 80 2512.275 I
13 1994.07 III 600 2298.169 I 100 2442.57 I 400 2512.365 I
12 1995.56 III 80 2299.220 I 250 2443.872 I 80 2516.570 I
12 1996.42 III 300 2300.142 I 100 2444.51 II 300 2517.661 I
10 2061.55 III 50 2301.684 I 50 2445.212 I 800 2518.102 I
12 2068.24 III 100 2303.424 I 100 2445.57 II 150 2519.629 I
14 2078.99 III 150 2303.581 I 60 2447.709 I 50 2522.480 I
100 2084.122 I 120 2308.999 I 100 2453.476 I 4000 2522.849 I
10 2084.35 III 150 2313.104 I 1500 2457.598 I 200 2523.66 I
12 2090.14 III 10 p 2317.70 III 150 2458.78 II 500 2524.293 I
15 2097.48 III 10 2319.22 III 80 2461.28 II 100 2525.02 I
12 2097.69 III 200 2320.358 I 100 2461.86 II 200 2525.39 II
12 2103.80 III 10 p 2321.71 III 100 2462.181 I 300 2526.29 II
10 2107.32 III 10 2326.95 III 1500 2462.647 I 2000 2527.435 I
15 2151.78 III 100 2327.40 II 50 2463.730 I 800 2529.135 I
12 2157.71 III 100 2331.31 II 800 2465.149 I 250 2529.55 II
50 2157.794 I 300 2332.80 II 60 2467.732 I 150 2529.836 I
12 2158.47 III 10 p 2336.77 III 600 2468.879 I 200 2530.687 I
10 2161.27 III 200 2338.01 II 80 2470.67 II 120 2533.63 II
40 2166.773 I 10 2338.96 III 80 2470.965 I 100 2534.42 II
12 2166.95 III 600 2343.49 II 800 2472.336 I 120 2535.49 II
12 2171.04 III 80 2343.96 II 1000 2472.895 I 400 2535.607 I
15 2174.66 III 150 2344.28 II 200 2473.16 I 200 2536.792 I
300 2178.118 I 200 2348.11 II 600 2474.814 I 200 2536.80 II
12 2180.41 III 250 2348.30 II 60 2476.657 I 100 2538.80 II
250 2186.486 I 200 2359.12 II 120 2479.480 I 100 2538.91 II
60 2186.892 I 150 2360.00 II 1200 2479.776 I 150 2538.99 II
120 2187.195 I 120 2360.29 II 100 2480.16 II 50 2539.357 I
250 2191.839 I 200 2364.83 II 80 2482.12 II 200 2540.66 II
150 2196.043 I 80 2365.76 II 100 2482.66 II 600 2540.972 I
80 2200.390 I 80 2368.59 II 10000 2483.271 I 80 2541.10 II
80 2200.724 I 80 2369.456 I 300 2483.533 I 300 2542.10 I
15 2208.41 II 80 2369.95 II 1000 2484.185 I 250 2543.92 I
10 p 2208.85 III 120 2371.430 I 50 2485.990 I 150 2544.70 I
20 2213.65 II 300 2373.624 I 800 2486.373 I 800 2545.978 I
12 2218.26 II 150 2373.74 II 100 2486.691 I 80 2546.67 II
20 2220.38 II 120 2374.518 I 100 2487.066 I 100 2548.74 II
10 2221.83 III 120 2376.43 II 120 2487.370 I 80 2549.08 II
10 2229.27 III 80 2379.27 II 4000 2488.143 I 80 2549.39 II
10 2232.43 III 120 2380.76 II 100 2488.945 I 600 2549.613 I
10 2232.69 III 150 2381.835 I 80 2489.48 II 400 2562.53 II
10 2235.91 III 1000 2382.04 II 1000 2489.750 I 200 2563.48 II
10 2238.16 III 300 2388.63 II 50 2489.913 I 150 2574.36 II
12 p 2241.54 III 200 2389.973 I 3000 2490.644 I 300 2576.691 I
50 2250.790 I 1000 2395.62 II 100 2490.71 II 100 2582.58 II
60 2251.874 I 300 2399.24 II 2000 2491.155 I 1500 2584.54 I
300 2259.511 I 800 2404.88 II 100 2491.40 II 650 2585.88 II
12 2261.59 III 250 2406.66 II 100 2493.18 II 90 2591.54 II


90 2593.73 II 80 2744.527 I 500 2999.512 I 80 3246.005 I
650 2598.37 II 300 2746.48 II 120 3000.451 I 80 3265.046 I
Atomic
2000 2599.40 II 100 2749.32 II 800 3000.948 I 50 3265.617 I

300 2599.57 I 500 2749.48 II 12 3001.62 III 13 3266.88 III
60 2605.657 I 1200 2750.140 I 60 3001.655 I 50 3271.000 I
300 2606.51 II 80 2753.29 II 12 h 3007.28 III 11 3276.08 III
800 2606.827 I 150 2754.032 I 200 3007.282 I 150 3286.75 I
650 2607.09 II 100 2754.426 I 500 3008.14 I 10 3288.81 III
600 2611.87 II 800 2755.73 II 120 3009.569 I 120 3305.97 I
320 2613.82 II 250 2756.328 I 15 3013.17 III 200 3306.343 I
320 2617.62 II 100 2757.316 I 60 3017.627 I 400 3355.227 I
250 2618.018 I 120 2761.780 I 60 3018.983 I 80 3355.517 I
90 2620.41 II 150 2761.81 II 500 3020.491 I 60 3369.546 I
400 2623.53 I 150 2762.026 I 1500 3020.639 I 120 3370.783 I
200 2625.67 II 120 2762.772 I 600 3021.073 I 50 3378.678 I
150 2628.29 II 120 2763.109 I 500 3024.032 I 50 3380.110 I
250 2631.05 II 80 2766.910 I 150 3025.638 I 60 3383.978 I
250 2631.32 II 250 2767.522 I 500 3025.842 I 50 3392.304 I
100 2632.237 I 300 2772.07 I 80 3030.148 I 150 3392.651 I
300 2635.809 I 600 2778.220 I 60 3031.214 I 150 3399.333 I
50 2641.646 I 3000 2788.10 I 60 3034.484 I 80 3404.353 I
200 2643.998 I 200 2797.78 I 800 3037.389 I 500 3407.458 I
300 2666.812 I 400 2804.521 I 80 3041.637 I 250 3413.131 I
60 2666.965 I 1500 2806.98 I 800 3047.604 I 60 3424.284 I
600 2679.062 I 10 p 2813.24 III 600 3057.446 I 500 3427.119 I
500 2684.75 II 2500 2813.287 I 1000 3059.086 I 60 3428.748 I
400 2689.212 I 300 2823.276 I 250 3067.244 I 6000 3440.606 I
10 h 2695.13 III 600 2825.56 I 120 3075.719 I 2500 3440.989 I
200 2699.106 I 50 2825.687 I 120 3091.577 I 1000 3443.876 I
80 2706.012 I 120 2828.808 I 80 3098.189 I 200 3445.149 I
400 2706.582 I 1500 2832.436 I 100 3099.895 I 1200 3465.860 I
60 2708.571 I 120 2835.950 I 100 3099.968 I 2000 3475.450 I
200 2711.655 I 200 2838.119 I 60 3100.303 I 500 3476.702 I
80 2714.41 II 200 2843.631 I 100 3100.665 I 2500 3490.574 I
50 2716.257 I 1000 2843.977 I 10 p 3136.43 III 500 3497.840 I
50 2717.786 I 100 2845.594 I 10 3174.09 III 10 3501.76 III
250 2718.436 I 800 2851.797 I 80 3175.445 I 250 3513.817 I
4000 2719.027 I 50 2869.307 I 10 3175.99 III 300 3521.261 I
100 2719.420 I 50 2872.334 I 10 3178.01 III 400 3526.040 I
50 2720.197 I 80 2874.172 I 150 3184.895 I 100 3526.166 I
1500 2720.903 I 50 2894.504 I 250 3191.659 I 60 3526.237 I
400 2723.578 I 12 2904.43 III 500 3193.226 I 60 3526.381 I
150 2724.953 I 10 2907.50 III 800 3193.299 I 60 3526.467 I
50 2726.235 I 12 2907.70 III 200 3196.928 I 100 3533.199 I
80 2727.54 II 120 2912.157 I 80 3199.500 I 200 3536.556 I
200 2728.020 I 120 2929.007 I 50 3205.398 I 300 3541.083 I
50 2728.820 I 1200 2936.903 I 100 3211.88 I 250 3542.075 I
80 2728.90 II 60 2941.343 I 200 3214.011 I 80 3553.739 I
1000 2733.581 I 1000 2947.876 I 200 3214.396 I 400 3554.925 I
60 2734.005 I 600 2953.940 I 60 3215.938 I 200 3556.878 I
50 2734.268 I 250 2957.364 I 50 3217.377 I 400 3558.515 I
500 2735.475 I 150 2965.254 I 80 3219.583 I 1000 3565.379 I
50 2735.612 I 1500 2966.898 I 60 3219.766 I 1200 3570.097 I
500 2737.310 I 120 2969.36 I 300 3222.045 I 800 3570.25 I
120 2737.83 I 800 2970.099 I 600 3225.78 I 120 3571.996 I
400 2739.55 II 1200 2973.132 I 80 3227.796 I 100 3573.393 I
250 2742.254 I 500 2973.235 I 50 3233.967 I 60 3573.829 I
800 2742.405 I 600 2981.445 I 120 3234.613 I 60 3573.888 I
200 2743.20 II 1000 2983.570 I 300 3236.222 I 4000 3581.19 I
150 2743.565 I 1000 2994.427 I 100 3239.433 I 150 3582.199 I
200 2744.068 I 250 2994.502 I 80 3244.187 I 150 3584.660 I


120 3584.929 I 6000 3737.131 I 1200 3927.920 I 40 4195.329 I
300 3585.319 I 100 3738.306 I 2000 3930.296 I 150 4198.304 I
Atomic
150 3585.705 I 400 3743.362 I 60 3948.774 I 40 4199.095 I
10 3586.04 III 6000 3745.561 I 60 3949.953 I 300 4202.029 I
200 3586.103 I 1200 3745.899 I 50 3951.164 I 40 4203.984 I
400 3586.984 I 3000 3748.262 I 50 3952.601 I 80 4206.696 I
100 3594.633 I 80 3748.964 I 16 3954.33 III 80 4210.343 I
11 3600.94 III 3000 3749.485 I 60 3956.454 I 400 4216.183 I
150 3603.204 I 1500 3758.232 I 250 3956.68 I 100 4219.360 I
11 3603.88 III 400 3760.05 I 60 3966.614 I 50 4222.212 I
200 3605.454 I 1500 3763.788 I 11 3968.72 III 11 4222.27 III
500 3606.680 I 400 3765.54 I 100 3969.257 I 50 4225.956 I
1500 3608.859 I 600 3767.191 I 80 3977.741 I 200 4227.423 I
250 3610.16 I 60 3776.452 I 10 w 3979.42 III 100 4233.602 I
60 3612.068 I 250 3785.95 I 40 3981.771 I 13 4235.56 III
150 3617.788 I 100 3786.68 I 50 3983.956 I 250 4235.936 I
1500 3618.768 I 250 3787.880 I 60 3994.114 I 50 4238.809 I
200 3621.462 I 250 3790.092 I 200 3997.392 I 12 4243.75 III
150 3622.004 I 150 3794.34 I 40 3998.053 I 50 4247.425 I
150 3623.19 I 400 3795.002 I 400 4005.241 I 200 4250.118 I
100 3631.096 I 120 3797.518 I 60 4009.713 I 300 4250.787 I
1200 3631.463 I 250 3798.511 I 100 4021.867 I 40 4258.315 I
60 3632.041 I 400 3799.547 I 10 4035.42 III 800 4260.473 I
100 3638.298 I 200 3805.345 I 50 4040.638 I 250 4271.153 I
200 3640.389 I 80 3806.696 I 4000 4045.813 I 1200 4271.759 I
80 3643.717 I 600 3812.964 I 11 4053.11 III 12 h 4273.40 III
1500 3647.842 I 60 3813.059 I 1500 4063.594 I 12 4279.72 III
250 3649.506 I 1500 3815.840 I 50 4066.975 I 1200 4282.402 I
80 3650.279 I 2500 3820.425 I 50 4067.977 I 14 h 4286.16 III
200 3651.467 I 150 3821.179 I 1200 4071.737 I 80 4291.462 I
120 3670.024 I 80 3824.306 I 40 4076.629 I 16 h 4296.85 III
150 3670.089 I 2500 3824.444 I 12 4081.00 III 250 4299.234 I
100 3676.311 I 1500 3825.880 I 40 4100.737 I 18 h 4304.78 III
150 3677.629 I 1200 3827.823 I 40 4107.489 I 1200 4307.901 I
1500 3679.913 I 1000 3834.222 I 150 4118.544 I 20 h 4310.36 III
200 3682.242 I 120 3839.257 I 10 4120.90 III 150 4315.084 I
120 3683.054 I 500 3840.437 I 11 4122.02 III 1500 4325.761 I
150 3684.107 I 800 3841.047 I 11 4122.78 III 80 4352.734 I
120 3685.998 I 120 3843.256 I 40 4127.608 I 80 4369.771 I
500 3687.456 I 80 3846.800 I 400 4132.058 I 11 h 4372.31 III
120 3689.477 I 200 3849.96 I 80 4134.676 I 14 h 4372.53 III
150 3694.008 I 120 3850.817 I 40 4136.997 I 18 h 4372.81 III
120 3695.051 I 2500 3856.372 I 15 4137.76 III 800 4375.929 I
150 3701.086 I 150 3859.212 I 13 4139.35 III 3000 4383.544 I
80 3704.462 I 10000 3859.911 I 200 4143.415 I 1200 4404.750 I
1200 3705.566 I 150 3865.523 I 800 4143.869 I 300 4415.122 I
60 3707.041 I 60 3867.215 I 40 4153.898 I 12 4419.60 III
150 3707.821 I 250 3872.501 I 50 4154.500 I 600 4427.299 I
300 3707.919 I 150 3873.761 I 60 4156.799 I 400 4461.652 I
600 3709.246 I 250 3878.018 I 18 4164.73 III 120 4466.551 I
120 3716.442 I 2000 3878.573 I 13 4166.84 III 80 4476.017 I
8000 3719.935 I 4000 3886.282 I 50 4172.744 I 80 4482.169 I
1500 3722.563 I 200 3887.048 I 13 4174.26 III 200 4482.252 I
120 3724.377 I 300 3888.513 I 60 4174.912 I 50 4489.739 I
60 3725.491 I 800 3895.656 I 50 4175.635 I 50 4528.613 I
60 3727.093 I 1200 3899.707 I 50 4177.593 I 30 4647.433 I
500 3727.619 I 400 3902.945 I 120 4181.754 I 30 4736.771 I
150 3732.396 I 250 3906.479 I 50 4184.891 I 50 4859.741 I
1200 3733.317 I 80 3916.731 I 120 4187.038 I 120 4871.317 I
5000 3734.864 I 600 3920.258 I 120 4187.795 I 60 4872.136 I
120 3735.324 I 1200 3922.911 I 80 4191.430 I 30 4878.208 I


100 4890.754 I 10 5368.06 III 80 7187.313 I 50 625.02 III
250 4891.492 I 400 5371.489 I 30 7207.381 I 30 625.76 III
Atomic
30 4903.309 I 11 l 5375.47 III 30 7445.746 I 45 628.59 III

150 4918.992 I 40 5393.167 I 40 7495.059 I 50 630.04 III
500 4920.502 I 300 5397.127 I 60 7511.045 I 35 633.09 III
1500 4957.597 I 250 5405.774 I 80 7937.131 I 120 637.87 V
80 5001.862 I 250 5429.695 I 60 7945.984 I 50 639.98 III
30 5005.711 I 100 5434.523 I 80 7998.939 I 60 646.41 III
100 5006.117 I 200 5446.871 I 60 8046.047 I 50 651.20 III
60 5012.067 I 120 5455.609 I 50 8085.176 I 50 659.72 III
30 5014.941 I 25 5497.516 I 150 8220.41 I 30 664.86 III
150 5041.755 I 20 5501.464 I 120 8327.053 I 40 672.34 III
30 5049.819 I 30 5506.778 I 20 8331.908 I 35 672.85 III
30 5051.634 I 30 5569.618 I 120 8387.770 I 35 676.57 III
25 5074.748 I 60 5572.841 I 30 8468.404 I 35 680.13 III
150 5110.357 I 120 5586.755 I 15 8514.069 I 35 683.68 III
40 5139.251 I 200 5615.644 I 60 8661.898 I 45 686.25 III
100 5139.462 I 20 5624.541 I 150 8688.621 I 45 687.98 III
25 5151.910 I 50 5662.515 I 52 11422.32 I 690.86 V
12 5156.12 III 11 5719.88 III 87 11439.12 I 691.75 V
80 5166.281 I 10 5756.38 III 91 11593.59 I 45 691.93 III
2500 5167.487 I 20 5762.990 I 255 11607.57 I 50 695.61 III
80 5168.897 I 18 5833.93 III 160 11638.26 I 30 698.05 III
500 5171.595 I 10 5854.62 III 230 11689.98 I 50 708.36 III
50 5191.454 I 30 5862.353 I 160 11783.26 I 600 708.85 V
80 5192.343 I 15 5891.91 III 580 11882.84 I 50 714.00 III
200 5194.941 I 30 5914.114 I 225 11884.08 I 100 p 722.04 III
10 5199.08 III 10 p 5920.13 III 1030 11973.05 I 60 729.40 II
30 5204.582 I 18 p 5929.69 III 96 14400.56 I 30 746.70 III
25 5215.179 I 10 5952.31 III 72 14512.23 I 200 761.18 II
150 5216.274 I 14 5953.62 III 50 14555.06 I 100 763.98 II
60 5226.862 I 12 5979.32 III 40 14826.43 I 60 766.20 II
1000 5227.150 I 30 5986.956 I 94 15294.58 I 200 771.03 II
250 5232.939 I 12 h 5989.08 III 41 15769.42 I 60 p 773.69 II
10 5235.66 III 18 5999.54 III 105 18856.65 I 200 782.10 II
18 5243.31 III 16 6032.59 III 100 783.72 II
Krypton Kr Z = 36
13 l 5260.34 III 13 6036.56 III 60 785.97 III
30 467.35 III
100 5266.555 I 11 6048.72 III 793.44 IV
150 472.16 V
1200 5269.537 I 11 6054.18 III 794.11 IV
100 484.39 V
800 5270.357 I 40 6065.482 I 7 805.76 IV
250 496.25 V
14 5272.98 III 30 6102.159 I 810.70 V
120 500.77 V
15 5276.48 III 40 6136.614 I 18 816.82 IV
200 507.20 V
30 5281.789 I 40 6137.694 I 60 818.15 II
30 540.86 III
16 5282.30 III 40 6191.558 I 60 830.38 II
60 548.04 V
60 5283.621 I 30 6213.429 I 50 837.66 III
30 565.64 III
12 5284.83 III 30 6219.279 I 22 842.04 IV
30 569.16 III
11 5298.12 III 40 6230.726 I 100 844.06 II
30 571.98 III
12 5299.93 III 20 6246.317 I 50 854.73 III
30 579.83 III
25 5302.299 I 80 6247.56 II 60 862.58 III
30 585.14 III
14 w 5302.60 III 30 6252.554 I 60 864.82 II
30 585.96 III
10 5306.76 III 20 6393.602 I 60 868.87 II
30 593.70 III
10 5322.74 III 30 6399.999 I 40 870.84 III
30 594.10 III
150 5324.178 I 20 6411.647 I 50 876.08 III
30 596.41 III
800 5328.038 I 20 6421.349 I 200 884.14 II
40 600.17 III
300 5328.531 I 30 6430.844 I 1000 886.30 II
30 603.67 III
100 5332.899 I 200 6456.38 II 400 891.01 II
50 605.86 III
80 5339.928 I 60 6494.981 I 75 897.81 III
35 606.47 III
500 5341.023 I 20 6546.239 I 200 911.39 II
50 611.12 III
11 5346.88 III 20 6592.913 I 2000 917.43 II
35 616.72 III
12 5353.77 III 40 6677.989 I 50 945.44 I
40 621.45 III
12 5363.76 III 25 7164.443 I 50 946.54 I
45 622.80 III


20 951.06 I 60 2992.22 III 300 4057.037 II 200 5468.17 II
50 953.40 I 50 3022.30 III 300 4065.128 II 10 5501.43 III
Atomic
50 963.37 I 80 3024.45 III 50 4067.37 III 500 5562.224 I
2000 964.97 II 50 3046.93 III 500 4088.337 II 2000 5570.288 I
50 987.29 III 30 3056.72 III 250 4098.729 II 80 5580.386 I
100 1001.06 I 60 3063.13 III 100 4109.248 II 100 5649.561 I
100 1003.55 I 40 3097.16 III 40 4131.33 III 400 5681.89 II
100 1030.02 I 60 3112.25 III 250 4145.122 II 200 h 5690.35 II
30 1158.74 III 30 3120.61 III 40 4154.46 III 100 5832.855 I
200 1164.87 I 100 3124.39 III 150 4250.580 II 3000 5870.914 I
650 1235.84 I 60 3141.35 III 1000 4273.969 I 200 5992.22 II
6 1638.82 III 3 3142.01 IV 100 4282.967 I 60 5993.849 I
6 1914.09 III 100 3189.11 III 600 4292.923 II 10 h 6037.17 III
3 2237.34 IV 80 3191.21 III 200 4300.49 II 60 6056.125 I
6 2291.26 IV 6 3224.99 IV 500 h 4317.81 II 10 h 6078.38 III
3 2329.3 IV 40 3239.52 III 400 4318.551 I 10 6310.22 III
4 2336.75 IV 40 3240.44 III 1000 4319.579 I 300 6420.18 II
4 2348.27 IV 300 3245.69 III 150 h 4322.98 II 100 6421.026 I
3 2358.5 IV 3 3261.70 IV 100 4351.359 I 200 6456.288 I
3 2388.05 IV 150 3264.81 III 3000 4355.477 II 150 6570.07 II
40 2393.94 III 100 3268.48 III 500 4362.641 I 60 6699.228 I
4 2416.9 IV 30 3271.65 III 200 4369.69 II 100 6904.678 I
3 2428.04 IV 30 3285.89 III 800 4376.121 I 250 7213.13 II
5 2442.68 IV 30 3304.75 III 300 h 4386.54 II 100 7224.104 I
4 2451.7 IV 50 3311.47 III 200 4399.965 I 80 7287.258 I
6 2459.74 IV 200 3325.75 III 100 4425.189 I 400 7289.78 II
100 h 2464.77 II 60 3330.76 III 500 4431.685 II 400 7407.02 II
5 2474.06 IV 50 3342.48 III 600 4436.812 II 60 7425.541 I
60 2492.48 II 100 3351.93 III 600 4453.917 I 200 7435.78 II
40 2494.01 III 40 3374.96 III 800 4463.689 I 100 7486.862 I
4 2517.0 IV 100 3439.46 III 800 4475.014 II 300 7524.46 II
5 2518.02 IV 70 3474.65 III 400 h 4489.88 II 1000 7587.411 I
6 2519.38 IV 100 3488.59 III 600 4502.353 I 2000 7601.544 I
5 2524.5 IV 200 3507.42 III 400 h 4523.14 II 150 7641.16 II
5 2546.0 IV 100 3564.23 III 200 h 4556.61 II 1000 7685.244 I
6 2547.0 IV 100 h 3607.88 II 800 4577.209 II 1200 7694.538 I
4 2558.08 IV 200 3631.889 II 300 4582.978 II 250 7735.69 II
30 2563.25 III 30 3641.34 III 150 h 4592.80 II 150 7746.827 I
3 2586.9 IV 250 3653.928 II 500 4615.292 II 800 7854.821 I
5 2606.17 IV 80 3665.324 I 1000 4619.166 II 200 7913.423 I
10 2609.5 IV 150 3669.01 II 800 4633.885 II 180 7928.597 I
8 2615.3 IV 100 3679.559 I 2000 4658.876 II 200 7933.22 II
7 2621.11 IV 80 3686.182 II 500 4680.406 II 120 7973.62 II
60 2639.76 III 30 3690.65 III 100 4691.301 II 100 7982.401 I
30 2680.32 III 300 h 3718.02 II 200 4694.360 II 1500 8059.503 I
40 2681.19 III 200 3718.595 II 3000 4739.002 II 4000 8104.364 I
80 h 2712.40 II 150 3721.350 II 300 4762.435 II 6000 8112.899 I
3 2730.55 IV 200 3741.638 II 1000 4765.744 II 60 8132.967 I
8 2748.18 IV 150 3744.80 II 300 4811.76 II 3000 8190.054 I
6 2774.70 IV 80 3754.245 II 300 4825.18 II 200 8202.72 II
3 2829.60 IV 500 3778.089 II 800 4832.077 II 80 8218.365 I
100 2833.00 II 500 3783.095 II 700 4846.612 II 3000 8263.240 I
3 2836.08 IV 3 3809.30 IV 150 4857.20 II 100 8272.353 I
30 2841.00 III 5 3860.58 IV 300 4945.59 II 1500 8281.050 I
30 2851.16 III 40 h 3868.70 III 20 h 5016.45 III 5000 8298.107 I
5 2853.0 IV 150 h 3875.44 II 200 5022.40 II 100 8412.430 I
3 2859.3 IV 150 3906.177 II 250 5086.52 II 3000 8508.870 I
50 2870.61 III 200 3920.081 II 400 h 5125.73 II 150 8764.110 I
100 2892.18 III 5 3934.29 IV 500 5208.32 II 6000 8776.748 I
30 2909.17 III 100 3994.840 II 200 5308.66 II 2000 8928.692 I
50 2952.56 III 100 h 3997.793 II 500 5333.41 II 500 9238.48 II


500 hl 9293.82 II 2600 18167.315 I 10000 1523.79 III 410 4619.88 II
200 h 9320.99 II 100 18399.786 I 4000 1808.66 IV 540 4655.50 II
Atomic
300 9361.95 II 150 18580.896 I 5000 1902.97 IV 360 4662.51 II

100 9362.082 I 300 18696.294 I 4000 c 2197.45 IV 230 4692.50 II
200 h 9402.82 II 170 18785.460 I 770 2256.76 II 230 4728.42 II
200 h 9470.93 II 200 18797.703 I 25000 w 2417.58 IV 500 4740.28 II
500 9577.52 II 140 20209.878 I 50000 2532.75 IV 390 4743.09 II
500 h 9605.80 II 300 20423.964 I 45000 2582.05 IV 320 4748.73 II
400 h 9619.61 II 140 20446.971 I 95000 w 2597.50 IV 320 4860.91 II
200 9663.34 II 600 21165.471 I 70000 w 2662.75 IV 850 4899.92 II
200 h 9711.60 II 1800 21902.513 I 420 2808.39 II 1000 4920.98 II
2000 9751.758 I 120 22485.775 I 50000 w 2848.30 IV 1000 4921.79 II
500 9803.14 II 180 23340.416 I 30000 c 2962.58 IV 370 4949.77 I
500 9856.314 I 120 24260.506 I 70000 w 3009.51 IV 340 4970.39 II
1000 10221.46 II 180 24292.221 I 90000 c 3056.68 IV 370 4986.83 II
100 11187.108 I 600 25233.820 I 1000 3171.63 III 720 4999.47 II
200 11257.711 I 180 28610.55 I 1500 3171.74 III 210 5050.57 I
150 11259.126 I 1000 28655.72 I 510 3245.13 II 470 5114.56 II
500 11457.481 I 150 28769.71 I 550 3265.67 II 470 5122.99 II
150 11792.425 I 140 28822.49 I 800 3303.11 II 450 5145.42 I
1500 11819.377 I 300 29236.69 I 1500 3337.49 II 290 5158.69 I
600 11997.105 I 300 30663.54 I 870 3344.56 II 580 5177.31 I
160 12077.224 I 300 30979.16 I 1500 3380.91 II 850 5183.42 II
100 12861.892 I 500 39300.6 I 320 3628.83 II 260 5188.22 II
1100 13177.412 I 1100 39486.52 I 1000 3645.42 II 720 5211.86 I
1000 13622.415 I 220 39557.25 I 550 3713.54 II 520 5234.27 I
2400 13634.220 I 100 39572.60 I 2400 3759.08 II 340 5253.46 I
800 13658.394 I 1400 39588.4 I 3700 3790.83 II 370 5271.19 I
200 13711.036 I 1100 39589.6 I 3900 3794.78 II 370 5301.98 II
600 13738.851 I 500 39954.8 I 600 3840.72 II 180 5303.55 II
150 13974.027 I 300 39966.6 I 1600 3849.02 II 500 5455.15 I
550 14045.657 I 1300 40306.1 I 3400 3871.64 II 470 5501.34 I
140 14104.298 I 250 40685.16 I 1700 3886.37 II 240 5648.25 I
180 14402.22 I 1300 3916.05 II 180 5740.66 I
Lanthanum La Z = 57
2000 14426.793 I 1100 3921.54 II 370 5769.34 I
100 344.12 IV
100 14517.84 I 2200 3929.22 II 320 5789.24 I
400 390.72 V
1600 14734.436 I 9000 3949.10 II 450 5791.34 I
1000 432.11 V
550 14762.672 I 4400 3988.52 II 140 5821.99 I
2500 435.28 V
450 14765.472 I 3600 3995.75 II 320 5930.62 I
10000 463.14 IV
400 14961.894 I 2800 4031.69 II 720 6249.93 I
5000 482.16 V
120 15005.307 I 3000 4042.91 II 260 d 6262.30 II
7000 498.08 V
140 15209.526 I 850 4067.39 II 450 6394.23 I
15000 499.54 IV
1700 15239.615 I 2800 4077.35 II 250 6455.99 I
10000 503.58 V
130 15326.480 I 5500 4086.72 II 180 6709.50 I
12000 526.76 V
1500 15334.958 I 4400 4123.23 II 110 7045.96 I
10000 531.07 V
700 15372.037 I 550 4141.74 II 160 7066.23 II
15000 533.23 V
200 15474.026 I 1100 4151.97 II 50 7161.25 I
8000 547.44 V
180 15681.02 I 1500 4196.55 II 110 w 7282.34 II
40000 552.02 IV
120 15820.09 I 1600 4238.38 II 110 w 7334.18 I
5000 600.24 V
200 16726.513 I 480 4269.50 II 75 cw 7483.50 II
30000 631.26 IV
2000 16785.128 I 600 4286.97 II 50 7498.83 I
400 796.99 III
1000 16853.488 I 600 4296.05 II 85 7539.23 I
2000 870.40 III
2400 16890.441 I 440 4322.51 II 40 7964.83 I
1000 882.34 III
1600 16896.753 I 4600 4333.74 II 75 8086.05 I
400 942.86 III
1800 16935.806 I 550 4354.40 II 85 8324.69 I
50000 1081.61 III
600 17098.771 I 2000 4429.90 II 95 8346.53 I
95000 1099.73 III
700 17367.606 I 850 4522.37 II 65 8545.44 I
2000 1255.63 III
120 17404.443 I 420 4526.12 II 300 8583.45 III
10000 1349.18 III
150 17616.854 I 400 4558.46 II 40 8674.43 I
25000 1368.04 IV
650 17842.737 I 400 4574.88 II 35 8825.82 I
20000 1463.47 IV
700 18002.229 I 410 4613.39 II 120 9184.38 III
15000 1507.87 IV


100 9212.63 III 15 1056.53 IV 20 2259.01 V 100 5006.572 I
140 10284.79 III 10 1060.66 II 150 2332.418 I 50 5089.484 I
Atomic
12 1072.09 IV 16 2359.53 IV 10 5107.242 I
Lead Pb Z = 82
18 1080.81 IV 180 2388.797 I 2000 5201.437 I
10 496.38 IV
20 1084.17 IV 550 r 2393.792 I 10 5372.099 II
12 499.94 IV
10 1088.86 V 140 2399.597 I 40 5692.346 I
14 529.78 IV
10 1103.94 II 320 r 2401.940 I 200 5895.624 I
20 570.16 IV
10 1108.43 II 320 r 2411.734 I 2000 6001.862 I
10 648.50 IV
10 1109.84 II 16 2417.61 IV 500 6011.667 I
20 703.73 V
20 1116.08 IV 15 2424.81 V 500 6059.356 I
12 749.46 V
10 1119.57 II 150 r 2443.829 I 40 6081.409 II
10 752.52 V
10 1121.36 II 160 r 2446.181 I 50 6110.520 I
10 761.09 IV
10 1133.14 II 130 r 2476.378 I 100 6235.266 I
18 767.45 V
18 1137.84 IV 80 r 2577.260 I 50 c 6660.20 II
18 769.49 V
14 1144.93 IV 500 r 2613.655 I 20000 7228.965 I
14 771.42 V
12 1157.88 V 900 r 2614.175 I 10 7346.676 I
14 782.79 V
14 1185.43 V 160 2628.262 I 20 7809.259 I
15 797.02 V
20 1189.95 IV 4 2634.256 II 5 7896.737 I
18 802.07 IV
10 1203.63 II 10 2657.094 I 10 8168.001 I
12 802.82 IV
10 1231.20 II 700 2663.154 I 6 8191.886 I
18 809.63 V
11 1233.50 V 10 2697.541 I 5 8217.711 I
10 812.59 IV
10 1291.10 IV 25000 r 2801.995 I 40 8272.690 I
10 827.41 IV
20 1313.05 IV 100 2822.58 I 20 8409.384 I
12 832.60 IV
10 1331.65 II 14000 r 2823.189 I 10 8478.492 I
12 845.94 IV
10 1335.20 II 35000 r 2833.053 I 5 8722.810 I
18 857.64 IV
12 1343.06 IV 6 2840.557 II 10 8857.457 I
16 862.33 IV
10 1348.37 II 14000 r 2873.311 I 8 9293.476 I
20 863.97 V
16 1388.94 IV 3 2914.442 II 15 9438.05 I
14 870.44 IV
18 1400.26 IV 15 2966.460 I 15 9604.297 I
6 873.71 II
10 1404.34 IV 15 2972.991 I 15 9674.351 I
12 879.96 IV
10 1433.96 II 15 2980.157 I 200 10290.458 I
18 883.90 V
10 1512.42 II 4 2986.876 II 100 10498.965 I
14 884.96 IV
14 1535.71 IV 10 3043.85 III 50 10649.249 I
14 884.99 IV
20 1553.1 III 150 3118.894 I 15 10886.688 I
14 888.37 V
10 1671.53 II 10 3137.81 III 40 10969.53 I
8 889.68 II
10 1682.15 II 10 3176.50 III 13512.6 I
16 890.72 IV
20 1726.75 II 600 3220.528 I 14743.0 I
14 894.40 V
10 1796.670 II 100 3229.613 I 15349.6 I
12 896.08 V
10 1822.050 II 400 3240.186 I 39039.4 I
12 908.51 IV
10 1904.77 I 200 3262.355 I
14 915.71 V Lithium Li Z = 3
7 1921.471 II 35000 3572.729 I
12 917.90 IV 102.9 III
12 1959.34 IV 50000 r 3639.568 I
12 918.09 V 103.4 III
16 1973.16 IV 20000 3671.491 I
12 920.28 V 104.1 III
10 1998.83 V 70000 r 3683.462 I
12 920.66 V 105.5 III
5r 2022.02 I 10 3713.982 II
10 922.12 IV 108.0 III
10 2042.58 IV 25000 3739.935 I
12 922.49 IV 113.9 III
12 2049.34 IV 12 3854.08 III
10 927.64 IV 125.5 II
8r 2053.28 I 15000 4019.632 I
14 932.20 IV 135.0 III
12 2079.22 IV 95000 4057.807 I
12 954.35 V 136.5 II
6 2111.758 I 14000 4062.136 I
10 967.23 II 140.5 II
10 2115.066 I 10 4157.814 I
10 986.71 II 167.21 II
15 2154.01 IV 10000 4168.033 I
10 995.89 II 168.74 II
500 r 2170.00 I 8 4272.66 III
10 1016.61 II 171.58 II
7 2175.580 I 200 4340.413 I
14 1028.61 IV 178.02 II
12 2177.46 IV 10 4496.15 IV
20 1032.05 IV 199.28 II
7 2187.888 I 6 4499.34 III
16 1041.24 IV 207.5 II
8 2189.603 I 16 4534.60 IV
18 1044.14 IV 456. II
10 2203.534 II 7 4571.21 III
12 1048.9 III 483. II
20 2237.425 I 10 4579.051 II
10 1049.82 II 540. II
20 2246.86 I 6 4761.12 III
10 1050.77 II 540.0 III
25 2246.89 I 1000 5005.416 I
10 1051.26 V 729. II


729.1 III 2313.49 I 5 3199.33 II 48 8126.23 I
800. II 2315.08 I 2 3199.43 II 48 8126.45 I
Atomic
820. II 2316.95 I 17 3232.66 I 8517.37 II

861. II 2319.18 I 3249.87 II 9581.42 II
905.5 II 2321.88 I 3306.28 II 10120. II
917.5 II 2325.11 I 3488. I 12232. I
936. II 2329.02 I 3579.8 I 12782. I
945. II 2329.84 II 3618. I 13566. I
965. II 2333.94 I 3662. I 17552. I
972. II 3 2336.88 II 3684.32 II 18697. I
988. II 5 2336.91 II 1 3714.00 II 19290. I
1018. II 2 2337.00 II 5 3714.16 II 24467. I
1032. II 2340.15 I 6d 3714.27 II 40475. I
1036. II 2348.22 I 8 3714.29 II
Lutetium Lu Z = 71
1093. II 2358.93 I 7d 3714.40 II
100 563.72 V
1103. II 2373.54 I 10 3714.41 II
500 810.73 III
1109. II 2381.54 II 1 3714.51 II
2000 832.28 III
1116. II 2383.20 II 3714.58 II
100 861.92 V
1132.1 II 1 2394.39 I 3 3718.7 I
400 876.80 IV
1141. II 2402.33 II 6 3794.72 I
100 880.32 V
1166.4 II 2410.84 II 20 3915.30 I
100 891.81 V
1198.09 II 3 2425.43 I 20 3915.35 I
100 914.72 V
1215. II 2429.81 II 10 3985.48 I
400 1001.18 III
1238. II 2460.2 I 10 3985.54 I
100 1272.42 IV
1253.8 II 10 2475.06 I 40 4132.56 I
800 1333.79 IV
1420.89 II 2506.94 II 40 4132.62 I
400 1429.38 IV
1424. II 2508.78 II 4196. I
200 1441.76 V
3 1492.93 II 2518. I 20 4273.07 I
200 1453.35 V
5 1492.97 II 2539.49 II 20 4273.13 I
200 1468.99 V
1 1493.04 II 24 2551.7 II 5 4325.42 II
400 1472.12 V
1555. II 2559. II 5 4325.47 II
200 1473.71 V
3 1653.08 II 15 2562.31 I 1 4325.54 II
200 1485.58 V
5 1653.13 II 2605.08 II 4516.45 II
400 1511.26 IV
1 1653.21 II 2 2657.29 II 13 4602.83 I
600 1772.57 IV
1681.66 II 3 2657.30 II 13 4602.89 I
100 c 1786.25 V
1755.33 II 2674.46 II 4607.34 II
1000 1854.57 III
2009. II 2728.24 II 4671.51 II
1500 2065.35 III
2039. I 5 2728.29 II 6 4671.65 II
1500 c 2070.56 III
2068. II 2 2728.32 II 2 4671.70 II
600 c 2086.47 IV
2131. II 3 2730.47 II 3 4678.06 II
1000 c 2104.41 IV
2164. II 1 2730.55 II 1 4678.29 II
1000 c 2108.31 IV
2173.4 I 5 2741.20 I 4760. I
1700 h 2195.54 II
2183. II 2766.99 II 4763. II
1000 2236.14 III
2214. II 2790.31 II 4788.36 II
2000 2236.22 III
2222. II 2801. I 4843.0 II
95 2276.94 II
2237. II 2846. I 4 4881.32 II
190 2297.41 II
h 2249.21 II 2868. I 4 4881.39 II
1300 2392.19 II
2286.82 II 2895. I 1 4881.49 II
120 2399.14 II
2302.57 II 2 2934.02 II 8 4971.66 I
80 2419.21 II
2303.33 II 2 2934.07 II 8 4971.75 I
130 2459.64 II
2304.59 I 5 2934.12 II 5037.92 II
370 2536.95 II
2304.92 I 1 2934.25 II 5271. I
930 2571.23 II
2305.36 I 2968. I 5315. I
1700 2578.79 II
2305.83 I 3 3029.12 II 5395. I
4500 c 2603.35 III
2306.29 I 3 3029.14 II 5440. I
1800 2613.40 II
2306.82 I 3144. I 600 c 5483.55 II
18000 2615.42 II
2307.44 I 3 3155.31 II 600 c 5485.65 II
1800 2619.26 II
2308.97 I 4 3155.33 II 320 6103.54 I
2700 2657.80 II
2309.88 I 1 3196.26 II 320 6103.65 I
570 h 2685.08 I
2310.94 I 9 3196.33 II 3600 6707.76 I
4200 2701.71 II
2312.11 I 4 3196.36 II 3600 6707.91 I
180 d 2719.09 I


480 h 2728.95 I 250 4281.03 I 3000 323.31 IV 1 2613.36 I
3600 2754.17 II 330 d 4295.97 I 30 353.09 V 2 2614.73 I
Atomic
750 h 2765.74 I 150 4309.57 I 150 857.29 IV 3 2617.51 I
2000 2772.55 III 190 c 4430.48 I 50 919.03 IV 3 2628.66 I
2700 2796.63 II 190 4450.81 I 250 1037.41 IV 6 2630.05 I
270 c 2834.35 II 3300 4518.57 I 300 1210.99 IV 8 2632.87 I
330 h 2845.13 I 100 h 4648.21 I 300 1342.19 IV 2 2644.80 I
3000 2847.51 II 1000 4658.02 I 800 1346.57 IV 3 2646.21 I
570 h 2885.14 I 85 h 4659.03 I 300 1346.68 IV 4 2649.06 I
6300 2894.84 II 150 4785.42 II 600 1352.05 IV 8 2660.76 II
4500 2900.30 II 85 4815.05 I 900 1384.46 IV 8 2660.82 II
300 2903.05 I 460 4904.88 I 500 1385.77 IV 6 2668.12 I
9000 2911.39 II 180 4942.34 I 800 1387.53 IV 8 2669.55 I
270 h 2949.73 I 800 4994.13 II 300 1404.68 IV 10 2672.46 I
1200 2951.69 II 800 5001.14 I 1000 1409.36 IV 3 2693.72 I
4200 2963.32 II 140 5134.05 I 500 1437.53 IV 5 2695.18 I
2400 2969.82 II 2700 5135.09 I 1000 1437.64 IV 6 2698.14 I
1800 2989.27 I 170 5196.61 I 300 1447.42 IV 8 2731.99 I
3000 3020.54 II 500 5402.57 I 300 1459.54 IV 10 2733.49 I
2100 3056.72 II 140 c 5421.90 I 400 1459.62 IV 12 2736.53 I
1000 3057.86 III 100 5437.88 I 400 1481.51 IV 5 2765.22 I
7500 3077.60 II 2100 5476.69 II 350 1490.45 IV 7 2768.34 I
390 3080.11 I 550 5736.55 I 300 1495.50 IV 38 2776.69 I
5100 h 3081.47 I 80 5800.59 I 300 1607.11 IV 32 2778.27 I
3000 3118.43 I 690 cw 5983.9 II 5 1668.43 I 90 2779.83 I
2400 3171.36 I 140 5997.13 I 500 1683.02 IV 8 2781.29 I
260 3191.80 II 1400 6004.52 I 10 1683.41 I 32 2781.42 I
1400 3198.12 II 440 6055.03 I 400 1698.81 IV 36 2782.97 I
4800 3254.31 II 150 6159.94 II 15 1707.06 I 1000 2795.53 II
3800 3278.97 I 600 6198.13 III 40 1734.84 II 600 2802.70 II
7600 3281.74 I 160 6199.66 II 50 1737.62 II 3 2809.76 I
6200 3312.11 I 2100 6221.87 II 20 1747.80 I 2 2811.11 I
7600 3359.56 I 80 6235.36 II 40 1750.65 II 1 2811.78 I
6200 3376.50 I 160 6242.34 II 50 1753.46 II 12 2846.72 I
950 3385.50 I 70 h 6345.35 I 30 1827.93 I 12 2846.75 I
160 h 3391.55 I 1100 6463.12 II 300 1844.17 IV 14 2848.34 I
1400 3396.82 I 29 6477.67 I 9 2025.82 I 14 2848.42 I
4100 3397.07 II 55 c 6523.18 I 25 2064.90 III 16 2851.65 I
4800 3472.48 II 35 cw 6611.28 II 20 2091.96 III 16 2851.66 I
8300 c 3507.39 II 23 c 6677.14 I 20 2177.70 III 6000 2852.13 I
1600 3508.42 I 30 c 6793.77 I 3 2329.58 II 2 2902.92 I
4800 3554.43 II 45 6917.31 I 20 2395.15 III 4 2906.36 I
4800 3567.84 I 23 7031.24 I 6 2449.57 II 3 2915.45 I
340 3596.34 I 45 7125.84 II 1 2557.23 I 10 2936.74 I
800 3623.99 II 14 ch 7237.98 I 1 2560.94 I 12 2938.47 I
680 3636.25 I 11 c 7441.52 I 1 2562.26 I 2 2942.00 I
2600 3647.77 I 9c 8178.16 I 1 2564.94 I 13 2942.00 I
110 3756.70 I 17 8382.08 I 1 2570.91 I 20 3091.08 I
110 3756.79 I 35 8459.19 II 1 2572.25 I 22 3092.99 I
150 3800.67 I 10 d 8478.50 I 2 2574.94 I 14 3096.90 I
2700 3841.18 I 29 c 8508.08 I 1 2577.89 I 9 3104.71 II
530 3876.65 II 35 c 8610.98 I 1 2580.59 I 8 3104.81 II
50 3918.86 I 1 2584.22 I 6 3168.98 II
Magnesium Mg Z = 12
480 3968.46 I 2 2585.56 I 6 3172.71 II
400 146.95 IV
670 4054.45 I 3 2588.28 I 7 3175.78 II
20 186.51 III
310 4122.49 I 1 2591.89 I 2 3197.62 I
20 187.20 III
3100 4124.73 I 1 2593.23 I 17 3329.93 I
10 188.53 III
150 c 4131.79 I 2 2595.97 I 6 3332.15 I
100 231.73 III
460 4154.08 I 2 2602.50 I 9 3336.68 I
80 234.26 III
1600 4184.25 II 4 2603.85 I 7 3535.04 II
35 276.58 V
150 4277.50 I 5 2606.62 I 8 3538.86 II
4000 320.99 IV


7 3549.52 II 12 8712.69 I 90 1264.41 IV 500 2066.38 III
8 3553.37 II 13 8717.83 I 500 1283.58 III 1000 2069.02 III
Atomic
140 3829.30 I 10 8734.99 II 400 1287.59 III 30 2076.21 II

300 3832.30 I 17 8736.02 I 300 1291.62 III 900 2077.38 III
500 3838.29 I 11 8745.66 II 1000 1360.72 III 800 2084.23 III
8 3848.24 II 14 8806.76 I 800 1365.20 III 600 2090.05 III
7 3850.40 II 10 8824.32 II 500 h 1609.17 III 1500 2092.16 I
3 3878.31 I 11 8835.08 II 1000 1614.14 III 500 2094.78 III
3 3895.57 I 20 8923.57 I 2000 1620.60 III 20 2097.46 II
4 3903.86 I 10 8997.16 I 500 1633.80 III 500 2097.93 III
6 3938.40 I 14 9218.25 II 80 1667.00 IV 500 2099.97 III
8 3986.75 I 13 9244.27 II 80 1698.30 IV 20 2102.50 II
10 4057.50 I 12 9246.50 I 20 1726.47 II 1700 2109.58 I
15 4167.27 I 30 9255.78 I 30 1732.70 II 30 2113.96 II
20 4351.91 I 10 9327.54 II 50 1733.55 II 1000 2169.78 III
9 4384.64 II 10 9340.54 II 40 1734.49 II 700 2174.15 III
10 4390.59 II 25 9414.96 I 30 1737.93 II 900 2176.87 III
8 4428.00 II 17 9429.81 I 20 1740.16 II 800 2181.86 III
9 4433.99 II 19 9432.76 I 20 1742.00 II 800 2184.87 III
14 4481.16 II 20 9438.78 I 85 1742.10 IV 290 2208.81 I
13 4481.33 II 12 9631.89 II 85 1766.27 IV 540 2213.85 I
28 4571.10 I 11 9632.43 II 80 1795.65 IV 900 2220.55 III
10 4730.03 I 15 9953.20 I 80 1795.79 IV 770 2221.84 I
7 4851.10 II 15 9983.20 I 30 1853.27 II 1000 2227.42 III
75 5167.33 I 17 9986.47 I 20 1857.92 II 20 2373.36 II
220 5172.68 I 18 9993.21 I 50 1902.95 II 20 2427.38 II
400 5183.61 I 14 10092.16 II 20 1907.84 II 50 2427.72 II
8 5264.21 II 35 10811.08 I 75 1910.25 IV 30 2427.94 II
7 5264.37 II 11 10914.23 II 30 1911.41 II 30 2437.37 II
9 5401.54 II 10 10951.78 II 20 d 1914.68 II 20 2437.84 II
6 5528.41 I 25 10953.32 I 100 1915.10 II 30 2452.49 II
30 5711.09 I 27 10957.30 I 20 1918.64 II 50 2499.00 II
10 6318.72 I 28 10965.45 I 30 1919.64 II 30 2507.60 II
9 6319.24 I 15 11032.10 I 80 1921.25 II 20 2516.60 II
7 6319.49 I 14 11033.66 I 20 1923.07 II 30 2516.74 II
10 6346.74 II 45 11828.18 I 20 1923.34 II 20 2521.66 II
9 6346.96 II 30 12083.66 I 30 1925.52 II 20 2530.72 II
11 6545.97 II 28 14877.62 I 50 1926.59 II 20 2531.80 II
7 6781.45 II 35 15024.99 I 30 1931.40 II 50 2532.78 II
8 6787.85 II 30 15040.24 I 500 1941.28 III 50 2533.33 II
7 6812.86 II 25 15047.70 I 800 1943.21 III 30 2534.10 II
8 6819.27 II 10 15765.84 I 20 1945.15 II 80 2534.22 II
10 7193.17 I 30 17108.66 I 20 1947.93 II 100 2535.66 II
10 7291.06 I 5 26392.90 I 20 1950.14 II 30 2535.98 II
12 7387.69 I 500 1952.36 III 100 2537.92 II
Manganese Mn Z = 25
20 7657.60 I 1000 1952.52 III 50 2541.11 II
600 410.30 V
19 7659.15 I 30 1953.23 II 80 2542.92 II
600 410.60 V
17 7659.90 I 20 d 1954.81 II 50 2543.45 II
600 415.62 V
15 7691.55 I 30 1959.25 II 100 2548.75 II
650 415.98 V
12 7877.05 II 20 1969.24 II 50 2551.85 II
600 428.59 V
13 7896.37 II 500 1978.95 III 30 2553.27 II
600 435.67 V
10 8098.72 I 30 1994.23 II 75 2556.57 II
1000 441.72 V
9 8115.22 II 9700 1996.06 I 30 2556.89 II
850 442.49 V
8 8120.43 II 14000 1999.51 I 95 2558.59 II
60 579.79 IV
10 8209.84 I 18000 2003.85 I 30 2559.41 II
60 581.44 IV
20 8213.03 I 1000 w 2027.83 III 150 2563.65 II
60 581.65 IV
10 8213.99 II 500 w 2028.14 III 30 2565.22 II
60 585.21 IV
11 8234.64 II 50 2037.31 II 580 2572.76 I
90 1242.25 IV
10 8310.26 I 40 2037.64 II 480 2575.51 I
90 1244.50 IV
15 8346.12 I 40 2039.97 II 12000 2576.10 II
95 1251.93 IV
10 8710.18 I 500 2049.68 III 550 2584.31 I
95 1257.28 IV


30 2588.97 II 70 2886.68 II 290 3619.28 I 800 4451.59 I
45 2589.71 II 160 2889.58 II 220 3623.79 I 160 4453.00 I
Atomic
250 2592.94 I 55 2892.39 II 140 3629.74 I 130 4455.01 I
6200 2593.73 II 50 2898.70 II 100 3660.40 I 160 4455.32 I
250 2595.76 I 80 2900.16 II 280 3693.67 I 110 4455.82 I
95 2598.90 II 140 h 2914.60 I 180 3696.57 I 210 4457.55 I
30 2602.72 II 190 h 2925.57 I 210 3706.08 I 270 4458.26 I
45 2603.72 II 1100 2933.06 II 130 3718.93 I 150 4461.08 I
4300 2605.69 II 1500 2939.30 II 130 3731.93 I 510 4462.02 I
190 2610.20 II 250 h 2940.39 I 260 3790.22 I 290 4464.68 I
500 2618.14 II 1900 2949.20 II 110 3800.55 I 200 4470.14 I
140 2622.90 I 30 3019.92 II 3200 3806.72 I 130 4472.79 I
150 2624.04 I 55 3031.06 II 700 3809.59 I 170 4490.08 I
40 2624.80 II 30 3035.35 II 2100 3823.51 I 240 4498.90 I
200 2625.58 II 330 3044.57 I 390 3823.89 I 240 4502.22 I
190 2632.35 II 120 3045.59 I 200 3829.68 I 160 4709.72 I
130 2638.17 II 200 3047.04 I 480 3833.86 I 180 4727.48 I
80 2639.84 II 30 3050.65 II 1300 3834.36 I 130 4739.11 I
27 2650.99 II 250 3054.36 I 350 3839.78 I 1000 4754.04 I
60 2655.91 II 140 3062.12 I 670 3841.08 I 180 4761.53 I
30 2666.77 II 170 3066.02 I 350 3843.98 I 750 4762.38 I
30 2667.03 II 170 3070.27 I 120 3926.47 I 300 4765.86 I
110 2672.59 II 160 3073.13 I 130 3982.58 I 500 4766.43 I
55 2673.37 II 140 h 3178.50 I 150 3985.24 I 940 4783.42 I
55 2674.43 II 220 3212.88 I 190 3986.83 I 1000 4823.52 I
45 2680.34 II 1000 3228.09 I 150 3987.10 I 19 5004.91 I
30 2680.68 II 300 3230.72 I 1500 4018.10 I 30 5074.79 I
30 2681.25 II 850 3236.78 I 150 4026.44 I 200 5079.20 III
55 2684.55 II 330 3243.78 I 27000 4030.76 I 150 5100.03 III
55 2685.94 II 650 3248.52 I 19000 4033.07 I 60 5117.94 I
110 2688.25 II 100 3251.14 I 11000 4034.49 I 50 5150.89 I
27 2693.19 II 310 3252.95 I 1500 4035.73 I 50 5196.59 I
55 2695.36 II 310 3256.14 I 5600 4041.36 I 85 5255.32 I
27 2698.97 II 220 3258.41 I 210 d 4045.13 I 160 5341.06 I
85 2701.00 II 180 3260.23 I 1100 4048.76 I 19 5349.88 I
50 2701.17 II 180 3264.71 I 150 4055.21 I 95 5377.63 I
160 2701.70 II 200 3330.78 II 1900 4055.54 I 95 5394.67 I
100 2703.98 II 720 3441.99 II 210 4057.95 I 50 5399.49 I
130 2705.74 II 50 3460.03 II 1100 4058.93 I 95 5407.42 I
80 2707.53 II 360 3460.33 II 150 4059.39 I 35 5413.69 I
110 2708.45 II 360 h 3474.04 II 730 4061.74 I 85 5420.36 I
45 2709.96 II 3474.13 II 730 4063.53 I 35 5432.55 I
80 2710.33 II 290 3482.91 II 290 4070.28 I 150 5454.07 III
110 2711.58 II 180 3488.68 II 730 4079.24 I 12 5457.47 I
30 2716.80 II 140 3495.84 II 730 4079.42 I 60 5470.64 I
30 2717.53 II 50 3496.81 II 1100 4082.94 I 200 5474.68 III
30 2719.01 II 100 3497.54 II 1100 4083.63 I 40 5481.40 I
50 2719.74 II 360 3531.85 I 200 4110.90 I 30 5505.87 I
30 2722.10 II 1100 3532.12 I 150 4131.12 I 50 5516.77 I
30 2724.46 II 1300 3547.80 I 120 4135.04 I 40 5537.76 I
55 2728.61 II 1100 3548.03 I 150 4176.60 I 21 5551.98 I
6200 2794.82 I 390 3548.20 I 120 4189.99 I 200 5946.65 III
5100 2798.27 I 2200 3569.49 I 370 4235.14 I 140 6013.50 I
220 2799.84 I 720 3569.80 I 510 4235.29 I 200 6016.64 I
3700 2801.06 I 1400 3577.88 I 190 4239.72 I 290 6021.80 I
110 2809.11 I 720 3586.54 I 290 4257.66 I 200 6231.21 III
60 2815.02 II 290 3595.12 I 290 4265.92 I 17 6440.97 I
30 2816.33 II 150 3601.72 III 270 4281.10 I 24 6491.71 I
60 2870.08 II 420 3607.54 I 50 4323.63 II 14 h 6942.52 I
30 2872.94 II 420 3608.49 I 350 4414.88 I 12 6989.96 I
80 2879.49 II 360 3610.30 I 210 4436.35 I 14 7069.84 I


12 7184.25 I 30 3801.660 I 40 1783.70 II 50 2698.83 I
24 h 7283.82 I 20 3901.867 I 30 1796.22 II 50 2699.38 I
Atomic
35 h 7302.89 I 60 3906.372 I 200 1796.90 II 80 2705.36 II

50 7326.51 I 200 3983.839 II 60 1798.74 II 70 2724.43 III
12 7680.20 I 1800 4046.572 I 30 1803.89 II 80 2752.78 I
12 h 8672.06 I 150 4077.838 I 40 1808.29 II 20 2759.71 I
12 h 8701.05 I 40 4108.057 I 400 1820.34 II 6 2769.22 III
17 h 8703.76 I 250 4339.224 I 5 1832.74 I 40 2803.46 I
30 h 8740.93 I 400 4347.496 I 1000 1849.50 I 30 2804.43 I
4000 4358.337 I 160 1869.23 II 2 2805.34 I
Mercury 198 Hg Z = 80
80 4916.068 I 300 1870.55 II 2 2806.77 I
80 1250.564 I
1100 5460.753 I 200 1875.54 II 150 2814.93 II
8 1259.242 I
160 5675.922 I 1 1894.77 III 3 2844.76 III
100 1268.825 I
240 5769.598 I 20 1900.28 II 750 2847.68 II
5 1307.751 I
280 5790.663 I 30 1927.60 II 50 2856.94 I
20 1402.619 I
20 6072.713 I 300 1942.27 II 150 2893.60 I
10 1435.503 I
30 6234.402 I 100 1972.94 II 150 2916.27 II
1000 1849.492 I
160 6716.429 I 200 1973.89 II 60 2925.41 I
60 2262.210 II
250 6907.461 I 150 1987.98 II 150 2935.94 II
20 2302.065 I
240 11287.407 I 90 2026.97 II 400 2947.08 II
20 2345.440 I
90 2052.93 II 1200 2967.28 I
100 2378.325 I Mercury Hg Z = 80
70 2148.00 II 300 3021.50 I
20 2380.004 I 3 621.44 III
5 2247.55 I 120 3023.47 I
40 2399.349 I 2 679.68 III
60 2262.23 II 30 3025.61 I
20 2399.729 I 2 878.59 III
20 2302.06 I 50 3027.49 I
20 2446.900 I 1 886.48 III
7 2314.15 III 15 3090.05 III
15 2464.064 I 400 893.08 II
15 2323.20 I 400 3125.67 I
40 2481.999 I 300 915.83 II
5 2340.57 I 320 3131.55 I
30 2482.713 I 150 923.39 II
20 2345.43 I 320 3131.84 I
40 2483.821 I 200 940.80 II
20 2352.48 I 400 3208.20 II
90 2534.769 I 100 962.74 II
100 2378.32 I 400 3264.06 II
15000 2536.506 I 50 969.13 II
20 2380.00 I 5 3283.02 III
25 2563.861 I 1 988.89 III
4 2380.55 III 12 3312.28 III
25 2576.290 I 2 1009.29 III
40 2399.38 I 80 3341.48 I
250 2652.043 I 5 1068.03 III
20 2399.73 I 100 3385.25 II
400 2653.683 I 800 1099.26 II
10 2400.49 I 8 3389.01 III
100 2655.130 I 2 1161.95 III
60 2407.35 II 5 3450.77 III
50 2698.831 I 80 1250.58 I
50 2414.13 II 400 3451.69 II
80 2752.783 I 8 1259.24 I
8 2431.65 III 3 3500.35 III
20 2759.710 I 100 1268.82 I
5 2441.06 I 4 3538.88 III
40 2803.471 I 5 1307.75 I
20 2446.90 I 200 3549.42 II
30 2804.438 I 300 1307.93 II
15 2464.06 I 5 3557.24 III
750 2847.675 II 400 1321.71 II
5 2480.56 III 2800 3650.15 I
50 2856.939 I 400 1331.74 II
40 2482.00 I 300 3654.84 I
150 2893.598 I 80 1350.07 II
30 2482.72 I 80 3662.88 I
150 2916.227 II 200 1361.27 II
40 2483.82 I 240 3663.28 I
60 2925.413 I 20 1402.62 I
7 2484.50 III 30 3701.44 I
1200 2967.283 I 200 1414.43 II
90 2534.77 I 35 3704.17 I
300 3021.500 I 10 1435.51 I
15000 2536.52 I 30 3801.66 I
120 3023.476 I 15 1619.46 II
25 2563.86 I 15 3803.51 III
30 3025.608 I 120 1623.95 II
25 2576.29 I 100 3806.38 II
50 3027.490 I 20 1628.25 II
5 2578.91 I 20 3901.87 I
400 3125.670 I 150 1649.94 II
2 2612.92 III 60 3906.37 I
320 3131.551 I 50 1653.64 II
4 2617.97 III 100 3918.92 II
320 3131.842 I 200 1672.41 II
15 2625.19 I 200 3983.96 II
80 3341.481 I 9 1681.40 III
5 2639.78 I 1800 4046.56 I
2800 3650.157 I 100 1702.73 II
250 2652.04 I 150 4077.83 I
300 3654.839 I 100 1707.40 II
400 2653.69 I 40 4108.05 I
80 3662.883 I 120 1727.18 II
100 2655.13 I 70 4122.07 III
240 3663.281 I 250 1732.14 II
3 2670.49 III 10 4140.34 III
30 3701.432 I 15 1759.75 III
5 2674.91 I 100 4216.74 III
35 3704.170 I 20 1775.68 I


250 4339.22 I 120 13209.95 I 150 2269.71 III 80 2834.39 II
400 4347.49 I 140 13426.57 I 200 2294.97 III 80 2835.33 II
Atomic
4000 4358.33 I 60 13468.38 I 160 2304.25 II 160 2842.15 II
100 4398.62 II 80 13505.58 I 160 2306.97 II 1700 2848.23 II
15 4470.58 III 500 13570.21 I 150 2330.93 III 370 2853.23 II
12 4552.84 III 450 13673.51 I 110 2332.12 II 370 2863.81 II
90 4660.28 II 200 13950.55 I 190 2341.59 II 220 2866.69 II
50 4797.01 III 500 15295.82 I 100 2359.76 III 1700 2871.51 II
80 4855.72 II 100 16881.48 I 110 2389.20 II 85 2872.88 II
10 4869.85 III 400 16920.16 I 140 2403.61 II 220 2879.05 II
5 4883.00 I 300 16942.00 I 120 2413.01 II 65 2888.15 II
5 4889.91 I 500 17072.79 I 85 2498.28 II 1300 2890.99 II
80 4916.07 I 400 17109.93 I 200 2506.19 III 95 2891.28 II
5 4970.37 I 20 17116.75 I 440 2538.46 II 190 2892.81 II
80 4973.57 III 20 17198.67 I 330 2542.67 II 950 2894.45 II
5 4980.64 I 20 17213.20 I 80 2558.88 II 140 2897.63 II
20 5102.70 I 70 17329.41 I 85 2564.34 II 70 2900.80 II
40 5120.64 I 30 17436.18 I 250 2593.70 II 290 2903.07 II
100 5128.45 II 50 18130.38 I 250 2602.80 II 80 2907.12 II
20 5137.94 I 40 19700.17 I 400 2616.78 I 600 2909.12 II
30 5210.82 III 22493.28 I 440 2629.85 I 1100 2911.92 II
20 5290.74 I 250 23253.07 I 330 2636.67 II 120 2918.83 II
5 5316.78 I 32148.06 I 720 2638.76 II 1300 2923.39 II
60 5354.05 I 36303.03 I 410 2640.99 I 140 2924.32 II
30 5384.63 I 600 2644.35 II 1100 2930.50 II
Molybdenum Mo Z = 42
1100 5460.74 I 370 2646.49 II 800 2934.30 II
50 867.92 IV
30 5549.63 I 640 2649.46 I 95 2940.10 II
100 884.19 IV
160 5675.86 I 480 2653.35 II 110 2941.22 II
60 886.05 IV
6 5695.71 III 560 h 2655.03 I 150 2944.82 II
50 891.74 IV
240 5769.60 I 640 2660.58 II 140 2946.69 II
100 1169.33 III
100 5789.66 I 720 2672.84 II 95 2947.28 II
100 1254.93 III
280 5790.66 I 250 2673.27 II 125 2947.32 III
100 1258.52 III
140 5803.78 I 1000 2679.85 I 95 2955.84 II
100 1262.21 III
60 5859.25 I 95 2681.36 II 240 2956.06 II
100 1263.74 III
60 5871.73 II 640 2683.23 II 70 2956.90 II
100 1274.37 III
20 5871.98 I 880 2684.14 II 95 2960.24 II
100 1276.40 III
20 6072.72 I 560 2687.99 II 250 2963.79 II
200 1277.40 III
1000 6149.50 II 480 2701.42 II 210 2965.27 II
200 1277.58 III
25 6220.35 III 190 2713.51 II 70 2971.91 II
200 1278.40 III
30 6234.40 I 290 2717.35 II 250 2972.61 II
150 1281.90 III
35 6418.98 III 85 2726.97 II 80 2975.40 II
150 1283.60 III
40 6501.38 III 140 2729.68 II 95 2992.84 II
100 1854.73 III
80 6521.13 II 80 2730.20 II 95 3027.77 II
80 1926.26 IV
10 6584.26 III 330 2732.88 II 100 3060.78 II
100 1929.24 IV
6 6610.12 III 160 2736.96 II 800 3064.28 I
80 1971.06 IV
30 6709.29 III 80 h 2737.88 II 250 3065.04 II
70 2010.92 IV
160 6716.43 I 290 2746.30 II 800 3074.37 I
19000 2015.11 II
250 6907.52 I 110 2756.07 II 85 3077.66 II
40000 2020.30 II
250 7081.90 I 220 2763.62 II 800 3085.62 I
21000 2038.44 II
200 7091.86 I 240 2769.76 II 270 3087.62 II
17000 2045.98 II
40 7346.37 II 160 2773.78 II 190 3092.07 II
50 2060.38 IV
100 7485.87 II 190 2774.39 II 560 3094.66 I
4800 2081.68 II
12 7517.46 III 1700 2775.40 II 560 3101.34 I
2400 2089.52 II
20 7728.82 I 65 2777.86 II 1400 3112.12 I
2200 2092.50 II
7 7808.10 III 880 2780.04 II 290 3122.00 II
4000 2093.11 II
100 7944.66 II 400 2784.99 II 14000 3132.59 I
2700 2100.84 II
25 7946.75 III 100 2807.74 III 110 3138.72 II
1500 2104.29 II
50 7984.51 III 400 2807.76 II 220 3152.82 II
1400 2108.02 II
5 8151.64 III 1700 2816.15 II 55 3155.64 II
100 2184.37 III
2000 10139.75 I 220 2817.44 II 6000 3158.16 I
100 2211.02 III
240 11287.40 I 80 2827.74 II 8700 3170.35 I
400 2269.69 II


95 3172.03 II 580 3886.82 I 65 5279.65 I 95 3007.97 II
160 3172.74 II 19000 3902.96 I 210 5280.86 I 95 3014.19 II
Atomic
120 d 3187.59 II 65 3941.48 II 55 5292.08 I 95 3018.35 II

7600 3193.97 I 1400 4062.08 I 55 5295.47 I 140 3056.71 II
880 3205.88 I 2300 4069.88 I 55 5313.89 I 130 3069.73 II
3000 3208.83 I 1300 4081.44 I 80 5354.88 I 160 3075.38 II
560 3215.07 I 940 4084.38 I 65 5356.48 I 240 3092.92 II
880 3228.22 I 730 4107.47 I 560 hl 5360.56 I 260 3115.18 II
600 3229.79 I 630 4120.10 I 110 hl 5364.28 I 290 3133.60 II
1100 3233.14 I 2900 4143.55 I 65 5394.52 I 220 3134.90 II
950 3237.08 I 480 4185.82 I 50 5400.47 I 170 3141.46 II
65 3240.71 II 2500 4188.32 I 55 5435.68 I 170 3142.44 II
950 3256.21 I 1500 4232.59 I 65 5437.75 I 150 3203.47 II
480 3264.40 I 890 4276.91 I 50 5501.54 I 220 3259.24 II
800 3270.90 I 1200 4277.24 I 7800 5506.49 I 220 3265.12 II
200 3271.69 III 1400 4288.64 I 5200 5533.05 I 320 3275.22 II
1100 3289.02 I 680 4292.13 I 50 5543.12 I 290 3285.10 II
950 3290.82 I 890 4293.21 I 55 5556.28 I 410 3328.28 II
190 3292.31 II 840 4326.14 I 2500 5570.45 I 320 3353.59 II
100 3313.62 II 1900 4381.64 I 100 5610.93 I 410 3560.75 II
190 3320.90 II 2500 4411.57 I 330 5632.47 I 470 3587.51 II
640 3323.95 I 990 4434.95 I 50 5634.86 I 370 3615.82 II
1300 3344.75 I 480 4457.36 I 230 5650.13 I 410 3653.15 II
95 3346.40 II 630 4474.56 I 55 5674.47 I 470 3662.26 II
1600 3358.12 I 400 4536.80 I 460 5689.14 I 540 3665.18 II
950 3363.78 I 460 4626.47 I 80 5705.72 I 540 3672.36 II
950 3379.97 I 640 4707.26 I 210 5722.74 I 580 3673.54 II
1900 3384.62 I 700 4731.44 I 620 5751.40 I 1200 3685.80 II
130 3395.36 II 770 4760.19 I 520 5791.85 I 440 3687.30 II
640 3404.34 I 410 4819.25 I 55 h 5849.73 I 410 3689.69 II
1300 3405.94 I 410 4830.51 I 50 h 5851.52 I 410 3697.56 II
640 3437.22 I 180 5014.60 I 520 5858.27 I 470 3713.70 II
130 3446.08 II 80 5029.00 I 50 5869.33 I 640 d 3714.73 II
3200 3447.12 I 65 5030.78 I 820 5888.33 I 470 3715.68 II
640 3449.07 I 100 5047.71 I 50 h 5893.38 I 410 3718.54 II
950 3456.39 I 50 5055.00 I 160 h 5928.88 I 410 3721.35 II
640 3460.78 I 200 5059.88 I 35 6025.49 I 780 3723.50 II
800 3504.41 I 100 5080.02 I 1300 6030.66 I 410 3724.87 II
560 3508.12 I 100 5096.65 I 40 6101.87 I 710 3728.13 II
480 3521.41 I 130 5097.52 I 40 6357.22 I 470 3730.58 II
640 3537.28 I 130 5109.71 I 35 6401.07 I 1000 d 3735.54 II
520 3558.10 I 80 5114.97 I 100 6424.37 I 440 3737.10 II
400 3563.14 I 150 5145.38 I 230 6619.13 I 1000 3738.06 II
1400 3581.89 I 110 5147.39 I 50 6650.38 I 580 3752.49 II
1400 3624.46 I 80 5163.19 I 110 6733.98 I 510 3757.82 II
1000 3635.43 I 100 5167.76 I 50 6746.27 I 930 3758.95 II
400 3657.35 I 160 d 5171.08 I 35 6753.97 I 930 3763.47 II
540 3664.81 I 230 h 5172.94 I 40 6838.88 I 510 3769.65 II
590 3672.82 I 160 h 5174.18 I 35 6914.01 I 1400 3775.50 II
1300 3680.60 I 110 5200.17 I 110 7109.87 I 710 3779.47 II
65 3688.31 II 50 5200.74 I 150 7242.50 I 580 3780.40 II
180 3692.64 II 50 5211.86 I 40 7245.85 I 510 3781.32 II
1400 3694.94 I 80 5219.40 I 40 7391.36 I 2400 3784.25 II
500 3727.69 I 65 5231.06 I 140 7485.74 I 370 3801.12 II
80 3744.37 II 100 5234.26 I 27 7720.77 I 1200 3803.47 II
29000 3798.25 I 460 h 5238.20 I 40 h 8328.44 I 2500 3805.36 II
520 3826.70 I 230 h 5240.88 I 45 h 8389.32 I 470 3807.23 II
940 3828.87 I 110 h 5242.81 I 45 h 8483.39 I 540 3808.77 II
1700 3833.75 I 100 5245.51 I 440 3809.06 II
Neodymium Nd Z = 60
29000 3864.11 I 150 5259.04 I 580 3810.49 II
75 2764.98 I
580 3869.08 I 65 5261.14 I 710 3814.73 II
80 2993.20 II


410 3822.47 II 1000 4021.78 II 240 4719.02 I 20 7192.01 II
1200 3826.42 II 1200 4023.00 II 240 4811.34 II 15 7236.54 II
Atomic
540 3828.85 II 410 4030.47 II 350 4825.48 II 12 7316.81 II
440 3829.16 II 1200 4031.82 II 280 4859.02 II 10 7406.62 II
510 3830.47 II 3000 4040.80 II 350 4883.81 I 10 7418.18 II
740 3836.54 II 410 4043.59 II 220 4890.70 II 12 7511.16 II
1700 3838.98 II 410 4048.81 II 240 4891.07 I 17 7513.73 II
410 d 3841.82 II 850 4051.15 II 280 4896.93 I 12 7528.99 II
1700 d 3848.24 II 850 4059.96 II 210 4901.84 I 10 7538.26 II
1500 3848.52 II 4700 4061.09 II 330 4920.68 II 12 7696.56 II
470 3850.22 II 1100 4069.28 II 470 4924.53 I 10 7750.95 II
2400 d 3851.66 II 710 4075.12 II 260 4944.83 I 10 7808.47 II
3700 d 3863.33 II 470 4075.28 II 290 4954.78 I 12 7863.04 II
850 3869.07 II 470 4080.23 II 290 4959.13 II 12 7917.01 II
470 3875.87 II 1400 4109.08 II 250 4989.94 II 12 7958.95 I
1100 3878.58 II 2500 4109.46 II 360 5076.59 II 12 7965.73 II
1000 3879.55 II 510 4110.48 II 360 5092.80 II 15 7982.09 II
780 3880.38 II 410 4123.88 II 360 5107.59 II 12 7982.68 II
1200 3880.78 II 470 4133.36 II 340 5123.79 II 12 8000.76 II
540 3887.87 II 510 4135.33 II 680 5130.60 II 10 8120.93 II
1300 3889.93 II 3000 4156.08 II 500 5191.45 II 12 8122.07 II
1300 3890.58 II 510 4156.26 II 630 5192.62 II 12 8141.75 II
1300 3890.94 II 410 4168.00 II 330 5200.12 II 12 8143.27 II
580 3891.51 II 810 4175.61 II 310 5212.37 II 10 8231.52 II
470 3892.06 II 2400 4177.32 II 450 5234.20 II 10 8307.72 II
810 3894.63 II 640 4179.59 II 250 5239.79 II 12 8346.36 II
440 3897.63 II 470 4205.60 II 720 5249.59 II 17 8839.10 II
2000 3900.21 II 470 4211.29 II 360 5255.51 II
Neon Ne Z = 10
1300 3901.84 II 440 4227.73 II 590 5273.43 II
66 119.01 V
1700 3905.89 II 1300 4232.38 II 680 5293.17 II
200 122.52 V
510 3907.84 II 2000 4247.38 II 220 5311.46 II
66 125.12 V
2000 3911.16 II 850 4252.44 II 500 5319.82 II
45 131.99 V
850 3912.23 II 410 4261.84 II 290 5361.47 II
50 132.04 V
440 3915.13 II 470 4282.44 II 160 5431.53 II
150 140.76 V
610 3915.95 II 710 4284.52 II 240 5594.43 II
150 140.79 V
1100 3920.96 II 5400 4303.58 II 220 5620.54 I
100 142.44 V
510 3927.10 II 470 4314.52 II 140 d 5675.97 I
100 142.50 V
610 3934.82 II 1100 4325.76 II 220 5688.53 II
150 142.72 V
410 3936.11 II 510 4327.93 II 130 5702.24 II
100 143.27 V
510 3938.86 II 540 4338.70 II 160 5708.28 II
150 143.34 V
2000 3941.51 II 680 4351.29 II 100 5729.29 I
150 147.13 V
2000 3951.16 II 850 4358.17 II 160 5804.02 II
66 151.23 V
810 3952.20 II 470 d 4374.93 II 80 5811.57 II
120 151.42 V
590 3958.00 II 710 4385.66 II 70 5825.87 II
15 151.82 IV
510 3962.21 II 540 4400.83 II 80 5842.39 II
15 152.23 IV
1400 3963.12 II 510 4411.06 II 55 5858.91 I
45 154.50 V
1100 3973.30 II 580 4446.39 II 45 6007.67 I
15 158.65 IV
740 3973.69 II 1400 4451.57 II 45 6034.24 II
15 158.82 IV
740 3976.85 II 740 4462.99 II 55 6066.03 I
100 164.02 V
740 3979.49 II 410 4501.82 II 45 6178.59 I
100 164.14 V
470 3986.25 II 250 4516.36 II 45 6223.39 I
80 172.62 IV
1400 3990.10 II 340 4541.27 II 55 6310.49 I
500 173.93 V
1000 3991.74 II 340 4542.61 II 65 6385.20 II
80 177.16 IV
1100 3994.68 II 340 4563.22 II 45 6630.14 I
150 186.58 IV
410 4000.50 II 300 4621.94 I 45 6650.57 II
100 194.28 IV
540 4004.02 II 510 4634.24 I 40 6740.11 II
100 208.48 IV
410 4007.43 II 340 4641.10 I 40 6900.43 II
100 208.73 IV
3700 4012.25 II 250 4645.77 II 35 7037.30 II
80 208.90 IV
540 4012.70 II 300 4649.67 I 40 7066.89 II
150 212.56 IV
1000 4020.87 II 310 4683.45 I 29 7129.35 II
140 223.24 IV
1000 4021.34 II 470 4706.54 II 24 7189.42 II
120 223.60 IV


140 234.32 IV 100 542.07 IV 300 2216.07 III 150 2963.24 II
120 234.70 IV 150 543.89 IV 10 2220.81 IV 150 2967.18 II
Atomic
20 251.14 III 400 568.42 V 75 2227.42 V 100 2973.10 II

20 251.56 III 250 569.76 V 110 2232.41 V 15 2974.72 I
20 251.73 III 500 569.83 V 65 2245.48 V 100 2979.46 II
40 267.06 III 250 572.11 V 250 2258.02 IV 12 2982.67 I
40 267.52 III 800 572.34 V 65 2259.57 V 150 3001.67 II
20 267.71 III 35 587.213 I 175 2262.08 IV 120 p 3017.31 II
40 283.18 III 35 589.179 I 240 2263.21 III 300 3027.02 II
160 283.21 III 35 589.911 I 65 2263.39 V 300 3028.86 II
110 283.69 III 70 591.830 I 110 2264.54 IV 100 3030.79 II
40 283.89 III 100 595.920 I 200 2264.91 III 120 3034.46 II
220 301.12 III 75 598.706 I 250 2265.71 V 100 3035.92 II
220 313.05 III 35 598.891 I 550 2285.79 IV 100 3037.72 II
220 313.68 III 70 600.036 I 30 2293.14 IV 100 3039.59 II
40 313.95 III 170 602.726 I 250 2293.49 IV 100 3044.09 II
90 352.956 I 170 615.628 I 250 2350.84 IV 100 3045.56 II
60 354.962 I 170 618.672 I 450 2352.52 IV 120 3047.56 II
50 357.83 IV 120 619.102 I 700 2357.96 IV 100 3054.34 II
400 357.96 V 200 626.823 I 250 2362.68 IV 100 3054.68 II
500 358.47 V 200 629.739 I 250 2363.28 IV 100 3059.11 II
200 358.72 IV 1000 735.896 I 110 2365.49 IV 100 3062.49 II
500 359.38 V 400 743.720 I 350 2372.16 IV 100 3063.30 II
90 361.433 II 60 993.88 I 65 2384.20 IV 100 3070.89 II
60 362.455 II 70 1068.65 I 350 2384.95 IV 100 3071.53 II
1000 365.59 V 90 1131.72 I 300 2412.73 III 100 3075.73 II
220 379.31 III 100 1131.85 II 240 2412.94 III 120 3088.17 II
125 387.14 IV 90 1229.83 I 200 2413.78 III 100 3092.09 II
100 388.22 IV 20 1255.03 III 200 2473.40 III 120 3092.90 II
150 405.854 II 110 1255.68 III 80 p 2562.12 II 100 3094.01 II
120 407.138 II 160 1257.19 III 90 w 2567.12 II 100 3095.10 II
800 416.20 V 90 1418.38 I 800 2590.04 III 100 3097.13 II
150 421.61 IV 90 1428.58 I 600 2593.60 III 100 3117.98 II
200 445.040 II 90 1436.09 I 400 2595.68 III 120 3118.16 II
300 446.256 II 120 1681.68 II 300 2610.03 III 10 3126.199 I
250 446.590 II 180 1688.36 II 240 2613.41 III 300 3141.33 II
180 447.815 II 100 1888.11 II 200 2615.87 III 100 3143.72 II
150 454.654 II 100 1889.71 II 80 2623.11 II 100 p 3148.68 II
200 455.274 II 200 1907.49 II 80 2629.89 II 100 3164.43 II
10 456.275 II 500 1916.08 II 90 w 2636.07 II 100 3165.65 II
120 456.348 II 300 1930.03 II 80 2638.29 II 100 3188.74 II
90 456.896 II 200 1938.83 II 200 2638.70 III 120 3194.58 II
1000 460.728 II 100 c 1945.46 II 200 2641.07 III 500 3198.59 II
500 462.391 II 80 2007.01 II 80 2644.10 II 60 3208.96 II
140 469.77 IV 65 2018.44 IV 600 2677.90 III 120 3209.36 II
200 469.82 IV 110 2022.19 IV 500 2678.64 III 120 3213.74 II
180 469.87 IV 80 2025.56 II 80 2762.92 II 150 3214.33 II
140 469.92 IV 150 2085.47 II 90 2792.02 II 150 3218.19 II
250 480.41 V 200 2086.96 III 80 2794.22 II 120 3224.82 II
150 481.28 V 300 2089.43 III 100 2809.48 II 120 3229.57 II
250 481.36 V 240 2092.44 III 80 2906.59 II 200 3230.07 II
500 482.99 V 400 2095.54 III 80 2906.82 II 120 3230.42 II
285 488.10 III 180 2096.11 II 90 2910.06 II 120 3232.02 II
220 488.87 III 120 2096.25 II 90 2910.41 II 150 3232.37 II
450 489.50 III 200 2161.22 III 80 2911.14 II 100 3243.40 II
70 489.64 III 300 2163.77 III 80 2915.12 II 100 3244.10 II
220 490.31 III 200 2180.89 III 80 2925.62 II 100 3248.34 II
360 491.05 III 30 2203.88 IV 80 w 2932.10 II 100 3250.36 II
120 521.74 IV 200 2209.35 III 80 2940.65 II 150 3297.73 II
140 521.82 IV 200 2211.85 III 90 2946.04 II 150 3309.74 II
80 541.13 IV 240 2213.76 III 150 2955.72 II 300 3319.72 II


1000 3323.74 II 250 3727.11 II 100 6074.338 I 1000 8571.352 I
150 3327.15 II 800 3766.26 II 80 6096.163 I 4000 8591.259 I
Atomic
100 3329.16 II 1000 3777.13 II 60 6128.450 I 6000 8634.647 I
200 3334.84 II 100 3818.43 II 100 6143.063 I 3000 8647.041 I
150 3344.40 II 120 3829.75 II 120 6163.594 I 15000 8654.383 I
300 3345.45 II 150 4219.74 II 250 6182.146 I 4000 8655.522 I
150 3345.83 II 100 4233.85 II 150 6217.281 I 100 8668.26 II
200 3355.02 II 120 4250.65 II 150 6266.495 I 5000 8679.492 I
120 3357.82 II 120 4369.86 II 60 6304.789 I 5000 8681.921 I
200 3360.60 II 70 4379.40 II 100 6334.428 I 2000 8704.112 I
120 3362.16 II 150 4379.55 II 120 6382.992 I 4000 8771.656 I
100 3362.71 II 100 4385.06 II 200 6402.246 I 12000 8780.621 I
120 3367.22 II 200 4391.99 II 150 6506.528 I 10000 8783.753 I
12 3369.808 I 150 4397.99 II 60 6532.882 I 500 8830.907 I
40 3369.908 I 150 4409.30 II 150 6598.953 I 7000 8853.867 I
100 3371.80 II 100 4413.22 II 70 6652.093 I 1000 8865.306 I
500 3378.22 II 100 4421.39 II 90 6678.276 I 1000 8865.755 I
150 3388.42 II 100 p 4428.52 II 20 6717.043 I 3000 8919.501 I
120 3388.94 II 100 p 4428.63 II 100 6929.467 I 2000 8988.57 I
300 3392.80 II 150 p 4430.90 II 90 7024.050 I 100 9079.46 II
100 3404.82 II 150 p 4430.94 II 100 7032.413 I 6000 9148.67 I
120 3406.95 II 120 4457.05 II 50 7051.292 I 6000 9201.76 I
100 3413.15 II 100 4522.72 II 80 7059.107 I 4000 9220.06 I
120 3416.91 II 10 4537.754 I 100 7173.938 I 2000 9221.58 I
120 3417.69 II 10 4540.380 I 150 7213.20 II 2000 9226.69 I
50 3417.904 I 100 4569.06 II 150 7235.19 II 1000 9275.52 I
15 3418.006 I 15 4704.395 I 100 7245.167 I 200 9287.56 II
120 3428.69 II 12 4708.862 I 150 7343.94 II 6000 9300.85 I
60 3447.703 I 10 4710.067 I 40 7472.439 I 1500 9310.58 I
50 3454.195 I 10 4712.066 I 90 7488.871 I 3000 9313.97 I
100 3456.61 II 15 4715.347 I 100 7492.10 II 6000 9326.51 I
100 3459.32 II 10 4752.732 I 150 7522.82 II 2000 9373.31 I
25 3460.524 I 12 4788.927 I 80 7535.774 I 5000 9425.38 I
30 3464.339 I 10 4790.22 I 60 7544.044 I 3000 9459.21 I
30 3466.579 I 10 4827.344 I 100 7724.628 I 5000 9486.68 I
60 3472.571 I 10 4884.917 I 120 7740.74 II 5000 9534.16 I
150 3479.52 II 4 5005.159 I 300 7839.055 I 3000 9547.40 I
200 3480.72 II 10 5037.751 I 120 7926.20 II 120 9577.01 II
200 3481.93 II 10 5144.938 I 400 7927.118 I 1000 9665.42 I
25 3498.064 I 25 5330.778 I 700 7936.996 I 100 9808.86 II
30 3501.216 I 20 5341.094 I 2000 7943.181 I 800 10295.42 I
25 3515.191 I 8 5343.283 I 2000 8082.458 I 2000 10562.41 I
150 3520.472 I 60 5400.562 I 100 8084.34 II 1500 10798.07 I
120 3542.85 II 5 5562.766 I 1000 8118.549 I 2000 10844.48 I
120 3557.80 II 10 5656.659 I 600 8128.911 I 3000 11143.020 I
100 3561.20 II 5 5719.225 I 3000 8136.406 I 3500 11177.528 I
250 3568.50 II 12 5748.298 I 2500 8259.379 I 1600 11390.434 I
100 3574.18 II 80 5764.419 I 100 8264.81 II 1100 11409.134 I
200 3574.61 II 12 5804.450 I 2500 8266.077 I 3000 11522.746 I
50 3593.526 I 40 5820.156 I 800 8267.117 I 1500 11525.020 I
30 3593.640 I 500 5852.488 I 6000 8300.326 I 950 11536.344 I
15 3600.169 I 100 5872.828 I 100 8315.00 II 500 11601.537 I
20 3633.665 I 100 5881.895 I 1500 8365.749 I 1200 11614.081 I
150 3643.93 II 60 5902.462 I 100 8372.11 II 300 11688.002 I
200 3664.07 II 60 5906.429 I 8000 8377.606 I 2000 11766.792 I
20 3682.243 I 100 5944.834 I 1000 8417.159 I 1500 11789.044 I
12 3685.736 I 100 5965.471 I 4000 8418.427 I 500 11789.889 I
200 3694.21 II 100 5974.627 I 1500 8463.358 I 1000 11984.912 I
10 3701.225 I 120 5975.534 I 800 8484.444 I 3000 12066.334 I
150 3709.62 II 80 5987.907 I 5000 8495.360 I 800 12459.389 I
250 3713.08 II 100 6029.997 I 600 8544.696 I 1000 12689.201 I


1100 12912.014 I 300 l 3986.89 I 300 8155.11 I 300 863.22 III
700 13219.241 I 300 s 5044.66 I 300 l 8167.42 I 300 867.51 III
Atomic
800 15230.714 I 300 l 5601.70 I 300 l 8183.06 I 300 973.79 III

400 17161.930 I 300 l 5652.75 I 300 l 8188.61 I 400 979.59 III
400 18035.80 I 300 l 5784.39 I 300 l 8247.82 I 500 1317.22 II
1000 18083.21 I 300 l 5878.04 I 300 l 8287.11 I 76 1398.19 IV
350 18221.11 I 300 s 6011.22 I 300 s 8287.75 I 74 1411.45 IV
250 18227.02 I 300 6056.09 I 300 l 8306.22 I 70 1438.82 IV
2500 18276.68 I 300 s 6073.90 I 300 s 8313.66 I 73 1449.01 IV
2000 18282.62 I 300 s 6080.05 I 1000 l 8339.12 I 76 1452.22 IV
1200 18303.97 I 300 l 6120.49 I 300 8356.79 I 73 1482.25 IV
250 18359.12 I 300 6188.59 I 300 l 8367.11 I 72 1489.83 IV
1200 18384.85 I 300 l 6200.00 I 3000 8372.88 I 75 1525.31 IV
2000 18389.95 I 300 s 6215.90 I 3000 8529.96 I 74 1527.68 IV
1000 18402.84 I 300 s 6317.84 I 1000 s 8696.23 I 74 1527.80 IV
1200 18422.39 I 300 l 6341.38 I 1000 s 8906.02 I 76 1534.71 IV
300 18458.65 I 300 l 6566.11 I 1000 8942.70 I 73 1537.25 IV
400 18475.79 I 300 l 6720.68 I 1000 s 9004.75 I 75 1543.41 IV
900 18591.55 I 300 s 6751.32 I 1000 l 9006.31 I 74 1546.23 IV
1600 18597.70 I 300 s 6795.21 I 10000 l 9016.18 I 300 1604.54 III
350 18618.96 I 300 l 6802.62 I 3000 l 9141.30 I 300 1652.87 III
550 18625.16 I 300 l 6805.81 I 3000 s 9379.33 I 400 1687.90 III
1200 21041.295 I 300 s 6816.44 I 3000 l 9468.66 I 1000 1692.51 III
750 21708.145 I 300 l 6865.45 I 3000 s 9679.13 I 800 1709.90 III
300 22247.35 I 300 s 6907.13 I 3000 l 9930.55 I 650 1715.30 III
350 22428.13 I 300 h 6912.91 I 10000 l 10091.99 I 500 1719.46 III
2250 22530.40 I 1000 s 6930.31 I 10000 s 10817.45 I 400 1722.28 III
400 22661.81 I 300 l 6963.63 I 10000 l 11695.15 I 500 1738.25 III
600 23100.51 I 3000 s 6972.09 I 10000 l 11776.64 I 300 1739.78 III
1000 23260.30 I 300 7014.02 I 10000 s 12148.18 I 1000 1741.55 II
1050 23373.00 I 300 l 7018.91 I 10000 s 12377.42 I 300 1741.96 III
850 23565.36 I 300 s 7039.14 I 10000 l 12407.99 I 550 1747.01 III
3500 23636.52 I 300 s 7080.01 I 10000 l 13834.33 I 300 1752.43 III
300 23701.64 I 300 l 7174.83 I 400 1753.01 III
Nickel Ni Z = 28
1100 23709.2 I 300 l 7184.93 I 800 1764.69 III
55 315.24 V
1800 23951.42 I 300 l 7284.28 I 500 1767.94 III
56 315.71 V
600 23956.46 I 300 l 7292.29 I 2000 1769.64 III
72 354.18 V
1000 23978.12 I 300 l 7332.52 I 400 1776.07 III
76 354.42 V
200 24098.54 I 300 s 7370.60 I 300 1807.24 III
68 354.49 V
500 24161.42 I 300 l 7381.03 I 300 1819.28 III
500 630.71 III
600 24249.64 I 300 l 7381.65 I 800 1823.06 III
500 676.94 III
1500 24365.05 I 300 l 7402.70 I 400 1830.01 III
300 713.33 III
800 24371.60 I 300 s 7512.22 I 650 1847.28 III
300 713.38 III
400 24447.85 I 300 l 7515.15 I 800 1854.15 III
500 718.48 III
700 24459.4 I 300 l 7546.05 I 300 1858.75 III
300 722.09 III
300 24776.46 I 300 l 7624.83 I 1000 2165.55 II
500 729.82 III
550 24928.88 I 300 7626.85 I 2000 2169.10 II
400 731.70 III
250 25161.69 I 300 s 7681.01 I 2000 2174.67 II
300 732.16 III
650 25524.37 I 300 s 7685.25 I 1500 2175.15 II
300 747.99 III
125 28386.21 I 1000 l 7735.14 I 2500 2185.50 II
300 750.05 III
150 30200. I 300 l 7761.61 I 3000 2192.09 II
300 757.80 III
250 33173.09 I 1000 l 7765.75 I 5000 2205.55 II
400 770.22 III
450 33352.35 I 300 s 7776.07 I 4000 2206.72 II
500 778.81 III
1300 33901. I 300 7787.46 I 6000 2216.48 II
300 788.04 III
2200 33912.10 I 1000 l 7791.38 I 1000 2264.46 II
500 811.57 III
600 34131.31 I 300 l 7851.44 I 2000 2270.21 II
500 826.14 III
100 34471.44 I 300 l 7887.88 I 1600 2289.98 I
500 842.14 III
120 35834.78 I 300 l 7901.71 I 630 2300.78 I
400 845.24 III
300 l 7975.98 I 1000 2303.00 II
Neptunium Np Z = 93 300 847.43 III
300 h 8080.32 I 2000 2310.96 I
300 3481.93 I 300 860.64 III
300 s 8124.59 I 1700 2312.34 I
300 h 3501.50 I 300 862.88 III


1400 2313.66 I 530 3612.74 I 500 w 9900.92 II 100 2362.06 III
1400 2313.98 I 6600 3619.39 I 80 2362.50 III
Atomic
Niobium Nb Z = 41
1000 2316.04 II 200 3664.10 I 80 2365.70 III
80 464.55 V
1400 2317.16 I 130 3669.24 I 100 2372.73 III
80 468.32 V
2600 2320.03 I 180 3670.43 I 170 2376.40 II
80 763.77 V
1900 2321.38 I 260 3674.15 I 110 2387.09 II
80 774.02 V
1400 2325.79 I 160 3688.42 I 100 2387.41 III
60 993.54 IV
940 2329.96 I 80 3693.93 I 140 2387.52 II
400 1005.72 IV
1200 2345.54 I 120 3722.48 I 80 2388.23 III
500 1007.05 IV
400 2347.52 I 150 3736.81 I 45 2388.27 II
500 1010.19 IV
1000 2375.42 II 60 3739.23 I 160 2398.48 II
100 1116.08 IV
240 2386.58 I 600 3775.57 I 80 2404.89 III
150 1120.02 IV
1000 2394.52 II 700 3783.53 I 55 2405.34 II
100 1258.87 V
2000 2416.13 II 700 3807.14 I 55 2405.85 II
60 1314.56 III
240 2419.31 I 110 3831.69 I 140 2412.46 II
80 1445.43 III
160 2472.06 I 1200 3858.30 I 100 2413.94 III
80 1445.98 III
150 2798.65 I 110 3973.56 I 160 2416.99 II
80 1447.09 III
250 2821.29 I 110 4401.55 I 140 2418.69 II
100 1456.68 III
500 2943.91 I 85 4459.04 I 100 2421.91 III
80 1484.73 III
570 2981.65 I 55 4470.48 I 75 2433.80 II
100 1495.94 III
500 2992.60 I 65 4605.00 I 40 2435.95 II
80 1498.02 III
1000 2994.46 I 75 4648.66 I 45 2437.42 II
80 1499.45 III
4000 3002.49 I 110 4714.42 I 40 2442.14 II
100 1501.99 III
2200 3003.63 I 45 4786.54 I 28 2442.68 II
60 1502.30 IV
3700 3012.00 I 45 4855.41 I 65 2451.87 II
80 1513.81 III
1700 3037.94 I 40 4904.41 I 65 2453.95 II
60 1524.36 IV
3500 3050.82 I 45 4980.16 I 100 2456.99 III
100 1524.91 III
1500 3054.32 I 45 4984.13 I 55 2458.09 II
100 1590.21 III
1900 3057.64 I 50 5017.59 I 65 2462.89 I
80 1598.86 III
500 3064.62 I 100 5035.37 I 80 2468.72 III
80 1604.72 III
2600 3101.55 I 100 5080.52 I 80 2475.87 III
80 1639.51 III
1300 3101.88 I 65 5081.11 I 110 2477.38 II
100 1682.77 III
2900 3134.11 I 40 h 5146.48 I 65 2478.29 II
100 1705.44 III
1100 3232.96 I 40 h 5155.76 I 65 2479.94 II
100 1707.14 III
600 3243.06 I 180 5476.91 I 35 2483.88 II
100 1758.33 V
660 3315.66 I 23 5709.56 I 100 2499.73 III
100 1877.34 V
2000 3331.88 II 16 5754.68 I 110 2511.00 II
100 1892.92 III
2900 3369.57 I 10 5857.76 I 110 2521.40 II
60 1922.41 IV
3300 3380.57 I 10 5892.88 I 390 2544.80 II
100 1938.84 III
1300 3391.05 I 10 6108.12 I 100 2545.64 III
60 1978.22 IV
3300 3392.99 I 10 6176.81 I 110 2551.38 II
3300 2029.32 II
8200 3414.76 I 10 6191.18 I 130 2556.94 II
65 2032.53 IV
1600 3423.71 I 13 6256.36 I 80 2557.94 III
3000 2032.99 II
2600 3433.56 I 16 6643.64 I 130 2562.41 II
2000 2109.42 II
990 3437.28 I 22 6767.77 I 110 2571.33 II
1700 2125.21 II
4800 3446.26 I 10 6914.56 I 390 2583.99 II
1100 2126.54 II
1300 3452.89 I 26 7122.20 I 390 2590.94 II
80 h 2130.24 III
5000 3458.47 I 16 7393.60 I 80 2598.86 III
1500 2131.18 II
5000 3461.65 I 16 7409.35 I 80 2633.17 III
80 2273.92 III
1600 3472.54 I 23 7422.28 I 200 2642.24 II
100 2275.23 III
550 3483.77 I 13 7522.76 I 320 2646.26 II
80 2279.36 III
5500 3492.96 I 19 7555.60 I 330 2647.50 I
100 2281.51 III
660 3500.85 I 23 7617.00 I 330 2654.45 I
80 2284.40 III
2600 3510.34 I 16 7714.32 I 310 2656.08 II
100 2290.36 III
6600 3515.05 I 19 7727.61 I 80 2657.99 III
370 2295.68 II
660 3519.77 I 19 7748.89 I 110 2665.25 II
280 2302.08 II
8200 3524.54 I 10 7788.94 I 110 2666.59 II
100 2313.30 III
5000 3566.37 I 13 7797.59 I 110 2667.30 II
100 2338.09 III
990 3571.87 I 1000 8096.75 II 400 2671.93 II
80 2344.12 III
1300 3597.70 I 700 8121.48 II 200 2673.57 II
90 2349.21 III
1300 3610.46 I 9 8862.55 I 200 2675.94 II
80 2355.54 III


160 2691.77 II 80 3142.26 III 500 3584.97 I 350 4143.21 I
1000 2697.06 II 390 3145.40 II 750 3589.11 I 870 4150.12 I
Atomic
320 2698.86 II 1200 3163.40 II 500 3589.36 I 4400 4152.58 I

320 2702.20 II 150 3175.78 II 500 3593.97 I 870 4163.47 I
150 2702.52 II 390 3180.29 II 500 3602.56 I 4400 4163.66 I
470 2716.62 II 300 3191.10 II 300 3619.51 II 4000 4164.66 I
470 2721.98 II 150 3191.43 II 420 3649.85 I 3500 4168.13 I
310 2733.26 II 1000 3194.98 II 400 3651.19 II 310 4184.44 I
110 2737.09 II 120 3203.35 II 200 3659.61 II 1200 4190.88 I
240 2768.13 II 300 3206.34 II 630 3660.37 I 870 4192.07 I
310 2773.20 I 390 3215.60 II 900 3664.70 I 870 4195.09 I
270 2780.24 II 800 3225.48 II 1500 3697.85 I 1300 4195.66 I
110 2793.05 II 140 3229.56 II 330 3711.34 I 310 4198.51 I
190 2827.08 II 400 3236.40 II 3300 3713.01 I 350 4201.52 I
250 2841.15 II 200 3247.47 II 480 3716.99 I 870 4205.31 I
280 2842.65 II 120 3248.94 II 2700 3726.24 I 350 4214.73 I
160 2846.28 II 320 3254.07 II 2700 3739.80 I 420 4217.94 I
240 2861.09 II 230 3260.56 II 670 3740.73 II 420 4229.15 I
100 2865.61 II 160 3263.37 II 1700 3742.39 I 770 4262.05 I
500 2868.52 II 200 3283.46 II 530 3763.49 I 420 4266.02 I
800 2875.39 II 160 3292.02 II 350 3765.08 I 400 4286.99 I
270 2876.95 II 320 3296.01 I 530 3771.85 I 580 4299.60 I
530 2877.03 II 400 3312.60 I 870 3781.01 I 580 4300.99 I
100 2880.72 II 120 3319.58 II 1700 3787.06 I 390 4311.27 I
570 2883.18 II 130 3341.60 II 1300 3790.15 I 350 4326.33 I
280 2888.83 II 1300 3341.97 I 3500 3791.21 I 390 4331.37 I
470 2897.81 II 1300 3343.71 I 2700 3798.12 I 330 4410.21 I
400 2899.24 II 1700 3349.06 I 2700 3802.92 I 150 4503.04 I
470 2908.24 II 420 3349.52 I 670 3803.88 I 530 4523.41 I
670 2910.59 II 340 3354.74 I 530 3804.74 I 480 4546.82 I
470 2911.74 II 1700 3358.42 I 670 3810.49 I 370 4564.53 I
1100 2927.81 II 130 3365.58 II 530 3811.03 I 720 4573.08 I
110 2931.47 II 340 3366.96 I 530 3815.51 I 480 4581.62 I
870 2941.54 II 130 3369.16 II 210 3818.86 II 1200 4606.77 I
110 h 2945.88 II 350 3374.92 I 670 3824.88 I 170 4616.17 I
110 2946.12 II 170 3386.24 II 350 3835.18 I 450 4630.11 I
110 2946.90 II 350 3392.34 I 350 3863.38 I 450 4648.95 I
1100 2950.88 II 230 3408.68 II 530 3877.56 I 450 4663.83 I
400 2972.57 II 180 3409.19 II 870 3878.82 I 340 4666.24 I
320 2974.10 II 230 3412.94 II 670 3883.14 I 240 4667.22 I
210 2977.68 II 230 3425.42 II 1100 3885.44 I 580 4672.09 I
200 2982.11 II 230 3426.57 II 670 3885.68 I 530 4675.37 I
330 2990.26 II 180 3432.70 II 580 3891.30 I 320 4685.14 I
470 2994.73 II 180 3440.59 II 670 3914.70 I 130 c 4706.14 I
80 3001.84 III 200 3479.56 II 530 3920.20 I 260 4708.29 I
140 3024.74 II 100 3484.05 II 670 3937.44 I 150 4713.50 I
350 3028.44 II 500 3498.63 I 520 3943.67 I 220 c 4749.70 I
300 3032.77 II 460 3507.96 I 910 d 3966.09 I 130 c 4967.78 I
100 3044.76 II 200 3510.26 II 1100 4032.52 I 190 4988.97 I
100 3055.52 II 200 3515.42 II 16000 c 4058.94 I 230 5017.75 I
220 3064.53 II 200 3517.67 II 350 4060.79 I 150 5026.36 I
110 3069.68 II 2000 3535.30 I 12000 4079.73 I 210 5039.04 I
100 3070.90 II 1300 3537.48 I 440 4100.40 I 170 5058.01 I
110 3071.56 II 250 3540.96 II 6700 4100.92 I 130 5065.25 I
100 3073.24 II 500 3544.02 I 310 4116.90 I 750 5078.96 I
400 3076.87 II 300 3550.45 I 5300 4123.81 I 420 5095.30 I
110 3080.35 II 1000 3554.66 I 670 4129.43 I 170 5100.16 I
1800 3094.18 II 630 3563.50 I 770 4129.93 I 170 5120.30 I
140 3099.19 II 630 3563.62 I 2300 4137.10 I 210 5134.75 I
270 3127.53 II 1500 3575.85 I 440 4139.44 I 250 5160.33 I
1500 3130.79 II 5000 3580.27 I 2700 4139.71 I 250 5164.38 I


230 5180.31 I 600 w 234.25 IV 360 644.837 II 115 1098.095 I
190 5189.20 I 550 236.07 IV 450 645.178 II 115 1098.260 I
Atomic
170 5193.08 I 500 237.99 IV 140 647.50 I 105 1100.360 I
150 5195.84 I 500 w 238.7 IV 360 660.286 II 40 1100.465 I
150 5232.81 I 600 238.80 IV 170 671.016 II 90 1101.291 I
150 d 5251.62 I 500 w 239.62 IV 285 671.386 II 360 1134.165 I
270 5271.53 I 900 247.20 IV 150 671.630 II 385 1134.415 I
130 c 5276.20 I 90 247.561 V 160 671.773 II 410 1134.980 I
250 5318.60 I 120 247.706 V 170 672.001 II 105 1143.65 I
460 5344.17 I 500 w 248.43 IV 500 684.996 III 130 1163.884 I
340 5350.74 I 500 w 248.46 IV 570 685.513 III 60 1164.206 I
110 5437.27 I 500 w 248.48 IV 650 685.816 III 105 1164.325 I
85 5551.35 I 500 257.95 III 500 686.335 III 270 1167.448 I
170 5642.11 I 650 258.50 III 350 692.70 I 105 1168.334 I
130 5664.71 I 700 259.19 III 90 713.518 V 60 1168.417 I
170 5665.63 I 800 260.09 III 150 713.860 V 195 1168.536 I
130 5729.19 I 600 260.45 IV 285 746.984 II 230 1176.510 I
110 5760.34 I 800 261.28 III 150 748.195 V 105 1176.630 I
110 5819.43 I 500 262.91 III 200 748.291 V 195 1177.695 I
130 d 5838.64 I 500 265.23 III 500 763.336 III 500 1183.031 III
190 cw 5900.62 I 500 265.27 III 570 764.359 III 570 1184.550 III
150 5983.22 I 150 266.196 V 570 765.148 IV 90 1188.01 IV
75 6221.96 I 200 266.379 V 250 771.544 III 410 1199.550 I
85 c 6430.46 I 500 268.70 III 300 771.901 III 385 1200.223 I
65 6544.61 I 650 270.99 IV 350 772.385 III 360 1200.710 I
210 cw 6660.84 I 250 283.42 IV 200 772.891 III 175 1225.026 I
150 cw 6677.33 I 300 283.48 IV 150 772.975 III 160 1225.37 I
130 c 6723.62 I 350 283.58 IV 650 775.965 II 130 1228.41 I
85 6828.11 I 600 285.56 IV 90 885.67 I 160 1228.79 I
85 6990.32 I 600 w 297.7 IV 90 909.697 I 1000 1238.821 V
190 c 7046.81 I 700 297.82 IV 80 910.278 I 900 1242.804 V
130 7159.43 I 650 300.32 IV 40 910.645 I 360 1243.179 I
190 cw 7372.50 I 90 303.123 IV 450 915.612 II 315 1243.306 I
65 7515.93 I 500 303.28 IV 450 915.962 II 290 1310.540 I
170 c 7574.58 I 150 314.715 III 550 916.012 II 250 1310.95 I
75 c 7726.68 I 200 314.850 III 650 916.701 II 230 1319.00 I
35 7885.31 I 90 314.877 III 520 921.992 IV 315 1319.68 I
40 8135.20 I 150 315.053 IV 500 922.519 IV 115 1326.57 I
29 cw 8320.93 I 120 322.503 IV 480 923.057 IV 115 1327.92 I
29 8346.08 I 150 322.570 IV 520 924.283 IV 150 1387.371 III
35 8905.78 I 200 322.724 IV 90 953.415 I 360 1411.94 I
120 323.175 IV 100 953.655 I 700 1492.625 I
Nitrogen N Z=7
600 323.26 III 130 953.970 I 490 1492.820 I
400 181.75 IV
300 335.050 IV 1000 955.335 IV 640 1494.675 I
52 186.069 V
500 338.35 III 130 963.990 I 90 1549.336 V
62 186.153 V
500 340.20 III 115 964.626 I 200 l 1616.33 V
400 191.7 IV
500 w 351.93 IV 70 965.041 I 350 l 1619.69 V
400 192.9 IV
500 351.98 III 650 979.842 III 1000 1718.55 IV
500 196.87 IV
700 353.06 IV 700 979.919 III 250 1729.945 III
500 197.23 IV
120 362.833 III 900 989.790 III 775 1742.729 I
500 202.60 IV
150 362.881 III 700 991.514 III 700 1745.252 I
500 205.94 IV
150 362.946 III 1000 991.579 III 570 1747.848 III
500 205.97 IV
90 362.985 III 150 w 1036.16 IV 350 1751.218 III
500 206.03 IV
300 374.204 III 90 1067.614 I 650 1751.657 III
90 209.303 V
350 374.441 III 60 1068.612 I 150 1804.486 III
500 217.20 IV
500 387.48 III 90 1078.71 IV 200 1805.669 III
500 d 217.90 IV
500 420.77 IV 450 1083.990 II 150 1846.42 III
500 d 223.4 IV
250 451.869 III 600 1084.580 II 90 w 1860.37 V
800 w 225.12 IV
300 452.226 III 430 1085.546 II 350 1885.06 III
800 225.21 IV
650 463.74 IV 650 1085.701 II 400 1885.22 III
600 w 234.12 IV
285 644.634 II 175 1097.237 I 200 1907.99 III
600 w 234.20 IV


150 1919.55 III 360 3919.00 II 185 5281.20 I 450 7762.24 II
150 1919.77 III 90 3938.52 III 140 5292.68 I
Atomic
400 8184.87 I
300 1920.65 III 450 3955.85 II 90 5314.35 III 400 8188.02 I
150 1920.84 III 1000 3995.00 II 200 5320.82 III 250 8200.36 I
200 1921.30 III 150 3998.63 III 150 5327.18 III 300 8210.72 I
200 2064.01 III 200 4003.58 III 450 5495.67 II 570 8216.34 I
250 2064.42 III 360 4035.08 II 285 5535.36 II 400 8223.14 I
120 2068.68 III 550 4041.31 II 650 5666.63 II 400 8242.39 I
90 2071.09 III 360 4043.53 II 550 5676.02 II 550 8438.74 II
90 2080.34 IV 150 4057.76 IV 870 5679.56 II 500 8567.74 I
160 2095.53 II 250 4097.33 III 450 5686.21 II 570 8594.00 I
70 2096.20 II 140 4099.94 I 450 5710.77 II 650 8629.24 I
110 2096.86 II 200 4103.43 III 285 5747.30 II 500 8655.89 I
90 2117.59 III 185 4109.95 I 700 5752.50 I 220 8676.08 II
90 2121.50 III 285 4176.16 II 240 5764.75 I 700 8680.28 I
110 2130.18 II 120 4195.76 III 265 5829.54 I 650 8683.40 I
160 2142.78 II 150 4200.10 III 235 5854.04 I 500 8686.15 I
90 2147.31 III 285 4227.74 II 360 5927.81 II 110 8687.43 II
200 2188.20 III 285 4236.91 II 550 5931.78 II 110 h 8699.00 II
150 2188.38 III 220 4237.05 II 285 5940.24 II 500 8703.25 I
160 2206.09 II 450 4241.78 II 650 5941.65 II 160 h 8710.54 II
160 2286.69 II 90 4332.91 III 285 5952.39 II 570 8711.70 I
110 2288.44 II 120 4345.68 III 160 5999.43 I 500 8718.83 I
220 2316.49 II 300 4379.11 III 210 6008.47 I 250 8728.89 I
160 2316.69 II 285 4432.74 II 285 6167.76 II 200 8747.36 I
285 2317.05 II 650 4447.03 II 360 6379.62 II 500 9386.80 I
90 w 2318.09 IV 90 4510.91 III 150 6380.77 IV 570 9392.79 I
160 2461.27 II 120 4514.86 III 185 6411.65 I 250 9460.68 I
150 2477.69 IV 360 4530.41 II 210 6420.64 I 200 9863.33 I
110 2496.83 II 550 4601.48 II 210 6423.02 I 160 h 9865.41 II
70 2496.97 II 350 4603.73 V 210 6428.32 I 110 h 9868.21 II
110 2520.22 II 90 4606.33 IV 185 6437.68 I 160 h 9887.39 II
160 2520.79 II 450 4607.16 II 235 6440.94 I 220 h 9891.09 II
220 2522.23 II 360 4613.87 II 90 6454.11 III 160 h 9961.86 II
110 2590.94 II 250 4619.98 V 185 6457.90 I 220 h 9969.34 II
250 2645.65 IV 450 4621.39 II 120 6467.02 III 285 h 10023.27 II
300 2646.18 IV 870 4630.54 II 300 6468.44 I 220 h 10035.45 II
350 2646.96 IV 90 4634.14 III 265 6481.71 I 220 h 10065.15 II
250 w 2682.18 III 120 4640.64 III 750 6482.05 II 160 h 10070.12 II
90 2689.20 III 550 4643.08 II 360 6482.70 I 250 10105.13 I
160 2709.84 II 285 4788.13 II 300 6483.75 I 300 10108.89 I
110 2799.22 II 450 4803.29 II 325 6484.80 I 350 10112.48 I
110 2823.64 II 180 4847.38 I 160 6491.22 I 400 10114.64 I
60 l 2859.16 V 90 4858.82 III 210 6499.54 I 110 h 10126.27 II
160 2885.27 II 150 4867.15 III 185 6506.31 I 250 10539.57 I
90 l 2974.52 V 285 4895.11 II 750 6610.56 II 200 12074.51 I
150 w 2980.78 V 160 4914.94 I 185 6622.54 I 380 12186.82 I
250 w 2981.31 V 210 4935.12 I 185 6636.94 I 225 12288.97 I
60 w 2998.43 V 200 w 4944.56 V 235 6644.96 I 290 12328.76 I
220 3006.83 II 160 4950.23 I 185 6646.50 I 310 12381.65 I
90 3078.25 IV 350 4963.98 I 235 6653.46 I 180 12438.40 I
120 3367.34 III 285 4987.37 II 210 6656.51 I 510 12461.25 I
360 3437.15 II 450 4994.36 II 185 6722.62 I 920 12469.62 I
90 3463.37 IV 650 5001.48 II 210 7398.64 I 500 13429.61 I
570 3478.71 IV 360 5002.70 II 160 7406.12 I 840 13581.33 I
500 3482.99 IV 870 5005.15 II 265 7406.24 I 180 13587.73 I
400 3484.96 IV 550 5007.32 II 685 7423.64 I 180 13602.27 I
90 3747.54 IV 450 5010.62 II 785 7442.29 I 290 13624.18 I
90 3754.67 III 360 5016.39 II 900 7468.31 I 250 14757.07 I
120 3771.05 III 360 5025.66 II 185 7608.80 I 100 14868.87 I
285 3838.37 II 550 5045.10 II 60 w 7618.46 V 160 14966.60 I


180 15582.27 I 960 2770.71 I 35 5203.23 I 150 202.393 V
Atomic
120 s 17516.58 I 2800 2806.91 I 45 5255.82 I 110 203.78 V
100 l 17584.86 I 5100 2838.63 I 55 5265.15 I 150 203.82 V
100 17878.26 I 2300 2844.40 I 40 5298.78 I 100 203.85 V
1500 2850.76 I 110 5376.79 I 200 203.89 V
Osmium Os Z = 76
1500 2860.96 I 120 5416.34 I 100 203.94 V
9600 2001.45 I
9600 2909.06 I 45 5416.69 I 110 207.18 IV
13000 2003.73 I
2100 2912.33 I 28 5417.51 I 150 207.24 IV
17000 2010.15 I
2100 2919.79 I 55 5443.31 I 300 207.794 V
29000 2018.14 I
1100 h 2948.23 I 22 5446.93 I 150 215.040 V
14000 2022.76 I
1400 2949.53 I 22 5457.30 I 200 215.103 V
14000 2028.23 I
4400 3018.04 I 28 5470.00 I 250 215.245 V
18000 2034.44 I
1100 3030.70 I 22 5509.33 I 250 216.018 V
26000 2045.36 I
2900 3040.90 I 270 5523.53 I 520 220.352 V
8600 2058.69 I
120 3042.74 II 22 5546.82 I 80 227.372 V
13000 2061.69 I
8600 3058.66 I 80 5584.44 I 80 227.469 V
7800 2067.21 II
1100 3077.72 I 35 5620.08 I 150 227.511 V
4200 2070.67 II
3100 3156.25 I 22 5642.56 I 80 227.549 V
7200 2076.95 I
180 3173.93 II 28 5645.25 I 80 227.634 V
14000 2079.97 I
150 3213.31 II 28 5680.88 I 80 227.689 V
2900 2082.54 I
1900 3232.06 I 170 5721.93 I 150 231.823 V
2900 2089.03 I
3100 3262.29 I 22 5765.05 I 140 233.46 IV
2900 2089.21 I
3100 3267.94 I 170 5780.82 I 150 233.50 IV
6000 2097.60 I
1200 3290.26 I 40 5800.60 I 110 233.52 IV
5300 2100.63 I
7600 3301.56 I 110 5857.76 I 200 233.56 IV
2100 2117.66 I
960 3336.15 I 28 5860.64 I 110 233.60 IV
4800 2117.96 I
960 3370.59 I 65 5996.00 I 90 238.36 IV
5300 2137.11 I
620 3387.84 I 35 6227.70 I 180 238.57 IV
2600 2154.59 I
620 3401.86 I 22 6269.41 I 110 248.459 V
1300 2157.84 I
620 3504.66 I 22 6403.15 I 110 252.56 IV
1200 2158.53 I
1200 3528.60 I 27 6729.56 I 110 252.95 IV
3100 2166.90 I
1200 3560.86 I 22 7145.54 I 150 253.08 IV
1100 2167.75 I
620 3598.11 I 26 7602.95 I 300 260.39 IV
2100 2171.65 I
95 3604.48 II 7 8041.29 I 250 260.56 IV
1100 2234.61 I
480 3670.89 I 80 d 264.34 III
1300 2252.15 I Oxygen O Z = 8
3700 3752.52 I 110 264.48 III
2000 2255.85 II 80 124.616 V
2100 3782.20 I 110 266.97 III
1400 2264.60 I 110 135.523 V
730 3876.77 I 150 266.98 III
1400 2282.26 II 80 138.109 V
1000 3963.63 I 150 267.03 III
500 2367.35 II 110 139.029 V
730 3977.23 I 150 277.38 III
2600 2377.03 I 80 151.447 V
960 4066.69 I 300 279.63 IV
1700 2387.29 I 110 151.477 V
1200 4112.02 I 375 279.94 IV
1100 2395.88 I 150 151.546 V
2500 4135.78 I 110 285.71 IV
200 2423.07 II 80 164.574 V
1200 4173.23 I 150 285.84 IV
1400 2424.97 I 110 164.657 V
1200 4211.86 I 110 286.448 V
110 2454.91 II 80 164.709 V
4900 4260.85 I 80 295.62 III
1800 2461.42 I 80 166.235 V
560 4293.95 I 110 295.66 III
110 2468.90 II 150 167.99 V
560 4311.40 I 120 295.72 III
530 2486.24 II 110 170.219 V
4900 4420.47 I 150 303.41 III
4500 2488.55 I 450 172.169 V
540 4550.41 I 150 303.46 III
2600 2498.41 I 250 185.745 V
670 4793.99 I 140 303.52 III
2400 2513.25 I 375 192.751 V
55 5031.83 I 160 303.62 III
780 2538.00 II 450 192.799 V
45 5039.12 I 160 303.69 III
1000 2542.51 I 520 192.906 V
35 5072.88 I 250 303.80 III
1000 2590.76 I 80 193.003 V
35 5074.77 I 200 305.60 III
1800 2613.06 I 200 194.593 V
35 5079.09 I 250 305.66 III
3800 2637.13 I 150 195.86 IV
90 5103.50 I 190 305.70 III
1900 2644.11 I 200 196.01 IV
55 5110.81 I 300 305.77 III
1900 2658.60 I 80 202.161 V
140 5149.74 I 190 305.84 III
2100 2689.82 I 80 202.224 V
40 5193.52 I 200 306.62 IV
3000 2714.64 I 80 202.283 V
270 5202.63 I 150 306.88 IV
1300 2720.04 I 80 202.334 V


450 320.979 III 775 760.445 V 220 1763.22 III 775 2789.85 V
Atomic
300 328.45 III 640 761.128 V 220 1764.48 III 160 2836.26 IV
250 328.74 III 700 762.003 V 750 1767.78 III 160 2921.45 IV
300 345.31 III 70 770.793 I 550 1768.24 III 200 2941.33 V
110 355.14 III 90 771.056 I 360 1771.67 III 210 2941.65 V
90 355.33 III 520 774.518 V 110 1773.00 III 80 2959.68 III
80 355.47 III 70 775.321 I 110 1773.85 III 265 2972.29 I
200 359.02 III 200 779.734 IV 220 1779.16 III 250 2983.78 III
190 359.22 III 315 779.821 IV 160 1781.03 III 80 3017.63 III
150 359.38 III 360 779.912 IV 160 1784.85 III 80 3023.45 III
210 373.80 III 200 779.997 IV 220 1789.66 III 80 3043.02 III
200 374.00 III 640 787.711 IV 110 1848.26 III 200 3047.13 III
300 374.08 III 520 790.109 IV 110 1856.62 III 110 3059.30 III
190 374.16 III 700 790.199 IV 285 1872.78 III 460 3063.42 IV
200 374.33 III 70 791.973 I 285 1872.87 III 410 3071.61 IV
210 374.44 III 300 796.66 II 285 1874.94 III 80 3121.71 III
450 395.558 III 200 802.200 IV 160 1920.04 III 160 3122.62 II
300 434.98 III 160 802.255 IV 110 1920.75 III 220 3129.44 II
800 507.391 III 90 804.267 I 110 1921.52 III 110 3132.86 III
900 507.683 III 70 804.848 I 220 1923.49 III 450 3134.82 II
1000 508.182 III 70 805.295 I 110 1923.82 III 285 3138.44 II
1000 525.795 III 80 805.810 I 110 1926.94 III 160 3144.66 V
250 537.83 II 240 832.762 II 360 2013.27 III 160 3209.66 IV
300 538.26 II 600 832.927 III 160 2026.96 III 80 3238.57 III
220 539.09 II 450 833.332 II 220 2045.67 III 200 3260.98 III
200 539.55 II 780 833.742 III 160 2052.74 III 300 3265.46 III
150 539.85 II 600 834.467 II 30 d 2283.42 II 80 3267.31 III
700 553.330 IV 600 835.096 III 30 d 2284.89 II 220 3270.98 II
775 554.075 IV 800 835.292 III 110 2293.32 II 220 3273.52 II
850 554.514 IV 40 877.879 I 200 2300.35 II 220 3277.69 II
700 555.261 IV 130 921.296 IV 30 d 2313.05 II 360 3287.59 II
700 597.818 III 160 921.366 IV 30 d 2316.12 II 160 3305.15 II
1000 599.598 III 80 922.008 I 30 d 2316.79 II 160 3306.60 II
580 608.398 IV 200 923.367 IV 50 d 2319.68 II 80 3312.30 III
110 609.70 III 130 923.433 IV 30 d 2322.15 II 110 3340.74 III
640 609.829 IV 90 935.193 I 30 d 2339.31 II 230 3348.08 IV
160 610.04 III 40 948.686 I 200 d 2390.44 III 270 3349.11 IV
200 610.75 III 90 971.738 I 80 2394.33 III 160 3354.27 IV
100 610.85 III 40 976.448 I 110 2411.60 II 200 3375.40 IV
270 616.952 IV 160 988.773 I 80 2422.84 III 220 3377.20 II
150 617.005 IV 40 990.204 I 80 2425.55 II 130 3378.06 IV
200 617.036 IV 250 1025.762 I 250 2433.56 II 360 3381.20 IV
520 624.617 IV 90 1027.431 I 80 d 2436.06 II 360 3385.52 IV
580 625.130 IV 160 1039.230 I 80 d 2438.83 III 285 3390.25 II
640 625.852 IV 60 1040.942 I 80 2444.26 II 270 3396.79 IV
1000 629.730 V 40 1152.152 I 300 2445.55 II 360 3403.52 IV
150 644.148 II 900 1302.168 I 200 2449.372 IV 220 3407.38 II
200 672.95 II 600 1304.858 I 200 2450.040 IV 230 3409.66 IV
150 673.77 II 300 1306.029 I 200 2454.99 III 160 3409.84 II
230 681.272 V 200 1338.612 IV 200 2493.44 IV 410 3411.69 IV
70 685.544 I 130 1342.992 IV 200 2493.77 IV 230 3413.64 IV
800 702.332 III 230 1343.512 IV 200 2507.73 IV 80 3444.10 III
800 702.822 III 640 1371.292 V 230 2509.19 IV 80 3455.12 III
900 702.899 III 160 1476.89 III 200 2517.2 IV 285 3470.81 II
1000 703.850 III 160 w 1506.72 V 200 2558.06 III 200 3489.83 IV
900 718.484 II 285 1590.01 III 80 2687.53 III 160 3492.24 IV
600 718.562 II 160 1591.33 III 110 2695.49 III 230 3560.39 IV
70 744.794 I 315 w 1643.68 V 300 2733.34 II 270 3563.33 IV
700 758.678 V 160 1707.996 V 110 2747.46 II 80 3698.70 III
640 759.441 V 220 1760.12 III 1000 2781.01 V 80 3702.75 III
580 760.228 V 110 1760.42 III 920 2786.99 V 80 3703.37 III


110 3707.24 III 50 4469.41 II 235 7947.55 I 540 11297.68 I
Atomic
220 3712.75 II 360 4590.97 II 210 7950.80 I 590 11302.38 I
110 3715.08 III 285 4596.17 II 185 7952.16 I 265 11358.69 I
315 w 3725.93 IV 80 d 4609.39 II 110 7981.94 I 490 12464.02 I
285 3727.33 II 160 4638.85 II 135 7982.40 I 450 12570.04 I
360 3729.03 IV 360 4641.81 II 190 7986.98 I 120 12990.77 I
410 3736.85 IV 450 4649.14 II 135 7987.33 I 160 13076.91 I
160 3739.92 II 160 4650.84 II 250 7995.07 I 700 13163.89 I
110 3744.00 III 360 4661.64 II 400 8221.82 I 750 13164.85 I
230 3744.89 IV 285 4676.23 II 265 8227.65 I 640 13165.11 I
360 3749.49 II 220 4699.21 II 265 8230.02 I 160 16212.06 I
150 3754.67 III 285 4705.36 II 325 8233.00 I 120 17966.70 I
80 3757.21 III 160 4924.60 II 120 8235.35 I 590 18021.21 I
250 3759.87 III 230 w 4930.27 V 120 8426.16 I 120 18041.48 I
110 3791.26 III 220 4943.06 II 810 8446.25 I 120 18042.19 I
160 3803.14 II 135 5329.10 I 1000 8446.36 I 120 18046.23 I
120 3823.41 I 160 5329.68 I 935 8446.76 I 140 18229.23 I
450 3911.96 II 190 5330.74 I 325 8820.43 I 540 18243.63 I
160 3919.29 II 90 5435.18 I 160 d 9057.01 I 140 26173.56 I
185 3947.29 I 110 5435.78 I 120 9118.29 I
Palladium Pd Z = 46
160 3947.48 I 135 5436.86 I 80 9134.71 I
200 705.49 III
140 3947.59 I 120 5577.34 I 80 9150.14 I
200 727.72 III
220 3954.37 II 110 5592.37 III 80 9151.48 I
500 763.06 III
100 3954.61 I 130 5597.91 V 235 9156.01 I
500 766.42 III
200 3961.59 III 160 5958.39 I 450 9260.81 I
2000 781.02 III
450 3973.26 II 190 5958.58 I 490 9260.84 I
500 794.08 III
220 3982.20 II 80 5995.28 I 450 9260.94 I
500 797.52 III
160 4069.90 II 160 6046.23 I 400 9262.58 I
500 800.03 III
285 4072.16 II 190 6046.44 I 540 9262.67 I
500 800.10 III
450 4075.87 II 110 6046.49 I 590 9262.77 I
500 803.67 III
80 d 4083.91 II 100 6106.27 I 490 9265.94 I
500 825.35 III
50 d 4087.14 II 400 6155.98 I 640 9266.01 I
500 840.58 III
150 d 4089.27 II 450 6156.77 I 185 9399.19 I
500 856.47 III
110 4097.24 II 490 6158.18 I 120 9481.16 I
500 864.04 III
220 4105.00 II 80 6256.83 I 120 d 9482.88 I
500 880.59 III
285 4119.22 II 100 6261.55 I 235 9487.43 I
500 888.84 III
100 4123.99 V 100 6366.34 I 140 9492.71 I
1000 889.29 III
160 4132.81 II 100 6374.32 I 265 9497.97 I
300 1596.89 III
50 4146.06 II 320 6453.60 I 160 9499.30 I
500 1741.62 III
220 4153.30 II 360 6454.44 I 235 9505.59 I
4000 1782.55 III
285 4185.46 II 400 6455.98 I 210 9521.96 I
400 1843.49 III
450 4189.79 II 130 6500.24 V 120 9523.36 I
1500 1851.59 III
80 4233.27 I 80 6604.91 I 120 9523.96 I
2000 1852.27 III
50 d 4253.74 II 100 6653.83 I 100 9528.28 I
1000 1859.21 III
50 d 4253.98 II 360 7001.92 I 100 9622.13 I
1500 1874.63 III
50 d 4275.47 II 450 7002.23 I 120 9625.29 I
2000 1885.83 III
50 d 4303.78 II 210 7156.70 I 160 9677.38 I
1000 1887.40 III
285 4317.14 II 400 7254.15 I 80 9694.66 I
1500 1891.34 III
160 4336.86 II 450 7254.45 I 65 9694.91 I
4000 1914.62 III
220 4345.56 II 320 7254.53 I 235 9741.50 I
1000 1930.33 III
285 4349.43 II 210 7476.44 I 235 9760.65 I
2000 1941.64 III
220 4366.90 II 100 7477.24 I 120 9909.05 I
800 2002.16 III
100 4368.25 I 120 7479.08 I 140 9936.98 I
1000 2004.47 III
220 4395.95 II 120 7480.67 I 120 9940.41 I
500 2055.11 III
450 4414.91 II 100 7706.75 I 160 9995.31 I
500 2149.82 III
285 4416.98 II 870 7771.94 I 120 d 10421.18 I
500 2177.55 III
160 4448.21 II 810 7774.17 I 590 11286.34 I
500 2177.63 III
160 4452.38 II 750 7775.39 I 640 11286.91 I
100 r 2231.59 II
50 4465.45 II 80 7886.27 I 490 11287.02 I
200 r 2296.53 II
50 d 4466.28 II 100 7943.15 I 490 11287.32 I
100 2426.87 II
50 4467.83 II 100 7947.17 I 490 11295.10 I
100 2430.94 II


100 2433.11 II 45 7915.80 I 25 1379.429 I 700 3175.09 V
Atomic
100 2435.32 II 55 8132.82 I 25 1381.469 I 520 3204.04 V

150 2446.17 II 45 8300.83 I 15 1381.637 I 300 3219.307 III
1100 2447.91 I 65 8761.35 I 500 1484.507 IV 400 3233.602 III
100 2457.29 II 400 1487.788 IV 650 3347.736 IV
Phosphorus P Z = 15
150 2469.29 II 350 1502.228 III 570 3364.467 IV
250 328.78 V
100 2471.18 II 80 1532.51 II 400 3371.122 IV
150 359.899 IV
1700 2476.42 I 120 1535.90 II 300 3957.641 III
500 388.318 IV
250 2486.52 II 450 1610.50 V 350 3978.307 III
250 389.50 V
300 2488.92 II 150 1618.632 III 400 4059.312 III
300 390.70 V
200 2498.81 II 200 1618.907 III 300 4080.084 III
300 445.158 IV
150 2505.73 II 140 1671.070 I 500 4222.195 III
375 475.60 V
150 2551.84 II 100 1671.510 I 350 4246.720 III
120 498.180 III
150 2565.51 II 180 1671.680 I 400 4420.71 II
520 542.57 V
100 2569.56 II 140 1672.035 I 250 4479.776 III
600 544.92 V
150 2658.75 II 140 1672.474 I 250 4540.288 IV
200 569.853 III
1900 2763.09 I 600 1674.591 I 250 4541.112 IV
200 581.831 III
150 h 2776.85 II 600 1679.695 I 500 4588.04 II
350 629.008 IV
100 h 2787.92 II 140 1685.976 I 500 4589.86 II
400 629.914 IV
200 2854.59 II 100 1694.028 I 600 4602.08 II
500 631.779 IV
100 h 2871.37 II 100 1694.486 I 300 4626.70 II
450 673.90 V
100 h 2878.01 II 100 1706.376 I 300 4658.31 II
10 810.24 II
520 2922.49 I 100 1707.553 I 500 4943.53 II
650 823.179 IV
650 3002.65 I 600 1774.951 I 300 4954.39 II
700 824.730 IV
1500 3027.91 I 500 1782.838 I 300 4969.71 II
800 827.932 IV
1100 3065.31 I 400 1787.656 I 100 5079.381 I
300 847.669 III
2600 3114.04 I 140 1834.801 I 100 5098.221 I
350 855.624 III
11000 3242.70 I 140 1847.165 I 100 5100.974 I
500 859.652 III
2700 3251.64 I 100 1849.820 I 140 5109.628 I
10 865.44 II
3500 3258.78 I 140 1851.194 I 140 5154.844 I
450 865.45 V
3600 3302.13 I 100 1852.069 I 180 5162.290 I
600 871.39 V
5000 3373.00 I 500 1858.886 I 300 5253.52 II
700 877.476 IV
24000 3404.58 I 400 1859.393 I 140 5293.539 I
300 913.971 III
13000 3421.24 I 140 1864.348 I 400 5296.13 II
300 917.120 III
5000 3433.45 I 650 1888.523 IV 250 5316.07 II
350 918.665 III
6400 3441.40 I 180 1905.481 I 300 5344.75 II
1000 950.655 IV
7700 3460.77 I 140 1906.403 I 180 5345.851 I
250 1003.598 III
10000 3481.15 I 280 1907.665 I 100 5364.631 I
570 1025.563 IV
2000 3489.77 I 280 2023.489 I 250 5378.20 II
500 1028.096 IV
12000 3516.94 I 180 2024.516 I 300 5386.88 II
570 1030.517 IV
12000 3553.08 I 400 2032.432 I 400 5425.91 II
500 1033.111 IV
4500 3571.16 I 400 2033.477 I 100 5428.094 I
500 1035.517 IV
20000 3609.55 I 400 2135.465 I 400 5450.74 II
900 1117.98 V
20000 3634.70 I 400 2136.182 I 140 5458.305 I
570 1118.551 IV
5500 3690.34 I 400 2149.145 I 180 5477.672 I
700 1128.01 V
1400 3718.91 I 280 2152.940 I 140 5477.860 I
20 1249.82 II
1500 3799.19 I 500 2154.080 I 140 5478.267 I
20 1301.87 II
1500 3832.29 I 180 2235.732 I 100 5514.774 I
20 1304.47 II
2200 3894.20 I 450 2440.93 V 100 5516.997 I
15 1304.68 II
1500 3958.64 I 250 2478.256 IV 250 5588.34 II
35 1305.48 II
290 4087.34 I 750 2533.976 I 500 6024.18 II
60 1310.70 II
2500 4212.95 I 950 2535.603 I 400 6034.04 II
500 1334.808 III
180 4473.59 I 750 2553.262 I 500 6043.12 II
650 1344.327 III
160 5163.84 I 500 2554.915 I 250 6055.50 II
300 1344.845 III
120 5295.63 I 250 2605.506 IV 150 6083.409 III
500 1366.695 IV
55 5542.80 I 300 2632.713 III 350 6087.82 II
15 1372.033 I
75 5670.07 I 400 2644.295 IV 180 6097.690 I
400 1372.674 IV
55 h 5695.09 I 400 2728.770 IV 350 6165.59 II
15 1373.500 I
65 6784.52 I 500 2739.309 IV 500 6199.024 I
10 1374.732 I
75 7368.12 I 250 2739.872 IV 180 6210.499 I
15 1377.080 I
120 7764.03 I 450 2978.55 V 140 6375.681 I
15 1377.937 I


100 6388.579 I 228 15962.53 I 240 2308.04 I 70 2738.48 I
Atomic
250 6435.32 II 296 16254.77 I 50 2310.96 II 70 2747.61 I
600 6459.99 II 203 16292.97 I 90 2315.50 I 80 2753.86 I
600 6503.46 II 1627 16482.92 I 220 2318.29 I 200 2754.92 I
600 6507.97 II 588 16590.07 I 100 2326.10 I 30 2769.84 I
100 6717.411 I 225 16613.05 I 170 2340.18 I 500 2771.67 I
150 6992.690 III 221 16738.68 I 280 2357.10 I 40 2773.24 I
100 7102.200 I 419 16803.39 I 180 2368.28 I 20 2774.00 I
100 7158.367 I 471 17112.48 I 50 2377.28 II 50 2774.77 II
180 7165.465 I 289 17286.91 I 130 2383.64 I 50 2793.27 I
180 7175.102 I 299 17423.67 I 40 2386.81 I 100 2794.21 II
180 7176.660 I 287 23844.97 I 120 2389.53 I 40 h 2799.98 II
200 7443.657 IV 311 29097.16 I 35 2396.17 I 140 2803.24 I
250 7845.63 II 70 2401.87 I 10 2808.51 I
Platinum Pt Z = 78
100 8046.801 I 200 2403.09 I 50 2818.25 I
30 1621.66 II
150 8113.528 III 100 2418.06 I 30 h 2822.27 II
30 1723.13 II
140 8278.058 I 50 2424.87 II 1400 2830.30 I
30 1751.70 II
100 8367.856 I 80 2428.04 I 70 2834.71 I
50 r 1777.09 II
140 8531.475 I 50 2428.20 I 16 2853.11 I
30 1781.86 II
140 8613.835 I 25 2429.10 I 80 h 2860.68 II
30 1879.09 II
180 8637.578 I 180 2436.69 I 40 h 2865.05 II
40 1883.05 II
400 8741.529 I 650 2440.06 I 40 h 2875.85 II
50 1889.52 II
100 8872.174 I 60 2450.97 I 100 h 2877.52 II
50 1911.70 II
180 9175.819 I 440 2467.44 I 25 2888.20 I
30 1929.25 II
950 9193.85 I 35 2471.01 I 25 2893.22 I
30 1929.68 II
600 9278.88 I 1000 2487.17 I 600 2893.86 I
30 1939.80 II
1250 9304.94 I 25 2488.74 II 300 2897.87 I
30 1949.90 II
500 9323.50 I 200 2490.12 I 60 2905.90 I
30 1983.74 II
950 9435.069 I 160 2495.82 I 120 2912.26 I
40 2014.93 II
950 9441.86 I 240 2498.50 I 120 2913.54 I
3200 2030.63 I
600 9452.83 I 50 2505.93 I 70 2919.34 I
4400 2032.41 I
1250 9493.56 I 120 2508.50 I 30 2921.38 I
100 2036.46 II
1700 9525.73 I 50 2514.07 I 1700 2929.79 I
40 2041.57 II
1500 9545.18 I 60 2515.03 I 30 2942.76 I
5500 2049.37 I
280 9556.81 I 240 2515.58 I 30 2944.75 I
1500 2067.50 I
1700 9563.439 I 140 2524.30 I 25 2959.10 I
3000 2084.59 I
280 9593.50 I 40 2529.41 I 60 2960.75 I
1000 2103.33 I
750 9609.04 I 50 2536.49 I 1800 2997.97 I
30 2115.57 II
400 9638.939 I 160 2539.20 I 35 3001.17 II
950 2128.61 I
500 9676.24 I 18 2549.46 I 220 3002.27 I
30 2130.69 II
180 9706.533 I 50 2552.25 I 30 3017.88 I
1900 2144.23 I
1500 9734.750 I 50 2596.00 I 30 h 3031.22 II
100 2144.24 II
280 9736.680 I 70 2603.14 I 130 3036.45 I
600 2165.17 I
1500 9750.77 I 30 2616.76 II 800 3042.64 I
1500 2174.67 I
600 9790.21 I 50 2619.57 I 3200 3064.71 I
30 2190.32 II
1700 9796.85 I 30 2625.34 II 30 3071.94 I
400 2202.22 I
280 9834.80 I 1100 2628.03 I 130 3100.04 I
50 h 2202.58 II
400 9903.68 I 130 2639.35 I 320 3139.39 I
320 2222.61 I
280 9976.67 I 1000 2646.89 I 140 3156.56 I
50 h 2233.11 II
229 10084.27 I 500 2650.86 I 120 3200.71 I
30 h 2240.99 II
458 10511.58 I 20 2658.17 I 320 3204.04 I
100 2245.52 II
962 10529.52 I 2800 2659.45 I 30 3230.29 I
150 2249.30 I
1235 10581.57 I 40 2674.57 I 20 3233.42 I
30 2251.52 II
415 10596.90 I 440 2677.15 I 20 3250.36 I
30 h 2251.92 II
435 10681.40 I 200 2698.43 I 40 3251.98 I
190 2268.84 I
265 10813.13 I 2000 2702.40 I 160 3255.92 I
30 h 2271.72 II
764 11183.23 I 1600 2705.89 I 25 3268.42 I
280 2274.38 I
402 11186.75 I 60 2713.13 I 25 3281.97 I
50 h 2287.50 II
479 14241.64 I 1300 2719.04 I 120 3290.22 I
30 2288.20 II
256 14307.83 I 130 2729.92 I 500 3301.86 I
150 2289.27 I
714 15711.52 I 1800 2733.96 I 60 3315.05 I
150 2292.40 I


35 3323.80 I 10000 7068.90 I 250 388.92 IV
10 514.94 III
Atomic
340 3408.13 I 10000 8691.94 I 250 389.07 IV

35 3427.93 I 3000 9533.07 I 50 520.61 III
250 389.07 V
60 3483.43 I 3000 12144.46 I 250 523.00 IV
250 390.11 V
160 3485.27 I 3000 16897.38 I 25 523.79 III
250 390.42 IV
120 3628.11 I 200 526.45 IV
300 390.57 IV
Polonium Po Z = 84 150 527.62 IV
70 3638.79 I 200 391.46 IV
1500 w 2450.08 I 40 529.80 III
70 3643.17 I 200 392.47 IV
1500 w 2558.01 I 15 539.71 III
50 3663.10 I 500 393.14 IV
2500 w 3003.21 I 15 546.12 III
80 3671.99 I 250 395.40 V
1200 4170.52 I 750 580.32 V
80 3674.04 I 200 398.36 V
800 4493.21 I 250 585.51 V
35 3699.91 I 15 398.63 III
500 8618.26 I 500 586.32 V
18 3706.53 I 200 398.88 V
80 3818.69 I Potassium K Z = 19 399.75 V 30 600.77 II
200
40 3900.73 I 100 214.35 V 400 400.21 IV 250 602.27 V
110 3922.96 I 150 271.82 IV 20 402.10 III 400 603.43 V
35 3948.40 I 100 273.06 IV 300 402.91 IV 25 607.93 II
100 3966.36 I 150 282.35 V 250 403.97 IV 30 612.62 II
20 3996.57 I 150 293.33 V 150 404.41 IV 250 638.67 V
110 4118.69 I 300 294.84 V 30 406.48 III 750 646.19 IV
80 4164.56 I 200 296.17 V 250 408.08 IV 300 687.50 V
40 4192.43 I 200 297.06 V 40 408.96 III 20 708.84 III
18 4327.06 I 200 300.25 V 50 413.79 III 300 720.43 V
18 4391.83 I 200 300.50 V 30 414.87 III 400 724.42 V
80 4442.55 I 200 311.24 V 250 415.05 V 600 731.86 V
14 4445.55 I 250 312.77 V 200 415.79 V 500 737.14 IV
25 4498.76 I 200 315.18 V 30 416.00 III 500 741.95 IV
12 4520.90 I 250 327.38 V 150 417.28 IV 500 745.26 IV
35 4552.42 I 25 330.68 III 30 417.54 III 400 746.35 IV
12 4879.53 I 300 340.46 IV 30 418.62 III 300 749.99 IV
14 5044.04 I 150 340.74 IV 400 422.18 V 150 754.19 IV
30 5059.48 I 30 341.92 III 300 425.16 V 400 754.67 IV
35 5227.66 I 15 348.00 III 500 425.59 V 20 765.31 III
40 5301.02 I 200 349.50 V 75 434.72 III 30 765.64 III
12 5368.99 I 300 354.93 IV 50 435.68 III 150 770.29 V
12 5390.79 I 150 356.26 IV 250 438.02 V 150 771.46 V
14 5475.77 I 300 359.73 IV 25 441.81 II 35 778.53 III
14 5478.50 I 200 359.91 IV 200 442.30 IV 20 872.31 III
6 5763.57 I 250 362.08 IV 300 443.57 IV 10 873.86 III
20 5840.12 I 150 362.15 IV 75 444.34 III 15 874.04 III
8 5844.84 I 150 363.02 IV 200 445.61 IV 6 2550.02 III
6 6026.04 I 500 372.15 V 250 446.83 IV 5 2635.11 III
7 6318.37 I 200 372.46 V 75 448.60 III 5 2689.90 III
8 6326.58 I 200 372.77 V 750 448.60 IV 5 2938.45 III
9 6523.45 I 300 375.96 IV 200 449.71 V 5 2986.20 III
10 6710.42 I 300 375.96 V 200 452.90 V 6 2992.42 III
20 6760.02 I 250 377.76 V 250 455.67 V 6 3052.07 III
60 6842.60 I 30 379.12 III 400 456.33 IV 5 3056.84 III
20 7113.73 I 300 379.12 V 400 456.33 V 5 3062.18 II
10 8224.74 I 300 379.88 IV 75 466.79 III 4 3101.79 I
25 380.48 III 100 470.09 III 3 3102.04 I
Plutonium Pu Z = 94 7 3217.16 I
250 380.48 IV 75 471.57 III
10000 2806.11 II 6 3217.62 I
200 381.70 IV 45 474.92 III
10000 2950.06 II 11 3446.37 I
30 382.23 III 10 476.03 II
10000 3000.31 II 10 3447.38 I
300 382.23 IV 40 479.18 III
10000 3200.23 II 3 3648.84 I
150 382.49 IV 10 482.11 III
10000 3418.88 II 4 3648.98 I
200 382.65 IV 10 482.41 III
10000 3805.93 I 18 4044.14 I
300 382.91 IV 200 482.71 V
10000 4097.12 I 17 4047.21 I
250 384.10 IV 200 483.75 V
10000 4170.95 I 10 4641.88 I
200 386.61 IV 30 495.14 II
10000 4367.41 I 11 4642.37 I
300 387.80 V 75 497.10 III
10000 5590.54 I


4 4740.91 I 8 10487.11 I 680 3880.47 II 620 4171.82 II
Atomic
6 4744.35 I 17 11019.87 I 440 c 3885.19 II 730 4172.25 II
5 4753.93 I 16 11022.67 I 440 c 3889.34 II 5200 4179.39 II
7 4757.39 I 17 11690.21 I 770 c 3908.05 II 2500 4189.48 II
5 4786.49 I 16 11769.62 I 630 3912.90 II 560 c 4191.60 II
7 4791.05 I 17 11772.83 I 310 3913.55 II 2500 c 4206.72 II
6 4799.75 I 12522.11 I 1300 c 3918.85 II 500 4208.32 II
8 4804.35 I 13377.86 I 420 3919.63 II 320 4211.86 II
7 4849.86 I 13397.09 I 960 3925.47 II 320 4217.81 II
8 4856.09 I 15163.08 I 480 3927.46 II 3800 4222.93 II
8 4863.48 I 15168.40 I 370 3929.29 II 3800 4225.35 II
9 4869.76 I 40158.37 I 370 3935.82 II 320 4233.11 II
8 4942.02 I 730 c 3947.63 II 320 c 4236.15 II
Praseodymium Pr Z = 59
9 4950.82 I 900 c 3949.43 II 960 4241.01 II
7000 865.90 V
9 4956.15 I 900 c 3953.51 II 340 4243.51 II
5000 869.17 V
10 4965.03 I 380 3956.75 II 840 c 4247.63 II
2000 1228.59 IV
10 5084.23 I 470 3962.45 II 500 4254.40 II
5000 1293.22 IV
11 5097.17 I 560 3964.26 II 320 4269.09 II
5000 1295.28 IV
11 5099.20 I 1600 c 3964.81 II 790 c 4272.27 II
5000 1321.36 IV
12 5112.25 I 560 c 3966.57 II 470 c 4280.07 II
5000 1333.57 IV
12 5323.28 I 500 3971.16 II 790 c 4282.42 II
5000 1354.66 IV
13 5339.69 I 320 3971.67 II 450 c 4298.98 II
2000 1360.64 IV
12 5342.97 I 620 c 3972.14 II 1500 4305.76 II
2000 1365.77 IV
14 5359.57 I 320 3974.85 II 1300 4333.97 II
5000 1374.41 IV
16 5782.38 I 1300 c 3989.68 II 360 4338.70 II
5000 1435.56 IV
17 5801.75 I 340 3992.16 II 620 cw 4344.30 II
2000 1520.98 IV
15 5812.15 I 1600 3994.79 II 470 c 4347.49 II
5000 1574.55 IV
17 5831.89 I 560 c 3997.04 II 340 4350.40 II
5000 1575.10 IV
8 6120.27 II 320 3999.12 II 450 4354.91 II
3000 1578.38 IV
7 6307.29 II 620 c 4000.17 II 410 c 4359.79 II
2000 1622.30 IV
19 6911.08 I 730 4004.70 II 1200 4368.33 II
10000 1884.87 IV
12 6936.28 I 1900 4008.69 II 320 4371.62 II
2000 2083.23 IV
20 6938.77 I 620 4010.60 II 430 4405.83 II
3300 2246.20 V
7 6964.18 I 730 4015.39 II 1700 4408.82 II
2000 c 2378.98 IV
12 6964.67 I 620 4020.96 II 410 4413.77 II
40 h 2598.04 II
25 7664.90 I 470 4022.71 II 1200 c 4429.13 II
100 h 2707.37 II
24 7698.96 I 360 4025.54 II 730 4449.83 II
60 2760.35 II
5 7955.37 I 360 c 4029.72 II 960 4468.66 II
270 3168.24 II
4 7956.83 I 730 c 4031.75 II 1100 4496.46 II
200 d 3195.99 II
7 8078.11 I 960 4033.83 II 790 4510.15 II
190 3219.48 II
6 8079.62 I 730 4038.45 II 340 c 4534.15 II
200 3584.21 II
9 8250.18 I 470 4039.34 II 340 4535.92 II
250 3645.66 II
8 8251.74 I 1300 4044.81 II 270 c 4628.74 II
250 3646.30 II
3 8390.22 I 340 4047.08 II 270 c 4672.09 II
370 3668.83 II
11 8503.45 I 450 4051.13 II 290 4695.77 I
290 3714.05 II
10 8505.11 I 2200 4054.88 II 250 4736.69 I
410 3739.18 II
4 8763.96 I 2200 4056.54 II 200 4924.60 I
680 3761.87 II
3 8767.05 I 450 4058.80 II 320 4939.74 I
680 3800.30 II
13 8902.19 I 3400 4062.81 II 380 4951.37 I
390 3811.84 II
12 8904.02 I 500 c 4079.77 II 270 5034.41 II
1300 h 3816.02 II
5 8923.31 I 500 c 4080.98 II 320 5045.52 I
680 3818.28 II
4 8925.44 I 790 4081.85 II 360 5110.38 II
310 3821.80 II
7 9347.24 I 500 4083.34 II 560 5110.76 II
960 3830.72 II
3 9349.25 I 560 4096.82 II 410 5129.52 II
480 3840.99 II
6 9351.59 I 380 4098.40 II 620 5173.90 II
580 3846.59 II
15 9595.70 I 2900 c 4100.72 II 360 5206.55 II
1200 3850.79 II
14 9597.83 I 1700 c 4118.46 II 360 5219.05 II
720 c 3851.55 II
6 9949.67 I 340 4130.77 II 560 5220.11 II
960 3852.80 II
5 9954.14 I 1500 c 4141.22 II 680 5259.73 II
480 c 3865.45 II
9 10479.63 I 2700 4143.11 II 340 c 5292.02 II
480 3876.19 II
5 10482.15 I 1700 c 4164.16 II 340 5292.62 II
1700 c 3877.18 II


430 5322.76 II 1000 3957.74 II 3000 7076.27 I 4900 2167.94 I
Atomic
65 5509.15 II 1000 r 3998.96 II 3000 h 7100.94 I 3400 2176.21 I

150 5535.17 II 1000 4417.96 II 10000 s 7114.89 I 4200 c 2214.26 II
110 5623.05 II 900 r 4728.36 I 3000 h 7171.55 I 5200 c 2275.25 II
90 5624.45 II 900 6100.21 I 3000 7227.13 I 2900 2287.51 I
90 5756.17 II 1000 d 6520.45 I 3000 7318.79 I 2700 2294.49 I
90 5779.28 I 10000 l 7368.25 I 390 2298.09 II
Protactinium Pa Z = 91
160 d 5815.17 II 3000 h 7471.89 I 610 2302.99 I
3000 2599.16 II
90 5823.72 II 10000 h 7493.15 I 680 2306.54 I
3000 2699.22 II
90 5859.68 II 3000 h 7558.26 I 800 2322.49 I
3000 2822.79 II
160 5939.90 II 10000 h 7608.20 I 300 2328.66 I
3000 h 2871.42 II
7000 w 5956.05 III 10000 7626.79 I 860 2344.78 I
3000 h 2891.14 II
90 5956.60 II 10000 s 7635.18 I 230 2349.39 I
3000 l 3011.10 II
110 5967.82 II 10000 7669.34 I 680 2352.07 I
3000 s 3033.59 II
90 6006.33 II 3000 7679.20 I 250 2356.50 I
3000 l 3071.24 II
150 6017.80 II 10000 h 7749.19 I 1200 2365.90 I
3000 l 3093.23 II
150 6025.72 II 3000 7872.95 I 570 2367.68 I
3000 l 3126.23 II
140 6055.13 I 3000 l 7945.56 I 520 2369.27 I
3000 l 3146.28 II
65 6087.52 II 10000 8039.34 I 220 2370.76 II
3000 l 3170.89 II
9000 w 6090.02 III 10000 h 8099.84 I 320 2375.07 I
3000 l 3171.54 II
65 6114.38 II 10000 8199.04 I 370 2379.77 I
3000 l 3240.58 II
65 6148.23 I 10000 8271.87 I 340 2388.57 I
3000 3274.46 II
5000 6160.24 III 3000 s 8358.98 I 230 2393.65 I
3000 l 3332.69 II
190 6161.18 II 3000 s 8369.60 I 320 2394.37 I
3000 s 3346.66 II
270 6165.94 II 3000 h 8441.04 I 320 2396.79 I
3000 l 3452.82 II
45 6244.35 II 10000 h 8532.66 I 210 d 2400.72 I
3000 3504.97 I
110 6281.28 II 10000 s 8572.96 I 210 2401.68 I
3000 s 3530.65 II
55 c 6359.03 I 3000 h 8639.91 I 1500 2405.06 I
3000 3570.56 I
55 6411.23 I 3000 h 8653.51 I 740 2405.60 I
3000 3571.82 I
45 6429.63 II 10000 8735.27 I 320 2406.70 I
3000 3618.07 I
45 6431.84 II 3000 10923.32 I 270 2410.37 I
10000 3636.52 I
45 6486.55 I 10000 11791.73 I 1200 2419.81 I
3000 3702.74 I
45 6566.77 II 10000 14344.76 I 300 2421.73 I
3000 3752.67 I
55 6616.67 I 3000 18478.61 I 300 2421.88 I
3000 3873.35 I
75 6656.83 II 2500 2428.58 I
3000 3931.83 I Radium Ra Z = 88
55 6673.41 II 490 2431.54 I
3000 s 3952.62 II 100 3649.55 II
75 6673.78 II 420 2432.18 I
10000 l 3957.85 II 200 3814.42 II
35 c 6747.09 I 340 c 2441.47 I
3000 s 3970.07 II 100 4340.64 II
55 cw 6798.60 I 230 2442.51 I
3000 3981.82 I 100 4682.28 II
35 cw 6827.60 II 250 2444.94 I
10000 3982.23 I 100 4825.91 I
7000 6910.14 III 610 2446.98 I
3000 l 4012.96 II 50 5660.81 I
40 7021.51 II 610 2449.71 I
3000 s 4018.21 II 50 7141.21 I
5000 7030.39 III 390 2461.20 I
3000 4030.16 II 50 8019.70 II
4500 7076.62 III 800 c 2461.84 II
3000 s 4046.93 II
20 7114.55 I Radon Rn Z = 86 1200 2483.92 I
10000 s 4056.20 II
24 7227.70 II 100 4349.60 I 390 2485.81 I
10000 s 4070.40 II
16 7407.56 II 200 7055.42 I 980 2487.33 I
3000 l 4176.18 II
20 c 7451.74 II 100 7268.11 I 370 2496.04 I
10000 l 4217.23 II
14 7541.02 II 300 7450.00 I 370 2501.72 I
10000 s 4248.08 II
20 7645.66 II 100 7809.82 I 570 2502.35 II
3000 s 4291.34 II
16 7721.84 I 100 8099.51 I 230 2504.60 II
3000 s 4601.43 II
14 7871.67 I 100 8270.96 I 270 2505.94 I
3000 l 6035.78 I
14 8067.44 I 100 8600.07 I 1800 c 2508.99 I
3000 6162.56 I
10 cw 8122.78 II 570 2520.01 I
3000 l 6358.61 I Rhenium Re Z = 75
11 8141.10 I 540 2521.50 I
3000 6379.25 I 25000 2003.53 I
5000 w 8602.74 III 370 2534.80 I
3000 l 6438.97 I 16000 2017.87 I
10 8714.59 II 570 2540.51 I
3000 h 6792.75 I 27000 2049.08 I
740 d 2544.74 I
Promethium Pm Z = 61 10000 6945.72 I 10000 2085.59 I
370 2545.48 I
1000 3892.15 II 3000 6960.09 I 9800 2097.12 I
300 2552.02 I
1000 3910.26 II 3000 h 6961.78 I 3400 2139.04 II
370 2554.63 II
1000 3919.10 II 3000 s 6992.73 I 3700 2156.67 I


1000 2556.51 I 320 3069.94 I 240 3453.50 I 110 c 5752.93 I
Atomic
250 2559.08 I 260 3071.16 I 55000 c 3460.46 I 110 cw 5776.83 I
340 2564.19 I 550 3082.43 I 40000 c 3464.73 I 550 5834.31 I
540 2568.64 II 340 3088.76 I 400 3467.96 I 200 6307.70 I
370 2571.81 II 700 3100.67 I 240 3476.44 I 200 6321.90 I
380 2586.79 I 700 3108.81 I 400 3480.38 I 100 cw 6605.19 I
290 2599.86 I 340 3110.86 I 320 3480.85 I 180 c 6813.41 I
290 2603.89 I 340 c 3118.19 I 240 3482.23 I 260 6829.90 I
660 2608.50 II 340 3121.36 I 560 3503.06 I 50 cw 7640.94 I
610 d 2611.54 I 420 3128.94 I 320 3516.65 I 65 cw 7912.94 I
310 2635.83 II 260 3134.02 I 320 3517.33 I
Rhodium Rh Z = 45
550 2636.64 I 250 3141.38 I 320 3537.46 I
50 813.44 III
270 2642.75 I 440 3151.64 I 240 3549.89 I
80 882.51 III
270 2649.05 I 330 3153.79 I 240 3570.26 I
100 925.75 III
660 2651.90 I 360 c 3158.31 I 360 3579.12 I
150 937.28 III
400 2654.12 I 220 3164.52 I 810 c 3580.15 II
500 991.62 III
220 2663.63 I 700 3168.37 I 650 3580.97 I
400 992.48 III
940 2674.34 I 220 3174.61 I 810 3583.02 I
500 d 1009.60 III
220 2688.53 I 440 3177.71 I 320 3617.08 I
200 1012.22 III
1300 2715.47 I 260 3178.61 I 810 3637.84 I
200 1015.17 III
220 2732.21 I 600 3182.87 I 440 3651.97 I
200 1073.87 III
610 2733.04 II 1100 3184.76 I 320 3670.53 I
150 1784.24 III
220 2758.00 I 1100 3185.57 I 860 c 3689.50 I
200 1784.94 III
210 2763.79 I 260 3190.78 I 1500 c 3691.48 I
150 1796.50 III
310 2767.74 I 260 3192.36 I 520 3703.24 I
200 1816.03 III
220 2768.85 I 220 3198.58 I 240 3709.93 I
1000 1832.05 III
220 2769.32 I 1100 c 3204.25 I 360 c 3717.28 I
500 1859.85 III
350 2770.42 I 380 3235.94 I 4000 3725.76 I
800 1880.66 III
550 2783.57 I 600 3258.85 I 240 c 3735.01 I
500 1884.91 III
220 2791.29 I 600 3259.55 I 810 3735.31 I
500 1887.36 III
220 2814.68 I 300 3268.89 I 910 3740.10 I
700 1888.62 III
880 2819.95 I 280 3296.70 I 300 cw 3745.44 I
800 1901.32 III
310 2834.08 I 280 3296.99 I 700 3787.52 I
500 1910.16 III
220 2843.00 I 280 3301.60 I 240 3869.94 I
600 1919.37 III
270 2850.98 I 240 3302.23 I 240 3875.26 I
500 1927.07 III
240 2867.19 I 320 3303.21 II 240 3876.86 I
700 1931.79 III
2900 2887.68 I 280 3303.75 I 380 c 3917.27 I
500 1954.25 III
490 2896.01 I 240 3313.95 I 550 3929.85 I
500 1994.26 III
830 c 2902.48 I 600 3322.48 I 280 3961.04 I
800 2013.71 III
210 2905.58 I 2000 3338.18 I 350 c 3962.48 I
500 2017.47 III
550 2909.82 I 1600 3342.24 I 220 4033.31 I
500 2028.53 III
830 c 2927.42 I 810 3344.32 I 240 4081.43 I
800 2036.72 III
270 2930.61 I 320 3346.20 I 240 c 4110.89 I
600 2037.61 III
440 2943.14 I 240 d 3356.33 I 240 cw 4133.42 I
1000 2040.18 III
270 2962.27 I 240 3377.74 I 1800 4136.45 I
3000 2048.67 III
720 2965.11 I 320 3379.06 II 700 4144.36 I
2000 2064.11 III
1500 2965.76 I 320 3379.70 I 220 4182.90 I
800 2076.84 III
310 2976.29 I 240 3389.43 I 220 4183.06 I
1000 2118.53 III
210 2978.15 I 4000 3399.30 I 650 4221.08 I
1000 2118.63 III
220 2980.82 I 650 3404.72 I 3600 c 4227.46 I
1000 2139.44 III
220 2982.19 I 650 3405.89 I 260 c 4257.60 I
1000 2152.23 III
220 2988.47 I 240 3408.67 I 380 4358.69 I
3000 2158.17 III
1800 2992.36 I 320 3409.83 I 360 cw 4394.38 I
3000 2163.19 III
5500 2999.60 I 320 3417.77 I 2600 4513.31 I
3000 2167.33 III
350 3001.14 I 810 3419.41 I 260 4516.64 I
150 2276.21 II
220 3004.14 I 8000 3424.62 I 500 4522.73 I
140 2288.57 I
500 3016.02 I 400 3426.19 I 2200 cw 4889.14 I
110 2309.82 I
300 3016.49 I 300 3427.61 I 220 4923.90 I
350 2322.58 I
380 3030.45 I 320 3437.71 I 1300 5270.95 I
140 2326.47 I
240 3047.25 I 400 3449.37 I 1600 cw 5275.56 I
190 2334.77 II
1600 3067.40 I 16000 c 3451.88 I 100 5667.88 I
300 2361.92 I


110 2368.34 I 2300 3280.55 I 240 3754.12 I 16 6253.72 I
Atomic
270 2382.89 I 2300 3283.57 I 380 3754.27 I 29 6319.53 I

230 2383.40 I 280 3289.14 I 490 3755.58 I 40 6752.35 I
270 2386.14 II 210 3294.28 I 1000 3760.40 I 13 6827.33 I
80 2415.84 II 260 3300.46 I 2300 3765.08 I 11 6857.68 I
130 2427.68 I 50 3310.69 III 490 3769.97 I 20 6879.94 I
230 2429.52 I 4200 3323.09 I 380 3778.13 I 65 6965.67 I
110 2437.90 I 330 3338.54 I 1000 3788.47 I 16 6979.15 I
330 2440.34 I 280 3360.80 I 1300 3792.18 I 16 7001.58 I
90 2461.04 II 420 3368.38 I 3800 3793.22 I 18 7101.64 I
130 2473.09 I 1100 3372.25 I 4900 3799.31 I 15 7104.45 I
150 2487.47 I 110 3377.14 I 760 3805.92 I 18 7268.18 I
100 2490.77 II 110 3385.78 I 1300 3806.76 I 35 7270.82 I
130 2502.46 I 5600 3396.82 I 470 3815.01 I 18 h 7442.39 I
300 2504.29 II 820 3399.70 I 760 3816.47 I 12 7475.74 I
150 2505.67 I 160 3406.55 I 1300 3818.19 I 12 7495.24 I
350 2509.70 I 820 3412.27 I 3800 3822.26 I 11 7557.67 I
300 2511.03 II 330 3421.22 I 2300 3828.48 I 29 7791.61 I
200 2515.75 I 120 d 3424.38 I 2000 3833.89 I 55 7824.91 I
130 2520.53 II 8200 3434.89 I 5900 3856.52 I 21 8029.91 I
110 2537.04 II 1400 3440.53 I 490 3870.01 I 29 8045.36 I
350 2545.70 I 120 3447.74 I 380 3877.34 I 15 8136.20 I
550 2555.36 I 120 3450.29 I 120 3913.51 I 8 8425.59 I
150 2622.58 I 400 3455.22 I 240 3922.19 I
Rubidium Rb Z = 37
230 2625.88 I 180 3457.07 I 2000 3934.23 I
30 465.85 III
100 2630.42 I 220 3457.93 I 590 3942.72 I
40 481.118 II
110 2647.28 I 5900 3462.04 I 3800 3958.86 I
500 482.83 III
400 2652.66 I 180 3469.62 I 45 3964.54 II
500 489.66 III
100 2680.63 I 4700 3470.66 I 380 3975.31 I
600 493.48 III
400 2703.73 I 120 3472.25 I 240 3984.40 I
90 497.430 II
100 2715.31 II 4700 3474.78 I 240 3995.61 I
20 508.434 II
180 2718.54 I 2100 3478.91 I 380 3996.15 I
150 513.266 II
160 2728.94 I 110 3494.44 I 120 4023.14 I
300 530.173 II
100 2771.51 I 1200 3498.73 I 560 4082.78 I
75 533.801 II
130 2783.03 I 5900 3502.52 I 140 4097.52 I
1200 535.86 III
150 2826.43 I 2800 3507.32 I 120 4119.68 I
40 542.887 II
180 2826.68 I 8800 3528.02 I 1100 4121.68 I
200 555.036 II
280 2862.94 I 880 d 3538.14 I 1500 4128.87 I
1200 556.19 III
110 2878.66 I 280 3541.91 I 2100 4135.27 I
1500 566.71 III
140 2882.37 I 1200 3543.95 I 240 4154.37 I
1000 572.82 III
160 2907.21 I 1800 3549.54 I 330 4196.50 I
1500 576.65 III
65 2910.17 II 1200 3570.18 I 3300 4211.14 I
2500 579.63 III
180 2924.02 I 4700 3583.10 I 820 4288.71 I
1500 581.26 III
130 2929.11 I 4700 3596.19 I 4200 4374.80 I
2500 589.419 II
130 2931.94 I 5900 3597.15 I 130 4569.00 I
1000 594.94 III
230 2968.66 I 3100 3612.47 I 150 4675.03 I
1300 595.88 III
160 2977.68 I 1800 3626.59 I 70 4745.11 I
1200 598.49 III
450 2986.20 I 8200 3657.99 I 70 5090.63 I
1500 643.878 II
110 3004.46 I 1300 3666.22 I 60 5155.54 I
25 663.76 IV
50 3006.43 III 560 3681.04 I 60 5175.97 I
3000 697.049 II
130 3023.91 I 1900 3690.70 I 95 5193.14 I
6000 711.187 II
50 3052.44 III 9400 3692.36 I 130 5354.40 I
25 716.24 IV
180 3083.96 I 940 3695.52 I 95 5390.44 I
50 740.85 IV
140 3121.76 I 280 3698.26 I 160 5599.42 I
10000 741.456 II
240 3123.70 I 380 3698.60 I 40 5686.38 I
5000 769.04 III
130 3155.78 I 7600 3700.91 I 29 5792.66 I
25 776.89 IV
140 3189.05 I 940 3713.02 I 40 5806.91 I
2500 815.28 III
470 3191.19 I 650 3735.28 I 35 5831.58 I
15 850.18 IV
190 3197.13 I 420 3737.27 I 130 5983.60 I
1000 1604.12 II
520 3263.14 I 420 3744.17 I 35 6102.72 I
5000 1760.50 II
520 3271.61 I 1200 3748.22 I 14 6199.99 I
2000 2068.92 II


10000 2075.95 II 40 l 8271.41 I 110 2517.32 II 650 3669.49 I
Atomic
30000 2143.83 II 30 8271.71 I 150 2535.59 II 550 3726.10 I
10000 2217.08 II 40 l 8868.512 I 550 2549.58 I 8700 3726.93 I
5000 2291.71 II 30 8868.852 I 370 2609.06 I 11000 3728.03 I
50000 2472.20 II 30 l 9522.65 I 830 2612.07 I 7100 3730.43 I
1000 2631.75 III 20 l 9540.18 I 460 2642.96 I 3500 3742.28 I
2000 2956.07 III 2000 c 9689.05 II 330 2651.84 I 870 3742.78 I
500 3086.84 III 35 l 10075.282 I 400 2659.62 I 2800 3745.59 I
500 3111.36 III 30 l 10075.708 I 330 2661.61 II 760 3753.54 I
5000 c 3148.90 II 100 13235.17 I 690 2678.76 II 870 3755.93 I
25 3157.54 I 20 13442.81 I 330 2692.06 II 1200 3759.84 I
50 3227.98 I 30 13443.57 I 200 2712.41 II 600 3761.51 I
500 3286.41 III 75 13665.01 I 690 2719.52 I 600 3767.35 I
60 3348.72 I 1000 14752.41 I 140 2725.47 II 1500 3777.59 I
75 3350.82 I 800 15288.43 I 310 2734.35 II 600 3782.74 I
100 3587.05 I 150 15289.48 I 1800 2735.72 I 3900 3786.06 I
40 3591.57 I 20 22529.65 I 100 2778.38 II 6000 3790.51 I
5000 3600.60 II 4 27314.31 I 110 2787.83 II 760 3798.05 I
10000 3600.64 II 350 2810.03 I 7600 3798.90 I
Ruthenium Ru Z = 44
25000 3940.51 II 1700 2810.55 I 7600 3799.35 I
250 850.09 III
1000 4201.80 I 350 2818.36 I 600 3812.72 I
200 850.30 III
500 4215.53 I 400 2829.16 I 760 3817.27 I
250 919.74 III
90000 4244.40 II 640 2854.07 I 760 3819.03 I
500 940.09 III
15000 4273.14 II 420 2861.41 I 650 3822.09 I
500 966.54 III
20000 4571.77 II 550 2866.64 I 550 3824.93 I
750 974.14 III
10000 4648.57 II 1800 2874.98 I 760 3831.80 I
900 979.43 III
30000 4775.95 II 740 2886.54 I 930 3839.70 I
500 981.35 III
2 5087.987 I 370 2908.88 I 760 3850.43 I
900 986.84 III
2 5132.471 I 1100 2916.26 I 1300 3857.55 I
900 994.56 III
10 5150.134 I 180 2945.67 II 650 3862.69 I
300 1001.65 III
10000 5152.08 II 370 2949.50 I 1300 3867.84 I
500 1009.13 III
1 5165.023 I 550 2965.16 I 650 3892.21 I
900 1009.87 III
2 5165.142 I 170 2965.55 II 760 3909.08 I
500 1014.68 III
15 5195.278 I 140 2976.59 II 1500 3923.47 I
800 1190.51 III
2 5233.968 I 550 2976.92 I 3300 3925.92 I
500 1200.07 III
20 5260.034 I 1400 2988.95 I 600 3931.76 I
500 1207.17 III
1 5260.228 I 460 2994.96 I 760 3945.57 I
500 1209.77 III
3 5322.380 I 440 3006.59 I 600 3978.44 I
300 1211.31 III
40 5362.601 I 330 3017.24 I 600 3979.42 I
500 1941.35 III
4 5390.568 I 310 3020.88 I 870 3984.86 I
500 2009.28 III
75 5431.532 I 390 3064.84 I 1500 4022.16 I
2400 2076.43 I
3 5431.830 I 330 3096.57 I 600 4023.83 I
2600 2083.77 I
6 5578.788 I 830 3099.28 I 1400 4051.40 I
2400 2090.89 I
40 5647.774 I 740 3100.84 I 710 4054.05 I
690 2255.52 I
20 5653.750 I 490 3294.11 I 760 4068.37 I
780 2272.09 I
60 5724.121 I 370 3301.59 I 980 4076.73 I
780 2279.57 I
3 5724.614 I 930 3339.55 I 6000 4080.60 I
480 2317.80 I
75 6070.755 I 3100 3417.35 I 930 4097.79 I
120 2334.96 II
30 c 6159.626 I 4900 3428.31 I 1900 4112.74 I
190 h 2342.85 II
75 c 6206.309 I 6400 3436.74 I 2000 4144.16 I
310 2351.33 I
120 c 6298.325 I 8300 3498.94 I 650 4145.74 I
170 2357.91 II
5 6299.224 I 640 3514.49 I 870 4167.51 I
780 2402.72 II
10000 6458.33 II 790 3539.37 I 550 4197.58 I
150 2407.92 II
5000 6560.81 II 690 3570.59 I 550 4198.88 I
180 2455.53 II
100 l 7279.997 I 6400 3589.22 I 7600 4199.90 I
150 2456.44 II
150 7408.173 I 6900 3593.02 I 1500 4206.02 I
370 2456.57 II
200 l 7618.933 I 6400 3596.18 I 5400 4212.06 I
280 2478.93 II
300 7757.651 I 1300 3599.76 I 760 4214.44 I
140 2498.42 II
60 7759.436 I 3100 3634.93 I 930 4217.27 I
140 2498.57 II
90000 c 7800.27 I 6200 3661.35 I 550 4230.31 I
260 2507.01 II
45000 c 7947.60 I 830 3663.37 I 760 4241.05 I
110 2513.32 II


760 4243.06 I 26 6982.01 I 480 3854.56 I 730 4716.10 I
Atomic
760 4284.33 I 26 7027.98 I 400 3858.74 I 770 4728.42 I

550 4295.93 I 35 7238.92 I 3700 3885.29 II 470 4745.68 II
3700 4297.71 I 16 7393.93 I 1600 3896.98 II 730 4760.27 I
930 4307.60 I 18 7468.91 I 1300 3903.42 II 580 4783.10 I
550 4319.87 I 26 7485.79 I 2500 3922.40 II 350 4785.86 I
550 4342.07 I 70 7499.75 I 1900 3928.28 II 970 4841.70 I
710 4354.13 I 26 7559.61 I 1300 3941.87 II 730 4883.97 I
870 4361.21 I 18 7621.50 I 470 3951.89 I 630 4910.40 I
2400 4372.21 I 18 7722.87 I 1500 3963.00 II 350 4913.25 II
870 4385.39 I 22 7791.86 I 1500 3971.40 II 430 4918.99 I
1300 4385.65 I 30 7847.80 I 620 3974.66 I 400 5044.28 I
1700 4390.44 I 80 7881.49 I 1000 3976.43 II 540 5071.20 I
1600 4410.03 I 18 8264.96 I 1500 3990.00 II 510 5117.16 I
1100 4460.04 I 22 8710.84 I 1400 4064.58 II 350 5122.14 I
5400 4554.51 I 1000 4092.27 II 360 5155.03 II
Samarium Sm Z = 62
1700 4584.44 I 1900 4118.55 II 470 5175.42 I
150 2789.38 II
720 4647.61 I 1200 4152.21 II 250 5200.59 I
410 3152.52 II
1400 4709.48 I 1000 4188.13 II 260 5251.92 I
720 3183.92 II
500 4757.84 I 1100 4203.05 II 400 5271.40 I
600 3211.73 II
550 4869.15 I 1000 4225.33 II 250 5282.91 I
530 3216.85 II
160 5011.23 I 1200 4236.74 II 220 5453.00 I
600 3218.61 II
450 5057.33 I 2100 4256.39 II 230 5493.72 I
720 3230.56 II
120 5076.32 I 1300 4262.68 II 230 5516.09 I
720 3236.64 II
200 5093.83 I 1200 4279.68 II 140 5550.40 I
720 3239.66 II
530 5136.55 I 2200 4280.79 II 140 5659.86 I
720 3250.37 II
170 5142.76 I 710 4282.21 I 120 5696.73 I
850 3254.38 II
250 5147.24 I 470 4282.83 I 85 5706.20 I
1700 3306.39 II
110 5151.07 I 1600 4296.74 I 70 5773.77 I
1200 3321.18 II
500 5155.14 I 1900 4318.94 II 60 5778.33 I
1200 3365.86 II
920 5171.03 I 470 4319.53 I 70 d 5786.98 II
1200 3382.40 II
180 5195.02 I 1800 4329.02 II 60 5788.38 I
4200 3568.27 II
130 5284.08 I 440 4330.02 I 60 5800.52 I
4200 3592.60 II
260 5309.27 I 1300 4334.15 II 65 5802.84 I
1700 3604.28 II
110 5335.93 I 880 4336.14 I 65 5867.79 I
3400 3609.49 II
130 5361.77 I 1100 4347.80 II 50 5874.21 I
1700 3621.23 II
110 h 5401.04 I 440 4362.91 I 50 5898.96 I
3400 3634.29 II
80 5484.32 I 530 4380.42 I 65 5965.71 II
2200 3661.36 II
130 5510.71 I 1600 4390.86 II 50 6045.00 I
2200 3670.84 II
90 5559.75 I 410 4401.17 I 50 6070.06 I
1100 3693.99 II
290 5636.24 I 470 4419.33 I 45 6084.12 I
1600 3728.47 II
180 5699.05 I 1500 4420.53 II 45 h 6159.56 I
2100 3731.26 II
65 5814.98 I 2900 4424.34 II 45 6256.54 I
1600 3735.98 II
55 5919.34 I 470 4429.66 I 100 6267.28 II
2900 3739.12 II
80 5921.45 I 1600 4433.88 II 140 6569.31 II
1200 3743.87 II
21 h 5973.38 I 1800 4434.32 II 110 6589.72 II
930 3745.46 I
16 5988.67 I 530 4441.81 I 50 6671.51 I
800 3756.41 I
35 5993.65 I 440 4442.28 I 120 d 6731.84 II
1200 3757.53 II
18 6116.77 I 710 4445.15 I 95 6794.20 II
1900 3760.69 II
26 6199.42 I 1300 4452.73 II 120 6860.93 I
1100 3764.37 II
26 6225.20 I 1200 4454.63 II 120 6955.29 II
370 d 3773.33 I
18 6295.22 I 1000 4458.52 II 90 7020.44 II
1100 3778.14 II
16 6390.23 I 2200 4467.34 II 90 7039.22 II
1500 3788.12 II
26 h 6444.84 I 810 4470.89 I 90 7042.24 II
1600 3793.97 II
21 6663.14 I 370 4499.11 I 90 7051.52 II
1600 3797.73 II
55 6690.00 I 440 4581.73 I 90 7082.37 II
1600 3826.20 II
21 6766.95 I 380 4649.49 I 26 7088.30 I
1100 3831.50 II
30 6775.02 I 470 d 4670.75 I 30 7095.50 I
560 3834.48 I
21 6824.17 I 1100 4674.60 II 30 7104.54 I
1600 3843.50 II
26 6911.48 I 370 4688.73 I 26 7115.96 I
530 3853.30 I
110 6923.23 I 530 4704.40 II 85 d 7149.60 II
2700 3854.21 II


23 7213.82 I 1200 2974.01 I 2700 4047.79 I 270 5089.89 I
Atomic
60 7240.90 II 1400 2980.75 I 120 4049.95 I 390 5096.73 I
26 7347.30 I 340 2988.95 I 5500 4054.55 I 620 5099.23 I
30 7444.56 I 2200 3015.36 I 220 4056.59 I 370 5101.12 I
26 7445.41 I 2700 3019.34 I 100 4068.66 III 180 5109.06 I
13 7470.76 I 360 3030.76 I 160 h 4074.97 I 150 5112.86 I
45 7645.09 II 120 h 3056.31 I 160 4078.57 I 320 5116.69 I
12 7645.82 I 130 3065.11 II 6100 4082.40 I 390 5210.52 I
40 w 7835.08 II 990 3251.32 II 200 4086.67 I 280 5219.67 I
16 7895.96 I 1500 3255.69 I 400 4087.16 I 350 5239.82 II
90 7928.14 II 4400 3269.91 I 440 h 4133.00 I 280 5258.33 I
40 8048.70 II 5500 3273.63 I 530 h 4140.30 I 210 5285.76 I
16 8065.16 I 110 d 3343.28 II 720 4152.36 I 120 5341.05 I
45 8068.46 II 270 3352.05 II 1100 h 4165.19 I 350 5349.30 I
40 w 8305.79 II 9900 3353.73 II 110 h 4218.26 I 120 5349.71 I
19 8383.71 I 2000 3359.68 II 110 h 4219.73 I 210 5355.75 I
45 w 8485.99 II 1700 3361.27 II 180 4231.93 I 530 5356.10 I
45 w 8708.43 II 1700 3361.94 II 200 4233.61 I 270 5375.35 I
95 8913.66 II 4000 3368.95 II 400 4238.05 I 370 5392.08 I
6600 3372.15 II 15000 4246.83 II 270 5446.20 I
Scandium Sc Z = 21
130 3418.51 I 290 4294.77 II 120 5451.34 I
350 180.14 V
200 3429.21 I 350 4305.71 II 750 5481.99 I
500 243.87 V
200 3429.48 I 4200 4314.09 II 530 5484.62 I
500 252.85 V
270 3431.36 I 3300 4320.74 II 570 5514.22 I
500 253.73 V
530 3435.56 I 2400 4325.01 II 660 5520.50 I
900 283.91 V
270 3457.45 I 180 4354.61 II 660 5526.82 II
800 284.45 V
180 3462.19 I 110 4358.64 I 70 5564.86 I
600 288.29 V
130 d 3469.65 I 2000 4374.46 II 110 5591.33 I
900 289.59 V
110 3471.13 I 130 4384.81 II 80 5640.98 II
15 289.85 IV
200 3498.91 I 1100 4400.37 II 250 5657.88 II
1000 d 291.93 V
2700 3535.73 II 880 4415.56 II 1500 5671.81 I
800 293.25 V
6600 3558.55 II 120 h 4557.24 I 1200 5686.84 I
15 296.31 IV
6100 3567.70 II 160 h 4573.99 I 1100 5700.21 I
15 299.04 IV
13000 3572.53 II 350 4670.40 II 10 5706.82 IV
700 300.00 V
9900 3576.35 II 120 4706.97 I 190 5708.61 I
1000 573.36 V
7700 3580.94 II 120 4709.34 I 880 5711.75 I
600 587.94 V
4000 3589.64 II 200 4728.77 I 230 5717.28 I
10 785.12 IV
4000 3590.48 II 490 4729.23 I 180 5724.08 I
25 1168.61 III
28000 3613.84 II 590 4734.10 I 14 5771.63 IV
15 1550.80 IV
110 3617.43 I 690 4737.65 I 620 6210.68 I
180 1603.06 III
20000 3630.75 II 790 4741.02 I 320 6239.78 I
150 1610.19 III
13000 3642.79 II 1200 4743.81 I 120 6245.63 II
160 2010.42 III
6600 3645.31 II 200 4753.16 I 110 6249.96 I
12 2118.97 IV
110 3646.90 I 220 4779.35 I 80 6256.01 III
11 2185.43 IV
5300 3651.80 II 170 4839.44 I 250 6258.96 I
11 2205.46 IV
110 3664.25 II 90 4909.76 I 750 6305.67 I
14 2222.22 IV
290 3666.54 II 90 4922.84 I 60 6378.82 I
11 2271.33 IV
75 h 3717.10 I 90 4934.25 I 90 6413.35 I
110 2438.62 I
270 3833.07 II 170 4954.06 I 60 6604.60 II
560 2545.22 II
610 3843.03 II 120 4973.66 I 65 6737.87 I
2900 2552.37 II
20000 3907.49 I 150 4980.37 I 50 6819.52 I
560 2555.82 II
23000 3911.81 I 140 4991.92 I 50 6835.03 I
2300 2560.25 II
4400 3933.38 I 530 5031.02 II 90 7449.16 III
1100 2563.21 II
5500 3996.61 I 250 5064.32 I 55 h 7741.17 I
11 2586.93 IV
530 4014.49 II 530 5070.23 I 30 7800.44 I
120 2692.78 I
20000 4020.40 I 250 5075.81 I 19 h 8761.40 I
350 2699.07 III
20000 4023.69 I 2100 5081.56 I 50 8829.78 III
360 2706.77 I
220 4030.67 I 1200 5083.72 I 30 h 8834.35 I
210 2707.95 I
140 4031.39 I 1100 5085.55 I 400 22051.86 I
580 2711.35 I
220 4043.80 I 750 5086.95 I 150 22065.05 I
230 2734.05 III
200 4046.48 I 390 5087.14 I
340 2965.86 I


285 2057.5 III 150 8440.47 I 100 1190.42 II
Selenium Se Z = 34
Atomic
500 2074.8 I 150 8450.38 I 200 1193.28 II

360 613.0 V
285 2136.6 IV 150 8742.33 I 250 1194.50 II
360 652.7 IV
500 2164.2 I 300 8918.86 I 100 1197.39 II
450 670.1 IV
600 2413.5 I 200 9001.97 I 30 1206.51 III
360 724.3 III
300 2548.0 I 200 9038.61 I 30 1206.53 III
450 746.4 IV
360 2665.5 IV 100 9432.50 I 9 1207.52 III
450 759.1 V
285 2724.3 IV 200 10217.25 I 10 1210.46 III
360 808.7 V
285 2767.2 III 377 10307.45 I 50 1226.81 II
360 830.3 V
220 2773.8 III 900 10327.26 I 100 1227.60 II
360 832.7 II
160 2951.6 IV 640 10386.36 I 150 1228.75 II
450 839.5 V
450 3387.2 III 275 11946.87 I 200 1229.39 II
360 843.0 III
450 3413.9 III 170 11952.64 I 100 1246.74 II
360 845.8 V
450 3457.8 III 205 11972.93 I 150 1248.43 II
360 912.9 II
450 3637.6 III 315 14817.93 I 100 1250.09 II
360 959.6 IV
450 3738.7 III 410 14917.47 I 150 1250.43 II
360 974.8 III
450 3800.9 III 500 15151.44 I 200 1251.16 II
450 996.7 IV
450 4169.1 III 320 15471.00 I 40 1256.49 I
360 1013.4 II
360 4175.3 II 265 15520.97 I 50 1258.80 I
360 1014.0 II
450 4180.9 II 395 15618.40 I 1000 1260.42 II
450 1033.6 II
285 4382.9 II 360 16659.44 I 2000 1264.73 II
450 1049.6 II
285 4446.0 II 505 16813.78 I 200 1265.02 II
360 1057.4 II
220 4449.2 II 205 16866.54 I 17 1294.54 III
360 1094.7 V
285 4467.6 II 235 21374.24 I 14 1296.73 III
360 1099.1 III
500 4730.8 I 680 21442.56 I 15 1298.89 III
450 1119.2 III
400 4739.0 I 415 21473.48 I 18 1298.96 III
360 1141.9 II
300 4742.2 I 270 21716.36 I 14 1301.15 III
450 1192.3 II
285 4840.6 II 240 21730.60 I 16 1303.32 III
450 1227.6 V
360 4845.0 II 150 23388.85 I 100 1304.37 II
285 1291.0 II
450 5227.5 II 265 24148.18 I 50 h 1305.59 II
285 1308.9 II
360 5305.4 II 375 24385.99 I 200 1309.27 II
285 1314.4 IV
100 5365.5 I 255 25017.51 I 13 1312.59 III
120 1435.3 I
120 5369.9 I 510 25127.43 I 100 1346.87 II
120 1435.8 I
110 5374.1 I 100 1348.54 II
150 1449.2 I Silicon Si Z = 14
285 5522.4 II 150 1350.06 II
150 1500.9 I 10 85.18 V
285 5566.9 II 100 1352.64 II
250 1530.4 I 15 96.44 V
285 5866.3 II 100 1353.72 II
150 1531.3 I 10 97.14 V
450 6056.0 II 15 1393.76 IV
200 1531.8 I 20 117.86 V
285 6303.8 III 12 1402.77 IV
150 1575.3 I 20 118.97 V
200 6325.6 I 13 1417.24 III
150 1577.6 I 4 457.82 IV
360 6444.2 II 90 h 1485.02 II
150 1577.9 I 8 566.61 III
285 6490.5 II 100 h 1485.51 II
150 1579.5 I 8 653.33 III
285 6535.0 II 12 1500.24 III
200 1580.0 I 7 815.05 IV
150 6831.3 I 10 1501.19 III
150 1587.5 I 8 818.13 IV
120 6990.690 I 9 1501.87 III
150 1593.2 I 9 823.41 III
100 6991.792 I 100 h 1509.10 II
250 1606.5 I 40 h 845.77 II
200 7010.809 I 50 h 1512.07 II
200 1617.4 I 100 889.72 II
150 7013.875 I 60 p 1516.91 II
150 1621.2 I 200 892.00 II
300 7062.065 I 500 1526.72 II
150 1643.4 I 9 967.95 III
200 7575.1 I 1000 1533.45 II
250 1671.2 I 100 989.87 II
250 7583.4 I 150 1594.55 I
250 1675.3 I 200 992.68 II
150 7592.2 I 100 1622.87 I
250 1690.7 I 10 993.52 III
300 8001.0 I 300 1629.43 I
250 1793.3 I 13 994.79 III
200 8036.4 I 200 1629.92 I
300 1795.3 I 16 997.39 III
150 8093.2 I 100 1667.62 I
300 1855.2 I 50 1023.69 II
150 8094.7 I 100 1668.52 I
250 1858.8 I 8 1066.63 IV
180 8149.3 I 100 1672.59 I
400 1898.6 I 14 1108.37 III
150 8152.0 I 200 1675.20 I
350 1913.8 I 16 1109.97 III
200 8157.7 I 200 1696.20 I
300 1919.2 I 18 1113.23 III
180 8163.1 I 200 1697.94 I
500 1960.9 I 8 1122.49 IV
150 8182.9 I 100 h 1770.92 I
500 2039.8 I 10 1128.34 IV


100 h 1776.83 I 300 2904.28 II 16 4716.65 III 90 6131.850 I
Atomic
100 h 1799.12 I 500 2905.69 II 50 4782.991 I 100 6142.487 I
150 1808.00 II 55 2970.355 I 35 4792.212 I 100 6145.015 I
500 h 1814.07 I 150 2987.645 I 80 4792.324 I 160 6155.134 I
200 1816.92 II 50 3006.739 I 15 4813.33 III 160 6237.320 I
200 1836.51 I 75 3020.004 I 16 4819.72 III 40 6238.287 I
200 1841.44 I 100 h 3030.00 II 18 4828.97 III 125 6243.813 I
9 1842.55 III 9 3040.93 III 30 4947.607 I 125 6244.468 I
200 1843.77 I 100 h 3043.69 II 40 5006.061 I 180 6254.188 I
300 1845.51 I 50 h 3048.30 II 1000 5041.03 II 45 6331.954 I
400 1847.47 I 150 h 3053.18 II 1000 5055.98 II 1000 6347.10 II
200 1848.14 I 25 3086.24 III 10 h 5091.42 III 1000 6371.36 II
500 1850.67 I 20 3093.42 III 100 5181.90 II 45 6526.609 I
200 1852.46 I 16 3096.83 III 100 h 5185.25 II 45 6527.199 I
500 h 1874.84 I 9 3165.71 IV 200 h 5192.86 II 45 6555.462 I
200 1881.85 I 16 3185.13 III 500 h 5202.41 II 50 h 6660.52 II
200 1887.70 I 13 3186.02 III 100 h 5405.34 II 100 6671.88 II
200 h 1893.25 I 150 3188.97 II 100 h 5438.62 II 7 6701.21 IV
1000 h 1901.33 I 150 3193.09 II 100 h 5456.45 II 50 h 6717.04 II
100 h 1902.46 II 100 3195.41 II 500 h 5466.43 II 100 6721.853 I
50 h 1910.62 II 14 3196.50 III 500 h 5466.87 II 50 6829.82 II
50 1941.67 II 200 3199.51 II 100 h 5469.21 II 30 6848.568 I
100 1949.56 II 100 h 3203.87 II 200 h 5496.45 II 80 6976.523 I
100 1954.97 I 200 h 3210.03 II 35 5517.535 I 180 7003.567 I
50 2058.65 II 15 3210.55 III 100 h 5540.74 II 180 7005.883 I
50 2059.01 II 75 3214.66 II 150 h 5576.66 II 90 7017.646 I
200 2072.02 II 12 3230.50 III 30 5622.221 I 250 7034.903 I
200 2072.70 II 14 3233.95 III 100 h 5632.97 II 6h 7047.94 IV
100 2124.12 I 15 3241.62 III 200 h 5639.48 II 200 7165.545 I
50 h 2136.56 II 12 3258.66 III 90 5645.611 I 100 7226.206 I
110 2207.98 I 10 3276.26 III 150 h 5660.66 II 100 7235.326 I
115 2210.89 I 300 3333.14 II 80 5665.554 I 180 7250.625 I
110 2211.74 I 500 3339.82 II 1000 h 5669.56 II 160 7275.294 I
120 2216.67 I 15 3486.91 III 120 5684.484 I 400 7289.173 I
120 2218.06 I 9 3525.94 III 300 h 5688.81 II 375 7405.774 I
10 2296.87 III 20 3590.47 III 100 5690.425 I 200 7409.082 I
10 2308.19 III 8 3762.44 IV 90 5701.105 I 275 7415.946 I
100 h 2356.30 II 20 c 3791.41 III 200 h 5701.37 II 425 7423.497 I
30 h 2357.18 II 25 3796.11 III 100 h 5706.37 II 9h 7466.32 III
50 h 2357.97 II 30 3806.54 III 160 5708.397 I 12 h 7612.36 III
300 2435.15 I 100 h 3853.66 II 20 5739.73 III 100 7680.267 I
11 2449.48 III 500 h 3856.02 II 45 5747.667 I 6h 7723.82 IV
425 2506.90 I 200 h 3862.60 II 45 5753.625 I 30 7800.008 I
375 2514.32 I 300 3905.523 I 45 5754.220 I 400 7848.80 II
500 2516.113 I 20 3924.47 III 45 5762.977 I 500 7849.72 II
7 2517.51 IV 10 4088.85 IV 70 5772.145 I 30 7849.967 I
350 2519.202 I 70 4102.936 I 70 5780.384 I 90 7918.386 I
425 2524.108 I 9 4116.10 IV 90 5793.071 I 120 7932.349 I
450 2528.509 I 300 h 4128.07 II 100 5797.859 I 140 7944.001 I
110 2532.381 I 500 h 4130.89 II 150 h 5800.47 II 35 7970.306 I
25 2541.82 III 100 h 4190.72 II 200 5806.74 II 35 8035.619 I
10 2546.09 III 50 4198.13 II 50 5846.13 II 70 8093.241 I
14 2559.21 III 9 4338.50 III 300 h 5868.40 II 9h 8102.86 III
30 2563.679 I 30 4552.62 III 40 5873.764 I 11 h 8103.45 III
85 2568.641 I 25 4567.82 III 10 h 5898.79 III 35 8230.642 I
45 2577.151 I 20 4574.76 III 150 5915.22 II 9h 8262.57 III
190 2631.282 I 100 4621.42 II 200 5948.545 I 40 8443.982 I
11 2640.79 III 150 4621.72 II 500 5957.56 II 40 8501.547 I
14 2655.51 III 9h 4631.24 IV 500 5978.93 II 60 8502.221 I
9 2817.11 III 10 h 4654.32 IV 90 6125.021 I 40 8536.165 I
1000 2881.579 I 9 4683.02 III 85 6131.574 I 120 8556.780 I


50 8648.462 I 95 1432.60 II 28000 r 3382.89 I 12 162.448 IV
Atomic
40 8728.011 I 100 1464.72 II 30 3469.16 I 10 163.190 IV

75 8742.451 I 50 1466.23 II 70 3475.82 II 12 168.411 IV
100 8752.009 I 50 r 1507.37 I 80 3495.28 II 10 168.546 IV
35 8790.389 I 100 r 1515.63 I 50 3542.61 I 5 183.95 III
100 9412.72 II 50 r 1548.58 I 50 h 3624.68 I 10 190.445 IV
100 9413.506 I 100 1555.16 II 75 3682.46 II 10 199.772 IV
30 10371.269 I 100 1644.50 II 30 3682.50 I 8 202.49 III
120 10585.141 I 60 1651.52 I 80 3683.34 II 8 202.76 III
120 10603.431 I 50 1652.10 I 50 h 3709.20 I 8p 203.06 III
120 10660.975 I 700 1656.18 III 200 3810.94 I 8 203.28 III
30 10694.251 I 120 1682.82 II 50 3811.78 I 8 203.33 III
30 10727.408 I 500 1693.51 III 100 h 3840.74 I 15 229.87 III
60 10749.384 I 10 1708.11 I 50 h 3907.41 I 50 c 250.52 III
30 10784.550 I 50 1709.27 I 50 3909.31 II 30 251.37 III
80 10786.856 I 125 1736.44 II 50 h 3914.40 I 25 266.90 III
140 10827.091 I 750 1751.03 III 70 3920.10 II 70 267.65 III
60 10843.854 I 10 h 1766.14 I 60 3949.43 II 50 267.87 III
130 10869.541 I 75 1790.37 II 100 h 3981.58 I 50 268.63 III
30 10882.802 I 600 1917.08 III 70 3985.19 II 20 p 272.08 III
30 10885.336 I 700 1957.62 III 100 h 4055.48 I 20 272.45 III
80 10979.308 I 100 1967.38 II 80 4085.91 II 10 319.644 IV
30 10982.061 I 600 1975.92 III 100 4185.48 II 300 372.08 II
80 11017.965 I 500 1977.03 III 90 h 4210.96 I 350 376.38 II
370 11984.19 I 600 2000.24 III 100 4212.82 I 100 378.14 III
220 11991.57 I 150 2015.96 II 50 4311.07 I 70 380.10 III
440 12031.51 I 150 2033.98 II 50 h 4476.04 I 12 408.684 IV
190 15888.39 I 200 2061.17 I 30 h 4615.69 I 10 409.614 IV
95 16060.03 I 100 2069.85 I 80 4620.04 II 15 410.372 IV
110 19722.50 I 80 r 2113.82 II 50 4620.46 II 10 411.334 IV
60 2145.60 II 60 h 4668.48 I 13 412.242 IV
Silver Ag Z = 47
600 2161.89 III 30 h 4677.60 I 11 1582.18 IV
25 730.83 II
50 2186.76 II 100 4788.40 II 11 d 1583.98 IV
30 752.80 II
60 2229.53 II 30 h 4847.82 I 12 1584.14 IV
400 799.41 III
100 r 2246.43 II 100 4874.10 I 12 d 1587.05 IV
15 1005.32 II
500 2246.51 III 80 5027.35 II 11 1615.92 IV
10 1065.49 II
75 r 2248.74 II 1000 5209.08 I 12 1618.57 IV
12 1072.23 II
75 2280.03 II 1000 5465.50 I 11 1655.47 IV
250 1074.22 II
30 h 2309.56 I 100 5471.55 I 15 c 1701.97 IV
150 1107.03 II
700 2310.04 III 100 5667.34 I 20 d 1887.47 III
150 1112.46 II
70 r 2317.05 II 10 h 6268.50 I 12 1960.76 IV
60 1195.83 II
80 r 2320.29 II 320 7687.78 I 11 1965.08 IV
50 1223.33 II
70 r 2324.68 II 25 8005.4 II 12 d 2106.33 IV
50 1240.80 II
80 r 2331.40 II 500 8273.52 I 30 2230.33 III
50 1246.87 II
70 2357.92 II 25 8403.8 II 16 2232.19 III
55 1256.81 II
50 h 2375.02 I 30 h 8645.70 I 20 h 2246.70 III
55 1257.55 II
75 2411.41 II 10 h 8704.85 I 300 2315.65 II
50 1266.63 II
90 r 2413.23 II 12 8747.6 II 18 2386.99 III
70 1273.67 II
100 r 2437.81 II 15 9000.9 II 17 2394.03 III
65 1297.51 II
80 2447.93 II 10 12551.0 I 300 2420.99 II
85 1311.20 II
80 2473.84 II 60 16819.5 I 300 2424.73 II
55 1313.81 II
60 2506.63 II 20 17416.7 I 25 2459.31 III
50 1314.61 II
50 h 2575.63 I 15 18307.9 I 18 2468.85 III
60 1323.84 II
60 2660.49 II 15 18382.3 I 20 2474.73 III
60 1342.09 II
60 2721.77 I 1000 2493.15 II
50 1342.57 II Sodium Na Z = 11
75 2767.54 II 25 2497.03 III
70 1346.62 II 7 142.232 IV
100 h 2824.39 I 17 2510.26 III
50 1353.54 II 8 146.064 IV
30 h 3130.02 I 20 2543.84 I
150 1364.50 II 9 150.298 IV
90 3180.70 II 10 2543.87 I
100 1396.00 II 8 150.687 IV
100 3267.35 II 70 2593.87 I
100 1410.93 II 8 155.510 IV
55000 r 3280.68 I 35 2593.92 I
90 1419.72 II 8 156.537 IV


850 2611.81 II 20 4747.941 I 1875 491.79 III 40 5257.71 III
Atomic
850 2661.00 II 30 4751.822 I 1250 507.04 III 40 5443.48 III
1000 2671.83 II 200 4978.541 I 3750 514.38 III 1500 5450.84 I
200 2680.34 I 400 4982.813 I 10 517.28 V 7000 5480.84 I
100 2680.43 I 40 5148.838 I 2500 562.75 III 3500 5504.17 I
1000 2841.72 II 80 5153.402 I 25 578.01 V 2600 5521.83 I
400 2852.81 I 280 5682.633 I 30 624.93 V 2000 5534.81 I
200 2853.01 I 70 5688.193 I 25 642.23 V 2000 5540.05 I
2 2893.62 I 560 5688.205 I 50 649.21 V 1000 6380.75 I
1100 2904.92 II 80000 5889.950 I 25 660.94 V 900 h 6386.50 I
1100 2917.52 II 40000 5895.924 I 200 664.43 IV 600 h 6388.24 I
1100 2919.05 II 120 6154.225 I 35 686.23 V 9000 6408.47 I
1200 2919.85 II 240 6160.747 I 100 710.35 IV 5500 6504.00 I
1300 2920.95 II 130 6530.70 II 12 747.82 V 1000 6546.79 I
1000 2923.49 II 130 6544.04 II 50 1025.23 III 1700 6550.26 I
1200 2951.24 II 130 6545.75 II 35 1125.49 III 3000 6617.26 I
1100 2952.40 II 20 7373.23 I 50 1236.23 III 1800 6791.05 I
1000 2977.13 II 10 7373.49 I 1400 2152.84 II 4800 6878.38 I
1100 2979.66 II 50 7809.78 I 1400 2165.96 II 1200 6892.59 I
1100 2980.63 II 25 7810.24 I 100 2273.71 III 5500 7070.10 I
1300 2984.19 II 4400 8183.256 I 100 2340.13 III 2500 7309.41 I
1700 3124.42 II 800 8194.790 I 50 2346.97 IV 500 7621.50 I
2500 3135.48 II 8800 8194.824 I 160 2428.10 I 400 h 7673.06 I
1700 3137.86 II 100 8649.92 I 100 2486.52 III 200 h 8422.80 I
2000 3149.28 II 60 8650.89 I 40 2555.60 IV 120 8505.69 II
2000 3163.74 II 25 8942.96 I 40 2571.04 IV 200 8688.91 II
1000 3179.06 II 40 9153.88 I 100 3002.61 III 100 9294.10 I
1700 3189.79 II 60 9465.94 I 200 3012.32 III 400 h 9448.95 I
1600 3212.19 II 80 9961.28 I 10 3019.29 IV 600 9596.00 I
1500 3257.96 II 20 10566.00 I 100 3021.73 III 300 9624.70 I
1700 3285.60 II 60 10572.28 I 50 3061.43 III 100 9638.10 I
1700 3301.35 II 200 10746.44 I 50 3182.61 III 100 h 9647.70 II
1200 3302.37 I 80 10749.29 I 100 3235.39 III 300 10036.66 II
600 3302.98 I 120 10834.87 I 400 3351.25 I 1000 10327.31 II
1500 3304.96 II 35 11190.19 I 650 3380.71 II 200 10914.88 II
1000 3318.04 II 50 11197.21 I 50 3430.76 III 700 11241.25 I
50 3426.86 I 400 11381.45 I 950 3464.46 II 100 12014.76 II
1500 3533.05 II 1000 11403.78 I 600 3969.26 I 60 12445.90 II
1200 3631.27 II 400 12679.17 I 1300 4030.38 I 40 12495.00 I
6 4238.99 I 60 14767.48 I 46000 4077.71 II 75 12974.70 II
10 4242.08 I 100 14779.73 I 32000 4215.52 II 100 13123.80 II
1 4249.41 I 60 16373.85 I 9 4298.57 IV 50 17447.40 I
2 4252.52 I 100 16388.85 I 340 4305.45 II 230 20261.40 I
15 4273.64 I 400 18465.25 I 65000 4607.33 I 120 20700.70 I
20 4276.79 I 50 22056.44 I 9 4685.08 IV 30 26023.60 I
2 4287.84 I 25 22083.67 I 3200 4722.28 I
Sulfur S Z = 16
3 4291.01 I 60 23348.41 I 2200 4741.92 I
5 437.4 V
30 4321.40 I 100 23379.13 I 1400 4784.32 I
5 438.2 V
40 4324.62 I 4800 4811.88 I
Strontium Sr Z = 38 5 439.6 V
3 4341.49 I 3600 4832.08 I
15 298.12 IV 20 519.3 IV
5 4344.74 I 3000 4872.49 I
15 300.12 IV 20 520.1 IV
40 4390.03 I 2000 4876.32 I
125 330.67 III 40 520.8 IV
60 4393.34 I 1000 4891.98 I
500 351.62 III 20 522.0 IV
5 4419.88 I 8000 4962.26 I
75 358.80 III 20 522.5 IV
8 4423.25 I 1300 4967.94 I
250 363.49 III 20 551.2 IV
60 4494.18 I 800 h 5156.07 I
150 371.21 III 40 652.5 IV
100 4497.66 I 1400 5222.20 I
20 378.53 IV 40 653.0 IV
10 4541.63 I 2000 5225.11 I
75 392.44 IV 70 653.6 IV
15 4545.19 I 2000 5229.27 I
50 393.00 IV 40 654.0 IV
120 4664.811 I 2800 5238.55 I
50 396.22 IV 70 655.6 IV
200 4668.560 I 4800 5256.90 I
1000 437.24 III 20 655.9 IV


110 657.3 IV 355 1316.542 I 285 3902.0 I 160 9035.9 I
Atomic
40 658.3 V 290 1316.618 I 160 3928.6 III 450 9212.9 I

70 659.8 V 375 1323.515 I 360 3933.3 II 450 9228.1 I
40 660.9 IV 355 1326.643 I 450 4120.8 I 450 9237.5 I
160 661.4 IV 775 1381.552 I 280 4142.3 II 285 9413.5 I
110 663.2 V 710 1385.510 I 360 4145.1 II 285 9421.9 I
40 663.7 IV 960 1388.435 I 450 4153.1 II 285 9437.1 I
40 664.8 IV 640 1389.154 I 450 4162.7 II 650 9649.9 I
70 666.1 IV 775 1392.588 I 360 4253.6 III 450 9672.3 I
20 678.1 V 1000 1396.112 I 450 4694.1 I 450 9680.8 I
40 680.3 V 300 1409.337 I 285 4695.4 I 450 9693.7 I
110 680.9 V 510 1425.030 I 160 4696.2 I 285 9697.3 I
40 681.6 V 425 1433.280 I 280 4716.2 II 285 9739.7 I
20 693.5 V 300 1436.968 I 450 4815.5 II 285 9932.3 I
70 729.5 III 300 1448.229 I 360 4924.1 II 285 9949.8 I
110 732.42 III 425 1472.972 I 450 4925.3 II 285 9958.9 I
70 735.2 III 550 1473.995 I 285 4993.5 I 285 10455.5 I
70 738.5 III 300 1474.380 I 360 5428.6 II 285 10459.5 I
110 744.9 IV 355 1481.665 I 650 5432.8 II
Tantalum Ta Z = 73
110 748.4 IV 485 1483.039 I 1000 5453.8 II
60 493.07 V
110 750.2 IV 300 1483.233 I 1000 5473.6 II
1000 890.87 V
110 753.8 IV 330 1485.622 I 1000 5509.7 II
500 947.30 V
285 786.5 V 390 1487.150 I 280 5564.9 II
67 999.34 IV
70 789.0 III 20 1624.0 IV 1000 5606.1 II
79 1116.10 IV
70 796.7 III 20 1629.2 IV 450 5640.0 II
78 1136.17 IV
70 800.5 IV 680 1666.688 I 450 5640.3 II
85 1175.51 IV
70 804.0 IV 640 1687.530 I 280 5647.0 II
80 1189.28 IV
70 809.7 IV 710 1807.311 I 650 5659.9 II
80 1192.67 IV
110 816.0 IV 680 1820.343 I 450 5664.7 II
85 1213.09 IV
70 824.9 III 640 1826.245 I 160 5706.1 I
500 1213.42 V
70 836.3 III 710 1900.286 I 450 5819.2 II
85 1215.53 IV
160 849.2 V 550 1914.698 I 450 6052.7 I
90 1223.73 IV
110 852.2 V 20 2387.0 IV 280 6286.4 II
88 1238.12 IV
220 854.8 V 40 2398.9 IV 450 6287.1 II
95 1240.06 IV
110 857.9 V 110 2460.5 III 450 6305.5 II
87 1258.34 IV
110 860.5 V 110 2489.6 III 450 6312.7 II
94 1264.91 IV
40 906.9 II 160 2496.2 III 280 6384.9 II
98 1272.42 IV
40 910.5 II 160 2499.1 III 280 6397.3 II
94 1275.48 IV
40 912.7 II 220 2508.2 III 280 6398.0 II
86 1275.94 IV
40 937.4 II 70 2636.9 III 360 6413.7 II
92 1308.51 IV
40 937.7 II 220 2665.4 III 160 6743.6 I
87 1315.58 IV
160 1062.7 IV 110 2691.8 III 285 6748.8 I
92 1332.38 IV
160 1073.0 IV 110 2702.8 III 450 6757.2 I
86 1343.30 IV
70 1073.5 IV 220 2718.9 III 450 7579.0 I
92 1365.88 IV
285 1077.1 III 110 2721.4 III 450 7629.8 I
5000 1392.56 V
40 1102.3 II 220 2726.8 III 285 7686.1 I
91 1398.78 IV
70 1194.0 III 220 2731.1 III 450 7696.7 I
93 1413.40 IV
70 1201.0 III 110 2741.0 III 1000 7924.0 I
91 1454.32 IV
40 1234.1 II 285 2756.9 III 160 7928.8 I
92 1464.41 IV
40 1250.5 II 110 2775.2 III 285 7930.3 I
93 1469.82 IV
110 1253.8 II 160 2785.5 III 450 7931.7 I
90 1495.25 IV
110 1259.5 II 110 2863.5 III 450 7967.4 I
95 1514.19 IV
275 1270.782 I 160 2904.3 III 450 7967.4 II
85 1607.70 IV
250 1277.216 I 160 2986.0 III 450 8314.7 I
7000 1709.10 V
280 1295.653 I 110 3097.5 IV 450 8314.7 II
85 1712.16 IV
275 1302.337 I 110 3497.3 III 450 8585.6 I
85 1716.13 IV
235 1302.863 I 160 3632.0 III 285 8680.5 I
85 2055.75 IV
235 1303.110 I 110 3709.4 III 450 8694.7 I
1100 2140.13 II
245 1303.430 I 160 3717.8 III 360 8874.5 I
1500 2146.87 II
260 1305.883 I 160 3838.3 III 110 8882.5 I
1200 2182.71 II
265 1310.194 I 285 3867.6 I 220 8884.2 I
1100 2193.88 II


1500 2196.03 II 770 2775.88 I 200 5037.37 I 75 7006.96 I
Atomic
90 2199.58 IV 680 2796.34 I 100 5067.87 I 150 7148.63 I
1500 2199.67 II 680 2797.76 II 110 5115.84 I 110 7172.90 I
90 2207.64 IV 510 2806.58 I 100 5141.62 I 140 7301.74 I
1400 d 2210.03 II 640 2844.25 I 100 5143.69 I 160 7346.41 I
1400 2239.48 II 560 2848.52 I 330 5156.56 I 140 c 7352.86 I
1200 2250.76 II 1500 2850.49 I 110 5212.74 I 100 7356.96 I
840 2261.42 II 1900 2850.98 I 110 d 5218.45 I 90 cw 7369.09 I
990 2262.30 II 360 2861.98 I 140 5341.05 I 160 7407.89 I
990 2272.59 II 470 2871.42 I 200 5402.51 I 100 7882.37 I
790 2285.25 II 380 2880.02 I 130 5419.19 I 75 8026.50 I
600 2286.59 II 770 2891.84 I 90 5518.91 I 75 8281.62 I
990 2289.16 II 560 2902.05 I 150 5645.91 I
Technetium Tc Z = 43
440 2302.24 II 310 2915.49 I 130 5664.90 I
10000 c 3636.07 I
440 2302.93 II 410 2925.19 I 130 5776.77 I
20000 c 4031.63 I
440 2312.60 II 310 2932.70 I 90 5780.71 I
15000 4095.67 I
420 2315.46 II 1700 2933.55 I 130 5811.10 I
20000 4262.27 I
690 2331.98 II 470 2940.06 I 240 5877.36 I
30000 4297.06 I
550 2332.19 II 1200 2940.22 I 130 5882.30 I
20000 4853.59 I
250 2357.30 I 510 2951.92 I 90 5901.91 I
260 2361.09 I 340 2953.56 I 90 5918.95 I Tellurium Te Z = 52
600 2364.24 II 1500 2963.32 I 130 5939.76 I 8 802.28 II
320 2371.58 I 770 2965.13 II 240 5944.02 I 8 1059.51 II
1400 2387.06 II 770 2965.54 I 190 c 5997.23 I 8 1077.66 II
2400 2400.63 II 340 2969.47 I 100 6020.72 I 10 1161.42 II
320 2416.89 II 430 2975.56 I 250 6045.39 I 10 1174.34 II
360 2427.64 I 1800 3012.54 II 100 6047.25 I 12 1175.79 II
360 2429.71 II 290 d 3027.48 I 100 6101.58 I 9 1208.54 II
480 2432.70 II 530 3049.56 I 65 6144.56 I 9 1220.98 II
380 2470.90 II 530 3069.24 I 130 6154.50 I 9 1253.62 II
600 2474.62 I 360 3077.24 I 150 6256.68 I 9 1270.52 II
500 2484.95 I 560 3103.25 I 150 6268.70 I 10 1324.92 II
600 2488.70 II 380 3124.97 I 150 6309.58 I 9 1363.24 II
500 2490.46 I 380 3130.58 I 75 6325.08 I 8 1366.73 II
600 2504.45 I 270 3132.64 I 65 6341.17 I 10 1374.80 II
600 2507.45 I 320 3170.29 I 75 6356.16 I 10 1608.41 II
1200 d 2526.35 I 270 3173.59 I 65 6360.84 I 10 1613.15 II
600 2532.12 II 600 3180.95 I 90 6389.45 I 5 1655.4 I
1200 2559.43 I 300 3223.83 I 65 6428.60 I 5 1688.5 I
460 2562.10 I 1100 3311.16 I 250 6430.79 I 6 1700.0 I
600 2577.37 II 680 3318.84 I 200 6450.36 I 5 1708.0 I
600 2603.49 II 330 d 3330.99 II 380 6485.37 I 10 1822.4 I
1400 2608.63 I 640 3371.54 I 65 6505.52 I 26000 2002.02 I
1200 2635.58 II 360 3385.05 I 100 6514.39 I 6500 2081.16 I
860 2636.90 I 450 3406.94 I 100 6516.10 I 18000 2142.81 I
2400 2647.47 I 490 3480.52 I 100 6574.84 I 3200 2147.25 I
2600 2653.27 I 380 3497.85 I 110 6611.95 I 500 2259.02 I
1900 2656.61 I 490 3511.04 I 75 6621.30 I 1200 2383.26 I
1500 2661.34 I 750 3607.41 I 100 6673.73 I 1500 2385.78 I
770 2675.90 II 980 3626.62 I 180 6675.53 I 50 2438.69 II
1500 2685.17 II 500 3642.06 I 75 c 6740.73 I 120 2530.72 I
470 2694.52 II 210 3918.51 I 75 6771.74 I 100 2649.66 II
1000 2698.30 I 210 3970.10 I 160 c 6813.25 I 80 2661.10 II
1200 2710.13 I 210 3996.17 I 210 6866.23 I 110 2677.13 I
2600 2714.67 I 410 4061.40 I 180 6875.27 I 100 2858.29 II
470 2727.44 II 310 4067.91 I 150 6902.10 I 150 2895.41 II
1200 2748.78 I 300 4205.88 I 140 6927.38 I 70 2967.29 II
860 2749.83 I 360 c 4510.98 I 140 6928.54 I 70 3047.00 II
410 2752.49 II 340 4574.31 I 65 6951.26 I 100 3175.14 I
1000 2758.31 I 260 4619.51 I 180 6966.13 I 60 3256.80 II
430 2761.68 II 450 4681.88 I 110 d 6995.22 I 60 3329.22 II


150 3406.79 II 689 9956.30 I 810 d 3472.79 II 390 4196.74 I
Atomic
50 3442.25 II 325 9977.13 I 810 3500.84 II 650 4203.74 I

50 3521.11 II 5950 10051.41 I 5700 3509.17 II 600 4206.49 I
50 3552.19 II 4097 10091.01 I 1300 3523.66 II 480 4215.09 I
100 3611.78 II 381 10118.08 I 1100 3540.24 II 480 4232.82 I
50 3617.57 II 397 10300.56 I 810 3543.89 II 650 4266.34 I
50 4006.52 II 745 10493.57 I 3200 3561.74 II 760 cw 4278.52 II
70 4127.32 II 1880 10918.34 I 810 3567.35 II 450 4310.42 I
100 4169.77 II 10200 11089.56 I 4200 3568.52 II 2200 4318.83 I
80 4225.73 II 508 11163.74 I 1600 3568.98 II 600 4322.23 I
100 4261.11 II 6620 11487.23 I 1100 3579.20 II 600 4325.83 II
60 4273.43 II 1580 13247.75 I 710 3585.03 II 3000 4326.43 I
80 4285.85 II 1050 14513.51 I 810 3596.38 II 600 4332.12 I
150 4364.00 II 1480 15452.45 I 1600 3600.44 II 870 4336.43 I
75 4385.10 II 2430 15546.23 I 810 3625.54 II 600 4337.64 I
170 4478.63 II 3760 16403.90 I 2300 3650.40 II 1700 4338.41 I
80 4537.07 II 1960 17303.54 I 810 3654.88 II 700 4340.62 I
100 4557.78 II 2780 18291.59 I 2000 3658.88 II 870 4356.81 I
70 4630.62 II 1020 21043.73 I 3800 3676.35 II 330 4382.45 I
100 4641.12 II 464 21602.50 I 810 3682.26 II 300 4388.23 I
180 4654.37 II 74 22555.29 I 450 3693.58 I 260 4390.91 I
200 4686.91 II 38 26539.17 I 450 3700.12 I 350 4423.10 I
100 4696.38 II 4700 3702.86 II 240 4436.12 I
Terbium Tb Z = 65
100 4706.53 II 2400 3703.92 II 240 4448.04 I
1000 1259.40 IV
100 4766.05 II 1000 d 3711.76 II 430 4493.07 I
1000 1327.67 IV
100 4784.87 II 650 3745.04 I 75 4514.31 II
1000 1373.86 IV
100 4827.14 II 870 3747.17 II 110 4549.07 I
5000 1595.39 IV
150 4831.28 II 870 3747.34 II 110 4550.45 I
2000 1633.19 IV
150 4842.90 II 1100 3755.24 II 110 4556.46 I
2000 2027.79 IV
130 4865.12 II 650 3759.35 I 110 4563.69 II
1000 2089.98 IV
200 4866.24 II 1700 3765.14 I 210 4578.69 II
1000 2332.54 IV
8 5083.0 I 2100 3776.49 II 65 4584.84 II
110 2584.61 II
50 5449.84 II 600 3783.53 I 65 4591.56 II
110 2608.57 II
50 5487.95 II 410 3789.92 I 75 d 4626.32 II
130 2628.69 II
150 5576.35 II 760 d 3806.85 II 95 4626.94 II
140 2669.29 II
150 5649.26 II 1500 3830.26 I 65 4632.07 I
190 2704.07 II
100 5666.20 II 540 3833.42 I 65 h 4636.59 I
270 2769.53 II
200 5708.12 II 920 d 3842.50 II 85 4641.00 II
320 2897.44 II
150 5755.85 II 3700 3848.73 II 210 4641.98 II
250 2956.21 II
100 5974.68 II 3500 w 3874.17 II 260 cw 4645.31 II
230 3010.59 II
50 6367.13 II 480 3888.22 I 80 4647.23 I
230 3016.18 II
10 h 6790.0 I 490 3894.64 I 80 4662.79 I
460 3053.55 II
20 h 6837.6 I 2400 3899.20 II 80 4676.90 I
460 3070.05 II
20 h 6854.7 I 1600 3901.33 I 70 c 4681.87 I
670 3078.86 II
15 h 7191.1 I 480 3908.06 I 80 4688.63 II
480 3082.36 II
20 h 7263.5 I 650 3915.43 I 80 4693.11 II
480 3089.58 II
12 7460.98 II 760 3925.45 II 200 4702.41 II
480 3102.96 II
15 7468.75 II 810 d 3939.52 II 110 4707.94 II
440 3139.64 II
15 7921.69 II 2200 d 3976.84 II 80 4739.93 I
480 3187.26 II
15 7943.14 II 1800 3981.87 II 70 4747.80 I
480 3199.56 II
10 7950.34 II 970 4002.59 II 410 cw 4752.53 II
1100 3218.93 II
30 h 8061.4 I 1900 4005.47 II 180 4786.78 I
1200 3219.98 II
10 8122.44 II 760 4012.75 II 100 4813.77 I
480 3252.32 II
20 8186.44 II 870 4032.28 I 80 4875.57 II
760 3280.31 II
15 8273.53 II 2100 4033.03 II 80 4881.15 II
760 3281.40 II
15 8672.95 II 430 4054.12 I 95 4915.90 I
1000 3285.04 II
10 8733.81 II 410 4060.37 I 65 4931.79 I
1500 3293.07 II
205 8758.18 I 1300 4061.58 I 85 4993.82 II
3800 3324.40 II
81 9004.37 I 650 4105.37 I 110 5078.25 I
760 3349.42 II
5660 9722.74 I 1100 4144.41 II 75 5089.12 II
760 3364.93 II
532 9868.92 I 350 4158.53 I 85 5186.13 I
810 3454.06 II


120 5228.12 I 20 1034.73 IV 15 4981.35 II 910 3256.274 II
Atomic
75 5248.71 I 20 1036.61 IV 25 5078.54 II 180 3257.366 I
75 w 5262.11 II 10 r 1049.73 II 25 5152.14 II 910 3262.668 II
75 5281.05 I 8r 1050.30 II 18000 5350.46 I 620 3287.789 II
65 5304.72 I 5r 1074.97 II 15 d 5384.85 II 910 3291.739 II
110 5319.23 I 30 1079.68 IV 10 5410.97 II 620 3292.520 II
65 w 5337.90 I 10 r 1130.17 II 25 5949.48 II 240 3301.650 I
160 5354.88 I 15 r 1162.55 II 10 6179.98 II 480 3304.238 I
75 5369.72 I 10 r 1167.43 II 10 6378.32 II 510 3321.450 II
75 5375.98 I 10 r 1183.41 II 16 h 6549.84 I 840 3325.120 II
50 5424.10 II 12 r 1194.84 II 10 6966.5 II 250 3330.476 I
55 5459.81 I 5r 1246.00 II 10 7815.80 I 620 3334.604 II
55 5509.61 I 10 1266.33 III 20 8373.6 I 620 3337.870 II
50 5514.54 I 15 r 1307.50 II 10 8474.27 I 310 3348.768 I
65 5524.12 I 8r 1310.20 II 10 8664.1 II 980 3351.228 II
85 c 5747.58 I 25 r 1321.71 II 20 9130. II 620 3358.602 II
75 5795.64 I 8r 1330.40 II 20 9130.5 I 250 3374.974 I
75 5803.13 II 10 r 1373.52 II 40 9509.4 I 1300 3392.035 II
65 5815.36 I 10 1477.14 III 20 9930.4 I 200 3396.727 I
65 5851.07 I 8r 1489.65 I 30 10011.9 I 250 3398.544 I
65 5870.62 I 10 r 1499.30 II 40 10488.80 I 200 3405.558 I
65 c 5920.78 I 10 r 1507.82 II 1000 11512.82 I 250 3413.012 I
75 5967.34 II 15 r 1561.58 II 150 12736.4 I 390 3421.210 I
35 6331.68 II 10 r 1568.57 II 700 13013.2 I 270 3423.989 I
35 cw 6518.68 I 7r 1593.26 II 980 3433.998 II
Thorium Th Z = 90
35 6581.82 I 5h 1616. I 770 3435.976 II
150 1707.37 IV
90 6677.94 II 5 1685.40 I 1300 3469.920 II
200 1959.02 IV
40 cw 6702.61 I 10 r 1792.76 II 170 3471.218 I
200 2002.34 IV
130 6794.58 II 12 r 1814.85 II 200 3486.552 I
200 2413.50 III
55 6896.37 II 25 r 1908.64 II 670 3539.587 II
200 2427.94 III
45 h 6899.95 I 100 r 2007.56 I 180 3544.018 I
200 2431.68 III
40 6901.98 I 100 r 2210.71 I 170 3549.595 I
200 2441.24 III
65 7204.28 I 30 2298.04 II 200 3555.013 I
500 2565.593 II
40 7257.73 I 140 2315.98 I 530 3559.451 II
480 2692.415 II
45 7348.88 II 900 h 2379.69 I 200 3576.557 I
520 2747.156 II
45 7496.12 I 20 2530.86 II 270 3592.780 I
410 2752.166 II
27 h 7582.03 II 700 2580.14 I 270 3598.120 I
800 2832.315 II
45 7590.24 I 420 2709.23 I 980 3609.445 II
1200 2837.295 II
65 7596.44 I 4400 d 2767.87 I 200 3612.427 I
100 2848.084 I
30 7627.81 I 10 2849.80 II 480 3615.133 II
550 2870.406 II
30 7737.63 I 2800 2918.32 I 270 3635.943 I
100 2936.086 I
30 7855.79 II 20 3091.56 II 210 3642.248 I
100 2943.729 I
27 7927.90 II 15 3185.51 II 170 3649.735 I
420 3049.092 II
30 8025.42 II 15 3186.56 II 220 3663.202 I
450 3067.729 II
30 8085.06 II 15 3187.74 II 280 3669.968 I
670 3078.828 II
65 8194.82 II 1200 3229.75 I 700 3675.567 II
480 3080.217 II
95 8212.57 I 15 3291.01 II 150 3682.486 I
510 3108.296 II
40 8450.06 II 15 3369.15 II 170 3692.566 I
100 3116.263 I
30 h 8511.80 I 9 3456.34 III 180 3698.105 I
510 3119.526 II
45 8583.45 II 20000 3519.24 I 340 3706.767 I
510 3122.963 II
30 8603.40 I 5000 3529.43 I 590 3719.435 I
480 3125.507 II
65 8765.74 II 8 3540.08 II 770 3721.825 II
100 3136.216 I
9 3560.68 II 1300 3741.183 II
Thallium Tl Z = 81 420 3139.306 II
12000 w 3775.72 I 310 3747.539 I
10 570.49 IV 420 3142.835 II
10 3832.30 II 650 3752.569 II
5r 670.87 II 420 3175.726 II
10 3887.15 II 180 3770.056 I
15 r 696.30 II 1100 3180.193 II
7 4109.85 III 590 3803.075 I
5r 709.23 II 770 3188.233 II
6 4269.81 III 450 3828.384 I
10 r 817.18 II 560 3221.292 II
20 4274.98 II 840 3839.746 II
5r 836.34 II 560 3229.009 II
40 4306.80 II 450 3863.405 II
8r 1018.85 II 480 3235.84 II
20 4737.05 II 210 3875.374 I
30 1028.69 IV 590 3238.116 II


340 3895.419 I 40 7191.132 II 1900 3151.04 II 6800 3883.13 I
Atomic
590 3929.669 II 35 7208.006 I 1500 3157.34 II 1800 3883.44 II

200 3932.911 I 50 7525.508 II 450 3172.65 I 5400 3887.35 I
390 3967.392 I 30 7647.380 I 2300 3172.83 II 440 3896.62 I
200 3972.155 I 30 8330.451 I 1200 3236.81 II 3500 3916.48 I
150 3980.089 I 40 8967.641 I 1600 3240.23 II 1500 3949.27 I
530 3994.549 II 20 9833.42 I 2300 3241.54 II 1500 3958.10 II
220 4008.210 I 20 10726.93 I 320 3246.96 I 1800 3996.52 II
220 4009.056 I 20 10942.24 II 1900 3258.05 II 220 4024.23 I
280 4012.495 I 30 11230.259 I 1600 3266.64 II 380 4044.47 I
4200 4019.129 II 20 11984.67 II 1200 3267.40 II 10000 4094.19 I
250 4030.842 I 20 17208.22 II 1100 3276.81 II 9500 4105.84 I
250 4036.047 I 15 18811.88 I 1200 3283.40 II 1100 4138.33 I
250 4063.407 I 10 22264.35 II 1200 3285.61 II 8800 4187.62 I
700 4086.520 II 2300 3291.00 II 6000 4203.73 I
Thulium Tm Z = 69
700 4094.747 II 2000 3302.46 II 380 4222.67 I
5000 2185.94 III
150 4100.341 I 1200 3309.80 II 3000 4242.15 II
360 2284.79 II
840 4108.421 II 230 3349.99 I 270 4271.71 I
20000 2296.21 III
240 4112.754 I 4000 3362.61 II 150 4298.36 I
5000 2305.03 III
280 4115.758 I 1700 3397.50 II 2700 4359.93 I
20000 2311.16 III
1100 4116.713 II 850 3410.05 I 1400 4386.43 I
5000 2312.72 III
200 4127.411 I 340 3412.59 I 200 4394.42 I
5000 2326.19 III
200 4134.067 I 340 3416.59 I 140 4396.50 I
6000 2328.50 III
450 4149.986 II 6400 3425.08 II 120 4454.03 I
6000 2329.29 III
620 4178.060 II 340 3429.33 I 540 4481.26 II
3000 2331.80 III
620 4208.890 II 4900 3441.50 II 150 4519.60 I
3000 2357.05 III
110 4253.538 I 4900 3453.66 II 260 4522.57 II
4000 2406.63 III
110 4260.333 I 8500 3462.20 II 110 4548.60 I
450 2409.02 II
480 4277.313 II 210 3467.51 I 270 4599.02 I
450 2426.17 II
700 4282.042 II 340 3476.69 I 300 4615.94 II
770 2480.13 II
130 4337.277 I 340 3480.98 I 80 4626.33 II
30000 2489.44 III
1300 4381.860 II 420 3487.38 I 95 4626.56 II
2000 2504.71 III
1100 4391.110 II 340 3499.95 I 110 4634.26 II
1300 2509.08 II
110 4498.940 I 250 3517.60 I 120 4655.09 I
3000 2519.78 III
280 4510.527 II 1700 3535.52 II 160 4681.92 I
130 2527.02 I
90 4723.438 I 420 3537.91 I 120 4691.11 I
10000 2552.46 III
50 4840.843 I 210 3555.82 I 110 4724.26 I
360 2552.76 I
280 4863.163 II 340 3560.92 I 680 4733.34 I
540 2561.65 II
260 5017.255 II 420 3563.88 I 70 4759.90 I
430 2588.27 II
110 5067.974 I 1300 3566.47 II 80 4831.20 II
170 h 2596.49 I
120 5148.211 II 420 3567.36 I 140 4957.18 I
810 2607.06 II
95 5216.596 II 280 3586.07 I 160 5009.77 II
730 2624.33 II
110 5231.160 I 2100 3608.77 II 160 5034.22 II
5000 2682.32 III
95 5247.654 II 1000 3629.09 III 150 5060.90 I
2000 2707.03 III
60 5343.581 I 380 3638.41 I 95 5113.97 I
3000 2719.47 III
60 5587.026 I 1100 3668.09 II 80 5213.38 I
540 2721.19 II
95 5707.103 II 4800 3700.26 II 650 5307.12 I
3000 2724.44 III
70 5760.551 I 3800 3701.36 II 80 5346.49 II
4000 2727.56 III
85 5989.044 II 7700 3717.91 I 270 5631.41 I
680 2794.60 II
60 6169.822 I 2400 3734.12 II 520 5675.84 I
730 2797.27 II
50 6182.622 I 5000 3744.06 I 40 5684.76 II
2000 2806.77 III
50 6274.116 II 1700 3751.81 I 35 5709.97 II
580 2827.92 II
50 6274.117 II 6000 3761.33 II 190 5764.29 I
200 2854.17 I
50 6355.911 II 4800 3761.91 II 35 5838.76 II
1600 2869.23 II
60 6457.283 I 7100 3795.75 II 240 5895.63 I
1000 2947.72 III
50 6462.614 I 770 3798.54 I 140 5971.26 I
490 2973.22 I
50 h 6531.342 I 600 3807.72 I 200 6460.26 I
1000 2998.28 III
55 6989.656 I 290 3826.39 I 95 6604.96 I
1500 3015.30 II
30 7045.795 II 1300 3838.20 II 110 6779.77 I
360 3081.12 I
30 7084.171 I 290 3840.87 I 120 6844.26 I
7400 3131.26 II
30 7168.896 I 8900 3848.02 II 80 6845.76 I
2300 3133.89 II


10 6937.37 I 120 r 1823.00 I 110 3330.62 I 15 498.26 V
Atomic
10 7017.90 I 9 1831.89 II 60 3351.97 II 14 502.08 V
12 7034.34 I 50 r 1848.75 I 10 3472.46 II 13 526.57 V
10 7106.14 I 200 r 1860.32 I 11 3575.45 II 18 779.07 IV
17 7272.62 I 80 1886.05 I 280 r 3801.02 I 20 1298.66 III
14 7310.51 I 100 1891.40 I 10 5332.36 II 20 1298.97 III
14 7432.18 I 12 1899.91 II 20 5561.95 II 23 1455.19 III
75 7481.08 I 50 1909.30 I 25 5588.92 II 20 1467.34 IV
75 7490.20 I 80 1925.31 I 500 5631.71 I 11 1717.40 V
140 7558.33 I 500 1941.86 III 15 5799.18 II 10 1841.49 V
80 7731.53 I 150 1952.15 I 50 5925.44 I 20 2067.56 IV
40 7856.08 I 50 h 1977.6 I 100 5970.30 I 18 2103.16 IV
55 7927.51 I 80 1984.20 I 150 6037.70 I 180 2273.28 I
110 7930.84 I 50 2040.66 I 250 6069.00 I 190 2279.96 I
95 8017.90 I 50 2054.03 I 100 6073.46 I 190 2305.67 I
27 8472.01 II 70 2058.31 I 400 6149.71 I 22 2413.99 III
80 2068.58 I 200 6154.60 I 25 2516.05 III
Tin Sn Z = 50
100 2072.89 I 150 6171.50 I 360 2525.60 II
7 169.47 II
100 2073.08 I 100 6310.78 I 24 2527.84 III
150 361.01 V
200 2096.39 I 70 6453.50 II 210 2529.85 I
100 753.01 III
100 2100.93 I 25 6844.05 II 190 2531.25 II
200 910.92 III
100 r 2113.93 I 20 7191.40 II 190 2534.62 II
500 956.25 IV
50 2121.26 I 10 7387.79 II 130 2535.87 II
7 985.13 II
40 r 2148.73 I 13 7741.80 II 23 2540.06 III
500 1019.72 IV
20 r 2151.43 I 100 7754.97 I 24 2563.44 III
1000 1044.49 IV
30 2151.54 II 100 h 8030.5 I 23 2565.42 III
1000 1073.41 IV
80 2171.32 I 200 8114.09 I 22 2567.56 III
200 1089.35 V
150 r 2194.49 I 80 8357.04 I 270 2599.92 I
8 1108.19 II
300 r 2199.34 I 300 8422.72 I 340 2605.15 I
1000 1119.34 IV
400 r 2209.65 I 400 8552.60 I 510 2611.28 I
1000 1139.29 III
80 r 2231.72 I 50 h 8681.7 I 300 2619.94 I
1000 1158.33 III
400 r 2246.05 I 50 h 9410.86 I 640 2641.10 I
200 1160.74 V
60 2251.17 I 80 h 9415.37 I 800 2644.26 I
10 1161.43 II
400 r 2268.91 I 150 9616.40 I 950 2646.64 I
1000 1184.25 III
200 r 2286.68 I 50 9741.1 I 250 2742.32 I
2000 1210.52 III
600 r 2317.23 I 100 h 9742.8 I 250 2802.50 I
9 1219.07 II
300 r 2334.80 I 300 h 9805.38 I 190 2841.94 II
13 1223.70 II
1000 r 2354.84 I 500 9850.52 I 180 2877.44 II
11 1243.00 II
22 2368.33 II 54 10894.00 I 280 2884.11 II
2000 1251.38 V
100 2408.15 I 70 11191.85 I 450 2912.08 I
1000 1259.92 III
800 r 2421.70 I 56 11277.66 I 340 2928.34 I
20 1290.86 II
1000 r 2429.49 I 200 11454.59 I 1100 2942.00 I
200 1294.36 V
15 2448.98 II 200 11616.26 I 1300 2948.26 I
1000 1305.97 III
300 2483.39 I 258 11739.78 I 1600 2956.13 I
1000 1314.55 IV
13 2483.48 II 96 11825.18 I 22 2984.75 III
20 1316.59 II
10 2486.99 II 106 11835.82 I 1300 d 3066.22 II
1000 1327.34 III
200 2495.70 I 254 11932.99 I 1100 3072.97 II
1000 1347.65 III
400 2546.55 I 48 12009.50 I 1600 3075.22 II
1000 1386.74 III
500 r 2571.58 I 111 12313.24 I 2300 3078.64 II
25 1400.52 II
200 2594.42 I 42 12530.87 I 3600 3088.02 II
1000 1437.52 IV
200 r 2661.24 I 42 12536.5 I 720 3119.72 I
20 1475.15 II
700 r 2706.51 I 89 12888.5 I 500 3161.20 II
9 1489.22 II
150 2779.81 I 187 12981.7 I 780 3161.77 II
1000 1570.36 III
1400 r 2839.99 I 187 13018.5 I 1000 3162.57 II
10 r 1737.21 I
1000 r 2863.32 I 68 13081.5 I 1600 3168.52 II
15 r 1751.46 I
700 r 3009.14 I 378 13460.2 I 2400 3186.45 I
20 r 1764.98 I
850 r 3034.12 I 144 13608.2 I 1000 3190.87 II
30 r 1790.75 I
12 3047.50 II 40 20861.7 I 3100 3191.99 I
80 r 1804.60 I
550 r 3175.05 I 4 24738.2 I 3800 3199.92 I
15 1811.34 II
550 r 3262.34 I 780 3202.54 II
500 1811.71 III Titanium Ti Z = 22
50 3283.21 II 1100 3217.06 II
40 r 1815.74 I 17 252.96 V


1300 3222.84 II 950 3962.85 I 840 5020.03 I 20 8466.87 III
Atomic
6600 3234.52 II 950 3964.27 I 840 5022.87 I 90 8675.39 I

5200 3236.57 II 4800 3981.76 I 1200 5035.91 I
Tungsten W Z = 74
4100 3239.04 II 570 3982.48 I 840 5036.47 I
5800 2001.71 II
2600 3241.99 II 5700 3989.76 I 740 5038.40 I
13000 2008.07 II
1200 3248.60 II 7800 3998.64 I 1200 5039.95 I
5100 2009.98 II
1200 3252.91 II 950 4008.93 I 1400 5064.66 I
4100 2010.23 II
1200 3254.25 II 1200 4024.57 I 1100 5173.75 I
4100 2014.23 II
1200 3261.60 II 840 4078.47 I 1300 5192.98 I
7300 2026.08 II
840 3314.42 I 890 4286.01 I 1400 5210.39 I
15000 2029.98 II
2900 3322.94 II 840 4287.40 I 17 5278.12 III
5300 2049.63 II
2100 3329.46 II 950 4289.07 I 20 5398.93 IV
9700 2079.11 II
1800 3335.20 II 840 4290.94 I 340 5512.53 I
6100 2094.75 II
1100 3340.34 II 840 4295.76 I 270 5514.35 I
2100 2118.87 II
5700 3341.88 I 2000 4298.66 I 320 5514.54 I
2400 2121.59 II
4300 3349.04 II 200 4300.05 II 250 5644.14 I
1500 2166.32 II
12000 3349.41 II 2900 4300.56 I 130 5675.44 I
1300 2204.48 II
4100 3354.64 I 4100 4301.09 I 95 5689.47 I
460 2249.80 I
7200 3361.21 II 6000 4305.92 I 95 5715.13 I
510 2277.58 I
1100 3370.44 I 1200 4314.80 I 85 5739.51 I
530 d 2294.49 I
4300 3371.45 I 330 4395.04 II 400 5866.46 I
340 2309.02 I
5700 3372.80 II 890 4427.10 I 230 5899.32 I
440 2313.17 I
2900 d 3377.48 I 230 4443.80 II 120 5918.55 I
460 2321.63 I
1400 3380.28 II 840 4449.15 I 150 5922.12 I
390 d 2326.56 I
5700 3383.76 II 550 4450.90 I 120 5941.76 I
320 2354.61 I
1400 3385.95 I 840 4453.32 I 300 5953.17 I
580 2360.44 I
1400 3387.84 II 950 4455.33 I 200 5965.84 I
850 2363.07 I
1100 3394.58 II 1100 4457.43 I 270 5978.56 I
510 2374.47 I
890 3444.31 II 240 4468.50 II 340 5999.04 I
670 2384.82 I
600 3461.50 II 530 4481.26 I 110 6064.63 I
730 2397.09 II
600 3477.18 II 780 4512.74 I 120 6085.23 I
560 2397.73 I
480 3491.05 II 1000 4518.03 I 120 6091.17 I
560 2397.98 I
890 3504.89 II 1000 4522.80 I 120 6126.22 I
1700 d 2405.58 I
600 3510.84 II 780 4527.31 I 17 6246.65 IV
610 2415.68 I
17 3576.44 IV 6000 4533.24 I 380 6258.10 I
870 2424.21 I
600 3610.16 I 240 4533.97 II 380 6258.70 I
1800 2435.96 I
4800 3635.46 I 3600 4534.78 I 300 6261.10 I
580 2444.06 I
6600 3642.68 I 2400 4535.58 I 55 6546.28 I
780 2451.48 II
7200 3653.50 I 1200 4535.92 I 65 6554.23 I
870 2452.00 I
600 3671.67 I 1200 4536.05 I 75 6556.07 I
630 2454.98 I
3100 3685.20 II 720 4544.69 I 18 6621.58 III
780 2455.51 I
600 3689.91 I 950 4548.77 I 18 6667.99 III
780 2456.53 I
2900 3729.82 I 240 4549.63 II 80 6743.12 I
1100 2459.30 I
3300 3741.06 I 15 4549.84 III 20 7072.64 III
1400 2466.85 I
330 3741.64 II 950 4552.46 I 18 7084.57 III
480 2472.51 I
5200 3752.86 I 720 4555.49 I 260 7209.44 I
1200 2474.15 I
3300 3759.30 II 240 4571.98 II 130 7244.86 I
870 2480.13 I
2900 3761.32 II 15 d 4572.20 III 130 7251.72 I
1500 2481.44 I
840 3786.04 I 950 4617.27 I 120 7344.72 I
480 d 2482.10 I
500 3882.89 I 480 4623.09 I 90 7357.74 I
580 2484.74 I
530 3900.54 II 720 4656.47 I 60 7364.11 I
390 2487.50 I
2600 3904.78 I 840 4667.59 I 60 7978.88 I
390 2489.23 II
500 3913.46 II 950 4681.92 I 55 8024.84 I
630 2495.26 I
500 3914.34 I 470 4840.87 I 75 8364.24 I
680 2504.70 I
15 3915.47 III 400 4885.08 I 100 8377.85 I
75 2510.47 II
1100 3924.53 I 380 4899.91 I 100 8382.54 I
310 2520.46 I
890 3929.88 I 5800 4981.73 I 75 8396.87 I
780 2521.32 I
1100 3947.78 I 4600 4991.07 I 120 8412.36 I
270 2522.04 II
4500 3948.67 I 4000 4999.51 I 170 8426.52 I
780 2523.41 I
4500 3956.34 I 3600 5007.21 I 490 8434.94 I
430 2527.76 I
5200 3958.21 I 3200 d 5014.19 I 240 8435.70 I
780 2533.64 I


1200 2547.14 I 440 3046.44 I 2200 4302.11 I 580 2931.41 II
Atomic
780 2550.38 I 810 3049.69 I 200 4378.48 I 530 p 2940.37 II
2700 2551.35 I 180 3073.28 I 180 4384.85 I 1300 2941.92 II
730 2561.97 I 180 d 3084.83 I 200 4408.28 I 830 2943.90 II
870 2580.49 I 370 3093.50 I 640 4484.19 I 580 2956.06 II
390 2584.39 I 240 3107.23 I 170 4588.73 I 580 2967.94 II
390 2589.17 II 240 3108.02 I 640 4659.87 I 580 2971.06 II
370 2601.96 I 230 3117.57 I 640 4680.51 I 530 2984.61 II
680 2606.39 I 260 3120.18 I 790 4843.81 I 630 3022.21 II
370 2608.32 I 290 3163.42 I 380 4886.90 I 630 3031.99 II
970 2613.08 I 320 3176.60 I 220 4982.59 I 580 3050.20 II
480 2613.82 I 190 3181.82 I 820 5053.28 I 630 3057.91 II
400 2620.25 I 390 3191.57 I 770 5224.66 I 630 3062.54 II
400 2622.21 I 390 3198.84 I 220 5514.68 I 580 3072.78 II
400 2625.22 I 520 3207.25 I 65 5648.37 I 580 3093.01 II
400 2632.48 I 1000 3215.56 I 55 5735.09 I 580 3102.39 II
400 2632.70 I 190 3232.49 I 45 5804.85 I 970 3111.62 II
810 2633.13 I 210 3254.36 I 40 5902.64 I 530 3119.35 II
400 d 2638.62 I 210 3259.66 I 55 5947.57 I 680 3124.95 II
650 2646.18 I 210 d 3266.62 I 55 5965.86 I 530 3139.61 II
400 2646.73 I 730 3300.82 I 55 6012.78 I 680 3149.24 II
1600 2656.54 I 440 3311.38 I 40 6021.52 I 530 3153.11 II
810 2662.84 I 440 3326.20 I 45 6292.02 I 730 3229.50 II
810 2671.47 I 440 3331.69 I 35 6404.21 I 680 3232.16 II
650 2677.28 I 390 3373.75 I 40 6445.12 I 730 3291.33 II
2100 2681.42 I 230 3429.59 I 17 6611.62 I 1100 3305.89 II
650 2695.67 I 240 3443.00 I 13 6678.42 I 730 3390.38 I
650 2699.59 I 400 3495.24 I 15 6693.08 I 580 3424.56 II
400 2700.01 I 650 3545.22 I 13 6984.27 I 580 3435.49 I
400 2706.58 I 240 3570.65 I 15 7140.52 I 630 3466.30 I
400 2708.59 I 1900 3617.52 I 9 7162.64 I 680 3482.49 II
400 d 2708.80 I 650 3682.08 I 11 7200.16 I 1600 3489.37 I
400 2715.50 I 400 3683.30 I 10 7278.24 I 530 3496.41 II
2100 2718.91 I 570 3688.06 I 15 7285.81 I 630 3500.08 I
2600 2724.35 I 810 3707.92 I 15 7296.55 I 780 3507.34 I
400 2725.03 I 510 3757.92 I 10 7509.00 I 1600 3514.61 I
650 2748.84 I 680 3760.13 I 17 7569.92 I 630 3533.57 II
400 2762.34 I 1000 3768.45 I 17 7614.15 I 530 3540.47 II
400 2764.27 II 340 3773.71 I 13 7688.97 I 1200 3550.82 II
400 2769.74 I 1000 3780.77 I 11 7784.15 I 680 3555.32 I
810 2770.88 I 290 3809.22 I 22 8017.19 I 1200 3561.80 I
810 2774.00 I 190 3810.38 I 22 8055.64 I 2300 3566.59 I
810 2774.48 I 260 3810.79 I 13 8123.82 I 530 3569.08 I
810 2792.70 I 1400 3817.48 I 10 8338.08 I 630 3578.72 II
400 2799.93 I 1100 3835.06 I 27 8585.11 I 3200 3584.88 I
810 2818.06 I 730 3846.22 I 10 8594.42 I 840 3638.20 I
1600 2831.38 I 1800 3867.99 I 13 8865.53 I 2800 3670.07 II
810 2833.63 I 730 3881.41 I 1100 3701.52 II
Uranium U Z = 92
810 2848.02 I 8600 4008.75 I 600 3738.04 II
440 2565.41 II
1500 2896.44 I 540 4015.22 I 680 3746.42 II
610 2635.53 II
690 2935.00 I 910 4045.59 I 950 3748.68 II
830 2793.94 II
2400 2944.40 I 730 4069.95 I 600 3751.17 I
870 2802.56 II
2400 2946.99 I 5000 4074.36 I 1900 3782.84 II
630 2807.05 II
730 d 2979.71 I 1000 4102.70 I 570 3793.10 II
630 2817.96 II
360 3013.79 I 540 4137.46 I 1900 3811.99 I
870 2821.12 II
520 3016.47 I 450 4171.17 I 750 3826.51 II
680 2828.90 II
770 3017.44 I 220 4207.05 I 2000 3831.46 II
920 2832.06 II
210 3024.93 I 250 4219.37 I 1200 3839.63 I
970 2865.68 II
310 d 3026.67 I 540 4244.36 I 2400 3854.64 II
1200 2889.62 II
440 d 3041.73 I 1400 4269.38 I 4900 3859.57 II
780 2906.80 II
270 3043.80 I 4100 4294.61 I 1900 3865.92 II
780 2908.28 II


1500 3871.03 I 500 1006.46 III 750 3190.68 II 510 4332.82 I
Atomic
1000 3881.45 II 500 1149.94 III 1100 3267.70 II 760 4341.01 I

2200 3890.36 II 100 1426.65 IV 900 3271.12 II 1000 4352.87 I
2000 3932.02 II 1000 1643.03 III 750 3276.12 II 12000 4379.24 I
1200 3943.82 I 1000 1650.14 III 80 h 3514.25 IV 7000 4384.72 I
1200 3985.79 II 100 1680.20 V 560 3517.30 II 4800 4389.97 I
1000 4042.75 I 1000 1694.78 III 560 3533.68 I 3600 4395.23 I
1600 4050.04 II 1000 1760.07 III 560 3545.20 II 1400 4400.58 I
880 4062.54 II 1000 1788.26 III 560 3556.80 II 2300 4406.64 I
2200 4090.13 II 1000 1794.60 III 560 3589.76 II 2800 4407.64 I
810 4116.10 II 1000 1812.19 III 490 3592.02 II 3600 4408.20 I
880 4153.97 I 300 1861.56 IV 560 3592.53 I 4600 4408.51 I
1400 4171.59 II 500 1939.06 IV 100 3679.86 III 640 4416.47 I
1000 4241.67 II 400 1951.43 IV 1300 3688.07 I 640 4421.57 I
600 4472.33 II 500 1997.72 IV 1000 3690.28 I 640 4437.84 I
620 4543.63 II 2100 2092.44 I 1500 3692.22 I 830 4441.68 I
170 4689.07 II 500 2268.30 IV 1000 3695.86 I 640 4444.21 I
150 4756.81 I 1000 2292.86 III 3800 3703.58 I 610 4452.01 I
110 5008.21 II 2500 2330.42 III 1800 3704.70 I 1000 4459.76 I
170 5027.38 I 2500 2371.06 III 320 3715.47 II 2000 4460.29 I
80 5160.32 II 1000 2382.46 III 250 3727.34 II 610 4462.36 I
70 5280.38 I 240 2507.78 I 280 3732.76 II 510 4577.17 I
80 5475.70 II 410 2526.22 I 520 3790.32 I 640 4580.40 I
70 5480.26 II 210 2527.90 II 1100 3794.96 I 830 4586.36 I
70 5481.20 II 80 h 2570.72 IV 570 3799.91 I 1300 4594.11 I
160 5492.95 II 230 2574.02 I 570 3803.47 I 230 4619.77 I
70 5780.59 I 250 2593.05 III 1000 3813.49 I 100 4635.18 I
70 5798.53 II 250 2595.10 III 1300 3818.24 I 130 4646.40 I
230 5915.39 I 80 h 2645.54 IV 1700 3828.56 I 160 4670.49 I
100 5976.32 I 180 2661.42 I 2600 3840.75 I 130 4776.36 I
90 6077.29 I 1100 2687.96 II 1200 3855.37 I 110 4786.51 I
55 6372.46 I 680 2700.94 II 3000 3855.84 I 130 4796.92 I
90 6395.42 I 530 2706.17 II 1300 3864.86 I 130 4807.53 I
110 6449.16 I 640 2715.69 II 1500 3875.08 I 130 4827.45 I
90 6826.92 I 180 2731.35 I 700 3890.18 I 150 4831.64 I
45 7533.93 I 240 2864.36 I 2400 3902.25 I 120 4832.43 I
50 7881.94 I 900 2891.64 II 700 3909.89 I 320 4851.48 I
35 8445.39 I 900 2892.66 II 540 3990.57 I 480 4864.74 I
75 8607.95 I 1400 2893.32 II 430 3998.73 I 620 4875.48 I
30 8757.76 I 900 2906.46 II 170 4005.71 II 740 4881.56 I
100 10554.93 I 2400 2908.82 II 1100 4090.58 I 110 5128.53 I
75 11167.84 I 710 2923.62 I 1800 4092.69 I 110 5138.42 I
100 11384.13 I 2400 2924.02 II 890 4095.49 I 110 5192.99 I
100 11859.42 I 1700 2924.64 II 2800 4099.80 I 110 5194.83 I
100 11908.83 I 900 2941.37 II 590 4102.16 I 110 5234.07 I
100 12250.46 I 1100 2944.57 II 2800 4105.17 I 110 5240.87 I
100 13185.16 I 410 2962.77 I 2300 4109.79 I 100 5401.93 I
75 13306.23 I 600 2968.38 II 8900 4111.78 I 140 5415.26 I
100 13961.58 I 1200 3056.33 I 4300 4115.18 I 140 5584.50 I
75 18634.43 I 1400 3060.46 I 1800 4116.47 I 100 5592.42 I
75 21910.22 I 2400 3066.38 I 2000 4123.57 I 200 5624.60 I
3800 3093.11 II 3100 4128.07 I 400 5627.64 I
Vanadium V Z = 23
3000 3102.30 II 3100 4132.02 I 110 5657.44 I
20 225.46 V
2600 3110.71 II 2300 4134.49 I 110 5668.36 I
20 251.66 V
2000 3118.38 II 20 4200.32 V 310 5670.85 I
20 286.84 V
1500 3125.28 II 360 4232.46 I 1200 5698.52 I
35 483.01 V
3200 3183.41 I 560 4268.64 I 920 5703.56 I
50 633.94 III
5300 3183.98 I 460 4271.55 I 570 5706.98 I
200 677.34 IV
3800 3185.40 I 460 4276.96 I 850 5727.03 I
500 684.37 IV
410 3187.71 II 430 4284.06 I 230 5731.25 I
400 737.85 IV
530 3188.51 II 460 4330.02 I 230 5737.06 I
100 864.27 III


450 6039.73 I 500 1032.44 II 2 3400.07 I 500 h 4310.51 II
Atomic
480 6081.44 I 700 1037.68 II 2 3418.37 I 1000 l 4330.52 II
1300 6090.22 I 1100 1041.31 II 2 3420.00 I 200 h 4369.20 II
600 6119.52 I 10 1047.8 III 3 3442.66 I 100 l 4373.78 II
450 6199.19 I 1000 1048.27 II 60 3444.2 III 500 h 4393.20 II
450 6216.37 I 1200 1051.92 II 70 3454.2 III 500 l 4395.77 II
430 6230.74 I 12 1066.4 III 100 w 3458.7 III 200 l 4406.88 II
710 6243.10 I 2000 1074.48 II 100 h 3461.26 II 150 l 4416.07 II
280 6251.82 I 600 1083.86 II 40 3468.22 III 50 4434.2 III
130 6268.82 I 1200 1100.43 II 4 3469.81 I 500 h 4448.13 II
170 6274.65 I 30 1130.3 III 4 3472.36 I 100 w 4462.1 III
200 6285.16 I 600 1158.47 II 5 3506.74 I 1000 h 4462.19 II
200 6292.83 I 250 1169.63 II 80 3522.83 III 500 l 4480.86 II
170 6296.49 I 800 p 1183.05 II 50 3542.3 III 100 l 4521.86 II
110 6531.43 I 250 1192.04 I 10 3549.86 I 100 w 4569.1 III
65 c 6753.00 I 25 1232.1 III 50 3552.1 III 100 w 4570.1 III
50 c 6766.49 I 600 1244.76 II 10 3554.04 I 100 w 4641.4 III
40 6784.98 I 250 1250.20 I 40 3561.4 III 30 4673.7 III
40 7338.92 I 1000 1295.59 I 100 3579.7 III 60 4683.57 III
35 7356.54 I 600 1469.61 I 80 3583.6 III 30 4723.60 III
29 c 8027.39 I 80 2668.98 III 100 w 3595.4 III 600 4734.152 I
120 w 8116.80 I 100 2717.33 III 100 3606.06 III 100 w 4757.3 III
70 c 8161.07 I 30 2814.45 III 40 3607.0 III 150 4792.619 I
60 c 8919.85 I 40 2815.91 III 15 3610.32 I 500 4807.02 I
30 2827.45 III 8 3613.06 I 400 4829.71 I
Xenon Xe Z = 54
40 2847.65 III 100 w 3615.9 III 300 4843.29 I
8 657.8 III
30 2862.40 III 40 3623.1 III 40 4869.5 III
8 660.1 III
200 2864.73 II 600 3624.08 III 500 4916.51 I
9 673.8 III
80 w 2871.10 III 6 3633.06 I 500 4923.152 I
9 674.0 III
60 w 2871.24 III 10 3669.91 I 200 l 4971.71 II
9 676.6 III
30 2871.7 III 50 3676.67 III 400 4972.71 II
10 694.0 III
150 h 2895.22 II 40 3685.90 I 300 4988.77 II
20 698.5 III
30 2896.62 III 40 3693.49 I 100 l 4991.17 II
12 705.1 III
50 2906.6 III 40 3776.3 III 200 5028.280 I
10 721.2 III
40 2911.89 III 300 3781.02 III 200 5044.92 II
15 731.0 III
80 w 2912.36 III 100 3841.5 III 1000 5080.62 II
10 733.3 III
40 2940.2 III 200 3877.8 III 300 5122.42 II
350 740.41 II
60 2945.2 III 60 3880.5 III 100 5125.70 II
15 742.6 III
40 2947.5 III 100 l 3907.91 II 100 5178.82 II
10 756.0 III
40 2948.1 III 500 3922.55 III 300 5188.04 II
10 761.5 III
80 w 2970.47 III 300 3950.59 III 400 5191.37 II
10 769.1 III
400 2979.32 II 100 4037.59 II 100 5192.10 II
25 779.1 III
40 2992.87 III 200 4050.07 III 60 5239.0 III
15 792.9 III
30 3004.25 III 200 l 4057.46 II 500 5260.44 II
12 796.1 III
100 h 3017.43 II 60 4060.4 III 500 5261.95 II
15 802.0 III
100 3023.81 III 100 h 4098.89 II 2000 5292.22 II
350 803.07 II
40 3083.5 III 100 4109.1 III 300 5309.27 II
25 823.2 III
50 3091.1 III 100 4145.7 III 1000 5313.87 II
30 824.9 III
30 3106.46 III 200 l 4158.04 II 2000 5339.33 II
25 853.0 III
300 3128.87 II 1000 h 4180.10 II 200 5363.20 II
600 880.80 II
100 w 3138.3 III 500 h 4193.15 II 30 5367.1 III
350 885.54 II
80 c 3150.82 III 300 h 4208.48 II 200 5368.07 II
15 889.3 III
40 3185.2 III 100 h 4209.47 II 500 5372.39 II
20 894.0 III
100 3242.86 III 300 h 4213.72 II 100 5392.80 I
20 896.0 III
80 3268.98 III 100 4215.60 II 50 5401.0 III
600 925.87 II
30 3287.82 III 300 h 4223.00 II 3000 5419.15 II
250 935.40 II
80 w 3301.55 III 400 h 4238.25 II 800 5438.96 II
10 965.5 III
40 3331.6 III 500 h 4245.38 II 300 5445.45 II
800 972.77 II
30 3358.0 III 100 l 4251.57 II 200 5450.45 II
700 976.68 II
200 h 3366.72 II 30 4285.9 III 400 5460.39 II
35 1003.4 III
80 3384.12 III 500 h 4296.40 II 1000 5472.61 II
35 1017.7 III


100 l 5494.86 II 200 6528.65 II 300 8739.39 I 500 30794.18 I
Atomic
40 5524.4 III 100 6533.16 I 100 8758.20 I 6000 31069.23 I

200 5525.53 II 1000 6595.01 II 5000 8819.41 I 125 31336.01 I
600 5531.07 II 100 6595.56 I 300 8862.32 I 550 31607.91 I
100 5566.62 I 400 6597.25 II 200 8908.73 I 100 32293.08 I
300 5616.67 II 100 6598.84 II 200 8930.83 I 1800 32739.26 I
300 5659.38 II 150 6668.92 I 1000 8952.25 I 3500 33666.69 I
600 5667.56 II 300 6694.32 II 100 8981.05 I 150 34014.67 I
150 5670.91 II 200 6728.01 I 200 8987.57 I 450 34335.27 I
100 5695.75 I 150 6788.71 II 400 9045.45 I 170 34744.00 I
200 5699.61 II 100 6790.37 II 500 9162.65 I 5000 35070.25 I
200 5716.10 II 1000 6805.74 II 100 9167.52 I 110 35246.92 I
500 5726.91 II 200 6827.32 I 100 9374.76 I 250 36209.21 I
500 5751.03 II 100 6872.11 I 200 9513.38 I 150 36231.74 I
300 5758.65 II 300 6882.16 I 50 h 9591.35 II 450 36508.36 I
300 5776.39 II 80 6910.22 II 150 9685.32 I 850 36788.83 I
100 5815.96 II 100 6925.53 I 50 l 9698.68 II 140 38685.98 I
300 5823.89 I 800 h 6942.11 II 100 9718.16 I 175 38737.82 I
150 5824.80 I 100 6976.18 I 2000 9799.70 I 270 38939.60 I
100 5875.02 I 2000 6990.88 II 3000 9923.19 I 120 39955.14 I
300 5893.29 II 150 7082.15 II 100 10838.37 I
Ytterbium Yb Z = 70
100 5894.99 I 500 7119.60 I 90 11742.01 I
1000 1050.24 IV
200 5905.13 II 50 s 7147.50 II 375 12235.24 I
1000 1054.46 IV
100 5934.17 I 200 7149.03 II 100 12257.76 I
5000 1134.43 IV
500 5945.53 II 500 7164.83 II 300 12590.20 I
900 1316.04 IV
300 5971.13 II 100 7284.34 II 2500 12623.391 I
800 1326.36 IV
2000 5976.46 II 200 7301.80 II 250 13544.15 I
900 1350.26 IV
200 6008.92 II 200 7339.30 II 2000 13657.055 I
80 1561.42 III
1000 6036.20 II 100 7386.00 I 1250 14142.444 I
80 h 1765.21 III
2000 6051.15 II 150 7393.79 I 800 14240.96 I
800 1791.06 IV
600 6093.50 II 300 7548.45 II 375 14364.99 I
100 1863.32 III
1500 6097.59 II 200 7584.68 I 140 14660.81 I
800 1873.91 III
400 6101.43 II 80 7618.57 II 3000 14732.806 I
500 1898.25 III
100 6115.08 II 500 7642.02 I 100 15099.72 I
500 1998.82 III
100 6146.45 II 100 7643.91 I 2500 15418.394 I
900 2116.65 IV
150 6178.30 I 200 7670.66 II 150 15557.13 I
2500 2116.67 II
120 6179.66 I 60 7787.04 II 250 15979.54 I
800 2123.32 IV
300 6182.42 I 100 7802.65 I 100 16039.90 I
3000 2126.74 II
500 6194.07 II 100 7881.32 I 1000 16053.28 I
800 2139.99 IV
100 6198.26 I 300 7887.40 I 125 16554.49 I
20000 2144.77 IV
60 6205.97 III 500 7967.34 I 1500 16728.15 I
15000 2154.18 IV
100 6220.02 II 100 8029.67 I 1500 17325.77 I
370 2161.60 II
25 6221.7 III 200 8057.26 I 350 18788.13 I
850 2185.71 II
60 6238.2 III 150 8061.34 I 150 20187.19 I
640 2224.46 II
60 6259.05 III 100 8101.98 I 3000 20262.242 I
300 2240.11 III
500 6270.82 II 150 h 8151.80 II 250 21470.09 I
300 2305.32 III
400 6277.54 II 100 8171.02 I 1250 23193.33 I
140 2320.81 II
100 6284.41 II 700 8206.34 I 110 23279.54 I
170 2390.74 II
100 6286.01 I 10000 8231.635 I 1800 24824.71 I
460 2464.50 I
250 6300.86 II 500 8266.52 I 175 25145.84 I
140 2512.06 II
500 6318.06 I 7000 8280.116 I 2000 26269.08 I
270 2538.67 II
400 6343.96 II 2000 8346.82 I 2500 26510.86 I
2000 2567.61 III
600 6356.35 II 100 8347.24 II 250 28381.54 I
1000 2579.57 III
200 6375.28 II 2000 8409.19 I 750 28582.25 I
800 2599.14 III
100 6397.99 II 50 h 8515.19 II 300 29384.41 I
600 2621.11 III
300 6469.70 I 200 8576.01 I 150 29448.06 I
1000 2642.56 III
150 6472.84 I 50 h 8604.23 II 100 29649.58 I
1000 2651.74 III
120 6487.76 I 250 8648.54 I 100 29813.62 I
700 2652.25 III
100 6498.72 I 100 8692.20 I 600 30253.14 I
990 2653.75 II
200 h 6504.18 I 200 8696.86 I 1500 30475.46 I
200 2665.04 II
300 6512.83 II 50 h 8716.19 II 100 30504.12 I
2000 2666.13 III


2000 2666.99 III 140 3418.39 I 170 4786.61 II 500 344.59 V
Atomic
390 2671.96 I 360 3426.04 I 35 4816.43 I 900 355.86 IV
390 2672.66 II 240 3431.11 I 40 4837.46 I 300 370.42 IV
170 2718.35 II 85 3452.40 I 40 h 4894.60 I 300 372.05 V
230 2748.66 II 500 3454.08 II 27 4912.36 I 400 379.96 V
1300 2750.48 II 190 d 3458.29 II 710 4935.50 I 500 386.82 IV
170 2776.28 II 360 3460.27 I 140 4966.90 I 300 403.45 V
600 2795.60 III 2400 3464.37 I 30 5067.80 I 300 420.74 V
1000 2803.43 III 500 3476.30 II 70 5069.14 I 600 425.03 IV
600 2816.92 III 500 3478.84 II 220 5074.34 I 300 473.10 IV
1000 2818.72 III 50 3517.00 I 50 5076.74 I 4000 584.98 V
140 2821.15 II 230 3520.29 II 60 5196.08 I 2000 630.97 V
190 2830.99 II 35 3559.03 I 85 5211.60 I 5000 805.20 III
230 h 2847.18 II 200 3560.33 II 100 5244.11 I 7000 809.92 III
360 2851.13 II 170 3560.70 II 150 h 5277.04 I 15000 989.21 III
430 2859.80 II 360 3585.47 II 170 5335.15 II 25000 996.37 III
140 2861.21 II 200 3619.80 II 30 h 5351.29 I 5000 1314.51 III
200 2867.06 II 240 3637.76 II 150 5352.95 II 4000 1334.04 III
45 2873.49 I 70 3648.15 I 30 5363.66 I 4000 2068.98 III
200 2888.04 II 90 3655.73 I 40 5449.27 II 10000 2127.98 III
3600 2891.38 II 240 3669.69 II 60 5481.92 I 16000 2191.16 III
600 2898.30 III 140 3675.08 II 40 5505.49 I 350 2243.06 II
1000 2906.31 III 32000 3694.19 II 17 5524.54 I 10000 2284.34 III
170 2914.21 II 70 3700.58 I 85 h 5539.05 I 10000 2327.31 III
140 2915.28 II 400 3711.91 III 2400 5556.47 I 50 2354.20 I
280 2919.35 II 180 3734.69 I 60 5651.98 II 50000 2367.23 III
35 2934.36 I 550 3770.10 I 220 5719.99 I 40000 2414.64 III
140 2945.91 II 80 3774.32 I 27 5771.66 II 560 2422.20 II
2000 2970.56 II 60 h 3791.74 I 35 5833.99 II 60 2694.21 I
200 2983.99 II 170 3839.91 I 35 5837.14 II 95 2723.00 I
170 2994.80 II 340 3872.85 I 27 5854.51 I 70 2742.53 I
800 2998.00 III 340 3900.85 I 17 5989.33 I 140 2760.10 I
310 3005.77 II 140 3911.27 I 40 5991.51 II 90000 2817.04 III
160 3017.56 II 500 3931.23 III 60 6152.57 II 45 2822.56 I
160 3026.67 II 32000 3987.99 I 60 6274.78 II 70 2854.43 II
2000 3029.49 III 930 3990.88 I 200 6328.52 III 95 2886.48 I
920 3031.11 II 50 4007.36 I 35 h 6400.35 I 160 2919.05 I
3000 3092.50 III 2000 4028.14 III 35 h 6417.91 I 99000 2946.01 III
28 3100.74 I 70 4052.28 I 340 6489.06 I 390 2948.40 I
170 3107.90 II 440 4089.68 I 180 6667.82 I 350 2964.96 I
190 3117.81 II 470 4149.07 I 25 6727.61 II 480 2974.59 I
4000 3126.01 III 120 4174.56 I 690 6799.60 I 750 2984.26 I
1000 3138.58 III 340 4180.81 II 9h 7244.41 I 140 2996.94 I
230 3140.94 II 300 4213.64 III 8h 7305.22 I 130 3021.73 I
28 3162.29 I 150 d 4218.56 II 10 h 7313.05 I 190 3045.37 I
800 3191.35 III 120 4231.97 I 16 h 7350.04 I 95 3095.88 II
390 3192.88 II 70 4277.74 I 25 7448.28 I 110 3173.06 II
240 3201.16 II 120 4305.97 I 30 h 7527.46 I 220 3179.41 II
2000 3228.58 III 60 h 4393.69 I 750 7699.48 I 70 3191.31 I
35 3239.58 I 60 h 4430.21 I 100 7971.46 III 2300 3195.62 II
18000 3289.37 II 440 4439.19 I 70 h 8922.56 II 2200 3200.27 II
130 3305.25 I 85 h 4482.42 I 200 10110.60 III 2200 3203.32 II
140 3305.73 II 100 4517.58 III 100 10830.36 III 3900 3216.69 II
80 3319.41 I 85 h 4563.95 I 6200 3242.28 II
Yttrium Y Z = 39
2000 3325.51 III 640 4576.21 I 4700 3327.89 II
150 264.64 IV
240 3337.17 II 200 4582.36 I 85 3388.59 I
150 273.03 IV
280 d 3342.93 II 70 4589.21 I 85 3412.47 I
900 333.09 V
240 3375.48 II 140 4590.83 I 170 3485.73 I
500 333.80 V
2000 3384.01 III 40 4684.27 I 1700 3496.09 II
400 335.14 V
140 3387.50 I 190 4726.08 II 3900 3549.01 II
500 336.62 V
50 3412.45 I 170 h 4781.87 I 130 3551.80 I
500 339.02 V


540 3552.69 I 300 4487.47 I 160 5706.73 I 100 1767.69 III
Atomic
170 3558.76 I 500 4505.95 I 90 5743.85 I 100 1797.64 II

190 3571.43 I 890 4527.25 I 75 5765.64 I 100 d 1811.05 II
260 3576.05 I 440 4527.80 I 100 5781.69 II 100 d 1833.57 II
3300 3584.52 II 100 4544.32 I 120 6009.19 I 100 1864.12 II
300 3587.75 I 100 4559.37 I 120 6023.41 I 100 1866.08 II
100 3589.69 I 130 4596.55 I 120 6135.04 I 100 1872.13 II
2800 3592.92 I 95 4604.80 I 150 6138.43 I 100 d 1918.96 II
10000 3600.73 II 2000 4643.70 I 1200 6191.73 I 100 d 1929.67 II
6200 3601.92 II 200 h 4658.32 I 300 6222.59 I 100 1969.40 II
7800 3611.05 II 2000 4674.84 I 1000 6435.00 I 100 1982.11 II
4300 3620.94 I 180 4696.81 I 90 6538.60 I 100 1986.99 II
1900 3628.71 II 170 4728.53 I 70 6557.39 I 500 2025.48 II
7800 3633.12 II 160 4752.79 I 95 6613.75 II 500 2062.00 II
3000 3664.61 II 410 4760.98 I 40 6650.61 I 200 2064.23 II
170 3692.53 I 120 4781.04 I 150 6687.58 I 120 2079.08 I
13000 3710.30 II 170 4786.89 I 70 6700.71 I 300 2099.94 II
1200 3747.55 II 180 4799.30 I 190 6793.71 I 200 2102.18 II
10000 3774.33 II 140 4819.64 I 21 6815.16 I 800 r 2138.56 I
1400 3776.56 II 120 4822.13 I 45 6845.24 I 1000 2501.99 II
7400 3788.70 II 770 4839.87 I 29 6887.22 I 150 2515.81 I
1300 3818.35 II 550 4845.68 I 24 h 6950.31 I 1000 2557.95 II
4000 3832.88 II 410 4852.69 I 24 6979.88 I 300 2582.49 I
80 3876.82 I 120 4854.25 I 29 7052.94 I 200 2608.56 I
480 3878.28 II 890 4854.87 II 35 7191.66 I 300 2608.64 I
4400 3950.36 II 330 4859.84 I 35 7264.17 II 200 2670.53 I
3600 3982.60 II 1900 4883.69 II 50 7346.46 I 300 2684.16 I
940 4039.83 I 95 4893.44 I 29 7450.30 II 300 2712.49 I
2400 4047.64 I 1100 4900.12 II 9000 7558.71 III 200 2756.45 I
9400 4077.38 I 100 4906.11 I 35 7563.13 I 300 2770.86 I
2000 4083.71 I 150 4921.87 I 29 7855.52 I 300 2770.98 I
9900 4102.38 I 120 4974.30 I 110 7881.90 II 400 2800.87 I
8900 4128.31 I 100 5006.97 I 10000 7991.43 III 100 2801.06 I
7500 4142.85 I 75 5070.21 I 24 8344.43 I 200 3035.78 I
100 h 4157.63 I 75 5072.19 I 10000 8796.21 III 200 3072.06 I
2400 4167.52 I 1100 5087.42 II 95 8800.62 I 300 3196.31 II
2000 4174.14 I 180 5135.20 I 19 h 8835.85 II 500 r 3282.33 I
8000 4177.54 II 960 5200.41 II 800 3302.58 I
Zinc Zn Z = 30
160 4217.80 I 1500 5205.72 II 700 r 3302.94 I
200 425.90 IV
280 h 4220.63 I 10000 5238.10 III 800 3345.02 I
200 428.54 IV
600 4235.73 II 180 5240.81 I 500 3345.57 I
200 430.59 IV
2200 4235.94 I 75 5380.62 I 50 3883.34 I
1000 677.63 III
300 4251.20 I 220 5402.78 II 300 4680.14 I
750 677.96 III
360 h 4302.30 I 90 5424.37 I 400 4722.15 I
200 713.90 III
2800 4309.63 II 190 5438.24 I 400 4810.53 I
60 1193.23 II
110 4330.78 I 710 5466.46 I 800 4911.62 II
50 1239.12 IV
440 h 4348.79 I 100 5468.47 I 500 4924.03 II
50 1249.69 IV
120 4357.73 I 240 5497.41 II 200 5181.98 I
500 1265.74 IV
800 4358.73 II 300 5503.45 I 500 5894.33 II
500 1306.66 IV
120 4366.03 I 250 5509.90 II 500 6021.18 II
200 1456.72 III
12000 4374.94 II 120 5521.63 I 500 6102.49 II
200 1459.98 IV
150 h 4375.61 I 740 5527.54 I 500 6214.61 II
300 1499.42 III
100 4387.74 I 120 5544.50 I 1000 h 6362.34 I
300 1500.42 III
1800 4398.02 II 180 5577.42 I 300 7588.5 II
300 1505.92 III
890 4422.59 II 620 5581.87 I 300 7732.5 II
300 1515.85 III
100 4443.66 I 120 5606.33 I 100 11054.25 I
300 1552.30 III
130 4446.63 I 560 5630.13 I 100 13053.63 I
90 1572.99 II
170 4475.72 I 120 5644.69 I 100 13150.59 I
200 1629.19 III
180 4476.96 I 120 5648.47 I 100 14038.70 I
200 1639.33 III
160 4477.45 I 740 5662.94 II 20 16483.45 I
200 1673.05 III
110 4487.28 I 90 5675.27 I 20 16491.98 I
80 d 1735.61 II


20 16505.23 I 620 2814.90 I 1000 3430.53 II 770 3998.97 II
Atomic
10 24375.02 I 390 2818.74 II 4700 3438.23 II 400 4023.98 I
530 2825.56 II 600 3447.36 I 770 4024.92 I
Zirconium Zr Z = 40
710 2837.23 I 410 3457.56 II 990 4027.20 I
500 304.01 V
660 2844.58 II 820 3463.02 II 400 4029.68 II
60 480.66 IV
350 2848.52 I 600 3471.19 I 490 4030.04 I
60 497.23 IV
350 2851.97 II 1200 3479.39 II 400 4035.89 I
60 500.22 IV
340 2869.81 II 1300 3481.15 II 610 4043.58 I
600 628.66 IV
490 2875.98 I 4100 3496.21 II 490 4044.56 I
500 633.56 IV
300 2915.99 II 820 3505.67 II 400 4045.61 II
50 690.39 III
270 2918.24 II 1000 3509.32 I 610 4048.67 II
2000 740.61 V
320 2926.99 II 2000 3519.60 I 770 4055.03 I
10000 800.00 V
320 2948.94 II 440 3525.81 II 600 4055.71 I
10000 806.89 V
320 2955.78 II 440 3533.22 I 1500 4064.16 I
10000 812.05 V
320 2960.87 I 630 3542.62 II 2000 4072.70 I
3000 841.40 V
320 2962.68 II 1800 3547.68 I 240 4078.31 I
300 863.65 IV
320 2968.96 II 630 3550.46 I 2000 4081.22 I
500 864.59 IV
320 2978.05 II 1800 3551.95 II 400 4121.46 I
9000 1183.97 IV
820 2985.39 I 2100 3556.60 II 1200 4149.20 II
9000 1201.77 IV
320 3003.74 II 1100 3566.10 I 400 4161.21 II
10000 1219.86 IV
820 3011.75 I 2100 3572.47 II 400 4166.36 I
500 1303.93 V
350 3020.47 II 1100 3575.79 I 660 4187.56 I
500 p 1323.81 V
500 3028.04 II 1300 3576.85 II 400 4194.76 I
1000 1469.47 IV
880 3029.52 I 880 3586.29 I 610 4199.09 I
10000 1546.17 IV
350 d 3036.39 II 3500 3601.19 I 610 4201.46 I
10000 1598.95 IV
690 3054.84 II 690 3611.89 II 610 4208.98 II
5000 1607.95 IV
690 3106.58 II 1100 3613.10 II 400 4213.86 I
100 1612.38 III
350 3120.74 I 1100 3614.77 II 2000 4227.76 I
700 1725.02 V
500 3129.18 II 1100 3623.86 I 2000 4239.31 I
200 1790.19 III
500 3129.76 II 1100 3663.65 I 770 4240.34 I
150 1793.56 III
350 3132.07 I 390 3671.27 II 770 4241.20 I
125 1798.13 III
690 3138.68 II 800 3674.72 II 1200 4241.69 I
600 1860.86 V
540 3164.31 II 390 3697.46 II 550 4282.20 I
200 1940.25 III
880 3165.97 II 960 3698.17 II 550 4294.79 I
600 2028.54 V
880 3182.86 II 720 3709.26 II 550 4341.13 I
125 2070.43 III
540 3191.21 I 560 3745.98 II 1000 4347.89 I
200 2086.78 III
540 3212.01 I 880 3751.60 II 290 4359.74 II
10000 2091.49 IV
760 3214.19 II 480 3764.39 I 310 4360.81 I
10000 2092.36 IV
630 3231.69 II 480 3766.72 I 350 4366.45 I
600 2132.42 V
630 3234.12 I 340 3766.82 II 550 4507.12 I
10000 2163.68 IV
760 3241.05 II 720 3780.54 I 610 4535.75 I
100 2175.80 III
1000 3273.05 II 560 3791.40 I 490 4542.22 I
100 2191.15 III
1300 3279.26 II 560 3822.41 I 490 4575.52 I
10000 2286.67 IV
880 3284.71 II 2200 3835.96 I 350 4602.57 I
100 2301.60 III
540 3305.15 II 1300 3836.76 II 700 4633.98 I
90 2539.65 I
880 3306.28 II 550 3843.02 II 2300 4687.80 I
570 2567.64 II
380 3322.99 II 550 3847.01 I 510 4688.45 I
1600 2568.87 II
380 3326.80 II 550 3849.25 I 1900 4710.08 I
2100 2571.39 II
380 3334.25 II 2900 3863.87 I 1400 4739.48 I
250 2620.56 III
760 3340.56 II 770 3864.34 I 870 4772.31 I
200 2643.79 III
380 3344.79 II 990 3877.60 I 700 4815.63 I
150 2664.26 III
760 3356.09 II 1500 3885.42 I 250 5046.58 I
1800 2678.63 II
540 3357.26 II 2900 3890.32 I 360 5064.91 I
90 2687.75 I
380 3374.73 II 2000 3891.38 I 470 5078.25 I
750 2700.13 II
570 3387.87 II 610 3921.79 I 300 5155.45 I
1300 2722.61 II
760 3388.30 II 1200 3929.53 I 200 5158.00 I
800 2726.49 II
5700 3391.98 II 940 3958.22 II 100 5191.60 II
1400 2734.86 II
570 3393.12 II 490 3966.66 I 270 5385.14 I
1100 2742.56 II
570 3404.83 II 990 3968.26 I 160 5664.51 I
660 2745.86 II
760 3410.25 II 660 3973.50 I 160 5797.74 I
660 2752.21 II
380 3414.66 I 770 3991.13 II 340 5879.80 I
530 2758.81 II


170 6045.85 I 300 6313.02 I 170 7103.72 I 790 8070.08 I
Atomic
170 6121.91 I 150 6953.84 I 590 7169.09 I 390 8132.99 I

680 6127.44 I 150 6990.84 I 160 7944.61 I 280 8212.53 I
340 6134.55 I 540 7097.70 I 160 8005.27 I
440 6143.20 I 280 7102.91 I 150 8063.09 I
Sources of Data for Each Element

Numbers following the element name refer to the references on Mercury (198): 43,50,69,145,229,242
the following pages. Mercury (Natural): 34,45,90,117,133,189,235,304,327,328,343
Molybdenum: 1,383,420
Actinium: 193 Neodymium: 1
Aluminum: 6,8,81,89,127,144,146,227,228,282 Neon: 56,58,69,118,150,230,364,365,371,388,389,400,402,413,
Americium: 92 430
Antimony: 164,167,194,386,406 Neptunium: 93
Argon: 190,203,204,219,367,368,372,373,374,375,414,421 Nickel: 1,294,415,416,422
Arsenic: 163,168,197,244,280 Niobium: 1,392,407,431
Astatine: 188 Nitrogen: 66,107,108,212,213,318
Barium: 1,78,111,252,259,277,279 Osmium: 1
Berkelium: 53,339 Oxygen: 23,24,36,66,69,209,210,215
Beryllium: 15,44,73,102,115,134,135,171,175,198,335 Palladium: 1,287,424
Bismuth: 1,357,358,359,360,361 Phosphorus: 179,180,182,336
Boron: 66,69,74,94,104,171,221,222 Platinum: 1,288
Bromine: 42,122,124,139,142,240,243,246,248,249,250,316 Plutonium: 91
Cadmium: 44,285,296,353,399 Polonium: 47,48
Calcium: 16,25,70,150,270 Potassium: 32,59,60,75,76,86,150,160,172,268,314,322
Californium: 52,331 Praseodymium: 1,149,306,308,337,338
Carbon: 22,66,211 Promethium: 196,260
Cerium: 1,136,166,261,305 Protactinium: 96
Cesium: 78,82,154,155,200,201,259,263,325 Radium: 253,254
Chlorine: 11,28,30,31,85,233,238,239 Radon: 251
Chromium: 1,379,380,412 Rhenium: 1
Cobalt: 1,100,125,159,236,276,291 Rhodium: 1,396
Copper: 199,273,290,295,324 Rubidium: 12,109,130,241,257,258,262,264
Curium: 51,332 Ruthenium: 1,423
Dysprosium: 1 Samarium: 1
Einsteinium: 333 Scandium: 1,88,150,298,323
Erbium: 1,301 Selenium: 9,80,181,216,245,247,275
Europium: 1,312 Silicon: 87,170,237,292,319,320
Fluorine: 68,169,224,225,226 Silver: 13,99,255,286,289,363,387,398
Francium: 408 Sodium: 178,205,206,207,268,299,334
Gadolinium: 1,46,137,151,152 Strontium: 1,109,110,218,231,265,279,313
Gallium: 2,19,62,132,140,141,143,195,281 Sulfur: 29,144,202,209,210,266
Germanium: 5,119,293,340,341,342 Tantalum: 1,411,426
Gold: 38,72,234,393,395 Technetium: 35
Hafnium: 1,369,404,410,425 Tellurium: 1,344,345,346,347
Helium: 16,94,173,183,317 Terbium: 1,302
Holmium: 1 Thallium: 1,195,348,354,355,356
Hydrogen: 214 Thorium: 1,97,98,156,157,165,434
Indium: 1,132,348,349,350,351,352,353,435,436 Thulium: 1,307
Iodine: 20,21,58,84,124,153,161,176,184 Tin: 187,191,399,423
Iridium: 1 Titanium: 1,378,427,428
Iron: 56,63,71,101,105,138,174,278,381,382 Tungsten: 1
Krypton: 61,121,123,147,208,232,366,390,409,417,421 Uranium: 1,303
Lanthanum: 1,78,79,220,309 Vanadium: 1,394,397,432
Lead: 54,64,106,256,274,297,283,329,330 Xenon: 33,116,118,120,232,384,391,429
Lithium: 3,15,17,18,37,44,112,284,321,335 Ytterbium: 1,40,192,311
Lutetium: 1,148,310,401 Yttrium: 1,77,265,419
Magnesium: 4,7,49,83,103,128,129,177,217,269,315,335 Zinc: 39,55,113,131,185,186,370,376,377
Manganese: 1,126,385,405,433 Zirconium: 1,362,403,418

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ATOMIC TRANSITION PROBABILITIES
J. R. Fuhr, W. L. Wiese, L. I. Podobedova, and D. E. Kelleher
Atomic
For the 91st edition of this Handbook, we include new, more ac- where λ is in Å, A is in 108 s–1, and S is in atomic units, which are
curate data for H, He, Li, Be, B, C I and C II, N I and N II, Na I – IV, a02e2 = 7.188∙10–59 m2 C2.
Mg I – IV, Al I – III, and Si I – V. The new printed tables contain The table for hydrogen is presented first, followed by the tables
critically evaluated atomic transition probabilities for about 9000 for other elements in alphabetical sequence by element name (not
selected lines of all elements for which reliable data are available symbol). Within each element, the tables are ordered by increasing
on an absolute scale. The material is largely for neutral and singly ionization stage (e.g., Al I, Al II, etc.).
ionized spectra, but also includes some prominent lines of doubly The transition probabilities for hydrogen and hydrogen-like
and more highly charged ions of important elements. A more ex- ions are known precisely. Because of the hydrogen degeneracy,
tensive database can be found in the Internet and CD-ROM edi- a “transition” is actually the sum of all fine-structure transitions
tions of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. between the principal quantum numbers; therefore, the hydrogen
Most of the data are obtained from comprehensive compila- table gives weighted average A-values. For hydrogen-like ions of
tions of the Data Center on Atomic Transition Probabilities at the nuclear charge Z, the following scaling laws hold:
National Institute of Standards and Technology. Specifically, data
AZ = Z4AHydrogen fZ = fHydrogen SZ = Z–2SHydrogen λZ = Z–2λHydrogen
have been taken from recent critical compilations on H, He, and Li
(Ref. 1); on Be and B (Ref. 2); on neutral and singly-ionized C and For very highly-charged hydrogen-like ions, starting at about Z >
N (Ref. 3); and on Na (Ref. 4), Mg (Ref. 4), Al (Ref. 5), and Si (Ref. 25, relativistic values must be used.
6). Material from earlier compilations for the elements H through
Ne (Refs. 7 and 8) and Na through Ca (Ref. 9) was supplemented
by some more recent material taken directly from the original lit- References
erature. Most of the original literature is cited in the above tables
and in recent bibliographies (Refs. 10 and 11); for lack of space, 1. Wiese, W. L., and Fuhr, J. R., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 38, 565, 2009.
2. Fuhr, J. R., and Wiese, W. L., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 39, 013101, 2010.
individual literature references are not cited here.
3. Wiese, W. L., and Fuhr, J. R., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 36, 1287, 2007.
The wavelength range for the neutral species is normally the 4. Kelleher, D. E., and Podobedova, L. I., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 37, 267,
visible spectrum or shorter wavelengths; only the very prominent 2008.
near infrared lines are included. For the higher ions, most of the 5. Kelleher, D. E., and Podobedova, L. I., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 37, 709,
strong lines are located in the far UV. The tabulation is limited to 2008.
electric dipole - including intercombination - lines and comprises 6. Kelleher, D. E., and Podobedova, L. I., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 37,
essentially the fairly strong transitions with estimated uncertain- 1285, 2008.
7. Wiese, W. L., Smith, M. W., and Glennon, B. M., Atomic Transition
ties in the 10 % to 50 % range. With the exception of hydrogen,
Probabilities (H through Ne - A Critical Data Compilation), National
helium, and the alkali metals, most transitions are between states Standard Reference Data Series, National Bureau of Standards 4, Vol.
with low principal quantum numbers. I, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1966.
The transition probability, A, is given in units of 108 s–1 and is list- 8. Wiese, W. L., Fuhr, J. R., and Deters, T. M., Atomic Transition
ed with as many digits as is consistent with the indicated accuracy. Probabilities of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen, J. Phys. Chem. Ref.
Generally, the estimated uncertainties of the A-values are in the range Data, Monograph 7, 1996.
from 25 % to 50 % for two-digit numbers, 10 % to 25 % for three-digit 9. Wiese, W. L., Smith, M. W., and Miles, B. M., Atomic Transition
numbers and 1 % or better for four- and five-digit numbers. Probabilities (Na through Ca - A Critical Data Compilation), National
Standard Reference Data Series, National Bureau of Standards 22, Vol.
Each transition is identified by the wavelength λ in angstroms
II, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.
and the statistical weights, gi and gk, of the lower (i) and upper (k) 10. Fuhr, J. R., Miller, B. J., and Martin, G. A., Bibliography on Atomic
states [the product gkA (or gi f ) is needed for many applications]. Transition Probabilities (1914 through October 1997), National
Whenever the wavelengths of individual lines within a multiplet Bureau of Standards Special Publication 505, 1978; Miller, B. J., Fuhr, J.
are extremely close, only an average wavelength for the multiplet R., and Martin, G. A., Bibliography on Atomic Transition Probabilities
as well as the multiplet A-value are given, and this is indicated by (November 1977 through February 1980), National Bureau of
an asterisk (*) to the left of the wavelength. This also has been done Standards Special Publication 505, Supplement 1, 1980.
11. Wiese, W. L., Reports on Astronomy, Trans. Int. Astron. Union 18A,
when the transition probability for an entire multiplet has been
116, 1982; 19A, 122, 1985; 20A, 117, 1988, Reidel, D., Ed., Kluwer,
taken from the literature and values for individual lines cannot be Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
determined because of insufficient knowledge of the coupling of 12. Moore, C. E., Bibliography on the Analyses of Optical Atomic Spectra,
electrons. The wavelength data have been taken either from recent National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 306 - Section 1,
compilations or from the original literature cited in bibliographies 1968; Sections 2-4, 1969.
published by the Atomic Energy Levels Data Center (Refs. 12 and 13) 13. Hagan, L., and Martin, W. C., Bibliography on Atomic Energy Levels
at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Wavelength and Spectra (July 1968 through June 1971), National Bureau of
values are consistent with those given in the table “Line Spectra of Standards Special Publication 363, 1972; Hagan, L., Bibliography
on Atomic Energy Levels and Spectra (July 1971 through June 1975),
the Elements,” which appears elsewhere in this Handbook.
National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 363, Supplement 1,
In addition to the transition probability A, the atomic oscillator 1977; Zalubas, R., and Albright, A., Bibliography on Atomic Energy
strength f and the line strength S are often used in the literature. Levels and Spectra (July 1975 through June 1979), National Bureau of
The conversion factors between these quantities are (for electric- Standards Special Publication 363, Supplement 2, 1980; Musgrove, A.,
dipole transitions): and Zalubas, R., Bibliography on Atomic Energy Levels and Spectra
(July 1979 through December 1983), National Bureau of Standards
gi f = 1.499∙10–8 λ2gkA = 303.8 λ–1 S Special Publication 363, Supplement 3, 1985.
10-93

10-94 Atomic Transition Probabilities
Weights A Weights A Weights A

λ λ λ
Å gi gk 108 s–1 Å gi gk 108 s–1 Å gi gk 108 s–1
Atomic
6562.83 8 18 4.4101∙10–1 2367.052 2 4 7.61∙10–1

Hydrogen 8392.19 18 800 1.5167∙10–5 2372.070 2 2 5.76∙10–2
8413.11 18 722 1.9643∙10–5 2373.124 4 6 9.07∙10–1
HI
8437.75 18 648 2.5804∙10–5 2373.349 4 4 1.51∙10–1
912.765 2 1800 5.1673∙10–6
8467.04 18 578 3.4442∙10–5 2378.368 4 2 1.14∙10–1
912.837 2 1682 6.1221∙10–6
8502.27 18 512 4.6801∙10–5 2567.984 2 4 1.92∙10–1
912.916 2 1568 7.2967∙10–6
8545.17 18 450 6.4901∙10–5 2575.094 4 6 3.60∙10–1
913.004 2 1458 8.7524∙10–6
8598.18 18 392 9.2117∙10–5 2575.393 4 4 5.99∙10–2
913.102 2 1352 1.0571∙10–5
8664.80 18 338 1.3431∙10–4 2652.484 2 2 1.42∙10–1
913.212 2 1250 1.2862∙10–5
8750.25 18 288 2.0207∙10–4 2660.393 4 2 2.84∙10–1
913.337 2 1152 1.5776∙10–5
8862.55 18 242 3.1558∙10–4 3082.1529 2 4 5.87∙10–1
913.478 2 1058 1.9519∙10–5
9014.67 18 200 5.1558∙10–4 3092.7099 4 6 7.29∙10–1
913.639 2 968 2.4380∙10–5
9228.77 18 162 8.9050∙10–4 3092.8386 4 4 1.16∙10–1
913.823 2 882 3.0769∙10–5
9545.70 18 128 1.6506∙10–3 3944.0058 2 2 4.99∙10–1
914.036 2 800 3.9276∙10–5
10049.4 18 98 3.3585∙10–3 3961.5200 4 2 9.85∙10–1
914.284 2 722 5.0767∙10–5
10938.1 18 72 7.7829∙10–3 5557.063 2 4 2.30∙10–3
914.574 2 648 6.6540∙10–5
12818.1 18 50 2.2008∙10–2 5557.948 2 2 2.29∙10–3
914.917 2 578 8.8574∙10–5
16406.4 32 288 1.6205∙10–4 6696.015 2 4 1.00∙10–2
915.327 2 512 1.1997∙10–4
16805.7 32 242 2.5565∙10–4 6698.673 2 2 1.00∙10–2
915.821 2 450 1.6572∙10–4
17361.2 32 200 4.2347∙10–4 7835.309 4 6 3.71∙10–2
916.427 2 392 2.3409∙10–4
18173.2 32 162 7.4593∙10–4 7836.134 6 8 3.97∙10–2
917.178 2 338 3.3927∙10–4
18751.0 18 32 8.9860∙10–2 8772.866 4 6 6.47∙10–2
918.127 2 288 5.0659∙10–4
19444.5 32 128 1.4242∙10–3 8773.896 6 8 6.95∙10–2
919.349 2 242 7.8340∙10–4
21655.2 32 98 3.0415∙10–3 8828.909 2 2 6.72∙10–3
920.961 2 200 1.2631∙10–3
26251.4 32 72 7.7110∙10–3 8841.277 4 2 1.34∙10–2
923.148 2 162 2.1425∙10–3
27573.0 50 288 1.4024∙10–4 8912.900 2 4 2.28∙10–3
926.223 2 128 3.8694∙10–3
28719.8 50 242 2.2460∙10–4 8923.555 4 6 2.73∙10–3
930.748 2 98 7.5684∙10–3
30381.1 50 200 3.7999∙10–4 8925.504 4 4 4.54∙10–4
937.803 2 72 1.6440∙10–2
32957.8 50 162 6.9078∙10–4
949.743 2 50 4.1250∙10–2
37391.4 50 128 1.3877∙10–3 Al II
972.537 2 32 1.2785∙10–1
40511.4 32 50 2.6993∙10–2 1047.8893 1 3 2.33∙10–1
1025.72 2 18 5.5751∙10–1
43747.2 72 288 1.2884∙10–4 1048.5588 3 5 3.14∙10–1
1215.67 2 8 4.6986
46524.9 50 98 3.2528∙10–3 1049.9233 5 7 4.17∙10–1
3662.23 8 1800 2.8474∙10–6
46706.2 72 242 2.1096∙10–4 1189.1854 1 3 9.30∙10–1
3663.37 8 1682 3.3742∙10–6
51279.2 72 200 3.6881∙10–4 1190.0518 3 5 1.12
3664.65 8 1568 4.0224∙10–6
59072.4 72 162 7.0652∙10–4 1191.8111 5 7 1.48
3666.07 8 1458 4.8261∙10–6
74598.3 50 72 1.0254∙10–2 1350.1782 3 5 4.80
3667.65 8 1352 5.8304∙10–6
75009.1 72 128 1.5609∙10–3 1539.8303 3 5 6.70
3669.43 8 1250 7.0963∙10–6
123718.6 72 98 4.5608∙10–3 1670.7867 1 3 1.41∙101
3671.45 8 1152 8.7069∙10–6
1719.4400 1 3 6.55
3673.73 8 1058 1.0777∙10–5
Aluminum 1721.2435 3 3 4.93
3676.33 8 968 1.3467∙10–5
1721.2714 3 5 8.82
3679.32 8 882 1.7005∙10–5 Al I
1724.9519 5 5 2.97
3682.78 8 800 2.1719∙10–5 2118.312 2 4 1.03∙10–1
1724.9838 5 7 1.18∙101
3686.80 8 722 2.8093∙10–5 2123.362 4 6 1.22∙10–1
1760.1044 3 5 3.13
3691.52 8 648 3.6851∙10–5 2129.663 2 4 1.52∙10–1
1761.9751 1 3 4.12
3697.12 8 578 4.9101∙10–5 2134.733 4 6 1.81∙10–1
1763.8692 3 3 3.04
3703.82 8 512 6.6583∙10–5 2145.555 2 4 2.06∙10–1
1763.9521 5 5 9.21
3711.94 8 450 9.2102∙10–5 2150.699 4 6 2.46∙10–1
1765.8150 3 1 1.23∙101
3721.91 8 392 1.3032∙10–4 2168.805 2 4 2.96∙10–1
1767.7308 5 3 5.13
3734.34 8 338 1.8927∙10–4 2174.028 4 6 3.53∙10–1
1772.802 1 3 9.41
3750.12 8 288 2.8337∙10–4 2199.150 2 2 1.75∙10–2
1774.002 3 5 1.26∙101
3770.60 8 242 4.3972∙10–4 2204.590 4 2 3.49∙10–2
1774.770 3 3 7.01
3797.87 8 200 7.1225∙10–4 2204.660 2 4 4.37∙10–1
1776.975 5 7 1.67∙101
3835.35 8 162 1.2156∙10–3 2210.046 4 6 5.20∙10–1
1777.825 5 5 4.18
3889.02 8 128 2.2148∙10–3 2257.999 2 2 3.77∙10–2
1818.352 7 7 5.45
3970.08 8 98 4.3889∙10–3 2263.462 2 4 6.83∙10–1
1820.124 3 3 4.57
4101.74 8 72 9.7320∙10–3 2263.731 4 2 7.50∙10–2
1855.9286 1 3 8.38∙10–1
4340.47 8 50 2.5304∙10–2 2269.096 4 6 7.58∙10–1
1858.0262 3 3 2.49
4861.34 8 32 8.4193∙10–2 2269.220 4 4 1.26∙10–1
1862.3111 5 3 4.08

Atomic Transition Probabilities 10-95

λ λ λ
Atomic
1904.326 1 3 2.70 7449.42 3 5 1.20∙10–1 1066.66 1 3 1.29
1906.4082 3 5 2.00 7471.41 5 7 5.57∙10–1 3948.98 5 3 4.55∙10–3
1906.596 3 3 2.00 7624.48 1 3 4.59∙10–2 4044.42 3 5 3.33∙10–3
1906.674 3 1 8.20 7627.85 3 5 6.20∙10–2 4158.59 5 5 1.40∙10–2
1910.8252 5 5 5.80 7635.33 5 7 9.00∙10–2 4181.88 1 3 5.61∙10–3
1911.013 5 3 3.40 8354.318 7 9 4.27∙10–1 4190.71 5 5 2.80∙10–3
1931.0481 3 1 1.04∙101 8359.23 7 7 4.75∙10–2 4191.03 1 3 5.39∙10–3
1958.77 7 5 5.70 8359.492 5 7 3.79∙10–1 4198.32 3 1 2.57∙10–2
1990.5310 3 5 1.38∙101 8363.251 5 5 6.64∙10–2 4200.67 5 7 9.67∙10–3
2192.604 7 9 2.47 8363.469 3 5 4.20∙10–1 4259.36 3 1 3.98∙10–2
2194.189 7 7 2.74∙10–1 8640.705 1 3 3.00∙10–1 4266.29 3 5 3.12∙10–3
2195.502 3 5 2.07 4272.17 3 3 7.97∙10–3
2816.185 3 1 3.57 Al III 4300.10 3 5 3.77∙10–3
2994.277 1 3 4.04∙10–2 560.390 2 4 6.10∙10–1 4333.56 3 5 5.68∙10–3
2995.525 3 5 5.44∙10–2 560.390 2 2 6.31∙10–1 4335.34 3 3 3.87∙10–3
2998.150 5 7 7.26∙10–2 695.817 2 4 6.83∙10–1 4510.73 3 1 1.18∙10–2
3088.516 3 5 1.08∙10–1 696.212 2 2 7.17∙10–1 4752.94 3 3 4.5∙10–3
3649.184 1 3 1.26∙10–1 1162.66 6 6 1.39∙10–1 4768.68 3 5 8.6∙10–3
3649.232 1 3 1.26∙10–1 1162.66 6 8 2.09 4798.74 7 9 8.8∙10–4
3651.065 3 5 1.70∙10–1 1162.67 4 6 1.95 4835.97 7 9 9.3∙10–4
3651.096 3 5 1.70∙10–1 1352.857 6 8 4.26 4876.26 3 5 7.8∙10–3
3654.981 5 7 2.26∙10–1 1352.857 6 6 2.84∙10–1 4886.29 7 9 1.2∙10–3
3654.998 5 7 2.26∙10–1 1352.857 4 6 3.98 4887.95 3 3 1.3∙10–2
3703.219 3 5 3.80∙10–1 1379.670 2 2 4.61 4894.69 3 1 1.8∙10–2
3731.952 1 3 4.30∙10–2 1384.140 4 2 9.22 4956.75 7 9 1.8∙10–3
3733.908 3 3 1.30∙10–1 1605.7661 2 4 1.16∙101 4989.95 5 7 1.1∙10–3
3738.015 5 3 2.10∙10–1 1611.8141 4 4 2.30 5048.81 3 5 4.6∙10–3
3866.160 3 1 3.70∙10–1 1611.8735 4 6 1.38∙101 5054.18 3 3 4.5∙10–3
3900.675 3 5 4.80∙10–3 1854.7164 2 4 5.44 5060.08 7 9 3.7∙10–3
4663.056 5 3 5.81∙10–1 1862.7895 2 2 5.36 5070.99 5 3 2.6∙10–3
5388.48 1 3 1.20∙10–2 1935.8404 6 8 1.19∙101 5087.09 5 7 1.6∙10–3
5593.302 3 5 9.26∙10–1 1935.8404 6 6 7.92∙10–1 5118.21 5 7 2.7∙10–3
5613.291 5 7 3.43∙10–2 1935.9489 4 6 1.11∙101 5151.39 3 1 2.39∙10–2
5853.62 7 9 1.28∙10–1 3283.316 2 4 1.99∙10–2 5162.29 3 3 1.90∙10–2
5861.53 5 7 1.14∙10–1 3287.302 4 6 2.29∙10–2 5177.54 7 5 2.4∙10–3
5867.81 3 5 2.00∙10–1 3601.628 6 4 1.31 5194.02 3 1 7.8∙10–3
5971.980 3 5 4.90∙10–2 3601.926 4 4 1.46∙10–1 5210.49 7 7 1.1∙10–3
5999.70 1 3 2.07∙10–2 3612.356 4 2 1.45 5214.77 5 3 2.1∙10–3
5999.83 1 3 2.07∙10–2 3702.106 2 2 1.13 5221.27 7 9 8.8∙10–3
6001.76 3 5 2.79∙10–2 3713.123 4 2 2.27 5241.09 5 5 1.3∙10–3
6001.88 3 3 1.55∙10–2 3980.14 6 8 2.33∙10–1 5246.24 5 7 1.2∙10–3
6006.410 5 7 3.40∙10–2 3980.14 4 6 2.17∙10–1 5252.79 5 7 5.4∙10–3
6061.124 3 1 7.60∙10–2 4149.915 6 8 2.05 5254.47 3 5 3.6∙10–3
6066.32 1 3 8.88∙10–3 4150.173 4 6 1.91 5286.07 5 7 9.6∙10–4
6066.44 1 3 8.88∙10–3 4357.562 2 4 7.40∙10–2 5309.52 5 5 1.2∙10–3
6068.43 3 3 2.66∙10–2 4364.642 4 6 8.67∙10–2 5317.73 5 7 2.6∙10–3
6068.53 3 3 2.66∙10–2 4512.564 2 4 2.09 5373.50 3 5 2.7∙10–3
6073.198 5 3 4.20∙10–2 4528.942 4 4 4.15∙10–1 5410.48 5 7 2.0∙10–3
6226.18 1 3 6.20∙10–1 4529.194 4 6 2.49 5421.35 7 5 6.0∙10–3
6231.745 3 5 8.40∙10–1 4701.148 6 4 7.67∙10–2 5439.99 3 3 1.9∙10–3
6243.36 5 7 1.11 4701.412 8 6 7.31∙10–2 5442.24 7 7 9.3∙10–4
6335.701 5 3 1.40∙10–1 4904.10 6 8 3.51∙10–1 5451.65 3 5 4.7∙10–3
6816.69 1 3 1.10∙10–1 4904.10 4 6 3.27∙10–1 5457.42 5 3 3.6∙10–3
6823.48 3 3 3.40∙10–1 5696.603 2 4 8.77∙10–1 5473.46 5 3 2.0∙10–3
6837.14 5 3 5.70∙10–1 5722.728 2 2 8.65∙10–1 5492.09 3 1 5.6∙10–3
6917.93 5 7 1.60∙10–1 5495.87 7 9 1.69∙10–2
6919.96 3 1 9.60∙10–1 Argon 5506.11 5 7 3.6∙10–3
7042.06 3 5 5.78∙10–1 5524.96 7 7 1.7∙10–3
Ar I
7056.60 3 3 5.74∙10–1 5534.49 5 3 2.7∙10–3
1048.22 1 3 5.36
7063.64 3 1 5.73∙10–1 5558.70 3 5 1.42∙10–2


λ λ λ
Atomic
5559.66 3 5 2.2∙10–3 6754.37 3 3 2.1∙10–3 8037.23 1 3 3.59∙10–3

5572.54 5 7 6.6∙10–3 6756.10 5 5 3.6∙10–3 8046.13 3 1 1.12∙10–2
5588.72 5 5 1.5∙10–3 6766.61 5 3 4.0∙10–3 8053.31 5 3 8.6∙10–3
5597.48 5 7 4.2∙10–3 6779.93 1 3 1.21∙10–3 8066.60 5 5 1.4∙10–3
5606.73 3 3 2.20∙10–2 6827.25 5 3 2.4∙10–3 8103.69 3 3 2.5∙10–1
5618.01 3 3 2.1∙10–3 6851.88 3 5 6.7∙10–4 8115.31 5 7 3.31∙10–1
5623.78 5 5 1.4∙10–3 6871.29 3 3 2.78∙10–2 8264.52 3 3 1.53∙10–1
5635.58 3 5 9.6∙10–4 6879.59 3 5 1.8∙10–3 8384.73 5 7 2.4∙10–3
5639.12 1 3 2.1∙10–3 6887.10 5 7 1.3∙10–3 8408.21 3 5 2.23∙10–1
5650.70 3 1 3.20∙10–2 6888.17 3 5 2.5∙10–3 8424.65 3 5 2.15∙10–1
5659.13 5 5 2.6∙10–3 6925.01 3 3 1.2∙10–3 8490.30 3 5 9.6∙10–4
5681.90 5 7 2.0∙10–3 6937.67 3 1 3.08∙10–2 8521.44 3 3 1.39∙10–1
5683.73 5 5 2.0∙10–3 6951.46 5 5 2.2∙10–3 8605.78 5 5 1.04∙10–2
5700.87 5 7 5.9∙10–3 6960.23 5 5 2.4∙10–3 8620.46 1 3 9.2∙10–3
5739.52 3 5 8.7∙10–3 6965.43 5 3 6.39∙10–2 8667.94 1 3 2.43∙10–2
5772.11 5 7 2.0∙10–3 6992.17 3 1 7.5∙10–3 8761.69 3 5 9.5∙10–3
5773.99 5 5 1.1∙10–3 7030.25 7 5 2.67∙10–2 8784.61 3 1 2.4∙10–3
5802.08 5 3 4.2∙10–3 7067.22 5 5 3.80∙10–2 8799.08 5 3 4.6∙10–3
5882.62 3 1 1.23∙10–2 7068.73 5 3 2.0∙10–2 8962.19 3 3 1.6∙10–3
5888.58 7 5 1.29∙10–2 7086.70 1 3 1.5∙10–3 9075.42 3 1 1.2∙10–2
5928.81 5 3 1.1∙10–2 7107.48 5 5 4.5∙10–3 9122.97 5 3 1.89∙10–1
5942.67 5 5 1.8∙10–3 7125.83 3 3 6.0∙10–3 9194.64 3 3 1.76∙10–2
5949.26 3 3 1.5∙10–3 7147.04 5 3 6.25∙10–3 9224.50 3 5 5.03∙10–2
5968.32 3 3 1.8∙10–3 7158.83 3 1 2.1∙10–2 9291.53 3 1 3.26∙10–2
5971.60 3 1 1.1∙10–2 7206.98 5 3 2.48∙10–2 9354.22 3 3 1.06∙10–2
5987.30 7 7 1.2∙10–3 7229.93 5 5 6.6∙10–4 9657.78 3 3 5.43∙10–2
5999.00 5 5 1.4∙10–3 7265.17 3 3 1.7∙10–3 9784.50 3 5 1.47∙10–2
6005.73 5 3 1.4∙10–3 7270.66 7 7 1.1∙10–3 10470.05 1 3 9.8∙10–3
6013.68 7 5 1.4∙10–3 7272.93 3 3 1.83∙10–2 10478.0 3 3 2.44∙10–2
6025.15 5 3 9.0∙10–3 7285.44 5 3 1.2∙10–3 10950.7 5 3 3.96∙10–3
6043.22 5 7 1.47∙10–2 7311.72 3 3 1.7∙10–2 11078.9 5 5 8.3∙10–3
6052.73 3 5 1.9∙10–3 7316.01 3 3 9.6∙10–3 11393.7 3 1 2.22∙10–2
6064.76 5 7 5.8∙10–4 7350.78 3 1 1.2∙10–2 11441.8 5 3 1.39∙10–2
6090.79 1 3 3.0∙10–3 7353.32 5 7 9.6∙10–3 11467.5 3 5 3.69∙10–3
6098.81 3 3 5.2∙10–3 7372.12 7 9 1.9∙10–2 11488.11 3 3 1.9∙10–3
6101.16 3 3 3.3∙10–3 7383.98 3 5 8.47∙10–2 11668.7 5 5 3.76∙10–2
6105.64 3 5 1.21∙10–2 7392.97 5 3 7.2∙10–3 11719.5 5 3 9.52∙10–3
6128.73 3 5 8.6∙10–4 7412.33 3 5 3.9∙10–3 12026.6 1 3 4.2∙10–3
6145.44 5 7 7.6∙10–3 7422.26 3 5 6.6∙10–4 12112.2 7 7 3.1∙10–2
6155.24 5 3 5.1∙10–3 7425.29 5 7 3.1∙10–3 12139.8 3 3 4.5∙10–2
6165.12 5 5 9.89∙10–4 7435.33 5 5 9.0∙10–3 12343.7 5 7 2.0∙10–2
6170.17 5 5 5.0∙10–3 7436.25 7 5 2.7∙10–3 12402.9 3 3 1.1∙10–1
6173.10 3 5 6.7∙10–3 7484.24 3 5 3.4∙10–3 12439.2 3 5 4.9∙10–2
6212.50 5 7 3.9∙10–3 7503.84 3 1 4.45∙10–1 12456.1 5 3 8.9∙10–2
6215.94 5 5 5.7∙10–3 7510.42 5 5 4.5∙10–3 12487.6 7 5 1.1∙10–1
6248.41 3 5 6.8∙10–4 7514.65 3 1 4.02∙10–1 12554.4 7 5 1.2∙10–3
6296.87 3 5 9.0∙10–3 7618.33 3 5 2.9∙10–3 12702.4 3 3 7.1∙10–2
6307.66 5 5 6.0∙10–3 7628.86 3 5 2.9∙10–3 12733.6 5 5 1.1∙10–2
6364.89 3 1 5.6∙10–3 7635.11 5 5 2.45∙10–1 12746.3 3 3 2.0∙10–2
6369.58 5 3 4.2∙10–3 7670.04 5 3 2.8∙10–3 12802.7 5 5 5.7∙10–2
6384.72 3 3 4.21∙10–3 7704.81 5 7 6.3∙10–4 12933.3 3 1 1.0∙10–1
6416.31 3 5 1.16∙10–2 7723.76 5 3 5.18∙10–2 12956.6 3 3 7.4∙10–2
6466.55 1 3 1.5∙10–3 7724.21 1 3 1.17∙10–1 13008.5 5 3 8.9∙10–2
6538.11 7 7 1.1∙10–3 7798.55 3 5 8.7∙10–4 13214.7 3 1 8.1∙10–2
6604.02 7 5 2.8∙10–3 7868.20 1 3 3.50∙10–3 13273.1 5 7 1.5∙10–1
6660.68 3 1 7.8∙10–3 7891.08 5 5 9.5∙10–3 13313.4 3 5 1.3∙10–1
6664.05 5 5 1.5∙10–3 7916.45 3 3 1.2∙10–3 13504.0 5 7 1.1∙10–1
6698.88 5 3 1.6∙10–3 7948.18 1 3 1.86∙10–1 13599.2 5 5 2.2∙10–2
6719.22 1 3 2.4∙10–3 8006.16 3 5 4.90∙10–2 13622.4 3 5 7.3∙10–2
6752.84 3 5 1.93∙10–2 8014.79 5 5 9.28∙10–2 13678.5 3 5 6.2∙10–2


λ λ λ
Atomic
14093.6 1 3 4.3∙10–2 3844.7 6 8 4.8∙10–2 5062.0 2 4 2.23∙10–1
14739.1 5 7 8.8∙10–4 3850.6 4 4 3.87∙10–1 5141.8 6 8 8.1∙10–2
15046.4 1 3 5.2∙10–2 3868.5 4 6 1.4 5145.3 4 6 1.06∙10–1
15172.3 1 3 1.3∙10–2 3872.1 4 4 1.5∙10–1 6114.9 10 8 2.00∙10–1
15329.6 5 5 1.2∙10–3 3880.3 2 2 2.32∙10–1 6172.3 8 6 2.00∙10–1
15555.5 5 7 9.8∙10–5 3900.6 4 6 7.2∙10–2 6243.1 8 6 3.0∙10–2
15734.9 5 3 2.9∙10–4 3928.6 2 4 2.44∙10–1 6483.1 4 2 1.06∙10–1
15816.8 5 3 8.7∙10–4 3932.5 4 4 9.3∙10–1 6638.2 6 4 1.37∙10–1
15989.3 1 3 1.9∙10–2 3952.7 4 4 2.08∙10–1 6639.7 4 2 1.69∙10–1
16122.7 5 3 3.9∙10–4 3979.4 4 2 9.8∙10–1 6643.7 10 8 1.47∙10–1
16180.0 5 5 1.2∙10–3 4013.9 8 8 1.05∙10–1 6666.4 2 2 8.8∙10–2
16264.1 3 3 3.0∙10–4 4042.9 4 4 4.06∙10–1 6684.3 8 6 1.07∙10–1
16520.1 3 5 2.6∙10–3 4052.9 2 4 6.7∙10–1 6756.6 4 4 2.0∙10–2
16739.8 3 5 3.1∙10–3 4072.0 6 6 5.8∙10–1 6863.5 6 6 2.5∙10–2
16940.4 5 5 2.5∙10–2 4079.6 6 4 1.19∙10–1 7233.5 2 4 3.7∙10–2
20317.0 1 3 1.6∙10–3 4131.7 4 2 8.5∙10–1 7380.4 4 4 5.6∙10–2
20616.5 5 5 3.9∙10–3 4228.2 4 6 1.31∙10–1 7589.3 6 4 1.07∙10–1
20812.0 5 7 7.6∙10–4 4237.2 4 4 1.12∙10–1
21332.2 3 3 3.2∙10–4 4266.5 6 6 1.64∙10–1 Ar III
21534.9 3 5 1.1∙10–3 4277.5 6 4 8.0∙10–1 769.15 5 3 6.0
22039.2 3 1 1.2∙10–3 4282.9 4 2 1.32∙10–1 871.10 5 3 1.59
22077.4 5 3 1.4∙10–3 4300.6 6 6 5.7∙10–2 875.53 3 1 3.74
23133.4 3 3 1.7∙10–3 4331.2 4 4 5.74∙10–1 878.73 5 5 2.79
23844.8 9 7 1.1∙10–2 4332.0 4 2 1.92∙10–1 879.62 3 3 9.2∙10–1
23967.5 3 1 3.6∙10–3 4348.1 6 8 1.17 883.18 1 3 1.22
4352.2 2 2 2.12∙10–1 887.40 3 5 9.0∙10–1
Ar II 4362.1 4 6 5.5∙10–2 3024.1 5 7 2.6
2942.9 4 4 5.3∙10–1 4370.8 4 4 6.6∙10–1 3027.2 5 5 6.4∙10–1
2979.1 2 2 4.16∙10–1 4371.3 6 4 2.21∙10–1 3054.8 3 5 1.9
3139.0 6 6 5.2∙10–1 4376.0 4 2 2.05∙10–1 3064.8 3 3 1.0
3169.7 4 6 4.9∙10–1 4379.7 2 2 1.00 3078.2 1 3 1.4
3181.0 6 4 3.7∙10–1 4400.1 4 4 1.60∙10–1 3285.9 5 7 2.0
3243.7 4 2 1.06 4401.0 8 6 3.04∙10–1 3301.9 5 5 2.0
3249.8 2 4 6.3∙10–1 4412.9 6 8 6.1∙10–2 3311.3 5 3 2.0
3263.6 2 4 1.55∙10–1 4426.0 4 6 8.17∙10–1 3336.1 7 9 2.0
3281.7 2 2 4.2∙10–1 4430.2 2 4 5.69∙10–1 3344.7 5 7 1.8
3454.1 6 4 3.14∙10–1 4431.0 6 6 1.09∙10–1 3352.1 7 7 2.2∙10–1
3476.7 6 6 1.25 4474.8 4 2 2.90∙10–1 3358.5 3 5 1.6
3491.2 4 4 1.79 4481.8 6 6 4.55∙10–1 3361.3 5 5 3.0∙10–1
3491.5 6 8 2.31 4545.1 4 4 4.71∙10–1 3472.6 5 7 2.0∙10–1
3509.8 2 2 2.55 4579.4 2 2 8.0∙10–1 3480.6 7 7 1.6
3514.4 4 6 1.36 4589.9 4 6 6.64∙10–1 3499.7 3 3 1.3
3520.0 6 6 5.2∙10–1 4598.8 4 4 6.7∙10–2 3500.6 3 5 2.6∙10–1
3521.3 8 8 2.27∙10–1 4609.6 6 8 7.89∙10–1 3502.7 5 3 4.3∙10–1
3535.3 2 4 5.7∙10–1 4637.2 6 6 7.1∙10–2 3503.6 5 5 1.2
3548.5 4 4 8.7∙10–1 4657.9 4 2 8.92∙10–1 3511.7 7 5 2.6∙10–1
3559.5 6 8 2.88 4726.9 4 4 5.88∙10–1
3565.0 2 4 5.5∙10–1 4732.1 6 4 6.7∙10–2 Ar IV
3576.6 6 8 2.75 4735.9 6 4 5.80∙10–1 840.03 4 2 2.73
3581.6 2 4 1.76 4764.9 2 4 6.4∙10–1 843.77 4 4 2.70
3582.4 4 6 2.53 4806.0 6 6 7.80∙10–1 850.60 4 6 2.63
3588.4 8 10 3.03 4847.8 4 2 8.49∙10–1
3656.0 6 6 7.6∙10–2 4879.9 4 6 8.23∙10–1 Ar VI
3717.2 6 8 5.2∙10–2 4889.0 2 2 1.9∙10–1 292.15 2 2 6.9∙101
3729.3 6 4 4.80∙10–1 4904.8 6 8 3.7∙10–2 294.05 4 2 1.36∙102
3763.5 8 6 1.78∙10–1 4933.2 4 4 1.44∙10–1
3780.8 8 8 7.7∙10–1 4965.1 2 4 3.94∙10–1 Ar VII
3799.4 6 4 1.7∙10–1 4972.2 2 2 9.7∙10–2 *250.41 9 3 2.78∙102
3826.8 6 6 2.81∙10–1 5009.3 4 6 1.51∙10–1 *477.54 9 15 9.92∙101
3841.5 4 2 2.69∙10–1 5017.2 4 6 2.07∙10–1 585.75 1 3 7.83∙101


λ λ λ
Atomic
*637.30 9 9 6.7∙101 2370.8 4 6 4.2∙10–1 6527.31 5 5 3.30∙10–1

2456.5 6 4 7.2∙10–2 6527.40 15 15 6.15∙10–1
Ar VIII 2492.9 4 2 1.2∙10–1 6595.33 3 3 3.80∙10–1
158.92 2 4 1.1∙102 2745.0 2 4 2.6∙10–1 6675.27 5 3 1.89∙10–1
159.18 2 2 1.11∙102 2780.2 4 4 7.8∙10–1 6693.84 7 5 1.46∙10–1
229.44 2 2 1.12∙102 2860.4 2 2 5.5∙10–1 6986.80 5 3 5.20∙10–3
230.88 4 2 2.21∙102 2898.7 4 2 9.9∙10–2 7059.94 7 9 5.00∙10–1
337.09 4 4 1.2∙101 7120.33 3 5 1.10∙10–1
337.26 6 4 1.0∙102 Barium 7195.23 1 3 5.60∙10–2
338.22 4 2 1.1∙102 7213.60 5 5 6.50∙10–4
Ba I
519.43 2 4 6.3∙101 7280.30 5 7 3.20∙10–1
2427.41 1 3 5.60∙10–3
526.46 4 6 7.2∙101 7392.41 3 3 1.81∙10–1
2472.74 1 3 4.60∙10–3
526.87 4 4 1.2∙101 7417.54 7 5 7.70∙10–3
3071.58 1 3 4.20∙10–1
700.24 2 4 2.55∙101 7488.08 7 7 7.30∙10–2
3501.11 1 3 3.50∙10–1
713.81 2 2 2.4∙101 7528.18 5 5 2.70∙10–2
3889.33 1 3 1.10∙10–2
7610.48 5 5 1.10∙10–2
4132.43 1 3 1.50∙10–2
Ar IX 7644.90 9 3 5.03∙10–1
4181.09 3 5 4.99∙10–4
48.739 1 3 1.69∙103 7672.09 3 5 1.52∙10–1
4181.66 3 5 5.42∙10–4
7780.48 5 5 7.60∙10–2
4182.27 3 5 6.11∙10–4
Ar XIII 7877.80 3 5 1.60∙10–2
4182.94 3 5 6.65∙10–4
162.96 5 3 3.4∙102 7905.75 5 3 2.65∙10–1
4183.64 3 5 6.70∙10–4
*163.08 9 3 5.3∙102 8147.70 5 5 6.30∙10–2
4184.40 3 5 7.93∙10–4
184.90 5 5 1.66∙102 8560.00 5 5 2.00∙10–1
4185.25 3 5 8.43∙10–4
186.38 1 3 8.8∙101 8654.08 5 7 3.10∙10–3
4186.16 3 5 9.24∙10–4
*207.89 9 9 9.5∙101 9370.12 5 5 7.60∙10–2
4187.15 3 5 9.90∙10–4
*245.10 9 15 3.7∙101 9645.60 7 5 1.10∙10–1
4188.25 3 5 1.03∙10–3
9704.31 3 1 1.60∙10–1
4189.44 3 5 1.13∙10–3
Ar XIV 9821.48 3 1 5.50∙10–2
4190.76 3 5 1.28∙10–3
180.29 2 4 4.5∙101 10370.30 3 5 1.30∙10–2
4192.20 3 5 1.36∙10–3
183.41 2 2 1.69∙102 10540.10 5 3 1.80∙10–2
4193.81 3 5 1.58∙10–3
187.95 4 4 1.97∙102 10649.10 5 5 2.70∙10–2
4195.59 3 5 1.78∙10–3
191.35 4 2 7.5∙101 11303.00 5 3 1.10∙10–3
4323.00 3 5 8.80∙10–2
194.39 2 2 4.6∙101 11373.70 3 1 1.30∙10–1
4402.54 3 5 2.70∙10–1
203.35 4 2 7.8∙101 12342.30 3 3 9.00∙10–4
4488.98 5 7 2.80∙10–1
14723.10 3 5 8.60∙10–3
4493.64 5 5 1.95∙10–1
Ar XV 14999.90 5 3 2.50∙10–3
4573.85 3 1 1.21
25.05 1 3 1.7∙104 17186.90 3 1 2.70∙10–2
4579.64 5 5 7.00∙10–1
221.10 1 3 9.55∙101 18202.80 5 3 1.20∙10–2
4599.72 3 1 4.07∙10–1
*265.3 9 9 8.1∙101 21567.70 5 3 2.60∙10–3
4619.92 1 3 2.70∙10–2
30685.30 5 3 6.50∙10–3
4700.42 3 3 6.10∙10–2
Ar XVI
4726.43 5 3 3.30∙10–1
*23.52 2 6 1.43∙104 Ba II
4801.30 9 3 1.39∙10–1
*24.96 6 10 4.4∙104 2528.41 2 4 6.91∙10–1
4902.85 5 3 5.40∙10–2
353.88 2 4 1.5∙101 2634.78 4 6 7.33∙10–1
5169.53 5 3 9.00∙10–4
389.11 2 2 1.1∙101 3891.78 2 4 2.17
5519.04 3 5 5.70∙10–1
1268 2 4 1.9 4130.65 4 6 2.18
5535.48 1 3 1.19
1401 2 2 1.4 4166.00 4 4 3.54∙10–1
5777.62 5 7 8.00∙10–1
2975 2 4 9.0∙10–2 4267.92 6 8 3.10∙10–1
5784.04 3 5 2.10∙10–1
3514 4 6 6.5∙10–2 4309.26 8 10 3.10∙10–1
5800.23 5 5 2.39∙10–1
4325.75 4 6 5.65∙10–2
5826.27 5 3 4.50∙10–1
Arsenic 4524.93 2 2 6.63∙10–1
5971.70 5 5 1.62∙10–1
4554.03 2 4 1.11
As I 5997.09 3 3 2.80∙10–1
4708.90 2 4 8.47∙10–2
1890.4 4 6 2.0 6019.47 3 1 8.10∙10–1
4843.48 4 6 9.34∙10–2
1937.6 4 4 2.0 6063.11 5 3 5.60∙10–1
4899.93 4 2 1.04
1972.6 4 2 2.0 6083.39 3 1 1.10∙10–1
4934.08 2 2 9.53∙10–1
2288.1 6 4 2.8 6129.23 3 1 6.00∙10–2
4957.09 6 8 5.13∙10–1
2344.0 2 4 3.5∙10–1 6341.68 5 7 1.16∙10–1
5012.95 8 10 5.15∙10–1
2349.8 4 2 3.1 6450.85 3 5 1.10∙10–1
5361.35 4 6 4.01∙10–2
2369.7 4 4 6.0∙10–1 6498.76 7 7 5.40∙10–1
5391.59 6 8 4.22∙10–2


λ λ λ
Atomic
5784.15 2 4 1.59∙10–1 1997.98 3 5 1.76∙10–1 6725.96 5 3 3.1∙10–3
5853.67 4 4 6.00∙10–2 1997.98 3 3 9.80∙10–2 6786.56 3 5 1.7∙10–3
5981.26 4 6 1.73∙10–1 1998.07 5 5 5.88∙10–2 6786.56 3 3 1.7∙10–3
6135.60 2 2 6.64∙10–2 1998.07 5 7 2.35∙10–1 6884.26 3 3 3.81∙10–3
6141.71 6 4 4.12∙10–1 2032.72 5 3 5.3∙10–2 6884.26 3 5 6.86∙10–3
6378.92 4 2 1.18∙10–1 2055.88 1 3 2.28∙10–1 6884.26 1 3 5.08∙10–3
6496.90 4 2 3.10∙10–1 2055.90 3 3 1.71∙10–1 6884.44 5 7 9.16∙10–3
6769.48 6 8 9.35∙10–1 2055.90 3 5 3.08∙10–1 6884.44 5 5 2.29∙10–3
6874.08 8 10 9.26∙10–1 2056.00 5 5 1.03∙10–1 7049.72 1 3 9.66∙10–4
7115.03 8 10 8.80∙10–3 2056.00 5 7 4.11∙10–1 7049.72 3 3 2.90∙10–3
8496.80 2 4 3.31∙10–2 2125.57 3 3 6.1∙10–2 7049.91 5 3 4.83∙10–3
8661.90 6 4 1.27∙10–2 2125.68 5 3 1.01∙10–1 7154.46 3 3 5.55∙10–3
8703.69 4 6 3.69∙10–2 2174.96 1 3 4.51∙10–1 7154.46 1 3 7.39∙10–3
8710.77 6 8 7.88∙10–1 2174.99 3 3 3.39∙10–1 7154.46 3 5 9.99∙10–3
8737.75 4 6 7.29∙10–1 2174.99 3 5 6.09∙10–1 7154.65 5 7 1.33∙10–2
8760.61 8 6 1.17∙10–2 2175.10 5 5 2.03∙10–1 7154.65 5 5 3.33∙10–3
8897.46 6 6 4.93∙10–2 2175.10 5 7 8.13∙10–1 7209.13 5 7 5.71∙10–2
9603.12 2 4 4.16∙10–1 2348.61 1 3 5.54 7308.29 3 5 3.33∙10–3
10115.00 4 6 4.27∙10–1 2350.66 1 3 4.68∙10–2 7434.42 1 3 1.53∙10–3
10212.80 4 4 6.92∙10–2 2350.70 3 3 1.41∙10–1 7434.42 3 3 4.59∙10–3
10768.00 2 4 5.56∙10–2 2350.83 5 3 2.35∙10–1 7434.63 5 3 7.64∙10–3
11088.50 4 6 6.11∙10–2 2494.54 1 3 1.07 7448.87 3 1 5.63∙10–3
11127.50 4 4 1.01∙10–2 2494.58 3 5 1.44 7498.42 3 5 4.46∙10–3
11519.50 2 2 2.47∙10–2 2494.58 3 3 8.02∙10–1 7551.90 5 3 4.3∙10–3
11577.10 2 2 1.75∙10–1 2494.73 5 3 5.35∙10–2 7618.66 3 5 1.51∙10–2
11931.90 4 2 4.44∙10–2 2494.73 5 7 1.93 7618.66 1 3 1.12∙10–2
12475.00 4 2 2.80∙10–1 2494.73 5 5 4.81∙10–1 7618.66 3 3 8.41∙10–3
13057.80 2 4 2.14∙10–1 2650.45 3 5 1.06 7618.88 5 7 2.02∙10–2
14211.50 2 2 1.66∙10–1 2650.55 1 3 1.41 7618.88 5 5 5.05∙10–3
17738.90 6 8 2.16∙10–1 2650.60 3 3 1.06 7714.38 3 1 8.21∙10–3
18530.70 8 10 1.96∙10–1 2650.62 5 5 3.17 7792.05 3 5 6.02∙10–3
18729.70 2 4 1.23∙10–1 2650.70 3 1 4.23 8090.07 1 3 3.29∙10–3
19642.60 4 6 1.28∙10–1 2650.76 5 3 1.76 8153.74 3 1 1.27∙10–2
19845.10 4 4 2.07∙10–2 3193.83 3 5 5.08∙10–2 8158.98 1 3 2.65∙10–3
22994.70 2 2 6.18∙10–2 3229.62 3 5 7.17∙10–2 8158.98 3 3 7.94∙10–3
24612.50 4 4 4.75∙10–3 3282.91 3 5 1.06∙10–1 8159.23 5 3 1.32∙10–2
24699.00 4 2 9.98∙10–2 3321.01 1 3 1.70∙10–1 8254.07 3 1 3.38∙10–1
25923.20 6 4 3.66∙10–2 3321.08 3 3 5.10∙10–1 8286.90 3 5 8.00∙10–3
27687.20 2 4 6.10∙10–2 3321.34 5 3 8.50∙10–1 8547.36 3 3 1.31∙10–2
29058.90 4 2 2.89∙10–2 3367.63 3 5 1.64∙10–1 8547.36 1 3 1.74∙10–2
30196.00 2 2 4.70∙10–2 3476.56 3 1 3.11∙10–2 8547.36 3 5 2.36∙10–2
42934.70 6 8 4.82∙10–3 3515.54 3 5 2.73∙10–1 8547.63 5 7 3.14∙10–2
43294.30 4 6 4.39∙10–3 3736.30 3 1 5.09∙10–2 8547.63 5 5 7.86∙10–3
47520.80 6 6 2.37∙10–4 3813.45 3 5 4.87∙10–1 8547.63 5 3 8.73∙10–4
4407.94 3 1 1.01∙10–1 8801.37 5 7 9.58∙10–2
Beryllium 4572.66 3 5 7.61∙10–1 8882.16 7 5 1.34∙10–3
5252.81 1 3 3.12∙10–3 8882.16 5 3 1.06∙10–3
Be I
5365.49 1 3 3.65∙10–3 8882.16 3 1 1.59∙10–3
1661.48 1 3 7.23∙10–2
5546.45 1 3 5.4∙10–3 8979.19 3 1 2.13∙10–2
1929.62 3 5 5.12∙10–2
5857.01 1 3 7.0∙10–3 9190.45 5 7 1.43∙10–2
1929.71 5 7 6.82∙10–2
6085.75 5 3 1.4∙10–3 9190.45 3 5 1.35∙10–2
1943.59 1 3 5.43∙10–2
6229.11 5 7 2.26∙10–2 9190.45 7 7 1.79∙10–3
1943.62 3 5 7.32∙10–2
6319.62 5 3 2.2∙10–3 9190.45 5 5 2.50∙10–3
1943.71 5 7 9.77∙10–2
6473.54 1 3 7.7∙10–3 9243.88 3 5 9.47∙10–3
1964.54 1 3 8.15∙10–2
6564.52 5 7 3.49∙10–2 9392.74 5 3 1.86∙10–3
1964.56 3 3 6.12∙10–2
6711.74 1 3 3.62∙10–3 9392.74 3 3 6.19∙10–4
1964.56 3 5 1.10∙10–1
6711.74 3 5 4.89∙10–3 9392.74 5 5 3.71∙10–4
1964.65 5 7 1.47∙10–1
6711.74 3 3 2.71∙10–3 9392.74 7 5 2.08∙10–3
1964.65 5 5 3.67∙10–2
6711.91 5 7 6.52∙10–3 9392.74 3 1 2.47∙10–3
1997.95 1 3 1.31∙10–1
6711.91 5 5 1.63∙10–3 9847.31 5 3 5.2∙10–3


λ λ λ
Atomic
9895.58 3 3 1.59∙10–2 5218.34 4 6 8.49∙10–2 1379.17 4 2 6.84

9895.58 1 3 5.30∙10–3 5218.34 4 4 1.41∙10–2 1465.56 2 4 3.3
9895.95 5 3 2.65∙10–2 5270.27 2 2 3.234∙10–1 1465.66 4 4 6.6
9939.78 5 7 2.51∙10–2 5270.81 4 2 6.466∙10–1 1465.79 6 4 9.9
9939.78 5 5 4.40∙10–3 5416.12 2 2 2.84∙10–2 1566.66 4 6 3.36∙10–1
9939.78 7 7 3.14∙10–3 5416.36 4 2 5.68∙10–2 1587.38 2 4 6.9∙10–1
9939.78 3 5 2.38∙10–2 6279.42 2 4 1.12∙10–1 1587.45 4 2 1.4
6279.74 4 4 2.23∙10–2 1587.59 4 6 5.0∙10–1
Be II 6279.74 4 6 1.34∙10–1 1587.66 6 4 7.5∙10–1
973.276 4 6 9.69∙10–1 6756.75 2 2 4.90∙10–2 1587.75 6 6 1.2
1026.89 2 4 1.46 6757.12 4 2 9.80∙10–2 1600.37 2 4 4.67∙10–1
1026.96 4 6 1.76 7401.20 2 4 2.54∙10–2 1600.76 4 6 5.60∙10–1
1036.30 2 4 1.720 7401.43 2 2 2.54∙10–2 1666.85 2 4 8.66∙10–1
1142.96 2 4 3.14 9048.14 2 4 2.47∙10–2 1667.27 4 6 1.04
1143.04 4 6 3.76 9048.49 4 6 2.96∙10–2 1818.35 4 2 6.22∙10–1
1512.27 2 4 9.217 9048.49 4 4 4.94∙10–3 1825.89 2 4 1.70
1512.41 4 6 1.106∙101 9476.41 2 4 1.81∙10–1 1826.40 4 6 2.04
1512.42 4 4 1.843 9477.03 4 6 2.17∙10–1 1826.40 4 4 3.39∙10–1
1776.10 2 2 1.361 9477.14 4 4 3.62∙10–2 2066.38 4 6 6.8∙10–1
1776.31 4 2 2.722 2066.65 6 6 1.6
2296.81 2 4 1.09∙10–1 Bismuth 2066.73 2 4 9.4∙10–1
2296.91 4 6 1.30∙10–1 2066.93 4 4 3.0∙10–1
Bi I
2302.96 4 6 7.28∙10–2 2067.20 6 4 1.0
1954.5 4 6 1.2
2302.98 6 8 7.80∙10–2 2067.20 4 2 1.9
2021.2 4 4 6.0∙10–2
2381.95 4 6 1.13∙10–1 2088.89 2 4 3.61∙10–1
2061.7 4 6 9.9∙10–1
2381.98 6 8 1.22∙10–1 2089.57 4 6 4.32∙10–1
2110.3 4 2 9.1∙10–1
2413.34 2 4 1.64∙10–1 2496.77 2 2 8.37∙10–1
2177.3 4 2 2.6∙10–2
2413.45 4 6 1.97∙10–1 2497.72 4 2 1.67
2228.3 4 4 8.9∙10–1
2453.84 2 4 1.06∙10–1 5761.90 6 8 5.7∙10–3
2230.6 4 6 2.6
2507.41 4 6 1.82∙10–1 5942.62 6 8 8.4∙10–3
2276.6 4 4 2.5∙10–1
2507.45 6 8 1.94∙10–1 5942.73 4 6 7.8∙10–3
2515.7 4 6 4.3∙10–2
2617.99 2 4 2.65∙10–1 6244.56 6 8 1.3∙10–2
2627.9 4 4 4.7∙10–1
2618.13 4 6 3.18∙10–1 6244.68 4 6 1.2∙10–2
2696.8 4 6 6.4∙10–2
2697.59 4 2 1.48∙10–1 6819.52 6 8 2.2∙10–2
2780.5 4 2 3.09∙10–1
2728.85 4 6 3.23∙10–1 6819.66 4 6 2.0∙10–2
2798.7 6 6 3.6∙10–2
2728.89 6 8 3.46∙10–1 7208.59 4 2 1.72∙10–2
2898.0 4 2 1.53
3046.52 2 4 4.66∙10–1 8211.79 6 8 3.42∙10–2
2938.3 6 4 1.23
3046.69 4 6 5.60∙10–1 8211.79 6 6 2.28∙10–3
2989.0 4 4 5.5∙10–1
3046.70 4 4 9.33∙10–2 8212.00 4 6 3.19∙10–2
2993.3 4 6 1.6∙10–1
3130.42 2 4 1.1292 8667.23 2 2 1.83∙10–2
3024.6 6 6 8.8∙10–1
3131.07 2 2 1.1285 8668.57 4 2 3.67∙10–2
3067.7 4 2 2.07
3197.10 4 6 6.82∙10–1 9576.21 4 6 5.01∙10–3
3076.7 4 4 3.5∙10–2
3197.15 6 8 7.31∙10–1 9576.34 6 8 5.37∙10–3
3397.2 6 4 1.81∙10–1
3197.16 6 6 4.87∙10–2
3402.9 6 6 1.6∙10–2
3233.54 6 4 3.37∙10–2 B II
3510.9 6 4 6.8∙10–2
3241.63 2 2 1.39∙10–1 882.676 5 7 2.44∙101
3596.1 2 4 1.98∙10–1
3241.83 4 2 2.78∙10–1 984.698 5 7 2.62∙101
3888.2 2 2 6.9∙10–2
3274.59 2 4 1.41∙10–1 1230.17 3 5 1.36∙101
4121.5 2 2 1.64∙10–1
3274.67 2 2 1.41∙10–1 1624.02 5 5 6.48
4308.5 2 4 1.6∙10–2
4360.66 2 4 9.12∙10–1 2005.87 7 7 2.22
4493.0 2 4 1.5∙10–2
4360.99 4 6 1.09 2123.86 5 7 1.58
4722.5 4 2 1.17∙10–1
4361.03 4 4 1.82∙10–1 2220.30 3 3 3.49
6134.8 4 4 1.8∙10–2
4673.33 4 6 2.06 2918.08 7 9 6.57∙10–1
4673.42 6 8 2.21 3323.21 3 5 8.62∙10–1
Boron
4673.45 6 6 1.47∙10–1 3323.60 5 7 1.15
4702.34 2 4 4.73∙10–2 BI 3451.30 3 5 5.41∙10–1
4702.52 4 6 5.68∙10–2 1151.42 4 4 2.44 4121.93 5 5 3.68∙10–1
4828.12 6 4 7.89∙10–2 1378.65 2 4 3.42 4121.93 5 7 2.10
4828.18 4 2 8.77∙10–2 1378.87 2 2 1.37∙101 4121.93 7 9 2.36
5218.12 2 4 7.08∙10–2 1378.94 4 4 1.71∙101 4121.93 7 7 2.63∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
4121.93 3 5 1.98 8446.6 4 4 1.2∙10–1 4581.4 5 7 2.09∙10–1
4472.15 3 3 5.44∙10–1 8638.7 6 4 9.7∙10–2 4585.9 7 9 2.29∙10–1
4472.86 5 3 9.07∙10–1 4878.1 5 7 1.88∙10–1
4784.20 7 5 1.94∙10–1 Br II 5041.6 5 3 3.3∙10–1
4940.37 5 7 1.88 4704.9 5 7 1.1 5188.9 3 5 4.0∙10–1
6148.91 5 7 1.96∙10–1 4785.5 5 5 9.4∙10–1 5261.7 3 3 1.5∙10–1
6148.91 3 5 1.85∙10–1 4816.7 5 3 1.1 5262.2 3 1 6.0∙10–1
6148.91 7 9 2.20∙10–1 5264.2 5 5 9.1∙10–2
6285.51 5 3 3.30∙10–1 Cadmium 5265.6 5 3 4.4∙10–1
6571.12 3 5 1.14∙10–1 5270.3 7 5 5.0∙10–1
Cd I
6717.65 5 7 1.71∙10–1 5582.0 5 7 6.0∙10–2
2288.0 1 3 5.3
7030.27 3 5 3.97∙10–1 5588.8 7 7 4.9∙10–1
2836.9 1 3 2.8∙10–1
7032.03 3 3 3.97∙10–1 5590.1 3 5 8.3∙10–2
2880.8 3 5 4.2∙10–1
7032.33 3 1 3.97∙10–1 5594.5 5 5 3.8∙10–1
2881.2 3 3 2.4∙10–1
7159.55 3 5 1.19∙10–1 5598.5 3 3 4.3∙10–1
2980.6 5 7 5.9∙10–1
7160.16 1 3 1.59∙10–1 5601.3 7 5 8.6∙10–2
2981.4 5 5 1.5∙10–1
7165.11 3 3 1.19∙10–1 5602.9 5 3 1.4∙10–1
3261.1 1 3 4.06∙10–3
7168.46 3 1 4.75∙10–1 5857.5 3 5 6.6∙10–1
3403.7 1 3 7.7∙10–1
7170.45 5 5 3.56∙10–1 6102.7 1 3 9.6∙10–2
3466.2 3 5 1.2
7176.02 5 3 1.97∙10–1 6122.2 3 3 2.87∙10–1
3467.7 3 3 6.7∙10–1
7228.46 1 3 1.39∙10–1 6162.2 5 3 3.54∙10–1
3610.5 5 7 1.3
7638.62 5 7 1.71∙10–1 6169.1 5 3 1.7∙10–1
3612.9 5 5 3.5∙10–1
7638.62 3 5 1.28∙10–1 6169.6 7 5 1.9∙10–1
4140.5 3 5 4.7∙10–2
7638.62 1 3 9.5∙10–2 6439.1 7 9 5.3∙10–1
4662.4 3 5 5.5∙10–2
8655.83 5 3 6.4∙10–2 6449.8 3 5 9.0∙10–2
4678.1 1 3 1.3∙10–1
9121.00 3 1 3.23∙10–1 6462.6 5 7 4.7∙10–1
4799.9 3 3 4.1∙10–1
9226.43 7 9 4.37∙10–1 6471.7 7 7 5.9∙10–2
5085.8 5 3 5.6∙10–1
9226.43 5 7 3.88∙10–1 6493.8 3 5 4.4∙10–1
6438.5 3 5 5.9∙10–1
9226.43 3 5 3.67∙10–1 6499.7 5 5 8.1∙10–2
9226.43 7 7 4.87∙10–2
Cd II
9226.43 5 5 6.8∙10–2 Ca II
2144.4 2 4 2.8
9446.36 3 5 2.08∙10–1 1341.9 2 4 1.5∙10–2
2265.0 2 2 3.0
9659.49 3 5 6.3∙10–2 1342.5 2 2 1.5∙10–2
2572.9 2 2 1.7
1649.9 2 4 3.2∙10–3
2748.5 4 2 2.8
Bromine 1652.0 2 2 3.1∙10–3
4415.6 4 6 1.4∙10–2
1673.9 2 4 2.24∙10–1
Br I
1680.1 4 6 2.65∙10–1
1488.5 4 4 1.2 Calcium
1680.1 4 4 4.41∙10–2
1540.7 4 4 1.4
Ca I 1807.3 2 4 3.54∙10–1
1574.8 2 4 2.0∙10–1
3006.9 5 5 7.5∙10–1 1814.5 4 6 4.2∙10–1
1576.4 4 6 2.1∙10–2
3361.9 5 7 2.23∙10–1 1814.7 4 4 7.0∙10–2
1633.4 2 4 8.1∙10–2
3630.8 3 5 2.97∙10–1 1843.1 2 2 1.6∙10–1
4365.1 2 4 7.5∙10–3
3644.4 5 7 3.55∙10–1 1850.7 4 2 3.08∙10–1
4425.1 4 2 4.2∙10–3
4098.5 7 9 1.3∙10–1 2103.2 2 4 8.2∙10–1
4441.7 6 4 7.5∙10–3
4108.5 5 7 9.0∙10–1 2112.8 4 6 9.7∙10–1
4472.6 4 4 9.3∙10–3
4226.7 1 3 2.18 2113.2 4 4 1.6∙10–1
4477.7 6 8 1.3∙10–2
4283.0 3 5 4.34∙10–1 2197.8 2 2 3.1∙10–1
4513.4 6 4 2.8∙10–3
4289.4 1 3 6.0∙10–1 2208.6 4 2 6.2∙10–1
4525.6 6 6 7.2∙10–3
4299.0 3 3 4.66∙10–1 3158.9 2 4 3.1
4575.7 4 4 1.6∙10–2
4302.5 5 5 1.36 3179.3 4 6 3.6
4614.6 4 6 5.4∙10–3
4307.7 3 1 1.99 3181.3 4 4 5.8∙10–1
4979.8 4 4 2.6∙10–3
4318.7 5 3 7.4∙10–1 3706.0 2 2 8.8∙10–1
5245.1 2 4 3.1∙10–3
4355.1 5 7 1.9∙10–1 3736.9 4 2 1.7
5345.4 2 4 7.6∙10–3
4425.4 1 3 4.98∙10–1 3933.7 2 4 1.47
7348.5 4 6 1.2∙10–1
4435.0 3 5 6.7∙10–1 3968.5 2 2 1.4
7513.0 6 4 1.2∙10–1
4435.7 3 3 3.42∙10–1
7803.0 2 4 5.3∙10–2
4454.8 5 7 8.7∙10–1 Ca III
7938.7 6 6 1.9∙10–1
4455.9 5 5 2.0∙10–1 357.97 1 3 8.8∙102
8131.5 2 4 3.8∙10–2
4526.9 5 3 4.1∙10–1 439.69 1 3 1.9∙10–1
8343.7 2 2 2.2∙10–1
4578.6 3 5 1.76∙10–1 490.55 1 3 1.6∙10–2


λ λ λ
Atomic
1139.43 5 7 4.31∙10–2
Ca V Ca XVII 1139.51 3 5 2.72∙10–1
558.60 5 3 2.2∙101 19.558 1 3 3.8∙104 1139.65 5 3 2.26∙10–2
637.93 5 3 3.9 21.198 3 5 4.9∙104 1139.77 3 5 4.63∙10–2
643.12 3 1 9.1 192.82 1 3 1.21∙102 1139.79 1 3 2.11∙10–1
646.57 5 5 6.9 218.82 3 5 2.76∙101 1139.81 5 7 2.96∙10–1
647.88 3 3 2.3 223.02 1 3 3.44∙101 1139.86 5 5 1.30∙10–2
651.55 1 3 2.9 228.72 3 3 2.37∙101 1140.01 3 3 9.45∙10–2
656.76 3 5 2.1 232.83 5 5 6.5∙101 1140.01 1 3 6.10∙10–2
244.06 5 3 3.28∙101 1140.12 5 5 1.84∙10–1
Ca VII 1140.32 3 1 1.15∙10–1
550.20 5 5 1.8∙101 Ca XVIII 1140.36 3 5 6.39∙10–2
624.39 1 3 3.3 *18.71 2 6 2.31∙104 1140.57 5 3 4.17∙10–2
630.54 3 5 4.5 *19.74 6 10 7.0∙104 1140.64 5 7 6.29∙10–2
630.79 3 3 2.2 302.19 2 4 2.0∙101 1155.81 1 3 8.21∙10–2
639.15 5 7 5.7 344.76 2 2 1.3∙101 1155.98 3 1 3.74∙10–1
640.41 5 5 1.3 1156.03 3 3 1.14∙10–1
Carbon 1156.20 3 5 2.39∙10–2
Ca VIII 1156.39 5 3 1.51∙10–1
CI
182.71 2 2 1.6∙102 1156.56 5 5 2.69∙10–1
1121.52 1 3 1.74∙10–2
184.16 4 2 3.2∙102 1157.33 5 7 3.99∙10–2
1121.64 3 1 1.10∙10–1
1157.41 3 3 7.50∙10–2
1121.66 3 3 3.50∙10–2
Ca IX 1157.77 5 3 2.50∙10–2
1121.92 3 3 3.60∙10–2
163.23 5 3 3.76∙102 1157.77 3 5 2.62∙10–1
1122.00 5 3 3.96∙10–2
371.89 1 3 8.8∙101 1157.91 1 3 3.52∙10–1
1122.00 3 5 8.49∙10–2
373.81 3 5 1.16∙102 1158.02 5 7 5.57∙10–1
1122.10 5 5 6.71∙10–2
378.08 5 7 1.5∙102 1158.03 3 5 3.10∙10–1
1122.18 5 7 3.38∙10–2
395.03 3 5 2.2∙102 1158.13 3 3 1.98∙10–1
1122.33 5 7 1.06∙10–1
466.24 1 3 1.12∙102 1158.13 5 5 2.58∙10–1
1122.45 1 3 9.04∙10–2
498.01 3 5 2.49∙101 1158.32 1 3 1.09∙10–1
1122.52 1 3 2.03∙10–2
506.18 5 5 7.2∙101 1158.40 5 5 8.20∙10–2
1122.65 3 3 2.73∙10–2
515.57 5 3 3.75∙101 1158.54 3 3 3.36∙10–2
1122.79 3 5 7.25∙10–2
1158.67 3 1 2.19∙10–1
1123.11 5 7 3.58∙10–2
Ca X 1158.73 3 5 5.11∙10–2
1128.07 1 3 2.37∙10–2
110.96 2 4 2.9∙102 1158.91 5 3 8.37∙10–2
1128.17 1 3 1.83∙10–2
111.20 2 2 2.92∙102 1158.97 5 7 7.22∙10–2
1128.25 3 1 1.55∙10–1
151.84 2 2 2.3∙102 1188.83 1 3 1.95∙10–1
1128.28 3 3 4.96∙10–2
153.02 4 2 4.5∙102 1188.99 3 1 7.18∙10–1
1128.63 5 3 5.80∙10–2
206.57 4 4 2.9∙101 1189.07 3 3 2.01∙10–1
1128.69 3 3 4.79∙10–2
206.75 6 4 2.6∙102 1189.25 3 5 1.09∙10–1
1128.75 5 5 1.02∙10–1
207.39 4 2 2.8∙102 1189.45 5 3 2.96∙10–1
1128.82 3 5 1.61∙10–1
411.70 2 4 8.3∙101 1189.63 5 5 5.28∙10–1
1128.90 5 7 3.98∙10–2
419.75 4 6 9.5∙101 1191.84 5 7 2.91∙10–2
1129.03 5 3 1.82∙10–2
420.47 4 4 1.6∙101 1192.22 1 3 2.15∙10–2
1129.13 5 7 1.70∙10–1
557.76 2 4 3.50∙101 1192.83 5 3 2.19∙10–2
1129.20 1 3 1.35∙10–1
574.01 2 2 3.2∙101 1193.01 3 5 7.91∙10–1
1129.32 1 3 3.46∙10–2
1193.03 1 3 6.39∙10–1
1129.40 3 3 4.86∙10–2
Ca XI 1193.24 5 7 1.11
1129.42 5 5 1.19∙10–1
30.448 1 3 6.2∙103 1193.26 3 3 4.29∙10–1
1129.59 3 1 6.41∙10–2
30.867 1 3 4.9∙104 1193.39 5 5 3.46∙10–1
1129.62 3 5 7.29∙10–2
35.212 1 3 2.0∙103 1193.65 5 3 2.25∙10–2
1129.87 5 3 2.22∙10–2
1193.68 3 5 2.54∙10–1
1129.92 5 7 4.84∙10–2
Ca XII 1194.00 1 3 1.94∙10–1
1138.38 1 3 4.13∙10–2
140.05 4 2 3.7∙102 1194.06 5 5 2.98∙10–1
1138.56 3 1 2.31∙10–1
147.27 2 2 1.6∙102 1194.23 3 3 8.34∙10–2
1138.56 1 3 1.70∙10–2
1194.30 3 5 4.10∙10–2
1138.60 3 3 7.31∙10–2
Ca XV 1194.41 3 1 4.40∙10–1
1138.95 5 3 8.98∙10–2
141.69 5 3 4.08∙102 1194.49 5 7 6.77∙10–2
1139.09 5 5 1.60∙10–1
*142.23 9 3 6.3∙102 1194.61 5 3 1.77∙10–1
1139.30 3 3 6.24∙10–2
161.00 5 5 1.9∙102 1260.74 1 3 5.70∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
1260.93 3 1 1.81 806.861 6 4 3.79 6582.88 2 2 3.66∙10–1
1261.00 3 3 4.68∙10–1 858.092 2 2 1.49 7231.33 2 4 3.49∙10–1
1261.12 3 5 4.00∙10–1 858.559 4 2 2.93 7236.42 4 6 4.18∙10–1
1261.43 5 3 7.51∙10–1 903.623 2 4 6.78 7237.17 4 4 6.96∙10–2
1261.55 5 5 1.34 903.962 2 2 2.70∙101
1274.11 5 7 1.20∙10–2 904.142 4 4 3.39∙101 C III
1276.48 1 3 5.04∙10–2 904.480 4 2 1.36∙101 310.170 1 3 6.56
1276.75 3 3 9.38∙10–2 1009.86 2 4 5.65 386.203 1 3 3.46∙101
1277.19 5 3 1.81∙10–2 1010.08 4 4 1.13∙101 459.466 1 3 5.91∙101
1277.25 1 3 1.26 1010.37 6 4 1.69∙101 459.514 3 5 7.97∙101
1277.28 3 5 1.70 1036.34 2 2 7.38 459.627 5 7 1.06∙102
1277.51 3 3 9.24∙10–1 1037.02 4 2 1.46∙101 574.281 3 5 6.24∙101
1277.55 5 7 2.28 1065.89 6 4 1.30∙101 977.020 1 3 1.767∙101
1277.72 5 5 6.30∙10–1 1065.92 4 4 1.44 1174.93 3 5 3.293
1277.95 5 3 5.94∙10–2 1066.13 4 2 1.45∙101 1175.26 1 3 4.385
1279.89 3 5 3.43∙10–1 1126.99 2 4 1.01∙10–6 1175.59 3 3 3.287
1280.14 1 3 3.55∙10–1 1127.13 2 2 5.55∙10–7 1175.71 5 5 9.856
1280.33 5 5 6.38∙10–1 1127.27 4 4 1.91∙10–7 1175.99 3 1 1.313∙101
1280.40 3 3 1.87∙10–1 1127.41 4 2 9.06∙10–8 1176.37 5 3 5.468
1280.60 3 1 8.82∙10–1 1127.63 6 4 1.78∙10–6 1247.38 3 1 2.082∙101
1280.85 5 3 3.62∙10–1 1323.86 6 4 4.94∙10–1 2296.87 3 5 1.376
1328.83 1 3 7.31∙10–1 1323.91 4 4 4.38 2849.05 3 1 1.95∙10–1
1329.09 3 1 2.22 1323.95 6 6 4.55 3703.70 3 3 5.90∙10–1
1329.10 3 5 5.39∙10–1 1324.00 4 6 3.27∙10–1 4325.56 3 5 1.24∙10–1
1329.12 3 3 5.55∙10–1 1334.53 2 4 2.41 4647.42 3 5 7.26∙10–1
1329.58 5 5 1.64 1335.66 4 4 4.76∙10–1 4650.25 3 3 7.25∙10–1
1329.60 5 3 9.19∙10–1 1335.71 4 6 2.88 4651.02 3 5 2.28∙10–1
1459.03 5 3 5.45∙10–1 1384.00 2 4 4.07∙10–1 4651.47 3 1 7.24∙10–1
1463.34 5 7 1.79 1384.36 2 2 3.88∙10–1 4652.05 1 3 3.04∙10–1
1467.40 5 3 5.49∙10–1 1490.38 6 4 2.02∙10–6 4659.06 3 3 2.27∙10–1
1470.09 5 7 1.41∙10–2 1720.46 2 4 8.65∙10–1 4663.64 3 1 9.05∙10–1
1472.23 5 3 7.79∙10–3 1721.01 2 2 3.46 4665.86 5 5 6.78∙10–1
1481.76 5 5 3.45∙10–1 1721.68 4 4 4.33 4673.95 5 3 3.75∙10–1
1560.31 1 3 6.54∙10–1 1722.24 4 2 1.72 5244.66 1 3 5.30∙10–2
1560.68 3 5 8.82∙10–1 1760.40 6 4 3.68∙10–1 5253.58 3 3 1.58∙10–1
1560.71 3 3 4.89∙10–1 1760.47 4 4 4.08∙10–2 5272.52 5 3 2.61∙10–1
1561.34 5 5 2.93∙10–1 1760.82 4 2 4.09∙10–1 5695.92 3 5 4.27∙10–1
1561.37 5 3 3.25∙10–2 1915.32 2 4 9.36∙10–2 5858.34 3 1 1.34∙10–1
1561.44 5 7 1.17 1916.01 2 2 9.50∙10–2 5863.25 3 3 3.35∙10–2
1656.27 3 5 8.72∙10–1 2323.50 2 4 1.40∙10–8 5871.68 5 3 1.00∙10–1
1656.93 1 3 1.16 2324.69 2 2 5.99∙10–7 5880.56 5 5 1.99∙10–2
1657.01 5 5 2.61 2325.40 4 6 4.43∙10–7 5894.07 7 5 1.11∙10–1
1657.38 3 3 8.66∙10–1 2326.93 4 4 8.49∙10–8 6727.48 1 3 1.12∙10–1
1657.91 3 1 3.47 2328.12 4 2 6.78∙10–7 6731.04 3 5 1.50∙10–1
1658.12 5 3 1.44 2509.13 2 4 4.71∙10–1 6742.15 3 3 8.32∙10–2
1751.83 1 3 8.38∙10–1 2511.74 4 4 9.27∙10–2 6744.39 5 7 1.99∙10–1
1763.91 1 3 2.44∙10–2 2512.06 4 6 5.61∙10–1 6762.17 5 5 4.95∙10–2
1930.90 5 3 3.39 2836.71 2 4 3.30∙10–1 6773.39 5 3 5.47∙10–3
2478.56 1 3 2.80∙10–1 2837.60 2 2 3.29∙10–1 6851.18 3 5 7.60∙10–3
3183.50 2 4 2.40∙10–7 6853.68 5 7 5.64∙10–3
C II 3187.70 4 4 8.09∙10–7 6857.24 3 3 3.79∙10–2
687.053 2 4 2.35∙101 3922.08 2 4 1.44∙10–7 6862.69 5 5 3.51∙10–2
687.345 4 6 2.82∙101 4309.31 4 4 3.92∙10–3 6868.78 5 3 1.26∙10–2
687.352 4 4 4.70 4309.58 6 4 3.52∙10–2 6872.04 7 7 4.46∙10–2
806.384 4 6 2.53 4312.80 4 2 3.92∙10–2 6881.10 7 5 7.80∙10–3
806.533 2 4 3.51 4735.46 2 4 9.05∙10–5 7353.88 5 3 3.09∙10–2
806.568 6 6 5.89 4737.97 2 2 5.47∙10–4 7707.43 3 5 1.30∙10–1
806.677 4 4 1.12 4744.77 4 4 5.98∙10–4 7771.76 3 1 1.77∙10–1
806.687 2 2 1.40 4747.28 4 2 2.33∙10–4 7780.41 3 3 1.76∙10–1
806.830 4 2 7.01 6578.05 2 4 3.67∙10–1 7796.00 3 5 1.75∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
8500.32 1 3 1.01∙10–1 3289.3 2 2 2.7∙10–6 3913.9 9 9 8.2∙10–1

9593.32 3 3 5.32∙10–3 3313.1 2 4 1.6∙10–4 3990.2 5 7 8.4∙10–1
9651.47 5 5 1.57∙10–2 3314.0 2 2 5.2∙10–6 4132.5 5 5 1.6
9696.48 5 7 7.53∙10–3 3347.5 2 4 2.2∙10–4 4276.5 9 7 7.6∙10–1
9696.54 3 5 7.12∙10–3 3348.8 2 2 1.1∙10–5 4768.7 3 5 7.7∙10–1
9699.57 7 9 8.47∙10–3 3397.9 2 4 4.0∙10–4 4781.3 5 7 1.0
9701.10 1 3 4.40∙10–2 3400.0 2 2 2.4∙10–5 4794.6 5 7 1.04
9705.41 3 5 5.93∙10–2 3476.8 2 4 6.6∙10–4 4810.1 5 5 9.9∙10–1
9706.44 3 3 3.29∙10–2 3480.0 2 2 6.6∙10–5 4819.5 5 3 1.00
9715.09 5 7 7.88∙10–2 3611.4 2 4 1.5∙10–3 4904.8 5 7 8.1∙10–1
9717.75 5 5 1.97∙10–2 3617.3 2 2 2.5∙10–4 4917.7 3 5 7.5∙10–1
9718.79 5 3 2.19∙10–3 3876.1 2 4 3.8∙10–3 5078.3 7 7 7.7∙10–1
3888.6 2 2 9.7∙10–4 5219.1 3 9 8.6∙10–1
C IV 4555.3 2 4 1.88∙10–2 5392.1 5 7 1.0
*312.43 2 6 4.63∙101 4593.2 2 2 8.0∙10–3
*384.13 6 10 1.76∙102 8521.1 2 4 3.276∙10–1 Cl III
1548.19 2 4 2.65 8943.5 2 2 2.87∙10–1 2298.5 4 4 4.2
1550.77 2 2 2.64 2340.6 6 6 4.2
5801.31 2 4 3.17∙10–1 Chlorine 2370.4 8 6 2.8
5811.97 2 2 3.16∙10–1 2531.8 2 4 4.4
Cl I
2532.5 4 6 5.3
1188.8 4 6 2.33
CV 2577.1 4 6 4.3
1188.8 4 4 2.71∙10–1
34.9728 1 3 2.554∙10 3
2580.7 6 8 4.7
1201.4 2 4 2.39
40.2678 1 3 8.873∙103 2601.2 2 4 4.6
1335.7 4 2 1.74
*227.19 3 9 1.363∙102 2603.6 4 6 5.0
1347.2 4 4 4.19
247.315 1 3 1.278∙102 2609.5 6 8 5.7
1351.7 2 2 3.23
*248.71 9 15 4.247∙102 2617.0 8 10 6.6
1363.4 2 4 7.5∙10–1
*260.19 9 3 6.680∙101 2661.6 4 6 3.4
4323.3 4 4 1.1∙10–2
267.267 3 5 3.947∙102 2665.5 6 8 4.8
4363.3 4 6 6.8∙10–3
*2273.9 3 9 5.646∙10–1 2691.5 4 4 3.5
4379.9 4 4 1.4∙10–2
3526.66 1 3 1.663∙10–1 2710.4 4 6 3.5
4389.8 6 8 1.4∙10–2
8420.72 3 5 6.898∙10–2 3340.4 6 6 1.5
4526.2 4 4 5.1∙10–2
*8433.2 3 9 6.868∙10–2 3392.9 4 4 1.9
4601.0 2 2 4.2∙10–2
8448.12 3 1 6.832∙10–2 3393.5 6 6 1.9
4661.2 2 4 1.2∙10–2
8449.19 3 3 6.829∙10–2 3530.0 6 8 1.8
7256.6 6 4 1.5∙10–1
3560.7 4 6 1.7
7414.1 6 4 4.7∙10–2
Cesium 3602.1 6 8 1.7
7547.1 4 4 1.2∙10–1
3612.9 4 6 1.2
Cs I 7717.6 4 4 3.0∙10–2
3720.5 4 6 1.7
3203.5 2 4 7.6∙10–6 7745.0 2 4 6.3∙10–2
3205.3 2 4 7.9∙10–6 7769.2 6 6 6.0∙10–2
Chromium
3207.5 2 4 8.5∙10–6 7821.4 6 8 9.8∙10–2
3210.0 2 4 9.4∙10–6 7830.8 4 4 9.7∙10–2 Cr I
3212.8 2 4 1.19∙10–5 7878.2 6 6 1.8∙10–2 1999.95 9 9 1.4
3216.2 2 4 1.49∙10–5 7899.3 4 6 5.1∙10–2 2726.50 5 7 7.5∙10–1
3220.1 2 4 1.7∙10–5 7924.6 2 4 2.1∙10–2 2769.90 7 5 1.1
3220.2 2 2 1.07∙10–7 7935.0 6 8 3.9∙10–2 2780.70 9 7 1.4
3224.8 2 4 2.0∙10–5 7997.9 4 4 2.1∙10–2 2889.22 9 9 6.6∙10–1
3225.0 2 2 1.43∙10–7 2893.25 7 7 5.2∙10–1
3230.5 2 4 2.5∙10–5 Cl II 2967.64 7 9 3.9∙10–1
3230.7 2 2 1.97∙10–7 3329.1 5 7 1.5 2971.10 5 7 7.1∙10–1
3237.4 2 4 2.8∙10–5 3522.1 7 7 1.4 2975.48 3 5 8.9∙10–1
3237.6 2 2 2.63∙10–7 3798.8 5 7 1.6 2988.64 5 7 5.2∙10–1
3245.9 2 4 3.45∙10–5 3805.2 7 9 1.8 2996.57 5 3 2.0
3246.2 2 2 3.7∙10–7 3809.5 3 5 1.5 3000.88 7 5 1.6
3256.7 2 4 4.25∙10–5 3851.0 5 7 1.8 3005.06 9 7 9.2∙10–1
3257.1 2 2 7.0∙10–7 3851.4 5 5 1.6 3013.72 3 5 8.3∙10–1
3270.5 2 4 5.6∙10–5 3854.7 3 5 2.2 3015.20 1 3 1.63
3271.0 2 2 9.8∙10–7 3861.9 5 7 2.4 3020.67 3 3 1.5
3288.6 2 4 1.0∙10–4 3868.6 7 9 2.7 3021.58 9 11 2.91


λ λ λ
Atomic
3024.36 5 5 1.27 4718.43 13 11 3.4∙10–1 3120.36 4 6 1.5
3030.25 7 7 1.1 4730.69 7 5 3.83∙10–1 3122.59 12 12 4.4∙10–1
3037.05 9 9 5.4∙10–1 4737.33 9 7 3.38∙10–1 3128.69 4 4 8.1∙10–1
3040.84 7 5 7.4∙10–1 4741.09 3 5 2.2∙10–1 3136.68 6 6 6.4∙10–1
3053.87 9 7 7.97∙10–1 4752.07 13 13 6.2∙10–1 4588.22 8 6 1.2∙10–1
3148.44 9 11 5.6∙10–1 4756.09 11 9 4.0∙10–1
3155.16 11 13 5.7∙10–1 4792.49 7 5 2.6∙10–1 Cobalt
3163.76 13 15 6.0∙10–1 4801.02 9 7 3.06∙10–1
Co I
3237.73 9 9 1.3 4816.13 9 9 1.8∙10–1
2407.25 10 12 3.6
3578.68 7 9 1.48 4870.79 7 9 3.5∙10–1
2414.46 6 8 3.4
3593.48 7 7 1.50 4887.01 9 11 3.2∙10–1
2415.29 4 6 3.6
3605.32 7 5 1.62 4922.28 11 13 4.0∙10–1
2424.93 10 10 3.2
3639.80 13 11 1.8 5204.51 5 3 5.09∙10–1
2432.21 8 8 2.6
3743.89 13 13 7.61∙10–1 5206.02 5 5 5.14∙10–1
2436.66 6 6 2.6
3757.66 7 7 4.13∙10–1 5208.42 5 7 5.06∙10–1
2439.04 4 4 2.7
3768.24 5 5 5.10∙10–1 5243.38 5 3 2.19∙10–1
2511.02 10 10 9.2∙10–1
3804.80 9 9 6.9∙10–1 5297.37 7 9 3.88∙10–1
2521.36 10 8 3.0
3963.69 13 15 1.3 5297.99 7 7 3.0∙10–1
2528.97 8 6 2.8
3969.75 11 13 1.2 5328.36 9 11 6.2∙10–1
2535.96 6 4 1.9
3983.90 7 9 1.05 5329.17 9 9 2.25∙10–1
3405.12 10 10 1.0
3991.12 5 7 1.07 5783.11 3 3 2.1∙10–1
3409.17 8 8 4.2∙10–1
4001.44 9 11 6.8∙10–1 5783.89 5 5 2.02∙10–1
3412.34 8 10 6.1∙10–1
4039.10 15 15 6.7∙10–1 5787.97 5 7 2.35∙10–1
3433.05 4 4 1.0
4048.78 13 13 6.4∙10–1
3443.64 8 8 6.9∙10–1
4058.78 11 11 6.7∙10–1 Cr II
3449.17 6 6 7.6∙10–1
4065.71 9 11 3.5∙10–1 2653.57 4 6 3.5∙10–1
3453.51 10 12 1.1
4165.52 11 13 7.5∙10–1 2658.59 2 4 5.8∙10–1
3462.80 4 6 7.9∙10–1
4204.48 13 11 3.1∙10–1 2666.02 6 8 5.9∙10–1
3474.02 6 8 5.6∙10–1
4254.33 7 9 3.15∙10–1 2668.71 4 2 1.4
3489.40 8 6 1.3
4263.15 15 17 6.4∙10–1 2671.80 6 4 1.0
3495.68 4 6 4.9∙10–1
4274.81 7 7 3.07∙10–1 2672.83 8 6 5.5∙10–1
3502.28 10 8 8.0∙10–1
4275.98 11 11 2.2∙10–1 2744.97 4 6 8.5∙10–1
3506.32 8 6 8.2∙10–1
4280.42 13 15 4.7∙10–1 2787.61 6 6 1.5
3512.64 6 4 1.0
4289.73 7 5 3.16∙10–1 2822.38 14 16 2.3
3518.34 6 4 1.6
4291.97 7 5 2.4∙10–1 2835.63 10 12 2.0
3529.82 8 10 4.6∙10–1
4297.75 11 13 4.9∙10–1 2840.01 10 12 2.7
3569.37 8 8 1.6
4298.05 9 9 2.6∙10–1 2843.24 8 10 6.4∙10–1
3587.19 6 6 1.4
4300.52 9 7 1.9∙10–1 2849.83 6 8 9.2∙10–1
3845.47 8 10 4.6∙10–1
4301.19 11 9 2.6∙10–1 2851.35 8 10 2.2
3894.07 6 8 6.9∙10–1
4302.78 11 11 2.5∙10–1 2856.77 4 6 4.3∙10–1
3995.31 8 10 2.5∙10–1
4337.25 5 7 2.0∙10–1 2857.40 6 8 2.8∙10–1
4121.32 8 10 1.9∙10–1
4373.65 9 9 2.8∙10–1 2860.92 2 4 6.9∙10–1
5146.75 8 8 1.5∙10–1
4376.80 13 13 3.2∙10–1 2862.57 8 8 6.3∙10–1
5212.70 10 10 1.9∙10–1
4413.86 7 5 2.7∙10–1 2866.72 4 4 1.2
5280.63 10 8 2.8∙10–1
4422.70 5 5 2.7∙10–1 2867.09 4 4 1.1
5352.05 12 10 2.7∙10–1
4424.29 9 7 2.1∙10–1 2867.65 2 2 1.1
6082.43 10 10 5.4∙10–2
4432.77 15 15 4.9∙10–1 2870.43 6 6 1.3
6455.00 8 10 9.0∙10–2
4490.55 9 7 3.9∙10–1 2873.81 4 2 8.8∙10–1
7838.12 8 10 5.4∙10–2
4492.31 5 3 4.47∙10–1 2880.86 6 4 7.9∙10–1
8093.93 12 10 2.0∙10–1
4495.28 9 7 2.0∙10–1 2898.53 10 12 1.2
8372.79 10 10 8.7∙10–2
4500.29 7 7 2.1∙10–1 2921.81 8 10 9.0∙10–1
4506.84 13 11 2.7∙10–1 2930.83 2 4 1.1
Co II
4540.72 11 11 3.14∙10–1 2935.12 6 8 1.8
2286.15 11 13 3.3
4564.17 11 13 5.1∙10–1 2953.34 2 2 1.8
2307.85 9 11 2.6
4595.60 13 13 4.7∙10–1 2966.03 10 8 5.4∙10–1
2311.61 7 9 2.8
4622.47 7 7 4.1∙10–1 2971.90 14 14 2.0
2314.05 5 7 2.8
4665.90 3 3 3.0∙10–1 2979.73 12 12 1.8
2314.97 3 5 2.7
4689.38 7 5 2.3∙10–1 2985.32 10 10 2.2
2330.36 5 3 1.32
4698.46 9 7 2.2∙10–1 2989.18 8 8 2.2
2344.28 3 3 1.5
4708.02 11 9 4.31∙10–1 3118.64 2 4 1.7


λ λ λ
Atomic
2353.41 7 7 1.9 2964.6 17 17 6.5∙10–2 4661.9 8 6 1.3

2363.80 9 9 2.1 3147.7 15 17 1.1∙10–1 5765.2 8 8 1.1∙10–2
2378.62 11 9 1.9 3263.2 15 13 1.4∙10–1 6018.2 8 10 8.5∙10–3
2383.45 9 7 1.8 3511.0 15 13 3.1∙10–1 6864.5 8 10 5.8∙10–3
2388.92 11 11 2.8 3571.4 15 13 2.0∙10–1
2389.54 5 3 1.5 3757.1 17 19 3.0 Fluorine
2404.17 3 3 1.5 3868.8 17 17 3.1
FI
2417.66 9 9 8.5∙10–1 3967.5 17 19 8.7∙10–1
806.96 4 6 3.3
4046.0 17 15 1.5
809.60 2 4 2.8
Copper 4103.9 13 11 1.7
951.87 4 2 2.6
4186.8 17 17 1.32
Cu I 954.83 4 4 5.77
4194.8 17 17 7.2∙10–1
*2024.3 2 6 9.8∙10–2 955.55 2 2 5.1
4211.7 17 19 2.08
2165.1 2 4 5.1∙10–1 958.52 2 4 1.3
4218.1 15 15 1.85
2178.9 2 4 9.13∙10–1 6239.7 6 4 2.5∙10–1
4221.1 15 17 1.52
2181.7 2 2 1.0 6348.5 4 4 1.8∙10–1
4225.2 13 15 4.5
2225.7 2 2 4.6∙10–1 6413.7 2 4 1.1∙10–1
4268.3 15 15 3.6∙10–2
2244.3 2 4 1.19∙10–2 6708.3 6 4 1.4∙10–2
4276.7 13 13 7.3∙10–1
2441.6 2 2 2.0∙10–2 6774.0 6 6 1.0∙10–1
4292.0 15 15 5.8∙10–2
2492.2 2 4 3.11∙10–2 6795.5 4 2 5.2∙10–2
4577.8 17 19 2.2∙10–2
2618.4 6 4 3.07∙10–1 6834.3 4 4 2.1∙10–1
4589.4 17 15 1.3∙10–1
2766.4 4 4 9.6∙10–2 6856.0 6 8 4.94∙10–1
4612.3 17 15 8.2∙10–2
2824.4 6 6 7.8∙10–2 6870.2 2 2 3.8∙10–1
5077.7 17 17 5.7∙10–3
2961.2 6 8 3.76∙10–2 6902.5 4 6 3.2∙10–1
5301.6 17 15 1.1∙10–2
3063.4 4 4 1.55∙10–2 6909.8 2 4 2.2∙10–1
5547.3 17 17 2.7∙10–3
3194.1 4 4 1.55∙10–2 6966.4 4 2 1.1∙10–1
5639.5 17 19 4.7∙10–3
3247.5 2 4 1.39 7037.5 4 4 3.0∙10–1
5974.5 17 17 4.0∙10–3
3274.0 2 2 1.37 7127.9 2 2 3.8∙10–1
5988.6 17 15 5.3∙10–3
3337.8 6 8 3.8∙10–3 7309.0 6 8 4.7∙10–1
6010.8 15 15 2.6∙10–2
4022.6 2 4 1.90∙10–1 7311.0 4 2 3.9∙10–1
6088.3 15 13 3.5∙10–2
4062.6 4 6 2.10∙10–1 7314.3 4 6 4.8∙10–1
6168.4 15 17 2.5∙10–2
4249.0 2 2 1.95∙10–1 7332.0 6 4 3.1∙10–1
6259.1 17 19 8.5∙10–3
4275.1 6 8 3.45∙10–1 7398.7 6 6 2.85∙10–1
6579.4 17 15 7.5∙10–3
4480.4 2 2 3.0∙10–2 7425.7 4 2 3.4∙10–1
4509.4 4 2 2.75∙10–1 7482.7 4 4 5.6∙10–2
Erbium
4530.8 4 2 8.4∙10–2 7489.2 2 2 1.1∙10–1
4539.7 6 4 2.12∙10–1 Er I 7514.9 2 2 5.2∙10–2
4587.0 8 6 3.20∙10–1 3862.9 13 13 2.5 7552.2 4 6 7.8∙10–2
4651.1 10 8 3.80∙10–1 4008.0 13 15 2.6 7573.4 2 4 1.0∙10–1
4704.6 8 8 5.5∙10–2 4151.1 13 11 1.8 7607.2 4 4 7.0∙10–2
5105.5 6 4 2.0∙10–2 7754.7 4 6 3.82∙10–1
5153.2 2 4 6.0∙10–1 Europium 7800.2 2 4 2.1∙10–1
5218.2 4 6 7.5∙10–1
Eu I
5220.1 4 4 1.50∙10–1 Gallium
2372.9 8 6 1.9∙10–1
5292.5 8 8 1.09∙10–1
2375.3 8 8 2.0∙10–1 Ga I
5700.2 4 4 2.4∙10–3
2379.7 8 10 2.0∙10–1 2195.4 2 2 1.9∙10–2
5782.1 4 2 1.65∙10–2
2710.0 8 10 1.4∙10–1 2199.7 4 2 3.3∙10–2
2724.0 8 8 1.2∙10–1 2214.4 4 6 1.2∙10–2
Cu II
2892.5 8 8 1.0∙10–1 2235.9 4 2 4.3∙10–2
2489.7 5 5 1.5∙10–2
2893.0 8 6 1.0∙10–1 2255.0 2 2 3.1∙10–2
2544.8 9 7 1.1
2909.0 8 10 6.9∙10–2 2259.2 4 6 3.1∙10–2
2689.3 7 7 4.1∙10–1
3106.2 8 10 5.5∙10–2 2294.2 2 4 7.0∙10–2
2701.0 5 5 6.7∙10–1
3111.4 8 10 3.0∙10–1 2297.9 4 2 5.8∙10–2
2703.2 3 3 1.2
3168.3 8 10 6.9∙10–2 2338.2 4 6 9.8∙10–2
2713.5 5 5 6.8∙10–1
3210.6 8 8 1.1∙10–1 2371.3 2 2 5.7∙10–2
2769.7 7 7 6.1∙10–1
3212.8 8 8 2.9∙10–1 2418.7 4 2 1.0∙10–1
3213.8 8 6 1.8∙10–1 2450.1 2 4 2.8∙10–1
Dysprosium
3334.3 8 6 3.4∙10–1 2500.2 4 6 3.4∙10–1
Dy I 4594.0 8 10 1.4 2659.9 2 2 1.2∙10–1
2862.7 17 15 6.5∙10–2 4627.2 8 8 1.3 2719.7 4 2 2.3∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
2874.2 2 4 1.2 6484.2 4 2 8.5∙10–1 *4471.50 9 15 2.4578∙10–1
2943.6 4 6 1.4 *4713.17 9 3 9.5209∙10–2
2944.2 4 4 2.7∙10–1 Gold 4921.931 3 5 1.9863∙10–1
4033.0 2 2 4.9∙10–1 5015.678 1 3 1.3372∙10–1
Au I
4172.0 4 2 9.2∙10–1 5047.738 3 1 6.7712∙10–2
2427.95 2 4 1.99
*5875.66 9 15 7.0703∙10–1
2675.95 2 2 1.64
Ga II 6678.152 3 5 6.3705∙10–1
3122.78 6 4 1.90∙10–1
829.60 1 3 2.2∙10–1 *7065.25 9 3 2.7853∙10–1
6278.30 4 2 3.4∙10–2
1414.4 1 3 1.88∙101 7281.350 3 1 1.8299∙10–1
*7298.04 3 9 1.2913∙10–3
Helium
Germanium *7499.85 3 9 1.7942∙10–3
He I *7816.14 3 9 2.5748∙10–3
Ge I
507.058 1 3 1.5929∙10–1 8094.115 1 3 1.3791∙10–3
1944.7 3 1 7.0∙10–1
507.718 1 3 2.1826∙10–1 8265.701 1 3 1.8722∙10–3
1955.1 3 3 2.8∙10–1
508.643 1 3 3.1031∙10–1 *8361.73 3 9 3.8126∙10–3
1988.3 5 3 2.5∙10–1
509.998 1 3 4.6224∙10–1 8518.036 1 3 2.6252∙10–3
1998.9 5 5 5.5∙10–1
512.099 1 3 7.3174∙10–1 *8582.64 9 15 4.1927∙10–3
2041.7 1 3 1.1
515.617 1 3 1.2582 *8632.74 9 3 2.7471∙10–3
2065.2 3 3 8.5∙10–1
522.213 1 3 2.4356 *8776.74 9 15 5.7758∙10–3
2068.7 3 5 1.2
537.030 1 3 5.6634 *8849.18 9 3 3.8377∙10–3
2086.0 3 5 4.0∙10–1
584.334 1 3 1.7989∙101 8914.772 1 3 3.8260∙10–3
2094.3 5 7 9.7∙10–1
*2677.13 3 9 4.4174∙10–3 8999.736 5 7 2.8406∙10–3
2105.8 5 5 1.7∙10–1
*2696.12 3 9 6.0234∙10–3 *9063.32 9 15 8.2702∙10–3
2256.0 5 5 3.2∙10–2
*2723.19 3 9 8.4996∙10–3 9085.421 3 5 3.6807∙10–3
2417.4 5 5 9.6∙10–1
*2763.80 3 9 1.2508∙10–2 9111.026 3 1 2.2000∙10–3
2498.0 1 3 1.3∙10–1
*2829.08 3 9 1.9389∙10–2 *9174.52 9 3 5.5996∙10–3
2533.2 3 3 1.0∙10–1
*2945.10 3 9 3.2006∙10–2 *9210.34 15 21 4.7381∙10–3
2589.2 5 3 5.1∙10–2
*3187.74 3 9 5.6361∙10–2 9303.163 3 5 5.1030∙10–3
2592.5 3 5 7.1∙10–1
3231.270 1 3 5.1015∙10–3 9340.143 3 1 3.0562∙10–3
2651.2 5 5 2.0
3258.273 1 3 6.9627∙10–3 *9463.58 3 9 5.6868∙10–3
2651.6 1 3 8.5∙10–1
3296.773 1 3 9.8432∙10–3 *9516.60 9 15 1.2439∙10–2
2691.3 3 3 6.1∙10–1
3354.555 1 3 1.4537∙10–2 9603.441 1 3 5.8286∙10–3
2709.6 3 1 2.8
3447.589 1 3 2.2691∙10–2 9625.697 3 5 7.3744∙10–3
2754.6 5 3 1.1
*3554.42 9 15 7.5971∙10–3 9682.388 3 1 4.4271∙10–3
3039.1 5 3 2.8
*3562.99 9 3 4.8363∙10–3 *9702.65 9 3 8.6511∙10–3
3124.8 5 5 3.1∙10–2
*3587.28 9 15 1.8107∙10–2 10138.424 3 5 1.1248∙10–2
3269.5 5 3 2.9∙10–1
*3599.32 9 3 6.7245∙10–3 10233.102 3 1 6.7731∙10–3
4226.6 1 3 2.1∙10–1
3613.642 1 3 3.8022∙10–2 *10311.27 9 15 1.9945∙10–2
4685.8 1 3 9.5∙10–2
*3634.25 9 15 2.6062∙10–2 *10667.71 9 3 1.4471∙10–2
*3652.00 9 3 9.7444∙10–3 *10830.17 3 9 1.0216∙10–1
Ge II
*3705.02 9 15 3.9528∙10–2 *10913.00 15 21 1.9801∙10–2
999.10 2 4 1.9
*3732.88 9 3 1.4895∙10–2 *10996.65 15 9 1.4253∙10–3
1016.6 4 6 2.1
*3819.62 9 15 6.4351∙10–2 11013.072 1 3 9.2496∙10–3
1017.1 4 4 3.5∙10–1
3833.549 3 5 9.6470∙10–3 11044.983 3 5 1.8457∙10–2
1055.0 2 2 6.9∙10–1
3838.100 3 1 3.7425∙10–3 11225.937 3 1 1.1168∙10–2
1075.1 4 2 1.3
*3867.49 9 3 2.4466∙10–2 *10969.11 9 15 3.4781∙10–2
1237.1 2 4 1.9∙101
3871.786 3 5 1.3386∙10–2 *12527.48 3 9 7.0932∙10–3
1261.9 4 6 2.2∙101
3878.177 3 1 5.1753∙10–3 12755.688 5 3 1.2754∙10–3
1264.7 4 4 3.5
*3888.64 3 9 9.4746∙10–2 *12846.01 9 3 2.7317∙10–2
1602.5 2 2 3.4
3926.544 3 5 1.9371∙10–2 12968.430 3 5 3.3615∙10–2
1649.2 4 2 6.5
3935.945 3 1 7.4475∙10–3 *12984.88 15 9 2.7292∙10–3
4741.8 2 4 4.6∙10–1
3964.729 1 3 6.9507∙10–2 13411.683 3 1 2.0572∙10–2
4814.6 4 6 5.1∙10–1
4009.256 3 5 2.9612∙10–2
4824.1 4 4 8.6∙10–2
4023.980 3 1 1.1281∙10–2 Indium
5131.8 4 6 1.9
*4026.21 9 15 1.1600∙10–1
5178.5 6 6 1.3∙10–1 In I
*4120.84 9 3 4.4529∙10–2
5178.6 6 8 2.0 2560.2 2 4 4.0∙10–1
4143.759 3 5 4.8812∙10–2
5893.4 2 4 9.2∙10–1 2710.3 4 6 4.0∙10–1
4168.971 3 1 1.8298∙10–2
6021.0 2 2 8.4∙10–1 3039.4 2 4 1.3
4387.929 3 5 8.9889∙10–2
6336.4 2 2 4.4∙10–1 3256.1 4 6 1.3
4437.553 3 1 3.2689∙10–2


λ λ λ
Atomic
4101.8 2 2 5.6∙10–1 2510.83 7 5 1.29 2929.12 9 9 1.53

4511.3 4 2 1.02 2518.10 5 3 1.93 2936.90 9 9 1.40∙10–1
2522.85 9 9 2.13 2947.88 7 7 1.83∙10–1
In II 2524.29 3 1 3.23 2948.43 9 9 3.32∙10–1
2941.1 3 1 1.4 2527.27 13 13 3.46∙10–1 2953.49 7 7 3.64∙10–1
2527.44 7 7 1.93 2959.99 11 13 5.02∙10–1
Iodine 2529.14 5 5 9.91∙10–1 2966.90 9 11 2.72∙10–1
2529.31 5 7 4.86 2973.24 7 9 1.83∙10–1
II
2533.14 11 11 2.07∙10–1 2980.53 7 7 1.66∙10–1
1782.8 4 4 2.71
2535.61 1 3 9.59∙10–1 2981.85 7 9 1.86∙10–1
1830.4 4 6 1.6∙10–1
2537.17 13 15 3.70 2983.57 9 7 2.79∙10–1
2540.97 3 5 9.59∙10–1 2990.39 9 11 3.5∙10–1
Iridium
2542.10 11 13 4.47 2994.43 7 5 4.39∙10–1
Ir I 2543.92 9 11 4.70 2999.51 11 11 1.70∙10–1
2475.12 10 10 2.1∙10–1 2545.98 5 7 7.16∙10–1 3000.95 5 3 6.42∙10–1
2502.98 10 12 3.2∙10–1 2549.61 7 9 2.31∙10–1 3008.14 3 1 1.07
2639.71 10 10 4.7∙10–1 2584.54 11 13 3.15∙10–1 3009.57 9 9 1.43∙10–1
2661.98 10 10 2.5∙10–1 2606.83 9 11 2.43∙10–1 3011.48 7 9 3.79∙10–1
2664.79 10 8 4.0∙10–1 2609.22 7 7 4.60∙10–1 3020.49 5 5 1.94∙10–1
2694.23 10 12 4.8∙10–1 2623.53 7 9 2.13∙10–1 3020.64 9 9 7.59∙10–1
2849.72 10 10 2.2∙10–1 2635.81 5 7 2.11∙10–1 3021.07 7 7 4.55∙10–1
2924.79 10 12 1.42∙10–1 2656.15 13 15 1.63∙10–1 3025.64 13 13 5.86∙10–1
2934.64 8 10 2.0∙10–1 2669.49 11 13 1.34∙10–1 3025.84 1 3 3.48∙10–1
3220.78 10 8 2.4∙10–1 2679.06 11 11 1.50∙10–1 3030.15 11 11 5.04∙10–1
3573.72 8 10 5.4∙10–2 2706.01 13 13 2.28∙10–1 3037.39 3 5 2.91∙10–1
3661.71 8 10 4.0∙10–2 2706.58 7 5 2.69∙10–1 3047.60 5 7 2.84∙10–1
4033.76 8 10 2.7∙10–2 2708.57 9 9 6.49∙10–1 3057.45 11 9 3.13∙10–1
4069.92 6 8 3.6∙10–2 2719.03 9 7 1.42 3059.09 7 9 1.63∙10–1
4913.35 12 12 3.3∙10–2 2719.06 7 7 7.40∙10–1 3067.00 11 13 1.71∙10–1
2719.42 11 11 3.20∙10–1 3067.24 9 7 3.12∙10–1
Iron 2720.90 7 5 1.04 3075.72 7 5 3.14∙10–1
2723.58 5 3 5.69∙10–1 3079.99 9 11 8.35∙10–2
Fe I 2728.82 9 9 2.98∙10–1 3083.74 5 3 3.08∙10–1
2166.77 9 7 2.7 2733.58 11 9 7.10∙10–1 3100.30 5 5 1.87∙10–1
2191.84 5 5 1.2 2735.48 9 7 5.03∙10–1 3100.67 7 7 1.35∙10–1
2196.04 3 3 1.2 2737.31 3 3 7.25∙10–1 3125.68 13 11 8.46∙10–2
2200.39 1 3 8.9∙10–1 2737.64 13 11 1.14∙10–1 3132.52 9 7 3.39∙10–1
2298.17 9 9 3.09∙10–1 2742.25 7 5 3.41∙10–1 3143.99 9 9 6.10∙10–1
2439.74 13 13 3.46 2742.41 5 5 4.70∙10–1 3156.27 7 7 6.36∙10–1
2442.57 11 11 3.12 2750.14 7 7 2.74∙10–1 3157.04 9 11 1.26∙10–1
2457.60 11 11 4.81∙10–1 2762.03 7 7 1.76∙10–1 3157.89 5 7 1.61∙10–1
2462.65 9 9 5.85∙10–1 2767.52 9 9 1.48∙10–1 3160.66 9 9 1.93∙10–1
2465.15 9 9 4.35∙10–1 2769.30 13 13 1.80∙10–1 3166.44 9 7 1.14∙10–1
2468.88 11 11 2.40∙10–1 2788.10 11 13 5.92∙10–1 3171.35 9 7 1.85∙10–1
2472.89 7 7 1.30 2789.80 11 9 2.36∙10–1 3175.44 11 11 1.44∙10–1
2474.81 7 7 6.13∙10–1 2804.86 9 7 2.40∙10–1 3178.01 11 9 1.28∙10–1
2479.78 5 5 1.74 2806.98 9 11 1.15∙10–1 3180.22 7 9 4.42∙10–1
2483.27 9 11 4.80 2813.29 9 11 3.42∙10–1 3181.52 7 5 1.84∙10–1
2484.19 3 3 2.26 2825.56 7 9 1.32∙10–1 3182.97 5 7 1.42∙10–1
2487.07 3 3 6.40∙10–1 2832.44 7 9 2.38∙10–1 3188.82 3 5 2.53∙10–1
2488.14 7 9 4.20 2843.98 5 7 3.17∙10–1 3192.80 3 5 5.01∙10–1
2489.75 1 3 2.31 2851.80 3 5 3.37∙10–1 3193.30 5 7 3.07∙10–1
2490.64 5 7 3.44 2894.50 5 5 4.83∙10–1 3196.12 11 9 1.40∙10–1
2491.16 3 5 2.91 2899.41 5 3 4.68∙10–1 3196.93 9 11 5.97∙10–1
2491.99 9 9 3.25∙10–1 2901.91 11 11 1.78∙10–1 3199.53 9 9 2.23∙10–1
2496.53 9 11 2.15∙10–1 2907.52 9 11 1.61∙10–1 3205.40 3 3 9.77∙10–1
2501.13 9 7 6.75∙10–1 2918.02 13 13 1.18 3210.23 9 11 1.15∙10–1
2505.01 9 11 2.56∙10–1 2923.29 11 11 1.39 3210.83 5 3 9.24∙10–1
2506.57 7 9 2.04∙10–1 2923.85 11 11 2.97∙10–1 3211.99 11 9 4.64∙10–1
2507.90 7 9 1.93∙10–1 2925.36 7 9 1.69∙10–1 3214.01 7 7 8.38∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
3214.06 7 5 1.18 3476.34 7 7 2.70∙10–1 3608.14 9 11 6.22∙10–2
3215.94 5 5 6.19∙10–1 3489.67 11 13 7.47∙10–2 3608.86 3 5 8.13∙10–1
3217.38 11 9 1.50∙10–1 3495.29 9 7 9.46∙10–2 3610.16 13 13 5.90∙10–1
3219.58 7 9 4.64∙10–1 3497.10 7 7 9.02∙10–2 3612.07 11 13 1.11∙10–1
3219.80 9 7 3.61∙10–1 3508.47 9 11 6.46∙10–2 3617.79 5 7 7.09∙10–1
3222.07 11 11 8.65∙10–1 3526.24 7 9 1.70∙10–1 3618.39 9 9 8.88∙10–2
3225.79 11 13 1.18 3526.38 7 7 4.13∙10–1 3618.77 5 7 7.22∙10–1
3227.80 9 7 4.96∙10–1 3526.47 5 5 1.29∙10–1 3621.46 9 11 4.45∙10–1
3228.25 5 3 3.72∙10–1 3526.67 5 5 5.26∙10–1 3621.72 11 9 1.07∙10–1
3229.99 9 11 1.06∙10–1 3527.79 9 9 2.17∙10–1 3622.00 7 7 5.14∙10–1
3230.21 5 5 2.06∙10–1 3529.82 3 3 7.75∙10–1 3623.19 13 13 6.68∙10–2
3230.96 7 5 3.7∙10–1 3530.39 13 13 4.65∙10–2 3625.14 11 9 8.15∙10–2
3233.05 13 15 4.19∙10–1 3533.01 1 3 8.52∙10–1 3630.35 9 7 1.04∙10–1
3233.97 9 9 2.08∙10–1 3533.20 3 5 8.25∙10–1 3631.10 11 11 2.15∙10–1
3239.43 9 9 2.95∙10–1 3536.56 5 7 9.95∙10–1 3631.46 7 9 5.17∙10–1
3244.19 9 11 3.06∙10–1 3537.89 11 11 8.0∙10–2 3632.04 3 5 6.74∙10–1
3248.20 7 7 1.92∙10–1 3540.12 7 9 9.48∙10–2 3634.33 9 7 1.05∙10–1
3253.60 7 9 1.62∙10–1 3541.08 9 11 8.65∙10–1 3636.22 5 7 2.20∙10–1
3254.36 11 13 4.24∙10–1 3542.08 7 9 9.51∙10–1 3637.87 9 9 5.9∙10–2
3265.62 7 5 3.06∙10–1 3543.67 3 5 1.6∙10–1 3638.30 7 9 2.36∙10–1
3271.00 5 3 6.4∙10–1 3545.64 9 9 2.05∙10–1 3640.39 9 11 3.57∙10–1
3280.26 9 11 4.21∙10–1 3547.19 9 9 7.13∙10–2 3645.82 1 3 4.87∙10–1
3282.89 3 5 3.42∙10–1 3552.83 5 5 1.74∙10–1 3647.42 3 3 3.38∙10–1
3286.75 7 7 5.99∙10–1 3553.74 11 9 1.09 3647.84 9 11 2.91∙10–1
3292.02 7 9 5.77∙10–1 3554.92 11 13 1.40 3649.51 11 9 3.94∙10–1
3292.59 3 3 3.0∙10–1 3556.88 9 11 4.1∙10–1 3650.03 7 7 2.26∙10–1
3305.97 5 7 4.05∙10–1 3558.52 5 7 1.77∙10–1 3650.28 11 11 6.15∙10–2
3306.34 9 9 5.74∙10–1 3559.50 3 3 2.2∙10–1 3651.47 7 9 5.83∙10–1
3306.35 3 5 4.84∙10–1 3560.70 7 9 7.4∙10–2 3655.46 5 5 1.18∙10–1
3307.23 13 13 1.97∙10–1 3565.38 7 9 4.29∙10–1 3659.52 9 9 6.31∙10–2
3314.74 5 7 7.25∙10–1 3567.03 5 7 8.34∙10–2 3667.25 9 7 1.3∙10–1
3322.47 9 11 8.21∙10–2 3568.82 7 9 6.72∙10–2 3669.15 9 7 8.03∙10–2
3323.74 5 5 2.8∙10–1 3570.10 9 11 6.76∙10–1 3669.52 9 7 2.34∙10–1
3328.87 11 11 2.21∙10–1 3572.00 11 11 2.89∙10–1 3670.09 11 13 7.20∙10–2
3355.23 9 9 2.59∙10–1 3573.39 5 7 1.05∙10–1 3676.31 9 11 4.63∙10–2
3369.55 9 9 2.15∙10–1 3573.89 9 7 5.73∙10–1 3677.31 5 7 2.28∙10–1
3370.78 11 11 2.89∙10–1 3575.25 11 9 7.43∙10–2 3677.63 7 5 6.08∙10–1
3380.11 7 7 1.66∙10–1 3575.37 5 5 3.06∙10–1 3682.17 7 5 1.04∙10–1
3392.65 7 7 1.88∙10–1 3576.76 11 9 8.8∙10–2 3682.24 5 5 1.5
3399.33 5 5 2.76∙10–1 3581.19 11 13 1.02 3684.11 9 7 2.97∙10–1
3402.26 13 13 2.19∙10–1 3582.20 13 11 2.35∙10–1 3684.14 9 7 9.29∙10–2
3404.35 5 7 1.09∙10–1 3584.66 11 11 3.29∙10–1 3686.00 9 11 3.34∙10–1
3406.44 3 5 2.7∙10–1 3584.79 7 5 1.56∙10–1 3687.46 11 9 8.00∙10–2
3407.46 7 9 6.09∙10–1 3584.96 11 9 6.74∙10–1 3687.66 9 9 7.38∙10–2
3410.17 3 5 5.07∙10–1 3585.32 7 7 1.17∙10–1 3688.46 7 9 7.3∙10–2
3413.13 5 7 3.23∙10–1 3586.11 13 11 7.02∙10–1 3689.46 9 9 3.70∙10–1
3417.84 3 3 4.01∙10–1 3586.98 5 5 1.66∙10–1 3690.73 11 11 2.99∙10–1
3418.51 3 1 9.88∙10–1 3587.24 7 9 7.73∙10–2 3694.01 5 7 8.35∙10–1
3422.66 3 5 1.38∙10–1 3588.61 11 11 1.19∙10–1 3695.05 7 9 2.01∙10–1
3424.28 7 7 1.61∙10–1 3588.92 5 3 2.15∙10–1 3697.43 7 7 1.94∙10–1
3425.01 9 7 2.57∙10–1 3589.45 9 7 1.05∙10–1 3701.09 7 9 6.35∙10–1
3426.67 11 11 1.07∙10–1 3594.63 9 9 3.14∙10–1 3703.69 9 11 6.31∙10–2
3427.12 7 9 5.04∙10–1 3597.02 5 3 1.8∙10–1 3704.46 11 9 1.42∙10–1
3428.19 5 5 1.71∙10–1 3599.63 11 9 2.33∙10–1 3707.92 7 5 3.32∙10–1
3440.61 9 7 1.71∙10–1 3602.46 7 7 1.02∙10–1 3709.25 9 7 1.56∙10–1
3440.99 7 5 1.24∙10–1 3602.53 7 5 2.12∙10–1 3711.41 3 5 1.28∙10–1
3445.15 5 7 2.34∙10–1 3603.20 11 11 2.59∙10–1 3716.44 9 7 3.49∙10–1
3450.33 3 3 2.34∙10–1 3605.45 9 9 4.66∙10–1 3719.93 9 11 1.62∙10–1
3459.91 5 3 2.17∙10–1 3605.50 13 11 2.12∙10–1 3721.50 5 5 1.94∙10–1
3469.01 9 9 8.58∙10–2 3606.68 11 13 8.29∙10–1 3724.38 5 7 1.04∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
3726.93 5 5 4.57∙10–1 3865.52 3 3 1.55∙10–1 4070.77 7 5 1.1∙10–1

3727.09 9 7 1.71∙10–1 3867.22 5 5 3.16∙10–1 4071.74 5 5 7.64∙10–1
3727.62 7 5 2.24∙10–1 3871.75 11 11 5.83∙10–2 4073.76 5 3 1.68∙10–1
3727.81 7 5 1.91∙10–1 3872.50 5 5 1.05∙10–1 4076.63 9 9 1.32∙10–1
3730.39 9 11 9.73∙10–2 3873.76 11 9 6.57∙10–2 4084.49 11 9 8.66∙10–2
3732.40 5 5 2.69∙10–1 3878.02 7 7 7.72∙10–2 4085.30 7 7 8.92∙10–2
3734.86 11 11 9.01∙10–1 3878.67 9 7 7.02∙10–2 4098.18 7 7 7.49∙10–2
3735.32 9 9 2.70∙10–1 3878.73 3 3 5.34∙10–1 4107.49 5 3 1.74∙10–1
3737.13 7 9 1.41∙10–1 3883.28 7 7 1.28∙10–1 4109.80 3 3 1.51∙10–1
3738.31 11 13 3.44∙10–1 3888.51 5 5 2.50∙10–1 4112.96 11 13 1.1∙10–1
3740.24 7 9 1.3∙10–1 3888.82 5 3 1.95∙10–1 4118.55 11 13 4.96∙10–1
3742.62 9 9 6.75∙10–2 3891.93 3 3 2.71∙10–1 4125.62 9 11 9.9∙10–2
3743.36 5 3 2.60∙10–1 3893.39 11 11 1.00∙10–1 4126.18 11 11 4.2∙10–2
3743.47 11 11 6.05∙10–1 3894.01 5 5 1.03∙10–1 4127.61 1 3 1.43∙10–1
3744.10 5 3 3.17∙10–1 3897.89 11 13 6.20∙10–2 4132.06 5 7 1.18∙10–1
3745.56 5 7 1.15∙10–1 3900.52 7 7 7.9∙10–2 4132.90 3 5 7.70∙10–2
3746.93 7 7 2.33∙10–1 3902.95 7 7 2.14∙10–1 4134.68 5 7 1.25∙10–1
3748.96 9 11 1.48∙10–1 3903.90 9 9 7.61∙10–2 4137.00 3 5 2.75∙10–1
3749.49 9 9 7.63∙10–1 3906.75 5 7 7.05∙10–2 4142.59 3 5 7.5∙10–2
3753.61 7 5 1.22∙10–1 3916.73 13 11 9.83∙10–2 4143.41 9 9 2.70∙10–1
3756.94 11 11 2.2∙10–1 3918.42 3 1 4.22∙10–1 4143.87 7 9 1.33∙10–1
3758.23 7 7 6.34∙10–1 3918.64 7 7 1.17∙10–1 4149.37 11 13 4.23∙10–2
3759.15 13 11 4.55∙10–2 3925.94 1 3 1.67∙10–1 4153.90 7 9 2.05∙10–1
3760.05 13 15 4.47∙10–2 3926.01 7 7 7.26∙10–2 4154.50 5 3 2.64∙10–1
3763.79 5 5 5.44∙10–1 3928.08 9 9 5.64∙10–2 4154.81 9 11 1.40∙10–1
3765.54 13 15 9.51∙10–1 3935.81 5 5 1.14∙10–1 4156.80 5 5 1.20∙10–1
3767.19 3 3 6.39∙10–1 3941.28 5 5 9.1∙10–2 4157.78 5 7 2.18∙10–1
3778.51 7 5 1.17∙10–1 3942.44 3 5 9.62∙10–2 4158.79 3 5 1.6∙10–1
3785.95 11 13 4.14∙10–2 3946.99 9 11 3.91∙10–2 4172.12 7 5 9.80∙10–2
3786.19 5 5 1.3∙10–1 3948.10 7 9 1.31∙10–1 4175.64 3 5 1.14∙10–1
3787.16 5 5 9.9∙10–2 3948.77 11 9 2.08∙10–1 4181.75 5 7 2.32∙10–1
3787.88 3 5 1.29∙10–1 3951.16 3 5 4.29∙10–1 4184.89 5 5 1.03∙10–1
3793.48 7 7 7.92∙10–2 3955.34 3 3 1.5∙10–1 4187.04 7 5 2.15∙10–1
3795.00 5 7 1.15∙10–1 3956.46 13 11 1.76∙10–1 4187.80 9 7 1.52∙10–1
3797.51 13 13 4.57∙10–1 3956.68 11 13 1.22∙10–1 4191.43 5 3 2.73∙10–1
3799.55 7 9 7.31∙10–2 3957.02 5 7 1.67∙10–1 4195.33 11 11 1.11∙10–1
3801.98 11 13 3.7∙10–2 3963.10 3 5 1.5∙10–1 4196.21 7 7 1.09∙10–1
3805.34 9 11 8.60∙10–1 3967.42 9 7 1.52∙10–1 4198.25 9 9 1.47∙10–1
3806.22 3 3 2.5∙10–1 3967.96 7 9 6.09∙10–2 4198.30 11 9 8.03∙10–2
3806.70 11 11 4.35∙10–1 3969.26 9 7 2.26∙10–1 4198.63 5 5 1.25∙10–1
3807.54 3 5 9.37∙10–2 3971.32 11 9 4.97∙10–2 4199.10 9 11 4.92∙10–1
3810.76 5 3 1.94∙10–1 3973.65 5 7 5.81∙10–2 4200.92 7 9 6.25∙10–2
3813.88 13 11 6.62∙10–2 3976.61 3 5 1.20∙10–1 4202.03 9 9 8.22∙10–2
3815.84 9 7 1.12 3983.96 9 7 5.72∙10–2 4203.94 13 13 2.97∙10–2
3817.64 11 11 7.7∙10–2 3985.39 5 5 8.53∙10–2 4203.98 3 5 7.37∙10–2
3820.43 11 9 6.67∙10–1 3996.96 9 9 7.95∙10–2 4210.34 3 3 1.48∙10–1
3821.18 11 13 5.54∙10–1 3997.39 9 11 1.26∙10–1 4217.55 3 5 2.46∙10–1
3825.88 9 7 5.97∙10–1 3998.05 11 9 5.70∙10–2 4219.36 11 13 2.88∙10–1
3827.82 7 5 1.05 4005.24 7 5 2.04∙10–1 4222.21 7 7 5.76∙10–2
3834.22 7 5 4.52∙10–1 4006.31 11 9 5.1∙10–2 4224.17 9 11 1.06∙10–1
3836.33 5 5 3.29∙10–1 4014.53 9 7 1.53∙10–1 4224.51 3 5 6.81∙10–2
3839.26 9 9 2.35∙10–1 4021.87 7 9 8.55∙10–2 4225.45 5 7 1.65∙10–1
3840.44 5 3 4.70∙10–1 4024.73 7 9 8.09∙10–2 4227.43 11 13 5.29∙10–1
3841.05 5 3 1.36 4030.49 9 11 1.04∙10–1 4233.60 3 5 1.85∙10–1
3843.26 9 7 3.70∙10–1 4043.90 7 7 8.69∙10–2 4235.94 9 9 1.88∙10–1
3846.41 11 9 1.68∙10–1 4045.59 9 7 7.39∙10–2 4238.81 7 9 2.41∙10–1
3846.80 7 7 6.20∙10–1 4045.81 9 9 8.62∙10–1 4247.43 9 11 1.94∙10–1
3849.97 3 1 6.05∙10–1 4062.44 3 3 1.85∙10–1 4250.12 5 7 2.07∙10–1
3859.21 13 11 7.25∙10–2 4063.59 7 7 6.65∙10–1 4250.79 7 7 1.02∙10–1
3859.91 9 9 9.69∙10–2 4067.98 9 9 1.51∙10–1 4260.47 11 11 3.99∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
4271.15 7 9 1.82∙10–1 5139.25 7 5 9.16∙10–2 6496.47 5 5 7.8∙10–2
4271.76 9 11 2.28∙10–1 5139.46 9 9 8.69∙10–2 6569.22 7 9 6.0∙10–2
4282.40 7 5 1.21∙10–1 5184.27 5 7 3.8∙10–2 6633.75 7 7 3.44∙10–2
4299.23 9 11 1.29∙10–1 5191.46 5 3 2.32∙10–1 6841.34 5 7 3.4∙10–2
4307.90 7 9 3.38∙10–1 5192.34 7 7 1.34∙10–1 6855.16 7 9 2.86∙10–2
4315.08 5 5 7.76∙10–2 5208.59 7 5 6.23∙10–2 7187.32 9 11 8.36∙10–2
4325.76 5 7 5.16∙10–1 5215.18 5 3 1.10∙10–1 7511.02 11 11 1.35∙10–1
4327.10 5 5 1.12∙10–1 5226.86 5 5 1.36∙10–1 8220.38 13 11 1.69∙10–1
4369.77 9 9 6.09∙10–2 5232.94 9 11 1.94∙10–1 8699.45 7 9 4.08∙10–2
4383.55 9 11 5.00∙10–1 5235.39 9 7 3.75∙10–2 9012.07 11 9 4.46∙10–2
4388.41 7 7 1.03∙10–1 5242.49 13 11 2.38∙10–2 9401.11 9 11 2.64∙10–2
4401.29 7 7 6.4∙10–2 5263.31 5 5 6.36∙10–2 9414.04 7 9 3.98∙10–2
4404.75 7 9 2.75∙10–1 5266.56 7 9 1.10∙10–1 9443.80 5 7 6.39∙10–2
4415.12 5 7 1.19∙10–1 5273.16 1 3 8.12∙10–2 9569.91 11 11 2.50∙10–2
4433.22 5 3 2.1∙10–1 5281.79 5 7 5.00∙10–2 9626.50 9 9 4.51∙10–2
4443.19 1 3 1.02∙10–1 5283.62 7 7 1.02∙10–1 9738.57 11 13 7.64∙10–2
4455.03 9 7 4.1∙10–2 5302.30 3 5 9.04∙10–2 9763.38 3 5 5.42∙10–2
4466.55 5 7 1.20∙10–1 5324.18 9 9 2.06∙10–1 9861.74 7 9 5.49∙10–2
4469.38 5 7 1.59∙10–1 5339.93 5 7 6.36∙10–2 9889.04 9 11 2.22∙10–2
4476.02 3 5 1.01∙10–1 5364.87 5 7 5.59∙10–1 22473.28 11 11 3.32∙10–2
4484.22 7 9 5.04∙10–2 5367.47 7 9 7.13∙10–1 23566.67 9 11 2.21∙10–2
4485.68 3 3 1.1∙10–1 5369.96 9 11 7.22∙10–1 24547.95 11 9 3.72∙10–2
4528.61 7 9 5.44∙10–2 5373.71 7 9 3.7∙10–2 24729.10 13 11 5.08∙10–2
4547.85 5 7 4.48∙10–2 5383.37 11 13 7.81∙10–1
4556.13 7 5 1.05∙10–1 5393.17 7 9 4.91∙10–2 Fe II
4619.29 7 5 5.2∙10–2 5398.28 5 5 9.0∙10–2 1055.26 10 8 4.6∙10–1
4654.61 7 7 3.68∙10–2 5404.15 9 11 6.92∙10–1 1063.97 10 8 3.5∙10–1
4667.45 7 9 6.03∙10–2 5410.91 7 9 6.33∙10–1 1068.35 8 8 1.59
4673.16 5 7 3.81∙10–2 5415.20 11 13 7.67∙10–1 1071.58 6 8 1.14
4678.85 7 9 4.97∙10–2 5463.28 9 9 2.9∙10–1 1096.88 10 8 2.26
4736.77 9 11 4.78∙10–2 5473.90 7 7 5.2∙10–2 1112.05 10 12 2.0∙10–1
4789.65 5 7 4.57∙10–2 5476.29 7 9 2.87∙10–2 1121.97 10 8 1.92
4800.65 7 9 3.01∙10–2 5476.56 9 9 8.70∙10–2 1122.84 8 6 1.81
4859.74 5 3 1.62∙10–1 5563.60 5 7 3.4∙10–2 1125.45 10 8 1.03
4871.32 7 5 2.44∙10–1 5569.62 5 3 2.34∙10–1 1128.05 2 4 1.40
4872.14 3 3 2.54∙10–1 5572.84 7 5 2.28∙10–1 1130.44 6 8 3.1∙10–1
4878.21 1 3 1.21∙10–1 5576.09 3 1 2.5∙10–1 1133.40 8 10 2.6∙10–1
4890.76 5 5 2.25∙10–1 5586.76 9 7 2.19∙10–1 1133.67 10 8 3.1∙10–1
4891.49 9 7 3.08∙10–1 5594.66 9 9 5.20∙10–2 1138.63 8 8 5.5∙10–1
4903.31 3 5 6.58∙10–2 5602.95 3 3 1.00∙10–1 1142.37 10 8 2.6∙10–1
4918.99 7 7 1.79∙10–1 5615.64 11 9 2.64∙10–1 1143.23 10 10 9.8∙10–1
4920.50 11 9 3.58∙10–1 5624.54 5 5 7.41∙10–2 1144.94 10 12 3.52
4957.30 9 9 1.18∙10–1 5633.95 11 13 7.7∙10–2 1147.41 8 8 1.24
4957.60 13 11 4.22∙10–1 5638.26 9 7 4.4∙10–2 1148.28 8 10 3.35
4966.09 11 11 3.31∙10–2 5649.99 3 5 5.1∙10–2 1151.15 6 8 2.23
4973.10 3 3 1.1∙10–1 5655.18 7 9 4.7∙10–2 1267.42 8 6 9.3∙10–1
4978.60 5 3 1.19∙10–1 5658.82 7 7 4.34∙10–2 1272.61 6 4 3.3∙10–1
4985.25 5 5 1.48∙10–1 5662.52 11 9 6.18∙10–2 1371.02 14 12 1.74
4988.95 7 7 5.2∙10–2 5679.02 5 7 3.7∙10–2 1563.79 8 8 1.33
5001.86 9 7 3.7∙10–1 5686.53 9 11 6.71∙10–2 1580.63 8 10 5.8∙10–1
5006.12 11 11 5.87∙10–2 5705.99 7 9 6.1∙10–2 1608.45 10 8 1.91
5014.94 7 5 2.64∙10–1 5753.12 3 5 8.26∙10–2 1610.92 10 10 1.94∙10–1
5021.59 7 9 6.18∙10–2 5762.99 5 7 9.6∙10–2 1618.47 8 8 5.53∙10–1
5022.24 5 3 2.4∙10–1 5816.37 9 11 4.49∙10–2 1621.69 8 6 1.32
5048.44 3 5 4.88∙10–2 5905.67 5 3 1.1∙10–1 1623.09 8 8 1.99∙10–1
5068.77 9 7 3.37∙10–2 6301.50 5 5 6.43∙10–2 1625.52 8 10 4.04∙10–1
5074.75 9 11 1.4∙10–1 6400.00 7 9 9.27∙10–2 1625.91 6 8 1.02∙10–1
5090.77 7 5 1.9∙10–1 6411.65 5 7 4.43∙10–2 1629.16 6 6 8.66∙10–1
5121.64 5 5 7.9∙10–2 6419.95 7 7 1.2∙10–1 1631.13 6 4 6.93∙10–1
5137.38 11 9 1.0∙10–1 6469.19 3 3 8.3∙10–2 1633.91 6 8 3.85∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
1634.35 4 6 3.21∙10–1 2364.83 8 8 5.90∙10–1 2429.86 8 8 1.51

1635.40 8 6 2.28 2365.76 6 6 2.16 2430.08 8 10 1.91
1636.33 4 4 9.63∙10–1 2366.59 6 6 1.01∙10–1 2432.26 6 8 1.57
1637.40 10 8 3.57∙10–1 2366.88 8 10 3.51∙10–2 2432.87 14 14 2.86
1639.40 2 4 6.85∙10–1 2368.60 6 4 6.06∙10–1 2433.50 10 12 1.30∙10–1
1641.76 6 4 1.76 2369.95 10 12 5.9 2434.06 8 6 7.2∙10–1
1647.16 6 6 4.98∙10–1 2370.50 4 4 1.73∙10–1 2434.24 8 10 2.01
1670.75 10 8 1.06 2373.74 10 10 4.25∙10–1 2434.73 12 12 2.79
1676.86 8 8 6.75∙10–2 2375.19 4 2 9.81∙10–1 2434.95 4 6 1.39
1702.04 10 12 1.02 2376.43 12 14 6.4 2435.00 8 8 2.02
1761.37 8 8 1.42 2378.55 8 8 1.70∙10–1 2436.62 6 8 2.70
1785.27 6 8 1.2∙101 2378.70 8 8 1.49∙10–1 2439.30 12 14 2.25
1786.75 6 6 1.2∙101 2379.28 8 8 2.73∙10–1 2440.42 6 8 1.18
1788.08 6 4 4.6 2379.42 10 10 3.68∙10–1 2441.13 10 10 8.95∙10–1
1818.52 8 8 5.70∙10–2 2380.76 6 8 3.10∙10–1 2442.38 10 12 2.75
2020.75 6 8 1.83∙10–1 2382.04 10 12 3.13 2443.71 8 10 1.44
2078.16 10 10 2.84∙10–2 2382.36 4 6 3.19∙10–2 2444.52 6 8 2.78
2162.02 10 10 2.54∙10–1 2382.90 12 14 1.62∙10–1 2445.11 12 12 2.03
2182.36 10 8 8.6∙10–2 2383.06 8 6 1.0∙10–1 2445.57 4 6 2.07
2191.98 8 8 7.54∙10–1 2383.24 6 6 3.59∙10–1 2445.80 4 6 1.23
2201.59 6 8 7.77∙10–1 2384.39 4 4 3.22∙10–1 2446.11 8 8 1.06
2208.41 10 10 1.59 2385.01 6 8 3.60∙10–2 2446.47 12 14 2.99∙10–1
2209.03 10 8 1.27 2388.39 10 12 2.02∙10–1 2447.21 6 6 1.15
2213.66 14 14 3.26∙10–1 2388.63 8 8 1.05 2447.33 4 2 2.56
2218.26 8 10 1.57 2390.10 14 16 5.5 2447.76 12 10 1.97
2220.38 12 12 4.19∙10–1 2390.76 6 6 1.17 2449.96 4 4 1.24
2228.73 6 8 1.59 2391.48 8 10 3.77∙10–2 2450.21 2 4 1.26
2249.18 10 8 3.00∙10–2 2394.00 12 10 9.4∙10–2 2453.98 8 10 1.31
2253.13 8 8 4.41∙10–2 2395.42 6 4 2.67∙10–1 2454.58 14 12 1.16
2255.77 6 4 4.75∙10–1 2395.63 8 10 2.59 2455.71 8 8 1.01
2260.08 10 10 3.18∙10–2 2396.72 10 12 2.15∙10–1 2455.90 4 6 1.73
2267.59 6 8 3.69∙10–2 2399.24 6 6 1.39 2457.10 6 4 4.71∙10–1
2279.92 8 10 4.49∙10–2 2400.05 12 14 4.57 2458.78 10 12 2.31
2327.40 6 4 6.55∙10–1 2401.29 6 8 1.89 2458.97 6 4 2.51
2327.88 10 12 1.08 2402.45 10 10 5.8∙10–1 2460.44 10 12 5.39
2331.31 10 8 3.17∙10–1 2402.63 8 8 8.19∙10–1 2461.28 6 8 2.34
2332.80 8 6 1.31 2404.43 4 2 6.44∙10–1 2461.86 8 10 2.43
2338.01 4 4 1.13 2404.89 6 8 1.96 2463.28 12 10 7.1∙10–1
2338.54 10 12 5.6∙10–2 2406.66 4 4 1.61 2464.01 10 8 1.32
2343.50 10 8 1.73 2410.27 8 8 7.65∙10–1 2464.91 6 4 2.22
2343.96 8 6 3.13∙10–1 2410.52 4 6 1.55 2465.91 8 6 1.62
2344.28 2 4 9.27∙10–1 2411.07 2 2 2.37 2466.50 2 4 2.40
2345.34 14 12 7.3∙10–1 2411.81 10 12 4.33 2466.67 4 2 2.64
2348.12 10 8 6.50∙10–1 2412.01 6 8 1.66∙10–1 2466.82 6 4 1.77
2348.30 6 6 1.15 2413.31 2 4 1.02 2468.30 10 10 9.8∙10–2
2351.20 12 10 7.19∙10–1 2416.45 8 10 2.38 2469.37 10 8 2.23∙10–2
2351.67 6 6 1.80 2417.87 12 12 9.5∙10–1 2469.52 8 6 2.58
2352.31 2 4 4.38 2418.44 6 8 2.28 2470.41 6 6 6.0∙10–1
2353.47 12 14 4.98 2419.89 10 10 2.2∙10–2 2470.67 8 6 1.54
2353.68 8 8 1.30 2422.69 6 8 1.46 2471.28 10 8 4.15∙10–1
2354.48 10 8 8.13∙10–1 2422.93 10 8 2.94∙10–2 2472.61 8 10 3.22
2354.89 6 4 2.67∙10–1 2423.21 4 6 1.40 2473.32 2 2 2.74
2359.11 4 6 5.0∙10–1 2424.15 10 12 2.21 2475.12 4 6 3.72
2359.60 10 10 2.25∙10–1 2424.39 6 8 1.61∙10–1 2475.54 6 8 3.18
2360.00 10 10 3.59∙10–1 2424.59 6 6 1.24 2476.27 8 10 9.7∙10–2
2360.29 8 6 6.23∙10–1 2424.65 8 8 6.55∙10–2 2477.35 8 8 1.70∙10–1
2360.53 6 8 2.22∙10–1 2428.36 8 10 2.68 2478.57 6 6 9.1∙10–1
2361.73 8 8 2.40∙10–1 2428.80 4 4 1.38 2480.16 10 8 1.55
2362.02 8 8 1.41∙10–1 2429.04 2 4 1.23 2481.05 12 12 1.46∙10–1
2363.86 8 10 5.3 2429.39 4 4 6.9∙10–1 2482.12 14 14 6.5∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
2482.33 4 4 2.23 2540.52 2 2 1.26 2588.19 2 2 1.5∙10–1
2482.66 12 10 1.25 2540.66 6 8 1.70 2588.80 8 8 8.4∙10–2
2482.87 6 4 1.69 2541.10 8 6 9.6∙10–1 2590.55 4 6 7.9∙10–2
2483.72 8 10 5.4∙10–1 2541.84 8 6 8.2∙10–1 2591.54 6 6 5.72∙10–1
2484.24 4 6 8.3∙10–2 2542.74 2 2 1.61 2592.79 14 16 2.74
2484.44 8 8 2.16 2543.38 10 12 6.7∙10–1 2593.73 2 4 1.63∙10–1
2489.48 12 12 5.1∙10–1 2543.43 6 4 8.3∙10–1 2594.96 8 8 1.0∙10–1
2489.83 12 12 1.94 2544.97 4 6 3.93∙10–1 2598.37 8 6 1.43
2490.71 10 12 1.44 2545.22 8 10 5.3∙10–1 2599.40 10 10 2.35
2490.86 8 8 8.8∙10–1 2545.44 8 10 1.52∙10–1 2604.05 8 8 1.49∙10–1
2491.40 10 8 1.01 2546.67 8 8 7.98∙10–1 2605.04 6 8 2.34
2492.34 10 12 2.30∙10–1 2547.34 8 8 2.28∙10–1 2605.31 4 4 1.99
2493.26 14 16 3.04 2548.32 4 6 2.69∙10–1 2605.43 6 6 3.40∙10–1
2493.88 6 6 1.74 2548.59 10 10 2.67∙10–1 2605.90 4 2 1.27
2494.12 12 10 2.97∙10–2 2548.74 4 2 2.43 2606.52 6 6 2.31
2497.82 6 6 1.68 2548.92 12 10 6.0∙10–1 2607.09 6 4 1.73
2500.92 6 8 2.41 2549.08 10 8 1.89 2608.85 10 8 5.0∙10–2
2501.35 2 2 1.48 2549.40 4 4 1.65 2609.13 8 10 2.77∙10–1
2502.39 8 8 1.43 2549.46 6 6 1.12 2609.44 6 8 6.0∙10–2
2503.33 12 12 7.3∙10–1 2549.77 8 6 2.35∙10–1 2609.87 8 8 1.34∙10–1
2503.54 8 8 3.32∙10–1 2550.03 10 10 1.74 2611.07 4 6 7.28∙10–2
2503.57 10 10 2.53∙10–1 2550.15 8 10 3.91∙10–1 2611.87 8 8 1.20
2503.88 10 10 2.23 2550.57 12 12 1.6∙10–2 2613.57 10 12 2.0∙10–2
2506.09 10 10 9.9∙10–1 2550.68 12 12 1.07 2613.82 4 2 2.12
2506.80 8 10 1.98 2551.20 10 8 2.48∙10–1 2614.19 8 10 3.3∙10–2
2508.34 8 10 3.79∙10–1 2554.94 8 8 2.6∙10–2 2614.59 10 8 3.37∙10–2
2510.57 8 8 1.54∙10–1 2555.07 6 8 1.96∙10–1 2614.87 8 6 3.5∙10–2
2511.76 8 10 2.30 2555.45 4 6 2.49∙10–1 2617.62 6 6 4.88∙10–1
2513.15 10 8 2.49∙10–1 2557.08 8 10 2.8∙10–2 2619.08 10 10 2.48∙10–1
2514.38 8 8 2.11 2557.51 10 8 1.53∙10–1 2620.17 6 6 1.1∙10–1
2517.14 2 4 9.2∙10–1 2559.24 8 8 6.4∙10–2 2620.41 4 4 4.30∙10–2
2519.05 8 6 2.10 2559.77 6 8 2.42∙10–1 2620.70 8 8 3.43∙10–1
2521.09 6 4 2.05 2559.93 6 8 2.47∙10–1 2621.67 2 2 5.60∙10–1
2521.82 8 8 2.36 2560.28 4 4 1.77 2623.13 14 14 8.8∙10–2
2525.39 14 14 1.91 2562.09 4 2 1.62 2623.72 6 6 1.92∙10–1
2525.92 8 8 7.4∙10–1 2562.54 8 6 1.79 2625.49 12 14 2.55
2526.08 10 8 3.52∙10–1 2563.48 6 4 1.51 2625.67 8 10 3.52∙10–1
2526.29 6 6 2.47 2566.22 8 10 2.61 2626.50 4 6 3.48∙10–1
2527.10 12 10 3.67∙10–1 2566.40 8 6 2.29 2626.70 8 8 1.94∙10–2
2527.71 10 8 9.1∙10–1 2566.62 10 12 7.1∙10–2 2628.29 2 4 8.74∙10–1
2528.68 10 8 2.3∙10–2 2566.91 4 2 1.15 2628.58 6 6 3.4∙10–2
2529.08 4 6 1.80 2568.41 2 4 4.77∙10–1 2629.59 6 8 7.2∙10–1
2529.23 12 10 3.27∙10–1 2568.89 8 8 2.8∙10–2 2630.07 4 6 5.1∙10–1
2529.55 10 10 2.20 2569.78 2 4 1.11 2631.05 4 6 8.16∙10–1
2530.10 4 6 6.6∙10–1 2570.85 8 6 1.84 2631.32 6 8 6.29∙10–1
2533.63 12 12 1.92 2571.55 10 10 2.89∙10–2 2631.61 10 12 6.6∙10–1
2534.42 8 8 1.83 2572.97 6 8 7.89∙10–2 2633.20 6 4 1.21
2535.36 6 4 2.46 2573.21 8 10 1.42∙10–1 2636.70 4 4 8.8∙10–2
2535.49 10 8 7.47∙10–1 2573.76 8 8 2.3∙10–2 2637.50 6 6 6.2∙10–1
2536.67 12 12 5.7∙10–1 2574.37 6 4 2.43 2637.64 2 4 6.6∙10–1
2536.81 10 10 1.69 2576.86 10 12 1.32 2639.57 2 2 8.0∙10–1
2536.84 12 14 6.8∙10–1 2577.92 2 2 1.24 2641.12 4 4 3.7∙10–2
2537.14 10 10 1.44 2581.11 6 6 7.61∙10–2 2642.01 6 6 2.29∙10–1
2538.21 14 12 1.26 2582.41 6 8 2.22∙10–1 2646.21 12 10 1.44∙10–2
2538.40 6 8 3.7∙10–2 2582.58 4 4 8.80∙10–1 2649.47 6 8 1.98
2538.50 8 6 5.9∙10–1 2583.05 8 10 2.16∙10–2 2650.48 6 8 1.60
2538.68 6 8 7.4∙10–1 2585.62 10 10 3.09∙10–1 2652.57 10 8 4.45∙10–2
2538.91 10 8 1.28 2585.88 10 8 8.94∙10–1 2654.63 4 4 8.1∙10–1
2538.99 14 12 1.93 2586.06 6 4 5.8∙10–2 2657.92 10 10 3.2∙10–2
2539.81 8 8 5.6∙10–2 2587.95 8 10 1.69 2658.25 8 8 2.12∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
2662.56 2 2 1.33 2761.81 2 4 1.38∙10–1 2849.61 10 12 4.6∙10–2

2664.66 8 10 1.91 2762.33 6 6 6.0∙10–1 2853.21 6 6 2.3∙10–2
2666.64 6 8 1.87 2762.45 6 4 3.3∙10–2 2855.67 8 10 9.2∙10–2
2667.22 4 6 1.02 2763.66 14 12 1.34 2856.15 10 10 5.0∙10–2
2669.93 2 4 5.2∙10–1 2763.91 8 6 2.9∙10–2 2856.38 6 8 4.42∙10–1
2670.38 6 8 6.0∙10–2 2764.79 12 12 1.1∙10–2 2856.91 8 8 1.32
2671.39 2 4 6.5∙10–1 2765.13 10 8 1.47 2857.17 6 8 1.22∙10–1
2680.23 6 8 1.10∙10–1 2767.50 12 14 1.58 2857.42 6 6 2.0∙10–2
2682.51 8 10 9.2∙10–1 2768.93 4 6 4.75∙10–2 2858.34 10 12 4.85∙10–1
2683.00 4 6 7.3∙10–1 2769.15 8 10 6.6∙10–2 2864.97 8 8 4.3∙10–2
2684.75 8 10 1.57 2769.35 12 14 2.07∙10–1 2869.16 8 10 1.4∙10–2
2691.74 10 8 5.04∙10–2 2770.50 12 10 4.08∙10–2 2869.31 4 6 4.04∙10–1
2692.60 10 12 1.40 2771.19 10 12 4.3∙10–2 2871.06 10 12 2.2∙10–2
2693.86 8 6 4.2∙10–2 2774.69 2 4 2.73∙10–1 2871.13 12 10 3.0∙10–2
2697.33 4 4 2.48∙10–1 2776.18 6 8 2.66∙10–2 2872.38 10 8 1.70∙10–1
2697.46 4 2 1.65 2776.91 8 8 4.08∙10–1 2873.40 8 10 4.56∙10–1
2697.73 10 8 2.6∙10–2 2779.30 10 8 1.00 2875.35 8 10 1.35∙10–1
2699.20 4 4 6.2∙10–1 2779.91 2 4 2.56∙10–1 2876.80 8 8 9.56∙10–2
2703.99 8 8 1.38 2780.05 2 2 3.3∙10–1 2879.25 10 8 3.6∙10–2
2704.58 8 8 1.66∙10–2 2783.69 12 10 1.06 2880.76 8 8 2.21∙10–2
2707.13 4 6 8.3∙10–1 2784.28 2 4 3.4∙10–2 2883.71 12 14 1.48∙10–1
2709.06 4 6 3.88∙10–1 2785.19 12 10 1.53 2884.76 6 8 2.46∙10–1
2711.84 12 14 4.36∙10–1 2787.24 8 6 1.83∙10–1 2885.93 14 12 3.8∙10–2
2712.39 10 12 1.29∙10–1 2790.56 8 10 2.1∙10–2 2888.10 4 6 6.1∙10–2
2714.41 8 6 5.70∙10–1 2793.89 10 12 1.26∙10–1 2894.78 10 12 5.7∙10–2
2716.22 6 6 1.15 2796.63 10 10 2.0∙10–1 2895.22 8 10 1.09∙10–1
2716.44 6 6 2.8∙10–2 2797.92 10 10 3.2∙10–2 2897.27 6 4 1.8∙10–1
2716.57 14 12 1.35 2799.29 10 8 1.55∙10–1 2902.46 10 10 3.2∙10–2
2717.88 16 14 1.51 2805.32 4 6 2.5∙10–2 2906.12 2 4 4.4∙10–2
2718.64 10 8 1.18 2805.79 8 8 3.22∙10–2 2910.76 8 8 1.5∙10–2
2719.30 6 8 4.44∙10–1 2809.78 8 8 3.10∙10–1 2917.08 6 8 2.7∙10–2
2721.81 12 10 5.1∙10–2 2811.27 12 10 1.2∙10–2 2922.02 8 10 3.8∙10–2
2722.06 8 8 1.42∙10–1 2812.49 4 4 2.9∙10–2 2926.59 8 10 5.1∙10–2
2722.74 6 8 8.2∙10–1 2813.61 8 10 3.40∙10–2 2944.40 4 2 3.5∙10–1
2724.88 6 6 9.58∙10–2 2817.09 6 4 3.37∙10–1 2947.65 6 4 2.01∙10–1
2726.52 6 8 5.0∙10–2 2819.34 12 12 9.7∙10–3 2949.18 10 8 2.45∙10–1
2727.38 12 10 3.12∙10–1 2826.03 8 6 4.5∙10–2 2953.77 6 8 5.2∙10–2
2727.54 6 4 9.38∙10–1 2827.43 12 14 2.4∙10–2 2954.05 8 8 1.2∙10–2
2728.91 8 10 1.25∙10–1 2828.63 12 10 6.9∙10–2 2959.60 8 6 9.7∙10–2
2730.73 4 4 2.79∙10–1 2831.56 4 6 7.6∙10–1 2959.84 8 6 1.36∙10–1
2732.01 10 8 7.05∙10–2 2833.09 6 6 4.55∙10–1 2964.13 8 6 4.6∙10–2
2732.94 8 6 9.5∙10–1 2835.71 4 6 5.1∙10–1 2964.62 2 2 6.5∙10–2
2736.97 4 2 1.22 2836.19 4 4 5.4∙10–2 2965.03 4 4 9.43∙10–2
2739.55 8 8 2.21 2836.51 2 4 9.8∙10–2 2969.94 8 6 2.28∙10–1
2741.39 6 6 2.03∙10–1 2837.30 10 12 1.9∙10–2 2970.52 4 6 2.70∙10–2
2743.20 2 4 1.97 2838.22 4 2 8.6∙10–1 2970.69 10 8 4.15∙10–2
2744.90 6 8 3.62∙10–2 2839.51 10 8 1.47 2982.06 4 6 2.41∙10–1
2746.48 4 6 2.05 2839.80 8 10 5.8∙10–1 2984.82 6 6 4.29∙10–1
2746.98 6 6 1.69 2840.34 12 12 7.7∙10–2 2985.54 2 4 2.39∙10–1
2749.18 4 4 1.21 2840.65 2 4 7.6∙10–1 2997.30 6 8 8.6∙10–2
2749.32 6 8 2.16 2840.76 10 12 1.49∙10–1 3000.06 8 6 3.0∙10–2
2749.49 2 2 1.16 2842.08 8 8 1.5∙10–2 3002.32 6 8 2.0∙10–2
2750.01 10 10 1.8∙10–2 2843.32 10 10 1.40∙10–2 3002.65 4 6 1.79∙10–1
2751.13 4 4 2.92∙10–1 2843.48 4 6 9.6∙10–2 3036.96 6 6 2.22∙10–1
2752.15 4 4 7.7∙10–1 2844.96 2 2 5.5∙10–1 3044.84 8 10 1.2∙10–2
2753.29 10 12 1.89 2845.60 8 6 1.57 3048.99 4 4 3.84∙10–1
2754.89 8 6 1.21 2847.77 4 4 5.1∙10–1 3056.80 14 12 1.7∙10–2
2755.74 8 10 2.15 2848.11 6 6 9.9∙10–1 3062.24 12 10 1.36∙10–1
2756.51 6 8 7.3∙10–2 2848.32 6 4 1.59 3065.32 6 6 2.9∙10–2
2757.03 10 8 8.07∙10–2 2848.91 12 10 5.3∙10–2 3070.69 10 8 1.28∙10–2


λ λ λ
Atomic
3071.12 2 4 2.59∙10–1 5018.44 6 6 2.0∙10–2 1987.50 13 13 4.9
3076.44 4 6 3.75∙10–1 5030.63 10 10 7.1∙10–1
3077.17 14 12 1.35∙10–1 5035.71 10 12 9.4∙10–1 Fe VII
3078.68 6 8 5.5∙10–1 5144.35 4 6 8.5∙10–1 150.807 5 7 1.3∙103
3089.38 6 8 2.2∙10–2 5149.47 8 10 9.0∙10–1 150.852 7 9 1.3∙103
3096.29 8 8 1.9∙10–2 5169.03 6 8 4.22∙10–2 151.023 9 11 1.6∙103
3105.17 4 2 7.5∙10–2 5197.58 6 4 5.4∙10–3 151.046 7 7 2.2∙102
3105.55 2 2 7.0∙10–2 5227.48 12 14 1.22 151.145 9 9 2.1∙102
3106.57 8 8 1.88∙10–2 5247.95 4 6 1.43 151.432 5 7 2.2∙102
3114.30 4 4 6.4∙10–2 5251.23 6 8 8.0∙10–1 151.512 5 5 5.3∙102
3114.69 2 4 2.5∙10–2 5264.18 8 10 4.76∙10–1 151.675 7 7 3.9∙102
3116.58 6 4 5.5∙10–2 5272.40 6 6 3.9∙10–3 151.782 9 9 2.4∙102
3133.05 4 6 1.5∙10–2 5276.00 10 8 3.76∙10–3 154.307 3 1 8.9∙102
3135.36 6 6 8.8∙10–2 5306.18 6 8 3.28∙10–1 154.335 5 7 1.2∙103
3144.75 8 6 2.7∙10–2 5316.22 14 14 3.69∙10–1 154.363 3 3 4.2∙102
3154.20 10 10 2.06∙10–1 5316.62 12 10 3.89∙10–3 154.565 5 3 3.5∙102
3162.80 8 8 5.5∙10–2 5387.06 12 14 5.2∙10–1 154.650 5 5 8.8∙102
3167.86 8 8 1.59∙10–1 5395.86 6 8 5.5∙10–1 154.848 1 3 7.7∙102
3177.53 8 8 1.74∙10–1 5402.06 10 12 5.6∙10–1 154.921 3 5 9.7∙102
3179.50 6 8 1.11∙10–1 5427.83 12 10 5.9∙10–3 154.941 3 3 2.4∙102
3180.15 4 6 7.7∙10–2 5429.99 8 10 6.0∙10–1 154.949 5 7 1.0∙103
3186.74 4 4 3.85∙10–2 5465.93 6 8 6.2∙10–1 155.994 9 11 1.8∙103
3187.30 10 10 5.0∙10–2 5482.31 10 12 4.78∙10–1 158.481 9 9 2.3∙102
3192.91 6 6 1.27∙10–2 5493.83 8 10 4.01∙10–1 165.087 1 3 6.9∙102
3193.80 2 2 5.4∙10–2 5506.19 12 14 1.14 165.919 7 5 2.8∙103
3193.86 8 8 3.86∙10–2 5510.78 10 12 2.28∙10–1 166.365 9 7 2.9∙103
3196.07 6 8 1.61∙10–2 5529.05 6 6 2.01∙10–1 173.441 9 9 3.6∙103
3210.44 2 4 3.63∙10–2 5544.76 12 12 2.49∙10–1 176.744 9 9 2.7∙103
3213.31 4 6 6.12∙10–2 5783.63 8 10 4.62∙10–1 176.928 7 7 2.4∙103
3227.74 6 8 8.9∙10–2 5885.01 4 6 6.4∙10–1 177.172 5 5 1.5∙103
3231.71 6 8 1.4∙10–2 5902.83 8 10 4.98∙10–1 235.221 5 3 1.7∙102
3232.78 8 6 5.0∙10–2 5955.70 6 8 4.19∙10–1 240.053 3 1 1.3∙102
3237.82 2 4 6.8∙10–2 5961.71 10 12 7.4∙10–1 243.379 9 7 2.1∙102
3243.72 10 8 5.1∙10–2 5965.62 10 10 2.19∙10–1
3247.17 4 6 7.1∙10–2 6175.15 8 8 1.8∙10–3 Fe VIII
3258.77 6 8 9.39∙10–2 6305.30 10 10 1.4∙10–3 112.472 4 4 3.6∙102
3259.05 8 10 6.7∙10–2 6331.95 6 8 1.8∙10–3 112.486 6 6 4.3∙102
3276.60 6 8 1.0∙10–2 6446.41 8 10 1.3∙10–3 116.196 4 6 4.5∙102
3289.35 8 8 2.1∙10–2 6456.38 8 6 1.7∙10–3 117.197 6 8 3.8∙102
3323.06 8 10 1.4∙10–2 167.486 4 4 3.0∙103
3366.97 8 6 2.2∙10–2 Fe III 168.172 6 6 3.1∙103
3381.01 6 4 3.0∙10–2 1843.4 9 7 4.8 168.545 6 4 2.0∙103
3453.62 8 10 8.5∙10–3 1844.3 7 5 4.9 168.929 4 2 2.1∙103
3468.68 8 8 2.0∙10–2 1846.9 5 3 5.5 185.213 6 8 1.0∙103
3493.47 10 10 3.2∙10–2 1854.38 3 1 5.7 186.601 4 6 9.4∙102
3621.27 2 4 2.2∙10–2 1865.20 7 7 6.1
3748.48 6 4 3.4∙10–2 1893.98 11 9 5.5 Fe X
3759.46 4 2 3.2∙10–2 1896.80 13 11 5.0 76.822 2 2 1.8∙103
3906.04 6 8 1.1∙10–2 1904.3 5 5 5.7 77.865 4 6 1.6∙103
3935.96 8 10 8.3∙10–3 1907.58 15 13 5.3 100.026 8 10 2.6∙103
3938.97 4 6 8.4∙10–3 1915.08 13 15 6.0 101.733 6 8 1.8∙103
4233.17 6 8 7.22∙10–3 1922.79 11 13 5.5 101.846 4 6 1.7∙103
4522.63 6 4 8.4∙10–3 1930.39 9 11 5.1 102.095 10 12 2.9∙103
4549.19 4 6 9.2∙10–3 1931.51 9 11 5.3 102.192 10 12 2.9∙103
4549.47 8 6 1.00∙10–2 1937.35 7 9 5.1 102.829 4 6 2.1∙103
4583.84 10 8 7.22∙10–3 1943.48 5 7 5.0 103.319 6 8 2.6∙103
4635.32 6 8 1.0∙10–2 1950.33 13 15 5.5 103.724 6 8 1.7∙103
4923.93 6 4 4.28∙10–2 1951.01 11 11 5.3 104.638 8 10 2.1∙103
4990.51 6 8 5.2∙10–1 1952.65 9 9 4.9 174.534 4 6 1.8∙103
5001.96 12 14 1.57 1953.32 7 7 5.1 175.266 2 4 1.72∙103


λ λ λ
Atomic
219 2 4 4.8∙102 96.348 6 8 9.3∙102

Fe XI 219 4 6 2.4∙102 117.2 2 4 3.93∙102
72.166 5 7 2.9∙103 219.123 4 6 3.9∙102 117.7 2 2 3.9∙102
72.310 5 5 1.5∙103 220 4 4 3.2∙102 123.4 2 4 5.9∙102
72.635 5 7 1.6∙103 221 4 6 5.9∙102 124.5 4 6 7.0∙102
91.394 5 7 2.6∙103 226 2 4 3.9∙102 144.06 4 6 1.6∙103
91.472 7 9 2.5∙103 264.787 4 4 3.38∙102 144.25 6 8 1.6∙103
91.63 3 5 2.3∙103 268 6 6 2.1∙102 148 4 2 6.5∙102
91.63 7 9 3.4∙103 280 4 6 2.8∙102 266.7 4 6 3.9∙102
91.63 5 7 2.8∙103 283 6 8 2.7∙102 267.0 6 8 4.3∙102
91.733 9 11 4.1∙103 288.45 6 4 1.6∙102
92.81 9 11 3.7∙103 Fe XVII
92.87 11 13 3.9∙103 Fe XV 11.023 1 3 2.1∙104
93.433 9 11 3.2∙103 38.95 1 3 1.69∙103 12.123 1 3 8.0∙104
179.762 5 7 1.67∙103 52.911 1 3 2.94∙103 12.264 1 3 5.9∙104
59.404 3 5 3.4∙103 12.526 1 3 3.0∙103
Fe XII 63.959 5 7 1.6∙103 12.681 1 3 3.5∙103
65.905 4 4 2.0∙103 65.370 1 3 3.2∙102 13.823 1 3 3.3∙104
66.526 6 8 1.7∙103 65.612 3 3 9.8∙102 13.891 1 3 3.4∙103
66.960 4 6 1.6∙103 66.238 5 3 1.6∙103 15.015 1 3 2.28∙105
67.164 4 2 1.1∙103 68.860 9 11 9.2∙103 15.262 1 3 6.0∙104
67.821 4 6 1.4∙103 69.7 3 1 1.9∙103 16.777 1 3 8.29∙103
68.382 2 4 1.7∙103 69.942 3 5 7.4∙103 17.054 1 3 9.33∙103
80.541 6 6 8.7∙102 69.989 5 7 7.9∙103 41.37 9 11 4.8∙103
81.943 6 4 1.4∙103 70.052 7 9 8.8∙103 49.427 3 3 4.0∙103
82.226 4 2 1.9∙103 70.224 1 3 4.13∙103 50.26 7 9 6.0∙103
84.48 4 6 4.5∙103 70.53 7 5 2.6∙102 58.76 9 11 1.2∙104
84.48 8 10 4.9∙103 70.59 7 7 1.7∙103
84.52 10 12 5.2∙103 73.199 7 9 8.8∙103 Fe XIX
84.52 6 8 4.0∙103 73.473 5 7 6.2∙103 13.413 5 3 1.3∙104
84.85 6 8 2.3∙103 233.857 5 7 2.2∙102 13.426 5 7 4.8∙104
85.14 8 10 3.4∙103 235 1 3 2.5∙102 13.47 3 1 1.5∙105
85.477 10 12 4.6∙103 243 1 3 2.4∙102 13.520 5 7 2.0∙105
186.880 6 8 1.0∙103 243 5 7 2.3∙102 13.56 3 5 1.0∙104
192.394 4 2 9.0∙102 243.790 3 5 4.2∙102 13.68 3 1 8.0∙104
193.509 4 4 9.1∙102 248 3 1 5.4∙102 13.69 5 7 2.3∙104
195.119 4 6 8.6∙102 284.160 1 3 2.28∙102 13.700 1 3 2.7∙105
13.71 5 5 2.2∙104
Fe XIII Fe XVI 13.738 5 7 1.0∙104
62.353 1 3 2.0∙103 39.827 2 4 2.1∙103 13.796 5 7 7.0∙104
62.46 5 7 1.2∙103 40.153 4 6 2.5∙103 13.83 5 5 1.4∙104
62.699 3 5 2.3∙103 40.199 4 6 1.7∙103 13.934 1 3 4.51∙104
63.188 5 7 3.9∙103 40.245 6 8 1.8∙103 13.961 3 3 2.0∙104
64.139 1 3 2.1∙103 46.661 4 6 3.46∙103 14.668 5 7 1.1∙104
74.845 5 5 1.0∙103 46.718 6 8 3.7∙103 14.671 5 3 1.1∙104
75.892 5 3 7.7∙102 50.350 2 4 1.86∙103 14.929 3 3 1.2∙104
76.117 5 3 2.1∙103 54.142 2 4 3.41∙103 14.966 5 3 2.5∙104
78.452 9 11 6.3∙103 54.728 4 6 4.16∙103 14.995 5 5 2.2∙104
84.270 7 9 5.5∙103 62.879 2 2 1.05∙103 15.015 1 3 1.4∙104
107.384 7 5 1.8∙103 63.719 4 2 2.18∙103 16.668 3 1 1.1∙104
66.263 4 6 9.39∙103
Fe XIV 66.368 6 8 1.00∙104 Fe XX
72.80 10 12 7.9∙103 66.392 6 6 6.69∙102 12.77 4 4 2.1∙105
76.022 4 6 6.6∙103 76.502 6 4 6.7∙102 12.78 4 2 6.9∙104
76.152 6 8 7.0∙103 76.796 4 2 7.72∙102 12.78 2 4 1.4∙105
190 6 8 2.8∙102 80.192 4 6 5.2∙102 12.82 4 4 1.1∙105
211.316 2 4 3.6∙102 80.270 6 8 5.4∙102 12.88 6 4 2.7∙104
216 6 8 1.7∙102 85.587 2 4 4.0∙102 12.89 4 4 4.4∙104
217 6 8 4.0∙102 86.133 4 6 4.8∙102 12.90 4 6 1.4∙105
217 6 6 2.6∙102 96.256 4 6 8.7∙102 12.93 4 6 1.6∙105


λ λ λ
Atomic
12.98 2 2 6.7∙104 12.077 2 4 1.0∙105 1.5749 1 3 1.5∙105
12.99 6 6 5.1∙104 12.077 4 6 2.4∙105 1.778 3 3 8.7∙104
13.01 2 4 3.0∙104 12.095 6 6 7.8∙104 1.782 3 1 4.69∙106
13.03 4 2 8.6∙104 12.193 2 4 7.2∙104 1.787 1 3 2.57∙106
13.13 2 4 8.9∙104 12.193 4 6 9.9∙104 1.787 5 5 1.19∙106
13.79 6 6 1.2∙104 12.325 2 2 1.5∙105 1.788 3 5 2.68∙106
1.788 3 5 1.63∙106
Fe XXI Fe XXIII 1.789 1 3 1.78∙106
8.56 5 7 2.0∙104 8.614 5 7 7.7∙104 1.790 3 3 1.23∙106
8.64 5 7 1.5∙104 8.752 5 7 1.2∙105 1.791 3 5 4.10∙106
8.65 5 7 3.9∙104 10.927 5 7 6.0∙104 1.791 3 3 2.59∙106
9.42 3 3 3.3∙104 10.934 3 5 5.4∙104 1.792 3 1 4.92∙106
9.44 3 5 1.7∙104 11.165 3 5 6.7∙104 1.792 5 5 2.81∙106
9.45 1 3 5.2∙104 11.298 1 3 1.3∙105 1.793 3 1 2.67∙106
9.47 5 7 4.9∙104 11.325 3 5 1.7∙105 1.794 5 3 2.22∙106
9.67 1 3 5.7∙104 11.338 3 3 9.3∙104 1.797 3 5 8.8∙105
12.02 1 3 1.3∙104 11.433 3 3 1.2∙105 1.798 3 3 1.0∙105
12.13 3 3 1.8∙104 11.441 5 7 2.2∙105 1.800 1 3 8.6∙104
12.18 5 7 2.2∙104 11.445 5 5 5.6∙104 1.802 3 1 4.1∙105
12.21 3 1 1.5∙105 11.485 3 5 1.40∙105 1.810 3 1 5.9∙105
12.21 3 3 1.2∙105 11.519 5 5 1.16∙105 1.8502 1 3 4.57∙106
12.25 1 3 2.1∙105 11.520 1 3 2.16∙105 1.8593 1 3 4.42∙105
12.28 5 3 5.2∙104 11.524 5 7 2.3∙105 10.038 3 3 8.08∙104
12.30 5 7 2.1∙105 11.593 5 7 3.58∙105
12.36 3 3 3.6∙104 11.613 3 5 1.0∙105 Krypton
12.37 5 7 3.1∙105 11.691 5 7 7.7∙104
Kr I
12.47 5 7 5.8∙104 11.698 5 5 7.3∙104
1164.9 1 3 3.16
12.47 5 3 1.3∙104 11.737 3 5 1.8∙105
1235.8 1 3 3.12
12.49 5 7 1.3∙104 11.898 1 3 2.03∙105
4274.0 5 5 2.6∙10–2
12.53 5 5 1.5∙104
4351.4 3 1 3.2∙10–2
12.57 1 3 7.2∙104 Fe XXIV
4362.6 5 3 8.4∙10–3
12.73 5 5 8.2∙103 1.8523 2 2 1.0∙105
4376.1 3 1 5.6∙10–2
12.95 3 5 6.2∙103 1.8552 2 4 4.82∙106
4400.0 3 5 2.0∙10–2
13.03 5 5 1.3∙104 1.8563 4 2 2.43∙106
4410.4 3 3 4.4∙10–3
1.8572 2 2 3.06∙106
4425.2 3 3 9.7∙10–3
Fe XXII 1.858 2 4 1.2∙105
4453.9 3 5 7.8∙10–3
9.002 4 6 5.5∙104 1.8614 4 4 6.24∙106
4463.7 3 3 2.3∙10–2
9.006 6 8 5.7∙104 1.8626 2 4 3.16∙106
4502.4 3 5 9.2∙10–3
9.006 6 6 5.3∙104 1.8627 2 2 5.47∙106
5562.2 5 5 2.8∙10–3
9.163 4 6 6.9∙104 1.8637 2 2 1.91∙106
5570.3 5 3 2.1∙10–2
9.183 6 8 8.3∙104 1.8655 4 6 2.14∙106
5649.6 1 3 3.7∙10–3
9.241 4 6 5.1∙104 1.8672 4 2 1.63∙106
5870.9 3 5 1.8∙10–2
11.748 4 4 1.2∙105 1.8678 4 4 3.5∙105
6904.7 3 5 1.3∙10–2
11.748 4 6 1.6∙105 1.8721 4 6 3.2∙105
7224.1 3 5 1.4∙10–2
11.748 4 2 1.8∙105 1.8721 2 2 2.0∙105
7587.4 3 1 5.1∙10–1
11.763 2 4 1.6∙105 1.8730 2 4 1.5∙105
7601.5 5 5 3.1∙10–1
11.789 2 2 2.6∙105 1.8739 4 4 8.3∙104
7685.2 3 1 4.9∙10–1
11.789 6 8 1.2∙105 1.891 2 2 9.7∙104
7694.5 5 3 5.6∙10–2
11.797 2 4 1.7∙105 1.897 4 2 9.8∙104
7854.8 1 3 2.3∙10–1
11.823 6 4 7.9∙104 8.231 2 4 6.10∙104
8059.5 1 3 1.9∙10–1
11.837 6 8 2.3∙105 8.316 4 6 7.07∙104
8104.4 5 5 1.3∙10–1
11.837 6 6 1.7∙105 10.619 2 4 7.28∙104
8112.9 5 7 3.6∙10–1
11.886 4 6 1.3∙105 10.663 2 2 7.51∙104
8190.1 3 5 1.1∙10–1
11.898 2 4 8.2∙104 11.030 2 4 1.84∙105
8263.2 3 5 3.5∙10–1
11.922 4 6 1.8∙105 11.171 4 6 2.18∙105
8281.1 3 3 1.9∙10–1
11.976 6 8 5.9∙104
8298.1 3 3 3.2∙10–1
12.027 2 4 6.9∙104 Fe XXV
8508.9 3 3 2.4∙10–1
12.045 6 8 2.4∙105 1.4607 1 3 2.54∙105
8776.7 3 5 2.7∙10–1
12.045 4 4 9.7∙104 1.4945 1 3 5.05∙105
8928.7 5 3 3.7∙10–1
12.053 4 6 6.1∙104 1.5730 1 3 1.24∙106


λ λ λ
Atomic
*2562.3 2 6 8.865∙10–3 3841.2 6 6 2.5∙10–1

Kr II *2741.2 2 6 1.248∙10–2 4518.6 4 4 2.1∙10–1
4250.6 4 4 1.2∙10–1 *3232.7 2 6 1.002∙10–2
4292.9 4 4 9.6∙10–1 *3671.7 6 10 1.678∙10–2 Magnesium
4355.5 6 8 1.0 *3720.9 6 10 2.413∙10–2
Mg I
4431.7 2 2 1.8 *3746.6 6 2 1.01∙10–2
1683.412 1 3 1.88∙10–2
4436.8 2 4 6.6∙10–1 *3795.1 6 10 3.649∙10–2
1707.061 1 3 3.28∙10–2
4577.2 6 8 9.6∙10–1 *3835.6 6 2 1.56∙10–2
1747.794 1 3 6.62∙10–2
4583.0 6 4 7.6∙10–1 *3915.3 6 10 5.957∙10–2
1827.934 1 3 1.60∙10–1
4615.3 4 4 5.4∙10–1 *3985.5 6 2 2.59∙10–2
2025.824 1 3 6.12∙10–1
4619.2 4 6 8.1∙10–1 *4132.6 6 10 1.08∙10–1
2731.993 1 3 6.97∙10–2
4633.9 4 6 7.1∙10–1 *4273.1 6 2 4.76∙10–2
2733.493 3 5 9.37∙10–2
4658.9 6 4 6.5∙10–1 *4602.9 6 10 2.322∙10–1
2736.542 5 7 1.25∙10–1
4739.0 6 6 7.6∙10–1 *4971.7 6 2 1.038∙10–1
2776.690 3 5 1.32
4762.4 2 4 4.2∙10–1 *6103.6 6 10 6.8563∙10–1
2778.270 1 3 1.82
4765.7 4 6 6.7∙10–1 *6707.8 2 6 3.6891∙10–1
2779.831 3 3 1.36
4811.8 2 4 1.7∙10–1 *8126.4 6 2 3.3466∙10–1
2779.831 5 5 4.09
4825.2 2 4 1.9∙10–1 *10510 6 10 1.97∙10–2
2781.416 3 1 5.43
4832.1 4 2 7.3∙10–1 *11032 6 2 1.46∙10–2
2782.972 5 3 2.14
5208.3 4 4 1.4∙10–1 *12237 6 10 3.49∙10–2
2809.761 7 7 2.50
5308.7 4 6 2.4∙10–2 *12782 10 14 4.578∙10–2
2811.112 5 5 1.96
7407.0 6 6 7.0∙10–2 *12929 10 6 2.28∙10–3
2811.781 3 3 2.11
*13557 6 2 2.84∙10–2
2846.716 1 3 1.31∙10–1
Lead *17545 6 10 6.791∙10–2
2848.342 3 5 1.77∙10–1
*18697 10 14 1.383∙10–1
Pb I 2851.660 5 7 2.35∙10–1
*19276 10 6 5.375∙10–3
2022.0 1 3 5.2∙10–2 2852.127 1 3 4.91
*24463 6 2 7.453∙10–2
2053.3 1 3 1.2∙10–1 2915.453 5 5 4.09
*26880 2 6 3.738∙10–2
2170.0 1 3 1.5 2936.739 1 3 1.37∙10–2
*38079 6 10 1.37∙10–2
2401.9 3 3 1.9∙10–1 2938.473 3 3 4.12∙10–2
*41792 10 6 2.77∙10–3
2446.2 3 3 2.5∙10–1 2941.995 5 3 6.83∙10–2
2476.4 3 5 2.8∙10–1 3091.065 1 3 3.09∙10–1
Li II
2577.3 5 3 5.0∙10–1 3092.984 3 5 3.74∙10–1
199.279 1 3 2.5569∙102
2613.7 3 3 2.7∙10–1 3096.890 5 7 4.96∙10–1
*935.88 9 15 6.1345∙10–1
2614.2 3 5 1.9 3329.919 1 3 3.09∙10–2
*944.72 3 9 1.4329
2628.3 5 3 3.1∙10–2 3332.146 3 3 1.02∙10–1
*965.13 9 15 1.0002
2657.1 3 5 9.8∙10–4 3336.674 5 3 1.70∙10–1
*1017.9 9 15 1.8076
2663.2 5 5 7.1∙10–1 3829.3549 1 3 8.99∙10–1
1093.43 1 3 1.3533
2802.0 5 7 1.6 3832.2996 3 3 6.74∙10–1
1102.46 3 5 1.4070
2823.2 5 5 2.6∙10–1 3832.3037 3 5 1.21
*1131.9 9 15 3.8492
2833.1 1 3 5.8∙10–1 3838.2918 5 7 1.61
*1198.1 3 9 2.8969
2873.3 5 5 3.7∙10–1 3838.2943 5 5 4.03∙10–1
1237.28 3 5 3.1179
3572.7 5 3 9.9∙10–1 3890.241 1 3 1.31
1420.89 1 3 2.8309
3639.6 3 3 3.4∙10–1 3891.906 3 5 1.77
*1493.0 9 15 1.1215∙101
3671.5 5 3 4.4∙10–1 3893.304 3 3 9.81∙10–1
*1653.1 9 3 2.8585
3683.5 3 1 1.5 3895.572 5 7 2.35
1681.66 3 5 1.0069∙101
3739.9 5 5 7.3∙10–1 3898.120 5 5 5.88∙10–1
1755.33 3 1 2.0499
4019.6 5 7 3.5∙10–2 3938.400 3 5 5.47∙10–2
*2329.8 3 9 1.1758∙10–1
4057.8 5 3 8.9∙10–1 3986.7533 3 5 7.30∙10–2
*2674.4 3 9 1.9081∙10–1
4062.1 5 3 9.2∙10–1 4057.5052 3 5 1.02∙10–1
*3684.7 3 9 3.0580∙10–1
4168.0 5 5 1.2∙10–2 4167.2712 3 5 1.38∙10–1
*5484.5 3 9 2.2727∙10–1
5005.4 1 3 2.7∙10–1 4351.9056 3 5 1.84∙10–1
9581.43 1 3 5.1423∙10–2
5201.4 1 3 1.9∙10–1 4571.0956 1 3 2.54∙10–6
*21061 3 9 2.5664∙10–2
7229.0 5 3 8.9∙10–3 4702.9909 3 5 2.19∙10–1
4730.0285 3 1 1.34∙10–2
Lutetium
Lithium 5167.3216 1 3 1.13∙10–1
Lu I 5172.6843 3 3 3.37∙10–1
Li I
3376.5 4 4 2.23 5183.6042 5 3 5.61∙10–1
*2394.4 2 6 2.664∙10–3
3567.8 4 6 5.9∙10–1 5528.4047 3 5 1.39∙10–1
*2425.4 2 6 3.823∙10–3
3620.3 6 4 1.1∙10–2 5711.0880 3 1 3.86∙10–2
*2475.1 2 6 5.735∙10–3


λ λ λ
Atomic
6318.716 3 5 2.63∙10–3 1271.943 2 2 4.49∙10–2 4739.712 4 6 7.55∙10–2
6319.236 3 3 2.64∙10–3 1272.725 4 6 1.44∙10–2 4868.845 6 4 1.50∙10–3
6319.493 3 1 2.63∙10–3 1273.427 4 2 8.97∙10–2 4868.845 8 6 1.41∙10–3
7291.060 1 3 6.27∙10–4 1306.711 2 4 2.19∙10–2 5068.937 6 4 3.97∙10–3
7657.603 3 5 1.23∙10–2 1307.877 2 2 6.72∙10–2 5069.802 4 2 4.35∙10–3
7659.152 3 3 1.23∙10–2 1308.282 4 6 2.58∙10–2 5264.215 6 8 1.27∙10–1
7659.902 3 1 1.23∙10–2 1309.439 4 2 1.34∙10–1 5264.368 4 6 1.19∙10–1
7881.667 5 7 4.56∙10–3 1365.545 2 4 4.53∙10–2 5434.039 6 4 2.45∙10–3
7930.806 7 9 5.38∙10–3 1367.260 4 6 5.35∙10–2 5434.039 8 6 2.33∙10–3
7930.806 3 5 4.52∙10–3 1367.704 2 2 1.08∙10–1 5451.259 2 4 1.03∙10–2
7947.07 1 3 2.91∙10–4 1369.425 4 2 2.17∙10–1 5460.019 2 2 1.11∙10–2
7953.39 5 3 1.45∙10–3 1476.004 2 4 1.10∙10–1 5464.136 4 2 2.22∙10–2
8047.73 1 3 3.53∙10–3 1478.013 4 6 1.30∙10–1 5916.429 6 4 6.42∙10–3
8049.854 3 5 4.78∙10–3 1480.890 2 2 1.93∙10–1 5918.158 4 2 7.04∙10–3
8054.232 5 7 6.36∙10–3 1482.902 4 2 3.85∙10–1 5923.366 2 4 1.40∙10–2
8098.724 7 9 7.68∙10–3 1734.845 2 4 4.29∙10–1 5928.233 4 6 1.66∙10–2
8098.724 3 5 6.46∙10–3 1737.618 4 6 5.09∙10–1 5938.629 2 2 1.36∙10–2
8209.839 5 3 1.81∙10–3 1750.654 2 2 4.00∙10–1 5943.499 4 2 2.71∙10–2
8213.034 5 7 4.38∙10–2 1753.456 4 2 7.98∙10–1 6346.737 6 8 2.20∙10–1
8303.313 1 3 5.16∙10–3 2329.578 6 8 1.36∙10–1 6346.962 4 6 2.05∙10–1
8305.596 3 5 9.28∙10–3 2329.578 4 6 1.27∙10–1 6620.440 6 4 4.61∙10–3
8310.264 5 7 9.24∙10–3 2449.590 6 8 2.16∙10–1 6620.569 8 6 4.37∙10–3
8346.120 7 9 1.15∙10–2 2449.590 4 6 2.02∙10–1 6781.451 2 4 2.49∙10–2
8346.120 3 5 9.59∙10–3 2660.755 6 8 3.81∙10–1 6787.851 4 6 2.96∙10–2
8710.175 1 3 7.97∙10–3 2660.817 4 6 3.56∙10–1 6812.860 2 2 2.11∙10–2
8712.689 3 5 1.07∙10–2 2790.776 2 4 4.01 6819.270 4 2 4.21∙10–2
8717.825 5 7 1.43∙10–2 2795.528 2 4 2.60 7786.500 2 4 1.97∙10–3
8736.021 7 9 1.83∙10–2 2797.998 4 6 4.79 7790.978 2 2 1.84∙10–3
8736.021 3 5 1.54∙10–2 2802.704 2 2 2.57 7877.051 2 4 6.58∙10–1
8806.757 3 5 1.27∙10–1 2928.634 2 2 1.15 7896.368 4 6 7.86∙10–1
8923.569 1 3 5.86∙10–3 2936.509 4 2 2.30 8115.220 6 4 1.22∙10–2
9246.499 5 3 2.99∙10–3 2968.020 4 6 1.98∙10–2 8120.434 4 2 1.34∙10–2
9255.778 5 7 7.95∙10–2 2969.145 2 2 2.25∙10–2 8213.989 2 2 2.65∙10–1
9414.964 5 7 2.88∙10–2 2971.839 4 2 4.49∙10–2 8234.639 4 2 5.29∙10–1
9414.964 7 9 3.24∙10–2 3104.722 6 8 7.97∙10–1 8734.990 2 4 5.34∙10–2
9414.964 3 5 2.72∙10–2 3104.809 4 6 7.44∙10–1 8745.657 4 6 6.37∙10–2
9429.814 1 3 1.34∙10–2 3165.878 2 4 2.89∙10–2 8824.323 2 2 3.69∙10–2
9432.764 3 5 1.81∙10–2 3168.951 4 6 3.43∙10–2 8835.082 4 2 7.36∙10–2
9438.783 5 7 2.41∙10–2 3172.706 2 2 3.41∙10–2 9218.248 2 4 3.64∙10–1
9665.54 3 5 2.44∙10–3 3175.783 4 2 6.81∙10–2 9244.266 2 2 3.61∙10–1
9983.20 1 3 1.57∙10–3 3534.972 2 4 5.80∙10–2 9631.888 6 8 4.21∙10–1
9986.475 3 3 4.70∙10–3 3538.813 4 6 6.90∙10–2 9632.435 4 6 3.93∙10–1
9993.209 5 3 7.81∙10–3 3549.516 2 2 5.64∙10–2
3553.366 4 2 1.12∙10–1 Mg III
Mg II 3613.781 2 4 1.79∙10–3 186.5149 1 3 1.86∙102
870.2 2 4 1.04∙10–2 3615.583 2 2 1.56∙10–3 187.1977 1 3 1.26∙102
870.2 2 2 1.08∙10–2 3848.209 6 4 2.96∙10–2 188.5296 1 3 2.5
884.7 2 4 1.38∙10–2 3848.335 4 4 3.29∙10–3 231.7333 1 3 9.12∙10
884.7 2 2 1.44∙10–2 3850.385 4 2 3.24∙10–2 234.2631 1 3 4.98
907.4 2 4 1.94∙10–2 4384.637 2 4 1.45∙10–1 1229.389 3 3 5.72∙10–1
907.4 2 2 2.02∙10–2 4390.564 4 6 1.73∙10–1 1239.827 3 1 1.82
946.703 2 4 2.69∙10–2 4427.994 2 2 1.05∙10–1 1274.831 3 5 2.53
946.769 2 2 2.81∙10–2 4433.990 4 2 2.10∙10–1 1350.156 5 3 3.50∙10–1
1025.962 2 4 3.43∙10–2 4436.486 6 8 6.38∙10–2 1378.700 3 1 5.32
1026.108 2 2 3.63∙10–2 4436.598 4 6 5.95∙10–2 1393.391 7 5 6.38
1239.936 2 4 1.35∙10–2 4481.130 6 8 2.33 1405.170 5 5 1.54
1240.399 2 2 1.52∙10–2 4481.327 4 6 2.17 1422.118 3 5 1.80∙10–1
1248.511 2 2 3.83∙10–2 4630.878 6 4 2.75∙10–3 1431.136 5 3 4.30
1249.932 4 2 7.64∙10–2 4631.405 4 2 3.01∙10–3 1435.550 3 1 3.04
1271.243 2 4 1.23∙10–2 4739.588 6 8 8.09∙10–2 1439.770 1 3 3.54∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
1443.738 3 3 1.81 1879.492 5 5 1.76 3044.57 10 8 5.7∙10–1

1446.254 3 1 4.15∙10–1 1887.308 5 3 7.56∙10–1 3045.59 10 10 6.7∙10–1
1447.260 5 3 2.22 1896.304 5 3 4.20∙10–1 3047.03 12 12 6.1∙10–1
1458.172 3 1 3.21 1901.572 3 5 3.78∙10–1 3082.71 14 14 2.9∙10–1
1462.305 5 5 1.21 1901.572 3 3 5.47∙10–1 3228.09 10 12 6.4∙10–1
1467.188 3 3 9.37∙10–1 1908.500 3 1 5.15 3230.72 8 8 3.5∙10–1
1482.67 3 5 1.55∙10–1 1918.777 5 5 1.98 3243.78 6 6 5.3∙10–1
1493.097 5 5 1.02 1921.374 3 3 2.26∙10–1 3256.14 4 6 5.0∙10–1
1506.826 3 5 3.91∙10–1 1923.896 3 5 1.37 3267.79 14 14 3.5∙10–1
1550.82 3 1 1.04∙10 1930.374 3 1 8.30∙10–1 3268.72 6 8 3.3∙10–1
1572.712 3 5 6.92 1930.672 5 5 1.70 3270.35 12 12 2.6∙10–1
1586.237 3 3 8.02 1937.843 1 3 1.46 3273.02 10 10 2.7∙10–1
1592.360 3 1 8.53 1938.936 5 3 8.97∙10–1 3463.66 8 8 3.2∙10–1
1626.093 5 3 1.77∙10–1 1941.500 3 5 1.23∙10–1 3511.83 12 12 2.7∙10–1
1635.946 7 5 2.44∙10–1 1941.500 3 3 3.27∙10–1 3577.87 10 8 9.4∙10–1
1642.826 7 7 9.17∙10–1 1954.831 1 3 7.97∙10–1 3601.27 12 10 2.3∙10–1
1648.822 3 3 5.38∙10–1 1962.145 3 3 7.76∙10–1 3608.49 6 6 3.6∙10–1
1652.218 5 5 9.10∙10–1 1971.514 3 1 2.06 3660.40 12 14 9.1∙10–1
1659.244 5 7 8.48∙10–1 1977.554 3 5 4.94∙10–1 3675.67 6 8 2.2∙10–1
1663.287 5 5 1.68∙10–1 1979.327 1 3 1.22 3676.96 10 12 7.3∙10–1
1675.710 3 5 4.19∙10–1 1979.43 1 3 4.10∙10–1 3680.15 12 10 1.9∙10–1
1679.470 5 3 5.88∙10–1 2004.860 5 3 3.33∙10–1 3682.09 8 10 7.6∙10–1
1687.091 3 5 1.41 2039.553 5 5 1.54 3684.87 6 8 2.6∙10–1
1697.282 7 7 2.14 2055.491 3 3 2.35 3706.08 12 14 1.4
1703.108 5 3 1.71∙10–1 2064.902 5 7 4.21 3718.92 10 12 9.6∙10–1
1703.731 3 3 2.97 2085.891 3 3 1.61 3731.94 8 10 1.0
1704.368 7 5 1.79∙10–1 2091.963 3 5 2.57 3771.44 14 14 1.9∙10–1
1714.783 5 7 4.76∙10–1 2094.207 3 1 1.21∙10–1 3773.86 12 12 2.5∙10–1
1722.041 5 5 3.23 2097.936 1 3 1.50 3800.55 6 8 2.7∙10–1
1730.733 7 7 1.03 2112.773 3 5 1.69 3806.72 10 12 5.9∙10–1
1730.778 3 3 1.44 2134.054 3 3 2.36 3823.51 8 10 5.21∙10–1
1731.786 5 5 1.60 2177.694 3 5 2.12 3834.37 6 8 4.29∙10–1
1738.835 7 9 1.14∙10 2273.414 3 3 1.27∙10–2 3841.07 4 6 3.3∙10–1
1739.475 5 7 3.26∙10–4 2318.125 3 5 4.44∙10–2 3889.46 12 14 3.1∙10–1
1743.947 5 5 3.76∙10–1 2395.149 5 3 1.67 3924.08 2 4 9.4∙10–1
1745.009 5 3 5.37∙10–2 2467.751 3 3 6.91∙10–1 3926.48 6 8 5.4∙10–1
1747.561 3 5 7.38 2490.534 1 3 1.61 3952.84 6 6 4.1∙10–1
1748.932 5 7 8.71 2529.190 1 3 1.89∙10–1 3982.90 6 4 5.5∙10–1
1757.176 7 5 2.04∙10–1 2618.011 1 3 8.72∙10–1 4011.91 8 8 2.3∙10–1
1757.888 1 3 2.10 2905.419 1 3 6.84∙10–3 4018.11 10 8 2.54∙10–1
1761.740 5 3 3.16∙10–3 4030.76 6 8 1.7∙10–1
1763.805 3 3 3.17 Mg IV 4041.36 10 10 7.87∙10–1
1772.982 3 5 7.67 129.857 4 6 5.61∙102 4048.75 6 4 7.5∙10–1
1775.942 5 5 1.28∙10–1 320.9943 4 2 1.13∙102 4052.48 6 8 3.8∙10–1
1783.253 5 7 9.39 323.3076 2 2 5.52∙101 4055.55 8 8 4.31∙10–1
1787.927 5 5 1.46 840.366 6 4 1.24∙101 4058.94 4 2 7.25∙10–1
1791.375 3 3 2.32 842.087 8 6 1.19∙101 4065.08 12 14 2.5∙10–1
1793.207 5 3 3.36∙10–1 1346.543 6 8 1.07∙101 4066.24 10 8 2.2∙10–1
1794.582 3 5 7.73 1352.020 4 6 6.59 4079.42 2 4 3.8∙10–1
1800.662 5 7 8.21 1384.425 8 10 1.45∙101 4082.95 4 6 2.95∙10–1
1803.087 3 5 1.03∙10–1 1437.61 6 8 1.21∙101 4083.63 6 8 2.8∙10–1
1820.421 1 3 2.98 4089.94 8 10 1.7∙10–1
1820.896 3 3 3.05∙10–2 Manganese 4105.37 10 8 1.7∙10–1
1826.750 3 3 1.32∙10–1 4135.03 12 12 3.0∙10–1
Mn I
1828.974 3 1 4.97∙10–1 4141.06 10 10 2.6∙10–1
2794.82 6 8 3.7
1838.336 5 7 1.09 4148.80 8 8 2.3∙10–1
2798.27 6 6 3.6
1839.878 3 5 4.55∙10–1 4176.61 14 12 2.4∙10–1
2801.08 6 4 3.7
1847.561 5 7 3.74∙10–2 4189.99 12 10 2.0∙10–1
3016.45 10 12 2.9∙10–1
1858.186 5 3 1.28 4201.78 10 8 2.3∙10–1
3043.36 8 8 5.9∙10–1
1868.225 5 5 1.94 4235.30 8 6 9.17∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
4265.93 4 4 4.92∙10–1 328.431 5 5 4.4∙101 2906.06 3 3 8.04∙10–1
4281.10 6 6 2.3∙10–1 328.558 3 5 1.2∙101 2915.38 5 3 7.31∙10–1
4411.87 12 10 2.6∙10–1 329.043 1 3 1.1∙101 2936.50 11 11 2.33∙10–1
4414.89 8 6 2.93∙10–1 1236.23 5 3 1.3∙101 2945.43 7 7 3.66∙10–1
4419.77 10 8 2.1∙10–1 1255.77 3 1 1.2∙101 2959.48 9 11 1.75∙10–1
4436.36 6 4 4.37∙10–1 1285.10 5 7 1.1∙101 2977.27 9 7 3.28∙10–1
4451.58 8 8 7.98∙10–1 1333.87 7 9 1.0∙101 2987.92 3 5 8.43∙10–1
4453.01 4 2 5.44∙10–1 2988.23 5 7 4.28∙10–1
4455.82 4 6 1.7∙10–1 Mercury 2989.80 9 7 9.27∙10–1
4457.55 6 6 4.27∙10–1 3000.85 5 7 2.58∙10–1
Hg I
4458.26 6 8 4.62∙10–1 3013.39 7 5 6.06∙10–1
2536.52 1 3 8.00∙10–2
4461.09 8 8 1.7∙10–1 3016.78 9 9 2.75∙10–1
2652.04 3 5 3.88∙10–1
4462.03 8 10 7.00∙10–1 3025.00 5 5 8.49∙10–1
2655.13 3 5 1.1∙10–1
4464.68 6 6 4.39∙10–1 3036.31 3 5 5.81∙10–1
2752.78 1 3 6.10∙10–2
4470.14 4 4 3.00∙10–1 3041.70 13 11 5.94∙10–1
2856.94 3 1 1.1∙10–2
4479.40 8 10 3.4∙10–1 3046.80 13 11 1.63∙10–1
2893.60 3 3 1.6∙10–1
4490.08 2 4 2.49∙10–1 3047.31 11 9 5.01∙10–1
2925.4 5 3 7.7∙10–2
4498.90 4 6 2.49∙10–1 3055.32 9 7 4.29∙10–1
2967.3 1 3 4.5∙10–1
4502.22 6 8 1.86∙10–1 3061.59 7 5 4.41∙10–1
3021.50 5 7 5.09∙10–1
4605.37 10 12 3.6∙10–1 3064.27 13 13 8.46∙10–1
3023.48 5 5 9.4∙10–2
4626.54 12 14 3.6∙10–1 3065.04 13 13 3.08∙10–1
3027.49 5 5 2.0∙10–2
4709.71 8 8 1.72∙10–1 3069.96 11 11 2.72∙10–1
3125.66 3 5 6.56∙10–1
4727.46 6 6 1.7∙10–1 3070.89 9 11 1.87∙10–1
3341.48 5 3 1.68∙10–1
4739.11 4 4 2.40∙10–1 3074.37 11 11 1.42
3650.15 5 7 1.3
4754.05 6 8 3.03∙10–1 3079.88 9 11 9.55∙10–1
3654.83 5 5 1.8∙10–1
4761.53 2 4 5.35∙10–1 3080.40 7 9 3.61∙10–1
4046.56 1 3 2.1∙10–1
4762.38 8 10 7.83∙10–1 3085.62 9 9 1.63
4077.81 3 1 4.0∙10–2
4765.86 4 6 4.1∙10–1 3089.71 5 7 2.34∙10–1
4108.1 3 1 3.0∙10–2
4766.43 6 8 4.6∙10–1 3094.66 7 7 1.63
4339.22 3 5 2.88∙10–2
4783.43 8 8 4.01∙10–1 3100.88 7 9 1.20
4347.50 3 5 8.4∙10–2
4823.53 10 8 4.99∙10–1 3101.34 5 5 1.92
4358.34 3 3 5.57∙10–1
6013.48 4 6 1.72∙10–1 3117.54 13 13 1.89∙10–1
4916.07 3 1 5.8∙10–2
6021.79 8 6 3.32∙10–1 3132.59 7 9 1.79
5025.64 3 3 2.7∙10–4
3135.90 9 11 3.68∙10–1
5460.75 5 3 4.87∙10–1
Mn II 3136.75 9 11 1.57∙10–1
5769.59 3 5 2.36∙10–1
2593.72 7 7 2.6 3142.75 3 5 4.10∙10–1
6234.4 1 3 5.3∙10–3
2605.68 7 5 2.7 3147.35 13 11 2.41∙10–1
6716.4 1 3 4.3∙10–3
2933.05 5 3 2.0 3155.19 7 7 2.75∙10–1
6907.5 3 5 2.8∙10–2
2939.31 5 5 1.9 3158.17 7 7 4.63∙10–1
7728.8 1 3 9.7∙10–3
2949.20 5 7 1.9 3170.34 7 7 1.37
10139.79 3 1 2.71∙10–1
3441.99 9 7 4.3∙10–1 3171.38 5 7 2.03∙10–1
3460.32 7 5 3.2∙10–1 3175.59 13 11 8.40∙10–1
Molybdenum
3474.13 5 3 1.5∙10–1 3179.78 11 13 2.33∙10–1
3482.90 5 5 2.0∙10–1 Mo I 3183.03 11 9 3.98∙10–1
3488.68 3 3 2.5∙10–1 2616.79 3 5 7.34∙10–1 3184.58 7 5 2.77∙10–1
2629.85 5 7 7.75∙10–1 3185.10 7 7 2.54∙10–1
Mn VI 2638.30 5 5 7.57∙10–1 3185.71 5 3 6.10∙10–1
307.999 9 9 3.7∙101 2640.98 7 5 1.20 3188.10 7 9 3.45∙10–1
309.440 9 7 5.7∙101 2649.46 7 9 9.84∙10–1 3188.41 5 7 4.40∙10–1
309.579 7 5 4.4∙101 2655.02 9 7 4.08∙10–1 3192.79 9 11 1.88∙10–1
310.058 7 7 3.4∙101 2658.11 7 7 6.43∙10–1 3193.98 7 5 1.53
310.182 5 5 2.8∙101 2679.85 9 11 1.31 3194.88 9 11 1.75∙10–1
311.748 5 3 5.7∙101 2684.16 9 9 4.18∙10–1 3195.96 9 7 4.10∙10–1
320.598 3 5 1.5∙101 2733.39 5 7 2.95∙10–1 3198.85 15 13 7.22∙10–1
320.681 1 3 2.2∙101 2751.47 7 9 2.54∙10–1 3205.22 1 3 4.27∙10–1
320.874 3 1 7.8∙101 2761.53 9 11 2.06∙10–1 3205.43 9 11 2.55∙10–1
320.979 3 3 2.2∙101 2787.83 9 7 2.85∙10–1 3205.89 9 9 5.35∙10–1
321.176 5 5 6.0∙101 2826.75 7 7 4.23∙10–1 3208.84 7 5 2.77∙10–1
321.541 5 3 2.7∙101 2876.54 9 9 2.84∙10–1 3210.97 7 5 6.94∙10–1
325.146 9 7 1.3∙102 2886.60 11 11 4.74∙10–1 3214.44 9 7 2.01∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
3215.07 3 5 4.20∙10–1 3475.03 3 3 4.68∙10–1 3720.25 7 9 2.86∙10–1

3216.78 15 13 2.10∙10–1 3479.42 7 5 2.26∙10–1 3725.55 7 7 1.60∙10–1
3221.73 3 1 1.41 3489.43 7 7 3.27∙10–1 3727.68 9 11 1.51∙10–1
3228.21 5 7 3.85∙10–1 3504.41 7 9 8.06∙10–1 3728.50 7 9 2.20∙10–1
3229.79 9 11 1.44∙10–1 3505.31 7 9 2.25∙10–1 3733.02 7 7 1.45∙10–1
3233.14 13 13 6.33∙10–1 3508.11 9 9 1.59∙10–1 3733.41 13 13 2.80∙10–1
3237.06 7 9 2.95∙10–1 3510.77 13 13 4.75∙10–1 3735.62 11 11 1.66∙10–1
3251.65 3 5 3.05∙10–1 3517.55 11 11 5.41∙10–1 3742.28 7 7 1.56∙10–1
3256.21 5 3 6.89∙10–1 3518.21 3 3 3.64∙10–1 3747.19 5 7 3.07∙10–1
3259.16 11 13 1.62∙10–1 3521.38 9 9 1.39∙10–1 3748.48 9 11 3.95∙10–1
3262.63 7 9 3.62∙10–1 3521.41 9 11 6.06∙10–1 3755.16 9 9 2.48∙10–1
3264.40 11 9 5.42∙10–1 3524.98 7 9 2.25∙10–1 3758.52 9 9 1.22∙10–1
3265.14 5 7 2.60∙10–1 3538.92 11 11 2.24∙10–1 3759.60 9 7 1.82∙10–1
3266.16 9 11 1.95∙10–1 3540.57 5 3 4.46∙10–1 3760.88 9 9 2.16∙10–1
3270.90 7 7 3.59∙10–1 3542.17 7 5 4.93∙10–1 3768.73 9 9 2.88∙10–1
3285.35 9 7 4.49∙10–1 3552.71 9 7 3.64∙10–1 3769.99 7 9 2.46∙10–1
3289.01 9 9 5.08∙10–1 3555.64 3 3 3.46∙10–1 3777.72 13 11 1.66∙10–1
3290.82 7 5 5.44∙10–1 3558.09 5 7 5.43∙10–1 3788.25 7 9 2.87∙10–1
3305.91 7 9 3.06∙10–1 3566.05 9 9 2.67∙10–1 3794.43 9 9 1.22∙10–1
3323.95 9 7 2.82∙10–1 3566.74 7 7 1.43∙10–1 3798.25 7 9 6.90∙10–1
3336.56 9 9 1.64∙10–1 3570.64 15 15 7.18∙10–1 3801.84 9 7 3.16∙10–1
3344.73 3 5 6.04∙10–1 3573.88 3 5 3.58∙10–1 3805.99 5 5 2.44∙10–1
3346.83 11 11 1.13∙10–1 3580.54 13 11 5.49∙10–1 3819.78 9 11 1.47∙10–1
3358.12 5 7 7.59∙10–1 3581.88 11 13 3.81∙10–1 3824.78 5 7 1.40∙10–1
3361.37 9 9 1.38∙10–1 3585.57 7 5 3.95∙10–1 3827.15 7 7 1.94∙10–1
3363.78 5 7 2.74∙10–1 3590.74 7 9 2.23∙10–1 3828.88 7 7 1.35∙10–1
3375.65 7 9 1.56∙10–1 3595.55 5 5 2.32∙10–1 3830.81 5 5 1.83∙10–1
3378.46 13 13 3.75∙10–1 3598.88 13 11 5.67∙10–1 3831.07 7 9 1.20∙10–1
3379.96 5 5 4.11∙10–1 3600.73 9 9 2.07∙10–1 3832.11 9 9 3.05∙10–1
3384.61 7 9 7.32∙10–1 3601.88 7 9 1.15∙10–1 3833.75 9 9 1.70∙10–1
3385.87 9 11 3.30∙10–1 3602.94 5 7 2.96∙10–1 3846.18 7 7 1.26∙10–1
3389.79 5 7 1.85∙10–1 3604.07 9 7 3.25∙10–1 3848.30 9 9 1.26∙10–1
3392.17 9 9 1.97∙10–1 3615.16 7 9 1.96∙10–1 3851.99 11 9 1.78∙10–1
3393.65 11 11 2.08∙10–1 3623.22 11 9 5.58∙10–1 3864.10 7 7 6.24∙10–1
3404.33 7 7 2.10∙10–1 3624.46 9 11 5.27∙10–1 3866.69 3 5 1.74∙10–1
3413.37 11 11 1.25∙10–1 3624.62 5 7 1.37∙10–1 3874.15 7 5 1.67∙10–1
3415.27 9 9 1.83∙10–1 3638.20 5 3 3.51∙10–1 3902.95 7 5 6.17∙10–1
3415.61 7 9 1.29∙10–1 3638.21 5 3 3.33∙10–1 3909.54 9 7 1.13∙10–1
3416.14 9 11 2.45∙10–1 3640.62 7 5 1.94∙10–1 3919.55 11 13 2.24∙10–1
3420.04 5 5 3.28∙10–1 3647.84 7 7 2.11∙10–1 3955.48 13 11 1.71∙10–1
3422.31 9 9 2.52∙10–1 3657.36 5 7 2.03∙10–1 3973.76 11 13 4.39∙10–1
3425.13 11 11 2.29∙10–1 3658.13 9 9 1.86∙10–1 3977.90 9 7 1.35∙10–1
3427.90 11 13 4.09∙10–1 3659.36 7 9 6.70∙10–1 3980.20 5 3 2.70∙10–1
3434.79 7 7 1.75∙10–1 3662.15 7 9 1.45∙10–1 3991.85 11 9 1.29∙10–1
3435.45 15 15 1.50 3662.99 11 11 3.48∙10–1 4010.13 5 3 4.38∙10–1
3437.21 11 9 8.06∙10–1 3663.27 7 5 2.30∙10–1 4021.01 9 11 2.65∙10–1
3445.03 7 9 1.53∙10–1 3664.81 11 13 9.54∙10–1 4051.18 13 11 1.36∙10–1
3445.26 7 5 2.96∙10–1 3669.34 9 7 2.16∙10–1 4062.08 11 9 1.96∙10–1
3447.12 9 11 8.75∙10–1 3672.81 9 11 1.95∙10–1 4069.88 13 11 3.25∙10–1
3449.07 7 9 1.52∙10–1 3672.82 9 9 1.13∙10–1 4076.19 9 9 1.16∙10–1
3449.85 5 7 1.65∙10–1 3680.68 11 11 2.96∙10–1 4084.37 9 7 1.94∙10–1
3452.60 7 7 2.48∙10–1 3681.72 9 7 1.68∙10–1 4107.46 7 5 2.02∙10–1
3456.15 5 5 3.60∙10–1 3687.96 5 7 2.12∙10–1 4120.09 13 15 6.05∙10–1
3460.78 9 7 6.03∙10–1 3688.97 11 9 3.26∙10–1 4131.92 9 11 1.56∙10–1
3466.19 9 7 2.11∙10–1 3690.59 11 9 2.07∙10–1 4148.98 9 11 1.56∙10–1
3466.96 7 7 1.52∙10–1 3694.94 5 7 6.36∙10–1 4157.40 13 11 2.17∙10–1
3467.85 5 7 2.63∙10–1 3696.04 11 11 3.59∙10–1 4157.90 9 11 1.60∙10–1
3469.22 5 3 6.96∙10–1 3708.55 7 9 1.28∙10–1 4185.82 11 13 3.82∙10–1
3469.63 13 15 1.51∙10–1 3715.75 9 7 2.38∙10–1 4188.32 11 13 3.32∙10–1
3470.92 3 5 2.91∙10–1 3718.48 5 7 1.34∙10–1 4194.56 11 11 2.70∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
4232.59 9 11 3.17∙10–1 5570.44 5 3 3.30∙10–1
4240.83 5 5 1.68∙10–1 5849.71 3 3 3.02∙10–1 Neon
4246.02 11 13 2.00∙10–1 5851.50 3 5 1.55∙10–1
Ne I
4251.88 13 11 1.76∙10–1 5893.36 5 5 2.60∙10–1
615.63 1 3 3.8∙10–1
4254.95 7 9 2.01∙10–1 5895.93 5 7 3.12∙10–1
618.67 1 3 9.3∙10–1
4269.28 11 11 1.36∙10–1 5926.37 7 7 1.63∙10–1
619.10 1 3 3.3∙10–1
4276.91 7 9 2.85∙10–1 5928.88 7 9 5.32∙10–1
626.82 1 3 7.4∙10–1
4277.24 9 11 1.35∙10–1 7154.11 9 9 3.45∙10–1
629.74 1 3 4.8∙10–1
4317.92 15 15 1.28∙10–1
735.90 1 3 6.11
4325.80 3 3 1.84∙10–1 Neodymium
743.72 1 3 4.86∙10–1
4326.14 5 7 2.56∙10–1
Nd II 3369.8 5 5 1.0∙10–3
4340.74 5 7 1.23∙10–1
3780.4 16 18 1.4∙10–1 3369.9 5 3 7.6∙10–3
4381.63 13 13 2.93∙10–1
3805.4 14 16 6.9∙10–1 3375.6 5 3 2.2∙10–3
4382.41 11 13 3.83∙10–1
3807.2 10 12 4.9∙10–2 3417.9 3 5 9.2∙10–3
4409.94 13 13 1.38∙10–1
3863.3 8 10 1.5∙10–1 3418.0 3 3 2.2∙10–3
4411.69 11 11 2.63∙10–1
3941.5 10 10 6.1∙10–1 3423.9 3 3 1.0∙10–3
4434.95 9 9 2.51∙10–1
3951.2 12 12 6.0∙10–1 3447.7 5 5 2.1∙10–2
4446.42 11 11 1.90∙10–1
3973.3 18 18 6.3∙10–1 3450.8 5 3 4.9∙10–3
4457.35 7 7 1.28∙10–1
3979.5 10 12 2.7∙10–1 3454.2 3 1 3.7∙10–2
4474.57 5 5 2.10∙10–1
3990.1 16 16 5.2∙10–1 3460.5 1 3 7.0∙10–3
4491.65 11 11 2.09∙10–1
4012.3 18 20 5.5∙10–1 3464.3 5 5 6.7∙10–3
4536.80 13 15 5.03∙10–1
4061.1 16 18 4.4∙10–1 3466.6 1 3 1.3∙10–2
4598.23 1 3 1.47∙10–1
4106.6 14 16 6.8∙10–2 3472.6 5 7 1.7∙10–2
4624.23 9 9 1.32∙10–1
4109.5 14 16 3.7∙10–1 3498.1 3 5 5.1∙10–3
4633.08 3 5 2.35∙10–1
4133.4 14 12 1.5∙10–1 3501.2 3 3 1.2∙10–2
4652.24 5 7 1.55∙10–1
4156.1 12 14 3.4∙10–1 3510.7 5 3 2.2∙10–3
4686.08 3 3 1.72∙10–1
4205.6 18 16 1.8∙10–1 3515.2 3 5 6.9∙10–3
4688.21 13 15 1.54∙10–1
4284.5 18 18 8.5∙10–2 3520.5 3 1 9.3∙10–2
4707.25 7 9 3.63∙10–1
4303.6 8 10 4.7∙10–1 3593.5 3 5 9.9∙10–3
4718.86 5 5 2.17∙10–1
4325.8 16 16 1.6∙10–1 3593.6 3 3 6.6∙10–3
4723.05 9 9 1.23∙10–1
4358.2 14 14 1.5∙10–1 3600.2 3 3 4.3∙10–3
4731.44 9 11 4.49∙10–1
4382.7 12 10 4.0∙10–2 3633.7 3 1 1.1∙10–2
4758.50 11 9 3.01∙10–1
4400.8 10 10 6.8∙10–2 3682.2 3 5 1.6∙10–3
4760.18 11 13 4.67∙10–1
4451.6 12 14 2.5∙10–1 3685.7 3 3 3.9∙10–3
4764.11 9 7 2.16∙10–1
4456.4 16 18 6.4∙10–2 3701.2 3 5 2.2∙10–3
4811.05 13 11 4.36∙10–1
4463.0 14 16 1.8∙10–1 4536.3 3 3 5.0∙10–3
4819.25 11 9 2.71∙10–1
4958.1 12 10 1.2∙10–2 4702.5 3 3 2.1∙10–3
4830.51 9 7 4.07∙10–1
5130.6 22 20 1.6∙10–1 4708.9 3 3 4.2∙10–2
4858.39 13 11 1.24∙10–1
5192.6 20 18 1.7∙10–1 4955.4 3 3 3.3∙10–3
4868.02 7 5 3.11∙10–1
5249.6 18 16 1.8∙10–1 5113.7 3 3 1.0∙10–2
5037.18 9 7 1.14∙10–1
5276.9 12 10 1.2∙10–1 5120.5 3 3 5.6∙10–3
5044.36 7 5 1.31∙10–1
5293.2 16 14 1.2∙10–1 5154.4 3 3 1.9∙10–2
5163.18 9 11 2.03∙10–1
5302.3 20 18 1.1∙10–1 5191.3 3 3 1.3∙10–2
5171.06 5 7 1.84∙10–1
5311.5 14 12 1.1∙10–1 5326.4 3 3 6.8∙10–3
5172.94 5 5 4.11∙10–1
5319.8 12 10 1.6∙10–1 5333.3 3 3 5.3∙10–3
5174.18 5 3 5.83∙10–1
5357.0 18 16 1.8∙10–1 5341.1 3 3 1.1∙10–1
5191.45 7 9 1.62∙10–1
5371.9 20 20 5.1∙10–2 5400.6 3 1 9.0∙10–3
5238.21 7 9 3.74∙10–1
5485.7 18 18 5.7∙10–2 5418.6 3 3 5.2∙10–3
5240.87 7 7 3.89∙10–1
5594.4 16 16 7.0∙10–2 5433.7 3 3 2.83∙10–3
5242.80 7 5 2.01∙10–1
5620.6 18 18 1.3∙10–1 5652.6 3 3 8.9∙10–3
5261.53 5 7 1.13∙10–1
5688.5 14 14 5.9∙10–2 5662.5 3 3 6.9∙10–3
5280.85 5 5 1.28∙10–1
5718.1 16 16 8.7∙10–2 5852.5 3 1 6.82∙10–1
5355.52 9 9 1.21∙10–1
5726.8 10 10 5.6∙10–2 5868.4 3 3 1.4∙10–2
5356.46 11 11 2.11∙10–1
5740.9 12 12 7.2∙10–2 5881.9 5 3 1.15∙10–1
5360.51 9 11 6.19∙10–1
5804.0 10 10 4.6∙10–2 5913.6 3 3 4.8∙10–2
5364.28 9 9 2.26∙10–1
5865.1 16 18 1.3∙10–2 5939.3 5 3 2.00∙10–3
5460.50 5 3 3.46∙10–1
6051.9 12 10 1.1∙10–2 5944.8 5 5 1.13∙10–1
5493.76 7 5 2.13∙10–1
5961.6 3 3 3.3∙10–2
5506.49 5 7 3.61∙10–1
5975.5 5 3 3.51∙10–2
5533.03 5 5 3.72∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
6030.0 3 3 5.61∙10–2 11767 3 3 6.9∙10–2 3214.3 4 6 2.2

6046.1 3 3 2.26∙10–3 12459 3 3 1.5∙10–2 3218.2 8 10 3.6
6074.3 3 1 6.03∙10–1 3224.8 6 8 3.5
6096.2 3 5 1.81∙10–1 Ne II 3229.5 8 8 1.3∙10–1
6118.0 5 3 6.09∙10–3 *357.03 6 10 3.8∙101 3229.6 8 10 3.6
6128.5 3 3 6.7∙10–3 *361.77 6 2 1.6∙101 3230.1 6 6 1.8
6143.1 5 5 2.82∙10–1 *406.28 6 10 1.8∙101 3230.4 4 6 1.4∙10–1
6150.3 3 3 1.5∙10–2 *446.37 6 6 4.07∙101 3232.0 6 4 2.7∙10–1
6163.6 1 3 1.46∙10–1 460.73 4 2 4.7∙101 3232.4 4 4 1.6
6217.3 5 3 6.37∙10–2 462.39 2 2 2.3∙101 3243.4 6 6 2.3∙10–1
6266.5 1 3 2.49∙10–1 1907.5 4 2 2.8∙10–1 3244.1 6 8 1.5
6273.0 3 3 9.7∙10–3 1916.1 4 4 6.9∙10–1 3248.1 4 4 2.4∙10–1
6293.7 3 3 6.39∙10–3 1930.0 2 2 5.7∙10–1 3255.4 6 4 3.8∙10–2
6304.8 3 5 4.16∙10–2 1938.8 2 4 1.3∙10–1 3263.4 2 4 3.9∙10–1
6328.2 5 3 3.39∙10–2 2858.0 6 6 7.9∙10–1 3269.9 4 6 5.1∙10–1
6330.9 3 3 2.3∙10–2 2870.0 6 6 1.7∙10–1 3270.8 6 4 5.7∙10–2
6334.4 5 5 1.61∙10–1 2873.0 6 4 3.8∙10–1 3297.7 6 6 4.3∙10–1
6351.9 1 3 3.45∙10–3 2876.3 4 6 7.8∙10–1 3309.7 4 2 3.1∙10–1
6383.0 3 3 3.21∙10–1 2876.5 6 4 3.3∙10–1 3310.5 4 4 6.9∙10–2
6401.1 3 3 1.39∙10–2 2878.1 2 2 6.9∙10–2 3311.3 4 2 2.6∙10–1
6402.2 5 7 5.14∙10–1 2888.4 4 6 7.0∙10–2 3314.7 6 6 4.4∙10–2
6506.5 3 5 3.00∙10–1 2891.5 4 4 6.1∙10–2 3319.7 4 2 1.6
6532.9 1 3 1.08∙10–1 2897.0 6 8 5.2∙10–2 3320.2 8 6 2.1∙10–1
6599.0 3 3 2.32∙10–1 2906.8 2 4 5.5∙10–1 3323.7 4 4 1.6
6602.9 3 3 5.9∙10–3 2910.1 4 2 1.7 3327.2 4 4 9.1∙10–1
6652.1 3 1 2.9∙10–3 2910.4 2 4 5.9∙10–1 3329.2 8 8 8.8∙10–1
6678.3 3 5 2.33∙10–1 2916.2 6 4 9.6∙10–2 3330.7 6 6 3.9∙10–2
6717.0 3 3 2.17∙10–1 2925.6 2 2 5.6∙10–1 3334.8 6 8 1.8
6721.1 3 3 4.9∙10–4 2933.7 6 6 6.9∙10–2 3336.1 4 6 1.1
6929.5 3 5 1.74∙10–1 2955.7 6 4 1.2 3344.4 2 2 1.5
7024.1 3 3 1.89∙10–2 3001.7 4 4 8.7∙10–1 3345.5 6 4 1.4
7032.4 5 3 2.53∙10–1 3017.3 6 4 3.5∙10–1 3345.8 4 4 2.2∙10–1
7051.3 3 3 3.0∙10–2 3027.0 6 6 1.4 3353.6 4 2 1.2∙10–1
7059.1 3 5 6.8∙10–2 3028.7 4 2 8.5∙10–1 3355.0 4 6 1.3
7173.9 3 5 2.87∙10–2 3028.9 2 4 4.7∙10–1 3356.3 6 6 2.0∙10–1
7245.2 3 3 9.35∙10–2 3034.5 6 8 3.1 3357.8 6 6 5.0∙10–1
7304.8 1 3 2.55∙10–3 3037.7 4 4 2.1 3360.3 2 4 8.6∙10–1
7438.9 1 3 2.31∙10–2 3045.6 2 2 2.5 3360.6 2 4 8.2∙10–1
7472.4 3 3 4.0∙10–2 3047.6 4 6 1.8 3362.9 4 2 3.5∙10–1
7535.8 3 3 4.3∙10–1 3054.7 2 4 9.4∙10–1 3371.8 4 6 2.2∙10–1
7937.0 5 5 7.8∙10–3 3092.9 6 6 1.3 3374.1 4 4 3.0∙10–1
8082.5 3 3 1.2∙10–3 3097.1 8 8 1.3 3378.2 2 2 1.7
8118.5 3 3 4.9∙10–2 3118.0 8 6 4.2∙10–2 3379.3 2 2 3.0∙10–1
8128.9 3 5 7.2∙10–3 3134.1 6 4 2.6∙10–1 3386.2 4 6 5.5∙10–2
8259.4 5 5 2.03∙10–2 3140.4 8 6 2.4∙10–1 3388.4 4 6 2.2
8571.4 3 3 5.5∙10–2 3151.1 6 6 4.8∙10–2 3390.6 2 4 7.7∙10–2
8582.9 3 5 1.00∙10–2 3154.8 8 6 1.8∙10–2 3392.8 2 4 4.4∙10–1
8647.0 5 5 3.91∙10–2 3164.4 8 8 1.6∙10–1 3404.8 4 6 1.9
8681.9 3 3 2.1∙10–1 3165.7 6 6 1.2∙10–1 3407.0 6 8 2.3
8767.5 3 3 1.1∙10–3 3173.6 6 4 4.5∙10–2 3411.4 4 2 6.1∙10–1
8771.7 3 3 1.6∙10–1 3176.1 4 6 6.0∙10–2 3413.2 4 4 1.8
8783.8 3 5 3.13∙10–1 3187.6 4 6 1.4∙10–2 3414.9 4 6 1.8∙10–2
8865.3 3 3 9.4∙10–3 3188.7 6 6 3.9∙10–1 3416.9 6 6 6.4∙10–1
9201.8 3 3 9.1∙10–2 3190.9 4 6 1.5∙10–1 3417.7 6 8 1.6
9433.0 3 3 1.1∙10–3 3194.6 4 4 5.2∙10–1 3438.9 2 2 1.4
9486.7 3 3 2.5∙10–2 3198.6 6 8 1.7 3440.7 2 4 3.5∙10–1
9534.2 3 3 6.3∙10–2 3198.9 4 4 2.3∙10–1 3453.1 4 4 4.6∙10–1
10621 3 3 2.4∙10–3 3209.0 8 8 1.6∙10–1 3454.8 4 4 1.6
11409 3 3 4.2∙10–2 3209.4 2 4 6.0∙10–1 3456.6 2 4 9.6∙10–1
11525 3 3 8.4∙10–2 3213.7 2 4 1.7 3457.1 4 6 9.9∙10–2


λ λ λ
Atomic
3459.3 6 6 1.6 2265.7 5 7 2.4 3458.46 3 5 6.1∙10–1
3475.2 4 4 1.2∙10–2 3461.66 7 9 2.7∙10–1
3477.6 4 6 4.3∙10–1 Ne VII 3472.55 5 7 1.2∙10–1
3481.9 4 2 1.4 97.502 1 3 1.07∙103 3492.96 5 3 9.8∙10–1
3503.6 2 2 2.0 *115.46 9 3 4.8∙102 3510.33 3 1 1.2
3522.7 4 2 2.3∙10–2 116.69 3 5 1.6∙103 3515.05 5 7 4.2∙10–1
3538.0 4 2 7.6∙10–1 127.66 3 1 1.9∙102 3524.54 7 5 1.0
3539.9 4 4 3.6∙10–2 465.22 1 3 4.09∙101 3566.37 5 5 5.6∙10–1
3542.2 6 4 6.0∙10–1 558.61 3 5 8.11 3619.39 5 7 6.6∙10–1
3542.9 4 6 1.2 559.95 1 3 1.07∙101 4027.67 5 7 1.3∙10–1
3546.2 2 4 6.3∙10–2 561.38 3 3 7.99 4295.88 9 7 1.7∙10–1
3551.6 2 4 3.7∙10–2 561.73 5 5 2.39∙101 4401.54 9 11 3.8∙10–1
3557.8 2 2 1.9∙10–1 562.99 3 1 3.17∙101 4462.46 3 5 1.7∙10–1
3561.2 4 6 2.1∙10–1 564.53 5 3 1.31∙101 4470.48 5 7 1.9∙10–1
3565.8 4 4 6.2∙10–1 4600.37 5 3 2.6∙10–1
3568.5 6 8 1.4 Ne VIII 4604.99 9 7 2.3∙10–1
3571.2 4 4 6.3∙10–1 *88.09 2 6 8.4∙102 4606.23 5 3 1.0∙10–1
3574.2 6 6 1.0∙10–1 *98.208 6 10 2.77∙103 4648.66 11 9 2.4∙10–1
3574.6 4 6 1.3 770.41 2 4 5.90 4686.22 5 5 1.4∙10–1
3590.4 4 6 3.6∙10–2 780.32 2 2 5.69 4701.54 9 9 1.4∙10–1
3594.2 4 2 1.3 2820.7 2 4 7.20∙10–1 4714.42 13 11 4.6∙10–1
3612.3 2 4 2.6∙10–1 2860.1 2 2 6.88∙10–1 4715.78 7 7 2.0∙10–1
3628.0 4 4 6.0∙10–1 4732.47 7 9 9.3∙10–2
3632.7 4 4 1.3∙10–1 Nickel 4752.43 3 3 2.0∙10–1
3643.9 4 4 3.2∙10–1 4756.52 9 9 1.5∙10–1
Ni I
3644.9 2 4 9.9∙10–1 4786.54 11 11 1.8∙10–1
1976.87 7 9 1.1
3659.9 4 6 6.7∙10–2 4829.03 5 7 1.9∙10–1
1990.25 5 7 8.3∙10–1
3664.1 6 4 7.0∙10–1 4831.18 9 7 1.6∙10–1
2014.25 3 5 9.3∙10–1
3679.8 4 2 3.2∙10–1 4838.64 9 7 2.2∙10–1
2085.57 5 5 2.6
3694.2 6 6 1.0 4855.41 5 5 5.7∙10–1
2158.31 7 5 6.9∙10–1
3697.1 2 2 2.8∙10–1 4904.41 5 3 6.2∙10–1
2289.98 9 7 2.1
3701.8 4 6 2.7∙10–1 4912.03 3 3 1.5∙10–1
2300.77 7 7 7.5∙10–1
3709.6 4 2 1.1 4913.97 1 3 2.2∙10–1
2312.34 7 7 5.5
3713.1 4 6 1.3 4918.36 9 7 2.3∙10–1
2313.98 5 5 5.0
3721.8 4 6 2.0∙10–1 4935.83 7 5 2.4∙10–1
2317.16 7 5 3.8
3726.9 4 4 1.2∙10–1 4937.34 9 9 1.2∙10–1
2320.03 9 11 6.9
3727.1 2 4 9.8∙10–1 4953.20 5 5 1.2∙10–1
2321.38 5 7 5.6
3734.9 4 4 1.9∙10–1 4980.17 9 11 1.9∙10–1
2325.79 7 9 3.5
3744.6 2 4 2.6∙10–1 5000.34 7 7 1.4∙10–1
2329.96 5 3 5.3
3751.2 2 2 1.8∙10–1 5012.46 7 7 1.1∙10–1
2345.54 9 7 2.2
3753.8 4 6 4.5∙10–1 5017.58 11 11 2.0∙10–1
2346.63 7 5 5.5∙10–1
3766.3 4 6 2.9∙10–1 5035.37 7 9 5.7∙10–1
3002.48 7 7 8.0∙10–1
3777.1 2 4 4.2∙10–1 5042.20 3 5 1.4∙10–1
3003.62 5 5 6.9∙10–1
3800.0 4 4 3.7∙10–1 5048.85 7 7 1.6∙10–1
3012.00 5 5 1.3
3818.4 2 4 6.1∙10–1 5080.53 9 11 3.2∙10–1
3037.93 7 7 2.8∙10–1
3829.8 4 6 8.4∙10–1 5081.11 7 9 5.7∙10–1
3050.82 7 9 6.0∙10–1
3942.3 4 6 1.0∙10–2 5082.35 3 3 2.5∙10–1
3054.31 5 5 4.0∙10–1
5084.08 7 9 3.1∙10–1
3057.64 3 3 1.0
Ne V 5099.95 7 7 2.9∙10–1
3101.56 5 7 6.3∙10–1
*142.61 9 9 6.7∙102 5115.40 11 9 2.2∙10–1
3101.88 5 7 4.9∙10–1
*143.32 9 15 1.2∙103 5129.37 7 5 1.2∙10–1
3134.11 3 5 7.3∙10–1
147.13 5 7 1.5∙103 5155.14 5 5 1.1∙10–1
3369.56 9 7 1.8∙10–1
151.23 5 5 3.38∙102 5155.76 5 7 2.9∙10–1
3380.57 5 3 1.3
154.50 1 3 7.0∙102 5176.57 5 5 1.8∙10–1
3392.98 7 7 2.4∙10–1
*167.69 9 9 1.5∙102 5371.33 7 7 1.6∙10–1
3414.76 7 9 5.5∙10–1
*358.93 9 3 2.1∙102 5476.91 1 3 9.5∙10–2
3423.71 3 3 3.3∙10–1
365.59 5 3 1.35∙102 5637.12 3 3 1.1∙10–1
3433.56 7 7 1.7∙10–1
*482.15 9 9 3.01∙101 5664.02 5 7 1.1∙10–1
3446.26 5 5 4.4∙10–1
*571.04 9 15 1.0∙101 5695.00 3 3 1.7∙10–1
3452.88 5 7 9.8∙10–2
2259.6 3 5 1.9 6086.29 3 5 1.1∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
6175.42 3 3 1.7∙10–1 954.104 4 6 1.95∙10–1 1313.07 2 4 2.79∙10–3

7122.24 5 7 2.1∙10–1 955.264 4 6 3.37∙10–3 1313.08 4 4 7.66∙10–5
7381.94 9 11 9.7∙10–2 955.437 4 4 1.40∙10–4 1313.28 2 2 2.37∙10–3
7422.30 7 5 1.8∙10–1 955.529 4 2 2.63∙10–3 1313.28 4 2 1.15∙10–3
7727.66 7 7 1.1∙10–1 955.882 4 4 4.29∙10–3 1314.97 2 2 1.14∙10–3
959.494 4 4 3.75∙10–3 1314.98 4 2 6.83∙10–4
Ni II 960.201 4 2 1.69∙10–3 1315.43 2 4 3.65∙10–3
2165.55 10 10 2.4 963.990 4 6 5.94∙10–1 1315.44 4 4 7.40∙10–4
2169.10 8 8 1.58 964.626 4 4 5.66∙10–1 1316.04 4 6 1.06∙10–3
2174.67 8 10 1.43 965.041 4 2 5.52∙10–1 1316.29 4 6 1.12∙10–2
2175.15 6 6 1.77 1003.37 4 4 1.86∙10–6 1318.50 4 6 1.36∙10–4
2184.61 4 4 2.90 1003.38 4 6 8.40∙10–6 1318.82 2 4 1.45∙10–5
2201.41 4 6 1.3 1134.17 4 2 1.51 1318.83 4 4 1.00∙10–2
2206.72 6 8 1.66 1134.41 4 4 1.49 1319.00 2 2 4.59∙10–1
2216.48 10 12 3.4 1134.98 4 6 1.44 1319.00 4 2 2.28∙10–1
2220.40 6 8 2.3 1159.82 4 4 4.94∙10–4 1319.67 2 4 1.70∙10–1
2222.96 10 10 9.8∙10–1 1160.94 4 2 2.72∙10–4 1319.68 4 4 5.76∙10–1
2224.86 8 8 1.55 1163.88 6 6 3.25∙10–1 1326.56 2 4 9.72∙10–3
2226.33 6 6 1.3 1164.00 4 6 2.53∙10–3 1326.57 4 4 6.71∙10–2
2253.85 4 6 1.98 1164.21 6 4 2.98∙10–2 1327.92 2 2 9.47∙10–2
2264.46 6 8 1.43 1164.32 4 4 2.82∙10–1 1327.92 4 2 4.43∙10–2
2270.21 8 10 1.56 1165.59 6 8 1.69∙10–2 1335.18 4 6 3.25∙10–6
2278.77 8 6 2.8 1165.72 6 6 8.31∙10–4 1336.39 2 4 1.02∙10–4
2287.09 6 4 2.8 1165.84 4 6 1.99∙10–3 1336.40 4 4 5.93∙10–4
2296.55 8 8 1.98 1165.88 6 4 2.43∙10–4 1337.19 2 2 3.16∙10–4
2297.14 6 4 2.70 1166.00 4 4 6.79∙10–4 1337.20 4 2 1.22∙10–4
2297.49 4 2 3.0 1167.45 6 8 1.10 1411.93 2 4 4.46∙10–1
2298.27 6 6 2.8 1167.74 6 4 1.17∙10–4 1411.94 4 4 1.01∙10–1
2303.00 8 6 2.9 1167.86 4 4 7.03∙10–4 1411.95 4 6 5.34∙10–1
2316.04 10 8 2.88 1168.22 6 6 1.30∙10–2 1492.63 6 4 3.11
2334.58 8 8 8.0∙10–1 1168.33 4 6 1.24∙10–1 1492.82 4 4 3.26∙10–1
2375.42 6 8 6.6∙10–1 1168.42 6 6 3.38∙10–2 1494.68 4 2 3.46
2394.52 8 10 1.70 1168.54 4 6 9.32∙10–1 1742.72 2 4 2.12∙10–1
2416.13 6 8 2.1 1169.69 6 8 2.79∙10–2 1742.73 4 4 1.05
2437.89 8 10 5.4∙10–1 1170.16 6 6 3.03∙10–3 1745.25 2 2 8.35∙10–1
2510.87 8 10 5.8∙10–1 1170.28 4 6 3.06∙10–2 1745.26 4 2 4.01∙10–1
1170.42 6 4 4.91∙10–4 6884.31 2 4 2.90∙10–6
Ni III 1170.54 4 4 1.11∙10–3 6900.36 4 4 1.27∙10–5
1692.51 11 13 7.9 1170.67 4 2 5.86∙10–2 7380.10 4 6 1.94∙10–5
1709.90 9 11 6.3 1171.08 6 4 1.25∙10–1 7403.39 2 4 1.14∙10–4
1719.46 5 7 6.0 1171.20 4 4 3.93∙10–3 7405.68 6 6 4.39∙10–5
1722.28 3 5 5.9 1176.51 6 4 8.52∙10–1 7421.94 4 4 1.63∙10–4
1724.52 3 1 6.7 1176.63 4 4 9.91∙10–2 7423.64 2 4 5.64∙10–2
1741.96 9 7 5.7 1177.69 4 2 1.03 7442.30 4 4 1.19∙10–1
1752.43 7 5 5.5 1183.28 6 6 1.88∙10–5 7447.81 6 4 1.49∙10–4
1760.56 5 3 6.5 1183.40 4 6 2.16∙10–6 7468.31 6 4 1.96∙10–1
1769.64 11 11 6.2 1184.24 6 4 2.45∙10–3 8184.86 4 6 8.21∙10–2
1823.06 9 9 5.6 1184.36 4 4 3.34∙10–4 8188.01 2 4 1.25∙10–1
1184.98 4 2 1.78∙10–3 8200.36 2 2 4.68∙10–2
Nitrogen 1199.55 4 6 4.07 8210.72 4 4 5.23∙10–2
1200.22 4 4 4.03 8216.34 6 6 2.26∙10–1
NI
1200.71 4 2 4.00 8223.13 4 2 2.62∙10–1
951.079 4 6 8.29∙10–3
1243.17 6 4 3.33∙10–1 8242.39 6 4 1.31∙10–1
951.295 4 4 1.71∙10–3
1243.18 6 6 3.22 8567.74 2 4 4.86∙10–2
952.303 4 6 1.12∙10–1
1243.31 4 4 3.10 8594.00 2 2 2.09∙10–1
952.415 4 4 1.45∙10–1
1243.31 4 6 2.36∙10–1 8629.24 4 4 2.67∙10–1
952.523 4 2 7.62∙10–2
1310.54 4 6 7.68∙10–1 8655.88 4 2 1.07∙10–1
953.415 4 2 1.90
1310.94 2 4 6.05∙10–1 8664.39 2 4 1.63∙10–3
953.655 4 4 1.81
1310.95 4 4 1.75∙10–1 8680.28 6 8 2.53∙10–1
953.970 4 6 1.62
1312.87 4 6 5.53∙10–4 8683.40 4 6 1.88∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
8686.15 2 4 1.15∙10–1 536.365 5 7 1.52∙10–1 1275.25 5 5 9.34∙10–2
8703.25 2 2 2.16∙10–1 536.536 5 5 2.35∙10–2 1275.28 3 5 6.32∙10–3
8711.70 4 4 1.29∙10–1 572.069 5 3 4.24∙10–3 1276.20 5 3 4.54∙10–1
8718.84 6 6 6.54∙10–2 574.650 5 7 3.83∙101 1276.22 3 3 1.54∙10–1
8728.90 4 2 3.75∙10–2 576.060 5 3 4.22∙10–4 1276.80 3 1 6.08∙10–1
8747.37 6 4 9.65∙10–3 576.232 5 5 3.23∙10–2 1299.81 5 5 7.33∙10–6
8758.21 2 4 2.62∙10–4 580.802 5 7 1.39∙10–2 1300.04 5 7 4.14∙10–5
8767.35 2 2 1.22∙10–3 580.904 5 5 1.38∙10–1 1304.77 5 3 6.74∙10–4
9020.69 2 4 3.68∙10–3 582.156 5 5 2.74∙101 1304.79 3 3 2.32∙10–4
9028.92 2 2 3.20∙10–1 583.925 5 7 2.32∙10–2 1306.71 1 3 2.06∙10–5
9060.48 2 4 3.21∙10–1 584.128 5 5 2.35∙10–1 1343.34 7 7 6.40∙10–2
9386.81 2 4 2.13∙10–1 599.644 1 3 1.02∙10–4 1343.57 5 7 7.55∙10–3
9392.79 4 6 2.51∙10–1 599.819 3 3 1.69∙10–3 1345.08 7 5 1.27∙10–2
9419.39 2 4 2.93∙10–4 600.115 5 3 3.15∙10–4 1345.31 5 5 4.90∙10–2
9460.68 4 4 3.73∙10–2 635.197 1 3 2.58∙101 1345.34 3 5 1.03∙10–2
9464.17 2 2 3.50∙10–3 640.121 1 3 2.30∙10–2 1346.41 5 3 1.94∙10–2
9493.77 4 4 4.06∙10–6 644.634 1 3 1.19∙101 1346.44 3 3 5.28∙10–2
9660.12 2 4 2.49∙10–4 644.837 3 3 3.56∙101 1381.97 5 3 1.30∙10–7
9708.45 2 2 3.18∙10–5 645.178 5 3 5.94∙101 1382.00 3 3 7.07∙10–5
9716.46 6 4 1.34∙10–4 646.209 1 3 1.43∙10–2 1538.57 3 5 1.59∙10–5
9740.39 4 2 9.03∙10–5 660.286 5 3 3.17∙101 1627.35 3 5 7.03∙10–3
9742.12 8 6 4.91∙10–7 670.296 1 3 3.80∙10–1 1627.38 5 5 2.39∙10–2
9776.90 2 4 1.40∙10–2 670.515 3 3 3.02∙10–1 1628.90 3 3 5.17∙10–3
9786.78 4 6 1.18∙10–2 670.884 5 3 3.68∙10–1 1628.92 5 3 1.98∙10–2
9788.29 2 2 3.83∙10–2 671.016 3 5 2.84 1629.08 1 3 7.93∙10–3
9798.56 4 4 3.33∙10–2 671.386 5 5 8.52 1629.83 3 1 3.21∙10–2
9810.01 4 2 5.42∙10–2 671.411 1 3 3.40 1675.73 3 3 2.70∙10–1
9814.02 6 8 7.00∙10–3 671.630 3 3 2.53 1675.75 5 3 4.39∙10–1
9822.75 6 6 5.74∙10–2 671.773 3 1 1.13∙101 1675.92 1 3 9.09∙10–2
9834.61 6 4 4.50∙10–2 672.001 5 3 4.38 1678.89 1 3 3.62∙10–6
9863.33 8 8 1.03∙10–1 693.774 3 5 5.66∙10–5 1740.31 5 7 2.21∙10–1
9872.15 8 6 2.97∙10–2 694.169 5 5 4.14∙10–4 1743.20 3 5 1.67∙10–1
9883.38 2 2 1.83∙10–2 715.254 5 3 1.06∙10–3 1743.23 5 5 5.40∙10–2
9905.52 4 2 1.83∙10–3 745.841 1 3 1.35∙101 1745.05 3 3 9.07∙10–2
9909.22 2 4 4.07∙10–3 746.984 5 3 3.69∙101 1745.08 5 3 5.97∙10–3
9931.47 4 4 2.02∙10–2 747.606 5 5 7.17∙10–5 1745.26 1 3 1.23∙10–1
9965.75 4 6 3.48∙10–3 748.369 5 3 3.81 1805.24 3 3 2.48∙10–4
9968.51 6 4 2.23∙10–3 775.965 5 5 3.14∙101 1805.28 5 3 3.05∙10–5
9980.42 4 6 4.86∙10–3 816.740 1 3 1.85∙10–4 1805.47 1 3 4.06∙10–5
834.070 5 7 8.13∙10–7 2139.01 3 5 5.15∙10–7
N II 834.740 5 5 2.42∙10–7 2142.77 5 5 1.27∙10–6
525.983 1 3 3.94∙10–2 835.163 5 3 3.04∙10–8 3329.70 5 5 2.01∙10–2
526.118 3 3 8.74∙10–4 858.376 1 3 2.56∙10–1 3408.13 3 1 1.91∙10–1
526.345 5 3 5.91∙10–3 860.205 1 3 2.65∙10–2 3437.14 3 1 1.91
528.529 5 7 1.86∙10–2 915.612 1 3 4.23 3775.61 5 5 6.61∙10–6
529.355 1 3 7.17 915.962 3 1 1.27∙101 3919.00 3 3 7.56∙10–1
529.413 3 1 2.44∙101 916.012 3 5 3.14 3955.85 3 5 1.21∙10–1
529.491 3 3 6.86 916.020 3 3 3.21 3977.31 5 5 7.79∙10–5
529.637 3 5 4.83 916.701 5 5 9.55 3995.00 3 5 1.22
529.722 5 3 1.04∙101 916.710 5 3 5.27 4046.74 5 3 1.44∙10–5
529.867 5 5 1.96∙101 1064.95 5 5 2.30∙10–5 4109.59 3 1 1.24∙10–6
533.511 1 3 2.46∙101 1064.96 5 3 5.16∙10–5 4114.33 3 3 1.65∙10–3
533.581 3 5 3.29∙101 1083.99 1 3 2.10 4123.12 3 5 4.37∙10–4
533.650 3 3 1.70∙101 1084.56 3 3 1.54 4236.36 3 3 1.93∙10–3
533.729 5 7 4.24∙101 1084.58 3 5 2.82 4319.06 3 1 5.59∙10–5
533.815 5 5 9.35 1085.53 5 3 9.96∙10–2 4374.99 3 5 6.31∙10–3
533.884 5 3 9.54∙10–1 1085.55 5 5 9.10∙10–1 4379.58 3 3 1.76∙10–3
534.637 3 5 4.96∙10–2 1085.70 5 7 3.72 4393.85 5 7 5.21∙10–4
534.872 5 5 7.14∙10–4 1162.50 3 1 8.42∙10–5 4412.50 7 7 2.93∙10–5
536.300 3 5 6.40∙10–2 1275.04 7 5 5.10∙10–1 4445.03 5 7 1.20∙10–6


λ λ λ
Atomic
4447.03 3 5 1.12 5676.02 1 3 2.80∙10–1 1751.66 4 6 1.51

4459.94 3 1 7.99∙10–2 5679.56 5 7 4.96∙10–1 2972.55 2 2 6.67∙10–1
4464.13 5 5 5.85∙10–8 5686.21 3 3 1.78∙10–1 2977.33 4 2 3.32∙10–1
4465.53 3 3 1.59∙10–2 5710.77 5 5 1.17∙10–1 2978.84 2 4 1.66∙10–1
4475.89 3 5 3.96∙10–4 5730.66 5 3 1.26∙10–2 2983.64 4 4 8.24∙10–1
4476.27 5 3 3.40∙10–5 5747.30 3 5 3.27∙10–2 3342.76 2 2 3.80∙10–1
4477.68 5 3 6.44∙10–2 5767.45 3 3 2.39∙10–2 3353.98 2 4 7.66∙10–1
4488.09 5 5 8.62∙10–3 5927.81 1 3 3.19∙10–1 3354.32 4 6 5.51∙10–1
4507.56 7 5 7.39∙10–2 5931.78 3 5 4.23∙10–1 3355.46 4 2 7.51∙10–1
4564.76 3 5 1.65∙10–2 5940.24 3 3 2.22∙10–1 3358.78 2 2 3.05∙10–1
4601.48 3 5 2.22∙10–1 5941.65 5 7 5.47∙10–1 3360.98 4 4 2.44∙10–1
4607.15 1 3 3.15∙10–1 5952.39 5 5 1.24∙10–1 3365.80 4 2 1.52
4613.87 3 3 2.12∙10–1 5960.91 5 3 1.29∙10–2 3367.36 6 6 1.27
4621.39 3 1 9.04∙10–1 6065.00 3 5 2.57∙10–3 3374.07 6 4 8.13∙10–1
4630.54 5 5 7.48∙10–1 6086.54 5 5 5.87∙10–5 3745.95 2 4 1.90∙10–1
4643.09 5 3 4.39∙10–1 6284.32 5 3 4.63∙10–2 3752.63 2 2 6.67∙10–2
4654.53 3 5 1.92∙10–2 6285.69 5 7 1.10∙10–3 3754.69 4 4 3.78∙10–1
4667.21 3 3 2.31∙10–2 6286.11 3 5 4.50∙10–4 3762.60 4 4 4.24∙10–2
4674.91 3 1 8.54∙10–2 6309.25 5 5 1.71∙10–4 3771.03 6 4 5.59∙10–1
4709.44 3 3 1.49∙10–3 6366.79 1 3 8.14∙10–5 3771.36 6 4 8.28∙10–2
4774.24 3 5 3.07∙10–2 6379.62 3 3 3.52∙10–2 3792.97 8 6 1.03∙10–1
4779.72 3 3 2.49∙10–1 6433.44 3 5 1.22∙10–4 3934.50 2 4 7.49∙10–1
4781.19 5 7 1.92∙10–2 6457.68 3 3 1.17∙10–4 3938.51 4 6 8.96∙10–1
4788.14 5 5 2.50∙10–1 6472.43 3 1 1.13∙10–4 3942.88 4 4 1.49∙10–1
4793.65 5 3 7.73∙10–2 6482.05 3 3 2.58∙10–1 4097.36 2 4 8.70∙10–1
4803.29 7 7 3.17∙10–1 6610.56 5 7 6.01∙10–1 4103.39 2 2 8.67∙10–1
4810.30 7 5 4.75∙10–2 6802.17 5 3 1.43∙10–5 4195.74 2 4 9.37∙10–1
4860.17 3 5 1.87∙10–2 6826.23 5 5 2.49∙10–4 4200.07 4 6 1.12
4874.57 5 5 2.17∙10–5 7262.55 3 3 1.42∙10–7 4215.77 4 4 1.85∙10–1
4895.12 5 3 3.04∙10–2 7528.12 5 7 6.61∙10–5 4318.78 2 4 5.40∙10–2
4897.54 7 5 5.61∙10–6 7545.36 5 5 4.53∙10–4 4321.22 2 2 1.08∙10–1
4987.38 3 1 6.98∙10–1 7559.05 5 3 1.90∙10–5 4321.39 4 6 5.03∙10–2
4994.37 3 3 7.11∙10–1 7762.24 5 5 8.49∙10–2 4325.43 4 4 8.60∙10–2
5001.13 3 5 9.65∙10–1 8089.08 5 7 1.01∙10–4 4327.69 6 8 3.06∙10–2
5001.47 5 7 1.04 8128.14 5 5 5.55∙10–4 4327.88 4 2 1.07∙10–1
5002.70 1 3 8.33∙10–2 8687.43 3 1 1.16∙10–2 4332.95 6 6 1.23∙10–1
5005.15 7 9 1.14 9399.64 1 3 1.04∙10–4 4337.01 6 4 7.47∙10–2
5007.33 3 5 7.43∙10–1 4345.81 8 8 1.82∙10–1
5010.62 3 3 2.10∙10–1 N III 4351.11 8 6 4.01∙10–2
5016.38 5 5 1.59∙10–1 374.198 2 4 9.89∙101 4510.88 2 4 2.84∙10–1
5025.66 7 7 1.04∙10–1 451.871 2 2 1.03∙101 4510.96 4 6 4.77∙10–1
5040.71 7 5 3.65∙10–3 452.227 4 2 2.05∙101 4514.85 6 8 6.80∙10–1
5045.10 5 3 3.37∙10–1 684.998 2 4 9.63 4518.14 2 2 5.65∙10–1
5073.59 3 3 2.43∙10–2 685.515 2 2 3.83∙101 4523.56 4 4 3.61∙10–1
5114.28 1 3 3.88∙10–4 685.817 4 4 4.54∙101 4530.86 4 2 1.12∙10–1
5123.53 3 3 5.69∙10–5 686.336 4 2 1.95∙101 4534.58 6 6 2.01∙10–1
5138.90 5 3 3.34∙10–5 763.334 2 2 9.58 4547.30 6 4 3.33∙10–2
5238.18 3 5 3.16∙10–5 764.351 4 2 1.85∙101 4634.13 2 4 6.36∙10–1
5355.00 5 7 7.02∙10–5 771.545 2 4 8.19 4640.64 4 6 7.60∙10–1
5383.72 3 5 3.69∙10–3 771.901 4 4 1.64∙101 4641.85 4 4 1.26∙10–1
5390.69 3 3 2.04∙10–3 772.384 6 4 2.45∙101 4858.70 2 4 4.35∙10–1
5452.07 1 3 9.82∙10–2 772.889 6 4 2.09∙101 4858.98 4 6 4.66∙10–1
5454.22 3 1 3.70∙10–1 772.955 4 2 2.34∙101 4861.27 6 8 5.32∙10–1
5462.58 3 3 1.11∙10–1 979.832 4 4 8.84 4867.12 4 4 1.73∙10–1
5478.09 3 5 5.22∙10–2 979.905 6 6 9.21 4867.17 8 10 6.18∙10–1
5480.05 5 3 1.44∙10–1 989.799 2 4 4.18 4873.60 6 6 1.50∙10–1
5493.23 3 5 3.11∙10–4 991.511 4 4 8.17∙10–1 4881.78 6 4 1.22∙10–2
5495.65 5 5 2.66∙10–1 991.577 4 6 4.97 4884.14 8 8 8.71∙10–2
5666.63 3 5 3.45∙10–1 1747.85 2 4 1.28 4896.58 8 6 5.86∙10–3
5674.00 3 5 4.82∙10–7 1751.22 4 4 2.48∙10–1 5260.86 2 2 2.80∙10–2


λ λ λ
Atomic
5270.57 2 4 6.95∙10–2 4762.09 5 5 6.99∙10–2 922.008 5 7 1.23
5272.68 4 2 1.39∙10–1 4769.86 5 3 2.50∙10–2 935.193 5 5 1.33
5282.43 4 4 2.21∙10–2 4786.92 7 7 8.79∙10–2 1028.16 1 3 4.22∙10–1
5297.75 4 6 4.93∙10–2 4796.66 7 5 1.53∙10–2 1152.15 5 5 5.28
5298.95 6 4 7.38∙10–2 5200.41 3 5 2.67∙10–1 1217.65 1 3 2.06
5314.36 6 6 1.14∙10–1 5204.28 5 7 3.55∙10–1 1302.17 5 3 3.41
5320.87 6 8 5.68∙10–1 5205.15 1 3 1.97∙10–1 1304.86 3 3 2.03
5327.19 4 6 5.29∙10–1 5226.70 3 3 1.46∙10–1 1306.03 1 3 6.76∙10–1
5352.46 6 6 3.72∙10–2 5245.60 5 5 8.66∙10–2 3823.41 7 7 6.63∙10–3
6365.84 2 2 2.18∙10–1 5272.35 5 3 9.48∙10–3 3823.87 5 3 1.87∙10–3
6394.75 2 4 2.15∙10–1 5288.25 5 3 3.22∙10–2 3824.35 5 5 5.19∙10–3
6445.34 2 4 8.89∙10–2 5736.93 3 5 1.84∙10–1 3825.02 3 3 5.59∙10–3
6450.79 2 2 1.77∙10–1 5776.31 1 3 1.85∙10–2 3825.19 5 7 8.31∙10–4
6454.08 4 6 1.49∙10–1 5784.76 3 1 5.51∙10–2 3855.01 5 5 1.63∙10–2
6463.09 4 4 1.13∙10–1 5795.09 3 3 1.37∙10–2 3947.29 5 7 4.91∙10–3
6467.02 6 8 2.11∙10–1 5812.31 3 5 1.36∙10–2 3947.48 5 5 4.88∙10–3
6468.57 4 2 3.52∙10–2 5826.43 5 3 2.25∙10–2 3947.59 5 3 4.87∙10–3
6478.76 6 6 6.31∙10–2 5843.84 5 5 4.01∙10–2 3951.93 3 1 3.10∙10–3
6487.84 6 4 1.05∙10–2 6380.75 1 3 1.42∙10–1 3952.98 5 3 1.29∙10–3
7371.51 4 4 3.53∙10–2 7103.24 1 3 6.28∙10–2 3953.00 1 3 1.03∙10–3
7404.54 6 6 3.61∙10–2 7109.35 3 5 8.46∙10–2 3954.52 3 5 7.73∙10–4
8307.51 2 4 1.65∙10–2 7111.28 3 3 4.70∙10–2 3954.61 5 5 2.32∙10–3
8344.95 2 2 6.52∙10–2 *7116.8 9 15 1.12∙10–1 3997.95 5 3 2.41∙10–2
8386.39 4 4 8.03∙10–2 7122.98 5 7 1.12∙10–1 4217.09 3 1 5.44∙10–3
8424.56 4 2 3.17∙10–2 7127.25 5 5 2.80∙10–2 4222.77 5 3 2.26∙10–3
7127.25 5 3 3.11∙10–3 4222.82 1 3 1.81∙10–3
N IV 9165.07 3 5 4.23∙10–2 4233.27 5 5 4.04∙10–3
247.205 1 3 1.19∙102 9182.16 5 7 4.45∙10–2 4368.19 3 1 7.56∙10–3
*283.52 9 15 3.05∙102 9222.99 7 9 4.95∙10–2 4368.24 3 5 7.59∙10–3
*322.64 9 3 8.99∙101 9247.04 5 5 7.66∙10–3 4967.38 3 5 4.43∙10–3
335.047 3 5 1.845∙102 9311.55 7 7 5.36∙10–3 4967.88 5 7 8.44∙10–3
387.356 3 1 2.55∙101 4968.79 7 9 1.27∙10–2
765.147 1 3 2.320∙101 NV 5019.29 5 5 7.13∙10–3
*923.16 9 9 1.759∙101 *209.29 2 6 1.21∙102 5020.22 7 5 9.98∙10–3
955.334 3 1 2.919∙101 *247.66 6 10 4.26∙102 5329.11 3 5 9.48∙10–3
1718.55 3 5 2.321 1238.82 2 4 3.40 5329.69 5 7 1.81∙10–2
2649.88 3 3 1.07 1242.80 2 2 3.37 5330.74 7 9 2.71∙10–2
3052.20 1 3 1.33∙10–1 4603.74 2 4 4.14∙10–1 5435.18 3 5 7.74∙10–3
3059.60 3 3 3.95∙10–1 4619.97 2 2 4.10∙10–1 5435.77 5 5 1.29∙10–2
3075.19 5 3 6.48∙10–1 5436.86 7 5 1.80∙10–2
3443.61 3 5 3.46∙10–1 N VI 5512.60 3 5 2.69∙10–3
3445.22 1 3 4.60∙10–1 24.8980 1 3 5.158∙103 5512.77 5 7 3.58∙10–3
3454.65 3 3 3.42∙10–1 28.7870 1 3 1.809∙104 5554.83 3 3 5.83∙10–3
3461.36 3 1 1.36 *161.220 3 9 2.859∙102 5555.00 5 3 9.71∙10–3
3463.36 5 5 1.02 173.275 1 3 2.697∙102 5958.39 3 5 6.80∙10–3
3474.53 5 3 5.61∙10–1 *173.93 9 15 8.756∙102 5958.58 5 7 9.06∙10–3
3478.72 3 5 1.06 185.192 3 5 8.205∙102 6046.23 3 3 1.05∙10–2
*3480.8 3 9 1.06 *1901 3 9 6.780∙10–1 6046.44 5 3 1.75∙10–2
3483.00 3 3 1.06 2896.4 1 3 2.079∙10–1 6046.49 1 3 3.50∙10–3
3484.93 3 1 1.06 *6991.1 3 9 8.384∙10–2 6155.99 3 5 2.67∙10–2
3689.94 3 1 9.10∙10–2 9622.0 1 3 3.276∙10–2 6156.78 5 7 5.08∙10–2
3694.14 3 3 2.27∙10–2 6158.19 7 9 7.62∙10–2
3707.39 5 3 6.73∙10–2 Oxygen 6324.84 7 5 3.76∙10–5
3714.43 5 5 1.34∙10–2 6453.60 3 5 1.65∙10–2
OI
3735.43 7 5 7.37∙10–2 6454.44 5 5 2.75∙10–2
791.973 5 5 4.94
3747.54 3 5 9.92∙10–1 6455.98 7 5 3.85∙10–2
792.938 1 3 2.19
4057.76 3 5 6.62∙10–1 6726.28 5 5 1.18∙10–5
792.967 3 5 1.64
4740.26 3 5 1.53∙10–2 6726.54 5 3 6.44∙10–6
877.798 5 3 2.85
4747.96 3 3 7.60∙10–2 7001.92 3 5 2.65∙10–2
877.879 5 5 5.12
4752.49 5 7 1.13∙10–2 7002.23 5 7 3.53∙10–2


λ λ λ
Atomic
7254.15 3 3 2.24∙10–2 2425.57 6 6 1.77∙10–1 4106.02 8 6 1.70∙10–2

7254.45 5 3 3.73∙10–2 2433.54 2 4 4.21∙10–1 4109.84 6 6 1.21∙10–2
7254.53 1 3 7.45∙10–3 2436.06 4 4 1.69∙10–1 4110.19 6 4 2.54∙10–1
7771.94 5 7 3.69∙10–1 2444.25 4 4 7.56∙10–2 4110.79 4 2 7.70∙10–1
7774.17 5 5 3.69∙10–1 2445.53 4 6 4.98∙10–1 4112.02 6 6 1.81∙10–1
7775.39 5 3 3.69∙10–1 2517.96 4 6 7.72∙10–2 4113.83 8 6 2.41∙10–1
7981.94 3 3 2.33∙10–4 2523.21 2 2 9.63∙10–2 4119.22 6 8 1.33
7982.40 1 3 3.09∙10–4 2526.87 4 4 1.20∙10–1 4120.28 6 6 2.15∙10–1
7986.98 3 5 4.19∙10–4 2530.28 6 8 8.16∙10–2 4120.55 6 4 2.60∙10–1
7987.33 5 5 1.41∙10–4 2571.46 2 4 1.15∙10–1 4121.46 2 2 5.60∙10–1
7995.07 5 7 5.63∙10–4 2575.28 4 6 1.37∙10–1 4129.32 4 2 1.79∙10–1
8221.82 7 7 2.89∙10–1 3134.73 8 6 1.23 4132.80 2 4 9.13∙10–1
8227.65 5 3 8.13∙10–2 3273.43 8 6 9.99∙10–1 4140.70 4 4 4.09∙10–2
8230.00 5 5 2.26∙10–1 3377.15 2 2 1.27 4153.30 4 6 7.91∙10–1
8233.00 3 3 2.43∙10–1 3390.21 2 4 1.22 4156.53 6 4 2.11∙10–1
8235.35 3 5 4.86∙10–2 3407.28 6 6 1.02 4169.22 6 6 2.71∙10–1
8446.25 3 1 3.22∙10–1 3712.74 2 4 2.84∙10–1 4185.44 6 8 1.91
8446.36 3 5 3.22∙10–1 3727.32 4 4 5.81∙10–1 4189.58 8 8 7.06∙10–2
8446.76 3 3 3.22∙10–1 3749.48 6 4 9.31∙10–1 4189.79 8 10 1.98
8820.42 5 7 2.93∙10–1 3833.07 6 8 1.02∙10–2 4192.51 6 4 3.21∙10–1
9260.81 3 1 4.46∙10–1 3842.81 2 4 7.45∙10–2 4196.27 4 4 3.56∙10–2
9260.85 3 3 3.34∙10–1 3843.58 4 6 3.55∙10–2 4196.70 4 2 3.56∙10–1
9260.94 3 5 1.56∙10–1 3847.89 2 2 1.95∙10–1 4317.14 2 4 3.70∙10–1
9262.58 5 3 1.11∙10–1 3850.80 4 6 6.00∙10–3 4319.63 4 6 2.55∙10–1
9262.67 5 5 2.60∙10–1 3851.03 4 4 1.59∙10–1 4319.87 2 2 5.62∙10–1
9262.78 5 7 2.97∙10–1 3851.47 8 8 2.72∙10–2 4325.76 2 2 1.47∙10–1
9265.83 7 5 2.97∙10–2 3856.13 4 2 2.28∙10–1 4327.46 6 6 6.76∙10–1
9265.93 7 7 1.48∙10–1 3857.16 6 6 6.59∙10–2 4327.85 6 4 7.24∙10–2
9266.01 7 9 4.45∙10–1 3863.50 6 8 6.49∙10–2 4328.59 4 2 1.12
9482.89 5 3 2.34∙10–1 3864.13 2 2 9.12∙10–2 4331.47 4 6 4.82∙10–2
9622.11 5 3 5.22∙10–4 3864.43 6 6 2.15∙10–1 4331.86 4 4 6.50∙10–1
9622.16 3 3 1.57∙10–3 3864.67 6 4 1.80∙10–1 4336.86 4 4 1.57∙10–1
9625.26 7 5 3.25∙10–4 3874.09 2 4 3.26∙10–2 4345.56 4 2 8.31∙10–1
9625.30 7 7 1.85∙10–3 3875.80 8 6 3.38∙10–2 4347.22 6 4 1.19∙10–1
9694.66 5 7 4.54∙10–4 3882.19 8 8 5.50∙10–1 4347.41 4 4 9.32∙10–1
9694.91 5 5 4.54∙10–4 3882.45 4 4 8.94∙10–2 4349.43 6 6 6.91∙10–1
9695.06 5 3 4.54∙10–4 3883.14 8 6 1.13∙10–1 4351.26 6 6 9.89∙10–1
3893.52 4 6 1.89∙10–2 4351.46 4 6 5.82∙10–2
O II 3907.45 6 6 8.64∙10–2 4359.40 4 6 1.44∙10–2
429.918 4 2 4.25∙101 3911.96 6 4 1.09 4366.89 6 4 3.98∙10–1
430.041 4 4 4.13∙101 3912.12 4 4 1.41∙10–1 4369.27 4 4 3.57∙10–1
430.176 4 6 4.36∙101 3919.27 4 2 1.22 4395.93 6 6 3.91∙10–1
483.760 4 2 2.05∙101 3945.04 2 4 2.05∙10–1 4405.98 6 4 4.30∙10–2
483.980 6 4 1.80∙101 3954.36 2 2 8.57∙10–1 4414.90 4 6 8.34∙10–1
484.027 4 4 3.22 3973.26 4 4 1.04 4416.97 2 4 7.13∙10–1
485.087 6 8 2.60∙101 3982.71 4 2 4.27∙10–1 4443.01 6 6 5.05∙10–1
485.470 6 6 1.20 4069.62 2 4 1.52 4443.52 6 8 1.89∙10–2
485.518 4 6 1.93∙101 4069.88 4 6 1.53 4447.68 8 6 2.52∙10–2
2290.85 2 4 7.41∙10–2 4072.15 6 8 1.98 4448.19 8 8 5.10∙10–1
2293.30 2 2 3.25∙10–1 4075.86 8 10 2.11 4452.38 4 4 1.37∙10–1
2300.33 4 4 4.17∙10–1 4078.84 4 4 5.52∙10–1 4466.24 2 4 9.00∙10–1
2302.81 4 2 1.67∙10–1 4084.65 6 8 7.28∙10–2 4467.46 2 2 9.00∙10–1
2365.14 4 2 1.52∙10–1 4085.11 6 6 4.55∙10–1 4563.18 4 4 7.18∙10–3
2375.72 6 4 1.35∙10–1 4092.93 8 8 2.65∙10–1 4590.97 6 8 8.85∙10–1
2406.38 6 4 1.85∙10–1 4094.14 6 4 4.70∙10–2 4595.96 6 6 4.87∙10–2
2407.48 4 4 2.25∙10–1 4096.53 4 6 1.73∙10–1 4596.18 4 6 8.34∙10–1
2411.60 4 2 2.05∙10–1 4097.22 2 4 3.62∙10–1 4638.86 2 4 3.71∙10–1
2411.64 2 2 1.10∙10–1 4103.00 2 2 5.09∙10–1 4641.81 4 6 5.96∙10–1
2415.13 4 2 2.20∙10–1 4104.72 4 6 3.14∙10–1 4649.13 6 8 7.81∙10–1
2418.46 6 6 2.30∙10–1 4104.99 4 4 9.14∙10–1 4650.84 2 2 6.86∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
4661.63 4 4 4.10∙10–1 525.794 5 3 9.60∙101 3347.98 7 5 4.86∙10–1
4673.73 4 2 1.35∙10–1 599.590 5 5 5.41∙101 3350.62 5 3 1.12
4676.23 6 6 2.05∙10–1 835.289 5 7 5.99 3350.92 7 7 9.91∙10–1
4690.89 2 4 1.86∙10–1 1760.41 3 5 8.38∙10–1 3355.86 7 7 6.89∙10–1
4691.42 2 2 7.43∙10–1 1764.46 5 5 2.50 3362.31 7 5 6.87∙10–1
4696.35 6 4 3.25∙10–2 1766.63 1 3 1.11 3376.61 3 1 1.49
4698.44 6 6 6.59∙10–2 1772.28 3 1 3.29 3376.76 3 3 1.12
4699.01 6 8 9.88∙10–1 1772.97 5 3 1.37 3377.26 3 5 5.20∙10–1
4699.22 4 6 9.36∙10–1 2390.43 3 3 1.62 3382.61 5 7 9.86∙10–1
4701.18 4 4 9.23∙10–1 2454.97 3 1 3.43 3383.31 5 3 3.70∙10–1
4701.71 4 2 3.69∙10–1 2665.68 3 5 6.75∙10–1 3383.81 5 5 8.62∙10–1
4703.16 4 6 9.20∙10–1 2674.58 5 5 1.11 3384.90 7 9 1.48
4705.35 6 8 1.10 2683.66 3 1 1.85 3394.22 7 7 4.88∙10–1
4710.01 4 6 2.98∙10–1 2686.15 7 5 1.54 3395.43 7 5 9.75∙10–2
4741.70 6 6 4.71∙10–2 2687.55 3 3 1.84 3406.88 1 3 1.93∙10–1
4751.28 6 8 6.39∙10–2 2695.48 3 5 1.82 3408.13 3 1 5.79∙10–1
4752.69 6 6 1.45∙10–2 2959.69 3 5 1.83 3415.26 3 3 1.44∙10–1
4844.92 4 6 1.02∙10–2 2983.78 3 5 2.15 3428.63 3 5 1.42∙10–1
4856.39 4 6 5.58∙10–2 2996.48 3 3 4.64∙10–1 3430.57 5 3 2.37∙10–1
4856.76 4 4 1.00∙10–1 3004.34 5 5 4.27∙10–1 3444.05 5 5 4.21∙10–1
4860.97 2 4 4.70∙10–1 3017.62 7 7 5.38∙10–1 3446.68 3 5 9.71∙10–1
4864.88 4 2 8.07∙10–2 3023.43 3 5 4.79∙10–1 3447.15 1 3 8.09∙10–1
4871.52 4 6 5.60∙10–1 3024.54 1 3 6.16∙10–1 3447.97 5 7 1.19
4872.02 4 4 9.34∙10–2 3035.41 3 3 4.59∙10–1 3450.91 7 9 1.44
4890.86 4 2 4.80∙10–1 3042.07 3 1 1.94 3451.30 3 3 8.06∙10–1
4906.83 4 4 4.54∙10–1 3047.10 5 5 1.49 3454.84 5 5 6.89∙10–1
4924.53 4 6 5.43∙10–1 3059.28 5 3 8.72∙10–1 3454.99 9 11 1.72
4941.07 2 4 5.87∙10–1 3064.98 1 3 2.17∙10–1 3459.94 7 7 5.14∙10–1
4943.01 4 6 7.78∙10–1 3068.13 3 1 6.49∙10–1 3466.13 9 9 2.84∙10–1
4955.71 4 4 1.82∙10–1 3068.67 3 5 2.27∙10–1 3520.94 1 3 1.50∙10–1
5159.94 2 2 3.29∙10–1 3074.14 5 7 1.84∙10–1 3531.22 3 1 4.45∙10–1
5175.90 4 2 1.49∙10–1 3074.72 5 3 3.76∙10–1 3534.90 3 5 1.11∙10–1
5190.50 2 4 1.26∙10–1 3075.13 5 5 1.61∙10–1 3555.24 5 3 1.82∙10–1
5206.65 4 4 3.58∙10–1 3075.95 7 9 1.07∙10–1 3556.78 5 5 3.26∙10–1
5583.22 2 4 2.17∙10–2 3083.65 7 7 3.20∙10–1 3695.38 3 5 4.01∙10–1
5611.07 2 2 2.14∙10–2 3084.64 7 5 2.55∙10–1 3698.72 5 7 7.62∙10–1
6627.37 4 4 1.73∙10–1 3088.04 9 9 5.30∙10–1 3703.36 7 9 1.14
6641.03 2 2 9.88∙10–2 3095.79 9 7 1.35∙10–1 3704.75 3 3 8.53∙10–1
6666.66 4 2 6.78∙10–2 3115.67 3 1 1.39 3707.27 3 5 7.34∙10–1
6677.87 2 4 3.37∙10–2 3121.63 3 3 1.38 3709.54 3 1 1.13
6717.75 2 2 1.33∙10–1 3132.79 3 5 1.37 3712.49 5 5 6.59∙10–1
6721.39 4 2 1.81∙10–1 3201.14 3 3 4.77∙10–1 3714.03 3 3 4.06∙10–1
6810.48 6 8 1.64∙10–3 3207.61 5 5 4.40∙10–1 3715.09 5 7 9.73∙10–1
6844.10 4 6 2.97∙10–3 3216.07 7 7 5.58∙10–1 3720.89 7 7 3.74∙10–1
6846.80 8 8 3.17∙10–2 3260.86 5 7 1.68 3721.95 5 3 2.80∙10–1
6869.48 6 6 5.35∙10–2 3265.33 7 9 1.88 3725.31 5 5 2.41∙10–1
6884.88 4 4 6.12∙10–2 3267.20 3 5 1.58 3728.51 5 7 1.29
6895.10 10 8 2.72∙10–1 3281.83 5 5 2.89∙10–1 3728.84 7 9 1.45
6906.44 8 6 2.48∙10–1 3284.45 7 7 2.06∙10–1 3729.80 3 5 1.22
6907.87 4 2 3.03∙10–1 3299.39 1 3 1.64∙10–1 3734.83 7 5 7.40∙10–2
6910.56 6 4 2.43∙10–1 3312.33 3 3 4.60∙10–1 3742.63 5 5 2.24∙10–1
3326.06 3 3 2.65∙10–1 3746.90 7 7 1.59∙10–1
O III 3330.30 3 5 6.81∙10–1 3754.70 3 5 7.53∙10–1
305.656 3 5 1.62∙102 3330.32 3 5 4.76∙10–1 3757.23 1 3 5.56∙10–1
305.767 5 7 2.16∙102 3332.41 5 3 7.92∙10–1 3759.88 5 7 9.79∙10–1
320.978 5 7 2.17∙102 3332.93 5 7 5.04∙10–1 3774.03 3 3 3.91∙10–1
328.448 5 5 1.04∙102 3336.67 3 3 3.76∙10–1 3791.28 5 5 2.24∙10–1
345.312 1 3 1.35∙102 3340.76 5 3 6.57∙10–1 3961.57 5 7 1.25
507.680 3 3 4.82∙101 3344.20 5 5 1.25∙10–1 4072.64 1 3 3.37∙10–1
508.178 5 3 8.04∙101 3344.51 5 7 3.48∙10–1 4073.98 3 5 4.54∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
4081.02 5 7 6.02∙10–1 3736.68 4 4 2.23∙10–1 3746.64 7 7 1.18∙10–1

4089.30 3 3 2.49∙10–1 3736.85 8 10 7.95∙10–1 3761.58 7 5 1.61∙10–2
4103.07 5 5 1.48∙10–1 3744.89 6 6 1.92∙10–1 4119.37 3 5 3.66∙10–1
4440.09 5 3 4.42∙10–1 3758.39 8 8 1.11∙10–1 4120.49 3 1 3.33∙10–1
4447.69 5 5 4.40∙10–1 3974.58 4 6 6.62∙10–2 4123.96 5 7 4.81∙10–1
4461.61 5 7 4.36∙10–1 3977.09 6 4 9.91∙10–2 4125.49 1 3 2.70∙10–1
4524.22 3 1 3.38∙10–1 3995.08 6 6 1.52∙10–1 4134.11 3 3 3.34∙10–1
4532.78 5 3 1.40∙10–1 4687.03 2 4 2.79∙10–1 4153.27 3 3 1.92∙10–1
4535.29 3 3 8.40∙10–2 4772.60 2 4 1.23∙10–1 4158.86 3 5 3.39∙10–1
4555.39 5 5 2.49∙10–1 4779.10 2 2 2.45∙10–1 4178.46 5 5 1.12∙10–1
4557.91 3 5 8.27∙10–2 4783.42 4 6 2.06∙10–1 4213.35 5 3 1.19∙10–2
5268.30 1 3 3.50∙10–1 4794.18 4 4 1.56∙10–1 4522.66 5 3 1.02∙10–2
5508.24 5 5 1.06∙10–1 4798.27 6 8 2.91∙10–1 4554.53 3 5 2.41∙10–1
5592.25 3 3 3.27∙10–1 4813.15 6 6 8.65∙10–2 5114.06 1 3 1.80∙10–1
5305.51 4 4 6.10∙10–2 5339.94 1 3 1.85∙10–2
O IV 5362.51 6 6 6.12∙10–2 5349.74 3 1 7.04∙10–2
238.570 4 6 3.54∙102 6931.60 2 2 7.35∙10–2 5372.71 3 3 1.42∙10–2
554.513 4 4 6.06∙101 7004.11 4 4 8.90∙10–2 5414.59 3 5 9.29∙10–3
625.853 6 4 3.19∙101 7061.30 4 2 3.48∙10–2 5428.38 5 3 2.68∙10–2
779.820 4 4 1.31∙101 5471.12 5 5 4.86∙10–2
779.912 6 6 1.36∙101 OV 5571.81 1 3 8.33∙10–2
923.367 4 4 1.10∙101 172.169 1 3 2.94∙102 5580.12 3 5 1.11∙10–1
1343.51 4 6 2.57 *192.85 9 15 6.90∙102 5583.23 3 3 6.20∙10–2
2132.64 4 4 1.29 *215.17 9 3 1.83∙102 *5589.9 9 15 1.49∙10–1
2493.39 2 4 1.18 220.353 3 5 4.292∙102 5597.89 5 7 1.48∙10–1
2493.75 4 6 8.48∙10–1 248.460 3 1 5.59∙101 5604.27 5 5 3.68∙10–2
2507.73 4 2 2.32 629.732 1 3 2.872∙101 5607.41 5 3 4.08∙10–3
2509.22 6 6 1.94 758.677 3 5 5.547 6330.05 5 7 1.21∙10–1
2510.58 4 2 1.19 759.442 1 3 7.373 6460.12 3 5 9.37∙10–2
2517.37 6 4 1.24 760.227 3 3 5.514 6466.14 5 7 1.01∙10–1
2805.87 2 4 2.90∙10–1 760.446 5 5 1.652∙101 6500.24 7 9 1.11∙10–1
2816.53 4 4 5.74∙10–1 761.128 3 1 2.197∙101 6543.77 5 5 1.64∙10–2
2836.27 6 4 8.43∙10–1 762.004 5 3 9.125 6601.28 7 7 1.14∙10–2
2916.31 2 4 1.06 774.518 3 1 3.804∙101 6764.72 1 3 4.37∙10–2
2921.46 4 6 1.27 1371.30 3 5 3.336 6789.62 3 5 5.79∙10–2
3063.43 2 4 1.30 2729.31 3 5 4.52∙10–1 6817.40 3 3 3.00∙10–2
3071.60 2 2 1.29 2731.45 1 3 5.90∙10–1 6828.95 5 7 7.35∙10–2
3194.78 6 6 1.71∙10–1 2743.61 3 3 4.38∙10–1 6878.76 5 5 1.65∙10–2
3209.65 8 8 2.53∙10–1 2752.23 3 1 1.82
3348.06 2 4 8.51∙10–1 2755.13 5 5 1.37 O VI
3349.11 4 6 1.02 2769.69 5 3 7.88∙10–1 *150.10 2 6 2.62∙102
3354.27 4 2 7.71∙10–1 2781.01 3 5 1.40 *173.03 6 10 8.78∙102
3362.55 4 4 7.65∙10–1 *2784.0 3 9 1.40 1031.91 2 4 4.16
3375.40 4 6 7.56∙10–1 2786.99 3 3 1.39 1037.61 2 2 4.09
3378.02 4 4 1.66∙10–1 2789.85 3 1 1.38 3811.35 2 4 5.14∙10–1
3381.21 4 6 7.19∙10–1 3058.68 3 5 1.39 3834.24 2 2 5.05∙10–1
3381.30 2 4 4.28∙10–1 3144.66 3 5 8.86∙10–1
3385.52 6 8 1.02 3219.24 3 1 1.54∙10–1 O VII
3390.19 2 2 8.49∙10–1 3222.29 1 3 1.16∙10–1 18.6270 1 3 9.365∙103
3396.80 4 4 5.40∙10–1 3227.54 3 3 3.38∙10–2 21.6020 1 3 3.309∙104
3409.70 6 6 3.00∙10–1 3239.21 3 3 3.28∙10–1 *120.33 3 9 5.334∙102
3411.30 4 4 1.69∙10–1 3248.28 5 3 1.18∙10–1 128.411 1 3 8.982∙102
3411.69 4 6 1.02 3263.54 5 5 1.86∙10–2 *128.46 9 15 1.615∙103
3489.89 4 6 7.29∙10–1 3275.64 5 3 4.76∙10–1 135.820 3 5 1.523∙103
3492.21 2 4 6.06∙10–1 3297.62 7 5 1.30∙10–1 *1630.3 3 9 7.935∙10–1
3560.39 4 6 1.03 3690.17 3 5 1.97∙10–2 2448.98 1 3 2.514∙10–1
3563.33 6 8 1.10 3698.36 3 3 1.03∙10–1 *5933.1 3 9 1.002∙10–1
3725.89 2 4 5.61∙10–1 3702.72 5 7 1.41∙10–2 8241.76 1 3 3.864∙10–2
3725.94 4 6 6.01∙10–1 3717.31 5 5 9.63∙10–2
3729.03 6 8 6.86∙10–1 3725.63 5 3 2.91∙10–2


λ λ λ
Atomic
5801.8 4 2 2.46∙10–2 5292.6 13 13 9.3∙10–2
Phosphorus 5812.2 2 4 2.8∙10–3 5810.6 17 19 2.3∙10–2
5831.9 4 6 3.2∙10–3 5879.3 15 15 7.6∙10–2
PI
6911.1 2 2 2.72∙10–2 6200.8 15 17 1.8∙10–2
1671.7 4 2 3.9∙10–1
6938.8 4 2 5.4∙10–2 6278.7 13 15 2.6∙10–2
1674.6 4 4 4.0∙10–1
7664.9 2 4 3.87∙10–1 6398.0 11 13 1.9∙10–2
1679.7 4 6 3.9∙10–1
7699.0 2 2 3.82∙10–1
1775.0 4 6 2.17
Rhodium
1782.9 4 4 2.14
K II
1787.7 4 2 2.13 Rh I
607.93 1 3 1.3∙10–2
2135.5 4 4 2.11∙10–1 3121.76 6 6 1.1∙10–1
2136.2 6 4 2.83 3189.05 6 6 3.03∙10–1
K III
2149.1 4 2 3.18 3263.14 6 6 1.3∙10–1
2550.0 6 4 2.0
2152.9 2 4 4.85∙10–1 3271.61 6 4 2.0∙10–1
2635.1 4 4 1.2
2154.1 4 4 1.73∙10–1 3280.55 8 8 2.36∙10–1
2992.4 6 8 2.5
2154.1 4 6 5.8∙10–1 3283.57 6 8 4.4∙10–1
3052.1 4 6 1.7
2534.0 2 4 2.00∙10–1 3323.09 8 10 6.3∙10–1
3202.0 4 4 1.8
2535.6 4 4 9.5∙10–1 3396.82 10 10 6.5∙10–1
3289.1 4 6 2.0
2553.3 2 2 7.1∙10–1 3399.70 6 8 1.2∙10–1
3322.4 6 6 1.3
2554.9 4 2 3.00∙10–1 3462.04 6 6 6.2∙10–1
3421.8 2 4 1.5
3470.66 4 4 8.5∙10–1
P II 3478.91 6 6 3.32∙10–1
K XVI
1301.9 1 3 5.0∙10–1 3498.73 4 6 2.12∙10–1
206.27 1 3 9.4∙101
1304.5 3 1 1.5 3502.52 10 10 4.3∙10–1
1304.7 3 3 3.7∙10–1 3507.32 6 8 3.4∙10–1
K XVII
1305.5 3 5 3.8∙10–1 3528.02 8 8 8.5∙10–1
22.020 2 4 4.7∙104
1309.9 5 3 6.2∙10–1 3543.95 4 4 4.65∙10–1
22.163 4 6 5.6∙104
1310.7 5 5 1.1 3549.54 6 6 2.22∙10–1
22.18 4 4 9.3∙103
4475.3 5 7 1.3 3570.18 4 6 1.82∙10–1
22.60 2 2 2.5∙103
4499.2 5 7 1.4 3583.10 8 10 2.6∙10–1
22.76 4 2 4.7∙103
4530.8 3 5 1.0 3596.19 6 4 5.5∙10–1
4554.8 3 5 9.6∙10–1 3597.15 6 8 5.9∙10–1
Praseodymium
4588.0 5 7 1.7 3612.47 4 2 8.90∙10–1
4589.9 3 5 1.6 Pr II 3654.87 8 8 6.0∙10–2
4602.1 7 9 1.9 3997.0 15 15 1.87∙10–1 3657.99 8 6 8.8∙10–1
4943.5 7 5 6.3∙10–1 4062.8 13 15 1.00 3666.22 6 8 8.4∙10–2
5253.5 3 5 1.0 4100.7 17 19 8.4∙10–1 3690.70 6 4 3.23∙10–1
5425.9 5 5 6.9∙10–1 4143.1 15 17 5.8∙10–1 3692.36 10 8 9.1∙10–1
6024.2 3 5 5.1∙10–1 4179.4 13 15 5.2∙10–1 3700.91 8 10 3.9∙10–1
6043.1 5 7 6.8∙10–1 4222.9 11 13 3.91∙10–1 3788.47 4 6 1.4∙10–1
4241.0 17 15 2.30∙10–1 3793.22 8 6 4.2∙10–1
P III 4359.8 15 15 1.1∙10–1 3799.31 8 8 5.5∙10–1
1334.8 2 4 5.5∙10–1 4405.8 17 17 9.0∙10–2 3806.76 6 6 6.2∙10–2
1344.3 4 6 6.4∙10–1 4429.3 15 15 2.28∙10–1 3818.19 6 4 5.8∙10–1
1344.8 4 4 1.1∙10–1 4449.8 13 13 1.24∙10–1 3822.26 6 6 8.5∙10–1
4057.4 4 4 1.0∙10–1 4468.7 11 13 1.54∙10–1 3828.48 6 6 6.2∙10–1
4059.3 6 4 9.0∙10–1 4510.2 13 15 1.16∙10–1 3833.89 6 4 5.8∙10–1
4080.1 4 2 9.9∙10–1 4534.2 15 17 4.9∙10–2 3856.52 8 10 5.9∙10–1
4734.2 15 13 2.5∙10–2 3934.23 8 8 1.58∙10–1
Potassium 4879.1 15 15 1.8∙10–2 3942.72 4 2 7.15∙10–1
4886.0 15 15 1.3∙10–2 3958.86 6 8 5.5∙10–1
KI
4912.6 17 15 5.7∙10–2 3984.40 4 4 1.1∙10–1
4044.1 2 4 1.24∙10–2
5034.4 19 19 1.1∙10–1 4082.78 6 4 1.4∙10–1
4047.2 2 2 1.24∙10–2
5110.8 21 19 2.78∙10–1 4121.68 6 6 9.8∙10–2
5084.2 2 2 3.50∙10–3
5135.1 17 17 1.25∙10–1 4128.87 6 8 1.73∙10–1
5099.2 4 2 7.0∙10–3
5173.9 19 17 3.18∙10–1 4135.27 8 8 1.0∙10–1
5323.3 2 2 6.3∙10–3
5219.1 15 15 9.5∙10–2 4196.50 6 8 3.9∙10–2
5339.7 4 2 1.26∙10–2
5220.1 17 15 2.35∙10–1 4211.14 8 10 1.62∙10–1
5343.0 2 4 4.0∙10–3
5251.7 15 13 1.1∙10–2 4288.71 6 8 6.1∙10–2
5359.6 4 6 4.6∙10–3
5259.7 15 13 2.24∙10–1 4374.80 8 10 1.64∙10–1
5782.4 2 2 1.23∙10–2


λ λ λ
Atomic
5983.60 10 10 2.1∙10–2 5070.17 6 8 1.16∙10–1 3139.72 7 7 2.1

5081.56 10 10 7.6∙10–1 3190.98 3 3 1.1
Rubidium 5083.72 8 8 6.2∙10–1 3199.33 5 3 1.9
5085.55 6 6 5.7∙10–1 3312.72 5 7 1.2
Rb I
5086.94 4 4 6.6∙10–1 3320.40 5 3 1.2
3022.5 2 4 4.13∙10–5
5099.27 4 6 1.50∙10–1 3343.23 9 7 1.1
3032.0 2 4 4.93∙10–5
5339.43 6 6 1.06∙10–1 3353.72 5 7 1.51
3044.2 2 4 8.2∙10–5
5341.07 4 2 3.8∙10–1 3359.67 5 5 2.16∙10–1
3060.2 2 4 1.05∙10–4
5349.34 6 4 5.9∙10–1 3361.26 3 3 3.4∙10–1
3082.0 2 4 1.49∙10–4
5355.79 6 4 3.0∙10–1 3361.93 3 1 1.17
3112.6 2 4 2.5∙10–4
5356.10 8 6 5.7∙10–1 3368.94 5 3 8.3∙10–1
3113.1 2 2 1.3∙10–4
5375.37 8 6 3.4∙10–1 3372.15 7 5 9.9∙10–1
3157.5 2 4 3.38∙10–4
5392.06 10 8 4.2∙10–1 3379.16 3 3 2.5
3158.3 2 2 2.0∙10–4
5446.20 8 8 2.8∙10–1 3535.71 5 3 6.1∙10–1
3228.0 2 4 6.4∙10–4
5451.37 6 6 1.50∙10–1 3558.53 5 7 3.0∙10–1
3229.2 2 2 3.8∙10–4
5472.19 8 6 9.7∙10–2 3567.70 3 5 3.5∙10–1
3348.7 2 4 1.37∙10–3
5482.01 8 8 5.2∙10–1 3572.53 7 7 1.38
3350.8 2 2 8.9∙10–4
5484.63 6 6 5.2∙10–1 3576.34 5 5 1.06
3587.1 2 4 3.97∙10–3
5514.23 6 8 4.1∙10–1 3580.93 3 3 1.23
3591.6 2 2 2.9∙10–3
5520.52 8 10 4.3∙10–1 3589.63 5 3 4.6∙10–1
4201.8 2 4 1.8∙10–2
5671.83 10 12 5.4∙10–1 3590.47 7 5 2.9∙10–1
4215.5 2 2 1.5∙10–2
5686.86 8 10 4.9∙10–1 3613.83 7 9 1.48
7800.3 2 4 3.70∙10–1
5700.19 6 8 4.6∙10–1 3630.74 5 7 1.20
7947.6 2 2 3.40∙10–1
5711.79 4 6 4.5∙10–1 3642.78 3 5 1.13
5717.31 8 8 7.5∙10–2 3645.31 7 7 2.74∙10–1
Scandium
6262.22 4 6 8.4∙10–2 3651.80 5 5 3.0∙10–1
Sc I 7741.16 10 10 3.8∙10–2 3859.59 7 5 1.1
3015.37 4 6 7.8∙10–1 7800.42 8 8 5.1∙10–2 4246.82 5 5 1.29
3019.35 6 8 8.7∙10–1 4314.08 9 7 4.1∙10–1
3269.90 4 2 3.13 Sc II 4320.75 7 5 4.0∙10–1
3273.63 6 4 2.81 1880.6 5 3 5.0 4325.00 5 3 4.3∙10–1
3907.48 4 6 1.66 2064.3 7 5 2.2 4374.46 9 9 1.48∙10–1
3911.81 6 8 1.79 2068.0 5 3 2.0 4400.39 7 7 1.43∙10–1
4020.39 4 4 1.63 2273.1 1 3 7.7 4415.54 5 5 1.47∙10–1
4023.68 6 6 1.65 2545.20 5 5 4.0∙10–1 4670.41 5 7 1.16∙10–1
4031.38 6 6 2.9∙10–1 2552.35 7 5 2.21 5031.01 5 3 3.5∙10–1
4043.80 8 8 3.11∙10–1 2555.79 3 3 6.9∙10–1 5239.81 1 3 1.39∙10–1
4067.00 6 8 1.91∙10–1 2560.23 5 3 2.01 5526.79 9 7 3.3∙10–1
4074.96 4 6 3.7∙10–1 2563.19 3 1 2.70 5657.91 5 5 1.04∙10–1
4078.56 2 4 4.3∙10–1 2611.19 5 5 2.2 5669.06 3 1 1.31∙10–1
4086.66 6 8 3.7∙10–1 2667.70 3 5 1.5
4132.98 4 6 1.19 2746.36 3 1 3.9 Silicon
4140.27 6 8 1.17 2782.31 5 5 1.3
Si I
4161.85 8 8 1.77∙10–1 2789.15 7 7 1.3
2207.98 1 3 2.62∙10–1
4233.59 6 6 4.0∙10–1 2801.31 9 9 1.3
2210.89 3 5 3.46∙10–1
4238.05 8 8 7.1∙10–1 2819.49 3 5 2.3
2211.74 3 3 1.81∙10–1
4706.94 4 6 2.81∙10–1 2822.12 5 7 2.5
2216.67 5 7 4.54∙10–1
4709.31 6 8 4.0∙10–1 2826.64 7 9 2.8
2218.06 5 5 1.09∙10–1
4728.77 8 8 1.16∙10–1 2870.85 5 3 1.1
2218.91 5 3 1.05∙10–2
4729.24 6 6 1.93∙10–1 2912.98 5 3 1.1
2438.77 1 3 7.91∙10–3
4734.11 4 2 1.10 2979.68 3 5 1.2
2443.36 3 3 1.32∙10–2
4737.65 6 4 8.8∙10–1 2988.92 5 7 2.9
2452.12 5 3 1.73∙10–3
4741.02 8 6 9.1∙10–1 3039.92 7 9 3.5
2506.90 3 5 5.47∙10–1
4743.82 10 8 9.8∙10–1 3045.73 5 7 3.68
2514.32 1 3 7.39∙10–1
4973.67 4 2 8.4∙10–1 3052.92 7 9 3.92
2516.113 5 5 1.68
4980.36 6 4 5.6∙10–1 3060.54 7 7 3.0∙10–1
2519.202 3 3 5.49∙10–1
4983.43 4 4 2.58∙10–1 3065.12 9 11 4.00
2524.108 3 1 2.22
4991.91 6 6 3.8∙10–1 3075.36 9 9 2.5∙10–1
2528.509 5 3 9.04∙10–1
5018.41 6 4 2.09∙10–1 3128.27 3 3 1.9
2881.579 5 3 2.17
5021.52 4 4 2.30∙10–1 3133.07 5 5 1.8


λ λ λ
Atomic
2970.355 5 5 6.00∙10–4 1228.44 4 2 5.53 5957.56 2 2 5.60∙10–1
2987.645 5 3 1.34∙10–2 1228.62 4 4 1.77∙101 5978.93 4 2 1.13
3006.739 3 5 1.1∙10–5 1228.75 4 6 2.32∙101 6347.10 2 4 5.84∙10–1
3020.004 5 5 3.3∙10–5 1229.39 6 8 2.25∙101 6371.36 2 2 6.80∙10–1
3905.523 1 3 1.33∙10–1 1246.74 2 4 4.03 6660.52 4 6 3.64∙10–1
4102.936 1 3 6.09∙10–4 1248.43 4 4 8.30 6665.00 2 4 2.16∙10–1
4782.991 5 3 1.7∙10–2 1251.16 6 4 1.30∙101 6671.88 6 8 4.80∙10–1
4792.212 3 1 2.2∙10–2 1260.42 2 4 2.57∙101 6699.38 2 2 4.20∙10–1
4792.324 5 5 1.7∙10–2 1264.73 4 6 3.04∙101 6750.28 6 6 1.49∙10–1
4947.607 3 1 4.2∙10–2 1265.02 4 4 4.73 6818.45 2 4 1.08∙10–1
5006.061 3 5 2.8∙10–2 1304.37 2 2 3.64 6829.82 4 4 2.16∙10–2
5622.221 3 3 1.6∙10–2 1309.27 4 2 6.23 7848.80 4 6 3.73∙10–1
5645.611 3 5 9.7∙10–3 1348.54 2 4 3.36 7849.72 6 8 3.99∙10–1
5665.554 1 3 6.31∙10–3 1350.06 6 6 5.34 9412.72 8 8 4.65∙10–2
5684.484 5 3 2.6∙10–2 1350.52 4 4 1.61
5690.425 3 3 9.26∙10–3 1350.66 2 2 2.02 Si III
5701.105 3 1 1.83∙10–2 1352.64 4 2 6.12 566.61 1 3 1.21
5708.397 5 5 1.4∙10–2 1353.72 6 4 3.22 652.22 3 3 2.67
5754.220 5 3 1.23∙10–2 1410.22 6 4 3.47 653.33 5 3 4.40
5772.145 3 1 3.6∙10–2 1509.10 6 4 2.85 673.48 5 5 8.44∙10–2
5780.384 1 3 9.8∙10–3 1512.07 4 2 3.15 673.48 5 3 9.33∙10–3
5793.071 3 5 1.3∙10–2 1526.72 2 2 3.81 800.07 3 1 4.13
5797.859 5 7 2.53∙10–3 1533.45 4 2 7.52 823.41 3 5 5.85
5948.545 3 5 2.2∙10–2 1808.00 2 4 2.54∙10–2 883.40 5 7 5.79∙102
6331.954 3 3 1.0∙10–4 1816.92 4 6 2.65∙10–2 939.09 5 3 1.11·101
6555.462 7 9 6.9∙10–3 1817.45 4 4 3.23∙10–3 967.95 5 7 4.68
6721.853 3 5 3.4∙10–2 2072.02 4 6 9.6∙10–1 993.52 1 3 2.68
6976.523 3 5 3.26∙10–2 2072.70 6 8 1.0 994.79 3 3 8.05
7003.567 5 7 3.42∙10–2 2334.40 2 2 5.51∙10–5 997.39 5 3 1.35∙101
7005.883 7 9 3.83∙10–2 2334.61 4 6 2.44∙10–5 1005.37 5 5 7.06∙10–1
7680.267 3 5 4.62∙10–2 2344.20 4 4 1.31∙10–5 1031.16 3 5 2.72
7918.386 3 5 5.22∙10–2 2350.17 4 2 4.70∙10–5 1033.92 5 5 8.11
7932.349 5 7 5.13∙10–2 2682.21 4 4 3.49∙10–2 1037.05 5 3 4.46
7944.001 7 9 5.75∙10–2 2887.51 6 4 6.39∙10–2 1083.22 5 3 3.65
7970.306 5 5 7.11∙10–3 2904.28 4 6 3.58∙10–1 1108.37 1 3 1.54∙101
8035.619 7 7 8.11∙10–3 2905.69 6 8 3.83∙10–1 1109.97 3 5 2.07∙101
8093.241 3 3 1.5∙10–2 3203.87 2 4 4.45∙10–1 1113.23 5 7 2.74∙101
9413.506 3 1 2.26∙10–1 3210.03 4 6 5.29∙10–1 1140.55 1 3 1.96∙101
3333.14 2 2 1.00∙10–1 1141.58 3 5 2.67∙101
Si II 3339.82 4 2 2.00∙10–1 1142.28 3 3 1.75∙101
843.72 2 4 7.05∙10–1 3853.66 4 4 5.11∙10–2 1144.31 5 7 3.86∙101
845.77 4 4 1.42∙10–1 3856.02 6 4 4.40∙10–1 1144.96 5 5 1.19∙101
889.72 2 4 1.43 3862.60 4 2 3.91∙10–1 1145.18 5 5 1.38
892.00 4 4 2.88∙10–1 4075.45 6 4 4.00∙10–2 1155.00 1 3 9.34
899.41 2 2 4.63∙10–1 4076.78 4 2 4.00∙10–2 1155.96 3 1 2.22∙101
901.74 4 2 9.23∙10–1 4128.07 4 6 1.49 1158.10 3 5 7.88
989.87 2 4 6.81 4130.89 6 8 1.74 1160.26 5 3 8.65
992.68 4 6 7.11 4621.42 4 6 1.28∙10–1 1161.58 5 5 1.42∙101
1020.70 2 2 8.91∙10–1 4621.72 6 8 1.37∙10–1 1174.37 3 3 1.00
1023.69 4 2 1.77 5041.03 2 4 7.00∙10–1 1174.43 3 5 1.00
1190.42 2 4 6.53 5055.98 4 6 1.45 1206.51 1 3 2.55∙101
1193.28 2 2 2.69∙101 5466.43 4 6 2.16∙10–1 1206.53 3 5 4.17∙101
1194.50 4 4 3.45∙101 5466.87 6 6 1.54∙10–2 1207.52 5 5 2.43∙101
1197.39 4 2 1.40∙101 5632.97 8 8 4.00∙10–2 1210.46 5 7 1.60∙101
1224.25 4 4 6.72 5660.66 6 6 7.00∙10–2 1235.43 1 3 2.77∙101
1224.97 4 6 4.39 5669.56 10 8 5.00∙10–1 1280.35 5 7 1.04∙101
1226.81 2 2 2.77∙101 5681.44 4 4 1.00∙10–1 1294.54 3 5 5.35
1226.89 6 4 6.55 5688.81 8 6 4.60∙10–1 1296.73 1 3 7.10
1226.99 2 4 1.39∙101 5701.37 6 4 4.50∙10–1 1298.89 3 3 5.29
1227.60 6 6 1.46∙101 5706.37 4 2 6.10∙10–1 1298.96 5 5 1.59∙101


λ λ λ
Atomic
1301.15 3 1 2.11∙101 3216.25 5 7 1.90∙10–1 6314.46 3 1 1.18

1303.32 5 3 8.71 3230.50 1 3 4.75∙10–1 6524.36 7 9 3.82∙10–1
1312.59 3 1 6.66 3233.95 3 3 1.42 6831.56 5 3 5.83∙10–1
1341.47 7 7 8.96 3241.62 5 3 2.35 7461.89 3 1 4.99∙10–1
1342.39 5 5 7.54 3253.40 5 5 1.82∙10–1 7462.62 5 3 3.75∙10–1
1343.39 3 3 8.16 3253.74 7 5 1.75∙10–1 7466.32 7 5 4.19∙10–1
1361.60 3 5 1.06∙101 3254.80 9 7 1.81∙10–1 7612.36 3 5 9.94∙10–1
1362.37 3 1 1.06∙101 3258.66 7 5 1.01 8190.43 5 7 8.09∙10–1
1363.47 5 3 8.53 3270.46 3 3 2.99∙10–1 8191.16 7 7 7.05∙10–2
1365.26 7 5 9.40 3276.26 5 3 8.91∙10–1 8191.68 9 11 8.78∙10–1
1367.05 3 3 1.05∙101 3279.26 3 1 1.18 8262.57 5 7 7.18∙10–1
1369.44 3 1 1.04∙101 3486.91 5 7 1.54 8265.64 5 5 1.80∙10–1
1373.03 5 5 8.00 3525.94 3 3 2.48∙10–1 8269.32 3 5 5.36∙10–1
1387.99 3 3 2.09∙10–1 3569.67 3 1 5.78∙10–1 8271.38 3 3 2.98∙10–1
1417.24 3 1 2.17∙101 3590.47 3 5 2.53 8271.94 1 3 3.96∙10–1
1433.69 5 7 8.67 3622.54 7 7 1.25∙10–1
1435.77 5 7 4.22 3639.45 7 9 2.24∙10–1 Si IV
1436.17 1 3 7.79 3645.12 5 5 9.58∙10–2 457.82 2 4 3.90
1457.25 5 3 1.07∙101 3681.40 5 3 2.51∙10–1 458.16 2 2 4.05
1500.24 7 9 2.10∙101 3682.15 3 3 1.50∙10–1 515.12 2 2 4.66
1501.19 5 7 1.86∙101 3791.41 1 3 1.76 516.35 4 2 9.32
1501.87 3 5 1.76∙101 3796.11 3 5 2.36 645.76 6 6 4.61∙10–1
1506.06 3 3 1.24∙101 3806.54 5 7 3.14 645.76 6 8 6.92
1673.32 5 7 6.70 3842.46 3 5 1.73∙10–1 645.76 4 6 6.46
1842.55 5 3 2.99 3924.47 7 9 3.47 749.94 6 6 9.33∙10–1
2176.89 9 7 1.80 3947.49 5 7 5.59∙10–2 749.94 6 8 1.40∙101
2295.48 5 7 6.69∙10–1 3963.84 7 5 3.63∙10–2 815.05 2 2 1.18∙101
2300.93 7 7 5.80∙10–2 3981.24 3 3 2.09∙10–3 818.13 4 2 2.37∙101
2308.19 9 11 7.16∙10–1 4102.42 5 3 2.46∙10–1 1066.63 6 6 2.54
2449.48 5 5 1.81∙10–1 4115.50 7 9 4.07∙10–1 1122.49 2 4 2.14∙101
2483.20 7 9 1.33∙10–1 4338.50 1 3 1.47∙10–1 1128.34 4 6 2.53∙101
2541.82 3 5 3.22∙10–1 4341.40 3 1 5.25∙10–3 1393.76 2 4 8.80
2546.09 5 5 6.1∙10–1 4377.63 7 5 4.14∙10–2 1402.77 2 2 8.63
2559.21 5 7 1.63 4405.90 5 5 4.84∙10–2 1722.53 6 4 4.92
2640.79 5 3 1.83 4406.72 7 9 3.10∙10–1 1727.38 4 2 5.47
2655.51 7 9 1.35 4494.05 3 3 4.19∙10–1 2120.18 2 2 3.06
2817.11 9 7 2.22∙10–1 4552.62 3 5 1.26 2127.47 4 2 6.14
2831.49 7 5 2.12∙10–1 4554.00 5 3 6.75∙10–1 2287.04 6 6 4.27∙10–1
2839.62 5 3 2.37∙10–1 4567.82 3 3 1.25 2287.04 6 8 6.41
2959.15 5 3 1.48∙10–1 4574.76 3 1 1.24 2287.04 4 6 5.98
2980.52 5 3 2.37∙10–3 4619.66 3 5 2.89∙10–1 2366.76 2 2 5.18∙10–1
3013.09 5 5 5.67∙10–2 4638.28 1 3 3.79∙10–1 2370.99 4 2 1.04
3034.73 5 7 4.50∙10–1 4665.87 3 3 2.79∙10–1 2482.82 2 4 6.62∙10–2
3037.29 7 7 3.93∙10–2 4683.02 5 5 8.30∙10–1 2485.38 2 2 7.06∙10–2
3040.93 9 11 4.87∙10–1 4683.80 3 1 1.10 2672.19 2 4 2.49∙10–2
3043.93 7 5 2.51∙10–1 4716.65 5 7 1.32 2675.12 6 4 2.74∙10–1
3045.08 5 3 2.24∙10–1 4730.52 5 3 4.47∙10–1 2675.25 8 6 2.61∙10–1
3068.24 5 3 5.15∙10–1 4800.43 1 3 2.76∙10–1 2677.57 4 4 4.51∙10–3
3086.24 7 5 1.46 4813.33 5 7 2.10 2723.81 6 8 1.10
3086.46 5 5 2.61∙10–1 4819.72 7 9 2.12 2723.81 6 6 7.34∙10–2
3093.42 5 3 1.30 4828.97 9 11 2.25 2971.52 6 6 4.62∙10–3
3093.65 3 3 4.33∙10–1 5113.76 5 7 3.82∙10–1 2971.52 6 4 9.70∙10–2
3096.83 3 1 1.73 5114.12 9 11 4.17∙10–1 2971.52 8 6 9.24∙10–2
3126.27 5 5 4.67∙10–1 5197.26 3 5 2.47∙10–1 3149.56 2 4 4.02
3147.37 5 3 2.53∙10–1 5451.46 3 5 4.60∙10–1 3165.71 4 6 4.77
3161.61 5 3 4.91∙10–1 5473.05 5 7 6.07∙10–1 3244.19 4 2 4.21∙10–1
3185.13 3 1 4.04 5704.60 7 5 1.86∙10–1 3762.44 4 4 2.33∙10–1
3186.02 5 7 1.13 5716.29 9 7 1.91∙10–1 3773.15 4 2 2.33
3196.50 7 9 1.14 5739.73 1 3 5.41∙10–1 4031.39 2 2 2.29∙10–1
3210.55 9 11 1.20 5898.79 7 9 4.86∙10–1 4038.06 4 2 4.59∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
4088.85 2 4 1.56 2853.01 2 2 5.31∙10–3 9961.28 6 8 1.27∙10–2
4116.10 2 2 1.53 3302.37 2 4 2.75∙10–2
4212.41 6 8 1.63 3302.98 2 2 2.73∙10–2 Na II
4212.41 6 6 1.09∙10–1 4238.99 2 4 2.90∙10–3 300.15 1 3 1.18∙101
4314.10 2 2 1.06 4242.08 4 4 5.8∙10–4 300.20 1 3 1.17∙101
4328.18 4 2 2.12 4242.08 4 6 3.46∙10–3 301.44 1 3 3.33∙101
4403.73 6 8 4.09∙10–1 4249.41 2 2 8.7∙10–4 302.45 1 3 1.4
4403.73 6 6 2.73∙10–2 4252.52 4 2 1.73∙10–3 372.08 1 3 3.13∙101
4403.73 4 6 3.82∙10–1 4273.64 2 4 3.91∙10–3 376.38 1 3 1.70
4411.65 2 4 1.74∙10–2 4276.79 4 4 7.8∙10–4 2315.65 3 1 1.05∙10–1
4611.27 4 6 2.23∙10–2 4276.79 4 6 4.69∙10–3 2493.15 3 1 4.15
4611.27 4 4 3.71∙10–3 4287.84 2 2 1.19∙10–3 2506.30 3 3 2.73∙10–1
4950.11 6 6 9.46∙10–3 4291.01 4 2 2.38∙10–3 2515.46 3 5 2.25∙10–1
4950.11 8 6 1.89∙10–1 4321.40 2 4 5.5∙10–3 2531.54 3 1 8.44∙10–1
4950.11 6 4 1.99∙10–1 4324.62 4 4 1.09∙10–3 2594.96 3 3 3.71∙10–1
5304.97 6 4 1.90∙10–1 4324.62 4 6 6.6∙10–3 2661.00 3 5 1.65
5304.97 4 4 2.11∙10–2 4341.49 2 2 3.26∙10–3 2671.83 3 3 2.64
5309.49 4 2 2.10∙10–1 4344.74 4 2 6.50∙10–3 2678.09 3 1 3.01
6667.56 2 4 1.15 4390.03 2 4 9.83∙10–3 2808.71 7 7 1.93∙10–2
6701.21 4 6 1.36 4393.34 4 4 1.95∙10–3 2829.87 5 5 3.36∙10–1
6998.36 6 6 3.65∙10–2 4393.34 4 6 1.17∙10–2 2839.56 5 7 1.11
6998.36 6 8 5.48∙10–1 4419.88 2 2 2.82∙10–3 2872.95 3 5 2.63∙10–1
6998.36 4 6 5.11∙10–1 4423.25 4 2 5.61∙10–3 2881.15 3 1 2.50
7047.94 6 4 9.05∙10–1 4494.18 2 4 1.23∙10–2 2886.26 3 5 1.07
7068.41 4 2 1.00 4497.66 4 4 2.44∙10–3 2893.95 3 1 1.48
7630.50 2 2 4.40∙10–1 4497.66 4 6 1.46∙10–2 2901.14 7 7 2.89∙10–1
7654.56 4 2 8.82∙10–1 4541.63 2 2 3.76∙10–3 2904.72 7 5 1.04∙10–1
8240.61 6 6 5.85∙10–3 4545.19 4 2 7.50∙10–3 2919.05 7 5 7.94∙10–2
8240.61 6 4 1.23∙10–1 4664.811 2 4 2.08∙10–2 2920.95 1 3 6.66∙10–1
8240.61 8 6 1.17∙10–1 4668.560 4 4 4.14∙10–3 2930.88 5 3 9.83∙10–1
8957.25 2 4 4.26∙10–1 4668.560 4 6 2.49∙10–2 2934.08 5 7 3.17
9018.16 2 2 4.17∙10–1 4747.941 2 2 6.19∙10–3 2937.74 5 5 1.28
4751.822 4 2 1.23∙10–2 2945.70 7 7 2.50∙10–2
Si V 4978.541 2 4 4.09∙10–2 2951.24 7 9 4.33
96.44 1 3 2.36∙103 4982.813 4 6 4.88∙10–2 2952.40 5 5 1.29
97.14 1 3 2.42∙102 5148.838 2 2 1.14∙10–2 2960.12 5 5 5.60∙10–1
98.21 1 3 6.88 5153.402 4 2 2.27∙10–2 2970.73 5 7 1.03∙10–1
117.86 1 3 3.57∙102 5682.633 2 4 1.01∙10–1 2974.24 5 5 2.02∙10–1
118.97 1 3 3.84∙101 5688.193 4 4 2.02∙10–2 2974.99 1 3 6.47∙10–1
5688.205 4 6 1.21∙10–1 2977.13 3 3 1.05∙10–1
Silver 5889.950 2 4 6.16∙10–1 2979.66 5 7 1.96
5895.924 2 2 6.14∙10–1 2980.63 7 5 3.30∙10–3
Ag I
6154.225 2 2 2.50∙10–2 3004.15 3 3 9.44∙10–2
2061.2 2 4 3.1∙10–2
6160.747 4 2 4.98∙10–2 3009.14 3 3 1.73∙10–1
2069.9 2 2 1.5∙10–2
7373.23 2 4 5.42∙10–4 3015.40 5 5 1.51∙10–1
3280.7 2 4 1.4
7373.49 2 2 5.30∙10–4 3053.67 5 7 2.99
3382.9 2 2 1.3
7809.78 2 4 9.91∙10–4 3055.35 1 3 8.80∙10–2
5209.1 2 4 7.5∙10–1
7810.24 2 2 9.72∙10–4 3057.38 5 5 4.51∙10–1
5465.5 4 6 8.6∙10–1
8183.256 2 4 4.29∙10–1 3058.72 5 3 2.18∙10–1
5471.6 4 4 1.4∙10–1
8194.790 4 4 8.57∙10–2 3064.38 3 5 7.62∙10–2
8194.824 4 6 5.14∙10–1 3066.54 3 3 3.74∙10–1
Sodium
8649.92 2 4 2.25∙10–3 3080.25 3 5 2.81
Na I 8650.89 2 2 2.21∙10–3 3087.06 3 1 1.66∙10–1
2543.84 2 4 4.46∙10–4 8942.96 6 6 2.47∙10–4 3094.45 5 5 1.91∙10–3
2543.87 2 2 4.35∙10–4 8942.96 6 8 3.71∙10–3 3095.55 3 5 3.97∙10–3
2593.87 2 4 8.13∙10–4 9153.88 6 6 3.5∙10–4 3104.40 3 1 5.63∙10–1
2593.92 2 2 7.96∙10–4 9153.88 6 8 5.3∙10–3 3124.42 5 7 2.56
2680.34 2 4 1.84∙10–3 9465.94 6 6 6.38∙10–4 3125.21 3 3 9.72∙10–2
2680.43 2 2 1.81∙10–3 9465.94 6 8 9.57∙10–3 3135.48 1 3 7.42∙10–1
2852.81 2 4 5.38∙10–3 9961.28 6 6 8.45∙10–4 3137.86 3 3 1.41


λ λ λ
Atomic
3145.71 3 5 7.23∙10–3 1946.43 6 8 8.28 168.411 3 3 1.37∙102

3163.74 5 5 1.05 1950.91 8 10 8.55 168.546 1 3 1.81∙102
3179.06 5 3 3.94∙10–1 1951.24 6 4 2.38 319.644 5 3 2.52∙102
3234.93 3 5 1.83∙10–1 1977.16 4 6 8.46 360.76 1 3 1.38∙101
3257.96 5 5 1.03 1985.57 4 4 1.78 408.684 5 3 2.66∙101
3260.21 3 1 4.65∙10–1 1995.68 6 6 8.12∙10–1 409.614 3 1 6.34∙101
3274.22 5 3 4.29∙10–1 2004.21 2 4 2.07 410.372 5 5 4.73∙101
3301.35 3 5 4.54∙10–2 2005.22 2 4 9.67∙10–1 411.334 1 3 2.09∙101
3304.96 1 3 3.60∙10–1 2008.47 4 6 1.45 412.242 3 5 1.55∙101
3318.04 3 3 4.14∙10–1 2011.87 6 8 6.37 1580.50 7 9 6.27
3327.69 3 1 9.45∙10–1 2014.17 4 6 4.88 1582.18 3 3 7.16
3711.07 1 3 1.02∙10–1 2017.03 6 8 5.44 1582.33 3 5 3.34
4123.08 1 3 3.71∙10–1 2028.56 8 8 1.93 1583.98 5 5 5.55
4344.11 1 3 4.32∙10–1 2031.13 4 6 3.08 1584.14 5 7 6.34
4368.60 1 3 3.59∙10–1 2035.90 2 2 6.23 1587.05 7 9 9.46
2041.66 6 8 1.64 1613.95 5 7 8.74
Na III 2043.29 4 2 4.02 1615.92 7 9 8.89
202.15 4 4 1.40∙101 2044.82 4 4 4.00 1618.57 9 11 9.23
202.49 4 2 1.59∙102 2045.44 6 6 1.05 1655.47 7 9 8.72
202.71 2 4 6.40∙101 2051.48 6 6 4.36 1701.97 5 7 7.93
202.72 4 2 6.72∙101 2060.36 4 6 8.12∙10–1 1702.41 3 5 5.95
202.76 4 4 1.26∙102 2066.60 4 4 1.53 1960.76 5 7 3.71
203.28 2 2 9.24∙101 2140.72 6 6 3.80 1965.08 5 5 3.68
215.86 2 4 1.72∙101 2144.54 4 4 3.88 1967.60 5 3 3.67
216.12 2 4 1.57∙101 2202.83 6 6 8.53∙10–1 2018.39 3 5 3.44
229.87 4 2 2.91∙101 2225.93 4 4 1.82
267.87 2 2 7.56∙101 2230.33 6 8 3.64 Strontium
378.14 4 2 8.42∙101 2232.19 4 4 2.34
Sr I
380.10 2 2 4.13∙101 2246.70 4 6 2.72
2206.2 1 3 6.6∙10–3
1336.76 4 2 4.27 2251.47 2 4 1.66
2211.3 1 3 8.5∙10–3
1337.36 4 4 1.61 2278.42 2 2 2.98
2217.8 1 3 1.2∙10–2
1340.67 6 4 2.29 2285.66 2 4 7.73∙10–1
2226.3 1 3 1.6∙10–2
1342.39 2 2 8.44∙10–1 2309.99 4 2 3.08
2237.7 1 3 2.3∙10–2
1342.73 4 2 1.06 2386.99 6 8 3.05
2253.3 1 3 3.7∙10–2
1355.28 6 6 3.44 2394.03 4 6 2.80
2275.3 1 3 6.7∙10–2
1361.90 2 2 2.24 2406.59 4 4 5.1∙10–1
2307.3 1 3 1.2∙10–1
1372.34 2 4 5.81∙10–1 2459.31 4 6 3.0
2354.3 1 3 1.8∙10–1
1420.89 8 6 5.73 2468.85 2 4 2.4
2428.1 1 3 1.7∙10–1
1444.19 6 4 4.07 2474.73 6 4 1.38
2569.5 1 3 5.3∙10–2
1449.31 8 6 5.12 2497.03 6 6 1.99
2931.8 1 3 1.9∙10–2
1562.87 4 4 2.98 2510.26 4 2 2.19
4607.3 1 3 2.01
1565.29 4 4 3.95∙10–1 2530.25 4 4 3.65∙10–1
1598.18 4 6 7.96∙10–1 2542.80 2 2 3.39∙10–1
Sr II
1711.12 6 4 1.52
2018.7 2 2 1.2∙10–1
1728.27 4 2 4.10 Na IV
2051.9 4 2 2.4∙10–1
1731.11 2 4 1.87 136.551 5 5 2.08∙102
2282.0 2 4 8.3∙10–1
1835.22 6 6 3.31 136.854 5 7 1.56∙102
2322.4 4 6 9.1∙10–1
1838.94 8 8 3.31 142.232 5 7 3.06∙102
2324.5 4 4 1.5∙10–1
1844.36 6 6 3.00 142.359 5 5 2.77∙102
2423.5 2 2 2.4∙10–1
1849.56 6 8 6.87 146.064 5 5 6.69∙10
2471.6 4 2 4.8∙10–1
1850.38 4 4 4.37 146.302 3 5 2.00∙102
3464.5 4 6 3.1
1855.92 2 2 5.77 150.298 5 7 2.38∙102
3474.9 4 4 5.1∙10–1
1856.71 4 6 4.22 150.543 3 5 1.71∙102
4077.7 2 4 1.42
1861.21 2 4 2.34 150.687 5 5 9.87∙10
4161.8 2 2 6.5∙10–1
1887.47 10 12 1.25∙101 151.299 5 5 6.70∙10
4215.5 2 2 1.27
1918.45 4 4 2.29 155.083 5 3 1.33∙102
4305.5 4 2 1.4
1926.26 8 10 8.94 155.240 5 3 1.88∙102
4414.8 4 6 1.1∙10–1
1927.24 2 4 5.66 156.537 5 7 2.92∙102
4417.5 4 4 1.8∙10–2
1932.74 4 6 5.37 162.448 5 7 6.04∙102
4585.9 4 2 7.0∙10–2
1933.89 6 8 6.33 163.190 5 5 4.32∙102


λ λ λ
Atomic
5303.1 2 4 1.9∙10–1 4463.6 8 6 5.3∙10–1 2726.8 3 5 6.0∙10–1
5379.1 4 6 2.2∙10–1 4483.4 6 4 3.1∙10–1 2731.1 5 5 1.1
5385.5 4 4 3.7∙10–2 4486.7 4 2 6.6∙10–1 2756.9 7 7 1.4
5723.7 2 2 7.1∙10–2 4524.7 4 4 9.3∙10–2 2785.5 3 3 6.1∙10–1
5819.0 4 2 1.4∙10–1 4525.0 6 4 1.2 2856.0 5 7 5.1
8688.9 4 6 5.5∙10–1 4552.4 4 2 1.2 2863.5 7 9 5.7
8719.6 4 4 9.7∙10–2 4656.7 2 4 9.0∙10–2 2872.0 3 5 4.7
4716.2 4 4 2.9∙10–1 2950.2 3 5 3.0
Sulfur 4815.5 6 4 8.8∙10–1 2964.8 5 7 4.0
4885.6 2 4 1.7∙10–1 3662.0 3 3 6.4∙10–1
SI
4917.2 2 2 6.6∙10–1 3717.8 5 3 1.0
1295.7 5 5 4.9
4924.1 4 6 2.2∙10–1 3778.9 3 5 4.4∙10–1
1296.2 5 3 2.7
4925.3 2 4 2.4∙10–1 3831.8 1 3 5.6∙10–1
1302.3 3 5 1.8
4942.5 2 2 1.5∙10–1 3837.8 3 3 4.2∙10–1
1302.9 3 3 1.6
4991.9 4 4 1.5∙10–1 3838.3 5 5 1.3
1303.1 3 1 6.6
5009.5 4 2 7.0∙10–1 3860.6 3 1 1.6
1303.4 5 3 1.9
5014.0 4 4 8.4∙10–1 3899.1 5 3 6.7∙10–1
1305.9 1 3 2.4
5027.2 4 2 2.6∙10–1 4253.6 5 7 1.2
1401.5 5 3 9.1∙10–1
5032.4 6 6 8.1∙10–1 4285.0 3 5 9.0∙10–1
1409.3 3 3 5.0∙10–1
5047.3 4 2 3.6∙10–1
1412.9 1 3 1.6∙10–1
5103.3 6 4 5.0∙10–1 Tantalum
1425.0 5 7 4.5
5142.3 2 2 1.9∙10–1
1425.2 5 5 1.2 Ta I
5201.0 4 4 7.5∙10–1
1433.3 3 5 3.3 3170.3 8 10 8.5∙10–2
5201.3 6 4 6.5∙10–2
1433.3 3 3 1.9 3406.9 4 6 6.8∙10–2
5212.6 4 6 9.8∙10–2
1437.0 1 3 2.4 3419.7 8 8 1.91∙10–2
5212.6 6 6 8.5∙10–1
1448.2 5 3 7.3 3463.8 4 6 2.62∙10–2
5320.7 6 8 9.2∙10–1
1473.0 5 7 4.2∙10–1 3497.9 6 8 4.9∙10–2
5345.7 4 6 8.8∙10–1
1474.0 5 7 1.6 3505.0 8 6 2.72∙10–2
5345.7 6 6 1.1∙10–1
1474.4 5 5 5.0∙10–1 3607.4 6 8 4.6∙10–2
5428.6 2 4 4.2∙10–1
1474.6 5 3 6.2∙10–2 3626.6 8 10 7.1∙10–2
5432.8 4 6 6.8∙10–1
1481.7 3 5 1.7∙10–1 3642.1 10 12 5.5∙10–2
5453.8 6 8 8.5∙10–1
1483.0 3 5 1.2 3784.3 4 6 4.3∙10–2
5473.6 2 2 7.3∙10–1
1483.2 3 3 7.5∙10–1 3848.1 10 8 1.30∙10–2
5509.7 4 4 4.0∙10–1
1487.2 1 3 8.7∙10–1 3922.8 4 4 3.98∙10–2
5526.2 8 8 8.1∙10–2
1666.7 5 5 6.3 3996.2 2 4 3.35∙10–2
5536.8 4 6 6.6∙10–2
1687.5 1 3 9.4∙10–1 4026.9 4 4 3.60∙10–2
5556.0 4 2 1.1∙10–1
1782.3 1 3 1.9 4029.9 10 10 2.8∙10–2
5564.9 6 6 1.7∙10–1
1807.3 5 3 3.8 4040.9 10 12 7.3∙10–3
5578.8 6 6 1.1∙10–1
1820.3 3 3 2.2 4061.4 2 4 6.5∙10–2
5606.1 10 8 5.4∙10–1
1826.2 1 3 7.2∙10–1 4064.6 4 4 3.83∙10–2
5616.6 4 4 1.2∙10–1
4694.1 5 7 6.7∙10–3 4136.2 8 6 1.82∙10–2
5640.0 4 6 6.6∙10–1
4695.4 5 5 6.7∙10–3 4147.9 10 8 1.79∙10–2
5645.6 6 4 1.8∙10–2
4696.2 5 3 6.5∙10–3 4175.2 6 8 2.8∙10–2
5647.0 2 4 5.7∙10–1
6403.6 3 5 5.7∙10–3 4205.9 8 10 8.9∙10–3
5659.9 6 4 4.6∙10–1
6408.1 5 5 9.5∙10–3 4303.0 6 6 2.08∙10–2
5664.7 4 2 5.8∙10–1
6415.5 7 5 1.3∙10–2 4386.1 4 6 1.0∙10–2
5819.2 4 4 8.5∙10–2
*6751.2 15 25 7.9∙10–2 4402.5 6 6 2.28∙10–2
6305.5 8 6 1.8∙10–1
7679.6 3 5 1.2∙10–2 4415.7 2 4 2.53∙10–2
6312.7 6 4 3.0∙10–1
7686.1 5 5 2.0∙10–2 4441.7 10 8 9.0∙10–3
7696.7 7 5 2.8∙10–2 4473.5 6 8 1.36∙10–2
S III
4511.0 10 12 1.56∙10–2
2496.2 7 5 2.5
S II 4530.9 4 6 2.42∙10–2
2508.2 5 3 2.3
1124.4 2 4 1.0 4553.7 6 8 9.5∙10–3
2636.9 3 5 4.5∙10–1
1125.0 4 4 4.6 4565.9 8 8 2.5∙10–2
2665.4 5 5 1.4
1131.0 2 2 3.5 4619.5 6 4 5.3∙10–2
2680.5 1 3 6.2∙10–1
1131.6 4 2 1.4 4669.1 6 4 2.85∙10–2
2691.8 3 3 4.6∙10–1
1250.5 4 2 4.6∙10–1 4681.9 6 6 1.5∙10–2
2702.8 3 1 1.9
1253.8 4 4 4.2∙10–1 4691.9 2 4 4.08∙10–2
2718.9 3 3 1.2
1259.5 4 6 3.4∙10–1 4706.1 6 6 1.4∙10–2
2721.4 5 3 7.7∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
4740.2 4 4 5.0∙10–2 6966.1 8 8 1.2∙10–2 3744.1 8 8 9.5∙10–1

4758.0 4 6 7.5∙10–3 6969.5 10 10 2.9∙10–3 3751.8 8 10 1.9∙10–1
4769.0 8 8 2.8∙10–2 7407.9 6 4 2.0∙10–2 3798.5 6 4 1.2
4780.9 10 8 2.16∙10–2 3807.7 6 6 3.9∙10–1
4812.8 4 4 1.2∙10–2 Thallium 3883.1 8 6 1.0
4825.4 6 6 2.63∙10–2 3887.4 8 8 3.8∙10–1
Tl I
4832.2 4 4 1.7∙10–2 3916.5 6 8 1.5
2104.6 2 4 4.0∙10–2
4852.2 4 4 1.7∙10–2 3949.3 6 6 1.0
2118.9 2 2 2.0∙10–2
4884.0 6 8 1.1∙10–2 4022.6 6 8 4.0∙10–2
2129.3 2 4 5.8∙10–2
4904.6 12 10 1.95∙10–2 4044.5 6 4 2.9∙10–1
2151.9 2 2 3.1∙10–2
4921.3 2 4 1.2∙10–2 4094.2 8 6 9.0∙10–1
2168.6 2 4 9.8∙10–2
4926.0 4 4 1.5∙10–2 4105.8 8 10 6.0∙10–1
2237.8 2 4 1.9∙10–1
4936.4 8 6 4.5∙10–2 4138.3 6 4 7.0∙10–1
2316.0 2 2 7.8∙10–2
4969.7 4 4 1.0∙10–2 4158.6 6 8 5.5∙10–2
2379.7 2 4 4.4∙10–1
5012.5 4 4 1.9∙10–2 4187.6 8 8 6.1∙10–1
2507.9 4 2 1.1∙10–2
5037.4 10 8 4.4∙10–2 4203.7 8 10 2.5∙10–1
2538.2 4 2 1.6∙10–2
5043.3 6 4 2.73∙10–2 4222.7 6 8 1.5∙10–1
2580.1 2 2 1.8∙10–1
5067.9 8 6 2.92∙10–2 4271.7 6 6 1.1∙10–1
2609.0 4 6 1.0∙10–1
5087.4 6 4 1.5∙10–2 4359.9 8 6 1.3∙10–1
2609.8 4 4 1.9∙10–2
5090.7 8 6 9.5∙10–3 4386.4 8 8 4.2∙10–2
2665.6 4 2 5.7∙10–2
5136.5 2 2 4.5∙10–2 4394.4 6 4 1.1∙10–1
2709.2 4 6 1.7∙10–1
5143.7 6 4 1.7∙10–2 4643.1 6 6 3.4∙10–2
2710.7 4 4 3.7∙10–2
5147.6 6 4 9.0∙10–3 4681.9 6 8 3.9∙10–2
2767.9 2 4 1.26
5161.8 4 6 6.3∙10–3 4691.1 6 6 3.9∙10–2
2826.2 4 2 8.0∙10–2
5218.7 8 6 8.2∙10–3 5307.1 8 10 2.3∙10–2
2918.3 4 6 4.2∙10–1
5295.0 6 6 7.5∙10–3 5658.3 6 8 1.0∙10–2
2921.5 4 4 7.6∙10–2
5336.1 6 8 5.5∙10–3 5675.8 8 10 1.3∙10–2
3229.8 4 2 1.73∙10–1
5349.6 6 4 2.2∙10–2 5760.2 6 6 1.3∙10–2
3519.2 4 6 1.24
5435.3 4 6 1.1∙10–2
3529.4 4 4 2.20∙10–1
5499.4 10 10 6.1∙10–3 Tin
3775.7 2 2 6.25∙10–1
5518.9 8 10 3.8∙10–2
5350.5 4 2 7.05∙10–1 Sn I
5620.7 8 10 6.0∙10–3
2073.1 1 3 3.6∙10–2
5640.2 6 8 4.9∙10–3
Thulium 2199.3 3 5 2.9∙10–1
5645.9 6 8 1.43∙10–2
2209.7 5 5 5.6∙10–1
5811.1 8 6 5.7∙10–3 Tm I
2246.1 1 3 1.6
5877.4 10 12 2.3∙10–2 2513.8 8 10 6.9∙10–2
2268.9 5 7 1.2
5939.8 2 4 1.6∙10–2 2527.0 8 8 1.7∙10–1
2286.7 5 5 3.1∙10–1
5944.0 4 6 2.13∙10–2 2596.5 8 10 1.6∙10–1
2317.2 5 7 2.0
5997.2 10 10 2.4∙10–2 2601.1 8 6 1.7∙10–1
2334.8 3 3 6.6∙10–1
6020.7 2 4 1.0∙10–2 2622.5 8 10 6.1∙10–2
2354.8 3 5 1.7
6045.4 6 8 2.6∙10–2 2841.1 6 6 2.0∙10–1
2380.7 3 5 3.1∙10–2
6047.3 8 10 9.0∙10–3 2854.2 8 6 2.7∙10–1
2408.2 5 3 1.8∙10–1
6249.8 6 6 3.5∙10–3 2914.8 8 8 7.7∙10–2
2421.7 5 7 2.5
6258.7 6 8 3.3∙10–3 2933.0 8 6 1.0∙10–1
2429.5 5 7 1.5
6309.6 4 6 1.83∙10–2 2973.2 8 8 2.3∙10–1
2433.5 5 3 8.0∙10–3
6360.8 6 8 4.6∙10–3 3046.9 8 8 1.8∙10–1
2455.2 5 5 1.1∙10–2
6428.6 6 6 6.0∙10–3 3081.1 8 8 1.9∙10–1
2476.4 5 3 1.1∙10–2
6430.8 8 8 2.9∙10–2 3122.5 6 6 5.2∙10–1
2483.4 5 5 2.1∙10–1
6450.4 8 10 2.2∙10–2 3142.4 6 6 8.8∙10–2
2491.8 1 3 1.7∙10–1
6485.4 10 10 5.8∙10–2 3172.7 8 8 1.8∙10–1
2495.7 5 5 6.2∙10–1
6514.4 6 4 2.2∙10–2 3233.7 8 10 5.1∙10–2
2523.9 5 3 7.4∙10–2
6516.1 6 8 1.25∙10–2 3247.0 6 8 3.0∙10–1
2546.6 1 3 2.1∙10–1
6612.0 6 4 1.9∙10–2 3251.8 6 4 5.2∙10–1
2558.0 1 3 3.4∙10–1
6673.7 2 4 9.0∙10–3 3380.7 6 8 2.0∙10–1
2571.6 5 7 4.5∙10–1
6771.7 4 4 5.8∙10–3 3406.0 6 8 1.5∙10–1
2594.4 5 5 3.0∙10–1
6866.2 8 6 2.58∙10–2 3410.1 8 10 1.0∙10–1
2636.9 1 3 1.1∙10–1
6927.4 10 12 1.01∙10–2 3416.6 8 8 5.7∙10–2
2661.2 3 3 1.1∙10–1
6928.5 10 8 1.69∙10–2 3418.6 6 6 1.1∙10–1
2706.5 3 5 6.6∙10–1
6951.3 10 10 3.7∙10–3 3563.9 8 6 9.8∙10–2
2761.8 5 5 3.7∙10–3
6953.9 6 8 8.3∙10–3 3567.4 8 10 4.2∙10–2


λ λ λ
Atomic
2779.8 5 7 1.8∙10–1 3354.63 7 9 6.9∙10–1 5351.07 7 7 3.4∙10–1
2785.0 5 3 1.4∙10–1 3371.45 9 11 7.2∙10–1 5503.90 11 9 2.6∙10–1
2788.0 1 3 1.4∙10–1 3377.58 7 5 6.9∙10–1 5774.04 9 11 5.5∙10–1
2812.6 1 3 2.3∙10–1 3385.94 9 7 5.0∙10–1 5785.98 11 13 6.1∙10–1
2813.6 5 5 1.2∙10–1 3635.46 5 7 8.04∙10–1 5804.27 13 15 6.8∙10–1
2840.0 5 5 1.7 3642.68 7 9 7.74∙10–1 6098.66 9 7 2.5∙10–1
2850.6 5 5 3.3∙10–1 3653.50 9 11 7.54∙10–1 6220.46 9 7 1.8∙10–1
2863.3 1 3 5.4∙10–1 3724.57 9 9 9.1∙10–1
2913.5 1 3 8.3∙10–1 3741.06 7 7 4.17∙10–1 Ti II
3009.1 3 3 3.8∙10–1 3752.86 9 9 5.04∙10–1 2635.44 4 4 1.9
3032.8 1 3 6.2∙10–1 3786.04 5 3 1.4 2638.56 6 6 1.7
3034.1 3 1 2.0 3958.21 9 7 4.05∙10–1 2642.02 8 8 1.9
3141.8 1 3 1.9∙10–1 3981.76 5 5 3.76∙10–1 2645.86 10 10 2.7
3175.1 5 3 1.0 3989.76 7 7 3.79∙10–1 2746.54 6 8 2.6
3218.7 1 3 4.7∙10–2 3998.64 9 9 4.08∙10–1 2751.59 8 10 3.7
3223.6 5 5 1.2∙10–3 4186.12 9 9 2.10∙10–1 2752.68 8 10 1.1
3262.3 5 3 2.7 4266.23 5 5 3.1∙10–1 2757.62 6 8 7.2∙10–1
3330.6 5 5 2.0∙10–1 4284.99 5 5 3.2∙10–1 2758.35 4 6 9.9∙10–1
3655.8 1 3 4.1∙10–2 4289.07 5 5 3.0∙10–1 2804.82 6 8 4.6
3801.0 5 3 2.8∙10–1 4393.93 9 11 3.3∙10–1 2810.30 8 10 5.1
4524.7 1 3 2.6∙10–1 4417.27 11 9 3.6∙10–1 2817.83 10 12 3.8
5631.7 1 3 2.4∙10–2 4449.14 11 11 9.7∙10–1 2819.87 8 8 6.5∙10–1
5970.3 5 3 9.6∙10–2 4450.90 9 9 9.6∙10–1 2821.26 6 8 7.9∙10–1
6037.7 5 5 5.0∙10–2 4453.31 5 5 5.98∙10–1 2827.12 8 10 1.0
6069.0 1 3 4.6∙10–2 4453.71 7 7 4.7∙10–1 2828.06 12 14 4.4
6073.5 3 1 6.3∙10–2 4455.32 7 7 4.8∙10–1 2828.64 6 6 1.2
6171.5 3 3 4.9∙10–2 4457.43 9 9 5.6∙10–1 2828.83 10 10 9.1∙10–1
4465.81 5 7 3.28∙10–1 2834.02 10 12 7.9∙10–1
Sn II 4481.26 7 7 5.7∙10–1 2836.47 8 8 1.2
2368.3 4 2 4.4∙10–3 4496.15 7 5 4.4∙10–1 2839.64 12 12 8.3∙10–1
2449.0 4 6 3.7∙10–1 4518.02 7 9 1.72∙10–1 2845.93 10 10 1.2
2487.0 6 8 5.5∙10–1 4522.80 5 7 1.9∙10–1 2856.10 12 12 1.5
3283.2 4 6 1.0 4533.24 11 11 8.83∙10–1 2877.47 8 8 5.7∙10–1
3352.0 6 8 1.0 4534.78 9 9 6.87∙10–1 2884.13 10 10 5.2∙10–1
3472.5 2 4 1.6∙10–1 4548.76 7 5 2.85∙10–1 2926.64 10 8 8.9∙10–1
3575.5 4 6 1.3∙10–1 4552.45 9 7 2.1∙10–1 2931.10 6 6 3.2
5332.4 2 4 8.6∙10–1 4563.43 9 11 2.1∙10–1 2936.02 4 6 2.7
5562.0 4 6 1.2 4617.27 7 9 8.51∙10–1 2938.57 6 8 2.4
5588.9 4 6 8.5∙10–1 4623.10 5 7 5.74∙10–1 2941.90 8 10 1.8
5596.2 4 4 1.5∙10–1 4639.94 3 3 6.64∙10–1 2942.97 8 8 1.1
5797.2 6 6 2.8∙10–1 4742.79 9 9 5.3∙10–1 2945.30 10 12 2.7
5799.2 6 8 8.1∙10–1 4758.12 11 11 7.13∙10–1 2954.59 10 12 4.0
6453.5 2 4 1.2 4759.27 13 13 7.40∙10–1 2958.80 8 10 4.0
6761.5 2 2 3.2∙10–1 4778.26 9 9 2.0∙10–1 2979.06 4 6 1.2
6844.1 2 2 6.6∙10–1 4805.42 5 7 5.8∙10–1 2990.06 6 8 5.6∙10–1
4856.01 13 15 5.2∙10–1 3017.17 12 12 3.6∙10–1
Titanium 4885.08 11 13 4.90∙10–1 3022.64 10 10 1.2
4913.62 7 9 4.44∙10–1 3023.67 8 8 1.0
Ti I
4928.34 3 5 6.2∙10–1 3075.23 6 4 1.13
2644.28 7 5 1.4
4981.73 11 13 6.60∙10–1 3078.65 8 6 1.09
2646.65 9 7 1.5
4989.14 7 5 3.25∙10–1 3081.52 10 8 1.1
2733.27 5 5 1.9
4991.07 9 11 5.84∙10–1 3088.04 10 8 1.25
2912.07 5 7 1.3
4999.50 7 9 5.27∙10–1 3089.44 8 6 1.3
2942.00 5 5 1.0
5000.99 9 7 3.52∙10–1 3103.81 10 8 1.1
2948.26 7 7 9.3∙10–1
5007.21 5 7 4.92∙10–1 3106.26 6 6 7.8∙10–1
2956.13 9 9 9.7∙10–1
5014.28 3 5 6.8∙10–1 3127.86 6 6 1.6
3186.45 5 7 8.0∙10–1
5036.47 7 9 3.94∙10–1 3128.50 8 8 1.1
3191.99 7 9 8.5∙10–1
5038.40 5 7 3.87∙10–1 3168.55 10 8 4.1∙10–1
3199.92 9 11 9.4∙10–1
5224.30 11 11 3.6∙10–1 3181.73 6 8 4.6∙10–1
3341.88 5 7 6.5∙10–1
5259.98 5 7 2.3∙10–1 3189.49 4 4 9.2∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
3190.91 6 8 1.3 2331.66 3 3 1.2 2862.60 4 2 4.1

3202.56 4 6 1.1 2339.00 5 3 3.0 3576.44 4 6 4.6
3224.25 12 10 7.0∙10–1 2346.79 7 5 3.3
3228.62 4 2 2.0 2374.99 5 3 4.0 Tungsten
3232.29 8 6 6.0∙10–1 2413.99 5 7 3.8
WI
3234.51 10 10 1.38 2516.05 7 9 3.4
2879.4 1 3 2.4∙10–1
3236.58 8 8 1.11 2567.56 3 3 2.3
2911.0 1 3 7.7∙10–2
3239.04 6 6 9.87∙10–1 2984.75 5 5 1.9
2923.5 7 9 1.54∙10–2
3239.66 6 4 9.4∙10–1 3066.51 3 3 2.5
2935.0 3 5 1.5∙10–1
3241.99 4 4 1.16 3228.89 3 3 1.5
3013.8 7 9 6.4∙10–2
3278.28 4 4 9.6∙10–1 3278.31 7 9 3.4
3016.5 9 11 9.27∙10–2
3278.91 6 4 1.0 3320.94 3 5 2.8
3017.4 7 9 1.21∙10–1
3282.32 2 2 1.6 3340.20 7 9 3.7
3024.9 3 3 1.4∙10–1
3287.66 8 10 1.4 3346.18 9 11 3.7
3046.4 3 5 5.8∙10–2
3321.70 4 4 7.2∙10–1 3354.71 11 13 4.4
3049.7 7 5 1.7∙10–1
3322.94 10 10 3.96∙10–1 3397.24 3 1 1.8
3064.9 5 7 1.1∙10–2
3332.11 6 4 1.1 3404.46 3 3 1.8
3084.9 5 5 1.3∙10–2
3361.23 8 10 1.1 3417.62 3 5 1.9
3093.5 7 9 4.4∙10–2
3372.80 6 8 1.11 3915.47 9 11 2.1
3107.2 5 7 2.33∙10–2
3383.77 4 6 1.09 4119.14 5 5 9.9∙10–1
3108.0 7 9 1.58∙10–2
3456.40 4 4 8.2∙10–1 4213.26 9 11 2.2
3145.5 9 9 4.8∙10–3
3483.63 10 8 9.7∙10–1 4215.53 9 11 2.2
3170.2 7 5 6.0∙10–3
3492.37 8 6 9.8∙10–1 4247.62 11 13 1.1
3176.6 3 5 2.12∙10–2
3504.90 10 10 8.2∙10–1 4248.54 5 7 2.3
3183.5 7 7 2.64∙10–3
3510.86 8 8 9.3∙10–1 4250.09 3 5 9.5∙10–1
3184.4 5 3 2.3∙10–2
3535.41 4 6 5.5∙10–1 4259.01 11 13 9.4∙10–1
3191.6 1 3 3.2∙10–2
3741.64 6 6 6.2∙10–1 4269.84 9 11 1.7
3198.8 7 9 4.6∙10–2
3759.30 8 8 9.4∙10–1 4285.61 13 15 3.0
3207.3 7 9 3.0∙10–2
3761.33 6 6 9.9∙10–1 4288.66 11 13 1.1
3208.3 5 5 4.4∙10–2
4911.18 6 4 3.2∙10–1 4296.70 11 13 1.6
3215.6 9 11 2.1∙10–1
4319.56 9 11 1.1
3221.9 5 7 1.61∙10–2
Ti III 4343.25 3 1 1.0
3223.1 5 3 3.53∙10–3
865.79 5 3 6.6∙101 4378.94 3 5 1.6
3232.5 9 9 2.4∙10–2
1002.37 5 5 7.6 4433.91 11 13 1.8
3235.1 7 5 2.68∙10–3
1004.67 7 5 4.3∙101 4440.66 1 3 1.2
3259.7 7 7 1.3∙10–2
1005.80 3 3 1.3∙101 4533.26 3 5 1.5
3300.8 7 9 8.1∙10–2
1007.16 5 3 3.8∙101 4576.53 9 7 1.3
3311.4 7 5 5.6∙10–2
1008.12 3 1 5.1∙101 4628.07 3 1 1.5
3363.3 9 7 6.6∙10–3
1286.37 9 9 2.0 4652.86 7 9 2.6
3371.0 7 5 1.0∙10–2
1289.30 7 7 2.2 4874.00 5 7 1.5
3371.4 3 3 6.7∙10–3
1291.62 5 5 2.4 4914.32 3 3 1.1
3386.1 7 7 2.64∙10–3
1293.23 9 7 1.0 4971.19 9 11 2.1
3413.0 7 9 9.7∙10–3
1298.97 7 5 4.9 5083.80 5 3 9.7∙10–1
3459.5 9 9 2.04∙10–3
1327.59 5 3 3.2 5278.33 3 3 9.4∙10–1
3510.0 7 9 5.2∙10–3
1420.44 1 3 1.2 7506.87 11 13 1.1
3545.2 1 3 3.2∙10–2
1421.63 3 1 4.0
3570.6 5 3 6.7∙10–3
1422.41 5 5 3.0 Ti IV
3606.1 3 5 9.6∙10–3
1424.14 5 3 1.6 423.49 4 6 4.9∙101
3617.5 7 7 1.1∙10–1
1455.19 9 7 6.4 424.16 6 8 5.3∙101
3631.9 3 5 1.3∙10–2
1498.70 5 5 2.8 433.63 4 2 5.5
3675.6 9 11 1.20∙10–2
2007.36 3 3 3.4 433.76 6 4 5.0
3682.1 9 11 2.0∙10–2
2007.60 1 3 1.2 729.36 4 2 5.7
3707.9 7 7 2.9∙10–2
2010.80 5 3 5.4 1183.64 2 2 6.9
3757.9 7 9 1.38∙10–2
2097.30 5 7 3.3 1195.21 4 2 1.4∙101
3760.1 5 7 1.99∙10–2
2099.86 3 5 2.5 1451.74 2 4 1.8∙101
3768.5 3 3 3.47∙10–2
2104.86 3 3 1.1 1467.34 4 6 2.1∙101
3780.8 7 5 4.2∙10–2
2105.09 1 3 1.7 2067.56 2 4 5.1
3809.2 7 5 9.0∙10–3
2199.22 3 3 5.7 2103.16 2 2 5.0
3817.5 7 7 3.1∙10–2
2237.77 7 7 2.4 2541.79 4 6 6.9
3829.1 3 3 3.83∙10–3
2331.35 3 1 4.3 2546.88 6 8 7.4


λ λ λ
Atomic
3835.1 5 5 5.2∙10–2 4986.9 11 9 6.3∙10–3 3561.4 15 13 5.5∙10–2
3846.3 3 5 2.14∙10–2 5006.2 9 7 1.2∙10–2 3561.5 9 9 2.5∙10–2
3847.5 1 3 8.3∙10–3 5015.3 7 9 5.4∙10–3 3561.8 13 11 5.7∙10–2
3864.3 5 5 5.6∙10–3 5040.4 3 5 5.2∙10–3 3563.7 13 13 2.9∙10–2
3868.0 7 9 4.6∙10–2 5053.3 3 3 1.9∙10–2 3563.8 7 7 1.1∙10–2
3881.4 7 7 3.6∙10–2 5071.5 13 11 3.4∙10–3 3565.0 13 11 2.9∙10–2
3968.5 1 3 5.07∙10–3 5117.6 11 11 1.61∙10–3 3566.0 13 15 1.7∙10–2
3975.5 9 11 4.1∙10–3 5124.2 5 5 4.0∙10–3 3566.6 11 11 2.4∙10–1
4001.4 9 9 5.6∙10–3 5141.2 7 9 1.12∙10–3 3568.8 13 13 3.8∙10–2
4008.8 7 9 1.63∙10–1 5224.7 7 5 1.2∙10–2 3569.1 17 15 1.1∙10–1
4019.3 5 3 6.7∙10–3 5243.0 9 7 1.1∙10–2 3569.4 9 9 1.5∙10–2
4028.8 1 3 2.0∙10–2 5254.5 7 5 3.86∙10–3 3570.1 13 11 1.3∙10–2
4045.6 7 5 2.88∙10–2 5268.6 9 9 1.4∙10–3 3570.2 11 9 5.3∙10–3
4055.2 7 9 1.79∙10–3 5500.5 11 9 6.9∙10–3 3570.6 13 15 2.7∙10–2
4070.0 7 5 3.60∙10–2 5514.7 5 3 7.3∙10–3 3570.7 15 15 1.2∙10–2
4070.6 3 5 5.6∙10–3 5537.7 9 11 2.2∙10–3 3571.2 11 11 6.3∙10–3
4074.4 7 7 1.0∙10–1 5617.1 7 7 1.47∙10–3 3571.6 17 15 1.3∙10–1
4088.3 5 3 4.13∙10–3 5631.9 9 7 1.43∙10–3 3572.9 13 15 1.5∙10–2
4102.7 9 7 4.9∙10–2 5660.7 13 11 6.8∙10–3 3573.9 13 11 4.0∙10–2
4115.6 11 11 4.8∙10–3 5675.4 5 5 2.20∙10–3 3574.1 13 15 3.5∙10–2
4137.5 5 7 8.4∙10–3 5796.5 9 7 2.21∙10–3 3574.8 13 15 1.9∙10–2
4171.2 7 9 8.6∙10–3 5891.6 7 7 1.47∙10–3 3577.1 17 15 4.3∙10–2
4203.8 9 7 4.9∙10–3 5947.6 5 7 2.40∙10–3 3577.5 15 13 7.8∙10–3
4219.4 9 7 6.1∙10–3 5965.9 7 5 1.0∙10–2 3577.8 11 11 8.3∙10–3
4244.4 9 11 1.38∙10–2 6021.5 5 3 8.7∙10–3 3577.9 13 13 2.3∙10–2
4269.4 7 5 3.04∙10–2 6081.4 5 3 4.7∙10–3 3578.3 13 11 2.0∙10–2
4283.8 9 7 1.69∙10–3 6203.5 7 7 3.0∙10–3 3580.0 9 9 1.2∙10–2
4294.6 7 5 1.2∙10–1 6285.9 7 5 6.6∙10–3 3580.2 11 9 2.9∙10–2
4302.1 7 7 3.6∙10–2 6292.0 3 5 2.26∙10–3 3580.4 11 13 7.5∙10–3
4355.2 9 9 5.1∙10–3 6303.2 9 9 1.84∙10–3 3580.9 13 13 2.1∙10–2
4361.8 9 7 1.64∙10–3 6404.2 5 7 1.50∙10–3 3582.6 13 13 2.9∙10–2
4378.5 7 5 3.48∙10–3 6439.7 9 9 1.29∙10–3 3584.6 7 5 2.4∙10–2
4458.1 3 5 4.2∙10–3 6445.1 7 5 6.4∙10–3 3584.9 13 15 1.8∙10–1
4466.3 7 5 1.5∙10–2 6532.4 3 5 4.6∙10–3 3585.4 11 11 1.9∙10–2
4472.5 13 11 1.55∙10–3 6538.1 11 9 2.7∙10–3 3585.8 11 9 2.8∙10–2
4484.2 3 5 5.6∙10–3 6563.2 5 5 2.04∙10–3 3587.8 9 11 1.3∙10–2
4492.3 9 11 3.6∙10–3 6814.9 9 9 1.46∙10–3 3588.3 7 9 1.8∙10–2
4495.3 11 11 3.3∙10–3 7285.8 13 11 1.47∙10–3 3589.7 11 13 2.1∙10–2
4504.8 9 7 7.0∙10–3 7569.9 5 3 3.73∙10–3 3589.8 15 13 5.9∙10–2
4552.5 9 9 1.42∙10–3 7664.9 5 3 3.80∙10–3 3590.7 9 7 2.2∙10–2
4586.8 1 3 4.20∙10–3 8017.2 5 7 1.6∙10–3 3591.7 11 9 5.3∙10–2
4592.6 7 9 3.4∙10–3 8358.7 5 7 1.89∙10–3 3593.0 11 11 1.4∙10–2
4609.9 7 9 1.42∙10–2 9381.4 9 7 1.53∙10–3 3593.2 13 15 4.2∙10–2
4613.3 9 9 2.9∙10–3 3593.7 11 11 7.2∙10–2
4634.8 9 9 8.8∙10–3 Uranium
4659.9 1 3 1.0∙10–2 Vanadium
UI
4680.5 7 7 1.4∙10–2
3553.0 13 13 2.0∙10–2 VI
4720.4 3 5 3.22∙10–3
3553.0 9 7 1.4∙10–2 3053.65 4 4 1.3
4729.6 7 5 7.8∙10–3
3553.4 15 13 2.2∙10–2 3056.33 6 6 1.3
4752.6 3 3 5.20∙10–3
3554.5 11 9 8.4∙10–3 3060.46 8 8 1.4
4757.5 7 5 2.72∙10–3
3554.9 15 17 7.9∙10–3 3066.37 10 10 2.1
4757.8 11 9 4.1∙10–3
3555.3 13 15 2.7∙10–2 3183.41 6 8 2.4
4788.4 9 11 2.6∙10–3
3555.8 13 11 4.1∙10–3 3183.96 8 10 2.5
4843.8 5 5 1.9∙10–2
3556.9 13 11 7.5∙10–3 3183.98 4 6 2.4
4886.9 9 11 8.1∙10–3
3557.8 13 13 2.9∙10–2 3185.38 10 12 2.7
4924.6 13 11 1.75∙10–3
3558.0 11 13 1.6∙10–2 3205.58 8 10 1.3
4931.6 7 5 1.0∙10–2
3558.6 9 7 3.9∙10–2 3212.43 10 12 1.4
4948.6 9 11 1.36∙10–3
3559.4 7 9 1.5∙10–2 3377.62 6 6 6.0∙10–1
4972.6 9 11 3.9∙10–3
3560.3 9 7 6.4∙10–2 3533.68 6 8 5.2∙10–1
4982.6 1 3 4.17∙10–3


λ λ λ
Atomic
3663.60 4 6 3.1 4452.01 14 16 9.2∙10–1 2892.43 9 9 3.6∙10–1

3667.74 6 8 2.7 4457.75 10 12 2.7∙10–1 2892.65 7 5 1.3
3672.41 12 12 9.2∙10–1 4460.33 10 8 3.0∙10–1 2893.31 9 7 1.2
3673.41 8 10 2.7 4462.36 12 14 7.6∙10–1 2903.07 3 5 3.4∙10–1
3676.70 14 14 1.3 4468.00 8 10 2.3∙10–1 2906.45 7 7 7.8∙10–1
3680.12 10 12 2.2 4469.71 10 12 6.2∙10–1 2908.81 11 9 1.6
3686.26 10 12 2.3∙10–1 4474.04 10 8 4.7∙10–1 2910.01 5 5 1.1
3687.50 12 14 2.9 4496.06 8 6 4.0∙10–1 2910.38 3 3 1.2
3688.07 8 8 3.5∙10–1 4524.21 12 10 3.0∙10–1 2911.05 7 9 3.7∙10–1
3692.22 6 6 5.4∙10–1 4529.58 10 8 2.4∙10–1 2912.46 11 9 5.0∙10–1
3695.34 14 16 2.8 4545.40 10 12 7.6∙10–1 2915.88 9 7 4.9∙10–1
3695.86 4 4 6.6∙10–1 4560.72 8 10 7.0∙10–1 2924.02 11 11 1.7
3703.57 10 8 9.2∙10–1 4571.79 6 8 6.0∙10–1 2924.63 9 9 1.2
3704.70 8 6 6.6∙10–1 4578.73 4 6 6.8∙10–1 2930.80 7 7 5.8∙10–1
3706.03 10 10 5.2∙10–1 4757.47 4 2 7.6∙10–1 2941.37 11 9 3.5∙10–1
3708.71 12 12 4.4∙10–1 4766.62 6 4 5.6∙10–1 2944.57 9 7 7.6∙10–1
3794.96 10 10 2.3∙10–1 4776.36 8 6 5.1∙10–1 2948.08 9 11 4.0∙10–1
3806.79 10 10 2.5∙10–1 4786.50 10 8 4.7∙10–1 2952.07 7 5 7.2∙10–1
3840.75 8 6 5.48∙10–1 4796.92 12 10 4.8∙10–1 2955.58 7 9 3.3∙10–1
3855.85 10 8 5.78∙10–1 4807.52 14 12 5.8∙10–1 2968.37 7 9 7.0∙10–1
3871.07 10 8 2.8∙10–1 5193.00 12 12 4.0∙10–1 2972.26 5 7 5.2∙10–1
3902.26 10 10 2.68∙10–1 5195.39 8 8 2.3∙10–1 2973.98 9 11 3.5∙10–1
3930.02 10 10 3.3∙10–1 5234.08 10 10 4.9∙10–1 2985.18 7 9 4.4∙10–1
3934.01 8 8 6.2∙10–1 5240.87 12 12 4.3∙10–1 3001.20 7 7 7.5∙10–1
3992.80 12 10 1.2 5415.25 12 14 3.1∙10–1 3014.82 5 3 8.9∙10–1
3998.73 14 12 1.0 5487.91 12 10 2.9∙10–1 3016.78 7 5 5.0∙10–1
4050.96 10 10 1.4 5507.75 10 8 3.5∙10–1 3020.21 9 7 5.0∙10–1
4051.35 12 12 1.3 6090.21 8 6 2.60∙10–1 3048.21 11 13 7.0∙10–1
4090.57 8 10 8.5∙10–1 3063.25 9 11 1.0
4092.68 8 10 2.30∙10–1 V II 3100.94 7 7 5.8∙10–1
4095.48 6 8 7.2∙10–1 2527.90 13 13 6.1∙10–1 3113.56 11 11 5.0∙10–1
4099.78 6 8 4.10∙10–1 2528.47 9 9 5.2∙10–1 3122.89 11 13 7.6∙10–1
4102.15 4 6 7.1∙10–1 2528.83 11 11 5.3∙10–1 3134.93 13 13 5.9∙10–1
4104.77 10 8 2.1 2554.04 9 9 5.4∙10–1 3136.50 11 11 5.3∙10–1
4105.16 4 6 4.9∙10–1 2589.10 9 9 7.7∙10–1 3139.73 9 9 5.2∙10–1
4109.78 2 4 5.00∙10–1 2640.86 5 7 1.2 3151.32 3 5 4.4∙10–1
4111.78 10 10 1.01 2677.80 3 5 3.4∙10–1 3190.69 9 9 3.3∙10–1
4115.18 8 8 5.80∙10–1 2679.33 7 7 3.4∙10–1 3250.78 11 9 5.2∙10–1
4116.47 6 6 3.2∙10–1 2683.09 1 3 3.4∙10–1 3251.87 5 7 3.5∙10–1
4123.50 4 2 1.00 2687.96 9 9 7.6∙10–1 3271.12 7 9 6.9∙10–1
4128.06 6 4 7.70∙10–1 2689.88 3 1 9.2∙10–1 3276.12 9 11 5.2∙10–1
4131.99 8 6 5.5∙10–1 2690.25 7 5 3.4∙10–1 3279.84 9 11 5.8∙10–1
4134.49 10 8 2.90∙10–1 2690.79 5 3 5.2∙10–1 3287.71 5 7 7.5∙10–1
4232.46 10 10 9.8∙10–1 2700.94 9 11 3.5∙10–1 3337.85 5 7 5.3∙10–1
4232.95 8 8 7.7∙10–1 2706.17 7 9 3.4∙10–1 3517.30 9 7 3.8∙10–1
4268.64 14 14 1.2 2734.22 9 7 6.2∙10–1 3530.77 5 3 4.5∙10–1
4271.55 12 12 9.6∙10–1 2753.41 13 11 4.2∙10–1 3545.19 7 5 4.3∙10–1
4276.95 10 10 9.4∙10–1 2784.20 9 9 1.3 3556.80 9 7 5.1∙10–1
4284.05 8 8 1.2 2787.91 7 9 5.0∙10–1 3592.01 7 5 4.4∙10–1
4291.82 12 14 8.8∙10–1 2825.86 9 7 1.2 3618.92 3 5 3.3∙10–1
4296.10 10 12 7.7∙10–1 2843.82 7 5 9.9∙10–1
4297.67 8 10 7.0∙10–1 2847.57 9 7 4.6∙10–1 V III
4298.03 6 8 7.8∙10–1 2854.34 11 9 5.0∙10–1 2318.06 8 10 4.6
4379.23 10 12 1.1 2862.31 11 11 3.6∙10–1 2323.82 6 8 3.8
4384.71 8 10 1.1 2868.11 5 3 2.1 2330.42 10 10 3.2
4389.98 6 8 6.9∙10–1 2869.13 13 11 4.8∙10–1 2331.75 8 8 2.5
4395.22 4 6 5.5∙10–1 2882.49 5 5 4.2∙10–1 2334.21 6 6 2.2
4406.64 10 10 2.2∙10–1 2884.78 3 3 5.6∙10–1 2337.13 4 4 2.7
4407.63 8 8 4.4∙10–1 2889.61 3 1 1.9 2343.10 6 8 3.6
4408.20 6 6 6.0∙10–1 2891.64 5 3 1.4 2358.73 6 8 4.2


λ λ λ
Atomic
2366.31 8 10 4.2 1418.53 7 7 5.2
2371.06 10 12 5.2 1419.58 7 9 1.3∙101 Xe II
2373.06 4 6 2.9 1423.72 3 5 7.1 4180.1 4 4 2.2
2382.46 8 10 5.0 1426.65 9 11 2.2∙101 4330.5 6 8 1.4
2393.58 6 8 4.3 1429.11 5 5 5.0 4414.8 6 6 1.0
2404.18 4 6 2.5 1434.84 7 7 5.4 4603.0 4 4 8.2∙10–1
2516.14 10 10 3.7 1451.04 3 3 7.0 4844.3 6 8 1.1
2521.55 8 8 3.5 1454.00 5 3 1.1∙101 4876.5 6 8 6.3∙10–1
2548.21 6 4 2.0 1520.14 5 7 7.2 5260.4 2 4 2.2∙10–1
2554.22 8 6 1.2 1522.49 3 5 5.5 5262.0 4 4 8.5∙10–1
2593.05 6 6 2.8 1601.92 3 3 1.2∙101 5292.2 6 6 8.9∙10–1
2595.10 8 8 2.8 1611.88 7 7 5.2 5372.4 4 2 7.1∙10–1
1806.18 5 3 7.3 5419.2 4 6 6.2∙10–1
V IV 1809.85 3 1 7.2 5439.0 4 2 7.4∙10–1
677.345 9 9 6.7 1817.68 5 3 4.8 5472.6 8 8 9.9∙10–2
680.632 9 7 1.2∙101 1825.84 7 5 5.3 5531.1 8 6 8.8∙10–2
681.145 7 5 1.1∙101 1861.56 5 7 6.6 5719.6 4 6 6.1∙10–2
682.455 7 7 6.5 1939.07 7 9 5.8 5976.5 4 4 2.8∙10–1
682.923 5 5 6.9 1951.43 5 7 5.0 6036.2 6 6 7.5∙10–2
684.450 7 5 7.7 1963.10 3 5 4.8 6051.2 8 6 1.7∙10–1
691.530 5 3 1.1∙101 1997.72 7 7 4.7 6097.6 6 4 2.6∙10–1
723.537 3 1 1.5∙101 2084.43 5 5 4.0 6270.8 4 6 1.8∙10–1
724.068 5 5 1.1∙101 2120.05 7 9 8.1 6277.5 4 6 3.6∙10–2
724.809 5 3 5.6 2141.20 3 5 7.0 6805.7 8 6 6.1∙10–2
737.854 9 7 2.4∙101 2146.83 7 9 6.6 6990.9 10 8 2.7∙10–1
750.110 5 5 1.0∙101 2149.85 5 7 5.1
884.146 1 3 4.7 2151.09 7 9 4.3 Ytterbium
1071.05 5 5 6.1 2155.34 11 13 1.2∙101
Yb I
1110.72 3 3 5.0 2446.80 9 11 5.3
2464.5 1 3 9.1∙10–1
1112.20 7 7 6.3 2570.72 9 11 7.6
2672.0 1 3 1.18∙10–1
1112.44 5 5 5.0 3284.56 7 9 5.3
3464.4 1 3 6.2∙10–1
1127.84 7 5 8.9 3496.42 7 9 4.4
3988.0 1 3 1.76
1131.26 9 7 9.4 3514.25 9 11 4.7
5556.5 1 3 1.14∙10–2
1194.46 7 5 1.0∙101
1226.52 5 5 1.5∙101 Xenon
Yb II
1243.72 3 1 9.4
Xe I 3289.4 2 4 1.8
1247.07 5 3 4.7
1043.8 1 3 5.9∙10–1 3694.2 2 2 1.4
1272.97 3 1 2.7∙101
1047.1 1 3 1.3
1304.17 3 5 1.5∙101
1050.1 1 3 8.5∙10–2 Yttrium
1305.42 5 7 7.0
1056.1 1 3 2.45
1308.06 7 9 7.9 YI
1061.2 1 3 1.9∙10–1
1309.50 5 5 8.7 2984.25 6 8 4.8∙10–1
1068.2 1 3 3.99
1312.72 7 7 8.6 4077.36 4 6 1.1
1085.4 1 3 4.10∙10–1
1317.57 5 7 8.7 4102.36 6 8 1.3
1099.7 1 3 4.34∙10–1
1321.92 7 9 9.9 4128.30 6 6 1.6
1110.7 1 3 1.5
1326.81 3 5 4.0 4142.84 4 4 1.6
1129.3 1 3 4.4∙10–2
1329.29 5 5 1.5∙101 4167.51 6 6 2.38∙10–1
1170.4 1 3 1.6
1329.97 3 3 4.8 4235.93 6 4 3.0∙10–1
1192.0 1 3 6.2
1330.36 1 3 6.0 4379.33 6 4 7.83∙10–1
1250.2 1 3 1.4∙10–1
1331.67 3 1 1.7∙101 4476.95 8 6 2.8∙10–1
1295.6 1 3 2.46
1332.46 5 3 7.5 4514.01 4 6 3.34∙10–1
1469.6 1 3 2.81
1334.49 9 9 8.3 4527.78 8 6 8.33∙10–1
4501.0 5 3 6.2∙10–3
1355.13 7 9 2.5∙101 4544.31 6 6 4.10∙10–1
4524.7 5 5 2.1∙10–3
1356.53 5 3 4.9 4559.36 2 4 4.0∙10–1
4624.3 5 5 7.2∙10–3
1395.00 5 7 1.4∙101 4643.70 4 6 1.8∙10–1
4671.2 5 7 1.0∙10–2
1400.42 5 7 7.5 4653.78 4 6 1.6∙10–1
4807.0 3 1 2.4∙10–2
1403.62 7 9 8.4 4674.85 6 8 1.3∙10–1
7119.6 7 9 6.6∙10–2
1412.69 3 3 1.1∙101 4781.03 8 10 1.0∙10–1
7967.3 1 3 3.0∙10–3
1414.41 5 7 1.2∙101 4799.30 6 8 1.6∙10–1
8409.2 5 3 1.0∙10–2
1414.84 5 5 4.6 4804.31 6 4 2.6∙10–1


λ λ λ
Atomic
4804.80 4 4 3.84∙10–1 3611.04 5 5 1.04 5320.78 9 7 3.9∙10–3

4845.67 8 8 6.8∙10–1 3628.70 5 3 3.3∙10–1 5473.39 3 5 4.3∙10–2
4852.68 6 6 6.2∙10–1 3664.62 7 5 3.7∙10–1 5480.73 1 3 7.62∙10–2
4856.71 6 6 2.0∙10–1 3710.29 7 9 1.5 5497.41 5 5 1.2∙10–1
4859.84 4 4 7.26∙10–1 3747.55 3 3 1.9∙10–1 5509.90 5 5 4.24∙10–2
4893.44 6 4 2.2∙10–1 3774.34 5 7 1.1 5544.61 3 1 1.8∙10–1
4900.08 8 6 2.0∙10–1 3776.56 5 3 2.42∙10–1 5546.01 5 3 5.8∙10–2
4906.11 10 8 1.2∙10–1 3788.70 3 5 8.1∙10–1 5728.89 5 5 3.0∙10–2
5380.63 6 4 3.2∙10–1 3818.34 5 5 9.70∙10–2 6613.74 5 7 1.7∙10–2
5424.36 6 4 3.47∙10–1 3832.90 7 7 3.0∙10–1 6832.48 5 5 3.3∙10–3
5466.47 10 12 6.3∙10–1 3878.29 7 5 2.9∙10–2 7264.16 5 3 1.3∙10–2
5513.65 6 6 2.39∙10–1 3930.66 5 5 2.1∙10–2
5527.56 8 10 5.4∙10–1 3950.36 3 5 2.80∙10–1 Zinc
5606.34 10 10 5.84∙10–2 3951.59 5 3 1.5∙10–2
Zn I
5630.14 4 6 4.9∙10–1 3982.60 5 5 2.7∙10–1
748.29 1 3 6.0∙10–2
5675.27 6 6 9.3∙10–2 4124.91 5 7 1.8∙10–2
765.60 1 3 7.6∙10–2
5732.09 6 6 7.5∙10–2 4177.54 5 5 5.27∙10–1
792.05 1 3 5.7∙10–2
6087.94 6 4 1.1∙10–1 4199.27 3 5 5.36∙10–3
793.85 1 3 1.8∙10–1
6437.17 10 8 4.8∙10–2 4204.69 1 3 2.20∙10–2
809.92 1 3 2.6∙10–1
6538.57 10 10 1.5∙10–1 4235.73 5 5 2.3∙10–2
1109.1 1 3 3.05∙10–1
6815.15 2 4 7.18∙10–2 4309.62 7 5 1.29∙10–1
2138.6 1 3 7.09
7035.15 4 4 6.3∙10–2 4358.73 3 3 5.55∙10–2
3075.9 1 3 3.29∙10–4
4374.95 5 5 9.97∙10–1
3282.3 1 3 9.0∙10–1
Y II 4398.01 5 3 1.16∙10–1
3302.6 3 5 1.2
3112.03 1 3 1.3∙10–2 4422.59 3 1 1.83∙10–1
3302.9 3 3 6.7∙10–1
3179.42 3 5 3.8∙10–2 4682.33 5 5 1.9∙10–2
3345.0 5 7 1.7
3195.62 3 3 8.23∙10–1 4786.58 7 7 2.1∙10–2
3345.6 5 5 4.0∙10–1
3200.27 5 5 4.8∙10–1 4823.31 5 5 4.3∙10–2
3345.9 5 3 4.5∙10–2
3203.32 3 1 2.77 4854.87 5 3 3.9∙10–1
6362.3 3 5 4.74∙10–1
3216.69 5 3 2.0 4881.44 5 3 1.5∙10–3
11054 3 1 2.43∙10–1
3242.28 7 5 2.0 4883.69 9 7 4.7∙10–1
3448.81 5 5 4.1∙10–2 4900.11 7 5 4.51∙10–1
Zn II
3467.88 5 3 2.7∙10–2 4982.13 7 9 1.5∙10–2
2025.5 2 4 3.3
3496.08 1 3 3.49∙10–1 5087.42 9 9 2.0∙10–1
2064.2 2 4 4.6
3549.01 5 7 3.97∙10–1 5119.11 5 7 1.6∙10–2
2099.9 4 6 5.6
3584.51 3 5 4.02∙10–1 5200.41 5 5 1.3∙10–1
2102.2 4 4 9.3∙10–1
3600.74 7 7 1.4 5205.73 7 7 1.6∙10–1
4911.6 4 6 1.6
3601.91 3 3 1.13 5289.82 7 5 6.7∙10–3

ELECTRON AFFINITIES
Thomas M. Miller
Atomic
Electron affinity is defined as the energy difference between and molecular clusters. The policy in this tabulation is to list (in
the lowest (ground) state of the neutral and the lowest state of this order) the electron affinities for atoms, diatoms, triatoms, and
the corresponding negative ion. The accuracy of electron affin- selected polyatomic molecules and clusters. If the adiabatic elec-
ity measurements has been greatly improved since the advent of tron affinity has been determined for a simple cluster, the value
laser photodetachment experiments with negative ions. Electron is given, but the reader is referred to original sources for higher-
affinities can be determined with optical precision, though a order clusters. Additional data on molecular electron affinities
detailed understanding of atomic and molecular states and split- may be found in Lias, S. G., Bartmess, J. E., Liebman, J. F., Holmes,
tings is required to specify the photodetachment threshold cor- J. L., Levin, R. D., and Mallard, W. G., Gas Phase Ion and Neutral
responding to the electron affinity. Thermochemistry, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 17, (Supplement No.
Atomic and molecular electron affinities are discussed in two 1), 1988 and on the NIST WebBook at the Internet address http://
excellent articles reviewing photodetachment studies which webbook.nist.gov/.
appear in Gas Phase Ion Chemistry, Vol. 3, Bowers, M. T., Ed., For the present tabulation, the 2010 CODATA value e/(hc) =
Academic Press, Orlando, 1984: Chapter 21 by Drzaic, P. S., 8065.54429 ± 0.00018 cm–1 eV–1 (http://physics.nist.gov/con-
Marks, J., and Brauman, J. I., “Electron Photodetachment from stants/) has been used to convert electron affinities from the
Gas Phase Negative Ions,” p. 167, and Chapter 22 by Mead, R. units used in spectroscopic work, cm–1, into eV for this table.
D., Stevens, A. E., and Lineberger, W. C., “Photodetachment in Experimental measurements have improved to the level that the
Negative Ion Beams,” p. 213. Persons interested in photodetach- 25 ppb uncertainty in e/(hc) will make a difference in a few cases.
ment details should consult these articles and the critical reviews For this reason, very accurate electron affinities will be given in
of Andersen, T., Haugen, H. K., and Hotop, H., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. cm–1 with the relevant references.
Data 28, 1511, 1999, Hotop, H., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Phys. Abbreviations used in the tables: calc = calculated value; PT =
Chem. Ref. Data 14, 731, 1985, and Andersen, T., Haugen, H. K., photodetachment threshold using a lamp as a light source; LPT
and Hotop, H. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 28, 1511, 1999. For sim- = laser photodetachment threshold; LPES = laser photoelectron
plicity in the tables below, any electron affinity that was discussed spectroscopy; DA = dissociative attachment; attach = electron
in the articles by Drzaic et al. or Hotop and Lineberger is refer- attachment/detachment equilibrium; e-scat = electron scatter-
enced to these sources, where original references are given. ing; kinetic = dissociation kinetics; Knud = Knudsen cell; CT =
The development of cluster-ion photodetachment apparatuses charge transfer; CD = collisional detachment; and ZEKE = zero
has brought an explosion of electron affinity estimates for atomic electron kinetic energy spectroscopy.
Z Formula Name Elec. Aff. (eV) Uncert. (eV) Method Ref.
Atoms (Listed by Atomic Number)

1 H Hydrogen (atomic) 0.75420817 calc 205
H Hydrogen (atomic) 0.754195 0.000019 LPT 89
D Deuterium (atomic) 0.754593 0.000074 LPT 89
D Deuterium (atomic) 0.75465629 calc 205
T Tritium (atomic) 0.75480545 calc 205
2 He Helium not stable calc 1
3 Li Lithium 0.618049 0.000020 LPT 185
4 Be Beryllium not stable calc 1
5 B Boron 0.279723 0.000025 LPES 191
6 C Carbon 1.262119 0.000020 LPT 28
7 N Nitrogen (atomic) not stable DA 1
8 O Oxygen (atomic) 1.4611135 0.0000009 LPT 4
9 F Fluorine (atomic) 3.4011897 0.0000024 LPT 227
10 Ne Neon not stable calc 1
11 Na Sodium 0.547926 0.000025 LPT 1
12 Mg Magnesium not stable e-scat 1
13 Al Aluminum 0.43283 0.00005 LPES 208
14 Si Silicon 1.3895211 0.0000013 LPES 4
15 P Phosphorus 0.746607 0.000010 LPT 377
16 S Sulfur 2.07710403 (32S) 0.00000051 LPT 334
S Sulfur 2.0771043 (34S) 0.0000011 LPT 334
17 Cl Chlorine (atomic) 3.612725 0.000027 LPT 52
18 Ar Argon not stable calc 1
19 K Potassium 0.50147 0.00010 LPT 1
20 Ca Calcium 0.02455 0.00010 LPT 44
21 Sc Scandium 0.188 0.020 LPES 1
10-147

10-148 Electron Affinities

22 Ti Titanium 0.079 0.014 LPES 1
23 V Vanadium 0.525 0.012 LPES 1
Atomic
24 Cr Chromium 0.666 0.012 LPES 1

25 Mn Manganese not stable calc 1
26 Fe Iron 0.151 0.003 LPES 27
27 Co Cobalt 0.662 0.003 LPES 27
28 Ni Nickel 1.156 0.010 LPES 1
29 Cu Copper 1.235 0.005 LPES 37
30 Zn Zinc not stable e-scat 1
31 Ga Gallium 0.43 0.03 LPES 183
32 Ge Germanium 1.232712 0.000015 LPES 28
33 As Arsenic 0.804 0.002 LPES 352
34 Se Selenium 2.020670 0.000025 LPT 1
35 Br Bromine (atomic) 3.3635882 0.0000019 LPT 74
36 Kr Krypton not stable calc 1
37 Rb Rubidium 0.48592 0.00002 LPT 1
38 Sr Strontium 0.048 0.006 LPT 122
39 Y Yttrium 0.307 0.012 LPES 1
40 Zr Zirconium 0.426 0.014 LPES 1
41 Nb Niobium 0.916 0.005 LPES 311
42 Mo Molybdenum 0.748 0.002 LPES 127
43 Tc Technetium 0.55 0.20 calc 1
44 Ru Ruthenium 1.05 0.15 calc 1
45 Rh Rhodium 1.137 0.008 LPES 1
46 Pd Palladium 0.562 0.005 LPES 116
47 Ag Silver 1.302 0.007 LPES 1
48 Cd Cadmium not stable e-scat 1
49 In Indium 0.3 0.2 PT 1
50 Sn Tin 1.112067 0.000015 LPES 28
51 Sb Antimony 1.046 0.005 LPES 108
52 Te Tellurium 1.970876 0.000007 LPT 261
53 I Iodine (atomic) 3.0590368 0.0000010 LPES 92
54 Xe Xenon not stable calc 1
55 Cs Cesium 0.471626 0.000025 LPT 1
56 Ba Barium 0.14462 0.00006 LPT 195
57 La Lanthanum 0.47 0.02 LPT 184
58 Ce Cerium 0.65 0.03 LPT 269
59 Pr Praseodymium 0.962 0.024 LPES 225
60 Nd Neodymium >1.916 LPES 342
63 Eu Europium 0.864 0.024 LPES 268
65 Tb Terbium >1.165 LPES 342
66 Dy Dysprosium >0 LPES 342
69 Tm Thulium 1.029 0.022 LPES 264
70 Yb Ytterbium -0.020 calc 196
71 Lu Lutetium 0.34 0.01 LPT 223
72 Hf Hafnium 0.014 calc 343
73 Ta Tantalum 0.322 0.012 LPES 1
74 W Tungsten 0.81626 0.00007 LPES 360
75 Re Rhenium 0.15 0.15 calc 1
76 Os Osmium 1.1 0.2 calc 1
77 Ir Iridium 1.5638 0.0005 LPT 141
78 Pt Platinum 2.128 0.002 LPT 1
79 Au Gold 2.30863 0.00003 LPT 1
80 Hg Mercury not stable e-scat 1
81 Tl Thallium 0.377 0.013 LPES 341
82 Pb Lead 0.364 0.008 LPES 1
83 Bi Bismuth 0.942362 0.000013 LPT 262
84 Po Polonium 1.9 0.3 calc 1
85 At Astatine 2.8 0.2 calc 1
86 Rn Radon not stable calc 1
87 Fr Francium 0.46 calc 82

Electron Affinities 10-149

89 Ac Actinium 0.35 calc 207
114 Fl Flerovium <0 calc 354
Atomic
118 Uuo Ununoctium 0.056 0.01 calc 140
121 Ubu Unbiunium 0.57 calc 207
Atomic Families
57-71 Lanthanides calc 355
89-103 Actinides calc 355
Diatomic Molecules (Listed by Formula)

Ag2 Disilver 1.023 0.007 LPES 37
AgO Silver(II) oxide 1.654 0.002 LPES 297
Al2 Dialuminum 1.10 0.15 LPES 68
AlO Aluminum monoxide 2.60 0.02 LPES 143
AlP Aluminum phosphide 2.043 0.020 LPES 218
AlS Aluminum monosulfide 2.60 0.03 LPES 129
As2 Diarsenic 0.739 0.008 LPES 200
AsH Arsenic monohydride 1.0 0.1 PT 2
AsO Arsenic monoxide 1.286 0.008 LPES 198
Au2 Digold 1.938 0.007 LPES 37
AuH Gold hydride 0.758 0.020 LPES 276
AuO Gold monoxide 2.374 0.007 LPES 282
AuPd Gold palladium 1.88 LPES 220
AuS Gold monosulfide 2.469 0.006 LPES 282
BN Boron nitride 3.160 0.005 LPES 189
BO Boron monoxide 2.508 0.008 LPES 6
BeH Beryllium monohydride 0.7 0.1 PT 2
Bi2 Dibismuth 1.271 0.008 LPES 119
Br2 Bromine 2.55 0.10 CT 2
BrO Bromine monoxide 2.353 0.006 LPES 88
C2 Dicarbon 3.269 0.006 LPES 87
CH Methylidyne 1.238 0.008 LPES 2
CN Cyanide 3.862 0.004 LPES 111
CRh Rhodium carbide (RhC) 1.46 0.02 LPES 206
CS Carbon monosulfide 0.205 0.021 LPES 2
CaH Calcium monohydride 0.93 0.05 PT 2
Cl2 Chlorine 2.38 0.10 CT 2
ClO Chlorine oxide (ClO) 2.2775 0.0013 LPES 339
Co2 Dicobalt 1.110 0.008 LPES 27
CoH Cobalt hydride (CoH) 0.671 0.010 LPES 29
CoD Cobalt hydride (CoD) 0.680 0.010 LPES 29
Cr2 Dichromium 0.505 0.005 LPES 114
CrH Chromium monohydride 0.563 0.010 LPES 29
CrD Chromium monohydride-d 0.568 0.010 LPES 29
CrO Chromium monoxide 1.221 0.006 LPES 5
Cs2 Dicesium 0.469 0.015 LPES 104
CsCl Cesium chloride 0.455 0.010 LPES 30
CsO Cesium monoxide 0.273 0.012 LPES 133
Cu2 Dicopper 0.836 0.006 LPES 37
CuH Copper(I) hydride 0.444 0.006 LPES 308
CuD Copper(I) hydride-d 0.439 0.006 LPES 308
CuO Copper(II) oxide 1.777 0.006 LPES 118
F2 Fluorine 3.01 0.07 kinetic 331
OF Fluorine oxide 2.272 0.006 LPES 88
Fe2 Diiron 0.902 0.008 LPES 27
FeH Iron hydride (FeH) 0.934 0.011 LPES 9
FeD Iron hydride (FeD) 0.932 0.015 LPES 9
FeO Iron(II) oxide 1.493 0.005 LPES 45
GaAs Gallium arsenide 1.949 0.020 LPES 218
GaO Gallium monoxide 2.612 0.008 LPES 279
GaP Gallium phosphide 1.988 0.020 LPES 218
Ge2 Digermanium 2.035 0.001 LPES 123


I2 Iodine 2.524 0.015 LPES 305
IBr Iodine bromide 2.512 0.003 LPES 350
Atomic
IO Iodine monoxide 2.378 0.006 LPES 88

InBi Indium bismuthide 1.72 LPES 364
InP Indium phosphide 1.845 0.020 LPES 218
K2 Dipotassium 0.497 0.012 LPES 104
KBr Potassium bromide 0.642 0.010 LPES 30
KCl Potassium chloride 0.582 0.010 LPES 30
KCs Cesium potassium 0.471 0.020 LPES 104
KI Potassium iodide 0.728 0.010 LPES 30
RbK Potassium rubidium 0.486 0.020 LPES 104
LiCl Lithium chloride 0.593 0.010 LPES 30
LiH Lithium hydride 0.342 0.012 LPES 102
LiD Lithium hydride-d 0.337 0.012 LPES 102
MgCl Magnesium monochloride 1.589 0.011 LPES 31
MgH Magnesium monohydride 1.05 0.06 PT 2
MgI Magnesium monoiodide 1.899 0.018 LPES 31
MgO Magnesium oxide 1.630 0.025 LPES 178
MnH Manganese monohydride 0.869 0.010 LPES 9
MnD Manganese monohydride-d 0.866 0.010 LPES 9
MnO Manganese(II) oxide 1.375 0.010 LPES 158
MoO Molybdenum monoxide 1.290 0.006 LPES 127
NH Imidogen 0.370 0.004 LPT 32
NO Nitric oxide 0.026 0.005 LPES 73
NRh Rhodium nitride (RhN) 1.51 0.02 LPES 206
NS Nitrogen sulfide 1.194 0.011 LPES 2
Na2 Disodium 0.430 0.015 LPES 104
NaBr Sodium bromide 0.788 0.010 LPES 30
NaCl Sodium chloride 0.727 0.010 LPES 30
NaF Sodium fluoride 0.520 0.010 LPES 30
NaI Sodium iodide 0.865 0.010 LPES 30
NaK Potassium sodium 0.465 0.030 LPES 104
NbO Niobium(II) oxide 1.29 0.02 LPES 174
Ni2 Dinickel 0.926 0.010 LPES 112
NiCu Copper nickel (CuNi) 0.889 0.010 LPES 128
NiAg Nickel silver (NiAg) 0.979 0.010 LPES 128
NiH Nickel monohydride 0.481 0.007 LPES 29
NiD Nickel monohydride-d 0.477 0.007 LPES 29
NiO Nickel(II) oxide 1.470 0.003 LPES 146
O2 Oxygen 0.450 0.002 LPES 222
OH Hydroxyl 1.8276488 0.0000009 LPT 226
OD Hydroxyl-d 1.825533 0.000037 LPT 142
P2 Diphosphorus 0.589 0.025 LPES 42
PH Phosphorus monohydride 1.027 0.006 LPES 206
PO Phosphorus monoxide 1.092 0.010 LPES 2
Pb2 Dilead 1.366 0.010 LPES 117
PbO Lead(II) oxide (litharge) 0.722 0.006 LPES 105
PbS Lead(II) sulfide 1.049 0.010 LPES 228
Pd2 Dipalladium 1.685 0.008 LPES 112
PdCo Cobalt palladium (CoPd) 0.604 0.010 LPES 160
PdO Palladium(II) oxide 1.570 0.006 LPES 290
Pt2 Diplatinum 1.898 0.008 LPES 112
PtN Platinum nitride (PtN) 1.240 0.010 LPES 46
Rb2 Dirubidium 0.498 0.015 LPES 104
RbCl Rubidium chloride 0.544 0.010 LPES 30
RbCs Cesium rubidium 0.478 0.020 LPES 104
Re2 Dirhenium 1.571 0.008 LPES 33
RhO Rhodium monoxide 1.58 0.02 LPES 206
S2 Disulfur 1.670 0.015 LPES 53
SF Sulfur monofluoride 2.285 0.006 LPES 93
SH Mercapto 2.3147282 0.0000015 LPT 47


SD Mercapto-d 2.315 0.002 LPES 10
SO Sulfur monoxide 1.125 0.005 LPES 84
Atomic
Sb2 Diantimony 1.282 0.008 LPES 108
ScO Scandium monoxide 1.35 0.02 LPES 171
Se2 Diselenium 1.94 0.07 LPES 38
SeH Selenium monohydride 2.212519 0.000025 LPT 48
SeO Selenium monoxide 1.456 0.020 LPES 41
Si2 Disilicon 2.201 0.010 LPES 100
SiF Fluorosilylidyne 0.81 0.02 LPES 278
SiH Silylidyne 1.277 0.009 LPES 2
SiN Silicon nitride 2.949 0.008 LPES 274
Sn2 Ditin 1.962 0.010 LPES 117
SnO Tin(II) oxide 0.598 0.006 LPES 168
SnPb Lead tin (PbSn) 1.569 0.008 LPES 117
TaO Tantalum monoxide 1.07 0.06 LPES 360
Te2 Ditellurium 1.92 0.07 LPES 38
TeH Tellurium monohydride 2.102 0.015 LPES 39
TeO Tellurium monoxide 1.697 0.022 LPES 40
TiO Titanium(II) oxide 1.30 0.03 LPES 172
VO Vanadium(II) oxide 1.229 0.008 LPES 170
YO Yttrium monoxide 1.35 0.02 LPES 171
ZnF Zinc monofluoride 1.974 0.008 LPES 179
ZnH Zinc monohydride <0.95 PT 2
ZnO Zinc oxide 2.087 0.008 LPES 179
ZrO Zirconium(II) oxide 1.3 0.3 LPES 173
Triatomic Molecules (Listed by Formula)

Ag3 Silver trimer 2.32 0.05 LPES 37
AgCN Silver(I) cyanide 1.588 0.010 LPES 163
Al3 Aluminum trimer 1.916 0.004 LPES 332
AlO2 Aluminum oxide [AlO2] 4.23 0.02 LPES 143
AlP2 Aluminum phosphide [AlP2] 1.933 0.007 LPES 217
AlTiO Aluminum titanium oxide [AlTiO] 1.70 0.08 LPES 359
Al2N Aluminum nitride (Al2N) 2.571 0.008 LPES 297
Al2P Aluminum phosphide (Al2P) 2.513 0.020 LPES 217
Al2S Aluminum sulfide (Al2S) 0.80 0.12 LPES 129
As3 Arsenic trimer 1.45 0.03 LPES 200
AsH2 Arsenic hydride [AsH2] 1.27 0.03 PT 2
Au3 Gold trimer 3.7 0.3 LPES 37
AuBO Gold-boron oxide complex (AuBO) 1.46 0.02 LPES 336
AuBr2 Gold dibromide 4.46 0.07 LPES 294
AuCl2 Gold dichloride 4.60 0.07 LPES 294
AuI2 Gold diiodide 4.226 0.010 LPES 372
AuOH Gold hydroxide (AuOH) 1.771 0.015 LPES 336
AuO2 Gold dioxide 3.40 0.03 LPES 373
AuS2 Gold disulfide (SAuS) 3.42 0.03 LPES 373
AuS2 Gold disulfide (AuSS) 2.24 0.03 LPES 373
Au2H Gold hydride (Au2H) 3.437 0.003 LPES 276
Au2Pd Gold palladium (Au2Pd) 3.80 LPES 220
B3 Boron trimer 2.82 0.02 LPES 221
BO2 Boron dioxide 4.46 0.03 LPES 338
B2N Boron nitride (B2N) 3.098 0.005 LPES 193
Bi3 Bismuth trimer 1.60 0.03 LPES 119
BiIn2 Bismuth-indium complex (BiIn2) 2.13 LPES 364
Bi2In Bismuth-indium complex (Bi2In) 2.11 LPES 364
C3 Carbon trimer 1.981 0.020 LPES 11
CBr2 Dibromomethylene 1.78 0.10 LPES 249
CCl2 Dichloromethylene 1.593 0.006 LPES 249
CF2 Difluoromethylene 0.180 0.020 LPES 235
CH2 Methylene 0.652 0.006 LPES 12
CD2 Methylene-d2 0.645 0.006 LPES 12
CI2 Diiodomethylene 2.09 0.07 LPES 235


CHBr Bromomethylene 1.454 0.005 LPES 95
CHCl Chloromethylene 1.210 0.005 LPES 95
Atomic
CHF Fluoromethylene 0.542 0.005 LPES 95

CDF Fluoromethylene-d 0.535 0.005 LPES 95
CHI Iodomethylene 1.42 0.17 LPES 95
C2H Ethynyl 2.969 0.006 LPES 87
C2N Carbon nitride (CCN) 2.7489 0.0010 LPES 346
C2Nb Niobium carbide [NbC2] 1.380 0.025 LPES 243
CCO Dicarbon monoxide 2.3107 0.0006 LPES 323
CCS Dicarbon monosulfide 2.7475 0.0006 LPES 323
CS2 Carbon disulfide 0.58 0.05 LPES 278
ClO2 Chlorine dioxide 2.1451 0.0025 LPES 339
ClO2 Chlorine superoxide (ClOO) 1.6600 0.0002 LPES 339
CoH2 Cobalt hydride [CoH2] 1.450 0.014 LPES 34
CoD2 Cobalt hydride-d2 [CoD2] 1.465 0.013 LPES 34
CrH2 Chromium hydride [CrH2] >2.5 LPES 34
Cr2H Hydrodichromium 1.474 0.005 LPES 107
Cr2D Hydro-d-dichromium 1.464 0.005 LPES 107
CrO2 Chromium oxide radical (OCrO) 2.413 0.008 LPES 144
CrO2 Chromium oxide radical [Cr(O2)] 1.5 0.06 LPES 241
Cr2O Chromium oxide (Cr2O) 0.9 0.1 LPES 306
Cs3 Cesium trimer 0.864 0.030 LPES 18
CsI2 Cesium diiodide 4.52 0.02 LPES 372
Cu3 Copper trimer 2.11 0.05 LPES 37
CuBr2 Copper(II) bromide 4.35 0.05 LPES 177
CuCN Copper(I) cyanide 1.466 0.010 LPES 163
CuCl2 Copper(II) chloride 4.35 0.05 LPES 177
CuH2 Copper(II) hydride 2.60 0.05 LPES 308
CuD2 Copper(II) hydride-d 2.60 0.05 LPES 308
CuI2 Copper(II) iodide 4.256 0.010 LPES 372
Fe3 Iron trimer 1.43 0.06 LPES 149
FeC2 Iron carbide [FeC2] 1.9782 0.0006 LPES 254
FeCO Iron carbonyl (FeCO) 1.157 0.005 LPES 103
FeH2 Iron hydride [FeH2] 1.049 0.014 LPES 34
FeD2 Iron hydride-d2 [FeD2] 1.038 0.013 LPES 34
FeO2 Iron oxide [FeO2] 2.358 0.030 LPES 130
Fe2H Iron hydride (Fe2H) 0.564 0.019 LPES 254
Fe2O Iron oxide (Fe2O) 1.60 0.02 LPES 152
GaAs2 Gallium arsenide [GaAs2] 1.894 0.033 LPES 192
GaP2 Gallium phosphide [GaP2] 1.666 0.041 LPES 192
Ga2As Gallium arsenide (Ga2As) 2.428 0.020 LPES 192
Ga2N Gallium nitride (Ga2N) 2.506 0.008 LPES 302
Ga2P Gallium phosphide (Ga2P) 2.481 0.015 LPES 192
Ge3 Germanium trimer 2.23 0.01 LPES 123
GeH2 Germylene 1.097 0.015 LPES 28
HCO Oxomethyl (HCO) 0.313 0.005 LPES 35
DCO Oxomethyl-d (DCO) 0.301 0.005 LPES 35
HCl2 Hydrogen chloride [HCl2] 4.896 0.005 LPES 69
HNO Nitrosyl hydride 0.338 0.015 LPES 14
DNO Nitrosyl hydride-d 0.330 0.015 LPES 14
HO2 Hydroperoxy 1.078 0.006 LPES 15
DO2 Hydroperoxy-d 1.077 0.005 LPES 15
HS2 Thiosulfeno 1.916 0.015 LPES 347
DS2 Thiosulfeno-d 1.918 0.015 LPES 347
HfO2 Hafnium(IV) oxide 2.14 0.03 LPES 319
I3 Iodine trimer 4.226 0.013 LPES 162
InP2 Indium phosphide [InP2] 1.61 0.05 LPES 137
In2P Indium phosphide (In2P) 2.36 0.05 LPES 137
K3 Potassium trimer 0.956 0.050 LPES 18
MnH2 Manganese hydride [MnH2] 0.444 0.016 LPES 34
MnD2 Manganese hydride-d2 [MnD2] 0.465 0.014 LPES 34


MnO2 Manganese(IV) oxide 2.06 0.03 LPES 158
N3 Nitrogen trimer 2.70 0.12 PT 2
Atomic
N3 Nitrogen trimer 2.68 0.01 LPT 255
NCN Cyanoimidogen 2.484 0.006 LPES 154
NCO Cyanate 3.609 0.005 LPES 111
NCS Thiocyanate 3.537 0.005 LPES 111
NH2 Amidogen 0.771 0.005 LPES 58
N2O Nitrous oxide -0.03 0.10 calc 59
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide 2.273 0.005 LPES 63
(NO)R Nitric oxide-rare gas cluster R=Ar,Kr,Xe LPES 90
Na3 Trisodium 1.019 0.060 LPES 18
Nb3 Niobium trimer 1.032 0.010 LPES 175
Ni3 Nickel trimer 1.41 0.05 LPES 55
NiCN Nickel(I) cyanide 1.771 0.010 LPES 287
NiCO Nickel carbonyl (NiCO) 0.804 0.012 LPES 2
NiH2 Nickel hydride [NiH2] 1.934 0.008 LPES 34
NiD2 Nickel hydride-d2 [NiD2] 1.926 0.007 LPES 34
ONiO Nickel oxide [NiO2] 3.05 0.01 LPES 214
NiO2 Nickel peroxide 0.82 0.03 LPES 214
O3 Ozone 2.1028 0.0025 LPT 2
O2Ar Argon oxide [ArO2] 0.52 0.02 LPES 75
OCS Carbon oxysulfide -0.04 LPES 272
OIO Iodine dioxide 2.577 0.008 LPES 88
PH2 Phosphino 1.263 0.006 LPES 281
P2H Diphosphenyl 1.514 0.010 LPES 281
PO2 Phosphorus dioxide 3.42 0.01 LPES 124
Pb3 Lead trimer 1.70 0.09 LPES 345
Pd3 Palladium trimer <1.5 0.1 LPES 55
PdCN Palladium(I) cyanide 2.543 0.007 LPES 287
PdCO Palladium carbonyl 0.606 0.010 LPES 293
Pt3 Platinum trimer 1.87 0.02 LPES 55
PtCN Platinum(I) cyanide 3.191 0.003 LPES 287
PtCO Platinum carbonyl 1.212 0.010 LPES 293
Rb3 Rubidium trimer 0.920 0.030 LPES 18
ReO2 Rhenium(IV) oxide 2.5 0.1 LPES 216
S3 Sulfur trimer 2.093 0.025 LPES 16
SO2 Sulfur dioxide 1.107 0.008 LPES 16
S2O Sulfur oxide (SSO) 1.877 0.008 LPES 16
Sb3 Antimony trimer 1.85 0.03 LPES 108
ScO2 Scandium dioxide 2.32 0.02 LPES 171
SeO2 Selenium dioxide 1.823 0.050 LPES 38
SiH2 Silylene 1.124 0.020 LPES 2
SiF2 Difluorosilylene 0.10 0.10 LPES 278
Si2F Fluorodisilynylium 1.99 0.28 LPES 17
Si2H Disilynyl 2.31 0.01 LPES 182
Si3 Silicon trimer 2.29 0.02 LPES 110
Sn3 Tin trimer 2.24 0.01 LPES 289
SnCN Tin(I) cyanide 1.922 0.006 LPES 292
Ta3 Tantalum trimer 1.36 0.03 LPES 169
TaO2 Tantalum(IV) oxide 2.40 0.06 LPES 260
TiC2 Titanium carbide [TiC2] 1.542 0.020 LPES 147
TiO2 Titanium(IV) oxide (rutile) 1.59 0.03 LPES 172
V3 Vanadium trimer 1.107 0.010 LPES 176
VO2 Vanadium(IV) oxide 2.3 0.2 CT 101
WO2 Tungsten(IV) oxide 1.998 0.050 LPES 299
YO2 Yttrium dioxide 2.00 0.03 LPES 171
ZrO2 Zirconium(IV) oxide 1.64 0.03 LPES 319
Larger Polyatomic Molecules (Listed by Formula)

Agn Silver cluster n=1-60 LPES 37
Aln Aluminum cluster n=3-32 LPES 68
Al5 Aluminum pentamer 2.23 0.05 LPES 238


AlTiO2 Aluminum titanium oxide [AlTiO2] 1.70 0.08 LPES 358
AlTiO3 Aluminum titanium oxide [AlTiO3] 2.47 0.08 LPES 359
Atomic
Al2C2 Aluminum carbide [Al2C2] 0.64 0.05 LPES 239

Al2TiO2 Aluminum titanium oxide [Al2TiO2] 1.17 0.08 LPES 359
Al2TiO3 Aluminum titanium oxide [Al2TiO3] 2.2 0.1 LPES 359
Al3C Aluminum carbide (Al3C) 2.56 0.06 LPES 161
Al3C2 Aluminum carbide [Al3C2] 2.19 0.03 LPES 244
Al3Ge2 Aluminum germanium [Al3Ge2] 2.43 0.03 LPES 244
Al3Si2 Aluminum silicon [Al3Si2] 2.36 0.03 LPES 244
Al3O Oxotrialuminum 1.00 0.15 LPES 68
Al5O4 Aluminum oxide [Al5O4] 3.50 0.05 LPES 283
Al5O4·H2O Aluminum oxide (Al5O4)-water complex 3.10 0.10 LPES 283
Al6N Aluminum-nitrogen complex (Al6N) 2.58 0.04 LPES 337
Al8N Aluminum-nitrogen complex (Al8N) 2.75 0.05 LPES 348
AlnOm Aluminum oxide cluster n=1,2 m=1-5 LPES 143
AlnOm Aluminum oxide cluster n=3-7 m=2-5 LPES 267
AlnPm Aluminum phosphide cluster n=1-4 m=1-4 LPES 217
AlnSm Aluminum sulfide cluster n=1-5 m=1-3 LPES 129
Ar(H2O)n Argon-water cluster n=2,6,7 LPES 77
ArnBr Argon-bromine cluster n=2-9 ZEKE 212
ArnI Argon-iodine cluster n=2-19 ZEKE 212
As4 Arsenic tetramer <0.8 LPES 200
As5 Arsenic pentamer ≈1.7 LPES 200
As5 Arsenic pentamer ≈3.5 LPES 253
Aun Gold cluster n=1-233 LPES 37
AuBO2 Gold-borate complex (AuBO2) 2.8 0.1 LPES 371
AuF6 Gold fluoride [AuF6] 7.5 estimate CT 98
AuO(BO2) Gold-borate complex (AuO(BO2)) 4.0 0.1 LPES 371
Au(BO2)2 Gold-borate complex (Au(BO2)2) 5.7 0.1 LPES 371
Au2BO Gold-boron oxide complex (Au2BO) 4.32 0.02 LPES 336
Au3BO2 Gold-borate complex (Au3BO2) 3.1 0.1 LPES 371
Au3O(BO2) Gold-borate complex (Au3O(BO2)) 4.9 0.1 LPES 371
Au3BO Gold-boron oxide complex (Au3BO) 3.08 0.02 LPES 336
Au2Br7 Gold-bromine complex 3.52 0.02 LPES 301
Au6 Gold hexamer 2.06 0.02 LPES 288
Au6(CO) Gold hexamer carbonyl 2.04 0.05 LPES 288
Au6(CO)2 Gold hexamer dicarbonyl 2.03 0.05 LPES 288
Au6(CO)3 Gold hexamer tricarbonyl 1.95 0.05 LPES 288
Au12Nb Gold-niobium complex 3.70 0.03 LPES 275
Au12Ta Gold-tantalum complex 3.77 0.03 LPES 275
Au12V Gold-vanadium complex 3.76 0.03 LPES 275
B5 Boron pentamer 2.33 0.02 LPES 245
BH3 Borane(3) 0.038 0.015 LPES 62
BD3 Borane(3)-d3 0.027 0.014 LPES 62
BO2Fen Boron dioxide-iron cluster n=1-5 LPES 358
B3N Boron nitride (B3N) 2.098 0.035 LPES 193
LiB6 Lithium hexaboride 2.3 0.1 LPES 298
Bin Bismuth cluster n=2-9 LPES 213
Bi2In2 Bismuth-indium complex (Bi2In2) 1.82 LPES 364
Bi3Ga Bismuth-gallium complex (Bi3Ga) 1.87 0.06 LPES 363
Bi3Ga2 Bismuth-gallium complex (Bi3Ga2) 2.39 0.05 LPES 363
Bi4 Bismuth tetramer 1.05 0.010 LPES 119
Bi5 Bismuth pentamer 2.87 0.02 LPES 253
Br(CO2) Bromine-carbon dioxide complex 3.582 0.017 LPES 131
Br(H2O)n Bromine-water cluster n=1-4 LPES 250


Cn Carbon cluster n=2-84 LPES 70
CnCr Carbon-chromium cluster n=2-8 LPES 271
Atomic
CnNb Carbon-niobium cluster n=2-7 LPES 243
(CO2)n Carbon dioxide cluster n=1,2 LPES 75
(CS)n Carbon monosulfide cluster n=2 LPES 75
(CS2)n Carbon disulfide cluster n=1,2 LPES 75
CAl3Ge [μ3-(Germanetetraylmethanetetrayl)] 2.70 0.06 LPES 224
trialuminum
CAl3Si [μ3-(Methanetetraylsilanetetrayl)] 2.77 0.06 LPES 224
trialuminum
CCl4 Tetrachloromethane ¾1.14 CT 266
CF3 Trifluoromethyl 1.82 0.05 LPES 187
CF3Br Bromotrifluoromethane 0.91 0.2 CD 2
CF3I Trifluoroiodomethane 1.57 0.2 CD 2
CFO2 Fluorooxomethoxy 4.277 0.030 LPES 131
CHBr2 Dibromomethyl 1.9 0.2 LPES 367
CDBr2 Dibromomethyl-d 1.9 0.2 LPES 367
CHCl2 Dichloromethyl 1.3 0.2 LPES 367
CDCl2 Dichloromethyl-d 1.3 0.2 LPES 367
CHI2 Diiodomethyl 1.9 0.2 LPES 367
CHO2 Formyloxyl 3.4961 0.0010 LPES 109
CDO2 Formyloxyl-d 3.5164 0.0010 LPES 109
CO3(H2O) Carbon oxide (CO3)-water complex 2.1 0.2 PT 2
CH2S Thioformaldehyde 0.465 0.023 LPES 53
CD3S Methyl-d3-sulfoniumylidene 1.856 0.006 LPT 2
CH3 Methyl 0.08 0.03 LPES 2
CH3I Iodomethane 0.11 0.02 LPES 277
CH3NO2 Nitromethane 0.172 0.006 LPES 211
CH3O Methoxy 1.572 0.004 LPES 194
CD3O Methoxy-d3 1.559 0.004 LPES 194
CH3O2 Methyldioxy 1.161 0.005 LPES 188
CD3O2 Methyl-d3-dioxy 1.154 0.004 LPES 188
CH3S Methylthio 1.867 0.004 LPES 166
CH3S2 Methyldithio 1.757 0.022 LPES 53
CD3S2 Methyldithio-d3 1.748 0.022 LPES 53
CH3Si Methylsilylidyne 0.852 0.010 LPES 97
CH2=SiH Methylenesilyl 2.010 0.010 LPES 97
CH3NH Methylamidogen 0.432 0.015 LPES 215
CH5Si Methylsilyl 1.19 0.04 LPT 65
CO3 Carbon oxide [CO3] 2.69 0.14 LPES 2
C2F2 Difluorovinylidene 2.255 0.006 LPES 106
C2HO Oxoethenyl 2.338 0.008 LPES 190
C2DO Oxoethenyl-d 2.350 0.020 LPES 13
C2HF Fluorovinylidene 1.718 0.006 LPES 106
C2HN Cyanomethylene 2.003 0.014 LPES 219
C2DN Cyanomethylene-d 2.009 0.020 LPES 219
C2HN Isocyanomethylene 1.883 0.013 LPES 219
C2DN Isocyanomethylene-d 1.877 0.010 LPES 219
PdC2HN Cyanomethylenepalladium 2.17 0.03 LPES 291
PdC2H Palladium(I) acetylide 1.98 0.03 LPES 287
PtC2H Platinum(I) acetylide 2.650 0.010 LPES 287
C2HFe Ethynyliron 1.4512 0.0025 LPES 254
C2HNi Ethynylnickel 1.063 0.019 LPES 254
C2H2 Vinylidene 0.490 0.006 LPES 83
C2HD Vinylidene-d1 0.489 0.006 LPES 83
C2D2 Vinylidene-d2 0.492 0.006 LPES 83
C2H2FO Acetyl fluoride enolate 2.22 0.09 PT 2
C2H2BrO2 Bromoacetate (CH2BrCOO) 3.97 0.03 LPES 310
C2H2ClO2 Chloroacetate (CH2ClCOO) 3.93 0.03 LPES 310
C2H2FO2 Fluoroacetate (CH2FCOO) 3.80 0.03 LPES 310
HFeC2H Ethynylhydroiron 1.328 0.019 LPES 254
CH2CN Cyanomethyl 1.548 0.005 LPES 21


CD2CN Cyanomethyl-d2 1.538 0.012 LPES 21
CH2NC Isocyanomethyl 1.059 0.024 LPES 21
Atomic
CD2NC Isocyanomethyl-d2 1.070 0.024 LPES 21

C2H2N3 1,2,3-Triazolyl 3.447 0.004 LPES 316
HNiC2H Ethynylhydronickel 2.531 0.005 LPES 287
C2H3 Vinyl 0.667 0.024 LPES 90
C2H3Fe Ethynyldihydroiron 1.587 0.019 LPES 254
C2H3Ni Ethynyldihydronickel 1.103 0.019 LPES 254
C2H3O Acetaldehyde enolate 1.8249 0.0012 LPT 22
C2D3O Acetaldehyde-d3 enolate 1.8191 0.0012 LPT 22
C2H5N Ethylnitrene 0.56 0.01 PT 2
C2H5NO2 Nitroethane 0.3 0.2 LPES 322
(C2H5NO2)n Nitroethane cluster n=0-4 LPES 322
C2H5O Ethoxy 1.712 0.004 LPES 194
C2D5O Ethoxy-d5 1.699 0.004 LPES 194
C2H5O2 Ethyldioxy 1.186 0.004 LPES 188
C2H5S Ethylthio 1.953 0.006 LPT 2
C2H5S (Methylthio)methyl 0.868 0.051 LPES 53
C2H7O2 Methanol-methoxy complex 2.26 0.08 PT 50
C3Fe 1,2-Propadiene-1,3-diylideneferrate 1.69 0.08 LPES 132
C3H Cyclopropenylidyne 1.999 0.003 LPES 315
C3D Cyclopropenylidyne-d 1.997 0.005 LPES 315
C3HFe 2-Propynylidyneferrate 1.58 0.06 LPES 132
CH2CC Propadienylidene 1.794 0.008 LPES 153
C3H2F3O 1,1,1-Trifluoroacetone enolate 2.625 0.010 LPT 113
CH3CC 1-Propynyl 2.7355 0.0010 LPES 311
CD3CC 1-Propynyl-d3 2.7300 0.0010 LPES 311
CH2CCH 2-Propynyl 0.918 0.008 LPES 153
C3H2D 2-Propynyl-d1 0.88 0.15 LPES 24
C3D2H 2-Propynyl-d2 0.907 0.023 LPES 24
C3H4N 1-Cyanoethyl 1.247 0.012 LPES 21
C3H5 Allyl 0.481 0.008 LPES 138
C3H4D Allyl-d1 0.373 0.019 LPES 25
C3D5 Allyl-d5 0.464 0.006 LPES 138
C3H5 Cyclopropyl 0.397 0.069 kinetic 155
C3H5O Acetone enolate 1.758 0.019 LPT 113
C3H5O Propanal enolate 1.621 0.006 LPT 113
C3H5O2 Methyl acetate enolate 1.80 0.06 PT 2
C3H7O Propoxy 1.789 0.033 LPES 23
C3H7O Isopropoxy 1.847 0.004 LPES 194
C3H7S Propylthio 2.00 0.02 PT 2
C3H7S Isopropylthio 2.02 0.02 PT 2
C3N2 Dicyanocarbene <3.25 0.05 LPES 237
O=C=C=C: 3-Oxo-1,3-propadienylidene 1.237 0.003 LPES 351
C3O2 Carbon suboxide 0.85 0.15 LPES 11
C3S 3-Thioxo-1,2-propadienylidene 1.5957 0.0010 LPES 351
C3Ti Titanium carbide [TiC3] 1.561 0.015 LPES 147
C4F4Cl2 1,2-Dichloro-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorocyclobutene 0.87 0.08 attach 258
C4F4O3 3,3,4,4-Tetrafluorodihydro-2,5-furandione 0.5 0.2 CD 2
c-C4F8 Perfluorocyclobutane 0.63 0.05 attach 256
C4Fe 1,2,3-Butatriene-1,4-diylideneferrate <2.2 0.2 LPES 132
C4H 1,3-Butadiynyl radical 3.5332 0.0010 LPES 314
C4D 1,4-Butadiynyl-d 3.5308 0.0012 LPES 314
HC4Fe 1,3-Butadiynylferrate 1.67 0.06 LPES 132
C4H2Fe [(1,2-η)-1,3-Butadiyne]iron 1.633 0.019 LPES 254
C4H2O3 Maleic anhydride 1.44 0.10 CT 61
C4H3Fe Acetylene-iron complex 1.182 0.019 LPES 254
C4H3Ni Acetylene-nickel complex 0.824 0.019 LPES 254
C4H4 Vinylvinylidene 0.914 0.015 LPES 125
C4D4 Vinylvinylidene-d4 0.909 0.015 LPES 125
C4H4N 1H-Pyrrol-1-yl 2.145 0.010 LPES 265


NO·C4H4N2 Nitric oxide-pyrimidine complex 0.75 LPT 285
C4H4N3O Cytosine, deprotonated 3.037 0.015 LPES 309
Atomic
C4H5O Cyclobutanone enolate 1.801 0.008 LPT 113
C4H6 Trimethylenemethane 0.431 0.006 LPES 135
C4H6O2 2,3-Butanedione 0.69 0.10 CT 61
C4H7 2-Methylallyl 0.505 0.006 LPES 138
C4H6D 2-Methylallyl-d7 0.493 0.008 LPES 138
C4H7O Butanal enolate 1.67 0.05 PT 2
C4H5DO 2-Butanone-3-d1 enolate 1.67 0.05 PT 2
C4H4D2O 2-Butanone-3,3-d2 enolate 1.75 0.06 PT 2
C4H9O tert-Butoxyl 1.909 0.004 LPES 194
C4H9S Butylthio 2.03 0.02 PT 2
C4H9S tert-Butylthio 2.07 0.02 PT 2
C4N Carbon nitride (CCCCN) 3.1113 0.0010 LPES 346
C4O 4-Oxo-1,2,3-butatrienylidene 2.05 0.15 LPES 11
C4O2 1,2,3-Butatriene-1,4-dione 2.0 0.2 LPES 11
C4Ti Titanium carbide [TiC4] 1.494 0.020 LPES 147
C5 Carbon pentamer 2.853 0.001 LPT 99
C5F5N Perfluoropyridine 0.70 0.05 attach 259
C5F6O3 Hexafluoroglutaric anhydride 1.5 0.2 CD 2
C5H 2,4-Pentadiynylidyne 2.421 0.019 LPES 317
C5H Pentacyclopentyl 2.857 0.028 LPES 317
C5HF4N Tetrafluoropyridine 0.40 0.08 attach 259
C5H5 Cyclopentadienyl 1.804 0.007 LPES 11
C5D5 Cyclopentadienyl-d5 1.790 0.008 LPES 11
(C5H5N)nCom Cobalt-pyridine cluster n=1-4 m=1-3 LPES 327
O2·C5H5N Oxygen-pyridine complex 1.39 LPES 285
NO·C5H5N Nitric oxide-pyridine complex 0.62 LPES 285
C5H7 2,4-Pentadienyl 0.91 0.03 PT 2
C5H7N2O2 Thymine, deprotonated 3.250 0.015 LPES 309
O2·C5H5N·H2O Oxygen-pyridine-water complex 1.87 LPES 285
C5H7O Cyclopentanone enolate 1.598 0.007 LPT 113
C5H9O 3-Pentanone enolate 1.69 0.05 PT 2
C5H11O Neopentoxyl 1.93 0.05 LPT 2
C5H11S Pentylthio 2.09 0.02 PT 2
C5O2 1,2,3,4-Pentatetraene-1,5-dione 1.2 0.2 LPES 11
C5Ti Titanium carbide (TiC5) 1.748 0.050 LPES 147
C6 Carbon hexamer 4.180 0.001 LPT 8
C6Br4O2 Tetrabromobenzoquinone 2.44 0.20 CT 2
C6Cl4O2 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4- 2.78 0.10 CT 61
dione
C6F4O2 Tetrafluorobenzoquinone 2.70 0.10 CT 61
C6F5Br Bromopentafluorobenzene 1.15 0.11 CT 67
C6F5Cl Chloropentafluorobenzene 0.75 0.05 attach 260
C6F5I Pentafluoroiodobenzene 1.41 0.11 CT 67
C6F5NO2 Perfluoronitrobenzene 1.52 0.11 CT 67
C6F6 Hexafluorobenzene 0.53 0.05 attach 257
C6F10 Perfluorocyclohexene >1.4 0.3 CT 2
C6H2Cl2O2 2,6-Dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione 2.48 0.10 CT 61
C6H2O2 Benzynequinone 1.859 0.005 LPES 232
C6H3F2NO2 2,4-Difluoro-1-nitrobenzene 1.17 0.10 CT 61
C6H3O2 Benzoquinonide <2.18 LPES 232
C6H4 Benzyne 0.560 0.010 LPES 36
C6D4 Benzyne-d4 0.551 0.010 LPES 36
C6H4BrNO2 1-Bromo-2-nitrobenzene 1.16 0.10 CT 61
C6H4ClNO2 1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene 1.14 0.10 CT 61
C6H4ClO 2-Chlorophenoxyl =2.58 0.08 PT 2


C6H4FNO2 1-Fluoro-2-nitrobenzene 1.07 0.10 CT 61
Atomic

C6H4N2O4 1,2-Dinitrobenzene 1.65 0.10 CT 61
C6H4O2 p-Benzoquinone 1.860 0.005 LPES 284
C6H5 Phenyl 1.096 0.006 LPES 26
C6D5 Phenyl-d5 1.092 0.020 LPES 26
C6H5N Phenylimidogen 1.429 0.011 LPT 115
C6D5N Phenylimidogen-d5 1.44 0.02 LPES 96
C6H5NH Anilino 1.70 0.03 PT 2
C6H5NO2 Nitrobenzene 1.00 0.01 LPES 164
C6H5O Phenoxy 2.253 0.006 LPES 26
C6H5S Phenylthio <2.47 0.06 PT 2
(C6H6)nCom Cobalt-benzene cluster n=1-4 m=1-5 LPES 326
(C6H6)nFem Iron-benzene cluster n=1-4 m=1-7 LPES 329
NO·C6H6 Nitric oxide-benzene complex 0.44 LPES 285
O2·C6H6 Oxygen-benzene complex 1.06 LPES 285
(C6H6)n Benzene cluster n=53-124 LPES 248
(C7H8)n Toluene cluster n=33-139 LPES 248
C6H7 Methylcyclopentadienyl <1.67 0.04 PT 2
(CH2)2CC(CH2)2 Tetramethyleneethane 0.855 0.010 LPES 203
C6H8Si Phenylsilane 1.435 0.004 LPT 65
CH2=C(CH3)- 1,1,2-Trimethylene-2-methylethane 0.654 0.010 LPES 203
C(CH2)2
C6H9O Cyclohexanone enolate 1.526 0.010 LPT 113
C6H10 tert-Butylvinylidene 0.645 0.015 LPES 126
C6H11O Pinacolone enolate 1.755 +0.05/-0.005 LPT 113
C6H11O 3,3-Dimethylbutanal enolate 1.82 0.06 PT 2
C6N Carbon nitride (CCCCCCN) 3.3715 0.0010 LPES 346
C6N4 Tetracyanoethene 2.3 0.3 PT 2
C6O6 Carbon monoxide trimer 2.54 0.05 LPES 333
C7F5N Pentafluorobenzonitrile 1.11 0.11 CT 67
C7F8 Perfluorotoluene 0.86 0.11 CT 67
C7F14 Perfluoromethylcyclohexane 1.06 0.10 CT 56
C7HF5O Pentafluorobenzaldehyde 1.10 0.11 CT 67
C7H3N3O4 3,5-Dinitrobenzonitrile 2.16 0.10 CT 61
C7H4F3NO2 1-Nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene 1.41 0.10 CT 61
C7H4N2O2 2-Nitrobenzonitrile 1.61 0.10 CT 61
C7H6Br o-Bromobenzyl 1.308 0.008 LPES 167
C7H6Br m-Bromobenzyl 1.307 0.008 LPES 167
C7H6Br p-Bromobenzyl 1.229 0.008 LPES 167
C7H6Cl o-Chlorobenzyl 1.257 0.008 LPES 167
C7H6Cl m-Chlorobenzyl 1.272 0.008 LPES 167
C7H6Cl p-Chlorobenzyl 1.174 0.008 LPES 167
C7H6F o-Fluorobenzyl 1.091 0.008 LPES 167
C7H6F m-Fluorobenzyl 1.173 0.008 LPES 167
C7H6F p-Fluorobenzyl 0.937 0.008 LPES 167
C7H6FO m-Fluoroacetophenone enolate 2.218 0.010 LPT 2
C7H6FO p-Fluoroacetophenone enolate 2.176 0.010 LPT 2
C7H6FeO3 η4-1,3-Butadiene iron tricarbonyl 0.990 0.10 CT 120
C7H6N2O4 4-Methyl-1,2-dinitrobenzene 1.77 0.05 PT 60
C7H6O2 2-Methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione 1.85 0.10 CT 61
C7H7 Benzyl 0.912 0.006 LPES 26
C7H7 1-Quadricyclanide 0.868 0.006 LPES 136


C7H7 2-Quadricyclanide 0.962 0.006 LPES 136
C7H7 Norbornadienide 1.286 0.006 LPES 136
Atomic
C7H7 Cycloheptatrienide 0.39 0.04 LPES 136
C7H7 1-(1,6-Heptadiynide) 3.046 0.006 LPES 136
C7H7 3-(1,6-Heptadiynide) >1.140 0.006 LPES 136
C7H7NO2 2-Nitrotoluene 0.92 0.10 CT 61
C7H7NO3 3-Nitroanisole 1.04 0.10 CT 61
C7H7NO3 4-Nitroanisole 0.91 0.10 CT 61
C7H7O 2-Methylphenoxy <2.36 0.06 PT 2
C7H7O Benzyloxy 2.14 0.02 PT 50
C7H8FO Benzyloxy-hydrogen fluoride complex <3.05 0.06 PT 50
C7H9 2,4,6-Heptatrienyl 1.27 0.03 PT 2
C7H9O 2-Norbornanone enolate 1.61 0.05 PT 2
C7H9Si Methylphenylsilyl 1.33 0.04 LPT 65
C7H11O Cycloheptanone enolate 1.598 0.007 LPT 113
C7H11O 2,5-Dimethylcyclopentanone enolate 1.49 0.04 PT 2
C7H13O 4-Heptanone enolate 1.72 0.06 PT 2
C7H13O Diisopropyl ketone enolate 1.46 0.04 PT 2
C8F14N2 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-1,4- 1.89 0.10 CT 51
benzenedicarbonitrile
C6F5COCH3 Pentafluoroacetophenone 0.88 0.11 CT 67
C8H3F6NO2 1-Nitro-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene 1.79 0.10 CT 61
C8H4F3N 2-(Trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile 0.70 0.05 attach 263
C8H4O3 Phthalic anhydride 1.21 0.10 CT 61
C8H6 1,3,5-Cyclooctatrien-7-yne 1.044 0.008 LPES 148
C8H7 1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraen-1-yl 1.091 0.008 LPES 134
C8H7O Acetophenone enolate 2.057 0.010 PT 2
C8H7O Phenylacetaldehyde enolate 2.10 0.08 LPT 2
C8H8 1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraene 0.55 0.02 CT 134
C8H8 m-Xylylene 0.919 0.008 LPES 139
C8H9NO2 1,3-Dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene 2.61 0.05 PT 60
C8H9NO2 1,2-Dimethyl-3-nitrobenzene 0.86 0.10 CT 61
C8H9NO2 1,3-Dimethyl-5-nitrobenzene 1.21 0.05 PT 60
C8H13O Cyclooctanone enolate 1.63 0.06 PT 2
C8S2 Carbon sulfide [C8S2] 0.049 0.005 LPES 230
C9H8FeO3 η4-1,3-Cyclohexadiene iron tricarbonyl 0.76 0.10 CT 120
C9H9O m-Methylacetophenone enolate 2.030 0.010 LPT 2
(CH3)3SiN Trimethylsilylimidogen 1.43 0.10 PT 2
C9H11NO2 1,3,5-Trimethyl-2-nitrobenzene 0.70 0.10 CT 61
C9H15O Cyclononanone enolate 1.69 0.06 PT 2
C10H4Cl2O2 2,3-Dichloro-1,4-naphthalenedione 2.19 0.10 CT 61
C10H6N2O4 1,3-Dinitronaphthalene 1.78 0.10 CT 61
C10H6N2O4 1,5-Dinitronaphthalene 1.77 0.10 CT 61
C10H6O2 1,4-Naphthalenedione 1.81 0.10 CT 61
C10H7 1-Naphthyl 1.403 0.015 LPES 197
C10H7NO2 1-Nitronaphthalene 1.23 0.10 CT 61
C10H7NO2 2-Nitronaphthalene 1.18 0.10 CT 61
C10H8 Azulene 0.790 0.008 LPES 230
C10H8CrO3 η4-1,3,5-Cycloheptatriene chromium 0.93 0.10 CT 120
tricarbonyl
NO·C10H8 Nitric oxide-naphthalene complex 0.66 LPES 285
O2·C10H8 Oxygen-naphthalene complex 1.41 LPES 285
O2·C10H8·H2O Oxygen-naphthalene-water complex 2.09 LPES 285
O2·C10H8·(H2O)2 Oxygen-naphthalene-water dimer complex 2.72 LPES 285
C10H8FeO3 η4-1,3,5-Cycloheptatriene iron tricarbonyl 0.98 0.10 CT 120
C10H17O Cyclodecanone enolate 1.83 0.06 PT 2
C11H8FeO3 η4-1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraene iron 1.29 0.10 CT 120
tricarbonyl


C12F10 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-Decafluoro-1,1'- 0.82 0.11 CT 67
biphenyl
Atomic
C12H4N4 Tetracyanoquinodimethane 2.8 0.3 CD 2

C13H9 Perinaphthalenyl 1.07 0.10 PT 2
NO·(C6H6)2 Nitric oxide-benzene dimer complex 0.79 LPES 285
C12H15O tert-Butylacetophenone enolate 2.032 0.010 LPT 2
C12H21O Cyclododecanone enolate 1.90 0.07 PT 2
C13F10O Decafluorobenzophenone 1.52 0.11 CT 67
C13H9FO 4-Fluorobenzophenone 0.64 0.10 CT 61
C13H10O Benzophenone 0.62 0.10 CT 61
C14H9NO2 9-Nitroanthracene 1.43 0.10 CT 61
C14H10 Anthracene 0.530 0.005 LPES 286
C14H10·H2O Anthracene-water complex 0.770 0.005 LPES 286
(C14H10)n Anthracene cluster n=1-16 LPES 231
C16H10 Pyrene 0.406 0.010 LPES 270
(C16H10)nCom Cobalt-pyrene cluster n=1,2 m=1,2 LPES 330
C18H12 Chrysene 0.32 0.01 LPES 303
C18H12 Naphthacene 1.058 0.005 CT 66
C20H12 Benzo[a]pyrene 0.79 0.10 CT 66
C20H12 Perylene 0.973 0.005 LPES 236
NO·(C10H8)2 Nitric oxide-naphthalene dimer complex 1.06 LPES 285
C22H14 Pentacene 1.35 0.10 CT 66
Coronene 0.47 0.09 LPES 328
C24H12Co Coronene-cobalt complex 1.15 0.15 LPES 324
C24H12Co2 Coronene-dicobalt complex 1.15 0.10 LPES 324
C24H12Fe Coronene-iron complex 1.06 LPES 324
C24H12Fe2 Coronene-diiron complex 1.59 LPES 324
C44Cl28FeN4 FeTPPCl28 2.59 0.11 CT 186
C44Cl8F20FeN4 FeTPPβCl8 3.21 0.03 CT 186
C44Cl9F20FeN4 FeTPPF20βCl8Cl 3.35 0.03 CT 186
C44H8F20FeN4 FeTPPF20 2.15 0.15 CT 186
C44H8ClF20FeN4 FeTPPF20Cl 3.14 0.03 CT 186
C44H8Cl21FeN4 FeTPPoCl20Cl 2.93 0.23 CT 186
C44H12Cl17FeN4 FeTPPoCl8βCl8Cl 3.14 0.03 CT 186
C44H20Cl8FeN4 FeTPPoCl8 1.86 0.03 CT 186
C44H20Cl9FeN4 FeTPPoCl8Cl 2.10 0.19 CT 186
C44H28FeN4 FeTPP 1.87 0.03 CT 186
C44H28NiN4 NiTPP 1.51 0.01 CT 186
C44H28ClFeN4 FeTPPCl 2.15 0.15 CT 186
C44H30N4 H2TPP 1.69 0.01 CT 186
C45H29NiN4O NiTPPCHO 1.74 0.01 CT 186
C48H24 Coronene dimer 0.67 0.09 LPES 328
C48H24Fe Coronene dimer-iron complex 1.50 LPES 324
C48H24Fe2 Coronene dimer-diiron complex 1.50 LPES 324
C52H39FeN7O FeTPP-val 1.97 0.03 CT 186
C60 Carbon [fullerene-C60] 2.683 0.008 LPES 201
C60F2 Difluorofullerene-C60 2.74 0.07 Knud 202
C64H64FeN8O4 FeTPP-piv 2.07 0.03 CT 186
C70F2 Difluorofullerene-C70 2.80 0.07 Knud 202
CeF4 Cerium(IV) fluoride 3.8 0.4 CT 98
Cl(CO2) Carbonochloridate 3.907 0.010 LPES 131
Cl(H2O)n Chlorine-water cluster n=1-4 LPES 250
ClO3 Chlorine trioxide 4.25 0.10 LPES 340
ClO4 Chlorine tetroxide 5.25 0.10 LPES 340
Con Cobalt cluster n=1-108 LPES 251
CoCO2NO Cobalt-carbon dioxide-nitric oxide complex 1.73 0.03 LPES 199
CoBr3 Cobalt bromide [CoBr3] 4.6 0.1 LPES 249
CoCl3 Cobalt chloride [CoCl3] 4.7 0.1 LPES 249
CoF4 Cobalt fluoride [CoF4] 6.4 0.3 CT 98
Cr(CO)3 Chromium carbonyl [Cr[CO]3] 1.349 0.006 LPES 94
CrO3 Chromium(VI) oxide 3.66 0.02 LPES 241


CrO4 Chromium oxide [CrO4] 4.98 0.09 LPES 241
CrO5 Chromium oxide [CrO5] 4.4 0.1 LPES 241
Atomic
Cr2On Chromium-oxygen cluster n=1-7 LPES 306
CsO4 Cesium oxide [CsO4] 2.5 0.2 LPES 252
Cun Copper cluster n=1-411 LPES 37
Cun(CN)m Copper cyanide cluster n=1-6 m=1-6 LPES 159
EuSin Europium-silicon cluster n=3-17 LPES 321
F(H2O)n Fluorine-water cluster n=1-4 LPES 242
F(H2O)n Fluorine-water cluster n=1-4 LPES 250
Fen Iron cluster n=3-34 LPES 149
Fe(CO)2 Iron carbonyl [Fe(CO)2] 1.22 0.02 LPES 2
FeBr3 Iron(III) bromide 4.26 0.06 LPES 249
FeBr4 Iron bromide [FeBr4] 5.50 0.08 LPES 249
FeCl3 Iron(III) chloride 4.22 0.06 LPES 249
FeCl4 Iron chloride [FeCl4] 6.00 0.08 LPES 249
FeF3 Iron(III) fluoride 3.6 0.1 CT 98
FeF4 Iron fluoride [FeF4] 6.0 estimate CT 98
Fe2H2 Iron hydride [Fe2H2] 0.942 0.019 LPES 254
FenOm Iron oxide cluster n=1-4 m=1-6 LPES 152
Ga2As3 Gallium arsenide [Ga3As2] 2.783 0.024 LPES 192
GaxAsy Gallium arsenide cluster n=2-50 n=x+y LPES 229
Ga2P3 Gallium phosphide [Ga2P3] 2.991 0.026 LPES 192
Gen Germanium cluster n=3-15 LPES 71
GexAsy Germanium-arsenic cluster n=5-30 n=x+y LPES 72
GeH3 Germyl <1.74 0.04 PT 2
H(NH3)n Hydrogen-ammonia cluster n=1,2 LPES 76
HNO3 Nitric acid 0.57 0.15 CD 2
(H2O)n Water cluster n=2-19 LPES 77
I(CO2) Iodine-carbon dioxide complex 3.225 0.001 LPES 131
I(CO2)n Iodine-carbon dioxide cluster n=1-3 LPES 350
I(H2O)n Iodine-water cluster n=1-4 LPES 250
InxPy Indium phosphide cluster n=2-8 n=x+y LPES 137
IrF4 Iridium fluoride [IrF4] 4.7 0.3 CT 98
IrF6 Iridium(VI) fluoride 6.5 0.4 CT 98
Kn Potassium cluster n=2-7 LPES 18
KO4 Potassium oxide [KO4] 2.8 0.2 LPES 252
LaCl4 Lanthanum tetrachloride 7.03 0.01 LPES 145
LiO4 Lithium oxide [LiO4] 3.3 0.2 LPES 252
MnBr3 Manganese bromide [MnBr3] 5.03 0.06 LPES 249
MnCl3 Manganese chloride [MnCl3] 5.07 0.06 LPES 249
MnF4 Manganese fluoride [MnF4] 5.5 0.2 CT 98
MnO3 Manganese oxide [MnO3] 3.335 0.010 LPES 158
Mo(CO)3 Molybdenum carbonyl [Mo[CO]3] 1.337 0.006 LPES 94
MoF5 Molybdenum(V) fluoride 3.5 0.2 CT 98
MoF6 Molybdenum(VI) fluoride 3.8 0.2 CT 98
MoO3 Molybdenum(VI) oxide 3.17 0.02 LPES 280
MoO4 Molybdenum oxide [MoO4] 5.20 0.07 LPES 86
MoO5 Molybdenum oxide [MoO5] 5.10 0.07 LPES 86
MoW2O6 Molybdenum tungsten oxide [MoW2O6] 2.76 0.05 LPES 353
Mo2O2 Molybdenum oxide [Mo2O2] 2.24 0.02 LPES 280
Mo2O3 Molybdenum(III) oxide 2.33 0.07 LPES 280
Mo2WO6 Molybdenum tungsten oxide [Mo2WO6] 2.85 0.05 LPES 353
N2CH Cyanoamidogen 2.622 0.005 LPES 154
N2CD Cyanoamidogen-d 2.622 0.005 LPES 154
(NH3)n Ammonia cluster n=41-1100 LPES 77
NH2(NH3)n Amidogen-ammonia cluster n=1,2 LPES 78
NO(H2O)n Nitric oxide-water cluster n=1,2 LPES 75


NO3 Nitrogen trioxide [NO3] 3.937 0.014 LPES 85
NO3(H2O)n Nitrogen trioxide-water cluster n=0-6 LPES 240
Atomic
NO(N2O)n Nitric oxide-nitrous oxide cluster n=1,2 LPES 79

(NO)2 Nitric oxide dimer >2.1 LPES 75
(N2O)n Nitrous oxide cluster n=1,2 LPES 81
Nan Sodium cluster n=2-5 LPES 18
NaCS2 Sodium-carbon disulfide complex [NaCS2] 0.80 0.05 LPES 278
Na2CS2 Sodium-carbon disulfide complex [Na2CS2] 0.25 0.05 LPES 278
(NaF)n Sodium fluoride cluster n=1-7,12 LPES 64
Na(NaF)n Sodium-sodium fluoride cluster n=5,7-12 LPES 64
NaO4 Sodium oxide [NaO4] 3.1 0.2 LPES 252
NaO5 Sodium oxide [NaO5] 3.2 0.2 LPES 252
NaSO3 Sodium oxide sulfide (NaO3S) 2.3 0.2 LPES 252
Nbn Niobium cluster n=6-17 LPES 181
Nb8 Niobium octamer 1.513 0.008 LPES 157
Nb3O Niobium oxide (Nb3O) 1.393 0.006 LPES 169
Nin Nickel cluster n=1-100 LPES 247
Nin(C6H6)m Nickel-benzene complex n=1-3 m=1,2 LPES 295
NiBr3 Nickel bromide [NiBr3] 4.94 0.08 LPES 249
NiCl3 Nickel chloride [NiCl3] 5.20 0.08 LPES 249
Ni(CO)2 Nickel carbonyl [Ni[CO]2] 0.643 0.014 LPES 2
Ni(CO)3 Nickel carbonyl [Ni[CO]3] 1.077 0.013 LPES 2
Ni(CO)H Nickel-carbon monoxide complex 1.126 0.010 LPES 293
NiC8N4S4 Nickel bis(dithiolene) 4.56 0.04 LPES 307
OH(H2O) Hydroxyl-water complex <2.95 0.15 PT 2
OH(NH3) Hydroxyl-ammonia complex 2.35 0.07 LPES 234
OH(N2O) Hydroxyl-nitrous oxide complex 2.14 0.02 LPES 209
OH(N2O)n Hydroxyl-nitrous oxide cluster n=1-5 LPES 209
OsF4 Osmium(IV) fluoride 3.9 0.3 CT 98
OsF6 Osmium(VI) fluoride 6.0 0.3 CT 98
P5 Phosphorus pentamer 3.88 0.03 LPES 253
PBr3 Phosphorus(III) bromide 1.59 0.15 CD 2
PBr2Cl Phosphorus(III) dibromide chloride 1.63 0.20 CD 2
PBrCl2 Phosphorus(III) bromide dichloride 1.52 0.20 CD 2
PCl3 Phosphorus(III) chloride 0.82 0.10 CD 2
PF5 Phosphorus(V) fluoride 0.75 0.15 CT 121
P2H2 cis-Diphosphene 1.03 0.01 LPES 281
P2H2 trans-Diphosphene 1.00 0.01 LPES 281
PO3 Phosphorus oxide [PO3] 4.95 0.06 LPES 156
POCl2 Phosphorus oxychloride [POCl2] 3.83 0.25 CD 2
POCl3 Phosphoryl chloride 1.41 0.20 CD 2
Pb4 Lead tetramer 1.55 0.09 LPES 345
PdC8N4S4 Palladium bis(dithiolene) 4.55 0.04 LPES 307
PtC8N4S4 Platinum bis(dithiolene) 4.45 0.04 LPES 307
PtF4 Platinum(IV) fluoride 5.5 0.3 CT 98
PtF6 Platinum(VI) fluoride 7.0 0.4 CT 98
ReF6 Rhenium(VI) fluoride 4.7 estimate CT 98
ReO3 Rhenium(VI) oxide 3.6 0.1 LPES 216
RhF4 Rhenium fluoride [RhF4] 5.4 0.3 CT 98
RuF4 Ruthenium(IV) fluoride 4.8 0.3 CT 98
RuF5 Ruthenium(V) fluoride 5.2 0.4 CT 98
RuF6 Ruthenium(VI) fluoride 7.5 0.3 CT 98
SF4 Sulfur tetrafluoride 1.5 0.2 CT 91
SF5 Sulfur pentafluoride 4.23 0.12 e-scat 204
SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride 1.20 0.05 attach 318
SO3 Sulfur trioxide (α-form) 1.97 0.10 LPES 165
(SO2)2 Sulfur dioxide dimer 0.6 0.2 LPES 80
Sbn Antimony cluster n=2-9 LPES 213
Sb5 Antimony pentamer 3.46 0.03 LPES 253
ScBr4 Scandium bromide [ScBr4] 6.13 0.08 LPES 249
ScCl4 Scandium chloride [ScCl4] 6.84 0.01 LPES 145


Sc2Snn Scandium-tin cluster n=2-6 LPES 356
SeF6 Selenium hexafluoride 2.9 0.2 CD 2
Atomic
Si4 Tetrasilicon 2.13 0.01 LPES 110
Si5 Silicon pentamer 2.59 0.02 LPES 110
Si7 Silicon heptamer 1.85 0.02 LPES 110
Sin Silicon cluster n=3-20 LPES 71
SiF3 Trifluorosilyl 2.41 0.22 LPES 17
SiF4 Tetrafluorosilane =0 LPES 17
SiF5 Pentafluorosilyl =4.66 LPES 17
SiH3 Silyl 1.406 0.014 LPES 43
SiD3 Silyl-d3 1.386 0.022 LPES 43
Si2C3 Disilicon tricarbide 1.766 0.012 LPES 296
Si3H Silicon hydride (Si3H) 2.53 0.01 LPES 182
Si4H Silicon hydride (Si4H) 2.68 0.01 LPES 182
SinNam Silicon-sodium cluster n=4-11 m=1-3 LPES 210
SinF Silicon-fluorine cluster n=2-11 LPES 17
Snn Tin cluster n=1-12 LPES 289
SnCH2CN Cyanomethylenetin 1.57 0.02 LPES 292
Sn(CN)2 Tin(II) cyanide 2.622 0.004 LPES 292
Sn(CN)(CH2CN) Cyanomethylenetin cyanide 2.29 0.05 LPES 292
Ta3O Tantalum oxide (Ta3O) 1.583 0.010 LPES 169
TeF6 Tellurium hexafluoride 3.34 0.17 CD 2
Tin Titanium cluster n=1-130 LPES 151
TiO3 Titanium oxide [TiO3] 4.2 LPES 172
UF5 Uranium(V) fluoride 3.7 0.2 CT 98
UF6 Uranium(VI) fluoride 5.1 0.2 CT 98
UO3 Uranium(VI) oxide <2.1 CT 98
Vn Vanadium cluster n=3-65 LPES 150
VF4 Vanadium(IV) fluoride 3.5 0.2 CT 98
VSin Vanadium-silicon cluster [VSin] n=3-6 LPES 357
V2On Vanadium oxide cluster n=3-7 LPES 246
V2Sin Vanadium-silicon cluster [V2Sin] n=3-6 LPES 357
V3O Vanadium oxide (V3O) 1.218 0.008 LPES 169
V4O10 Vanadium oxide [V4O10] 4.2 0.6 CT 101
W(CO)3 Tungsten carbonyl [W[CO]3] 1.859 0.006 LPES 94
WF5 Tungsten(V) fluoride 1.25 0.3 CD 18
WF6 Tungsten(VI) fluoride 3.5 0.1 CT 19
WO3 Tungsten(VI) oxide 3.62 0.05 LPES 86
(WO3)n Tungsten(IV) oxide cluster n=7-10 LPES 300
WO4 Tungsten oxide [WO4] 5.30 0.05 LPES 86
WO5 Tungsten oxide [WO5] 5.1 0.1 LPES 86
W3O6 Tungsten oxide [W3O6] 2.85 0.02 LPES 353
YbBr3 Ytterbium(III) bromide 4.0 0.2 Knud 379
YCl4 Yttrium tetrachloride 7.02 0.01 LPES 145
References 5. Wenthold, P. G., Gunion, R. F., and Lineberger, W. C., Chem. Phys.
Lett. 258, 101, 1996.
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1985. Phys. Chem. A 101, 4472, 1997.
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p. 167. The reference for C6H4ClO should read “Richardson et al., 8. Arnold, D. W., Bradforth, S. E., Kitsopoulos, T. N., and Neumark, D.
1975c.” M., J. Chem. Phys. 95, 8753, 1991; linear Cn.
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Phys. J. D 58, 29, 2010. EA(16O) = 1 178 467.6 ± 0.7 cm–1, EA(32S) = 11. Oakes, J. M., and Ellison, G. B., Tetrahedron 42, 6263, 1986.
16 752.975 3 ± 0.004 1 cm–1, EA(34S) = 16 752.977 6 ± 0.008 5 cm–1, 12. Leopold, D. G., Murray, K. K., Miller, A. E. S., and Lineberger, W. C.,
and EA(28Si) = 11 207.294 ± 0.006 cm–1. EAs given in the paper in J. Chem. Phys. 83, 4849, 1985.
eV were obtained using an older CODATA value for hc/e, which 13. Oakes, J. M., Jones, M.E., Bierbaum, V. M., and Ellison, G. B., J. Phys.
affects EA values in the Tables 1 in the final decimal place. See also Chem. 87, 4810, 1983.
Neumark, D. M., Lykke, K. R., Anderson, T., and Lineberger, W. C., 14. Ellis, H. B., Jr., and Ellison, G. B., J. Chem. Phys. 78, 6541, 1983.
Phys. Rev. A 32, 1890, 1985. EA(O) = 11 784.645 ± 0.008 cm–1.

15. Ramond, T. M., Blanksby, S. J., Kato, S., Bierbaum, V. M., Davico, 40. Friedhoff, C. B., Coe, J. V., Snodgrass, J. T., McHugh, K. M., and
G. E., Schwartz, R. L., Lineberger, W. C., and Ellison, G. B., J. Phys. Bowen, K. H., Chem. Phys. Lett. 124, 268, 1986.
Chem. A 106, 9641, 2002. 41. Coe, J. V., Snodgrass, J. T., Friedhoff, C. B., McHugh, K. M., and
Atomic
16. Nimlos, M. E., and Ellison, G. B., J. Chem. Phys. 90, 2574, 1986. Bowen, K. H., J. Chem. Phys. 84, 619, 1986.
17. Kawamata, H., Negishi, Y., Kishi, R., Iwata, S., Nakajima, A., and 42. Snodgrass, J. T., Coe, J. V., Friedhoff, C. B., McHugh, K. M., and
Kaya, K., J. Chem. Phys. 105, 5369, 1996. Bowen, K. H., Chem. Phys. Lett. 122, 352, 1985.
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3792, 1989. See also Ref. 104. Lett. 76, 744, 1996.
19. George, P. M., and Beauchamp, J. L., Chem. Phys. 36, 345, 1979. 45. Andersen, T., Lykke, K. R., Neumark, D. M., and Lineberger, W. C.,
The lower limit given in this paper (3.4 eV) may be increased to J. Chem. Phys. 86, 1858, 1987.
3.5 eV, as rapid charge transfer from HCO2– to WF6 has since been 46. Murray, K. K., Lykke, K. R., and Lineberger, W. C., Phys. Rev. A 36,
observed (Miller, T. M., and Viggiano, A. A., unpublished). 699, 1987.
20. Burnett, S. M., Stevens, A. E., Fiegerle, C. S., and Lineberger, W. C., 47. Chaibi, W., Delsart, C., Drag, C., and Blondel, C., J. Mol. Spectrosc.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 100, 124, 1983. 239, 11, 2006. EA(32SH) = 18669.543(12) cm–1.
21. Moran, S., Ellis, H. B., DeFrees, D. J., McLean, A. D., and Ellison, 48. Stonemann, R. C., and Larson, D. J., Phys. Rev. A 35, 2928, 1987.
G. B., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 5996, 1987; Moran, S., Ellis, H. B., EA(SeH) = 17,845.17 ± 0.20 cm–1.
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338. Zhai, H.-J., Wang, L.-M., Li, S.-D., and Wang, L.-S., J. Phys. Chem. 360. Lindahl, A. O., Andersson, P., Diehl, C., Forstner, O., Klason, P., and
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340. Wang, X.-B., and Wang, L.-S., J. Chem. Phys. 113, 10928, 2000. 361. Vogelhuber, K. M., Wren, S. W., Sheps, L., and Lineberger, W. C., J.
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PROTON AFFINITIES
Atomic
Proton affinity is a useful parameter for describing gas phase decimal place, but the majority are not accurate to better than
ion-molecule reactions in fields such as atmospheric chemistry, one or two kilojoules per mole. The methods of measurement are
plasma chemistry, mass spectrometry, and astrophysics. The described in Reference 1, which contains a much more extensive
proton affinity Epa (often designated in the literature as PA) of a and detailed tabulation.
molecular species M is defined as the negative of the enthalpy Compounds are listed by name.
change for the gas phase reaction
References
M + H+ → MH+.
1. Hunter, E. P. L., and Lias, S. G.,J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 27, 413, 1998.
A closely related quantity is the gas phase basicity ΔbaseG° 2. Hunter, E. P., and Lias, S. G., “Proton Affinity Evaluation”, in NIST
(often designated as GB), which is the negative of the Gibbs Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database No. 69,
energy change for the same reaction. Thus the two are related by Linstrom, P. J., and Mallard, W. G., Eds., March 2003, National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899,
<http://webbook.nist.gov>.
ΔbaseG° = Epa + TΔS, 3. Do, K., Klein, T. P., Pommerening, C. A., Bachrach, S. M., and Sun-
derlin, L. S., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 6093, 1998.
where T is the temperature and ΔS is the entropy change in the 4. Kim, H.-T., Green, R. J., Qian, J., and Anderson, S. L., J. Chem. Phys.
reaction (which can be calculated if the molecular structure of M 112, 5717, 2000.
and M+ is known). 5. Park, S. T., Kim, S. K., and Kim, M. S., J. Chem. Phys. 114, 5568, 2001.
Direct measurement of the proton affinity is possible for 6. Hiraoka, K., Mizuno, T., Eguchi, D., Takao, T., and Ino, S., J. Chem.
only a few molecules, mainly olefins and carbonyl compounds. Phys. 116, 7574, 2002.
However, these measurements have been used to establish a scale 7. Oresmaa, L. O., Haukka, M., Vainiotalo, P., and Pakkanen, T. A., J.
Org. Chem. 67, 8216, 2002.
of Epa values that permits proton affinities to be determined for 8. Wang, F., Ma, S., Zhang, D., and Cooks, R. G., J. Phys. Chem. A 102,
many other molecules, including unstable species and reaction 2988, 1998.
intermediates. The basis for this scale is described by Hunter and 9. Bouchoux, G., Gal, J.-F., Szulejko, J. E., McMahon, T. B., Tortajada,
Lias in Reference 1. J., Luna, A., Yanez, M., and Mo, O., J. Phys. Chem. A 102, 9183, 1998.
The Epa and ΔbaseG° values at a temperature of 298 K are tabu- 10. van Beelen, E., Koblenz, T. A., Ingemann, S. and Hammerum, S., J.
lated below for selected molecules. Many values are given to one Phys. Chem. A 108, 2728, 2004.
Name Mol. Form. Epa/kJ mol-1 ΔbaseGº/kJ mol-1 Note

Acenaphthene C12H10 851.7 821.0
Acetaldehyde C2H4O 768.5 736.5
Acetamide C2H5NO 863.6 832.6
Acetic acid C2H4O2 783.7 752.8
Acetic anhydride C4H6O3 844 Ref. 9
Acetohydroxamic acid C2H5NO2 854.0 823.0
Acetone C3H6O 812 782.1
Acetonitrile C2H3N 779.2 748
Acetophenone C8H8O 861.1 829.3
4-Acetylanisole C9H10O2 895.6 863.7
4-Acetylbenzonitrile C9H7NO 826.8 795.0
Acetylene C2H2 641.4 616.7
4-Acetylphenyl acetate C10H10O3 853.2 821.3
4-Acetylthioanisole C9H10OS 888.2 856.3
Acridine C13H9N 972.6 940.7
Acrolein C3H4O 797.0 765.1
Acrylamide C3H5NO 870.7 839.8
Acrylonitrile C3H3N 784.7 753.7
Adenine C5H5N5 942.8 912.5
Adenosine C10H13N5O4 989.3 956.8
l-Alanine C3H7NO2 901.6 867.7
N-l-Alanyl-l-alanine C6H12N2O3 905.6
N-(N-l-Alanyl-l-alanyl)-l-alanine C9H17N3O4 924.1
Allene C3H4 775.3 745.8
Allyl C3H5 736 707.4
Allylamine C3H7N 909.5 875.5
Allyldimethylamine C5H11N 957.8 926.8
Allyl ethyl ether C5H10O 833.7 804.5
N-Allyl-2-propen-1-amine C6H11N 949.3 916.3
10-170

Proton Affinities 10-171

2-Aminoacetamide C2H6N2O 882.3
Aminoacetonitrile C2H4N2 824.9 791.0
Atomic
4-Aminobenzaldehyde C7H7NO 910.4 878.6
3-Aminobenzamide C7H8N2O 900.9 869.9
4-Aminobenzamide C7H8N2O 927.9 896.9
3-Aminobenzonitrile C7H6N2 842.3 810.4
4-Amino-1-butanol C4H11NO 984.5 932.1
6-Amino-1-hexanol C6H15NO 969.0 915.7
2-Aminophenol C6H7NO 898.8 866.9
3-Aminophenol C6H7NO 898.8 866.9
1-(4-Aminophenyl)ethanone C8H9NO 908.8 877.0
3-Aminopropanenitrile C3H6N2 866.4 832.5
3-Amino-1-propanol C3H9NO 962.5 917.3
Ammonia H3N 853.6 819.0
Aniline C6H7N 882.5 850.6
Aniline-2-carboxylic acid C7H7NO2 901.5 869.0
Anilino C6H6N 949.8 917.4
Anisole C7H8O 839.6 807.2
Anthracene C14H10 877.3 846.6
l-Arginine C6H14N4O2 1051.0 1006.6
Argon Ar 369.2 346.3
Arsenic(III) fluoride AsF3 636.7 604.2
Arsine AsH3 747.9 712.0
l-Asparagine C4H8N2O3 929 891.5
l-Aspartic acid C4H7NO4 908.9 875
1-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane C7H13N 983.3 952.5
Azetidine C3H7N 943.4 908.6
2-Azetidinone C3H5NO 852.6 821.7
Azidobenzene C6H5N3 820 787.5
Azulene C10H8 925.2 896
Barium oxide BaO 1215.4 1187.6
Benzaldehyde C7H6O 834.0 802.1
Benzamide C7H7NO 892.1 861.2
Benzene C6H6 750.4 725.4
Benzeneacetonitrile C8H7N 805.5 774.8
1,2-Benzenediamine C6H8N2 896.5 865.8
Benzeneethanamine C8H11N 936.2 902.3
1H-Benzimidazole C7H6N2 953.8 920.5
Benzoic acid C7H6O2 821.1 790.1
Benzonitrile C7H5N 811.5 780.9
Benzo[ghi]perylene C22H12 876.0 845.2
Benzophenone C13H10O 882.3 852.5
p-Benzoquinone C6H4O2 799.1 769.3
Benzoxazole C7H5NO 891.6 859.8
Benzyl C7H7 831.4 800.7
Benzyl alcohol C7H8O 778.3 748.0
Benzylamine C7H9N 913.3 879.4
Benzyl methyl ether C8H10O 816.7 787.5
Benzyne C6H4 841 808.5
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one C7H10O 847.4 815.5
Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene C7H10 836.5 804.0
Biphenyl C12H10 813.6 782.9
2,2'-Bipyridine C10H8N2 965 Ref. 7
Bis(2-cyanoethyl) ether C6H8N2O 813.8 786.4
Bis(2-propynyl)amine C6H7N 910.0 876.9
Bis(2-propynyl) ether C6H6O 783.9 756.5
Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether C4H4F6O 702.3 674.9
Borazine B3H6N3 802.5 772.8
Boric acid BH3O3 728.1 698.4

10-172 Proton Affinities

Bromine (atomic) Br 554.4 531.2
3-Bromoaniline C6H6BrN 873.2 841.4
Atomic
Bromobenzene C6H5Br 754.1 725.8

Bromoethane C2H5Br 696.2 669.7
2-Bromoethanol C2H5BrO 766.1 735.7
Bromomethane CH3Br 664.2 638.0
2-Bromopyridine C5H4BrN 904.8 873.0
2-Bromotoluene C7H7Br 775.3 745.8
Bromotrifluoromethane CBrF3 580.0 550.3
1-Bromo-3-vinylbenzene C8H7Br 822.4 793.5
1-Bromo-4-vinylbenzene C8H7Br 838.7 809.8
1,2-Butadiene C4H6 778.9 749.8
1,3-Butadiene C4H6 783.4 757.6
1,3-Butadiyne C4H2 737.2 712.8
Butanal C4H8O 792.7 760.8
1,4-Butanediamine C4H12N2 1005.6 954.3
1,4-Butanediol C4H10O2 915.6 854.9
2,3-Butanedione C4H6O2 801.9 770.1
Butanenitrile C4H7N 798.4 767.7
1-Butanethiol C4H10S 801.7 770.5
1,2,4-Butanetriol C4H10O3 905.9 841
1-Butanol C4H10O 789.2 758.9
2-Butanol C4H10O 815.7 784.6
2-Butanone C4H8O 827.3 795.5
2-Butenamide C4H7NO 887.1 856.1
trans-2-Butene C4H8 747 719.9
trans-2-Butenoic acid C4H6O2 824.0 793
3-Buten-2-one C4H6O 834.7 802.8
Butylamine C4H11N 921.5 886.6
tert-Butylamine C4H11N 934.1 899.9
Butylbenzene C10H14 791.9 764.2
Butyldimethylamine C6H15N 969.2 938.2
tert-Butyl ethyl ether C6H14O 856.0 826.9
Butyl formate C5H10O2 806.0 775
tert-Butyl isopropyl ether C7H16O 870.7 841.5
Butyl methyl ether C5H12O 820.3 791.2
tert-Butyl nitrite C4H9NO2 863.9 831.4
1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)ethanone C12H16O 882.5 850.6
2-tert-Butylpyridine C9H13N 961.7 929.8
4-tert-Butylpyridine C9H13N 957.7 925.8
Butyl trifluoroacetate C6H9F3O2 764.8 733.8
2-Butyne C4H6 775.8 745.1
γ-Butyrolactone C4H6O2 840.0 808.1
Calcium oxide CaO 1190.6 1162.3
Carbon dioxide CO2 540.5 515.8
Carbon diselenide CSe2 725 700.9
Carbon disulfide CS2 681.9 657.7
Carbon [fullerene-C60] C60 827.5
Carbon [fullerene-C70] C70 827.5
Carbon monoselenide CSe 831.8 800.2 Protonation at C
Carbon monosulfide CS 791.5 760
Carbon monoxide CO 594 562.8 Protonation at C
Carbon monoxide CO 426.3 402.2 Protonation at O
Carbonothioic dichloride CCl2S 752.5 721.8
Carbon oxyselenide COSe 670 644.1 Protonation at Se
Carbon oxysulfide COS 628.5 602.6 Protonation at S
Carbon trimer C3 767.0 736.3
Carbonyl fluoride CF2O 666.7 637.0
Cesium hydroxide CsHO 1117.9 1092.2


Cesium oxide Cs2O 1442.9 1412.2
Chlorine (atomic) Cl 513.6 490.1
Atomic
Chloroacetic acid C2H3ClO2 765.4 734.5
Chloroacetonitrile C2H2ClN 745.7 715.1
3-Chloroaniline C6H6ClN 868.1 836.3
4-Chloroaniline C6H6ClN 873.8 842.0
3-Chlorobenzaldehyde C7H5ClO 813.0 781.1
4-Chlorobenzaldehyde C7H5ClO 831.3 799.4
3-Chlorobenzamide C7H6ClNO 877.2 846.3
4-Chlorobenzamide C7H6ClNO 877.2 846.3
Chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 753.1 724.6
4-Chloro-N,N-diethylaniline C10H14ClN 931.0 899.2
4-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline C8H10ClN 922.9 896.4
Chloroethane C2H5Cl 693.4 666.9
2-Chloroethanol C2H5ClO 766.1 735.7
1-Chloro-4-ethynylbenzene C8H5Cl 832.4 801.7
1-Chloro-4-isopropenylbenzene C9H9Cl 854.3 825.4
Chloromethane CH3Cl 647.3 621.1
3-Chloro-4-methoxyacetophenone C9H9ClO2 883.7 851.9
2-Chloro-6-methoxypyridine C6H6ClNO 909.9 878.0
3-(Chloromethyl)benzonitrile C8H6ClN 811.2 780.6
4-(Chloromethyl)benzonitrile C8H6ClN 812.8 782.1
Chloromethylene CHCl 874.1 839.9
2-Chloro-4-methylpyridine C6H6ClN 921.2 889.4
2-Chloro-6-methylpyridine C6H6ClN 908.0 876.2
1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanone C8H7ClO 846.9 815.1
1-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethanone C8H7ClO 856.6 824.8
3-Chloropropanenitrile C3H4ClN 773.1 742.4
6-Chloro-1H-purine C5H3ClN4 873.6 841.7
2-Chloropyridine C5H4ClN 900.9 869
3-Chloropyridine C5H4ClN 903.4 871.5
4-Chloropyridine C5H4ClN 916.1 884.2
2-Chlorotoluene C7H7Cl 790.5 761.1
Chlorotrifluoromethane CClF3 571.3 541.5
Chromium Cr 791.3 768.4
Chromium carbonyl C6CrO6 739.2 714.6
Chrysene C18H12 840.9 810.1
Cinnoline C8H6N2 936.3 904.4
Cobalt Co 742.7 719.8
Copper Cu 655.3 632.4
Coronene C24H12 861.3 835.0
o-Cresol C7H8O 832 800 Ref. 10
m-Cresol C7H8O 841 809 Ref. 10
p-Cresol C7H8O 814 782 Ref. 10
Cyanamide CH2N2 805.6 774.9
Cyanide CN >595 >564 Protonation at N
Cyanoacetylene C3HN 751.2 720.5
Cyanogen C2N2 674.7 645.8
Cyanogen bromide CBrN 749.8 719.2
Cyanogen chloride CClN 722.1 691.5
Cyanogen fluoride CFN 632 601.3
Cyclobutanecarboxylic acid C5H8O2 817.4 786.4
Cyclobutanone C4H6O 802.5 772.7
Cyclobutene C4H6 784.4 753.6
Cycloheptanone C7H12O 845.6 815.9
2,4,6-Cycloheptatrien-1-one C7H6O 920.8 891.0
1,3-Cyclohexadiene C6H8 837 804.5
1,4-Cyclohexadiene C6H8 837 808.0
Cyclohexane C6H12 686.9 666.9
Cyclohexanecarbonitrile C7H11N 815.0 784.4
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid C7H12O2 823.8 792.8


cis-1,3-Cyclohexanediol C6H12O2 882.2 849.7
trans-1,3-Cyclohexanediol C6H12O2 828.6 797.9
Atomic
1,2-Cyclohexanedione C6H8O2 849.6 818.9

Cyclohexanemethanamine C7H15N 926.6 895.8
Cyclohexanemethanol C7H14O 802.1 771.7
Cyclohexanone C6H10O 841.0 811.2
Cyclohexene C6H10 784.5 752.0
Cyclohexylamine C6H13N 934.4 899.6
Cyclohexyldimethylamine C8H17N 983.6 952.6
1-Cyclohexylethanone C8H14O 841.4 809.5
Cyclononanone C9H16O 852.6 822.8
Cyclooctanone C8H14O 849.4 819.6
1,3-Cyclopentadiene C5H6 821.6 798.4
Cyclopentadienyl C5H5 831.5 799.1
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid C6H10O2 817.4 786.4
cis-1,2-Cyclopentanediol C5H10O2 885.6 853.1
Cyclopentanone C5H8O 823.7 794.0
Cyclopentene C5H8 766.3 733.8
N-(1-Cyclopenten-1-yl)pyrrolidine C9H15N 1019.2 988.4
Cyclopropane C3H6 750.3 722.2
Cyclopropanecarbonitrile C4H5N 808.2 777.5
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid C4H6O2 821.4 790.4
Cyclopropene C3H4 818.5 787.8
Cyclopropyl C3H5 738.9 702.0
Cyclopropylamine C3H7N 904.7 869.9
Cyclopropylbenzene C9H10 834.9 802.4
Cyclopropyl methyl ketone C5H8O 854.9 823
l-Cysteine C3H7NO2S 903.2 869.3
Cytidine C9H13N3O5 982.5 950.0
Cytosine C4H5N3O 949.9 918
Decylamine C10H23N 930.4 896.5
2'-Deoxyadenosine C10H13N5O3 991.5 959.1
Diacetone alcohol C6H12O2 822.9 791.1
1,3-Diacetylbenzene C10H10O2 852.0 822.3
1,4-Diacetylbenzene C10H10O2 850.8 821.0
Diallyl ether C6H10O 827.4 800.0
N,N-Diallyl-2-propen-1-amine C9H15N 972.3 941.3
Diazomethane CH2N2 858.9 826.7
Diborane B2H6 615 586.0
Dibutylamine C8H19N 968.5 935.3
Di-sec-butylamine C8H19N 980.7 947.5
Dibutyl ether C8H18O 845.7 818.3
Di-sec-butyl ether C8H18O 865.9 838.5
Di-tert-butyl ether C8H18O 887.4 860.0
2,5-Di-tert-butylfuran C12H20O 894.7 863.9
Di-tert-butyl ketone C9H18O 861.3 831.5
1,3-Di-tert-butyl-5-methylbenzene C15H24 853.7 826.0
2,4-Di-tert-butylpyridine C13H21N 983.8 952.0
2,6-Di-tert-butylpyridine C13H21N 982.9 951
Dibutyl sulfide C8H18S 871.8 842.1
Di-tert-butyl sulfide C8H18S 893.8 864.0
Dicarbon monoxide C2O 774.7 747.0
Dichloromethylene CCl2 861 828.5
m-Dicyanobenzene C8H4N2 779.3 750.4
p-Dicyanobenzene C8H4N2 779.0 751.8
Dicyclopropyl ketone C7H10O 880.4 850.6
Diethanolamine C4H11NO2 953 920
N,N-Diethylacetamide C6H13NO 925.4 894.4
Diethylamine C4H11N 952.4 919.4
N,N-Diethylaniline C10H15N 959.8 927.9
Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether C6H14O3 918.8 870.9


Diethyl ether C4H10O 828.4 801
Diethylmethylamine C5H13N 971.0 940.0
Atomic
N,N-Diethyl-4-methylaniline C11H17N 962.8 931.0
Diethylpropylamine C7H17N 978.8 947.9
2,6-Diethylpyridine C9H13N 972.3 940.4
N,N-Diethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide C10H14N2O 940.9 909.0
Diethyl sulfide C4H10S 856.7 827.0
o-Difluorobenzene C6H4F2 731.2 703.5
m-Difluorobenzene C6H4F2 749.7 722
p-Difluorobenzene C6H4F2 718.7 692.8
2,2-Difluoroethanol C2H4F2O 727.4 697.0
1,1-Difluoroethene C2H2F2 734 705.1
trans-1,2-Difluoroethene C2H2F2 688.6 657.9
Difluoromethane CH2F2 620.5 589.7
Difluoromethylene CF2 765 732.5
2,3-Dihydro-1,4-dioxin C4H6O2 823.5 792.8
2,3-Dihydrofuran C4H6O 866.9 834.4
2,5-Dihydrofuran C4H6O 823.4 796
2,3-Dihydro-1H-indole C8H9N 957.1 926.3
3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran C5H8O 865.8 833.4
Diisobutylamine C8H19N 958.1 925.1
Diisopropylamine C6H15N 971.9 938.6
Diisopropyl ether C6H14O 855.5 828.1
Diisopropyl sulfide C6H14S 876.4 846.6
Dilithium Li2 1162 1133.1
Dimagnesium Mg2 919 886.5
1,2-Dimethoxyethane C4H10O2 858.0 820.2
N,N-Dimethylacetamide C4H9NO 908.0 877.0
Dimethylamine C2H7N 929.5 896.5
(Dimethylamino)acetonitrile C4H8N2 884.5 853.7
4'-(Dimethylamino)acetophenone C10H13NO 932.8 906.3
4-(Dimethylamino)benzaldehyde C9H11NO 924.8 898.3
4-(Dimethylamino)benzonitrile C9H10N2 889.1 862.6
1-[3-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]ethanone C10H13NO 928.0 901.5
3-(Dimethylamino)-1-propyne C5H9N 940.3 909.5
2,6-Dimethylaniline C8H11N 901.7 869.8
N,N-Dimethylaniline C8H11N 941.1 909.2
N,N-Dimethylbenzamide C9H11NO 932.7 901.8
N,N-Dimethyl-1,4-benzenediamine C8H12N2 955.0 928.4
N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine C9H13N 968.4 937.4
2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadiene C6H10 835.0 807.8
N,N-Dimethylbutanamide C6H13NO 921.7 890.8
3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanone C6H12O 840.1 808.2
2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene C6H12 813.9 785.9
Dimethyl carbonate C3H6O3 830.2 799.2
Dimethylcyanamide C3H6N2 852.1 821.4
1,2-Dimethylcyclopentene C7H12 822.6 791.9
3,3-Dimethylcyclopropene C5H8 847.8 817.1
trans-Dimethyldiazene C2H6N2 865.1 834.4
Dimethyl disulfide C2H6S2 815.3 782.8
N,N'-Dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine C4H12N2 989.2 946.9
Dimethyl ether C2H6O 792 764.5
N,N-Dimethylformamide C3H7NO 887.5 856.6
2,4-Dimethylfuran C6H8O 894.7 862.3
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine C2H8N2 927.1 894.7
Dimethyl hydrogen phosphite C2H7O3P 894.8 862.4
1,2-Dimethyl-1H-imidazole C5H8N2 984.7 952.6
1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone C5H10N2O 918.4 886.0
Dimethyl isophthalate C10H10O4 843.5 814.3


1,4-Dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene C15H18 983.1 950.6
Dimethyl mercury C2H6Hg 771.6 740.8
Atomic
N,N-Dimethyl-3-nitroaniline C8H10N2O2 894.1 867.6

N,N-Dimethyl-4-nitroaniline C8H10N2O2 896.7 870.2
2,4-Dimethyl-1-nitrobenzene C8H9NO2 831.0 798.5
2,4-Dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene C7H12 886.5 857.6
2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone C7H14O 850.3 820.5
2,4-Dimethyl-2-pentene C7H14 812 783.1
1-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)ethanone C10H12O 882.6 850.8
Dimethylphosphine C2H7P 912.0 877.9
2,2-Dimethylpropanamide C5H11NO 889.0 857.2
N,N-Dimethyl-1-propanamine C5H13N 962.8 931.9
N,N-Dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine C5H14N2 1025.0 975.3
2,2-Dimethylpropanenitrile C5H9N 810.9 780.2
2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanethiol C5H12S 809.5 778.2
2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanol C5H12O 795.5 765.2
N,N-Dimethyl-2-propenamide C5H9NO 904.3 873.4
2,2-Dimethylpropylamine C5H13N 928.3 894.0
2,6-Dimethyl-4H-pyran-4-one C7H8O2 941.5 907.3
1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole C5H8N2 933.9 902.3
N,N-Dimethyl-2-pyridinamine C7H10N2 968.2 941.6
N,N-Dimethyl-4-pyridinamine C7H10N2 997.6 971.1
2,3-Dimethylpyridine C7H9N 958.9 927.0
2,5-Dimethylpyrrole C6H9N 918.7 887.1
Dimethyl sulfide C2H6S 830.9 801.2
Dimethyl sulfoxide C2H6OS 884.4 853.7
Dimethyl terephthalate C10H10O4 843.2 812.3
N,N-Dimethylthioacetamide C4H9NS 925.3 894.4
N,N'-Dimethylthiourea C3H8N2S 926.0 895.1
N,N-Dimethyltricyclo[3.3.1.13,7] C13H21NO 949.4 917.6
decane-1-carboxamide
N,N'-Dimethylurea C3H8N2O 903.3 873.5
1,3-Dioxane C4H8O2 825.4 796.2
1,4-Dioxane C4H8O2 797.4 770.0
Dipentyl ether C10H22O 852.7 825.3
1,4-Diphenylbutane C16H18 822.0 779.8
1,2-Diphenylethane C14H14 801.8 774.1
1,1-Diphenylethene C14H12 885.7 856.9
1,6-Diphenylhexane C18H22 826.1 783.8
Diphenylmethane C13H12 802.0 769.5
1,5-Diphenylpentane C17H20 824.7 782.4
1,3-Diphenylpropane C15H16 820.1 787.6
3,5-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazole C15H12N2 946.3 912.7
Dipropylamine C6H15N 962.3 929.3
N,N-Dipropylaniline C12H19N 963.0 931.1
Dipropyl ether C6H14O 837.9 810.5
Dipropyl sulfide C6H14S 864.7 834.9
Disiloxane H6OSi2 749 718.3
Disodium Na2 1146.8 1118.2
Ethane C2H6 596.3 569.9
1,2-Ethanediamine C2H8N2 951.6 912.5
1,2-Ethanediol C2H6O2 815.9 773.6
Ethanethiol C2H6S 789.6 758.4


Ethanimidamide C2H6N2 970.7 938.2
Ethanol C2H6O 776.4 746
Atomic
Ethanolamine C2H7NO 930.3 896.8
Ethenamine C2H5N 898.9 866.5
3-Ethoxypropanenitrile C5H9NO 807.2 776.5
N-Ethylacetamide C4H9NO 898.0 867.0
Ethyl acetate C4H8O2 835.7 804.7
Ethylamine C2H7N 912.0 878
3-Ethylaniline C8H11N 897.9 866.1
N-Ethylaniline C8H11N 924.8 892.9
Ethylbenzene C8H10 788.0 760.3
Ethyl chloroformate C3H5ClO2 764.8 733.8
Ethyl cyanoformate C4H5NO2 745.7 714.7
Ethyldimethylamine C4H11N 960.1 929.1
Ethyl 1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate C8H12N2O2 933.4 901.5
Ethylene C2H4 680.5 651.5
Ethylene carbonate C3H4O3 814.2 784.4
Ethyleneimine C2H5N 905.5 872.5
Ethyl formate C3H6O2 799.4 768.4
N-Ethyl-N-hydroxyethanamine C4H11NO 914.7 882.2
Ethyl isocyanide C3H5N 851.3 818.9
Ethylisopropylamine C5H13N 960.0 926.7
Ethyl isopropyl ether C5H12O 842.7 813.5
N-Ethyl-N-isopropyl-2-propanamine C8H19N 994.3 963.5
Ethylmethylamine C3H9N 942.2 909.2
N-Ethyl-N-methylaniline C9H13N 939.0 912.4
Ethyl N-methylcarbamate C4H9NO2 888.8 857.8
Ethyl methyl carbonate C4H8O3 842.7 810.8
3-Ethyl-3-methyldiaziridine C4H10N2 903.8 871.3
Ethyl methyl ether C3H8O 808.6 781.2
Ethyl methyl sulfide C3H8S 846.5 815.3
Ethyl nitrite C2H5NO2 818.9 786.4
2-Ethylpyridine C7H9N 952.4 920.6
Ethyl trichloroacetate C4H5Cl3O2 790.4 759.4
Ethyl trifluoroacetate C4H5F3O2 758.8 727.9
Ethyl vinyl ether C4H8O 870.1 840.4
Ethynyl C2H 753 720.8
Ferrocene C10H10Fe 863.6 841.3
Fluoranthene C16H10 828.6 800.9
9H-Fluorene C13H10 831.5 803.8
Fluorine F2 332 305.5
Fluorine (atomic) F 340.1 315.1
Fluorine oxide FO 508.7 482.2
Fluoroacetic acid C2H3FO2 765.4 734.5
Fluoroacetylene C2HF 686 661.3
3-Fluoroaniline C6H6FN 867.3 835.5
4-Fluoroaniline C6H6FN 871.5 839.7
3-Fluorobenzaldehyde C7H5FO 814.3 782.5
4-Fluorobenzaldehyde C7H5FO 827.1 795.3
3-Fluorobenzamide C7H6FNO 877.2 846.3
4-Fluorobenzamide C7H6FNO 877.2 846.3
Fluorobenzene C6H5F 755.9 726.6
m-Fluorobenzyl C7H6F 836.5 804
Fluoroethane C2H5F 683.4 655.8
2-Fluoroethanol C2H5FO 715.6 685.2
Fluoroethene C2H3F 729 700.1
Fluoromethane CH3F 598.9 571.5
Fluoromethylene CHF 797.9 763.8
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethanone C8H7FO 858.6 826.8
1-Fluoro-2-propanone C3H5FO 795.4 763.5
2-Fluoropyridine C5H4FN 884.6 852.7


3-Fluoropyridine C5H4FN 902.0 870.1
2-Fluorotoluene C7H7F 773.3 743.8
Atomic

Formaldehyde CH2O 712.9 683.3
Formamide CH3NO 822.2 791.2
Formic acid CH2O2 742.0 710.3
4-Formylbenzonitrile C8H5NO 796.9 766.3
Formyloxyl CHO2 623.4 590.9
Fulminic acid CHNO 758 725.5
Furan C4H4O 812 781 Ref. 10
Germane GeH4 713.4 687.1
α-d-Glucose C6H12O6 778.9
β-d-Glucose C6H12O6 778.9
l-Glutamic acid C5H9NO4 913.0 879.1
l-Glutamine C5H10N2O3 937.8 900
Glutaric anhydride C5H6O3 816 Ref. 9
Glycerol C3H8O3 874.8 820
Glycine C2H5NO2 886.5 852.2
N-Glycylglycine C4H8N2O3 882
N-(N-Glycylglycyl)glycine C6H11N3O4 966.8 916.8
Guanidine CH5N3 986.3 949.4
Guanine C5H5N5O 959.5 927.6
Guanosine C10H13N5O5 993.4 960.9
Helium He 177.8 148.5
1,7-Heptanediamine C7H18N2 998.5 944.9
4-Heptanone C7H14O 845.0 815.3
Heptylamine C7H17N 923.2 889.3
Hexafluorobenzene C6F6 648.0 624.4
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-propanol C3H2F6O 686.6 656.2
Hexahydro-1H-azepine C6H13N 956.7 923.5
2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine C7H12N2 1038.3 1005.9
Hexamethylbenzene C12H18 860.6 836.0
Hexamethyldisiloxane C6H18OSi2 846.4 816.2
Hexamethylphosphoric triamide C6H18N3OP 958.6 928.7
Hexamethylphosphorous triamide C6H18N3P 930.1 897.7
1,6-Hexanediamine C6H16N2 999.5 946.2
2,5-Hexanedione C6H10O2 892.0 851.8
3-Hexanone C6H12O 843.2 811.3
1-Hexene C6H12 805.2 776.3
trans-3-Hexen-2-one C6H10O 865.6 833.8
Hexylamine C6H15N 927.5 893.5
2-Hexylpyridine C11H17N 963.6 931.7
1-Hexyne C6H10 799.8 774.8
2-Hexyne C6H10 806.1 781.1
Histamine C5H9N3 999.8 961.9
l-Histidine C6H9N3O2 988 950.2
Hydrazine H4N2 853.2 822.4
Hydrazoic acid HN3 756.0 723.5
Hydrogen H2 422.3 394.7
Hydrogen bromide BrH 584.2 557.7
Hydrogen chloride ClH 556.9 530.1
Hydrogen cyanide CHN 712.9 681.6
Hydrogen fluoride FH 484 456.7
Hydrogen iodide HI 627.5 601.3
Hydrogen isocyanide CHN 772.3 739.8
Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 674.5 643.8
Hydrogen selenide H2Se 707.8 676.4
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 705 673.8
Hydrogen telluride H2Te 735.9 704.5
Hydroperoxy HO2 660 627.5
Hydroxyl HO 593.2 564.0
1-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanone C8H8O2 863.6 831.8


1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanone C8H8O2 883.7 851.9
Hypoxanthine C5H4N4O 912.3 880.5
Atomic
Imidazole C3H4N2 942.8 909.2
2-Imidazolidinethione C3H6N2S 921.9 891.2
1H-Indazole C7H6N2 900.8 868.9
Indene C9H8 848.8 819.6
1H-Indole C8H7N 933.4 901.9
Iodine (atomic) I 608.2 583.5
3-Iodoaniline C6H6IN 878.7 846.8
Iodoethane C2H5I 724.8 698.3
Iodomethane CH3I 691.7 665.5
1-Iodo-2-methylbenzene C7H7I 780.3 750.8
Iron Fe 754 731.1
Iron(II) oxide FeO 907 880.5
Iron pentacarbonyl C5FeO5 833.0 798.5
Isobutanal C4H8O 797.3 765.5
Isobutane C4H10 677.8 671.3
Isobutene C4H8 802.1 775.6
Isobutylamine C4H11N 924.8 890.8
Isobutyldimethylamine C6H15N 968.7 937.8
1-Isobutylpiperidine C9H19N 974.5 943.5
Isocyanic acid (HNCO) CHNO 753 718.8
Isocyanobenzene C7H5N 868.4 836.0
Isocyanomethane C2H3N 839.1 806.6
2-Isocyano-2-methylpropane C5H9N 870.7 838.3
1-Isocyanopropane C4H7N 856.8 824.3
l-Isoleucine C6H13NO2 917.4 883.5
Isophorone C9H14O 893.5 861.6
Isopropenylbenzene C9H10 864.2 835.3
Isopropyl acetate C5H10O2 836.6 805.6
Isopropylamine C3H9N 923.8 889.0
Isopropylbenzene C9H12 791.6 763.9
Isopropyl formate C4H8O2 811.3 780.3
Isopropylmethylamine C4H11N 952.4 919.4
Isopropyl methyl ether C4H10O 826.3 797.1
Isopropyl nitrite C3H7NO2 845.5 813.0
4-Isopropylpyridine C8H11N 955.7 923.8
Isoquinoline C9H7N 951.7 919.9
Isoxazole C3H3NO 848.6 816.8
Ketene C2H2O 825.3 793.6
Krypton Kr 424.6 402.4
Lanthanum La 1013 991.9
l-Leucine C6H13NO2 914.6 880.6
Lithium bromide BrLi 819 792.5
Lithium chloride ClLi 827 800.5
Lithium hydride HLi 1021.7 996.4
Lithium hydroxide HLiO 1000.1 972.1
Lithium oxide Li2O 1206 1175.3
Lutetium Lu 992 970.6
l-Lysine C6H14N2O2 996 951.0
Magnesium Mg 819.6 797.3
Magnesium oxide MgO 988 959.4
Malononitrile C3H2N2 723.0 694.1
Manganese Mn 797.3 774.4
Manganese 2-methylcyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl C9H7MnO3 833.8 801.3
Mesityl oxide C6H10O 878.7 846.9
Metaboric acid (α form) BHO2 763.0 730.5
Methacrylic acid C4H6O2 816.7 785.7
Methane CH4 543.5 520.6
Methanesulfonic acid CH4O3S 761.3 728.9
Methanethiol CH4S 773.4 742
Methanol CH4O 754.3 724.5
l-Methionine C5H11NO2S 935.4 901.5


Methoxyacetonitrile C3H5NO 758.1 727.4
2-Methoxyaniline C7H9NO 905.2 873.3
Atomic

3-Methoxybenzaldehyde C8H8O2 844.1 812.2
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde C8H8O2 881.1 849.3
3-Methoxybenzamide C8H9NO2 900.9 869.9
4-Methoxybenzamide C8H9NO2 900.3 869.4
Methoxycyclohexane C7H14O 840.5 811.3
4-Methoxy-N,N-dimethylaniline C9H13NO 949.1 922.4
2-Methoxyethanol C3H8O2 768.8 729.8
2-Methoxyethylamine C3H9NO 928.6 894.6
1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)ethanone C9H10O2 871.2 839.3
2-Methoxy-1-propene C4H8O 894.9 866.1
2-Methoxypyridine C6H7NO 934.7 902.8
N-Methylacetamide C3H7NO 888.5 857.6
Methyl acetate C3H6O2 821.6 790.7
4-Methylacetophenone C9H10O 875.5 843.6
Methyl acrylate C4H6O2 825.8 794.8
2-Methylallyl C4H7 778 747.3
Methylamidogen CH4N 832.8 801.6
Methylamine CH5N 899.0 864.5
Methyl 4-aminobenzoate C8H9NO2 883.9 853.0
2-Methylaniline C7H9N 890.9 859.1
N-Methylaniline C7H9N 916.6 890.1
2-Methylanisole C8H10O 850 818 Ref. 10
2-Methylanthracene C15H12 887.5 855.1
9-Methylanthracene C15H12 896.5 865.8
Methyl azide CH3N3 833 800.5
1-Methylaziridine C3H7N 934.8 904.1
3-Methylbenzaldehyde C8H8O 840.0 808.1
4-Methylbenzaldehyde C8H8O 851.8 820.0
3-Methylbenzamide C8H9NO 900.9 869.9
4-Methylbenzamide C8H9NO 900.9 869.9
1-Methyl-1H-benzimidazole C8H8N2 967.0 935.2
Methyl benzoate C8H8O2 850.5 819.5
2-Methylbenzofuran C9H8O 859.6 827.2
1-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole C7H7N3 931.2 898.7
2-Methylbiphenyl C13H12 815.9 783.4
2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene C5H8 826.4 797.6
2-Methyl-2-butanamine C5H13N 937.8 903.6
Methyl butanoate C5H10O2 836.4 805.4
3-Methyl-2-butanone C5H10O 836.3 804.4
3-Methyl-2-butenal C5H8O 856.9 825.0
2-Methyl-2-butene C5H10 808.8 779.9
Methyl trans-2-butenoate C5H8O2 851.3 820.4
cis-2-Methyl-2-butenoic acid C5H8O2 822.5 791.5
3-Methyl-2-butenoic acid C5H8O2 822.9 791.9
3-Methyl-3-buten-2-one C5H8O 843.1 811.3
Methyl tert-butyl ether C5H12O 841.6 812.4
3-Methyl-1-butyne C5H8 814.9 787.8
Methyl 3-chlorobenzoate C8H7ClO2 835.4 804.4
Methyl 4-chlorobenzoate C8H7ClO2 842.1 811.1
1-Methylcyclobutene C5H8 841.5 807.3
Methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate C8H14O2 846.2 815.3


4-Methylcyclohexanone C7H12O 844.9 813.0
1-Methylcyclohexene C7H12 825.1 792.6
Atomic
1-Methylcyclopentene C6H10 816.5 787.1
Methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate C5H8O2 842.1 811.2
2-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline C9H13N 951.8 925.3
Methyl 2,4-dimethylbenzoate C10H12O2 868.2 837.2
Methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate C6H12O2 845.2 814.2
Methyldiphenylphosphine C13H13P 972.1 939.7
Methyldipropylamine C7H17N 983.5 950.9
Methylenecyclopentane C6H10 832.4 803.5
N-Methylformamide C2H5NO 851.3 820.3
Methyl formate C2H4O2 782.5 751.5
Methyl 4-formylbenzoate C9H8O3 832.9 801.9
2-Methylfuran C5H6O 865.9 833.5
3-Methylfuran C5H6O 854.0 821.5
4-Methylglutaric anhydride C6H8O3 820 Ref. 9
Methylhydrazine CH6N2 898.8 866.4
Methyl 3-hydroxybenzoate C8H8O3 850.0 819.1
Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate C8H8O3 863.4 832.5
O-Methylhydroxylamine CH5NO 844.8 812.3
1-Methylimidazol C4H6N2 959.6 927.7
2-Methyl-1H-imidazole C4H6N2 963.4 929.6
4-Methyl-1H-imidazole C4H6N2 952.8 920.9
1-Methyl-1H-indazole C8H8N2 922.4 890.5
2-Methyl-2H-indazole C8H8N2 941.4 909.6
Methyl isobutanoate C5H10O2 836.6 805.7
Methyl isocyanate C2H3NO 764.4 732.0
Methyl isothiocyanate C2H3NS 799.2 766.7
Methyl methacrylate C5H8O2 831.4 800.5
Methyl 3-methoxybenzoate C9H10O3 856.7 825.8
Methyl 4-methoxybenzoate C9H10O3 870.6 839.6
Methyl 2-methylbenzoate C9H10O2 858.3 827.3
1-Methyl-2-(1-methylvinyl)benzene C10H12 857.8 828.9
1-Methylnaphthalene C11H10 834.8 805.3
2-Methylnaphthalene C11H10 831.9 802.4
Methyl nitrate CH3NO3 733.6 714.8
Methyl nitrite CH3NO2 798.9 766.4
N-Methyl-4-nitroaniline C7H8N2O2 891.6 865.1
Methyl 3-nitrobenzoate C8H7NO4 815.7 784.7
Methyl 4-nitrobenzoate C8H7NO4 813.2 782.3
N-Methyl-N-nitromethanamine C2H6N2O2 828.3 795.8
2-Methyl-2-norbornene C8H12 845 812.5
2-Methyl-1,3-pentadiene C6H10 864.9 836
3-Methyl-1,3-pentadiene C6H10 852.3 823.4
2-Methyl-2-pentene C6H12 812 783.1
2-Methylphenoxy C7H7O 874.5 842
1-(3-Methylphenyl)ethanone C9H10O 868.2 836.4
1-Methyl-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole C10H10N2 932.6 900.8
1-Methyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole C10H10N2 932.4 900.5
Methyl phenyl sulfone C7H8O2S 812.7 780.3
Methylphosphine CH5P 851.5 817.6
1-Methylpiperidine C6H13N 971.1 940.1
1-Methyl-2-piperidinone C6H11NO 924.4 892.6
2-Methylpropanamide C4H9NO 878.6 846.7
N-Methylpropanamide C4H9NO 920.4 889.4


2-Methylpropanenitrile C4H7N 803.6 772.8
2-Methyl-1-propanethiol C4H10S 802.6 771.4
Atomic
2-Methyl-2-propanethiol C4H10S 816.4 785.1

Methyl propanoate C4H8O2 830.2 799.2
2-Methyl-1-propanol C4H10O 793.7 762.2
2-Methyl-2-propanol C4H10O 802.6 772.2
2-Methylpropenal C4H6O 808.7 776.8
2-Methyl-2-propenamide C4H7NO 880.4 849.4
Methyl propyl ether C4H10O 814.9 785.7
6-Methyl-1H-purine C6H6N4 939.2 907.3
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole C4H6N2 912.0 880.1
2-Methylpyridine C6H7N 949.1 917.3
Methyl 3-pyridinecarboxylate C7H7NO2 925.6 893.8
Methyl 4-pyridinecarboxylate C7H7NO2 926.6 894.7
3-Methylpyridine-1-oxide C6H7NO 935.2 902.8
1-Methyl-2(1H)-pyridinone C6H7NO 925.8 894.8
N-Methylpyrrolidine C5H11N 965.6 934.8
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone C5H9NO 923.5 891.6
2-Methylstyrene C9H10 855.2 826.3
3-Methylsuccinic anhydride C5H6O3 807 Ref. 9
2-Methyltetrahydrofuran C5H10O 840.8 811.6
2-Methylthiazole C4H5NS 930.6 898.7
Methylthiirane C3H6S 833.3 801.5
(Methylthio)acetonitrile C3H5NS 784.8 754.1
(Methylthio)benzene C7H8S 872.6 843.7
Methyl thiocyanate C2H3NS 796.7 766.1
(Methylthio)ethene C3H6S 858.2 829.3
2-Methylthiophene C5H6S 859.0 826.5
Methyl trifluoroacetate C3H3F3O2 740.5 709.6
Methyl trifluoromethyl ether C2H3F3O 719.2 690.0
Methyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoate C11H14O2 866.3 835.3
(1-Methylvinyl)cyclopropane C6H10 871.6 842.7
Methyl vinyl ether C3H6O 859.2 830.3
Molybdenum carbonyl C6MoO6 762.6 738.1
Morpholine C4H9NO 924.3 891.2
Naphthacene C18H12 905.5 876.5
Naphthalene C10H8 802.9 779.4
1,8-Naphthalenediamine C10H10N2 944.5 912.1
1-Naphthylamine C10H9N 907.0 875.1
Neon Ne 198.8 174.4
Nickel Ni 737 714.1
Nickel carbonyl [Ni(CO)4] C4NiO4 742.3 716.0
Nickelocene C10H10Ni 935.7 907.3
l-Nicotine C10H14N2 963.4 932.6
Nitramide H2N2O2 757.4 725.0
Nitric acid HNO3 751.4 731.5
Nitric oxide NO 531.8 505.3
4-Nitroaniline C6H6N2O2 866.0 834.2
4-Nitrobenzaldehyde C7H5NO3 795.1 763.2
3-Nitrobenzamide C7H6N2O3 854.2 823.2
4-Nitrobenzamide C7H6N2O3 845.3 814.4
Nitrobenzene C6H5NO2 800.3 769.5
4-Nitrobenzenemethanol C7H7NO3 810.5 778.0
3-Nitrobenzonitrile C7H4N2O2 781.4 750.7
4-Nitrobenzonitrile C7H4N2O2 775.7 745.1
Nitroethane C2H5NO2 765.7 733.2
Nitrogen N2 493.8 464.5


Nitrogen (atomic) N 342.2 318.7
Nitrogen dioxide NO2 591.0 560.3
Atomic
Nitrogen trifluoride F3N 568.4 538.6
Nitromethane CH3NO2 754.6 721.6
1-(3-Nitrophenyl)ethanone C8H7NO3 826.0 794.1
1-(4-Nitrophenyl)ethanone C8H7NO3 824.3 792.5
4-Nitropyridine C5H4N2O2 874.3 842.5
4-Nitropyridine 1-oxide C5H4N2O3 868.0 837.3
Nitrosobenzene C6H5NO 854.3 823.6
4-Nitrotoluene C7H7NO2 815.2 782.7
Nitrous oxide N2O 549.8 523.3 Protonation at N
Nitrous oxide N2O 575.2 548.7 Protonation at O
5-Nonanone C9H18O 853.7 821.9
2,5-Norbornadiene C7H8 849.3 820.3
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octahydroanthracene C14H18 845.4 814.7
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octahydrophenanthrene C14H18 846.2 815.5
Octylamine C8H19N 928.9 895.0
4-Octylaniline C14H23N 894.5 862
Osmium(VIII) oxide O4Os 676.9 650.6
7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane C6H10O 844.2 816.8
7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane C6H10O 848.1 815.6
Oxazole C3H3NO 876.4 844.5
Oxepane C6H12O 834.2 806.8
Oxetane C3H6O 801.3 773.9
Oxirane C2H4O 774.2 745.3
Oxomethyl (HCO) CHO 636 601.8
Oxygen O2 421 396.3
Oxygen (atomic) O 485.2 459.6
Ozone O3 625.5 595.9
Palladium Pd 696 673.4
Pentaborane(9) B5H9 699.4 666.9
trans-1,3-Pentadiene C5H8 834.1 804.4
Pentafluorobenzene C6HF5 690.4 662.7
Pentamethylbenzene C11H16 850.7 823.5
Pentanal C5H10O 796.6 764.8
1,5-Pentanediamine C5H14N2 999.6 946.2
2,4-Pentanedione C5H8O2 873.5 836.8
Pentanenitrile C5H9N 802.4 771.7
2-Pentanone C5H10O 832.7 800.9
3-Pentanone C5H10O 836.8 807
trans-2-Pentenal C5H8O 839.0 807.2
Pentylamine C5H13N 923.5 889.5
2-Pentyne C5H8 810.2 778.0
Perfluoroacetone C3F6O 670.4 639.7
Perfluorocyclobutane C4F8 >544 Ref. 6
Perfluoropyridine C5F5N 764.9 733.0
Perylene C20H12 888.6 859.6
Phenanthrene C14H10 825.7 795.0
Phenazine C12H8N2 938.4 908.3
Phenol C6H6O 817.3 786.3
Phenoxy C6H5O 873.2 Ref. 4
Phenyl C6H5 884 851.5
Phenylacetylene C8H6 832.0 801.3
l-Phenylalanine C9H11NO2 922.9 888.9
1-Phenylpiperidine C11H15N 952.9 926.4
1-Phenyl-1-propanone C9H10O 867.4 835.6
1-Phenyl-2-propanone C9H10O 842.6 810.8
4-Phenylpyridine C11H9N 939.7 907.8
Phenyl-3-pyridinylmethanone C12H9NO 934.1 902.3
1-Phenylpyrrolidine C10H13N 941.6 915.1
Phosphine H3P 785 750.9
Phosphino H2P 709.2 675.7
Phosphorus P 626.8 604.8


Phosphorus(III) fluoride F3P 695.3 662.8
Phosphorus monohydride HP 670.3 639.6
Atomic
Phosphorus monoxide OP 682 649.5

Phosphorus nitride NP 789.4 757.0
Phosphoryl fluoride F3OP 694.0 664.2
Picene C22H14 851.3 820.6
Piperazine C4H10N2 943.7 914.7
Piperidine C5H11N 954.0 921
Potassium hydroxide HKO 1101.8 1075.4
Potassium oxide K2O 1342.5 1311.8
l-Proline C5H9NO2 920.5 886.0
Propanal C3H6O 786.0 754.0
Propanamide C3H7NO 876.2 845.3
Propane C3H8 625.7 607.8
1,3-Propanediamine C3H10N2 987.0 940.0
1,3-Propanediol C3H8O2 876.2 825.9
Propanenitrile C3H5N 794.1 763.0
1-Propanethiol C3H8S 794.9 763.6
2-Propanethiol C3H8S 803.6 772.3
Propanoic acid C3H6O2 797.2 766.2
1-Propanol C3H8O 786.5 756.1
2-Propanol C3H8O 793.0 762.6
Propene C3H6 741.6 Ref. 5
1-Propen-1-one C3H4O 834.1 803.4
cis-1-Propenylbenzene C9H10 836.4 807.5
trans-1-Propenylbenzene C9H10 834.2 805.3
Propyl acetate C5H10O2 836.6 805.6
Propylamine C3H9N 917.8 883.9
Propylbenzene C9H12 790.1 762.4
Propyleneimine C3H7N 925.1 892.1
Propyl formate C4H8O2 804.9 773.9
2-Propylpyridine C8H11N 955.7 923.8
Propyl trifluoroacetate C5H7F3O2 763.9 732.9
2-Propyn-1-amine C3H5N 887.4 853.5
Propyne C3H4 748.2 723.0
2-Propynyl C3H3 741 708.5
1H-Purine C5H4N4 920.1 888.2
Pyrazine C4H4N2 877.1 847.0
1H-Pyrazol-3-amine C3H5N3 921.5 889.6
1H-Pyrazol-4-amine C3H5N3 907.6 874.0
1H-Pyrazole C3H4N2 894.1 860.5
Pyrene C16H10 869.2 840.1
Pyridazine C4H4N2 907.2 877.1
2-Pyridinamine C5H6N2 947.2 915.3
Pyridine C5H5N 930 898.1
2-Pyridinecarbonitrile C6H4N2 872.9 841
3-Pyridinecarbonitrile C6H4N2 877.0 845.1
4-Pyridinecarbonitrile C6H4N2 880.6 848.8
4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde C6H5NO 904.6 872.8
3-Pyridinecarboxamide C6H6N2O 918.3 886.4
Pyridine-1-oxide C5H5NO 923.6 892.9
3-Pyridinol C5H5NO 929.5 897.7
1-(3-Pyridinyl)ethanone C7H7NO 916.2 884.3
1-(4-Pyridinyl)ethanone C7H7NO 914.7 882.9
Pyrimidine C4H4N2 885.8 855.7
2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedithione C4H4N2S2 911.4 880.5
Pyrrole C4H5N 875.4 843.8
Pyrrolidine C4H9N 948.3 915.3
3-(2-Pyrrolidinyl)pyridine, (S)- C9H12N2 964.0 931.0
1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine C7H6N2 940.2 908.3
Pyruvonitrile C3H3NO 746.9 716.2


Quinoline C9H7N 953.2 921.4
Quinoxaline C8H6N2 903.8 873.7
Atomic
Rhodium Rh 768 745.4
Ruthenium Ru 774 751.4
Ruthenocene C10H10Ru 899.1 876.8
Sarcosine C3H7NO2 921.2 888.7
Scandium Sc 914 892.0
Selenoformaldehyde CH2Se 764.0 734.9
l-Serine C3H7NO3 914.6 880.7
Silane H4Si 639.7 613.4
Silicon Si 837 814.1
Silicon monosulfide SSi 627 596.6 Protonation at Si
Silicon monosulfide SSi 683 660.2 Protonation at S
Silicon monoxide OSi 777.8 750.4 Protonation at O
Silicon monoxide OSi 533 500.5 Protonation at Si
Silylene H2Si 839.2 804.1
Sodium hydride HNa 1095 1070.6
Sodium hydroxide HNaO 1071.8 1044.8
Sodium oxide Na2O 1375.9 1345.2
Strontium oxide OSr 1209 1180.7
Styrene C8H8 839.5 809.2
Succinic anhydride C4H4O3 797 Ref. 9
Sulfur S 664.3 640.2
Sulfur dioxide O2S 672.3 643.3
Sulfur hexafluoride F6S 575.3 550.7
Sulfuric acid H2O4S 717 681 Ref. 3
Sulfur trioxide (α-form) O3S 588.3 560.3
Sulfuryl fluoride F2O2S 605.5 580.5
Tetraborane(10) B4H10 605 572.5
Tetraethylene glycol C8H18O5 >910
Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether C10H22O5 953.8 897.8
Tetraethylhydrazine C8H20N2 964.3 935.3
1,2,3,4-Tetrafluorobenzene C6H2F4 700.4 672.7
Tetrafluoromethane CF4 529.3 503.7
Tetrafluorosilane F4Si 502.9 476.6
Tetrahydrofuran C4H8O 822.1 794.7
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroisoquinoline C9H11N 966.6 934.7
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene C10H12 809.7 782.1
Tetrahydropyran C5H10O 822.8 795.4
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinoline C9H11N 966.0 934.1
Tetrahydrothiophene C4H8S 849.1 819.3
N,N,2,6-Tetramethylaniline C10H15N 954.1 923.2
N,N,3,5-Tetramethylaniline C10H15N 956.1 924.3
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene C10H14 845.6 816.5
N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-1,2-benzenediamine C10H16N2 982.6 950.2
1,4,7,7-Tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one C11H18O 863.3 831.4
N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-1,4-butanediamine C8H20N2 1046.3 992.7
1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane C4H14OSi2 845.3 814.6
N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-1,2-ethanediamine C6H16N2 1012.8 970.6
1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidine C5H13N3 1031.6 997.4
N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine C10H24N2 1035.8 982.2
N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylmethanediamine C5H14N2 952.2 919.8
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine C9H19N 987.0 953.9
N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine C7H18N2 1035.2 985.4
Tetramethylstannane C4H12Sn 823.7 797.4
Tetramethylthiourea C5H12N2S 947.6 916.6
Tetramethylurea C5H12N2O 930.6 899.6
2,6,10,14-Tetraoxapentadecane C11H24O4 895.1
Thiacyclohexane C5H10S 855.8 826.0
2-Thiazolamine C3H4N2S 930.6 898.7
Thiazole C3H3NS 904 872.1


Thietane C3H6S 834.8 805.0
Thiirane C2H4S 807.4 777.6
Atomic
Thioacetamide C2H5NS 884.6 852.8

Thiocyanate CNS 751 718.5
Thioformaldehyde CH2S 759.7 730.5
Thiophene C4H4S 815.0 784.3
Thiourea CH4N2S 893.7 863.9
l-Threonine C4H9NO3 922.5 888.5
Thymidine C10H14N2O5 948.3 915.9
Thymine C5H6N2O2 880.9 850.0
Titanium Ti 876 853.7
Toluene C7H8 784.0 756.3
o-Toluic acid C8H8O2 838.8 807.8
m-Toluic acid C8H8O2 829.8 798.8
p-Toluic acid C8H8O2 836.7 805.7
1,3,5-Triazine C3H3N3 848.8 819.6
1H-1,2,3-Triazole C2H3N3 879.3 847.4
1H-1,2,4-Triazole C2H3N3 886.0 855.9
Tributylamine C12H27N 998.5 967.6
1,3,5-Tri-tert-butylbenzene C18H30 848.8 822.3
Trichloroacetaldehyde C2HCl3O 722.3 690.5
Trichloroacetic acid C2HCl3O2 770.0 739.1
Trichloroacetonitrile C2Cl3N 723.2 692.6
2,2,2-Trichloroethanol C2H3Cl3O 729.3 698.9
2,2,2-Trichloro-1-phenylethanone C8H5Cl3O 818.9 787.0
1,1,1-Trichloro-2-propanone C3H3Cl3O 768.3 736.3
Tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decan-1-amine C10H17N 948.8 916.3
Tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane-1-carbonitrile C11H15N 834.4 803.8
1-Tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-ylethanone C12H18O 864.9 833.1
Triethylamine C6H15N 981.8 951
Triethylenediamine C6H12N2 963.4 934.6
Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether C8H18O4 946.6 892.4
Triethyl phosphate C6H15O4P 909.3 879.6
Triethylphosphine C6H15P 984.5 952.0
Triethylphosphine oxide C6H15OP 936.6 906.8
Triethylsilanol C6H16OSi 822.1 794.8
Trifluoroacetic acid C2HF3O2 711.7 680.7
1,1,1-Trifluoroacetone C3H3F3O 723.9 692.0
Trifluoroacetonitrile C2F3N 688.4 657.7
Trifluoroacetyl chloride C2ClF3O 681.6 649.8
1,2,3-Trifluorobenzene C6H3F3 724.3 696.6
2,2,2-Trifluoro-N,N-dimethylacetamide C4H6F3NO 849.0 818.0
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol C2H3F3O 700.2 669.9
Trifluoroethene C2HF3 699.4 666.9
2,2,2-Trifluoroethylamine C2H4F3N 846.8 812.9
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl methyl ether C3H5F3O 747.6 718.4
Trifluoroiodomethane CF3I 628.0 598.2
Trifluoromethane CHF3 619.5 589.7
Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid CHF3O3S 699.4 666.9
3-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline C7H6F3N 856.9 825.1
4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde C8H5F3O 805.6 773.8
3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile C8H4F3N 791.4 760.8
4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile C8H4F3N 787.2 758.3
Trifluoronitrosomethane CF3NO 703.3 670.8
2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-phenylethanone C8H5F3O 799.2 767.4
1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene C9H12O3 926.7 898.2
Trimethylamine C3H9N 948.9 918.1
Trimethylamine oxide C3H9NO 983.2 953.5
Trimethylarsine C3H9As 897.3 864.9
N,N,3-Trimethylbenzamide C10H13NO 927.0 896.0
N,N,4-Trimethylbenzamide C10H13NO 927.0 896.0


1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene C9H12 836.2 808.6
Trimethyl borate C3H9BO3 815.8 783.4
Atomic
1,3,5-Trimethyl-2-nitrobenzene C9H11NO2 823.8 793.1
2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanone C8H16O 856.9 825.0
Trimethyl phosphate C3H9O4P 890.6 860.8
Trimethylphosphine C3H9P 958.8 926.3
Trimethyl phosphite C3H9O3P 929.7 899.9
N,N,2-Trimethylpropenylamine C6H13N 967.0 934.5
1,3,5-Trimethyl-1H-pyrazole C6H10N2 949.3 917.4
3,4,5-Trimethyl-1H-pyrazole C6H10N2 949.3 916.0
Trimethylsilanol C3H10OSi 814.0 781.5
Triphenylamine C18H15N 908.9 876.4
Triphenylarsine C18H15As 908.9 876.4
Triphenylarsine oxide C18H15AsO 906.2 876.4
Triphenylene C18H12 819.2 791.2
Triphenylphosphine C18H15P 972.8 940.4
Triphenylphosphine oxide C18H15OP 906.2 876.4
Triphenylphosphine sulfide C18H15PS 906.2 876.4
Triphenylstibine C18H15Sb 845.5 813.1
Tripropylamine C9H21N 991.0 960.1
l-Tryptophan C11H12N2O2 948.9 915
Tungsten carbonyl C6O6W 758.0 733.4
l-Tyrosine C9H11NO3 926 892.1
Uracil C4H4N2O2 872.7 841.7
Uranium U 995.2 973.2
Urea CH4N2O 873.5 841.6 Protonation at O; Ref. 8
Uridine C9H12N2O6 947.6 916.6
l-Valine C5H11NO2 910.6 876.7
Vanadium V 859.4 836.8
Vinyl acetate C4H6O2 813.9 782.9
Vinylcyclopropane C5H8 816.3 787.5
4-Vinylpyridine C7H7N 944.1 912.3
Vinyltrimethylsilane C5H12Si 833 804.1
Water H2O 691 660.0
Xenon Xe 499.6 478.1
o-Xylene C8H10 796.0 768.3
m-Xylene C8H10 812.1 786.2
p-Xylene C8H10 794.4 766.8
Yttrium Y 967 945.9
Zinc Zn 608.6 586.0

ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR POLARIZABILITIES
Thomas M. Miller
Atomic
The polarizability of an atom or molecule describes the Scientific, Singapore, 1997; Bonin, K. D., and Kadar-Kallen, Int.
response of the electron cloud to an external field. The atomic J. Mod. Phys. B, 24, 3313, 1994; and Miller, T. M., and Bederson,
or molecular energy shift ΔW due to an external electric field E B., Advances in Atomic and Molecular Physics, 13, 1, 1977, and
is proportional to E 2 for external fields that are weak compared Gould, H., and Miller, T. M., Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and
to the internal electric fields between the nucleus and electron Optical Physics, 51, 243, 2005. Details on polarizability-related
cloud. The electric dipole polarizability α is the constant of pro- interactions, especially in regard to hyperpolarizabilities and
portionality defined by ΔW = –αE 2/2. The induced electric dipole nonlinear optical phenomena, are given by Bogaard, M. P., and
moment is αE. Hyperpolarizabilities, coefficients of higher pow- Orr, B. J., in Physical Chemistry, Series Two, Vol. 2, Molecular
ers of E, are less often required. Technically, the polarizability is Structure and Properties, Buckingham, A. D., Ed., Butterworths,
a tensor quantity but for spherically symmetric charge distribu- London, 1975, pp. 149–194. A tabulation of tensor and hyperpo-
tions reduces to a single number. In any case, an average polariz- larizabilities is included.
ability is usually adequate in calculations. Frequency-dependent An empirical additive formula for molecular polarizabilities at
or dynamic polarizabilities are needed for electric fields that vary 589 nm frequency has been given in Bosque, R., and Sales, J., J.
in time, except for frequencies that are much lower than electron Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 42, 1154, 2002:
orbital frequencies, where static polarizabilities suffice.
Polarizabilities for atoms and molecules in excited states are α= 0.32 + 1.51#C + 0.17#H + 0.57#O + 1.05#N
found to be larger than for ground states and may be positive or + 2.99#S + 2.48#P + 0.22#F + 2.16#Cl + 3.29#Br + 5.45#I,
negative. Molecular polarizabilities are very slightly temperature
dependent since the size of the molecule depends on its rovibra- where #C denotes the number of carbon atoms in the molecule,
tional state. Only in the case of dihydrogen has this effect been etc. A helium-elimination additive method has been given by
studied enough to warrant consideration. Kassimi, N. E.-B., and Thakkar, A. J., Chem. Phys. Lett. 472, 232,
Polarizabilities are normally expressed in c.g.s. units of cm3. 2009.
Ground state polarizabilities are in the range of 10 –24 cm3 = 1 All polarizabilities in this table are experimental values except
Å3 and hence are often given in Å3 units. Theorists tend to use those indicated as calculated in the Note column. The experimen-
atomic units of a03 where a0 is the Bohr radius. The conversion is tal polarizabilities are mostly determined by measurements of a
α(cm3) = 0.148184 × 10 -24 × α(a03). Polarizabilities are only recently dielectric constant or refractive index and are quite precise (0.5%
encountered in SI units, C m2/V = J/(V/m)2. The conversion from or better). However, one should treat many of the results with sev-
c.g.s. units to SI units is α(C m2/V) = 4πε 0 × 10 -6 α(cm3), where eral percent of caution because of the age of the data and because
ε 0 is the permittivity of free space in SI units and the factor 10 –6 some of the results refer to optical frequencies rather than static.
simply converts cm3 into m3. Thus, α(C m2/V) = 1.11265 × 10 -16 × Comments given with the references are intended to allow one to
α(cm3). Persons measuring excited state polarizabilities by opti- judge the degree of caution required. Interested persons should
cal methods tend to use units of MHz/(V/cm)2, where the energy consult these references. In many cases, the reference given is to
shift, ΔW, is expressed in frequency units with a factor of h under- a theoretical paper in which the experimental results are quoted.
stood. The polarizability is –2 ΔW/E 2. The conversion into c.g.s. These papers, noted in the References, contain valuable informa-
units is α(cm3) = 5.955214 × 10 -16 × α[MHz/(V/cm)2]. tion on polarizability calculations and experimental data, which
The polarizability appears in many formulas for low-energy often includes the tensor components of the polarizability.
processes involving the valence electrons of atoms or molecules. The table first lists atoms in order of atomic number, followed
These formulas are given below in c.g.s. units: the polarizabil- by molecules in alphabetical order by name.
ity α is in cm3; masses m or μ are in grams; energies are in ergs;
and electric charges are in esu, where e = 4.8032 × 10 -10esu. The
Formulas Involving Polarizability
symbol α(ν) denotes a frequency (ν) dependent polarizability,
where α(ν) reduces to the static polarizability α for ν = 0. For The gas number density, n, in the list of formulas is usually
further information, see Bonin, K. D., and Kresin, V. V., Electric taken to be that of 1 atm at 0 ºC in reporting experimental data.
Dipole Polarizabilities of Atoms, Molecules, and Clusters, World
Description Formula Remarks

Lorentz-Lorenz relation For a gas of atoms or nonpolar molecules; the index of refraction is η(ν)
3 η ( ν) − 1
2
α ( ν) =
4 πn η2 ( ν ) + 2
Refraction by polar molecules The dipole moment is d, in esu.cm (= 10–18 D)

3 η ( ν) − 1
2
d2
α ( ν) + =
3kT 4 πn η ( ν ) + 2
2
Dielectric constant κ(ν) = 1+ 4πn α(ν) From the Lorentz-Lorenz relation for the usual case of κ(ν) ≈ 1
(dimensionless)
Index of refraction μ(ν) = 1+ 2πnα(ν) From η3(ν) = κ(ν)
(dimensionless)
10-188

Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities 10-189
Description Formula Remarks

Diamagnetic susceptibility χm = e2(a0Nα)½ / 4mec2 From the approximation that the static polarizability is given by the
variational formula α = (4/9a0)Σ(Niri2)2; N is the number of electrons, me
Atomic
is the electron mass; a crude approximation is χm = (Ei/4mec2)α, where Ei is
the ionization energy
Long-range electron- or V(r) = -e2α / 2r4 The target molecule polarizability is α
ion-molecule interaction
energy
Ion mobility in a gas κ = -13.87 / (αμ)½cm2 / V · s This one formula is not in c.g.s. units. Enter α in Å3 or 10-24 cm3 units and
the reduced mass μ of the ion-molecule pair in amu. Classical limit; pure
polarization potential
Langevin capture cross σ(ν0) = (2πe / ν0)(α / μ)½ The relative velocity of apαproach for an ion-molecule pair is ν0; the target
section molecular polarizability is α and the reduced mass of the ion-molecule
pair is μ
Langevin reaction rate k = 2πe(α / μ)½ Collisional rate coefficient for an ion-molecule reaction
coefficient
Rate coefficient for polar kd = 2πe[(α / μ)½ + cd(2 / μπkT)½] The dipole moment of the neutral is d in esu cm; the number c is a “locking
molecules factor” that depends on α and d, and is between 0 and 1
Modified effective range cross σ(k) = 4πA2 +32π4μe2αAk / 3h2 Here, k is the electron momentum divided by h/2π, where h is Planck’s
section for electron-neutral +... constant; A is called the “scattering length”; the reduced mass is μ
scattering
van der Waals constant For the interaction potential term V6(r)= –C6r6; EA,B represents average
3 α Aα B E A E B
between two systems A, B C6 = dipole transition energies and αA,B the respective polarizabilities of A, B
2 EA + EB
Dipole-quadrupole constant For the interaction potential term V8(r) = –C8r8;EqA,B represents average
between two systems A, B 15 α A α q B E A Eq B quadrupole transition energies and αqA,B are the respective quadrupole
C8 =
4 E A + Eq B polarizabilities of A, B
15 α q A α B Eq A E B
+
4 Eq A + E B
van der Waals constant For an interaction potential V3(r) = –C3r3; EA,S are characteristic energies of
αgE A E S
between an atom and a C3 = the atom and surface; g = 1 for a free-electron metal and g = (ε∞ – 1)/(ε∞ +
surface (
8 E +E A S
) 1) for an ionic crystal
Relationship between α(ν) and Here, fk is the oscillator strength from the ground state to an excited state
e2 h 2 fk
oscillator strengths α ( v) = Σ k, with excitation energy Ek. This formula is often used to estimate static
4 π 2 me Ek2 − ( hv )2
polarizabilities (ν = 0)
Dynamic polarizability Approximate variation of the frequency-dependent polarizability α(ν) from
αEr 2
α ( v) = 2 ν = 0 up to the first dipole-allowed electronic transition, of energy Er; the
Er − ( h ν )
2
static dipole polarizability is α(0); infrared contributions ignored
Rayleigh scattering cross The photon frequency is ν; the polarizability anisotropy (the difference
8π
section α ( v) =
9c 4
( 2 πν)4 between polarizabilities parallel and perpendicular to the molecular axis)
is γ(ν)
× 3α 2 ( ν ) + 2 γ 2 ( ν ) / 3
Verdet constant Defined from θ = V(ν)B, where θ is the angle of rotation of linearly
νn dα ( ν )
V ( ν) = polarized light through a medium of number density n, per unit length,
2 me c 2 dν for a longitudinal magnetic field strength B (Faraday effect)
Name Mol. Form. α/10-24 cm3 Ref. Note Z

Hydrogen (atomic) H 0.666793 1 calculated ("exact") 1
Helium He 0.2050522 2 calculated ("exact") 2
Helium He 0.2050519 3 dielectric constant (±0.009%) 2
Lithium Li 24.33 4 atomic beam deflection (±0.16%) 3
Beryllium Be 5.60 1 calculated (±2%) 4
Boron B 3.03 1 calculated (±2%) 5
Carbon C 1.67 5 calculated (±2%) 6
Nitrogen (atomic) N 1.10 1 calc/index of refraction (±2%) 7
Oxygen (atomic) O 0.802 1 calc/index of refraction (±2%) 8
Fluorine (atomic) F 0.557 1 calculated (±2%) 9
Neon Ne 0.39432 6 dielectric constant (±0.003) 10
Sodium Na 24.11 7 interferom (±0.12%) 11
Sodium Na 24.11 8 interferom (±0.33%) 11
Magnesium Mg 10.6 1 calculated (±2%) 12

10-190 Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities

Aluminum Al 6.8 11 atomic beam deflection (±4.4%) 13
Atomic
Silicon Si 5.53 5 calculated (±2%) 14

Phosphorus P 3.63 1 calculated (±2%) 15
Sulfur S 2.90 1 calculated (±2%) 16
Chlorine (atomic) Cl 2.18 1 calculated (±2%) 17
Argon Ar 1.6411 12,13 index/dielectric constant (±0.05%) 18
Potassium K 43.06 8 interferometer (±0.49%) 19
Potassium K 43.4 1 atomic beam deflection (±2%) 19
Calcium Ca 22.8 1 calculated (±2%) 20
Calcium Ca 29.4 10 calculated (±6%) 20
Calcium Ca 25.0 1 atomic beam deflection (±8%) 20
Scandium Sc 17.8 14 calculated (±25%) 21
Titanium Ti 14.6 14 calculated (±25%) 22
Vanadium V 12.4 14 calculated (±25%) 23
Chromium Cr 11.6 14 calculated (±25%) 24
Manganese Mn 9.4 14 calculated (±25%) 25
Iron Fe 8.4 14 calculated (±25%) 26
Cobalt Co 7.5 14 calculated (±25%) 27
Nickel Ni 6.8 14 calculated (±25%) 28
Copper Cu 6.2 10 calculated (±6%) 29
Copper Cu 6.1 14 calculated (±25%) 29
Zinc Zn 5.75 15 index of refraction (±2%) 30
Zinc Zn 6.1 10 calculated (±6%) 30
Zinc Zn 5.6 14 calculated (±25%) 30
Gallium Ga 8.12 1 calculated (±2%) 31
Germanium Ge 5.84 5 calculated (±2%) 32
Arsenic As 4.31 1 calculated (±2%) 33
Selenium Se 3.77 1 calculated (±2%) 34
Bromine (atomic) Br 3.05 1 calculated (±2%) 35
Krypton Kr 2.4844 13 dielectric constant (±0.05%) 36
Rubidium Rb 47.24 8 interferom (±0.44%) 37
Rubidium Rb 47.3 1 atomic beam deflection (±2%) 37
Strontium Sr 27.6 1 atomic beam deflection (±8%) 38
Strontium Sr 23.5 10 calculated (±6%) 38
Yttrium Y 22.7 14 calculated (±25%) 39
Zirconium Zr 17.9 14 calculated (±25%) 40
Niobium Nb 15.7 14 calculated (±25%) 41
Molybdenum Mo 12.8 14 calculated (±25%) 42
Technetium Tc 11.4 14 calculated (±25%) 43
Ruthenium Ru 9.6 14 calculated (±25%) 44
Rhodium Rh 8.6 14 calculated (±25%) 45
Palladium Pd 4.8 14 calculated (±25%) 46
Silver Ag 6.78 16 index (±18%) 47
Silver Ag 7.2 14 calculated (±25%) 47
Cadmium Cd 7.36 17 index of refraction (±3%) 48
Cadmium Cd 7.4 10 calculated (±6%) 48
Cadmium Cd 7.2 14 calculated (±25%) 48
Indium In 10.2 18 atomic beam deflection (±12%) 49
Indium In 9.1 14 calculated (±25%) 49
Tin Sn 6.28 5 beam (±26%) 50
Tin Sn 7.84 5 calculated (±2%) 50
Antimony Sb 6.6 14 calculated (±25%) 51
Tellurium Te 5.5 14 calculated (±25%) 52
Iodine (atomic) I 5.35 19 index of refraction (±25%) 53
Iodine (atomic) I 4.7 14 calculated (±25%) 53
Xenon Xe 4.044 1 dielectric constant (±0.5%) 54
Cesium Cs 59.42 20 atomic beam deflection (±0.13%) 55
Barium Ba 39.7 1 atomic beam deflection (±8%) 56
Lanthanum La 31.1 14 calculated (±25%) 57
Cerium Ce 29.6 14 calculated (±25%) 58


Praseodymium Pr 28.2 14 calculated (±25%) 59
Neodymium Nd 31.4 14 calculated (±25%) 60
Atomic
Promethium Pm 30.1 14 calculated (±25%) 61
Samarium Sm 28.8 14 calculated (±25%) 62
Europium Eu 27.7 14 calculated (±25%) 63
Gadolinium Gd 23.5 14 calculated (±25%) 64
Terbium Tb 25.5 14 calculated (±25%) 65
Dysprosium Dy 24.5 14 calculated (±25%) 66
Holmium Ho 23.6 14 calculated (±25%) 67
Erbium Er 22.7 14 calculated (±25%) 68
Thulium Tm 21.8 14 calculated (±25%) 69
Ytterbium Yb 20.9 21 calculated (±2%) 70
Lutetium Lu 21.9 14 calculated (±25%) 71
Hafnium Hf 16.2 14 calculated (±25%) 72
Tantalum Ta 13.1 14 calculated (±25%) 73
Tungsten W 11.1 14 calculated (±25%) 74
Rhenium Re 9.7 14 calculated (±25%) 75
Osmium Os 8.5 14 calculated (±25%) 76
Iridium Ir 7.6 14 calculated (±25%) 77
Platinum Pt 6.5 14 calculated (±25%) 78
Gold Au 5.8 14 calculated (±25%) 79
Mercury Hg 5.02 22 index of refraction (±1%) 80
Mercury Hg 5.7 14 calculated (±25%) 80
Thallium Tl 7.6 23 atomic beam deflection (±15%) 81
Thallium Tl 7.5 14 calculated (±25%) 81
Lead Pb 6.98 5 beam (±15%) 82
Lead Pb 7.01 5 calculated (±2%) 82
Bismuth Bi 7.4 14 calculated (±25%) 83
Polonium Po 6.8 14 calculated (±25%) 84
Astatine At 6.0 14 calculated (±25%) 85
Radon Rn 5.3 14 calculated (±25%) 86
Francium Fr 48.60 24 calculated (±2%) 87
Francium Fr 47.1 25 calculated (±5%) 87
Radium Ra 36.48 26 calculated (±2%) 88
Actinium Ac 32.1 14 calculated (±25%) 89
Thorium Th 32.1 14 calculated (±25%) 90
Protactinium Pa 25.4 14 calculated (±25%) 91
Uranium U 24.9 27 atomic beam deflection (±6%) 92
Neptunium Np 24.8 14 calculated (±25%) 93
Plutonium Pu 24.5 14 calculated (±25%) 94
Americium Am 23.3 14 calculated (±25%) 95
Curium Cm 23.0 14 calculated (±25%) 96
Berkelium Bk 22.7 14 calculated (±25%) 97
Californium Cf 20.5 14 calculated (±25%) 98
Einsteinium Es 19.7 14 calculated (±25%) 99
Fermium Fm 23.8 14 calculated (±25%) 100
Mendelevium Md 18.2 14 calculated (±25%) 101
Nobelium No 16.4 21 calculated (±1%) 102
Copernicium Cn 4.06 28 calculated (±2%) 112
Flerovium Fl 4.59 5 calculated (±2%) 114
Flerovium Fl 4.37 28 calculated (±2%) 114
Ununennium Uue 24.26 24 calculated (±2%) 119
Acenaphthene C12H10 20.61 27
Acetaldehyde C2H4O 4.6 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Acetaldehyde C2H4O 4.59 18
Acetamide C2H5NO 5.67 18
Acetic acid C2H4O2 5.1 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Acetic anhydride C4H6O3 8.9 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Acetone C3H6O 6.33 15
Acetone C3H6O 6.4 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Acetone C3H6O 6.39 18


Acetone (1-methylethylidene)hydrazone C6H12N2 15.6 2
Acetonitrile C2H3N 4.40 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Atomic
Acetonitrile C2H3N 4.48 18

Acetophenone C8H8O 15.0 2
Acetyl chloride C2H3ClO 6.62 2
Acetylene C2H2 3.33 3
Acetylene C2H2 3.93 2
Acrolein C3H4O 6.38 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Acrylonitrile C3H3N 8.05 2
Allyl alcohol C3H6O 7.65 2
Aluminum 2,4-pentanedioate C15H21AlO6 51.9 2
Ammonia H3N 2.81 20
Ammonia H3N 2.10 2
Ammonia H3N 2.26 3
Ammonia H3N 2.22 33 calculated
Ammonia-d3 D3N 1.70 2
Aniline C6H7N 12.1 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Anisole C7H8O 13.1 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Anthracene C14H10 25.4 17
Anthracene C14H10 25.93 27
9,10-Anthracenedione C14H8O2 24.46 27
Arsenic(III) chloride AsCl3 14.9 2
Arsenic trinitride AsN3 5.75 2
Benz[a]anthracene C18H12 32.86 27
Benzene C6H6 10.0 25
1,4-Benzenediamine C6H8N2 13.8 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
11H-Benzo[b]fluorene C17H12 30.21 27
Benzonitrile C7H5N 12.5 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
p-Benzoquinone C6H4O2 14.5 2
Beryllium hydride BeH2 4.34 14 calculated
Beryllium 2,4-pentanedioate C10H14BeO4 34.1 2
Bis(4-bromophenyl) ether C12H8Br2O 27.8 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Bis(4-methylphenyl) ether C14H14O 24.9 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Borane(1) BH 3.32 1 calculated
Borazine B3H6N3 8.0 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Boron trichloride BCl3 9.38 20
Boron trifluoride BF3 3.31 2
Bromine Br2 7.02 2
Bromoacetylene C2HBr 7.39 2
9-Bromoanthracene C14H9Br 28.32 27
Bromobenzene C6H5Br 14.7 2
Bromobenzene C6H5Br 13.62 27
1-Bromobutane C4H9Br 13.9 2
1-Bromobutane C4H9Br 10.86 27
1-Bromo-2-chloroethane C2H4BrCl 9.5 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Bromodecane C10H21Br 21.60 27
Bromodifluoromethane CHBrF2 5.7 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Bromododecane C12H25Br 25.18 27
Bromoethane C2H5Br 8.05 2
Bromoethane C2H5Br 7.28 27
Bromoethene C2H3Br 7.59 2
1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene C6H4BrF 13.4 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Bromoheptane C7H15Br 16.8 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Bromoheptane C7H15Br 16.23 27
1-Bromohexadecane C16H33Br 32.34 27
1-Bromohexane C6H13Br 14.44 27
Bromomethane CH3Br 5.87 20


1-Bromo-4-(4-methylphenoxy)benzene C13H11BrO 26.6 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Bromonaphthalene C10H7Br 20.34 27
Atomic
1-Bromononane C9H19Br 19.81 27
1-Bromooctadecane C18H37Br 35.92 27
1-Bromooctane C8H17Br 18.02 27
1-Bromopentane C5H11Br 13.1 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Bromo-4-phenoxybenzene C12H9BrO 24.2 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Bromopropane C3H7Br 9.4 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Bromopropane C3H7Br 9.07 27
2-Bromopropane C3H7Br 9.6 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
4-Bromotoluene C7H7Br 14.80 27
1,3-Butadiene C4H6 8.64 2
Butanal C4H8O 8.2 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Butane C4H10 8.20 2
2,3-Butanedione C4H6O2 8.2 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Butanenitrile C4H7N 8.4 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Butanoic acid C4H8O2 8.58 27
1-Butanol C4H10O 8.88 2
2-Butanone C4H8O 8.13 15
trans-2-Butenal C4H6O 8.5 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Butene C4H8 7.97 2
1-Butene C4H8 8.52 2
trans-2-Butene C4H8 8.49 2
trans-2-Butenedinitrile C4H2N2 11.8 2
trans-2-Butenenitrile C4H5N 8.2 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Butylamine C4H11N 13.5 2
tert-Butylbenzene C10H14 17.2 25
tert-Butylbenzene C10H14 17.8 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
tert-Butylcyclohexane C10H20 19.8 2
1-Butyne C4H6 7.41 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Carbon dioxide CO2 2.911 8
Carbon disulfide CS2 8.74 3
Carbon disulfide CS2 8.86 2
Carbon [fullerene-C60] C60 88.9 36
Carbon [fullerene-C60] C60 79 31
Carbon [fullerene-C70] C70 102 24
Carbon monoxide CO 1.95 3
Carbonothioic dichloride CCl2S 10.2 2
Carbonyl chloride CCl2O 7.29 2
Carbonyl fluoride CF2O 1.88 17 calculated
Cesium bromide dimer Br2Cs2 54.5 16
Cesium bromide cluster 38 n=3-32
Cesium chloride dimer Cl2Cs2 42.4 16
Cesium fluoride dimer Cs2F2 28.4 16
Cesium iodide dimer Cs2I2 51.8 16
Cesium potassium CsK 89 22
Chlorine Cl2 4.61 3
Chlorine trifluoride ClF3 6.32 2
Chloroacetone C3H5ClO 8.4 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Chloroacetonitrile C2H2ClN 6.10 18
Chloroacetyl chloride C2H2Cl2O 8.92 2
Chloroacetylene C2HCl 6.07 2
9-Chloroanthracene C14H9Cl 27.35 27
Chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 14.1 2
Chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 12.3 15
4-Chloro-1,2-butadiene C4H5Cl 10.0 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Chlorobutane C4H9Cl 11.3 2


2-Chlorobutane C4H9Cl 12.4 2
2-Chlorobutanoic acid C4H7ClO2 10.87 27
Atomic

2-Chloro-1-butanol C4H9ClO 10.70 27
3-Chloro-1-butanol C4H9ClO 10.38 27
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane C2H3ClF2 8.05 2
Chlorodifluoromethane CHClF2 6.38 20
Chlorodifluoromethane CHClF2 5.91 2
Chloroethane C2H5Cl 7.27 20
2-Chloroethanol C2H5ClO 7.1 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
2-Chloroethanol C2H5ClO 6.88 27
Chloroethene C2H3Cl 6.41 2
2-Chloroethyl ethyl ether C4H9ClO 10.56 27
1-Chloro-2-fluoroethane C2H4ClF 6.5 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Chlorogermane ClGeH3 6.7 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Chloromethane CH3Cl 5.35 20
Chloromethane CH3Cl 4.72 8
1-Chloro-2-methoxyethane C3H7ClO 8.71 27
Chloromethyl methyl ether C2H5ClO 7.1 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Chloro-2-methylpropane C4H9Cl 11.1 2
2-Chloro-2-methylpropane C4H9Cl 12.5 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Chloro-2-methylpropene C4H7Cl 10.8 2
1-Chloronaphthalene C10H7Cl 19.30 27
2-Chloronaphthalene C10H7Cl 19.58 27
1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene C6H4ClNO2 14.6 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Chloro-1-nitroethane C2H4ClNO2 10.9 2
Chloronitromethane CH2ClNO2 6.9 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Chloro-1-nitropropane C3H6ClNO2 10.4 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Chloropentafluoroethane C2ClF5 6.3 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Chloropentane C5H11Cl 12.0 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
2-Chloropentanoic acid, (±)- C5H9ClO2 12.69 27
3-Chloropentanoic acid C5H9ClO2 12.57 27
4-Chloropentanoic acid C5H9ClO2 12.53 27
2-Chlorophenol C6H5ClO 13.0 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
4-Chlorophenol C6H5ClO 13.0 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Chloropropane C3H7Cl 10.0 2
2-Chloro-1-propanol C3H7ClO 8.89 27
3-Chloro-1-propanol C3H7ClO 8.84 27
cis-1-Chloropropene C3H5Cl 8.3 2
trans-1-Chloropropene C3H5Cl 8.3 2
2-Chloropropene C3H5Cl 8.3 2
3-Chloropropene C3H5Cl 8.3 2
Chlorosilane ClH3Si 7.02 2
4-Chlorotoluene C7H7Cl 13.70 27
Chlorotrifluoromethane CClF3 5.72 20
Chlorotrifluoromethane CClF3 5.59 8
Chromium(III) 2,4-pentanedioate C15H21CrO6 53.7 2
Chrysene C18H12 33.06 27
Coronene C24H12 42.50 27
Cyanogen C2N2 7.99 2
Cyclohexane C6H12 11.0 18
Cyclohexane C6H12 10.87 15
Cyclohexanol C6H12O 11.56 18
Cyclohexene C6H10 10.7 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1,3-Cyclopentadiene C5H6 8.64 2
Cyclopentane C5H10 9.15 18


Cyclopropane C3H6 5.66 2
Decane C10H22 19.10 27
Atomic
Dialuminum Al2 19 23
Diboron hexanitride B2N6 5.73 2
Dibromodifluoromethane CBr2F2 9.0 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1,2-Dibromoethane C2H4Br2 10.7 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Dibromomethane CH2Br2 9.32 2
Dibromomethane CH2Br2 8.68 27
1,4-Di-tert-butylbenzene C14H22 24.5 25
Dibutyl ether C8H18O 17.2 2
Dicesium Cs2 104 22
o-Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 14.17 27
m-Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 14.23 27
p-Dichlorobenzene C6H4Cl2 14.20 27
1,4-Dichlorobutane C4H8Cl2 12.0 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
2,5-Dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione C6H2Cl2O2 18.4 2
1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethane C2H2Cl2F2 8.4 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl2F2 7.93 20
Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl2F2 7.81 2
1,1-Dichloroethane C2H4Cl2 8.64 2
1,2-Dichloroethane C2H4Cl2 8.0 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1,1-Dichloroethene C2H2Cl2 7.83 27
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene C2H2Cl2 8.03 27
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene C2H2Cl2 8.15 27
Dichlorofluoromethane CHCl2F 6.82 2
Dichloromethane CH2Cl2 6.48 3
Dichloromethane CH2Cl2 7.93 2
1,2-Dichloropropane, (±)- C3H6Cl2 10.9 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1,3-Dichloropropene (unspecified isomer) C3H4Cl2 10.1 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Dichlorosilane Cl2H2Si 8.92 2
1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane C2Cl2F4 8.5 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
p-Dicyanobenzene C8H4N2 19.2 2
1,1-Diethoxyethane C6H14O2 13.2 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1,2-Diethoxyethane C6H14O2 11.3 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Diethylamine C4H11N 10.2 2
Diethylamine C4H11N 9.61 27
Diethyl carbonate C5H10O3 11.3 2
Diethyl succinate C8H14O4 16.8 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Diethyl sulfide C4H10S 10.8 2
o-Difluorobenzene C6H4F2 9.80 27
m-Difluorobenzene C6H4F2 10.3 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
p-Difluorobenzene C6H4F2 9.80 27
1,1-Difluoroethene C2H2F2 5.01 20
Diiodomethane CH2I2 12.90 27
Diketene C4H4O2 8.0 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Dilithium Li2 32.8 29
Dilithium Li2 34 22
Dilithium disodium Li2Na2 60.0 30
Dilithium sodium Li2Na 35.4 30
Dimethoxymethane C3H8O2 7.7 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Dimethylamine C2H7N 6.37 2
Dimethylamine C2H7N 5.90 33 calculated
N,N-Dimethylaniline C8H11N 16.2 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadiene C6H10 11.8 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Dimethyl carbonate C3H6O3 7.7 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione C8H8O2 18.8 2
Dimethyl ether C2H6O 5.29 20


N,N-Dimethylformamide C3H7NO 7.81 18
trans-2,3-Dimethyloxirane C4H8O 8.22 17 calculated
Atomic
2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone C7H14O 13.5 15

2,2-Dimethylpropanenitrile C5H9N 9.59 18
(1,2-Dimethyl-1-propenyl)benzene C11H14 19.64 27
1,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole C5H8N2 10.72 27
2,3-Dimethylquinoxaline C10H10N2 18.70 27
Dimethyl sulfone C2H6O2S 7.3 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1,4-Dinitrobenzene C6H4N2O4 18.4 2
1,4-Dioxane C4H8O2 10.0 2
1,4-Dioxane C4H8O2 8.60 18
Dipotassium K2 77 22
Dipotassium K2 72 21
Dipropylamine C6H15N 13.29 27
Dipropyl ether C6H14O 12.8 2
Dipropyl ether C6H14O 12.5 15
Dirubidium Rb2 79 22
Disilane H6Si2 11.1 2
Disodium Na2 40 22
Disodium Na2 38 21
Divinyl sulfide C4H6S 10.9 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Dodecane C12H26 22.75 27
Erbium(III) tris(cyclopentadienyl) C15H15Er 28.44 37
Ethane C2H6 4.47 3
Ethane C2H6 4.43 2
1,2-Ethanediamine C2H8N2 7.2 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1,2-Ethanediol C2H6O2 5.7 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1,2-Ethanediol C2H6O2 5.61 27
Ethanethiol C2H6S 7.41 2
Ethoxybenzene C8H10O 14.9 2
2-Ethoxyethanol C4H10O2 9.28 27
Ethyl acetate C4H8O2 9.7 2
Ethyl acetate C4H8O2 8.62 27
Ethyl acetoacetate C6H10O3 12.9 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Ethylamine C2H7N 7.10 2
Ethylbenzene C8H10 14.2 2
Ethyl benzoate C9H10O2 16.9 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Ethyl 2-chlorobutanoate C6H11ClO2 14.16 27
Ethyl chloroformate C3H5ClO2 9.0 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Ethylcyclohexane C8H16 15.9 2
Ethylene C2H4 4.252 8
Ethyl trans,trans-2,4-hexadienoate C8H12O2 17.2 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Ethyl methyl ether C3H8O 7.93 2
1-Ethyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole C6H10N2 12.50 27
1-Ethylnaphthalene C12H12 21.19 27
2-Ethylnaphthalene C12H12 21.36 27
Ethyl nitrite C2H5NO2 7.0 15
1-Ethyl-1-phenylhydrazine C8H12N2 16.62 27
Ethyl propanoate C5H10O2 10.41 27
Ethyl propyl ether C5H12O 10.68 27
Ferrocene C10H10Fe 17.1 26
9H-Fluorene C13H10 21.68 27
Fluorine F2 1.38 7 calculated
Fluoroanthracene (unspecified isomer) C14H9F 28.34 27
Fluorobenzene C6H5F 10.3 2


1-Fluorodecane C10H21F 19.18 27
1-Fluorododecane C12H25F 22.83 27
Atomic
Fluoroethane C2H5F 4.96 2
1-Fluoroheptane C7H15F 13.66 27
2-Fluorohexane C6H13F 11.80 27
1-Fluoro-4-iodobenzene C6H4FI 15.5 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Fluoromethane CH3F 2.97 8
1-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzene C6H4FNO2 12.8 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Fluorononane C9H19F 17.34 27
1-Fluorooctane C8H17F 15.46 27
1-Fluoropentane C5H11F 9.95 27
1-Fluorotetradecane C14H29F 26.57 27
4-Fluorotoluene C7H7F 11.70 27
1-Fluoroundecane C11H23F 21.00 27
Formaldehyde CH2O 2.8 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Formaldehyde CH2O 2.45 18
Formamide CH3NO 4.2 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Formamide CH3NO 4.08 18
Formic acid CH2O2 3.4 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Formic acid dimer C2H4O4 12.7 2
Formyl fluoride CHFO 1.76 17 calculated
Gallium arsenide (variable composition) GanAsm 28 n+m=4-30
Germanium cluster (Ge9) 90 35
Germanium(IV) chloride Cl4Ge 15.1 2
Heptane C7H16 13.61 2
1-Heptene C7H14 13.51 27
1-Heptyne C7H12 12.8 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Hexafluorobenzene C6F6 9.58 27
Hexafluoroethane C2F6 6.82 2
Hexamethylbenzene C12H18 20.9 25
Hexane C6H14 11.9 2
1-Hexene C6H12 11.65 27
1-Hexyne C6H10 10.9 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Hydrogen H2 0.8023 5 calc v=0,J=0
Hydrogen H2 0.8045 5 calc 293 K
Hydrogen H2 0.8042 6 293 K
Hydrogen H2 0.8059 8 322 K
Hydrogen-d2 D2 0.7921 5 calc v=0,J=0
Hydrogen-d2 D2 0.7954 6 293 K
Hydrogen-d1 DH 0.7976 5 calc v=0,J=0
Hydrogen bromide BrH 3.61 3
Hydrogen chloride ClH 2.63 3
Hydrogen chloride ClH 2.77 2
Hydrogen chloride-d ClD 2.84 2
Hydrogen cyanide CHN 2.59 3
Hydrogen cyanide CHN 2.46 2
Hydrogen fluoride FH 0.80 27
Hydrogen iodide HI 5.44 3
Hydrogen iodide HI 5.35 2
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 3.78 3
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 3.95 2
Iodine chloride ClI 12.3 2
Iodobenzene C6H5I 15.5 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Iodobutane C4H9I 13.3 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Iodobutane C4H9I 12.65 27
Iodoethane C2H5I 10.0 2
Iodoethene C2H3I 9.3 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Iodomethane CH3I 7.97 2
1-Iodonaphthalene C10H7I 22.41 27


2-Iodonaphthalene C10H7I 22.95 27
1-Iodopropane C3H7I 11.5 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Atomic
4-Iodotoluene C7H7I 17.10 27

Iron(III) 2,4-pentanedioate C15H21FeO6 58.1 2
Isobutane C4H10 8.14 27
Isobutene C4H8 8.29 2
Isopropenylbenzene C9H10 16.05 27
Isopropylamine C3H9N 7.77 27
Isopropylbenzene C9H12 16.0 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Isopropylcyclohexane C9H18 17.2 2
Isoquinoline C9H7N 16.43 27
Ketene C2H2O 4.4 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Lithium bromide dimer Br2Li2 18.9 16
Lithium chloride ClLi 3.46 10 calculated
Lithium chloride dimer Cl2Li2 13.1 16
Lithium cluster Lin 29 n=2-22
Lithium disodium LiNa2 61.2 30
Lithium fluoride FLi 10.8 11 calculated
Lithium fluoride dimer F2Li2 6.9 16
Lithium hydride HLi 3.84 12 calculated
Lithium iodide dimer I2Li2 23.4 16
Lithium sodium LiNa 40 4
Lithium trisodium LiNa3 75.6 30
Malononitrile C3H2N2 5.79 18
Mercury(II) bromide Br2Hg 14.5 2
Mercury chloride ClHg 7.4 9 calculated
Mercury(I) chloride Cl2Hg2 14.7 9
Mercury(II) chloride Cl2Hg 11.6 2
Mercury(II) iodide (red) HgI2 19.1 2
Methane CH4 2.593 8
Methanol CH4O 3.29 2
2-Methoxyaniline C7H9NO 14.2 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Methoxycyclohexane C7H14O 13.4 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
2-Methoxyethanol C3H8O2 7.44 27
N-Methylacetamide C3H7NO 7.82 18
Methyl acetate C3H6O2 6.94 2
Methyl acetate C3H6O2 6.81 27
2-Methylacrylonitrile C4H5N 8.0 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Methylamine CH5N 4.7 2
Methylamine CH5N 4.01 19
Methylamine CH5N 4.01 33 calculated
2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene C5H8 9.99 2
Methyl butanoate C5H10O2 10.41 27
Methyl 2-chlorobutanoate C5H9ClO2 12.33 27
Methyl chloroformate C2H3ClO2 7.1 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Methylcyclohexane C7H14 13.1 2
2-Methyl-1,3-dioxolane C4H8O2 9.44 15
3-Methylene-1-pentene C6H10 11.8 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
N-Methylformamide C2H5NO 5.91 18
Methyl formate C2H4O2 5.05 27
3-Methylheptane C8H18 15.44 27
1-Methylisoquinoline C10H9N 18.28 27
1-Methylnaphthalene C11H10 19.35 27
2-Methylnaphthalene C11H10 19.52 27
2-Methyl-2-nitropropane C4H9NO2 10.3 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2


2-Methyl-1,3-pentadiene C6H10 12.1 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
3-Methyl-1,3-pentadiene C6H10 11.8 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Atomic
1-Methyl-1-phenylhydrazine C7H10N2 14.81 27
2-Methylpropanenitrile C4H7N 8.05 18
2-Methylpropanenitrile C4H7N 8.05 32 calculated
Methyl propanoate C4H8O2 8.97 27
2-Methyl-1-propanol C4H10O 8.92 2
2-Methylpropenal C4H6O 8.3 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Methyl propyl ether C4H10O 8.86 27
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole C4H6N2 8.99 27
2-Methylquinoline C10H9N 18.65 27
Naphthacene C18H12 32.27 27
Naphthalene C10H8 16.5 17
Naphthalene C10H8 17.48 27
1-Naphthalenecarboxaldehyde C11H8O 19.75 27
2-Naphthalenecarboxaldehyde C11H8O 20.06 27
1-Naphthylamine C10H9N 19.50 27
2-Naphthylamine C10H9N 19.73 27
Neodymium(III) tris(cyclopentadienyl) C15H15Nd 33.05 37
Neopentane C5H12 10.20 18
Nitric oxide NO 1.70 2
2-Nitroanisole C7H7NO3 15.7 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Nitrobenzene C6H5NO2 14.7 2
Nitrobenzene C6H5NO2 12.92 15
4-Nitrobenzonitrile C7H4N2O2 19.0 2
1-Nitrobutane C4H9NO2 10.4 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Nitroethane C2H5NO2 9.63 2
Nitrogen N2 1.7403 6,8
Nitrogen dioxide NO2 3.02 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Nitrogen tetroxide N2O4 6.69 2
Nitrogen trifluoride F3N 3.62 2
Nitromethane CH3NO2 7.37 2
1-Nitro-4-phenoxybenzene C12H9NO3 24.7 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Nitropropane C3H7NO2 8.5 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
2-Nitropropane C3H7NO2 8.5 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Nitrous oxide N2O 3.03 8
Nonane C9H20 17.36 27
Octane C8H18 15.9 2
Osmium(VIII) oxide O4Os 8.17 2
Oxirane C2H4O 4.43 18
Oxygen O2 1.5689 34
Ozone O3 3.21 2
Paraldehyde C6H12O3 17.9 2
Pentachloroethane C2HCl5 14.0 2
trans-1,3-Pentadiene C5H8 10 2
2,4-Pentadienenitrile C5H5N 10.5 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Pentafluorobenzene C6HF5 9.63 27
Pentamethylbenzene C11H16 19.1 25
Pentane C5H12 9.99 2
2,4-Pentanedione C5H8O2 10.5 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Pentanenitrile C5H9N 10.4 2
1-Pentene C5H10 9.65 27
2-Pentene (unspecified isomer) C5H10 9.84 27
Pentyl acetate C7H14O2 14.9 2
Pentyl formate C6H12O2 14.2 2
1-Pentyne C5H8 9.12 2
Perfluoronaphthalene C10F8 17.64 27


Phenanthrene C14H10 36.8 17 calculated
Phenanthrene C14H10 24.70 27
Atomic
Phenazine C12H8N2 23.43 27

Phenol C6H6O 11.1 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Phenol C6H6O 9.94 17 calculated
Phenylhydrazine C6H8N2 12.91 27
Phosphine H3P 4.84 2
Phosphorus(III) chloride Cl3P 12.8 2
Phosphorus(V) fluoride F5P 6.10 2
Potassium bromide dimer Br2K2 42.0 16
Potassium chloride dimer Cl2K2 32.1 16
Potassium cluster 21 n=2,5,7-9,11,
Potassium fluoride dimer F2K2 21.0 16
Potassium iodide dimer I2K2 36.3 16
Potassium sodium KNa 51 22
Propanal C3H6O 6.50 2
Propane C3H8 6.29 3
Propane C3H8 6.37 2
Propanenitrile C3H5N 6.70 2
Propanenitrile C3H5N 6.24 18
Propanenitrile C3H5N 6.27 32 calculated
Propanoic acid C3H6O2 6.9 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1-Propanol C3H8O 6.74 2
Propene C3H6 6.26 2
Propylamine C3H9N 7.70 27
Propylamine C3H9N 9.20 2
Propyne C3H4 6.18 2
1H-Pyrazole C3H4N2 7.23 27
Pyrene C16H10 28.22 27
Pyridazine C4H4N2 9.27 17 calculated
Pyridine C5H5N 9.5 15
Pyridine C5H5N 9.18 27
Pyrimidine C4H4N2 8.53 17 calculated
Quinoline C9H7N 15.70 27
Quinoxaline C8H6N2 15.13 27
Rubidium bromide dimer Br2Rb2 48.2 16
Rubidium chloride dimer Cl2Rb2 43.2 16
Rubidium fluoride dimer F2Rb2 40.7 16
Rubidium iodide dimer I2Rb2 46.3 16
Samarium(III) tris(cyclopentadienyl) C15H15Sm 32.01 37
Selenium hexafluoride F6Se 7.33 2
Silane H4Si 5.44 2
Sodium bromide dimer Br2Na2 26.8 16
Sodium chloride dimer Cl2Na2 23.4 16
Sodium cluster 39 n=7-93
Sodium cluster 21 n=1-40
Sodium fluoride dimer F2Na2 20.7 16
Sodium iodide dimer I2Na2 26.9 16
Styrene C8H8 15.0 2
Styrene C8H8 14.41 27
Succinonitrile C4H4N2 8.1 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Sulfur decafluoride F10S2 13.2 2
Sulfur dioxide O2S 3.72 3
Sulfur dioxide O2S 4.28 2
Sulfur hexafluoride F6S 6.54 8
Sulfur trioxide (α-form) O3S 4.84 2
Sulfuryl chloride Cl2O2S 10.5 2
Tellurium hexafluoride F6Te 9.00 2
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane C2H2Cl4 12.1 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2


Tetrachloromethane CCl4 11.2 2
Tetrachloromethane CCl4 10.5 3
Atomic
1,2,3,4-Tetrafluorobenzene C6H2F4 9.69 27
1,2,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzene C6H2F4 9.69 27
Tetrafluoromethane CF4 3.838 8
Tetrafluorosilane F4Si 5.45 2
Tetramethoxymethane C5H12O4 13.0 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene C10H14 17.3 25
2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanedione C8H12O2 18.6 2
Tetranitromethane CN4O8 15.3 2
Tetraphosphorus P4 13.59 40
Thiophene C4H4S 9.67 2
Thorium(IV) 2,4-pentanedioate C20H28O8Th 79.0 2
Tin(IV) bromide Br4Sn 22.0 2
Tin(IV) chloride Cl4Sn 18 2
Tin(IV) chloride Cl4Sn 13.8 15
Tin(IV) iodide I4Sn 32.3 2
Titanium(IV) chloride Cl4Ti 16.4 2
Toluene C7H8 11.8 25
Toluene C7H8 12.26 15
Toluene C7H8 12.3 2
Tribromomethane CHBr3 11.8 27
1,3,5-Tri-tert-butylbenzene C18H30 31.8 25
Trichloroacetonitrile C2Cl3N 10.42 18
1,1,1-Trichloroethane C2H3Cl3 10.7 2
Trichloroethene C2HCl3 10.03 27
1,1,2-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane C2H2Cl3F 10.2 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Trichlorofluoromethane CCl3F 9.47 2
Trichloromethane CHCl3 9.5 8
Trichloromethane CHCl3 8.23 27
Trichloronitromethane CCl3NO2 10.8 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Trichlorosilane Cl3HSi 10.7 2
1,3,5-Trifluorobenzene C6H3F3 9.74 27
1,1,1-Trifluoroethane C2H3F3 4.4 2 molar refraction; see Ref.2
Triiodomethane CHI3 18.0 27
Trilithium Li3 34.5 29
Trilithium sodium Li3Na 54.8 30
Trimethylamine C3H9N 8.15 2
Trimethylamine C3H9N 7.78 33 calculated
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene C9H12 15.5 25
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene C9H12 16.14 27
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane C8H18 15.44 27
Triphenylene C18H12 31.07 27
Tripropylamine C9H21N 18.87 27
Trisodium Na3 70 21
Undecane C11H24 21.03 27
Uranium(VI) fluoride F6U 12.5 2
Water H2O 1.45 2
Water-d2 D2O 1.26 2
o-Xylene C8H10 14.9 2
o-Xylene C8H10 14.1 15
m-Xylene C8H10 14.2 15
p-Xylene C8H10 13.7 25

References to Atoms and used here to determine polarizabilities if no more recent result
exists. The polarizability is 3/(4πNA) times the molar polarization
1. Miller, T. M., and Bederson, B., Adv. At. Mol. Phys. 13, 1, 1977. For or molar refraction, where NA is Avogadro’s number. The value 3/
Atomic
simplicity, any value in Table 2 which has not changed since this (4πNA) = 0.3964308 × 10–24 cm3 was used for this conversion. A dag-
1977 review is referenced as 1. Persons interested in original refer- ger (†) following the reference number in the tables indicates that
ences and further details should consult 1. the polarizability was derived from the molar refraction and hence
2. Lim, I. S., and Schwerdfeger, P., Phys. Rev. A 70, 062501, 2004. may not include some low-frequency contributions to the static
3. Schmidt, J. W., Glavioso, R. M., May, E. F., and Moldover, M. R., polarizability; these “static” polarizabilities are therefore low by 1
Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 254504, 2007. to 30%.
4. Miffre, A., Jacquey, M., Büchner, M., Trénec, G., and Vigué, J., Phys. 3. Hirschfelder, J. O., Curtis, C. F., and Bird, R. B., Molecular Theory
Rev. A 73, 011603(R), 2006. of Gases and Liquids, Wiley, New York, 1954, p. 950. Fundamental
5. Thierfelder, C., Assadollahzadeh, B., Schwerdtfeger, P., Schäfer, S., information on molecular polarizabilities.
and Schäfer, R., Phys. Rev. A 78, 052506, 2008. Relativistic calcula- 4. Miller, T. M., and Bederson, B., Adv. At. Mol. Phys., 13, 1, 1977.
tions, Dirac-Coulomb. Review emphasizing atomic polarizabilities and measurement tech-
6. Gaiser, C., and Fellmuth, B., Eur. Phys. Lett. 90, 63002, 2010. niques. The data quoted in Table 3 are accurate to 8 to 12%.
7. Ekstrom, C. R., Schmiedmayer, J., Chapman, M. S., Hammond, T. 5. Kolos, W., and Wolniewicz, L., J. Chem. Phys., 46, 1426, 1967. Highly
D., and Pritchard, D. E., Phys. Rev. A 51, 3883, 1995. See theoreti- accurate molecular hydrogen calculations. See also recent work by
cal work by Thakkar, A. J., and Lupinetti, C., Chem. Phys. Lett. 402, Machado, A.M., and Masilli, M., J. Chem. Phys. 120, 7505, 2004.
270, 2005. 6. Newell, A. C., and Baird, R. C., J. Appl. Phys., 36, 3751, 1965. Highly
8. Holmgren, W. F., Revelle, M. C., Lonij, V. P. A., and Cronin, A. D., accurate refractive index measurements at 47.7 GHz (essentially
Phys. Rev. A 81, 053607, 2010. static).
9. Stwalley, W. C., J. Chem. Phys. 54, 4517, 1971. 7. Jao, T. C., Beebe, N. H. F., Person, W. B., and Sabin, J. R., Chem. Phys.
10. Bromley, M. W. J., and Mitroy, J., Phys. Rev. A 65, 062505, 2002; Lett., 26, 474, 1974. Tensor polarizabilities, derivatives, and other
062506, 2002. results are reported.
11. Milani, P., Moullet, I., and de Heer, W. A., Phys. Rev. A 42, 5150, 8. Orcutt, R. H., and Cole, R. H., J. Chem. Phys., 46, 697, 1967 (He, Ne,
1990. See theoretical comments on this result, in Fuentealba, P., Ar, Kr, H2, N2); Sutter, H., and Cole, R. H., J. Chem. Phys., 52, 132,
Chem. Phys. Lett. 397, 459, 2004, and in Lupinetti, C., and Thakkar, 1970 (CF3H, CFH3, CClF3, CClH3); Bose, T. K., and Cole, R. H., J.
A. J., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 044301, 2005. Chem. Phys., 52, 140, 1970 (CO2), and 54, 3829, 1971 (C2H4); Nelson,
12. Newell, A. C., and Baird, R. D., J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3751, 1965. R. D., and Cole, R. H., J. Chem. Phys., 54, 4033, 1971 (SF6, CClF3);
13. Orcutt, R. H., and Cole, R. H., J. Chem. Phys. 46, 697, 1967; see also Bose, T. K., Sochanski, J. S., and Cole, R. H., J. Chem. Phys., 57, 3592,
the later references from this group, given following the tables. 1972 (CH4, CF4); Kirouac, S., and Bose, T. K., J. Chem. Phys., 59,
14. Doolen, G. D., Los Alamos National Laboratory, unpublished. A 3043, 1973 (N2O), and 64, 1580, 1976 (He). Highly accurate dielec-
relativistic linear response method was used. The method is that tric constant measurements. These modern data give the most accu-
described by Zangwill, A., and Soven, P., Phys. Rev. A 21, 1561, 1980. rate polarizabilities available. A criticism of the interpretation of
Adjustments of less than 10% across the periodic table have been these data in the case of polar molecules is given in Ref. 20, p. 2905.
made to these results to bring them into agreement with accurate 9. Huestis, D. L., Technical Report #MP 78-25, SRI International
experimental values where available, for the purpose of presenting (project PYU 6158), Menlo Park, CA 94025. Molar refractions for
“recommended” polarizabilities in Table 2. mercury-chlorine compounds are analyzed.
15. Goebel, D., Holm, U., and Maroulis, G., Phys. Rev. A 54, 1973, 1996. 10. Bounds, D. G., Clarke, J. H. R., and Hinchliffe, A., Chem. Phys. Lett.,
16. Hu, M., and Kusse, B. R., Phys. Rev. A 66, 062506, 2002. Measured 45, 367, 1977. Theoretical tensor polarizability for LiCl.
at 532 nm and extrapolated to a static value. The uncertainty is ±1.2 11. Kolker, H. J., and Karplus, M., J. Chem. Phys., 39, 2011, 1963. Theo-
Å;3. retical.
17. Goebel, D., and Holm, U., Phys. Rev. A 52, 3691, 1995. 12. Cutschick, V. P., and McKoy, V., J. Chem. Phys., 58, 2397, 1973. Theo-
18. Guella, T. P., Miller, T. M., Bederson, B., Stockdale, J. A. D., and retical tensor polarizabilities.
Jaduszliwer, B., Phys. Rev. A 29, 2977, 1984. 13. Gready, J. E., Bacskay, G. B., and Hush, N. S., Chem. Phys., 22, 141,
19. Atoji, M., J. Chem. Phys. 25, 174, 1956. Semiempirical method based 1977, and 23, 9, 1977. Theoretical.
on molecular polarizabilities and atomic radii. 14. Amos, A. T., and Yoffe, J. A., J. Chem. Phys., 63, 4723, 1975. Theo-
20. Amini, J. M., and Gould, H., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 153001, 2003. retical.
21. Thierfelder, C., and Schwerdtfeger, P., Phys. Rev. A 79, 032512, 2009. 15. Stuart, H. A., Landolt-Börnstein Zahlenwerte and Funktionen, Vol.
Relativistic coupled-cluster calculations. 1, Part 3, Eucken, A., and Hellwege, K. H., Eds., Springer-Verlag,
22. Goebel, D., and Holm, U., J. Chem. Phys. 100, 7710, 1996. Berlin, 1951, p. 511. Tabulation of molecular polarizabilities. Two
23. Preliminary value from the New York University group. See Ref. 18. misprints in the chemical symbols have been corrected.
24. Lim, L. S., Schwerdfeger, P., Metz, B., Stoll, H., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 16. Guella, T., Miller, T. M., Stockdale, J. A. D., Bederson, B., and Vus-
104103, 2005. kovic, L., J. Chem. Phys., 94, 6857, 1991. Beam measurements with
25. Derevianko, A., Johnson, W. R., Safronova, M. S., and Babb, J. F., accuracies between 12 and 24%.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3589, 1999. 17. Marchese, F. T., and Jaff‚ H. H., Theoret. Chim. Acta (Berlin), 45, 241,
26. Łach, G., Jezionski, B., and Szalewicz, K., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 233001, 1977. Theoretical and experimental tensor polarizabilities are tabu-
2004. lated in this paper.
27. Kadar-Kallen, M. A., and Bonin, K. D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 828, 1994. 18. Applequist, J., Carl, J. R., and Fung, K.-K., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 94,
28. Pershina, V., Borschevsky, A., Eliav, E., and Kaldor, U., J. Chem. Phys. 2952, 1972. Excellent reference on the calculation of molecular
128, 024707, 2008. Relativistic coupled-cluster calculations. polarizabilities, including extensive tables of tensor polarizabilities,
both theoretical and experimental, at 589.3 nm wavelength.
19. Bridge, N. J., and Buckingham, A. D., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A295,
References to Molecules 334, 1966. Measured tensor polarizabilities at 633 nm wavelength.
20. Barnes, A. N. M., Turner, D. J., and Sutton, L. E., Trans. Faraday
1. McCullough, E. A., Jr., J. Chem. Phys., 63, 5050, 1975. This calcula- Soc., 67, 2902, 1971. Dielectric constants yielding polarizabilities
tion is for the parallel component, not the average polarizability. accurate from 0.3–8%.
2. Maryott, A. A., and Buckley, F., U. S. National Bureau of Standards 21. Rayane, D., Allouche, A. R., Benichou, E., Antoine, R., Aubert-Fre-
Circular No. 537, 1953. A tabulation of dipole moments, dielectric con, M., Dugourd, Ph., Broyer, M., Ristori, C., Chandezon, F., Huber,
constants, and molar refractions measured between 1910 and 1952, B. A., and Guet, C., Eur. Phys. J. D 9, 243, 1999. See also Knight, W.

D., Clemenger, K., de Heer, W. A., and Saunders, W. A., Phys. Rev. B 31. Ballard, A., Bonin, K., and Louderback, J., J. Chem. Phys. 113, 5732,
31, 2539, 1985. These data probably correspond to a very low inter- 2000.
nal temperature. 32. Ritchie, G.L.D., and Watson, J.N., J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 4515, 2004.
Atomic
22. Tarnovsky, V., Bunimovicz, M., Vuskovic, L., Stumpf, B., and Bed- These measurements are at 632.8 nm frequency, and are stated
erson, B., J. Chem. Phys., 98, 3894, 1993. These data correspond to accurate to 0.4%.
internal temperatures 480-948 K. 33. Ritchie, G.L.D., and Blanch, E.W., J. Phys. Chem. A 107, 2093, 2003.
23. Milani, P., Moullet, I., and de Heer, W. A., Phys. Rev. A, 42, 5150, These measurements are at 632.8 nm frequncy, and are stated accu-
1990. Beam measurements accurate to 11%. rate to better than 1%.
24. Compagnon, I., Antoine, R., Broyer, M., Dugourd, P., Lermé, J., and 34. May, E. F., Moldover, M. R., and Schmidt, J. W., Phys. Rev. A 78,
Rayane, D., Phys. Rev. A 64, 025201, 2001. The uncertainties are ±8 032522 (2008). The uncertainty is 0.0003 Å;3.
Å;3 for C60 and ±14 Å;3 for C70. 35. Heiles, S., Schäfer, S., and Schäfer, R., J. Chem. Phys. 135, 034303,
25. Aroney, M. J., and Pratten, S. J., J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1, 80, 2011. The uncertainties are ±2.5 Å;3 for Ge9 and Ge10, and ±6.1 Å;3
1201, 1984. Uncertainties in the range 1–3%. for Ge15.
26. Le Fevre, R. J. W., Murthy, D. S. N., and Saxby, J. D., Aust. J. Chem., 36. Berninger, M., Stefanov, A., Deachapunya, S., and Arndt, M., Phys.
24, 1057, 1971. Kerr effect. Rev. A 76, 013607, 2007. The uncertainties (statistical, systematic)
27. No, K. T., Cho, K. H., Jhon, M. S., and Scheraga, H. A., J. Am. are ±(0.9, 5.1) Å;3 for C60 and ±(2.0, 6.2) Å;3 for C70.
Chem. Soc., 115, 2005, 1993. Theoretical; these results are quoted in 37. Hohm, U., and Loose, A., Chem. Phys. Lett. 348, 375, 2001. The
numerous valuable papers on calculated polarizabilities, e.g., Miller, uncertainties are ±0.25 Å;3 for Nd(C5H5)3, ±0.13 Å;3 for Sm(C5H5)3,
K. J., and Savchik, J. A., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 101, 7206, 1979. and ±0.45 Å;3 for Er(C5H5)3.
28. Schlecht, S., Schäfer, R., Woenckhaus, J., Becker, J. A., Chem. Phys. 38. Rayane, D., Antoine, R., Dugourd, P., and Broyer, M., J. Chem. Phys.
Lett., 246, 315, 1995. 113, 4501, 2000. A 10% precision in the measurements is stated.
29. Benichou, E., Antoine, R., Rayane, D., Vezin, B., Dalby, F. W., 39. Tikhonov, G., Kasperovich, V., Wong, K., and Kresin, V. V., Phys.
Dugourd, P., Ristori, C., Chandezon, F., Huber, B. A., Rocco, J. C., Rev. A 64, 063202, 2001. The uncertainties increase with cluster size,
Blundell, S. A., and Guet, C., Phys. Rev. A 59, R1, 1999. See also Ray- from ±2.8% (Na7) to ±12.4% (Na93).
ane, D., Allouche, A. R., Benichou, E., Antoine, R., Aubert-Frecon, 40. Hohm, U., Loose, A., Maroulis, G., and Xenides, D., Phys. Rev. A 61,
M., Dugourd, Ph., Broyer, M., Ristori, C., Chandezon, F., Huber, B. 053202, 2000. The uncertainty is ±0.14 Å;3.
A., and Guet, C., Eur. Phys. J. D 9, 243, 1999.
30. Antoine, R., Rayane, D., Allouche, A. R., Aubert-Frécon, M., Beni-
chou, E., Dalby, F. W., Dugourd, P., Broyer, M., and Guet, C., J. Chem.
Phys., 110, 5568, 1999.

IONIZATION ENERGIES OF ATOMS AND ATOMIC IONS
The ionization energies (often called ionization potentials) of References
Atomic
neutral and partially ionized atoms are listed in this table. Data
were obtained from the compilations cited below, supplemented 1. Moore, C. E., Ionization Potentials and Ionization Limits Derived from
by results from the recent research literature. Values for the first the Analysis of Optical Spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser. — Natl. Bur.
Stand. (U.S.) No. 34, 1970.
and second ionization energies come from Reference 6. All values
2. Martin, W. C., Zalubas, R., and Hagan, L., Atomic Energy Levels — The
are given in electron volts (eV). Rare Earth Elements, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser. — Natl. Bur. Stand.
Following the traditional spectroscopic notation, columns are (U.S.), No. 60, 1978.
headed I, II, III, etc. up to XXX, where I indicates the neutral atom, 3. Sugar, J. and Corliss, C., Atomic Energy Levels of the Iron Period
II the singly ionized atom, III the doubly ionized atom, etc. The Elements: Potassium through Nickel, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol.14,
first section of the table includes spectra I to VIII of all the ele- Suppl. 2, 1985.
ments through rutherfordium; subsequent sections cover higher 4. References to papers in J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, in the period 1973–
spectra (ionization stages) for those elements for which data are 91 covering other elements may be found in the cumulative index to
that journal.
available. 5. Martin, W.C., and Wiese, W.L., in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical
Physics Handbook, Drake, G.W.F., Ed., AIP Press, New York, 1996.
6. Sansonetti, J. E., Martin, W. C., and Young, S. L., Handbook of Basic
Atomic Spectroscopic Data (version 1.1), NIST Physical Data web site
<http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Handbook> (October 2004); J.
Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 34, 1559, 2005.
Neutral Atoms to +7 Ions

Z Element I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 H 13.598443
2 He 24.587387 54.417760
3 Li 5.391719 75.6400 122.45429
4 Be 9.32270 18.21114 153.89661 217.71865
5 B 8.29802 25.1548 37.93064 259.37521 340.22580
6 C 11.26030 24.3833 47.8878 64.4939 392.087 489.99334
7 N 14.5341 29.6013 47.44924 77.4735 97.8902 552.0718 667.046
8 O 13.61805 35.1211 54.9355 77.41353 113.8990 138.1197 739.29 871.4101
9 F 17.4228 34.9708 62.7084 87.1398 114.2428 157.1651 185.186 953.9112
10 Ne 21.56454 40.96296 63.45 97.12 126.21 157.93 207.2759 239.0989
11 Na 5.139076 47.2864 71.6200 98.91 138.40 172.18 208.50 264.25
12 Mg 7.646235 15.03527 80.1437 109.2655 141.27 186.76 225.02 265.96
13 Al 5.985768 18.82855 28.44765 119.992 153.825 190.49 241.76 284.66
14 Si 8.15168 16.34584 33.49302 45.14181 166.767 205.27 246.5 303.54
15 P 10.48669 19.7695 30.2027 51.4439 65.0251 220.421 263.57 309.60
16 S 10.36001 23.33788 34.79 47.222 72.5945 88.0530 280.948 328.75
17 Cl 12.96763 23.8136 39.61 53.4652 67.8 97.03 114.1958 348.28
18 Ar 15.759610 27.62966 40.74 59.81 75.02 91.009 124.323 143.460
19 K 4.3406633 31.63 45.806 60.91 82.66 99.4 117.56 154.88
20 Ca 6.11316 11.87172 50.9131 67.27 84.50 108.78 127.2 147.24
21 Sc 6.56149 12.79977 24.75666 73.4894 91.65 110.68 138.0 158.1
22 Ti 6.82812 13.5755 27.4917 43.2672 99.30 119.53 140.8 170.4
23 V 6.74619 14.618 29.311 46.709 65.2817 128.13 150.6 173.4
24 Cr 6.76651 16.4857 30.96 49.16 69.46 90.6349 160.18 184.7
25 Mn 7.43402 15.6400 33.668 51.2 72.4 95.6 119.203 194.5
26 Fe 7.9024 16.1877 30.652 54.8 75.0 99.1 124.98 151.06
27 Co 7.88101 17.084 33.50 51.3 79.5 102.0 128.9 157.8
28 Ni 7.6398 18.16884 35.19 54.9 76.06 108 133 162
29 Cu 7.72638 20.2924 36.841 57.38 79.8 103 139 166
30 Zn 9.394199 17.96439 39.723 59.4 82.6 108 134 174
31 Ga 5.999301 20.51515 30.7258 63.241 86.01 112.7 140.9 169.9
32 Ge 7.89943 15.93461 34.2241 45.7131 93.5
33 As 9.7886 18.5892 28.351 50.13 62.63 127.6
34 Se 9.75239 21.19 30.8204 42.9450 68.3 81.7 155.4
35 Br 11.8138 21.591 36 47.3 59.7 88.6 103.0 192.8
36 Kr 13.99961 24.35984 36.950 52.5 64.7 78.5 111.0 125.802
37 Rb 4.177128 27.2895 40 52.6 71.0 84.4 99.2 136
38 Sr 5.69485 11.0301 42.89 57 71.6 90.8 106 122.3
39 Y 6.2173 12.224 20.52 60.597 77.0 93.0 116 129
40 Zr 6.63390 13.1 22.99 34.34 80.348
41 Nb 6.75885 14.0 25.04 38.3 50.55 102.057 125
10-204

Ionization Energies of Atoms and Atomic Ions 10-205
Neutral Atoms to +7 Ions

Z Element I II III IV V VI VII VIII
42 Mo 7.09243 16.16 27.13 46.4 54.49 68.8276 125.664 143.6
Atomic
43 Tc 7.28 15.26 29.54
44 Ru 7.36050 16.76 28.47
45 Rh 7.45890 18.08 31.06
46 Pd 8.3369 19.43 32.93
47 Ag 7.57623 21.47746 34.83
48 Cd 8.99382 16.90831 37.48
49 In 5.78636 18.8703 28.03 54
50 Sn 7.34392 14.6322 30.50260 40.73502 72.28
51 Sb 8.60839 16.63 25.3 44.2 56 108
52 Te 9.0096 18.6 27.96 37.41 58.75 70.7 137
53 I 10.45126 19.1313 33
54 Xe 12.12984 20.9750 32.1230
55 Cs 3.893905 23.15744
56 Ba 5.211664 10.00383
57 La 5.5769 11.059 19.1773 49.95 61.6
58 Ce 5.5387 10.85 20.198 36.758 65.55 77.6
59 Pr 5.473 10.55 21.624 38.98 57.53
60 Nd 5.5250 10.72 22.1 40.4
61 Pm 5.582 10.90 22.3 41.1
62 Sm 5.6437 11.07 23.4 41.4
63 Eu 5.67038 11.25 24.92 42.7
64 Gd 6.14980 12.09 20.63 44.0
65 Tb 5.8638 11.52 21.91 39.79
66 Dy 5.9389 11.67 22.8 41.47
67 Ho 6.0215 11.80 22.84 42.5
68 Er 6.1077 11.93 22.74 42.7
69 Tm 6.18431 12.05 23.68 42.7
70 Yb 6.25416 12.176 25.05 43.56
71 Lu 5.42586 13.9 20.9594 45.25 66.8
72 Hf 6.82507 15 23.3 33.33
73 Ta 7.54957
74 W 7.86403 16.1
75 Re 7.83352
76 Os 8.43823
77 Ir 8.96702
78 Pt 8.9588 18.563
79 Au 9.22553 20.20
80 Hg 10.4375 18.7568 34.2
81 Tl 6.108194 20.4283 29.83
82 Pb 7.41663 15.03248 31.9373 42.32 68.8
83 Bi 7.2855 16.703 25.56 45.3 56.0 88.3
84 Po 8.414
85 At
86 Rn 10.7485
87 Fr 4.072741
88 Ra 5.278423 10.14715
89 Ac 5.17 11.75
90 Th 6.3067 11.9 20.0 28.8
91 Pa 5.89
92 U 6.1941 10.6
93 Np 6.2657
94 Pu 6.0260 11.2
95 Am 5.9738
96 Cm 5.9914
97 Bk 6.1979
98 Cf 6.2817 11.8
99 Es 6.42 12.0
100 Fm 6.50
101 Md 6.58
102 No 6.65
103 Lr 4.9
104 Rf 6.0

10-206 Ionization Energies of Atoms and Atomic Ions
+8 Ions to +15 Ions

Z Element IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI
9 F 1103.1176
Atomic
10 Ne 1195.8286 1362.1995
11 Na 299.864 1465.121 1648.702
12 Mg 328.06 367.50 1761.805 1962.6650
13 Al 330.13 398.75 442.00 2085.98 2304.1410
14 Si 351.12 401.37 476.36 523.42 2437.63 2673.182
15 P 372.13 424.4 479.46 560.8 611.74 2816.91 3069.842
16 S 379.55 447.5 504.8 564.44 652.2 707.01 3223.78 3494.1892
17 Cl 400.06 455.63 529.28 591.99 656.71 749.76 809.40 3658.521
18 Ar 422.45 478.69 538.96 618.26 686.10 755.74 854.77 918.03
19 K 175.8174 503.8 564.7 629.4 714.6 786.6 861.1 968
20 Ca 188.54 211.275 591.9 657.2 726.6 817.6 894.5 974
21 Sc 180.03 225.18 249.798 687.36 756.7 830.8 927.5 1009
22 Ti 192.1 215.92 265.07 291.500 787.84 863.1 941.9 1044
23 V 205.8 230.5 255.7 308.1 336.277 896.0 976 1060
24 Cr 209.3 244.4 270.8 298.0 354.8 384.168 1010.6 1097
25 Mn 221.8 248.3 286.0 314.4 343.6 403.0 435.163 1134.7
26 Fe 233.6 262.1 290.2 330.8 361.0 392.2 457 489.256
27 Co 186.13 275.4 305 336 379 411 444 511.96
28 Ni 193 224.6 321.0 352 384 430 464 499
29 Cu 199 232 265.3 369 401 435 484 520
30 Zn 203 238 274 310.8 419.7 454 490 542
31 Ga 210.8 244.0 280.7 319.2 357.2 471.2 508.8 548.3
36 Kr 230.85 268.2 308 350 391 447 492 541
37 Rb 150 277.1
38 Sr 162 177 324.1
39 Y 146.2 191 206 374.0
42 Mo 164.12 186.4 209.3 230.28 279.1 302.60 544.0 570
+16 Ions to +23 Ions

Z Element XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV
17 Cl 3946.2960
18 Ar 4120.8857 4426.2296
19 K 1033.4 4610.8 4934.046
20 Ca 1087 1157.8 5128.8 5469.864
21 Sc 1094 1213 1287.97 5674.8 6033.712
22 Ti 1131 1221 1346 1425.4 6249.0 6625.82
23 V 1168 1260 1355 1486 1569.6 6851.3 7246.12
24 Cr 1185 1299 1396 1496 1634 1721.4 7481.7 7894.81
25 Mn 1224 1317 1437 1539 1644 1788 1879.9 8140.6
26 Fe 1266 1358 1456 1582 1689 1799 1950 2023
27 Co 546.58 1397.2 1504.6 1603 1735 1846 1962 2119
28 Ni 571.08 607.06 1541 1648 1756 1894 2011 2131
29 Cu 557 633 670.588 1697 1804 1916 2060 2182
30 Zn 579 619 698 738 1856
36 Kr 592 641 786 833 884 937 998 1051
42 Mo 636 702 767 833 902 968 1020 1082
+24 Ions to +29 Ions

Z Element XXV XXVI XXVII XXVIII XXIX XXX
25 Mn 8571.94
26 Fe 8828 9277.69
27 Co 2219.0 9544.1 10012.12
28 Ni 2295 2399.2 10288.8 10775.40
29 Cu 2308 2478 2587.5 11062.38 11567.617
36 Kr 1151 1205.3 2928 3070 3227 3381
42 Mo 1263 1323 1387 1449 1535 1601

IONIZATION ENERGIES OF GAS-PHASE MOLECULES
Sharon G. Lias
Atomic
This table presents values for the first ionization energies (IP) mass spectrometrists; to convert these values to the electron con-
of approximately 1000 molecules and atoms. Substances are listed vention used by thermodynamicists, add 6 kJ/mol. Details on the
by molecular formula in the modified Hill order (see Preface). calculation of ∆fHion, as well as data for a much larger number of
Values enclosed in parentheses are considered not to be well es- molecules, may be found in the reference and on the Internet site.
tablished. Data appearing in the 1988 reference were updated in
1996 for inclusion in the database of ionization energies available
Reference
at the Internet site of the Standard Reference Data program of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (http://webbook. Lias, S. G., Bartmess, J. E., Liebman, J. F., Holmes, J. L., Levin, R. D., and
nist.gov). The list appearing here includes these updates. Mallard, W.G., Gas-Phase Ion and Neutral Thermochemistry, J. Phys.
The list also includes values for enthalpies of formation of the Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 17, Suppl. No. 1, 1988.
ions at 298 K, ∆fHion, given according to the ion convention used by
Mol. ∆f Hion
form. Name IP/eV kJ/mol
Substances not containing carbon

Ac Actinium 5.17 905
Ag Silver 7.57624 1016
AgCl Silver(I) chloride (≤ 10.08) ≤ 1065
AgF Silver(I) fluoride (11.0 ± 0.3) 1071
Al Aluminum 5.98577 905
AlBr Aluminum monobromide (9.3) 913
AlBr3 Aluminum tribromide (10.4) 593
AlCl Aluminum monochloride 9.4 855
AlCl3 Aluminum trichloride (12.01) 573
AlF Aluminum monofluoride 9.73 ± 0.01 673
AlF3 Aluminum trifluoride ≤ 15.45 ≤ 282
AlI Aluminum monoiodide 9.3 ± 0.3 965
AlI3 Aluminum triiodide (9.1) 673
Am Americium 5.9738 ± 0.0002 860
Ar Argon 15.75962 1521
As Arsenic 9.8152 1250
AsCl3 Arsenic(III) chloride (10.55 ± 0.025) 754
AsF3 Arsenic(III) fluoride (12.84 ± 0.05) 452
AsH3 Arsine (9.89) 1021
Au Gold 9.22567 1254
B Boron 8.29803 1363
BBr3 Boron tribromide (10.51) 809
BCl3 Boron trichloride 11.60 ± 0.02 718
BF Fluoroborane 11.12 ± 0.01 957
Difluoroborane (9.4) 317
BF3 Boron trifluoride 15.7 ± 0.3 365
BH Boron monohydride (9.77) 1385
BH3 Borane 12.026 ± 0.024 1261
BI3 Boron triiodide (9.25 ± 0.03) 964
BO2 Boron dioxide (13.5 ± 0.3) 1001
B2H6 Diborane 11.38 ± 0.05 1134
B2O3 Boron oxide 13.5 ± 0.15 460
B4H10 Tetraborane 10.76 ± 0.04 1105
B5H9 Pentaborane(9) 9.90 ± 0.04 1028
B6H10 Hexaborane (9.0) 965
Ba Barium 5.21170 683
BaO Barium oxide 6.91 ± 0.06 543
Be Beryllium 9.32263 1224
BeO Beryllium oxide (10.1 ± 0.4) 1111
Bi Bismuth 7.2855 908
BiCl3 Bismuth trichloride (10.4) 736
10-207

10-208 Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules
Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
Bk Berkelium 6.23 911

Br Bromine (atomic) 11.81381 1252
BrCl Bromine chloride 11.01 1079
BrF Bromine fluoride 11.86 1086
BrF5 Bromine pentafluoride 13.172 ± 0.002 840
BrH Hydrogen bromide 11.66 ± 0.03 1087
BrH3Si Bromosilane 10.6 943
BrI Iodine bromide 9.790 ± 0.004 986
BrK Potassium bromide 7.85 ± 0.1 578
BrLi Lithium bromide (8.7) 685
BrNO Nitrosyl bromide 10.17 ± 0.03 1065
BrNa Sodium bromide 8.31 ± 0.1 660
BrO Bromine monoxide 10.46 ± 0.02 1135
BrRb Rubidium bromide 7.94 ± 0.03 583
BrTl Thallium(I) bromide 9.14 ± 0.02 844
Br2 Bromine 10.516 ± 0.005 1046
Br2Hg Mercury(II) bromide 10.560 ± 0.003 935
Br2Sn Tin(II) bromide 9.0 839
Br3Ga Gallium(III) bromide 10.40 711
Br3P Phosphorus(III) bromide 9.7 798
Br4Hf Hafnium(IV) bromide (10.9) 366
Br4Sn Tin(IV) bromide 10.6 709
Br4Ti Titanium(IV) bromide 10.3 375
Br4Zr Zirconium(IV) bromide (10.7) 388
Ca Calcium 6.11316 768
CaCl Calcium monochloride 5.86 ± 0.07 462
CaO Calcium oxide 6.66 ± 0.18 668
Cd Cadmium 8.99367 980
Ce Cerium 5.5387 957
Cf Californium 6.30 805
Cl Chlorine (atomic) 12.96764 1373
ClCs Cesium chloride (7.84 ± 0.05) 510
ClF Chlorine fluoride 12.66 ± 0.01 1171
ClFO3 Perchloryl fluoride (12.945 ± 0.005) 1224
ClF2 Chlorine difluoride (12.77 ± 0.05) 1128
ClF3 Chlorine trifluoride (12.65 ± 0.05) 1057
ClF5S Sulfur chloride pentafluoride (12.335 ± 0.005) 144
ClH Hydrogen chloride 12.749 ± 0.009 1137
ClHO Hypochlorous acid (11.12 ± 0.01) 993
ClH3Si Chlorosilane 11.4 899
ClI Iodine chloride 10.088 ± 0.01 991
ClIn Indium(I) chloride (9.51) 842
ClK Potassium chloride (8.0 ± 0.4) 557
ClLi Lithium chloride 9.57 727
ClNO Nitrosyl chloride 10.87 ± 0.01 1099
ClNO2 Nitryl chloride (11.84) 1155
ClNa Sodium chloride 8.92 ± 0.06 681
ClO Chlorine monoxide 10.95 1159
ClO2 Chlorine dioxide 10.33 ± 0.02 1093
ClRb Rubidium chloride (8.50 ± 0.03) 590
ClTl Thallium(I) chloride 9.70 ± 0.03 869
Cl2 Chlorine 11.480 ± 0.005 1108
Cl2CrO2 Chromyl chloride 11.6 580
Cl2Ge Germanium(II) chloride (10.20 ± 0.05) 813
Cl2H2Si Dichlorosilane 11.4 765
Cl2Hg Mercury(II) chloride 11.380 ± 0.003 952
Cl2O Chlorine oxide 10.94 1135
Cl2OS Thionyl chloride 10.96 844
Cl2O2S Sulfuryl chloride 12.05 807
Cl2Pb Lead(II) chloride (10.2) 791

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules 10-209
Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
Cl2S Sulfur dichloride 9.45 ± 0.03 895
Cl2Si Dichlorosilylene (10.93 ± 0.10) 887
Cl2Sn Tin(II) chloride (10.0) 760
Cl3Ga Gallium(III) chloride 11.52 664
Cl3HSi Trichlorosilane (11.7) 648
Cl3N Nitrogen trichloride (10.12 ± 0.1) 1244
Cl3OP Phosphorus(V) oxychloride 11.36 ± 0.02 540
Cl3OV Vanadyl trichloride (11.6) 425
Cl3P Phosphorus(III) chloride 9.91 668
Cl3PS Phosphorus(V) sulfide trichloride 9.71 ± 0.03 573
Cl3Sb Antimony(III) chloride (≤ 10.7) s719
Cl4Ge Germanium(IV) chloride 11.68 ± 0.05 629
Cl4Hf Hafnium(IV) chloride (11.7) 246
Cl4Si Tetrachlorosilane 11.79 ± 0.01 527
Cl4Sn Tin(IV) chloride 11.7 ± 0.2 656
Cl4Ti Titanium(IV) chloride (11.5) 349
Cl4V Vanadium(IV) chloride (9.2) 361
Cl4Zr Zirconium(IV) chloride (11.2) 210
Cl5Mo Molybdenum(V) chloride (8.7) 392
Cl5Nb Niobium(V) chloride (10.97) 356
Cl5P Phosphorus(V) chloride (10.2) 608
Cl5Ta Tantalum(V) chloride (11.08) 303
Cl6W Tungsten(VI) chloride (9.5) 348
Cm Curium 6.02 966
Co Cobalt 7.8810 1187
Cr Chromium 6.76664 1050
Cs Cesium 3.89390 452
CsF Cesium fluoride (8.80 ± 0.10) 489
CsNa Cesium sodium (4.05 ± 0.04) 535
Cu Copper 7.72638 1084
CuF Copper(I) fluoride 10.15 ± 0.02 984
Dy Dysprosium 5.9389 862
Er Erbium 6.1078 907
Es Einsteinium 6.42 753
Eu Europium 5.6704 723
F Fluorine (atomic) 17.42282 1761
FGa Gallium monofluoride (9.6 ± 0.5) 700
FH Hydrogen fluoride 16.044 ± 0.003 1276
FHO Hypofluorous acid 12.71 ± 0.01 1130
FH3Si Fluorosilane 11.7 752
FI Iodine fluoride 10.54 ± 0.01 922
FIn Indium monofluoride (9.6 ± 0.5) 740
FNO Nitrosyl fluoride 12.63 ± 0.03 1152
FNO2 Nitryl fluoride (13.09) 1154
FNS Thionitrosyl fluoride (NSF) 11.51 ± 0.04 1090
FO Fluorine monoxide 12.78 ± 0.03 1342
FO2 Fluorine superoxide (FOO) (12.6 ± 0.2) 1228
FS Sulfur fluoride 10.09 986
FTl Thallium(I) fluoride 10.52 835
F2 Fluorine 15.697 ± 0.003 1515
F2Ge Germanium(II) fluoride (≤ 11.65) 551
F2HN Difluoramine (11.53 ± 0.08) 1046
F2H2Si Difluorosilane (12.2) 386
F2Mg Magnesium fluoride (13.6 ± 0.3) 588
F2N Difluoroamidogen 11.628 ± 0.01 1155
F2N2 trans-Difluorodiazine (12.8) 1315
F2O Fluorine monoxide 13.11 ± 0.01 1290
F2OS Thionyl fluoride 12.25 688
F2O2S Sulfuryl fluoride 13.04 ± 0.01 501
F2Pb Lead(II) fluoride (11.5) 679

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
F2S Sulfur difluoride (10.08) 676

F2Si Difluorosilylene 10.78 ± 0.05 450
F2Sn Tin(II) fluoride (11.1) 586
F2Xe Xenon difluoride 12.35 ± 0.01 1083
F3HSi Trifluorosilane (14.0) 150
F3N Nitrogen trifluoride 13.00 ± 0.02 1125
F3NO Trifluoramine oxide 13.31 ± 0.06 1121
F3OP Phosphorus(V) oxyfluoride 12.76 ± 0.01 –24
F3P Phosphorus(III) fluoride 11.60 ± 0.05 161
F3PS Phosphorus(V) sulfide trifluoride ≤ 11.05 ± 0.035 ≤ 58
F3Si Trifluorosilyl (9.99) – 32
F4Ge Germanium(IV) fluoride (15.5) 307
F4N2 Tetrafluorohydrazine 11.94 ± 0.03 1119
F4S Sulfur tetrafluoride 12.0 ± 0.3 399
F4Si Tetrafluorosilane 15.24 ± 0.14 –144
F4Xe Xenon tetrafluoride 12.65 ± 0.1 1016
F5I Iodine pentafluoride 12.943 ± 0.005 408
F5P Phosphorus(V) fluoride (15.1) –137
F5S Sulfur pentafluoride 9.60 ± 0.05 10
F6Mo Molybdenum(VI) fluoride (14.5 ± 0.1) –159
F6S Sulfur hexafluoride 15.32 ± 0.02 258
F6U Uranium(VI) fluoride 14.00 ± 0.10 –796
Fe Iron 7.9024 1177
Fm Fermium 6.50 627
Ga Gallium 5.99930 851
GaI3 Gallium(III) iodide 9.40 765
Gd Gadolinium 6.1500 991
Ge Germanium 7.900 1139
GeH4 Germane ≤ 10.53 ≤ 1108
GeI4 Germanium(IV) iodide (9.42) 850
GeO Germanium(II) oxide 11.25 ± 0.01 1044
GeS Germanium(II) sulfide (9.98) 1055
H Hydrogen (atomic) 13.59844 1530
HI Hydrogen iodide 10.386 ± 0.001 1028
HLi Lithium hydride 7.7 882
HN Imidogen ≤ 13.49 ± 0.01 1678
HNO Nitrosyl hydride (10.1) 1075
HNO2 Nitrous acid ≤ 11.3 ≤ 1011
HNO3 Nitric acid 11.95 ± 0.01 1019
HN3 Hydrazoic acid 10.72 ± 0.025 1328
HO Hydroxyl 13.0170 ± 0.0002 1294
HO2 Hydroperoxy 11.35 ± 0.01 1106
HS Mercapto 10.4219 ± 0.0004 1145
H2 Hydrogen 15.42593 ± 0.00005 1488
H2N Amidogen 11.14 ± 0.01 1264
H2O Water 12.6206 ± 0.0020 976
H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide 10.58 ± 0.04 885
H2S Hydrogen sulfide 10.457 ± 0.012 989
H2Se Hydrogen selenide 9.892 ± 0.005 984
H2Si Silylene 8.244 ± 0.025 1084
H3N Ammonia 10.070 ± 0.020 925
H3NO Hydroxylamine (10.00) 923
H3P Phosphine 9.869 ± 0.002 958
H3Sb Stibine 9.54 ± 0.03 1067
H4N2 Hydrazine 8.1 ± 0.15 877
H4Si Silane 11.00 ± 0.02 1095
H4Sn Stannane (10.75) 1200
H6Si2 Disilane 9.74 ± 0.02 1019
H8Si3 Trisilane (9.2) 1009
He Helium 24.58741 2372

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
Hf Hafnium 6.82507 ± 0.00004 1278
Hg Mercury 10.43750 1069
HgI2 Mercury(II) iodide 9.5088 ± 0.0022 900
Ho Holmium 6.0216 882
I Iodine (atomic) 10.45126 1115
IK Potassium iodide (7.21 ± 0.3) 570
ILi Lithium iodide (7.5) 633
INa Sodium iodide 7.64 ± 0.02 659
ITl Thallium(I) iodide 8.47 ± 0.02 826
I2 Iodine 9.3074 ± 0.0002 960
I4Ti Titanium(IV) iodide (9.1) 602
I4Zr Zirconium(IV) iodide (9.3) 500
In Indium 5.78636 802
Ir Iridium 9.1 1543
K Potassium 4.34066 508
KLi Lithium potassium 4.57 ± 0.04 512
KNa Potassium sodium 4.41636 ± 0.00017 561
K2 Dipotassium 4.0637 ± 0.0002 519
Kr Krypton 13.99961 1351
La Lanthanum 5.5770 969
Li Lithium 5.39172 680
LiNa Lithium sodium 5.05 ± 0.04 571
LiO Lithium monoxide (8.44) 894
LiRb Lithium rubidium 4.3 ± 0.1 486
Li2 Dilithium 5.1127 ± 0.0003 709
Lu Lutetium 5.42585 950
Md Mendelevium 6.58 635
Mg Magnesium 7.64624 885
MgO Magnesium oxide (8.76 ± 0.22) 901
Mn Manganese 7.43402 998
Mo Molybdenum 7.09243 1343
N Nitrogen (atomic) 14.53414 1875
NO Nitric oxide 9.26438 ± 0.00005 985
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide 9.586 ± 0.002 958
NP Phosphorus nitride 11.84 ± 0.04 1247
NS Nitrogen sulfide 8.87 ± 0.01 1119
N2 Nitrogen 15.5808 1503
N2O Nitrous oxide 12.886 1325
N2O4 Nitrogen tetroxide (10.8) 1050
N2O5 Nitrogen pentoxide (11.9) 1161
Na Sodium 5.13908 603
NaRb Rubidium sodium 4.32 ± 0.04 480
Na2 Disodium 4.894 ± 0.003 614
Nb Niobium 6.75885 1384
Nd Neodymium 5.5250 859
Ne Neon 21.56454 2081
Ni Nickel 7.6398 1167
No Nobelium 6.65 642
Np Neptunium 6.2657 ± 0.0003 1069
O Oxygen (atomic) 13.61806 1563
OPb Lead(II) oxide 9.08 ± 0.10 939
OS Sulfur monoxide 10.294 ± 0.004 998
OS2 Sulfur oxide (SSO) 10.584 ± 0.005 971
OSi Silicon monoxide 11.49 ± 0.20 1008
OSn Tin(II) oxide 9.60 ± 0.02 944
OSr Strontium oxide 6.6 ± 0.2 623
O2 Oxygen 12.0697 ± 0.0002 1165
O2S Sulfur dioxide 12.349 ± 0.001 894
O2Th Thorium(IV) oxide (8.7 ± 0.15) 342
O2Ti Titanium(IV) oxide (9.54 ± 0.1) 623

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
O2U Uranium(IV) oxide (5.4 ± 0.1) 57

O3 Ozone 12.43 1342
O3S Sulfur trioxide 12.82 ± 0.03 841
O3U Uranium(VI) oxide (10.5 ± 0.5) 214
O4Os Osmium(VIII) oxide (12.32) 850
O4Ru Ruthenium(VIII) oxide 12.15 ± 0.03 988
O7Re2 Rhenium(VII) oxide (12.7 ± 0.2) 125
Os Osmium 8.7 1630
P Phosphorus 10.48669 1328
P2 Diphosphorus 10.53 1160
Pa Protactinium 5.89 1133
Pb Lead 7.41666 911
PbS Lead(II) sulfide (8.5 ± 0.5) 954
Pd Palladium 8.3367 1181
Pm Promethium 5.55 536
Pr Praseodymium 5.464 883
Pt Platinum 9.0 1433
Pu Plutonium 6.025 926
Ra Radium 5.27892 668
Rb Rubidium 4.17713 484
Re Rhenium 7.88 1530
Rh Rhodium 7.45890 1276
Rn Radon 10.74850 1037
Ru Ruthenium 7.36050 1355
S Sulfur 10.36001 1277
SSn Tin(II) sulfide (8.8) 966
S2 Disulfur 9.356 ± 0.002 1031
Sb Antimony 8.64 1096
Sc Scandium 6.56144 1010
Se Selenium 9.75238 1168
Si Silicon 8.15169 1238
Sm Samarium 5.6437 751
Sn Tin 7.34381 1011
Sr Strontium 5.69484 713
Ta Tantalum 7.89 1544
Tb Terbium 5.8639 955
Tc Technetium 7.28 1380
Te Tellurium 9.0096 1066
Th Thorium 6.308 ± 0.003 1207
Ti Titanium 6.8282 1127
Tl Thallium 6.10829 771
Tm Thulium 6.18431 827
U Uranium 6.19405 1129
V Vanadium 6.746 ± 0.002 1166
W Tungsten 7.98 1621
Xe Xenon 12.12987 1170
Y Yttrium 6.217 1022
Yb Ytterbium 6.25416 754
Zn Zinc 9.39405 1037
Zr Zirconium 6.63390 1251
Substances containing carbon

C Carbon 11.26030 1803
CBrClF2 Bromochlorodifluoromethane (11.21) 642
CBrCl3 Bromotrichloromethane (10.6) 980
CBrF3 Bromotrifluoromethane (11.40) 451
CBr2F2 Dibromodifluoromethane 11.03 ± 0.04 683
CBr4 Tetrabromomethane (10.31 ± 0.02) 1079
CCl Chloromethylidyne (8.9 ± 0.2) 1244
CClF3 Chlorotrifluoromethane 12.6 ± 0.2 505

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
CClN Cyanogen chloride 12.34 ± 0.01 1329
CCl2 Dichloromethylene (9.27) 1058
CCl2F2 Dichlorodifluoromethane 12.05 ± 0.24 685
CCl2O Carbonyl chloride (11.5) 888
CCl3F Trichlorofluoromethane 11.77 ± 0.02 868
CCl4 Tetrachloromethane 11.47 ± 0.01 1010
CF Fluoromethylidyne 9.11 ± 0.01 1134
CFN Cyanogen fluoride 13.34 ± 0.02 1325
CF2 Difluoromethylene 11.44 ± 0.03 899
CF2O Carbonyl fluoride 13.035 ± 0.030 617
CF3 Trifluoromethyl 8.7 ± 0.2 379
CF3I Trifluoroiodomethane 10.23 397
CH Methylidyne 10.64 ± 0.01 1622
CHBrCl2 Bromodichloromethane 10.6 973
CHBr2Cl Chlorodibromomethane 10.59 ± 0.01 1030
CHBr3 Tribromomethane 10.48 ± 0.02 1035
CHCl Chloromethylene 9.84 1247
CHClF2 Chlorodifluoromethane (12.2) 693
CHCl2F Dichlorofluoromethane (11.5) 829
CHCl3 Trichloromethane 11.37 ± 0.02 992
CHF Fluoromethylene 10.06 ± 0.05 1121
CHF3 Trifluoromethane (13.86) 643
CHI3 Triiodomethane 9.25 ± 0.02 1010
CHN Hydrogen cyanide 13.60 ± 0.01 1447
CHN Hydrogen isocyanide (12.5 ± 0.1) 1407
CHNO Isocyanic acid 11.595 ± 0.005 1016
CHNO Fulminic acid (10.83) 1263
CHO Oxomethyl (HCO) (8.55) 826
CH2 Methylene 10.396 ± 0.003 1392
CH2BrCl Bromochloromethane 10.77 ± 0.01 1085
CH2Br2 Dibromomethane (10.50 ± 0.02) 1013
CH2ClF Chlorofluoromethane 11.71 ± 0.01 870
CH2Cl2 Dichloromethane 11.32 ± .01 996
CH2F2 Difluoromethane 12.71 774
CH2I2 Diiodomethane 9.46 ± 0.02 1030
CH2N2 Diazomethane 8.999 ± 0.001 1098
CH2N2 Cyanamide (10.4) 1137
CH2O Formaldehyde 10.88 ± 0.01 941
CH2O2 Formic acid 11.33 ± 0.01 715
CH3 Methyl 9.843 ± 0.002 1095
CH3BO Borane carbonyl 11.14 ± 0.02 962
CH3Br Bromomethane 10.541 ± 0.003 979
CH3Cl Chloromethane 11.22 ± 0.01 1001
CH3Cl3Si Methyltrichlorosilane (11.36 ± 0.03) 548
CH3F Fluoromethane 12.47 ± 0.02 956
CH3I Iodomethane 9.538 936
CH3NO Formamide 10.16 ± 0.06 796
CH3NO2 Nitromethane 11.08 ± 0.07 994
CH3N3 Methyl azide 9.81 ± 0.02 1227
CH3O Methoxy (10.72) 1050
CH4 Methane 12.61 ± 0.01 1143
CH4N2O Urea 9.7 690
CH4O Methanol 10.85 ± 0.01 845
CH4S Methanethiol 9.44 ± 0.005 888
CH5N Methylamine (8.80) 826
CH6N2 Methylhydrazine 7.7 ± 0.15 835
CH6Si Methylsilane (10.7) 1003
CN Cyanide 13.5984 1748
CNO Cyanate 11.76 ± 0.01 1290
CO Carbon monoxide 14.014 ± 0.0003 1242

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
COS Carbon oxysulfide 11.18 ± 0.01 936

COSe Carbon oxyselenide 10.36 ± 0.01 929
CO2 Carbon dioxide 13.773 ± 0.002 935
CS Carbon sulfide 11.33 ± 0.01 1361
CS2 Carbon disulfide 10.0685 ± 0.0020 1089
C2 Dicarbon (11.4 ± 0.3) 2000
C2Br2F4 1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane (11.1) 280
C2ClF3 Chlorotrifluoroethylene 9.81 ± 0.03 373
C2ClF5 Chloropentafluoroethane (12.6) 99
C2Cl2 Dichloroacetylene 9.9 1165
C2Cl2F4 1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 12.2 252
C2Cl3F3 1,1,1-Trichlorotrifluoroethane 11.5 386
C2Cl3F3 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane 11.99 ± 0.02 429
C2Cl4 Tetrachloroethylene 9.326 ± 0.001 887
C2Cl4F2 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane (11.3) 563
C2Cl4O Trichloroacetyl chloride (11.0) 827
C2Cl6 Hexachloroethane (11.1) 920
C2F3N Trifluoroacetonitrile 13.93 ± 0.07 845
C2F4 Tetrafluoroethylene 10.12 ± 0.02 315
C2F6 Hexafluoroethane (13.6) -30
C2H Ethynyl (11.61 ± 0.07) 1685
C2HBr Bromoacetylene 10.31 ± 0.02 1242
C2HBrClF3 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (11.0) 363
C2HCl Chloroacetylene 10.58 ± 0.02 1276
C2HClF2 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoroethylene 9.80 ± 0.04 628
C2HCl3 Trichloroethylene 9.46 ± 0.02 894
C2HCl3O Dichloroacetyl chloride (10.9) 809
C2HCl5 Pentachloroethane (11.0) 919
C2HF Fluoroacetylene 11.26 1195
C2HF3 Trifluoroethylene 10.14 489
C2HF3O2 Trifluoroacetic acid 11.46 75
C2H2 Acetylene 11.400 ± 0.002 1328
C2H2Cl2 1,1-Dichloroethylene 9.81 ± 0.04 949
C2H2Cl2 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 9.66 ± 0.01 936
C2H2Cl2 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 9.64 ± 0.02 934
C2H2Cl2O Chloroacetyl chloride (≤ 10.3) 815
C2H2Cl4 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane (11.1) 920
C2H2Cl4 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (≤ 11.62) ≤ 971
C2H2F2 1,1-Difluoroethylene 10.29 ± 0.01 650
C2H2F2 cis-1,2-Difluoroethylene 10.23 ± 0.02 690
C2H2O Ketene 9.617 ± 0.003 880
C2H2O2 Glyoxal 10.2 773
C2H2S2 Thiirene 8.61 892
C2H3Br Bromoethylene 9.83 ± 0.02 1028
C2H3Cl Chloroethylene 9.99 ± 0.02 985
C2H3ClF2 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (11.98) 626
C2H3ClO Acetyl chloride 10.82 ± 0.04 801
C2H3ClO Chloroacetaldehyde (10.48) 815
C2H3ClO2 Chloroacetic acid (10.7) 597
C2H3Cl3 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (11.0) 917
C2H3Cl3 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (11.0) 911
C2H3F Fluoroethylene 10.36 ± 0.01 861
C2H3FO Acetyl fluoride (11.5) 667
C2H3F3 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane 13.3 ± 0.5 536
C2H3N Acetonitrile 12.20 ± 0.01 1253
C2H3NO Methylisocyanate (10.67) 900
C2H4 Ethylene 10.5138 ± 0.0006 1067
C2H4Br2 1,2-Dibromoethane 10.35 ± 0.04 961
C2H4Cl2 1,1-Dichloroethane 11.04 ± 0.02 935
C2H4Cl2 1,2-Dichloroethane 11.04 ± 0.02 931

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
C2H4F2 1,1-Difluoroethane (11.87) 643
C2H4O Acetaldehyde 10.229 ± 0.0007 821
C2H4O Ethylene oxide 10.56 ± 0.01 966
C2H4O2 Acetic acid 10.65 ± 0.02 595
C2H4O2 Methyl formate 10.835 ± 0.005 690
C2H5Br Bromoethane 10.29 ± 0.01 931
C2H5Cl Chloroethane 10.98 ± 0.02 947
C2H5ClO 2-Chloroethanol (10.5) 756
C2H5F Fluoroethane (11.78) 873
C2H5I Iodoethane 9.3492 ± 0.0006 893
C2H5N Ethyleneimine (9.5 ± 0.3) 1044
C2H5NO Acetamide 9.65 ± 0.03 693
C2H5NO N-Methylformamide 9.83 ± 0.04 760
C2H5NO2 Nitroethane 10.88 ± 0.05 948
C2H6 Ethane 11.56 ± 0.02 1031
C2H6Cl2Si Dichlorodimethylsilane (10.7) 576
C2H6O Ethanol 10.43 ± 0.05 772
C2H6O Dimethyl ether 10.025 ± 0.025 783
C2H6OS Dimethyl sulfoxide 9.10 ± 0.03 727
C2H6O2 Ethylene glycol 10.16 593
C2H6S Ethanethiol 9.31 ± 0.03 851
C2H6S Dimethyl sulfide 8.69 ± 0.02 801
C2H6S2 Dimethyl disulfide (7.4 ± 0.3) 690
C2H7N Ethylamine 8.86 ± 0.02 808
C2H7N Dimethylamine 8.24 ± 0.08 777
C2H7NO Ethanolamine 8.96 664
C2H8N2 1,2-Ethanediamine (8.6) 812
C2H8N2 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 7.29 ± 0.05 787
C2N2 Cyanogen 13.37 ± 0.01 1597
C3F6 Perfluoropropene 10.60 ± 0.03 –103
C3F6O Perfluoroacetone (11.57 ± 0.13) –282
C3F8 Perfluoropropane (13.38) –491
C3HN Cyanoacetylene 11.64 ± 0.01 1475
C3H2O 2-Propynal (10.7 ± 0.1) 1145
C3H3F3 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (10.9) 437
C3H3N 2-Propenenitrile 10.91 ± 0.01 1237
C3H3NO Oxazole (9.9) 940
C3H3NO Isoxazole (9.93) 1038
C3H4 Allene 9.692 ± 0.004 1126
C3H4 Propyne 10.37 ± 0.01 1187
C3H4 Cyclopropene 9.67 ± 0.01 1209
C3H4N2 Imidazole (8.81) 997
C3H4O Propargyl alcohol 10.49 ± 0.02 1060
C3H4O Acrolein 10.103 ± 0.006 900
C3H4O Cyclopropanone (9.1 ± 0.1) 895
C3H4O2 Propenoic acid 10.60 701
C3H4O2 2-Oxetanone (9.70 ± 0.01) 653
C3H5Br 3-Bromopropene (9.96) 1008
C3H5Cl 3-Chloropropene 10.04 ± 0.01 965
C3H5ClO Epichlorohydrin (10.64) 919
C3H5ClO2 Methyl chloroacetate (10.3) 575
C3H5F 3-Fluoropropene (10.11) 821
C3H5N Propanenitrile 11.84 ± 0.02 1194
C3H5NO Acrylamide (9.5) 720
C3H6 Propene 9.73 ± 0.02 959
C3H6 Cyclopropane 9.86 1005
C3H6Br2 1,2-Dibromopropane (10.1) 903
C3H6Br2 1,3-Dibromopropane (≤ 10.2) ≤ 919
C3H6Cl2 1,2-Dichloropropane 10.8 ± 0.1 886
C3H6Cl2 1,3-Dichloropropane 10.89 ± 0.04 892

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
C3H6O Allyl alcohol 9.67 ± 0.05 808

C3H6O Methyl vinyl ether 8.95 ± 0.01 763
C3H6O Propanal 9.96 ± 0.01 772
C3H6O Acetone 9.703 ± 0.006 719
C3H6O Methyloxirane (10.22) 892
C3H6O Oxetane 9.65 ± 0.01 851
C3H6O2 Propanoic acid 10.525 ± 0.003 568
C3H6O2 Ethyl formate 10.61 ± 0.01 639
C3H6O2 Methyl acetate 10.25 ± 0.02 579
C3H6O2 1,3-Dioxolane (9.9) 658
C3H6O3 1,3,5-Trioxane (10.3) 528
C3H7Br 1-Bromopropane 10.18 ± 0.01 898
C3H7Br 2-Bromopropane 10.10 ± 0.03 877
C3H7Cl 1-Chloropropane 10.81 ± 0.01 911
C3H7Cl 2-Chloropropane 10.79 ± 0.02 896
C3H7F 1-Fluoropropane (11.3) 806
C3H7F 2-Fluoropropane (11.08) 776
C3H7I 1-Iodopropane 9.25 ± 0.01 860
C3H7I 2-Iodopropane 9.19 ± 0.02 845
C3H7N Allylamine (8.76) 891
C3H7N Cyclopropylamine (8.8) 926
C3H7N Propyleneimine (9.0) 960
C3H7NO N,N-Dimethylformamide (9.12) 688
C3H7NO2 1-Nitropropane (10.81) 919
C3H7NO2 2-Nitropropane (10.71) 894
C3H8 Propane 10.95 ± 0.05 952
C3H8O 1-Propanol 10.18 ± 0.06 727
C3H8O 2-Propanol 10.17 ± 0.02 709
C3H8O Ethyl methyl ether 9.72 ± 0.07 722
C3H8O2 Dimethoxymethane 9.7 588
C3H8S 1-Propanethiol 9.20 ± 0.01 819
C3H8S 2-Propanethiol 9.145 ± 0.005 806
C3H8S Ethyl methyl sulfide (8.55) 765
C3H9BO3 Trimethyl borate (10.0) 65
C3H9ClSi Trimethylchlorosilane (10.15) 624
C3H9N Propylamine (8.78) 777
C3H9N Isopropylamine (8.72) 758
C3H9N Trimethylamine 7.82 ± 0.06 731
C3H9NO 3-Amino-1-propanol (9.0) 651
C4H2O3 Maleic anhydride (10.8) 645
C4H4 1-Buten-3-yne 9.58 ± 0.02 1230
C4H4N2 Succinonitrile (12.1 ± 0.25) 1377
C4H4N2 Pyrimidine 9.23 1087
C4H4N2 Pyridazine 8.67 ± 0.03 1112
C4H4O Furan 8.883 ± 0.003 822
C4H4O2 Diketene (9.6 ± 0.02) 736
C4H4O3 Succinic anhydride (10.6) 500
C4H4O4 Fumaric acid (10.7) 355
C4H4S Thiophene 8.86 ± 0.02 970
C4H5N Methylacrylonitrile 10.34 1127
C4H5N Pyrrole 8.207 ± 0.005 900
C4H5N Cyclopropanecarbonitrile (10.25) 1173
C4H6 1,2-Butadiene (9.03) 1034
C4H6 1,3-Butadiene 9.082 ± 0.004 986
C4H6 1-Butyne 10.19 ± 0.02 1148
C4H6 2-Butyne 9.59 ± 0.03 1071
C4H6 Cyclobutene 9.43 ± 0.02 1067
C4H6O Divinyl ether (8.7) 827
C4H6O trans-2-Butenal 9.73 ± 0.01 835
C4H6O 2-Methylpropenal (9.92) 834

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
C4H6O Cyclobutanone (9.35) 815
C4H6O2 cis-Crotonic acid (10.08) 625
C4H6O2 trans-Crotonic acid (9.9) 604
C4H6O2 Methacrylic acid (10.15) 611
C4H6O2 Vinyl acetate 9.19 ± 0.05 572
C4H6O2 Methyl acrylate (9.9) 641
C4H6O3 Acetic anhydride (10.0) 398
C4H6O4 Dimethyl oxalate (10.0) 287
C4H6S 2,5-Dihydrothiophene (8.4) 898
C4H7N Butanenitrile (11.2) 1110
C4H7N 2-Methylpropanenitrile (11.3) 1115
C4H7NO 2-Pyrrolidone (9.2) 674
C4H8 1-Butene 9.55 ± 0.06 921
C4H8 cis-2-Butene 9.11 ± 0.01 871
C4H8 trans-2-Butene 9.10 ± 0.01 866
C4H8 Isobutene 9.239 ± 0.003 875
C4H8 Cyclobutane (9.82 ± 0.05) 976
C4H8 Methylcyclopropane (9.46) 936
C4H8Br2 1,4-Dibromobutane (10.15) 879
C4H8O Ethyl vinyl ether (8.98) 709
C4H8O 1,2-Epoxybutane (≤ 10.15) 862
C4H8O Butanal 9.84 ± 0.02 742
C4H8O Isobutanal 9.71 ± 0.01 721
C4H8O 2-Butanone 9.52 ± 0.04 678
C4H8O Tetrahydrofuran 9.38 ± 0.05 721
C4H8O2 Butanoic acid 10.17 ± 0.05 509
C4H8O2 2-Methylpropanoic acid 10.33 ± 0.03 516
C4H8O2 Propyl formate 10.52 ± 0.02 555
C4H8O2 Ethyl acetate 10.01 ± 0.05 522
C4H8O2 Methyl propanoate 10.15 ± 0.03 548
C4H8O2 1,3-Dioxane 9.8 607
C4H8O2 1,4-Dioxane 9.19 ± 0.01 571
C4H8O2S Sulfolane (9.8) 577
C4H8S Tetrahydrothiophene 8.38 774
C4H9Br 1-Bromobutane (10.12) 869
C4H9Br 2-Bromobutane 10.01 ± 0.02 845
C4H9Br 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane 10.09 ± 0.02 861
C4H9Br 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane 9.92 ± 0.03 823
C4H9Cl 1-Chlorobutane 10.67 ± 0.03 875
C4H9Cl 2-Chlorobutane 10.53 857
C4H9Cl 1-Chloro-2-methylpropane 10.73 ± 0.07 877
C4H9Cl 2-Chloro-2-methylpropane (10.61) 842
C4H9I 1-Iodobutane 9.23 ± 0.01 840
C4H9I 2-Iodobutane 9.10 ± 0.02 815
C4H9I 1-Iodo-2-methylpropane 9.19 ± 0.01 824
C4H9I 2-Iodo-2-methylpropane (9.02) 798
C4H9N Pyrrolidine (8.0) 769
C4H9NO N,N-Dimethylacetamide 8.81 ± 0.03 616
C4H9NO Morpholine (8.2) 841
C4H10 Butane 10.53 ± 0.10 890
C4H10 Isobutane (10.57) 886
C4H10O 1-Butanol 9.99 ± 0.05 689
C4H10O 2-Butanol 9.88 ± 0.03 658
C4H10O 2-Methyl-1-propanol 10.02 ± 0.04 683
C4H10O 2-Methyl-2-propanol 9.90 ± 0.02 642
C4H10O Diethyl ether 9.51 ± 0.03 666
C4H10O Methyl propyl ether 9.41 ± 0.07 670
C4H10O Isopropyl methyl ether 9.45 ± 0.04 661
C4H10O2 Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (9.6) 529
C4H10O2 Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (9.3) 558

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
C4H10S 1-Butanethiol 9.14 ± 0.01 794

C4H10S 2-Butanethiol (9.10) 781
C4H10S 2-Methyl-1-propanethiol (9.12) 783
C4H10S 2-Methyl-2-propanethiol (9.03) 762
C4H10S Diethyl sulfide (8.43) 730
C4H10S Methyl propyl sulfide (8.8) 767
C4H10S Isopropyl methyl sulfide (8.7) 749
C4H10S2 Diethyl disulfide (8.27) 724
C4H11N Butylamine 8.7 ± 0.1 748
C4H11N sec-Butylamine 8.46 ± 0.1 711
C4H11N tert-Butylamine 8.46 ± 0.1 695
C4H11N Isobutylamine 8.50 ± 0.1 721
C4H11N Diethylamine 7.85 ± 0.1 684
C4H12Si Tetramethylsilane 9.80 ± 0.04 713
C4H12Sn Tetramethylstannane 8.89 ± 0.05 837
C4NiO4 Nickel carbonyl 8.27 ± 0.04 200
C5H4O2 Furfural 9.22 ± 0.01 739
C5H5N Pyridine 9.25 1031
C5H6 1-Penten-3-yne 9.00 ± 0.01 1119
C5H6 cis-3-Penten-1-yne 9.14 ± 0.04 1137
C5H6 trans-3-Penten-1-yne 9.05 ± 0.01 1128
C5H6 2-Methyl-1-buten-3-yne 9.25 ± 0.02 1152
C5H6 1,3-Cyclopentadiene 8.55 ± 0.02 955
C5H6O 2-Methylfuran 8.38 ± 0.02 729
C5H6O 3-Methylfuran (8.64) 763
C5H6S 2-Methylthiophene (8.14) 867
C5H6S 3-Methylthiophene (8.40) 893
C5H8 cis-1,3-Pentadiene 8.63 ± 0.03 914
C5H8 trans-1,3-Pentadiene 8.59 ± 0.02 905
C5H8 1,4-Pentadiene 9.60 ± 0.02 1032
C5H8 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene 8.84 ± 0.01 928
C5H8 1-Pentyne 10.10 ± 0.01 1119
C5H8 Cyclopentene 9.01 ± 0.01 905
C5H8 Spiropentane (9.26) 1078
C5H8O Cyclopropyl methyl ketone (≤ 9.46) 796
C5H8O Cyclopentanone 9.26 ± 0.01 701
C5H8O 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran 8.35 ± 0.01 681
C5H8O2 Ethyl acrylate (≤ 10.3) 617
C5H8O2 Methyl methacrylate (9.7) 589
C5H8O2 2,4-Pentanedione 8.85 ± 0.01 469
C5H9NO N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (≤ 9.17) ≤ 676
C5H10 1-Pentene 9.51 ± 0.01 896
C5H10 cis-2-Pentene 9.01 ± 0.03 843
C5H10 trans-2-Pentene 9.04 ± 0.01 841
C5H10 2-Methyl-1-butene 9.12 ± 0.01 844
C5H10 3-Methyl-1-butene 9.52 ± 0.01 891
C5H10 2-Methyl-2-butene 8.69 ± 0.01 796
C5H10 Cyclopentane (10.33 ± 0.15) 918
C5H10O 2,2-Dimethylpropanal 9.51 ± 0.01 675
C5H10O Cyclopentanol (9.72) 695
C5H10O Pentanal 9.74 ± 0.04 709
C5H10O 2-Pentanone 9.38 ± 0.01 646
C5H10O 3-Pentanone 9.31 ± 0.01 640
C5H10O 3-Methyl-2-butanone 9.30 ± 0.01 635
C5H10O Tetrahydropyran 9.25 ± 0.01 670
C5H10O2 Pentanoic acid (≤ 10.53) ≤ 527
C5H10O2 3-Methylbutanoic acid (≤ 10.51) ≤ 499
C5H10O2 Butyl formate 10.52 ± 0.02 584
C5H10O2 Propyl acetate (≤ 9.92) 501
C5H10O2 Isopropyl acetate 9.99 ± 0.03 482

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
C5H10O2 Ethyl propanoate (10.00) 500
C5H10O2 Methyl butanoate (10.07) 520
C5H10S Thiacyclohexane (8.2) 728
C5H11Br 1-Bromopentane 10.10 ± 0.01 846
C5H11I 1-Iodopentane 9.20 ± 0.01 817
C5H11N Piperidine 8.03 ± 0.11 726
C5H11N N-Methylpyrrolidine ≤ 8.41 ± 0.02 ≤ 809
C5H12 Pentane 10.28 ± 0.10 845
C5H12 Isopentane 10.32 ± 0.05 843
C5H12 Neopentane (≤ 10.2) ≤ 818
C5H12O 1-Pentanol (10.00) 668
C5H12O 2-Pentanol (9.78) 630
C5H12O 3-Pentanol 9.78 628
C5H12O 2-Methyl-1-butanol (9.86) 649
C5H12O 2-Methyl-2-butanol (9.8) 615
C5H12O 3-Methyl-2-butanol (9.88 ± 0.13) 637
C5H12O Butyl methyl ether (9.4 ± 0.1) 648
C5H12O Methyl tert-butyl ether (9.24) 608
C5H12O Ethyl propyl ether (9.45) 640
C5H12S tert-Butyl methyl sulfide (8.38) 687
C5H12S Ethyl propyl sulfide (8.50) 716
C5H12S Ethyl isopropyl sulfide (8.35) 689
C6BrF5 Bromopentafluorobenzene (9.67) 222
C6ClF5 Chloropentafluorobenzene (9.72) 126
C6Cl6 Hexachlorobenzene (8.98) 822
C6F6 Hexafluorobenzene 9.89 ± 0.04 8
C6F12 Perfluorocyclohexane (13.2) –1095
C6HF5 Pentafluorobenzene (9.63) 122
C6HF5O Pentafluorophenol (9.20) –71
C6H2F4 1,2,3,4-Tetrafluorobenzene (9.53) 284
C6H3Cl3 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (9.04) 880
C6H3Cl3 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene 9.32 ± 0.02 899
C6H4ClNO2 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene (9.92 ± 0.1) 995
C6H4ClNO2 1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene (9.96 ± 0.1) 999
C6H4Cl2 o-Dichlorobenzene 9.06 ± 0.02 907
C6H4Cl2 m-Dichlorobenzene 9.10 ± 0.02 906
C6H4Cl2 p-Dichlorobenzene 8.92 ± 0.02 885
C6H4FNO2 1-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzene (9.90) 826
C6H4F2 o-Difluorobenzene 9.29 ± 0.01 602
C6H4F2 m-Difluorobenzene 9.33 ± 0.01 591
C6H4F2 p-Difluorobenzene 9.1589 ± 0.0003 577
C6H4O2 p-Benzoquinone 10.01 ± 0.06 844
C6H5Br Bromobenzene 9.00 ± 0.02 971
C6H5Cl Chlorobenzene 9.07 ± 0.02 930
C6H5ClO m-Chlorophenol 8.655 ± 0.001 680
C6H5ClO p-Chlorophenol (≤ 8.69) ≤ 692
C6H5F Fluorobenzene 9.20 ± 0.01 772
C6H5I Iodobenzene 8.685 1003
C6H5NO2 Nitrobenzene 9.86 ± 0.02 1019
C6H5NO3 o-Nitrophenol (9.1) 782
C6H5NO3 m-Nitrophenol (9.0) 755
C6H5NO3 p-Nitrophenol (9.1) 761
C6H6 Benzene 9.24378 ± 0.00007 975
C6H6 Fulvene (8.36) 1031
C6H6ClN o-Chloroaniline (8.50) 883
C6H6ClN m-Chloroaniline (8.09) 835
C6H6ClN p-Chloroaniline (≤ 8.18) ≤ 844
C6H6N2O2 o-Nitroaniline (8.27) 861

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
C6H6N2O2 m-Nitroaniline (8.31) 865

C6H6N2O2 p-Nitroaniline (8.34) 859
C6H6O Phenol 8.49 ± 0.02 723
C6H6O2 p-Hydroquinone 7.94 ± 0.01 503
C6H6S Benzenethiol (8.32) 915
C6H7N Aniline 7.720 ± 0.002 832
C6H7N 2-Methylpyridine (9.02) 970
C6H8N2 o-Phenylenediamine (7.2) 787
C6H8N2 m-Phenylenediamine (7.14) 777
C6H8N2 p-Phenylenediamine (6.87 ± 0.05) 759
C6H10 1,5-Hexadiene 9.27 ± 0.05 978
C6H10 1-Hexyne 10.03 ± 0.05 1089
C6H10 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butyne 9.90 ± 0.04 1060
C6H10 Cyclohexene 8.945 ± 0.01 859
C6H10O Cyclohexanone 9.14 ± 0.01 656
C6H10O Mesityl oxide 9.10 ± 0.01 694
C6H10O4 Diethyl oxalate (9.8) 205
C6H11NO Caprolactam (9.07 ± 0.02) 629
C6H12 1-Hexene 9.44 ± 0.04 869
C6H12 cis-2-Hexene (8.97 ± 0.01) 818
C6H12 trans-2-Hexene (8.97 ± 0.01) 814
C6H12 2-Methyl-1-pentene (9.08 ± 0.01) 817
C6H12 4-Methyl-1-pentene 9.45 ± 0.01 862
C6H12 2-Methyl-2-pentene (8.58) 761
C6H12 4-Methyl-cis-2-pentene 8.98 ± 0.01 809
C6H12 4-Methyl-trans-2-pentene (8.97 ± 0.01) 804
C6H12 2-Ethyl-1-butene (9.06 ± 0.02) 818
C6H12 2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene (9.07 ± 0.01) 812
C6H12 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene 8.27 ± 0.01 729
C6H12 Cyclohexane 9.86 ± 0.03 828
C6H12 Methylcyclopentane (9.85) 845
C6H12O Hexanal 9.72 ± 0.05 691
C6H12O 2-Hexanone 9.3 ± 0.1 626
C6H12O 3-Hexanone 9.12 ± 0.02 600
C6H12O 3-Methyl-2-pentanone 9.21 ± 0.01 600
C6H12O 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanone 9.12 ± 0.02 589
C6H12O Cyclohexanol (9.75) 651
C6H12O2 Hexanoic acid ≤ 10.12 ≤ 463
C6H12O2 Butyl acetate (9.92 ± .05) 471
C6H12O2 sec-Butyl acetate 9.90 453
C6H12O2 Methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate (9.90 ± 0.04) 466
C6H13I 1-Iodohexane 9.179 794
C6H13N Cyclohexylamine (8.86) 750
C6H14 Hexane 10.13 810
C6H14 2-Methylpentane (10.12) 802
C6H14 3-Methylpentane (10.08) 801
C6H14 2,2-Dimethylbutane (10.06) 787
C6H14 2,3-Dimethylbutane (10.02) 791
C6H14O 1-Hexanol (9.89) 639
C6H14O 2-Hexanol (9.80 ± 0.03) 611
C6H14O 3-Hexanol (9.63 ± 0.03) 599
C6H14O Dipropyl ether (9.27) 602
C6H14O Diisopropyl ether 9.20 ± 0.05 569
C6H14O Butyl ethyl ether (9.36) 610
C6H14O Methyl pentyl ether (≤ 9.67) ≤ 657
C6H14O2 1,1-Diethoxyethane (9.2) 434

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
C6H14O3 Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether ≤ 9.8 ≤ 448
C6H14S Dipropyl sulfide 8.30 ± 0.02 676
C6H14S Diisopropyl sulfide (8.2 ± 0.2) 649
C6H15N Hexylamine (8.63 ± 0.05) 699
C6H15N Dipropylamine (7.84 ± 0.02) 641
C6H15N Diisopropylamine (7.73 ± 0.03) 602
C6H15N Triethylamine (7.50 ± 0.02) 631
C6H15NO3 Triethanolamine (7.9) 206
C7H3F5 2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorotoluene (9.4) 64
C7H5ClO Benzoyl chloride (9.53) 815
C7H5Cl3 (Trichloromethyl)benzene (≤ 9.60) ≤ 914
C7H5F3 (Trifluoromethyl)benzene 9.685 ± 0.005 335
C7H5N Benzonitrile 9.70 ± 0.01 1154
C7H6O Benzaldehyde 9.49 ± 0.02 878
C7H6O2 Benzoic acid (9.3) 604
C7H7Br p-Bromotoluene 8.67 ± 0.02 908
C7H7Cl o-Chlorotoluene (8.7 ± 0.1) 856
C7H7Cl m-Chlorotoluene (8.83) 869
C7H7Cl p-Chlorotoluene (8.69) 855
C7H7Cl (Chloromethyl)benzene 9.10 ± 0.02 897
C7H7F o-Fluorotoluene 8.91 ± 0.01 709
C7H7F m-Fluorotoluene 8.91 ± 0.01 709
C7H7F p-Fluorotoluene 8.79 ± 0.01 701
C7H7NO Benzamide (9.25) 792
C7H7NO2 o-Nitrotoluene 9.24 946
C7H7NO2 m-Nitrotoluene 9.45 ± 0.1 941
C7H7NO2 p-Nitrotoluene 9.46 ± 0.05 942
C7H8 Toluene 8.8276 ± 0.0006 901
C7H8O o-Cresol (8.24) 670
C7H8O m-Cresol 8.29 ± 0.07 668
C7H8O p-Cresol (8.3) 675
C7H8O Benzyl alcohol (8.3) 701
C7H8O Anisole 8.22 ± 0.03 725
C7H9N Benzylamine (8.64) 917
C7H9N o-Methylaniline (7.44 ± 0.02) 772
C7H9N m-Methylaniline (7.50 ± 0.02) 778
C7H9N p-Methylaniline (7.24 ± 0.02) 753
C7H9N N-Methylaniline 7.34 ± 0.04 792
C7H9N 2,3-Dimethylpyridine (8.85 ± 0.02) 922
C7H9N 2,4-Dimethylpyridine (8.85 ± 0.03) 918
C7H9N 2,5-Dimethylpyridine (≤ 8.80 ± 0.05) ≤ 916
C7H9N 2,6-Dimethylpyridine 8.86 ± 0.03 913
C7H9N 3,4-Dimethylpyridine (≤ 9.15) ≤ 953
C7H9N 3,5-Dimethylpyridine (≤ 9.25) ≤ 965
C7H10O Dicyclopropyl ketone (9.1) 1041
C7H14 1-Heptene 9.34 ± 0.10 839
C7H14 trans-3-Heptene (8.92) 790
C7H14 Cycloheptane 9.97 844
C7H14 Methylcyclohexane 9.64 775
C7H14 cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane (9.92 ± 0.05) 828
C7H14 trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane 9.7 ± 0.2 799
C7H14O 1-Heptanal (9.65) 668
C7H14O 2-Heptanone 9.28 ± 0.10 594
C7H14O 3-Heptanone 9.18 ± 0.08 589
C7H14O 4-Heptanone 9.10 ± 0.06 577
C7H14O 5-Methyl-2-hexanone (9.28) 586
C7H14O 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone 8.95 ± 0.01 552
C7H14O 1-Methylcyclohexanol (9.8 ± 0.2) 586
C7H16 Heptane 9.93 ± 0.10 771
C7H16O 1-Heptanol (9.84) 614

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
C7H16O 2-Heptanol (9.70) 580

C7H16O 3-Heptanol (9.68) 578
C7H16O 4-Heptanol (9.61) 572
C7H16O Ethyl pentyl ether (≤ 9.49) ≤ 602
C8H4O3 Phthalic anhydride (10.1) 603
C8H6O4 Isophthalic acid (9.98) 268
C8H6O4 Terephthalic acid (9.86) 232
C8H7N 2-Methylbenzonitrile (≤ 9.38) 1085
C8H7N 3-Methylbenzonitrile (≤ 9.34) 1085
C8H7N 4-Methylbenzonitrile 9.32 ± 0.02 1083
C8H7N Indole 7.7602 ± 0.0006 908
C8H8 Styrene 8.464 ± 0.001 964
C8H8O p-Tolualdehyde (9.33) 825
C8H8O Acetophenone 9.29 ± 0.03 810
C8H8O2 o-Toluic acid (9.1) 558
C8H8O2 m-Toluic acid (9.43) 579
C8H8O2 p-Toluic acid (9.23) 560
C8H8O2 Benzeneacetic acid (8.26) 479
C8H8O2 Methyl benzoate 9.32 ± 0.03 611
C8H10 Ethylbenzene 8.77 ± 0.01 876
C8H10 o-Xylene 8.56 ± 0.01 844
C8H10 m-Xylene 8.56 ± 0.01 843
C8H10 p-Xylene 8.44 ± 0.01 832
C8H10O p-Ethylphenol (7.84) 613
C8H10O 2,3-Xylenol (8.26) 640
C8H10O 2,4-Xylenol (8.0) 609
C8H10O 2,6-Xylenol (8.05) 615
C8H10O 3,4-Xylenol (8.09) 624
C8H10O Phenetole (8.13) 683
C8H11N 2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine (≤ 8.9) ≤ 880
C8H11N N-Ethylaniline (≤ 7.67) ≤ 794
C8H11N N,N-Dimethylaniline 7.12 ± 0.02 787
C8H14 1-Octyne (9.95 ± 0.02) 1040
C8H14 2-Octyne 9.31 ± 0.01 961
C8H14 3-Octyne 9.22 ± 0.01 952
C8H14 4-Octyne 9.20 ± 0.01 946
C8H16 1-Octene 9.43 ± 0.01 829
C8H16 Cyclooctane 9.75 ± 0.05 816
C8H16 Ethylcyclohexane (9.54) 748
C8H16 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane (9.42) 728
C8H16 cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane (<9.78) 772
C8H16 trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane 9.41 728
C8H16 trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane 9.53 743
C8H16 trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane (9.56) 738
C8H16 Propylcyclopentane (9.34) 753
C8H16O 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanone (8.80) 511
C8H18 Octane 9.80 ± 0.10 737
C8H18 2-Methylheptane (9.84) 734
C8H18 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (9.86) 713
C8H18 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane 9.8 720
C8H18O Dibutyl ether (9.28) s 560
C8H18O Di-sec-butyl ether (9.11) 511
C8H18O Di-tert-butyl ether 8.88 ± 0.07 493
C8H18S Dibutyl sulfide (8.2) 624
C8H18S Di-tert-butyl sulfide (8.0) 583
C8H18S Diisobutyl sulfide (8.34) 625
C8H19N Dibutylamine (7.69) 586
C8H19N Diisobutylamine (7.8) 574

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
C8H20Si Tetraethylsilane (8.9) 595
C9H7N Quinoline 8.62 ± 0.01 1041
C9H7N Isoquinoline 8.53 ± 0.03 1032
C9H8 Indene 8.14 ± 0.01 949
C9H10 o-Methylstyrene (8.20) 908
C9H10 m-Methylstyrene (8.15) 899
C9H10 p-Methylstyrene (8.1) 895
C9H10 Cyclopropylbenzene (8.35) 956
C9H10 Indan (8.3) 864
C9H10O2 Ethyl benzoate (8.9) 537
C9H12 Propylbenzene 8.713 ± 0.010 848
C9H12 Isopropylbenzene 8.73 ± 0.01 847
C9H12 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 8.42 ± 0.02 803
C9H13N N,N-Dimethyl-o-toluidine 7.40 ± 0.02 814
C9H14O Isophorone (≤ 9.07) ≤ 670
C9H18 Butylcyclopentane (9.95) 793
C9H18 Propylcyclohexane (9.46) 720
C9H18 Isopropylcyclohexane (9.33) 704
C9H18O 2-Nonanone (9.16) 545
C9H18O 5-Nonanone (9.07) 530
C9H18O 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone 9.01 ± 0.06 512
C9H20 Nonane 9.71 ± 0.10 709
C10F8 Perfluoronaphthalene 8.85 –368
C10H7Br 1-Bromonaphthalene 8.08 ± 0.03 955
C10H7Cl 1-Chloronaphthalene (8.13) 906
C10H8 Naphthalene 8.1442 ± 0.0009 936
C10H8 Azulene 7.38 ± 0.05 1001
C10H8O 1-Naphthol 7.76 ± 0.03 719
C10H8O 2-Naphthol 7.87 ± 0.06 729
C10H10O4 Dimethyl phthalate (9.64 ± 0.07) 277
C10H12 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene 8.46 ± 0.02 841
C10H14 Butylbenzene 8.69 ± 0.02 826
C10H14 sec-Butylbenzene 8.68 ± 0.02 820
C10H14 tert-Butylbenzene 8.68 ± 0.05 816
C10H14 Isobutylbenzene 8.69 ± 0.02 817
C10H14 p-Cymene (8.29) 771
C10H14 o-Diethylbenzene (≤ 8.51) ≤ 804
C10H14 m-Diethylbenzene (8.49) 798
C10H14 p-Diethylbenzene (8.40) 790
C10H14 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene 8.04 ± 0.02 730
C10H14O p-tert-Butylphenol (7.8) 552
C10H16 α-Pinene (8.07) 808
C10H16O Camphor (8.76) 577
C10H18 cis-Decahydronaphthalene 9.36 ± 0.04 734
C10H18 trans-Decahydronaphthalene 9.34 ± 0.04 720
C10H20 1-Decene 9.42 ± 0.05 786
C10H20 Butylcyclohexane (9.41) 695
C10H22 Decane (9.65) 682
C11H10 1-Methylnaphthalene 7.97 ± 0.03 882
C11H10 2-Methylnaphthalene 7.91 ± 0.08 877
C11H16 p-tert-Butyltoluene (8.12) 730
C11H24 Undecane (9.56) 650
C11H24 2-Methyldecane (9.7) 658
C12H8 Acenaphthylene (8.22) 1053
C12H9N Carbazole (7.57) 961
C12H10 Acenaphthene 7.75 ± 0.07 903
C12H10 Biphenyl 8.23 ± 0.10 977
C12H10N2O trans-Azoxybenzene (8.1) 1123

Mol. ∆f Hion
Atomic
C12H10O Diphenyl ether (8.09) 766

C12H11N Diphenylamine 7.16 ± 0.04 908
C12H18 5,7-Dodecadiyne (8.67) 1079
C12H18 Hexamethylbenzene 7.85 ± 0.01 670
C12H22 Cyclohexylcyclohexane (9.41) 690
C12H27N Tributylamine (7.4) 492
C13H10 9H-Fluorene 7.91 ± 0.02 952
C13H10O Benzophenone 9.08 ± 0.05 926
C13H12 Diphenylmethane (8.55) 963
C14H10 Anthracene 7.439 ± 0.006 948
C14H10 Phenanthrene 7.8914 ± 0.0006 966
C14H10 Diphenylacetylene 7.94 ± 0.03 1168
C14H12 cis-Stilbene (7.80) 1005
C14H12 trans-Stilbene 7.656 ± 0.001 973
C14H14 1,2-Diphenylethane 8.9 ± 0.1 1002
C16H10 Fluoranthene 7.9 ± 0.1 1052
C16H10 Pyrene 7.4256 ± 0.0006 935
C18H12 Chrysene 7.60 ± 0.01 1017
C18H14 o-Terphenyl (7.99) 1056
C18H14 m-Terphenyl (8.01) 1057
C18H14 p-Terphenyl 7.80 ± 0.03 1037
C20H12 Perylene 6.960 ± 0.001 981
C24H12 Coronene 7.29 ± 0.01 1026

X-RAY ATOMIC ENERGY LEVELS
Atomic
The energy levels in this table are the values recommended by References
Bearden and Burr on the basis of a thorough review of the lit-
erature on x-ray wavelengths and related data. All values are in 1. Bearden, J. A., and Burr, A. F., Rev. Mod. Phys., 39, 125, 1967; also
electron volts (eV). Values in parentheses are interpolated, and an published as X-Ray Wavelengths and X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels,
asterisk * indicates a level that is not resolved from the level above Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Sys. — Natl. Bur. Standards (U.S.), No. 14,
1967.
it. See Reference 1 for uncertainties in the levels and a complete
2. Gray, D. E., Ed., American Institute of Physics Handbook, Third Edi-
description of how the recommended values were obtained. tion, pp. 7-158 to 7-167, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1972.
Level 1H 2He 3Li 4Be 5B 6C 7N 8O

K 13.59811 24.58678 54.75 111.0 188.0 283.8 401.6 532.0
LI 23.7
LII,III 4.7 6.4 9.2 7.1
Level 9F 10Ne 11Na 12Mg 13Al 14Si 15P 16S

K 685.4 866.9 1072.1 1305.0 1559.6 1838.9 2145.5 2472.0
LI (31) (45) 63.3 89.4 117.7 148.7 189.3 229.2
LII,III 8.6 18.3 31.1 51.4 73.1 99.2 132.2 164.8
Level 17Cl 18Ar 19K 20Ca 21Sc 22Ti 23V 24Cr

K 2822.4 3202.9 3607.4 4038.1 4492.8 4966.4 5465.1 5989.2
LI 270.2 320 377.1 437.8 500.4 563.7 628.2 694.6
LII 201.6 247.3 296.3 350.0 406.7 461.5 520.5 583.7
LIII 200.0 245.2 293.6 346.4 402.2 455.5 512.9 574.5
MI 17.5 25.3 33.9 43.7 53.8 60.3 66.5 74.1
MII,III 6.8 12.4 17.8 25.4 32.3 34.6 37.8 42.5
MIV,V 6.6 3.7 2.2 2.3
Level 25Mn 26Fe 27Co 28Ni 29Cu 30Zn 31Ga 32Ge

K 6539.0 7112.0 7708.9 8332.8 8978.9 9658.6 10367.1 11103.1
LI 769.0 846.1 925.6 1008.1 1096.1 1193.6 1297.7 1414.3
LII 651.4 721.1 793.6 871.9 951.0 1042.8 1142.3 1247.8
LIII 640.3 708.1 778.6 854.7 931.1 1019.7 1115.4 1216.7
MI 83.9 92.9 100.7 111.8 119.8 135.9 158.1 180.0
MII 48.6 54.0 59.5 68.1 73.6 86.6 106.8 127.9
MIII 48.6* 54.0* 59.5* 68.1* 73.6* 86.6* 102.9 120.8
MIV,V 3.3 3.6 2.9 3.6 1.6 8.1 17.4 28.7
Level 33As 34Se 35Br 36Kr 37Rb 38Sr 39Y 40Zr

K 11866.7 12657.8 13473.7 14325.6 15199.7 16104.6 17038.4 17997.6
LI 1526.5 1653.9 1782.0 1921.0 2065.1 2216.3 2372.5 2531.6
LII 1358.6 1476.2 1596.0 1727.2 1863.9 2006.8 2155.5 2306.7
LIII 1323.1 1435.8 1549.9 1674.9 1804.4 1939.6 2080.0 2222.3
MI 203.5 231.5 256.5 322.1 357.5 393.6 430.3
MII 146.4 168.2 189.3 222.7 247.4 279.8 312.4 344.2
MIII 140.5 161.9 181.5 213.8 238.5 269.1 300.3 330.5
MIV 41.2 56.7 70.1 88.9 111.8 135.0 159.6 182.4
MV 41.2* 56.7* 69.0 88.9* 110.3 133.1 157.4 180.0
NI 27.3 24.0 29.3 37.7 45.4 51.3
NII 2.5 5.6 5.2 10.6 14.8 19.9 25.6 28.7
NIII 2.5* 5.6* 4.6 10.6* 14.0 19.9* 25.6* 28.7*
Level 41Nb 42Mo 43Tc 44Ru 45Rh 46Pd 47Ag 48Cd

K 18985.6 19999.5 21044.0 22117.2 23219.9 24350.3 25514.0 26711.2
LI 2697.7 2865.5 3042.5 3224.0 3411.9 3604.3 3805.8 4018.0
LII 2464.7 2625.1 2793.2 2966.9 3146.1 3330.3 3523.7 3727.0
LIII 2370.5 2520.2 2676.9 2837.9 3003.8 3173.3 3351.1 3537.5
MI 468.4 504.6 585.0 627.1 669.9 717.5 770.2
10-225

10-226 X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels
Level 41Nb 42Mo 43Tc 44Ru 45Rh 46Pd 47Ag 48Cd

MII 378.4 409.7 444.9 482.8 521.0 559.1 602.4 650.7
MIII 363.0 392.3 425.0 460.6 496.2 531.5 571.4 616.5
Atomic
MIV 207.4 230.3 256.4 283.6 311.7 340.0 372.8 410.5

MV 204.6 227.0 252.9 279.4 307.0 334.7 366.7 403.7
NI 58.1 61.8 74.9 81.0 86.4 95.2 107.6
NII 33.9 34.8 38.9 43.1 47.9 51.1 62.6 66.9
NIII 33.9* 34.8* 38.9* 43.1* 47.9* 51.1* 55.9 66.9*
NIV,V 3.2 1.8 2.0 2.5 1.5 3.3 9.3
Level 49In 50Sn 51Sb 52Te 53I 54Xe 55Cs 56Ba

K 27939.9 29200.1 30491.2 31813.8 33169.4 34561.4 35984.6 37440.6
LI 4237.5 4464.7 4698.3 4939.2 5188.1 5452.8 5714.3 5988.8
LII 3938.0 4156.1 4380.4 4612.0 4852.1 5103.7 5359.4 5623.6
LIII 3730.1 3928.8 4132.2 4341.4 4557.1 4782.2 5011.9 5247.0
MI 825.6 883.8 943.7 1006.0 1072.1 1217.1 1292.8
MII 702.2 756.4 811.9 869.7 930.5 999.0 1065.0 1136.7
MIII 664.3 714.4 765.6 818.7 874.6 937.0 997.6 1062.2
MIV 450.8 493.3 536.9 582.5 631.3 739.5 796.1
MV 443.1 484.8 527.5 572.1 619.4 672.3 725.5 780.7
NI 121.9 136.5 152.0 168.3 186.4 230.8 253.0
NII 77.4 88.6 98.4 110.2 122.7 146.7 172.3 191.8
NIII 77.4* 88.6* 98.4* 110.2* 122.7* 146.7* 161.6 179.7
NIV 16.2 23.9 31.4 39.8 49.6 78.8 92.5
NV 16.2* 23.9* 31.4* 39.8* 49.6* 76.5 89.9
OI 0.1 0.9 6.7 11.6 13.6 22.7 39.1
OII 0.8 1.1 2.1 2.3 3.3 13.1 16.6
OIII 0.8* 1.1* 2.1* 2.3* 3.3* 11.4 14.6
Level 57La 58Ce 59Pr 60Nd 61Pm 62Sm 63Eu 64Gd

K 38924.6 40443.0 41990.6 43568.9 45184.0 46834.2 48519.0 50239.1
LI 6266.3 6548.8 6834.8 7126.0 7427.9 7736.8 8052.0 8375.6
LII 5890.6 6164.2 6440.4 6721.5 7012.8 7311.8 7617.1 7930.3
LIII 5482.7 5723.4 5964.3 6207.9 6459.3 6716.2 6976.9 7242.8
MI 1361.3 1434.6 1511.0 1575.3 1722.8 1800.0 1880.8
MII 1204.4 1272.8 1337.4 1402.8 1471.4 1540.7 1613.9 1688.3
MIII 1123.4 1185.4 1242.2 1297.4 1356.9 1419.8 1480.6 1544.0
MIV 848.5 901.3 951.1 999.9 1051.5 1106.0 1160.6 1217.2
MV 831.7 883.3 931.0 977.7 1026.9 1080.2 1130.9 1185.2
NI 270.4 289.6 304.5 315.2 345.7 360.2 375.8
NII 205.8 223.3 236.3 243.3 242 265.6 283.9 288.5
NIII 191.4 207.2 217.6 224.6 242* 247.4 256.6 270.9
NIV,V 98.9 110.0 113.2 117.5 120.4 129.0 133.2 140.5
NVI,VII 0.1 2.0 1.5 5.5 0.0 0.1
OI 32.3 37.8 37.4 37.5 37.4 31.8 36.1
OII,III 14.4 19.8 22.3 21.1 21.3 22.0 20.3
Level 65Tb 66Dy 67Ho 68Er 69Tm 70Yb 71Lu 72Hf

K 51995.7 53788.5 55617.7 57485.5 59389.6 61332.3 63313.8 65350.8
LI 8708.0 9045.8 9394.2 9751.3 10115.7 10486.4 10870.4 11270.7
LII 8251.6 8580.6 8917.8 9264.3 9616.9 9978.2 10348.6 10739.4
LIII 7514.0 7790.1 8071.1 8357.9 8648.0 8943.6 9244.1 9560.7
MI 1967.5 2046.8 2128.3 2206.5 2306.8 2398.1 2491.2 2600.9
MII 1767.7 1841.8 1922.8 2005.8 2089.8 2173.0 2263.5 2365.4
MIII 1611.3 1675.6 1741.2 1811.8 1884.5 1949.8 2023.6 2107.6
MIV 1275.0 1332.5 1391.5 1453.3 1514.6 1576.3 1639.4 1716.4
MV 1241.2 1294.9 1351.4 1409.3 1467.7 1527.8 1588.5 1661.7
NI 397.9 416.3 435.7 449.1 471.7 487.2 506.2 538.1
NII 310.2 331.8 343.5 366.2 385.9 396.7 410.1 437.0
NIII 385.0 292.9 306.6 320.0 336.6 343.5 359.3 380.4
NIV 147.0 154.2 161.0 176.7 179.6 198.1 204.8 223.8
NV 147.0* 154.2* 161.0* 167.6 179.6* 184.9 195.0 213.7

X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels 10-227
Level 65Tb 66Dy 67Ho 68Er 69Tm 70Yb 71Lu 72 Hf

NVI,VII 2.6 4.2 3.7 4.3 5.3 6.3 6.9 17.1
OI 39.0 62.9 51.2 59.8 53.2 54.1 56.8 64.9
Atomic
OII 25.4 26.3 20.3 29.4 32.3 23.4 28.0 38.1
OIII 25.4* 26.3* 20.3* 29.4* 32.3* 23.4* 28.0* 30.6
Level 73Ta 74W 75Re 76Os 77Ir 78Pt 79Au 80Hg

K 67416.4 69525.0 71676.4 73870.8 76111.0 78394.8 80724.9 83102.3
LI 11681.5 12099.8 12526.7 12968.0 13418.5 13879.9 14352.8 14839.3
LII 11136.1 11544.0 11958.7 12385.0 12824.1 13272.6 13733.6 14208.7
LIII 9881.1 10206.8 10535.3 10870.9 11215.2 11563.7 11918.7 12283.9
MI 2708.0 2819.6 2931.7 3048.5 3173.7 3296.0 3424.9 3561.6
MII 2468.7 2574.9 2681.6 2792.2 2908.7 3026.5 3147.8 3278.5
MIII 2194.0 2281.0 2367.3 2457.2 2550.7 2645.4 2743.0 2847.1
MIV 1793.2 1871.6 1948.9 2030.8 2116.1 2201.9 2291.1 2384.9
MV 1735.1 1809.2 1882.9 1960.1 2040.4 2121.6 2205.7 2294.9
NI 565.5 595.0 625.0 654.3 690.1 722.0 758.8 800.3
NII 464.8 491.6 517.9 546.5 577.1 609.2 643.7 676.9
NIII 404.5 425.3 444.4 468.2 494.3 519.0 545.4 571.0
NIV 241.3 258.8 273.7 289.4 311.4 330.8 352.0 378.3
NV 229.3 245.4 260.2 272.8 294.9 313.3 333.9 359.8
NVI 25.0 36.5 40.6 46.3 63.4 74.3 86.4 102.2
NVII 25.0* 33.6 40.6* 46.3* 60.5 71.1 82.8 98.5
OI 71.1 77.1 82.8 83.7 95.2 101.7 107.8 120.3
OII 44.9 46.8 45.6 58.0 63.0 65.3 71.7 80.5
OIII 36.4 35.6 34.6 45.4 50.5 51.7 53.7 57.6
OIV,V 5.7 6.1 3.5 3.8 2.2 2.5 6.4
Level 81Tl 82Pb 83Bi 84Po 85At 86Rn 87Fr 88Ra

K 85530.4 88004.5 90525.9 93105.0 95729.9 98404 101137 103921.9
LI 15346.7 15860.8 16387.5 16939.3 17493 18049 18639 19236.7
LII 14697.9 15200.0 15711.1 16244.3 16784.7 17337.1 17906.5 18484.3
LIII 12657.5 13035.2 13418.6 13813.8 14213.5 14619.4 15031.2 15444.4
MI 3704.1 3850.7 3999.1 4149.4 4317a 4482a 4652a 4822.0
MII 3415.7 3554.2 3696.3 3854.1 4008 4159 4327 4489.5
MIII 2956.6 3066.4 3176.9 3301.9 3426 3538 3663 3791.8
MIV 2485.1 2585.6 2687.6 2798.0 2908.7 3021.5 3136.2 3248.4
MV 2389.3 2484.0 2579.6 2683.0 2786.7 2892.4 2999.9 3104.9
NI 845.5 893.6 938.2 995.3 1042a 1097a 1153a 1208.4
NII 721.3 763.9 805.3 851 886 929 980 1057.6
NIII 609.0 644.5 678.9 705 740 768 810 879.1
NIV 406.6 435.2 463.6 500.2 533.2 566.6 603.3 635.9
NV 386.2 412.9 440.0 473.4 577 602.7
NVI 122.8 142.9 161.9 298.9
NVII 118.5 138.1 157.4 298.9*
OI 136.3 147.3 159.3 254.4
OII 99.6 104.8 116.8 200.4
OIII 75.4 86.0 92.8 152.8
OIV 15.3 21.8 26.5 31.4 67.2
OV 13.1 19.2 24.4 31.4* 67.2*
PI 3.1 43.5
PII,III 0.7 2.7 18.8
a Interpolated
Level 89Ac 90Th 91Pa 92U 93Np 94Pu 95Am 96Cm

K 106755.3 109650.9 112601.4 115606.1 118678 121818 125027 128220
LI 19840 20472.1 21104.6 21757.4 22426.8 23097.2 23772.9 24460
LII 19083.2 19693.2 20313.7 20947.6 21600.5 22266.2 22944.0 23779
LIII 15871.0 16300.3 16733.1 17166.3 17610.0 18056.8 18504.1 18930
MI 5002a 5182.3 5366.9 5548.0 5723.2 5932.9 6120.5 6288
MII 4656 4830.4 5000.9 5182.2 5366.2 5541.2 5710.2 5895
MIII 3909 4046.1 4173.8 4303.4 4434.7 4556.6 4667.0 4797

10-228 X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels
Level 89Ac 90Th 91Pa 92U 93Np 94Pu 95Am 96Cm

MIV 3370.2 3490.8 3611.2 3727.6 3850.3 3972.6 4092.1 4227
MV 3219.0 3332.0 3441.8 3551.7 3665.8 3778.1 3886.9 3971
Atomic
NI 1269a 1329.5 1387.1 1440.8 1500.7 1558.6 1617.1 1643

NII 1080 1168.2 1224.3 1272.6 1327.7 1372.1 1411.8 1440
NIII 890 967.3 1006.7 1044.9 1086.8 1114.8 1135.7a 1154
NIV 674.9 714.1 743.4 780.4 815.9 848.9 878.7
NV 676.4 708.2 737.7 770.3 801.4 827.6
NVI 344.4 371.2 391.3 415.0 445.8
NVII 335.2 359.5 380.9 404.4 432.4
OI 290.2 309.6 323.7 351.9 385
OII 229.4 222.9 259.3 283.4 274.1
OIII 181.8 222.9* 195.1 206.1 206.5
OIV 94.3 94.1 105.0 109.3 116.0 115.8
OV 87.9 94.1* 96.3 101.3 105.4 103.3
PI 59.5 70.7
PII 49.0 42.3
PIII 43.0 32.3
a Interpolavted
Level 97Bk 98Cf 99Es 100Fm 101Md 102No 103Lr

K 131590 135960 139490 143090 146780 150540 154380
LI 25275 26110 26900 27700 28530 29380 30240
LII 24385 25250 26020 26810 27610 28440 29280
LIII 19452 19930 20410 20900 21390 21880 22360
MI 6556 6754 6977 7205 7441 7675 7900
MII 6147 6359 6574 6793 7019 7245 7460
MIII 4977 5109 5252 5397 5546 5688 5710
MIV 4366 4497 4630 4766 4903 5037 5150
MV 4132 4253 4374 4498 4622 4741 4860
NI 1755 1799 1868 1937 2010 2078 2140
NII 1554 1616 1680 1747 1814 1876 1930
NIII 1235 1279 1321 1366 1410 1448 1480
OI 398 419 435 454 472 484 490

ELECTRON BINDING ENERGIES OF THE ELEMENTS
Gwyn P. Williams
Atomic
This table gives the binding energies in electron volts (eV) for References
selected electronic levels of the elements. For metallic elements the
binding energy is referred to the Fermi level; for semiconductors, 1. Fluggle, J. C., and Martensson, N., J. Elect. Spect., 21, 275, 1980.
to the valence band maximum; and for gases and insulators, to the 2. Cardona, M. and Ley, L., Photoemission from Solids, Springer-Ver-
vacuum level. The atomic number is listed after the element name. lag, Heidelberg, 1978.
3. Bearden, J. A. and Burr, A. F., Rev. Mod. Phys., 39, 125, 1967.
Binding Binding Binding Binding

Level Electron energy/eV Level Electron energy/eV Level Electron energy/eV Level Electron energy/eV
M II 3p1/2 1137a, d M II 3p1/2 189a
Actinium (89) Argon (18)
M III 3p3/2 1063a, d M III 3p3/2 182a
K 1s 106755 K 1s 3205.9a M IV 3d3/2 795.7a M IV 3d3/2 70a
LI 2s 19840 LI 2s 326.3a MV 3d5/2 780.5a MV 3d5/2 69a
L II 2p1/2 19083 L II 2p1/2 250.6a NI 4s 253.5b
L III 2p3/2 15871 L III 2p3/2 248.4a Cadmium (48)
N II 4p1/2 192
MI 3s 5002 MI 3s 29.3a N III 4p3/2 178.6b K 1s 26711
M II 3p1/2 4656 M II 3p1/2 15.9a N IV 4d3/2 92.6b LI 2s 4018
M III 3p3/2 3909 M III 3p3/2 15.7a NV 4d5/2 89.9b L II 2p1/2 3727
M IV 3d3/2 3370 N VI 4f5/2 L III 2p3/2 3538
Arsenic (33)
MV 3d5/2 3219 N VII 4f7/2 MI 3s 772.0b
NI 4s 1269a K 1s 11867 M II 3p1/2 652.6b
LI 2s 1527.0a, d OI 5s 30.3b
N II 4p1/2 1080a O II 5p1/2 17.0b M III 3p3/2 618.4b
N III 4p3/2 890a L II 2p1/2 1359.1a, d M IV 3d3/2 411.9b
L III 2p3/2 1323.6a, d O III 5p3/2 14.8b
N IV 4d3/2 675a MV 3d5/2 405.2b
NV 4d5/2 639a MI 3s 204.7a Beryllium (4) NI 4s 109.8b
N VI 4f5/2 319a M II 3p1/2 146.2a K 1s 111.5a N II 4p1/2 63.9b, c
N VII 4f7/2 319a M III 3p3/2 141.2a N III 4p3/2 63.9b, c
M IV 3d3/2 41.7a Bismuth (83)
OI 5s 272a N IV 4d3/2 11.7b
O II 5p1/2 215a MV 3d5/2 41.7a K 1s 90526 NV 4d5/2 10.7b
O III 5p3/2 167a LI 2s 16388
Astatine (85) Calcium (20)
O IV 5d3/2 80a L II 2p1/2 15711
K 1s 95730 L III 2p3/2 13419 K 1s 4038.5a
OV 5d5/2 80a LI 2s 17493
PI 6s MI 3s 3999 LI 2s 438.4b
L II 2p1/2 16785 M II 3p1/2 3696 L II 2p1/2 349.7b
P II 6p1/2 L III 2p3/2 14214
P III 6p3/2 M III 3p3/2 3177 L III 2p3/2 346.2b
MI 3s 4317 M IV 3d3/2 2688 MI 3s 44.3b
Aluminum (13) M II 3p1/2 4008 MV 3d5/2 2580 M II 3p1/2 25.4b
K 1s 1559.0 M III 3p3/2 3426 NI 4s 939b M III 3p3/2 25.4b
LI 2s 117.8a M IV 3d3/2 2909 N II 4p1/2 805.2b
MV 3d5/2 2787 Carbon (6)
L II 2p1/2 72.9a N III 4p3/2 678.8b
L III 2p3/2 72.5a NI 4s 1042a N IV 4d3/2 464.0b K 1s 284.2a
N II 4p1/2 886a NV 4d5/2 440.1b
Antimony (51) Cerium (58)
N III 4p3/2 740a N VI 4f5/2 162.3b
K 1s 30419 N IV 4d3/2 533a K 1s 40443
N VII 4f7/2 157.0b LI 2s 6548
LI 2s 4698 NV 4d5/2 507a OI 5s 159.3a, d
L II 2p1/2 4380 N VI 4f5/2 210a L II 2p1/2 6164
O II 5p1/2 119.0b L III 2p3/2 5723
L III 2p3/2 4132 N VII 4f7/2 210a O III 5p3/2 92.6b
MI 3s 946b OI 5s 195a MI 3s 1436a, d
O IV 5d3/2 26.9b M II 3p1/2 1274a, d
M II 3p1/2 812.7b O II 5p1/2 148a OV 5d5/2 23.8b
M III 3p3/2 766.4b O III 5p3/2 115a M III 3p3/2 1187a, d
M IV 3d3/2 537.5b O IV 5d3/2 40a Boron (5) M IV 3d3/2 902.4a
MV 3d5/2 528.2b OV 5d5/2 40a K 1s 188a MV 3d5/2 883.8a
NI 4s 153.2b NI 4s 291.0a
Barium (56) Bromine (35) N II 4p1/2 223.3
N II 4p1/2 95.6b, c
N III 4p3/2 95.6b K 1s 37441 K 1s 13474 N III 4p3/2 206.5a
N IV 4d3/2 33.3b LI 2s 5989 LI 2s 1782a N IV 4d3/2 109a
NV 4d5/2 32.1b L II 2p1/2 5624 L II 2p1/2 1596a NV 4d5/2
L III 2p3/2 5247 L III 2p3/2 1550a N VI 4f5/2 0.1
MI 3s 1293a, d MI 3s 257a N VII 4f7/2 0.1
10-229

10-230 Electron Binding Energies of the Elements

OI 5s 37.8 L III 2p3/2 7790 L II 2p1/2 1248.1a, d
Atomic
Francium (87)
O II 5p1/2 19.8a MI 3s 2047 L III 2p3/2 1217.0a, d
O III 5p3/2 17.0a M II 3p1/2 1842 K 1s 101137 MI 3s 180.1a
M III 3p3/2 1676 LI 2s 18639 M II 3p1/2 124.9a
Cesium (55) L II 2p1/2 17907
M IV 3d3/2 1333 M III 3p3/2 120.8a
K 1s 35985 MV 3d5/2 1292a L III 2p3/2 15031 M IV 3d3/2 29.8a
LI 2s 5714 NI 4s 414.2a MI 3s 4652 MV 3d5/2 29.2a
L II 2p1/2 5359 N II 4p1/2 333.5a M II 3p1/2 4327
L III 2p3/2 5012 M III 3p3/2 3663 Gold (79)
N III 4p3/2 293.2a
MI 3s 1211a, d N IV 4d3/2 153.6a M IV 3d3/2 3136 K 1s 80725
M II 3p1/2 1071a NV 4d5/2 153.6a MV 3d5/2 3000 LI 2s 14353
M III 3p3/2 1003a N VI 4f5/2 8.0a NI 4s 1153a L II 2p1/2 13734
M IV 3d3/2 740.5a N VII 4f7/2 4.3a N II 4p1/2 980a L III 2p3/2 11919
MV 3d5/2 726.6a OI 5s 49.9a N III 4p3/2 810a MI 3s 3425
NI 4s 232.3a O II 5p1/2 26.3 N IV 4d3/2 603a M II 3p1/2 3148
N II 4p1/2 172.4a O III 5p3/2 26.3 NV 4d5/2 577a M III 3p3/2 2743
N III 4p3/2 161.3a N VI 4f5/2 268a M IV 3d3/2 2291
N IV 4d3/2 79.8a Erbium (68) N VII 4f7/2 268a MV 3d5/2 2206
NV 4d5/2 77.5a K 1s 57486 OI 5s 234a NI 4s 762.1b
N VI 4f5/2 LI 2s 9751 O II 5p1/2 182a N II 4p1/2 642.7b
N VII 4f7/2 L II 2p1/2 9264 O III 5p3/2 140a N III 4p3/2 546.3b
OI 5s 22.7 L III 2p3/2 8358 O IV 5d3/2 58a N IV 4d3/2 353.2b
O II 5p1/2 14.2a MI 3s 2206 OV 5d5/2 58a NV 4d5/2 335.1b
O III 5p3/2 12.1a M II 3p1/2 2006 PI 6s 34 N VI 4f5/2 87.6b
M III 3p3/2 1812 P II 6p1/2 15 N VII 4f7/2 83.9b
Chlorine (17)
M IV 3d3/2 1453 P III 6p3/2 15 OI 5s 107.2a, d
K 1s 2822.0 MV 3d5/2 1409 O II 5p1/2 74.2b
LI 2s 270a Gadolinium (64)
NI 4s 449.8a O III 5p3/2 57.2b
L II 2p1/2 202a N II 4p1/2 366.2 K 1s 50239
L III 2p3/2 200a LI 2s 8376 Hafnium (72)
N III 4p3/2 320.2a
N IV 4d3/2 167.6a L II 2p1/2 7930 K 1s 65351
Chromium (24)
NV 4d5/2 167.6a L III 2p3/2 7243 LI 2s 11271
K 1s 5989 MI 3s 1881 L II 2p1/2 10739
LI 2s 696.0b N VI 4f5/2
N VII 4f7/2 4.7a M II 3p1/2 1688 L III 2p3/2 9561
L II 2p1/2 583.8b M III 3p3/2 1544 MI 3s 2601
L III 2p3/2 574.1b OI 5s 50.6a
O II 5p1/2 31.4a M IV 3d3/2 1221.9a M II 3p1/2 2365
MI 3s 74.1b MV 3d5/2 1189.6a M III 3p3/2 2107
M II 3p1/2 42.2b O III 5p3/2 24.7a
NI 4s 378.6a M IV 3d3/2 1176
M III 3p3/2 42.2b Europium (63) N II 4p1/2 286 MV 3d5/2 1662
Cobalt (27) K 1s 48519 N III 4p3/2 271 NI 4s 538a
K 1s 7709 LI 2s 8052 N IV 4d3/2 N II 4p1/2 438.2b
LI 2s 925.1b L II 2p1/2 7617 NV 4d5/2 142.6a N III 4p3/2 380.7b
L II 2p1/2 793.2b L III 2p3/2 6977 N VI 4f5/2 8.6a N IV 4d3/2 220.0b
L III 2p3/2 778.1b MI 3s 1800 N VII 4f7/2 8.6a NV 4d5/2 211.5b
MI 3s 101.0b M II 3p1/2 1614 OI 5s 36 N VI 4f5/2 15.9b
M II 3p1/2 58.9b M III 3p3/2 1481 O II 5p1/2 20 N VII 4f7/2 14.2b
M III 3p3/2 58.9b M IV 3d3/2 1158.6a O III 5p3/2 20 OI 5s 64.2b
MV 3d5/2 1127.5a O II 5p1/2 38a
Copper (29) Gallium (31)
NI 4s 360 O III 5p3/2 29.9b
K 1s 8979 N II 4p1/2 284 K 1s 10367
LI 2s 1299.0a, d Helium (2)
LI 2s 1096.7b N III 4p3/2 257
L II 2p1/2 952.3b N IV 4d3/2 133 L II 2p1/2 1143.2b K 1s 24.6a
L III 2p3/2 932.5b NV 4d5/2 1227a L III 2p3/2 1116.4b
Holmium (67)
MI 3s 122.5b N VI 4f5/2 0 MI 3s 159.5b
M II 3p1/2 103.5b K 1s 55618
M II 3p1/2 77.3b N VII 4f7/2 0 LI 2s 9394
M III 3p3/2 75.1b OI 5s 32 M III 3p3/2 100.0b
M IV 3d3/2 18.7b L II 2p1/2 8918
O II 5p1/2 22 L III 2p3/2 8071
Dysprosium (66) MV 3d5/2 18.7b
O III 5p3/2 22 MI 3s 2128
K 1s 53789
Fluorine (9) Germanium (32) M II 3p1/2 1923
LI 2s 9046
L II 2p1/2 8581 K 1s 696.7a K 1s 11103 M III 3p3/2 1741
LI 2s 1414.6a, d M IV 3d3/2 1392

Electron Binding Energies of the Elements 10-231

MV 3d5/2 1351 N VI 4f5/2 63.8b N III 4p3/2 643.5b N III 4p3/2 576.6b
Atomic
NI 4s 432.4a N VII 4f7/2 60.8b N IV 4d3/2 434.3b N IV 4d3/2 378.2b
N II 4p1/2 343.5 OI 52 95.2a, d NV 4d5/2 412.2b NV 4d5/2 358.8b
N III 4p3/2 308.2a O II 5p1/2 63.0a, d N VI 4f5/2 141.7b N VI 4f5/2 104.0b
N IV 4d3/2 160a O III 5p3/2 48.0b N VII 4f7/2 136.9b N VII 4f7/2 99.9b
NV 4d5/2 160a OI 5s 147a, d OI 5s 127b
Iron (26)
N VI 4f5/2 8.6a O II 5p1/2 106.4b O II 5p3/2 83.1b
N VII 4f7/2 5.2a K 1s 7112 O III 5p3/2 83.3b O III 5p3/2 64.5b
OI 5s 49.3a LI 2s 844.6b O IV 5d3/2 20.7b O IV 5d3/2 9.6b
O II 5p1/2 30.8a L II 2p1/2 719.9b OV 5d5/2 18.1b OV 5d5/2 7.8b
O III 5p3/2 24.1a L III 2p3/2 706.8b
MI 3s 91.3b Lithium (3) Molybdenum (42)
Hydrogen (1) M II 3p1/2 52.7b K 1s 54.7a K 1s 20000
K 1s 13.6 M III 3p3/2 52.7b LI 2s 2866
Lutetium (71)
L II 2p1/2 2625
Indium (49) Krypton (36) K 1s 63314 L III 2p3/2 2520
K 1s 27940 K 1s 14326 LI 2s 10870 MI 3s 506.3b
LI 2s 4238 LI 2s 1921 L II 2p1/2 10349 M II 3p1/2 411.6b
L II 2p1/2 3938 L II 2p1/2 1730.9a L III 2p3/2 9244 M III 3p3/2 394.0b
L III 2p3/2 3730 L III 2p3/2 1678.4a MI 3s 2491 M IV 3d3/2 231.1b
MI 3s 827.2b MI 3s 292.8a M II 3p1/2 2264 MV 3d5/2 227.9b
M II 3p1/2 703.2b M II 3p1/2 222.2a M III 3p3/2 2024 NI 4s 63.2b
M III 3p3/2 665.3b M III 3p3/2 214.4a M IV 3d3/2 1639 N II 4p1/2 37.6b
M IV 3d3/2 451.4b M IV 3d3/2 95.0a MV 3d5/2 1589 N III 4p3/2 35.5b
MV 3d5/2 443.9b MV 3d5/2 93.8a NI 4s 506.8a
NI 4s 122.9b NI 4s 27.5a N II 4p1/2 412.4a Neodymium (60)
N II 4p1/2 73.5b, c N II 4p1/2 14.1a N III 4p3/2 359.2a K 1s 43569
N III 4p3/2 73.5b, c N III 4p3/2 14.1a N IV 4d3/2 206.1a LI 2s 7126
N IV 4d3/2 17.7b NV 4d5/2 196.3a L II 2p1/2 6722
Lanthanum (57)
NV 4d5/2 16.9b N VI 4f5/2 8.9a L III 2p3/2 6208
K 1s 38925 N VII 4f7/2 7.5a MI 3s 1575
Iodine (53) LI 2s 6266 OI 5s 57.3a M II 3p1/2 1403
K 1s 33169 L II 2p1/2 5891 O II 5p1/2 33.6a M III 3p3/2 1297
LI 2s 5188 L III 2p3/2 5483 O III 5p3/2 26.7a M IV 3d3/2 1003.3a
L II 2p1/2 4852 MI 3s 1362a, d MV 3d5/2 980.4a
L III 2p3/2 4557 M II 3p1/2 1209a, d Magnesium (12)
NI 4s 319.2a
MI 3s 1072a M III 3p3/2 1128a, d K 1s 1303.0b N II 4p1/2 243.3
M II 3p1/2 931a M IV 3d3/2 853a LI 2s 88.6a N III 4p3/2 224.6
M III 3p3/2 875a MV 3d5/2 836a L II 2p1/2 49.6b N IV 4d3/2 120.5a
M IV 3d3/2 631a NI 4s 247.7a L III 2p3/2 49.2a NV 4d5/2 120.5a
MV 3d5/2 620a N II 4p1/2 205.8 N VI 4f5/2 1.5
Manganese (25)
NI 4s 186a N III 4p3/2 196.0a N VII 4f7/2 1.5
N II 4p1/2 123a N IV 4d3/2 105.3a K 1s 6539
LI 2s 769.1b OI 5s 37.5
N III 4p3/2 123a NV 4d5/2 102.5a O II 5p1/2 21.1
N IV 4d3/2 50a N VI 4f5/2 L II 2p1/2 649.9b
L III 2p3/2 638.7b O III 5p3/2 21.1
NV 4d5/2 50a N VII 4f7/2
OI 5s 34.3a MI 3s 82.3b Neon (10)
Iridium (77) M II 3p1/2 47.2b
O II 5p1/2 19.3a K 1s 870.2a
K 1s 76111 O III 5p3/2 16.8a M III 3p3/2 47.2b LI 2s 48.5a
LI 2s 13419 L II 2p1/2 21.7a
Lead (82) Mercury (80)
L II 2p1/2 12824 L III 2p3/2 21.6a
L III 2p3/2 11215 K 1s 88005 K 1s 83102
MI 3s 3174 LI 2s 15861 LI 2s 14839 Nickel (28)
M II 3p1/2 2909 L II 2p1/2 15200 L II 2p1/2 14209 K 1s 8333
M III 3p3/2 2551 L III 2p3/2 13055 L III 2p3/2 12284 LI 2s 1008.6b
M IV 3d3/2 2116 MI 3s 3851 MI 3s 3562 L II 2p1/2 870.0b
MV 3d5/2 2040 M II 3p1/2 3554 M II 3p1/2 3279 L III 2p3/2 852.7b
NI 4s 691.1b M III 3p3/2 3066 M III 3p3/2 2847 MI 3s 110.8b
N II 4p1/2 577.8b M IV 3d3/2 2586 M IV 3d3/2 2385 M II 3p1/2 68.0b
N III 4p3/2 495.8b MV 3d5/2 2484 MV 3d5/2 2295 M III 3p3/2 66.2b
N IV 4d3/2 311.9b NI 4s 891.8b NI 4s 802.2b
NV 4d5/2 296.3b N II 4p1/2 761.9b N II 4p1/2 680.2b


M IV 3d3/2 948.3a M III 3p3/2 3792
Atomic
Niobium (41) Platinum (78)

MV 3d5/2 928.8a M IV 3d3/2 3248
K 1s 18986 K 1s 78395 NI 4s 304.5 MV 3d5/2 3105
LI 2s 2698 LI 2s 13880 N II 4p1/2 236.3 NI 4s 1208a
L II 2p1/2 2465 L II 2p1/2 13273 N III 4p3/2 217.6 N II 4p1/2 1058
L III 2p3/2 2371 L III 2p3/2 11564 N IV 4d3/2 115.1a N III 4p3/2 879a
MI 3s 466.6b MI 3s 3296 NV 4d5/2 115.1a N IV 4d3/2 636a
M II 3p1/2 376.1b M II 3p1/2 3027 N VI 4f5/2 2.0 NV 4d5/2 603a
M III 3p3/2 360.6b M III 3p3/2 2645 N VII 4f7/2 2.0 N VI 4f5/2 299a
M IV 3d3/2 205.0b M IV 3d3/2 2202 OI 5s 37.4 N VII 4f7/2 299a
MV 3d5/2 202.3b MV 3d5/2 2122 O II 5p1/2 22.3 OI 5s 254a
NI 4s 56.4b NI 4s 725.4b O III 5p3/2 22.3 O II 5p1/2 200a
N II 4p1/2 32.6b N II 4p1/2 609.1b O III 5p3/2 153a
N III 4p3/2 30.8b N III 4p3/2 519.4b Promethium (61)
O IV 5d3/2 68a
N IV 4d3/2 331.6b K 1s 45184 OV 5d5/2 68a
Nitrogen (7)
NV 4d5/2 314.6b LI 2s 7428 PI 6s 44
K 1s 409.9a N VI 4f5/2 74.5b L II 2p1/2 7013
LI 2s 37.3a P II 6p1/2 19
N VII 4f7/2 71.2b L III 2p3/2 6459 P III 6p3/2 19
Osmium (76) OI 5s 101.7a, d MI 3s
O II 5p1/2 65.3a, b M II 3p1/2 1471.4 Radon (86)
K 1s 73871
LI 2s 12968 O III 5p3/2 51.7b M III 3p3/2 1357 K 1s 98404
L II 2p1/2 12385 M IV 3d3/2 1052 LI 2s 18049
Polonium (84)
L III 2p3/2 10871 MV 3d5/2 1027 L II 2p1/2 17337
K 1s 93105 NI 4s L III 2p3/2 14619
MI 3s 3049 LI 2s 16939
M II 3p1/2 2792 N II 4p1/2 242 MI 3s 4482
L II 2p1/2 16244 N III 4p3/2 242 M II 3p1/2 4159
M III 3p3/2 2457 L III 2p3/2 13814
M IV 3d3/2 2031 N IV 4d3/2 120 M III 3p3/2 3538
MI 3s 4149 NV 4d5/2 120 M IV 3d3/2 3022
MV 3d5/2 1960 M II 3p1/2 3854
NI 4s 658.2b MV 3d5/2 2892
M III 3p3/2 3302 Protactinium (91)
N II 4p1/2 549.1b NI 4s 1097a
M IV 3d3/2 2798 K 1s 112601 N II 4p1/2 929a
N III 4p3/2 470.7b MV 3d5/2 2683 LI 2s 21105
N IV 4d3/2 293.1b N III 4p3/2 768a
NI 4s 995a L II 2p1/2 20314 N IV 4d3/2 567a
NV 4d5/2 278.5b N II 4p1/2 851a L III 2p3/2 16733
N VI 4f5/2 53.4b NV 4d5/2 541a
N III 4p3/2 705a MI 3s 5367 N VI 4f5/2 238a
N VII 4f7/2 50.7b N IV 4d3/2 500a M II 3p1/2 5001
OI 5s 84a N VII 4f7/2 238a
NV 4d5/2 473a M III 3p3/2 4174 OI 5s 214a
O II 5p1/2 58a N VI 4f5/2 184a M IV 3d3/2 3611
O III 5p3/2 44.5b O II 5p1/2 164a
N VII 4f7/2 184a MV 3d5/2 3442 O III 5p3/2 127a
Oxygen (8) OI 5s 177a NI 4s 1387a O IV 5d3/2 48a
K 1s 543.1a O II 5p1/2 132a N II 4p1/2 1224a OV 5d5/2 48a
LI 2s 41.6a O III 5p3/2 104a N III 4p3/2 1007a PI 6s 26
O IV 5d3/2 31a N IV 4d3/2 743a
Palladium (46) OV 5d5/2 31a NV 4d5/2 708a Rhenium (75)
K 1s 24350 N VI 4f5/2 371a K 1s 71676
Potassium (19)
LI 2s 3604 N VII 4f7/2 360a LI 2s 12527
L II 2p1/2 3330 K 1s 3608.4a OI 5s 310a L II 2p1/2 11959
L III 2p3/2 3173 LI 2s 378.6a O II 5p1/2 232a L III 2p3/2 10535
MI 3s 671.6b L II 2p1/2 297.3a O III 5p3/2 232a MI 3s 2932
M II 3p1/2 559.9b L III 2p3/2 294.6a O IV 5d3/2 94a M II 3p1/2 2682
M III 3p3/2 532.3b MI 3s 34.8a OV 5d5/2 94a M III 3p3/2 2367
M IV 3d3/2 340.5b M II 3p1/2 18.3a PI 6s M IV 3d3/2 1949
MV 3d5/2 335.2b M III 3p3/2 18.3a P II 6p1/2 MV 3d5/2 1883
NI 4s 87.1a, d Praseodymium (59) P III 6p3/2 NI 4s 625.4b
N II 4p1/2 55.7b, c K 1s 41991 N II 4p1/2 518.7b
Radium (88)
N III 4p3/2 50.9b, c LI 2s 6835 N III 4p3/2 446.8b
K 1s 103922 N IV 4d3/2 273.9b
Phosphorus (15) L II 2p1/2 6440 LI 2s 19237
L III 2p3/2 5964 NV 4d5/2 260.5b
K 1s 2145.5 L II 2p1/2 18484
MI 3s 1511 N VI 4f5/2 42.9a
LI 2s 189a L III 2p3/2 15444
M II 3p1/2 1337 N VII 4f7/2 40.5a
L II 2p1/2 136a MI 3s 4822
M III 3p3/2 1242 OI 5s 83b
L III 2p3/2 135a M II 3p1/2 4490

Electron Binding Energies of the Elements 10-233

O II 5p1/2 45.6b OI 5s 37.4 L III 2p3/2 7514
Atomic
Sulfur (16)
O III 5p3/2 34.6a, d O II 5p1/2 21.3 MI 3s 1968
O III 5p3/2 21.3 K 1s 2472 M II 3p1/2 1768
Rhodium (45) LI 2s 230.9a, d M III 3p3/2 1611
K 1s 23220 Scandium (21) L II 2p1/2 163.6a M IV 3d3/2 1267.9a
LI 2s 3412 K 1s 4492 L III 2p3/2 162.5a MV 3d5/2 1241.1a
L II 2p1/2 3146 LI 2s 498.0a NI 4s 396.0a
Tantalum (73)
L III 2p3/2 3004 L II 2p1/2 403.6a N II 4p1/2 322.4a
MI 3s 628.1b L III 2p3/2 389.7a K 1s 67416
LI 2s 11682 N III 4p3/2 284.1a
M II 3p1/2 521.3b MI 3s 51.1a N IV 4d3/2 150.5a
M III 3p3/2 496.5b M II 3p1/2 28.3a L II 2p1/2 11136
L III 2p3/2 9881 NV 4d5/2 150.5a
M IV 3d3/2 311.9b M III 3p3/2 28.3a N VI 4f5/2 7.7a
MV 3d5/2 307.2b MI 3s 2708
Selenium (34) M II 3p1/2 2469 N VII 4f7/2 2.4a
NI 4s 81.4a, d OI 5s 45.6a
N II 4p1/2 50.5b K 1s 12658 M III 3p3/2 2194
LI 2s 1652.0a, d M IV 3d3/2 1793 O II 5p1/2 28.7a
N III 4p3/2 47.3b O III 5p3/2 22.6a
L II 2p1/2 1474.3a, d MV 3d5/2 1735
Rubidium (37) L III 2p3/2 1433.9a, d NI 4s 563.4b Thallium (81)
K 1s 15200 MI 3s 229.6a N II 4p1/2 463.4b K 1s 85530
LI 2s 2065 M II 3p1/2 166.5a N III 4p3/2 400.9b LI 2s 15347
L II 2p1/2 1864 M III 3p3/2 160.7a N IV 4d3/2 237.9b L II 2p1/2 14698
L III 2p3/2 1804 M IV 3d3/2 55.5a NV 4d5/2 226.4b L III 2p3/2 12658
MI 3s 326.7a MV 3d5/2 54.6a N VI 4f5/2 23.5b MI 3s 3704
M II 3p1/2 248.7a N VII 4f7/2 21.6b M II 3p1/2 3416
Silicon (14)
M III 3p3/2 239.1a OI 5s 69.7b M III 3p3/2 2957
M IV 3d3/2 113.0a K 1s 1839 O II 5p1/2 42.2a
LI 2s 149.7a, d M IV 3d3/2 2485
MV 3d5/2 112a O III 5p3/2 32.7b MV 3d5/2 2389
NI 4s 30.5a L II 2p1/2 99.8a
L III 2p3/2 99.2a Technetium (43) NI 4s 846.2b
N II 4p1/2 16.3a N II 4p1/2 720.5b
N III 4p3/2 15.3a K 1s 21044
Silver (47) N III 4p3/2 609.5b
LI 2s 3043
Ruthenium (44) K 1s 25514 L II 2p1/2 2793 N IV 4d3/2 405.7b
K 1s 22117 LI 2s 3806 L III 2p3/2 2677 NV 4d5/2 385.0b
LI 2s 3224 L II 2p1/2 3524 MI 3s 586.1a N VI 4f5/2 122.2b
L II 2p1/2 2967 L III 2p3/2 3351 M II 3p1/2 447.6a N VII 4f7/2 117.8b
L III 2p3/2 2838 MI 3s 719.0b M III 3p3/2 417.7a OI 5s 136a, d
MI 3s 586.2b M II 3p1/2 603.8b M IV 3d3/2 257.6a O II 5p1/2 94.6b
M II 3p1/2 483.3b M III 3p3/2 573.0b MV 3d5/2 253.9a O III 5p3/2 73.5b
M III 3p3/2 461.5b M IV 3d3/2 374.0b NI 4s 69.5a O IV 5d3/2 14.7b
M IV 3d3/2 284.2b MV 3d5/2 368.0b N II 4p1/2 42.3a OV 5d5/2 12.5b
MV 3d5/2 280.0b NI 4s 97.0b N III 4p3/2 39.9a Thorium (90)
NI 4s 75.0b N II 4p1/2 63.7b
N III 4p3/2 58.3b Tellurium (52) K 1s 109651
N II 4p1/2 46.5b LI 2s 20472
N III 4p3/2 43.2b K 1s 31814
Sodium (11) L II 2p1/2 19693
LI 2s 4939
Samarium (62) K 1s 1070.8b L II 2p1/2 4612 L III 2p3/2 16300
K 1s 46834 LI 2s 63.5b L III 2p3/2 4341 MI 3s 5182
LI 2s 7737 L II 2p1/2 30.4b MI 3s 1006b M II 3p1/2 4830
L II 2p1/2 7312 L III 2p3/2 30.5a M II 3p1/2 870.8b M III 3p3/2 4046
L III 2p3/2 6716 M III 3p3/2 820.0b M IV 3d3/2 3491
Strontium (38)
MI 3s 1723 M IV 3d3/2 583.4b MV 3d5/2 3332
K 1s 16105
M II 3p1/2 1541 MV 3d5/2 573.0b NI 4s 1330a
LI 2s 2216
M III 3p3/2 1419.8 NI 4s 169.4b N II 4p1/2 1168a
L II 2p1/2 2007
M IV 3d3/2 1110.9a N II 4p1/2 103.3b, c N III 4p3/2 966.4b
L III 2p3/2 1940
MV 3d5/2 1083.4a N III 4p3/2 103.3b, c N IV 4d3/2 712.1b
MI 3s 358.7b
NI 4s 347.2a N IV 4d3/2 41.9b NV 4d5/2 675.2b
M II 3p1/2 280.3b
N II 4p1/2 265.6 NV 4d5/2 40.4b N VI 4f5/2 342.4b
M III 3p3/2 270.0b
N III 4p3/2 247.4 N VII 4f7/2 333.1b
M IV 3d3/2 136.0b Terbium (65)
N IV 4d3/2 129.0 OI 5s 290a, c
MV 3d5/2 134.2b K 1s 51996
NV 4d5/2 129.0 O II 5p1/2 229a, c
NI 4s 38.9b LI 2s 8708
N VI 4f5/2 5.2 O III 5p3/2 182a, c
N II 4p1/2 21.6b L II 2p1/2 8252
N VII 4f7/2 5.2 O IV 5d3/2 92.5b
N III 4p3/2 20.1b


OV 5d5/2 85.4b M III 3p3/2 32.6b O II 5p1/2 30.3a
Atomic
Vanadium (23)
PI 6s 41.4b O III 5p3/2 24.1a
Tungsten (74) K 1s 5465
P II 6p1/2 24.5b
K 1s 69525 LI 2s 626.7b Yttrium (39)
P III 6p3/2 16.6b
LI 2s 12100 L II 2p1/2 519.8b K 1s 17038
Thulium (69) L II 2p1/2 11544 L III 2p3/2 521.1b LI 2s 2373
K 1s 59390 L III 2p3/2 10207 MI 3s 66.3b L II 2p1/2 2156
LI 2s 10116 MI 3s 2820 M II 3p1/2 37.2b L III 2p3/2 2080
L II 2p1/2 9617 M II 3p1/2 2575 M III 3p3/2 37.2b MI 3s 392.0a, d
L III 2p3/2 8648 M III 3p3/2 2281 M II 3p1/2 310.6a
Xenon (54)
MI 3s 2307 M IV 3d3/2 1949 M III 3p3/2 298.8a
M II 3p1/2 2090 MV 3d5/2 1809 K 1s 34561 M IV 3d3/2 157.7b
M III 3p3/2 1885 NI 4s 594.1b LI 2s 5453 MV 3d5/2 155.8b
M IV 3d3/2 1515 N II 4p1/2 490.4b L II 2p1/2 5107 NI 4s 43.8a
MV 3d5/2 1468 N III 4p3/2 423.6b L III 2p3/2 4786 N II 4p1/2 24.4a
NI 4s 470.9a N IV 4d3/2 255.9b MI 3s 1148.7a N III 4p3/2 23.1a
N II 4p1/2 385.9a NV 4d5/2 243.5b M II 3p1/2 1002.1a
M III 3p3/2 940.6a Zinc (30)
N III 4p3/2 332.6a N VI 4f5/2 33.6a
N IV 4d3/2 175.5a N VII 4f7/2 31.4b M IV 3d3/2 689.0a K 1s 9659
NV 4d5/2 175.5a OI 5s 75.6b MV 3d5/2 676.4a LI 2s 1196.2a
N VI 4f5/2 O II 5p1/2 453a, d NI 4s 213.2a L II 2p1/2 1044.9a
N VII 4f7/2 4.6 O III 5p3/2 36.8b N II 4p1/2 146.7 L III 2p3/2 1021.8a
OI 5s 54.7a N III 4p3/2 145.5a MI 3s 139.8a
Uranium (92) N IV 4d3/2 69.5a M II 3p1/2 91.4a
O II 5p1/2 31.8a
O III 5p3/2 25.0a K 1s 115606 NV 4d5/2 67.5a M III 3p3/2 88.6a
LI 2s 21757 N VI 4f5/2 M IV 3d3/2 10.2a
Tin (50) L II 2p1/2 20948 N VII 4f7/2 MV 3d5/2 10.1a
K 1s 29200 L III 2p3/2 17166 OI 5s 23.3a
Zirconium (40)
LI 2s 4465 MI 3s 5548 O II 5p1/2 13.4a
L II 2p1/2 4156 M II 3p1/2 5182 O III 5p3/2 12.1a K 1s 17998
L III 2p3/2 3929 M III 3p3/2 4303 LI 2s 2532
Ytterbium (70) L II 2p1/2 2307
MI 3s 884.7b M IV 3d3/2 3728
M II 3p1/2 756.5b MV 3d5/2 3552 K 1s 61332 L III 2p3/2 2223
M III 3p3/2 714.6b NI 4s 1439a, d LI 2s 10486 MI 3s 430.3b
M IV 3d3/2 493.2b N II 4p1/2 1271a, d L II 2p1/2 9978 M II 3p1/2 343.5b
MV 3d5/2 484.9b N III 4p3/2 1043b L III 2p3/2 8944 M III 3p3/2 329.8b
NI 4s 137.1b N IV 4d3/2 778.3b MI 3s 2398 M IV 3d3/2 181.1b
N II 4p1/2 83.6b, c NV 4d5/2 736.2b M II 3p1/2 2173 MV 3d5/2 178.8b
N III 4p3/2 83.6b, c N VI 4f5/2 388.2a M III 3p3/2 1950 NI 4s 50.6b
N IV 4d3/2 24.9b N VII 4f7/2 377.4b M IV 3d3/2 1576 N II 4p1/2 28.5b
NV 4d5/2 23.9b OI 5s 321a, c, d MV 3d5/2 1528 N III 4p3/2 27.1b
O II 5p1/2 257a, c, d NI 4s 480.5a a Reference 1.
Titanium (22) N II 4p1/2 388.7a
b Reference 2 (remaining values from
O III 5p3/2 192a, c, d Reference 3).
K 1s 4966 O IV 5d3/2 102.8b N III 4p3/2 339.7a c One-particle approximation not
LI 2s 560.9b OV 5d5/2 94.2b N IV 4d3/2 191.2a valid.
L II 2p1/2 460.2b NV 4d5/2 182.4a
d Derived using energy differences
PI 6s 43.9b from Reference 3.
L III 2p3/2 453.8b P II 6p1/2 26.8b N VI 4f5/2 2.5a
MI 3s 58.7b P III 6p3/2 16.8b N VII 4f7/2 1.3a
M II 3p1/2 32.6b OI 5s 52.0a

NATURAL WIDTH OF X-RAY LINES
Atomic
Natural Widths of K X-ray Lines in eV Natural Widths of L X-ray Lines in eV
Element Kα1 Kα2 Kβ1 Kβ3 Element Lα1 Lα2 Lβ1 Lβ2 Lβ3 Lβ4 Lγ1
Ca 1.00 0.98 Zr 1.68 1.52 1.87 5.13 5.50 5.60 3.34
Ti 1.45 2.13 Mo 1.86 1.80 2.03 5.30 5.90 5.78 3.76
Cr 2.05 2.64 Ru 2.03 1.98 2.18 5.45 6.35 5.96 4.15
Fe 2.45 3.20 Pd 2.21 2.16 2.36 5.63 6.80 6.18 4.50
Ni 3.00 3.70 Gd 2.43 2.40 2.54 5.82 7.23 6.28 4.83
Zn 3.40 3.96 Sn 2.62 2.62 2.75 6.10 7.70 6.60 5.23
Ge 3.75 4.18 Tc 2.88 2.88 2.96 6.25 8.22 6.82 5.60
Se 4.10 4.43 Xe 3.15 3.15 3.20 6.43 8.70 7.15 5.95
Kr 4.23 4.62 Ba 3.39 3.45 3.45 6.70 9.20 7.42 6.35
Sr 5.17 4.97 Ce 3.70 3.78 3.73 6.86 9.70 7.82 6.75
Zr 5.70 5.25 Nd 3.93 4.08 4.00 7.18 10.30 8.15 7.16
Mo 6.82 6.80 Sm 4.13 4.50 4.33 7.42 10.80 8.60 7.50
Ru 7.41 7.96 Cd 4.46 4.90 4.63 7.70 11.20 9.08 7.83
Pd 8.80 9.20 Dy 4.81 5.35 5.03 7.90 11.50 9.60 8.30
Cd 9.80 10.40 Er 5.17 5.73 5.45 8.28 11.85 10.03 8.75
Sn 11.20 12.40 11.80 11.00 Yb 5.40 6.22 5.90 8.58 12.20 11.00 9.20
Te 12.80 14.20 13.30 13.10 Hf 5.83 6.70 6.36 8.92 12.40 12.80 9.63
Xe 14.20 15.10 15.30 14.50 W 6.50 7.20 6.90 9.06 13.10 14.60 10.20
Ba 16.10 16.80 18.15 16.70 Os 7.04 7.70 7.42 9.60 14.60 16.50 10.65
Ce 18.60 19.50 20.60 18.60 Pt 7.60 8.28 8.00 9.95 16.10 18.00 11.20
Nd 21.50 21.50 23.25 21.33 Hg 8.10 8.80 8.70 10.40 17.40 19.70 11.80
Sm 26.00 24.70 25.65 24.65 Pb 8.82 9.35 9.35 10.75 18.65 21.30 12.30
Gd 29.50 28.00 29.37 28.00 Po 9.50 9.95 10.10 11.25 19.90 22.70 13.05
Dy 33.90 32.20 32.73 32.00 Rn 10.03 10.50 10.65 11.65 21.00 24.00 13.55
Er 35.00 35.50 36.20 35.70 Ra 11.00 11.20 11.60 12.20 22.00 25.20 14.30
Yb 38.80 40.60 41.43 41.15 Th 11.90 11.80 12.40 12.80 22.85 26.35 15.00
Hf 42.70 44.30 46.00 46.10 U 12.40 12.40 13.50 13.30 23.70 27.50 15.70
W 46.80 48.00 51.83 51.50 Pu 13.20 13.00 14.10 13.90 24.10 28.30 16.40
Os 49.00 49.40 55.90 55.95 Cm 14.80 13.60 15.70 14.60 25.00 29.40 17.10
Pt 54.10 54.30 59.98 62.13 From Salem, S. I. and Lee, P. L., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 18, 233,
Hg 64.75 68.20 65.75 68.95 1976.
Pb 67.10 72.30 72.20 73.80
Po 73.20 75.10 78.60 80.10
Rn 80.00 81.50 85.50 86.50
Ra 87.00 88.20 94.20 95.50
Th 94.70 95.00 99.70 101.00
U 103.00 104.30 105.00 107.30
From Salem, S. I. and Lee, P. L., At. Data
Nucl. Data Tables, 18, 233, 1976.
10-235

PHOTON ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS
Martin J. Berger and John H. Hubbell
Atomic
This table gives mass attenuation coefficients for photons for The attenuation coefficients were calculated with the computer
elements of Z = 1 to 100 at energies between 1 keV (soft x-rays) program XCOM (References 1,3), which uses a cross-section data-
and 1 GeV (hard gamma rays). The mass attenuation coefficient µ base compiled at the Photon and Charged Particle Data Center at
describes the attenuation of radiation as it passes through matter the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Their accu-
by the relation racy has been confirmed at all energies by extensive comparisons
with experimental attenuation coefficients. Such comparisons for
I(x)/Io = e–μρx X-ray energies up to 100 keV can be found in Reference 2.
where Io is the initial intensity, I(x) the intensity after path length
References
x, and ρ is the mass density of the element in question. To a high
approximation the mass attenuation coefficient is additive for 1. Berger, M. J. and Hubbell, J. H., National Bureau of Standards
the elements present, independent of the way in which they are Report NBSIR-87-3597, 1987.
bound in chemical compounds. 2. Saloman, E. B., Hubbell, J. H., and Scofield, J. H., Atomic Data and
The first four tables give the attenuation coefficients for ele- Nuclear Data Tables, 38, 1, 1988.
3. XCOM: Photon Cross Sections Database, Version 3.1, NIST Stan-
ments with atomic number 1–100. The power of ten is indicated
dard Reference Database 8, November 2010, <www.nist.gov/pml/
beside each number in the table; i.e., 7.41 + 03 means 7.41 × 103. data/xcom/index.cfm>.
Plots of attenuation coefficient vs. energy (see Reference 4) show a 4. Tables of X-Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients and Mass Energy-
smooth decline with increasing energy until an absorption edge is Absorption Coefficients from 1 keV to 20 MeV for Elements Z = 1
reached, where the attenuation coefficient increases sharply and to 92 and 48 Additional Substances of Dosimetric Interest, NIST
then continues to decline. Thus interpolation in Table 1 is unreli- Standard Reference Database 26, July 2004, <www.nist.gov/pml/
able when the interval includes an absorption edge. Absorption data/xraycoef/index.cfm>.
edge energies are listed in the final table.
Mass Attenuation Coefficients in cm2/g for H through Sn and Photon Energy from 0.001 to 0.5 MeV
Atomic 0.001 0.002 0.005
no. MeV MeV MeV 0.01 MeV 0.02 MeV 0.05 MeV 0.1 MeV 0.2 MeV 0.5 MeV
H 1 7.21 + 00 1.06 + 00 4.19-01 3.85-01 3.69-01 3.36-01 2.94-01 2.43-01 1.73-01
He 2 6.08 + 01 6.86 + 00 5.77-01 2.48-01 1.96-01 1.70-01 1.49-01 1.22-01 8.71-02
Li 3 2.34 + 02 2.71 + 01 1.62 + 00 3.40-01 1.86-01 1.49-01 1.29-01 1.06-01 7.53-02
Be 4 6.04 + 02 7.47 + 01 4.37 + 00 6.47-01 2.25-01 1.55-01 1.33-01 1.09-01 7.74-02
B 5 1.23 + 03 1.60 + 02 9.68 + 00 1.25 + 00 3.01-01 1.66-01 1.39-01 1.14-01 8.07-02
C 6 2.21 + 03 3.03 + 02 1.91 + 01 2.37 + 00 4.42-01 1.87-01 1.51-01 1.23-01 8.72-02
N 7 3.31 + 03 4.77 + 02 3.14 + 01 3.88 + 00 6.18-01 1.98-01 1.53-01 1.23-01 8.72-02
O 8 4.59 + 03 6.95 + 02 4.79 + 01 5.95 + 00 8.65-01 2.13-01 1.55-01 1.24-01 8.73-02
F 9 5.65 + 03 9.05 + 02 6.51 + 01 8.21 + 00 1.13 + 00 2.21-01 1.50-01 1.18-01 8.27-02
Ne 10 7.41 + 03 1.24 + 03 9.34 + 01 1.20 + 01 1.61 + 00 2.58-01 1.60-01 1.24-01 8.66-02
Na 11 6.54 + 02 1.52 + 03 1.19 + 02 1.56 + 01 2.06 + 00 2.80-01 1.59-01 1.20-01 8.37-02
Mg 12 9.22 + 02 1.93 + 03 1.58 + 02 2.11 + 01 2.76 + 00 3.29-01 1.69-01 1.24-01 8.65-02
Al 13 1.19 + 03 2.26 + 03 1.93 + 02 2.62 + 01 3.44 + 00 3.68-01 1.70-01 1.22-01 8.44-02
Si 14 1.57 + 03 2.78 + 03 2.45 + 02 3.39 + 01 4.46 + 00 4.38-01 1.84-01 1.28-01 8.75-02
P 15 1.91 + 03 3.02 + 02 2.86 + 02 4.04 + 01 5.35 + 00 4.92-01 1.87-01 1.25-01 8.51-02
S 16 2.43 + 03 3.85 + 02 3.49 + 02 5.01 + 01 6.71 + 00 5.85-01 2.02-01 1.30-01 8.78-02
Cl 17 2.83 + 03 4.52 + 02 3.90 + 02 5.73 + 01 7.74 + 00 6.48-01 2.05-01 1.27-01 8.45-02
Ar 18 3.18 + 03 5.12 + 02 4.23 + 02 6.32 + 01 8.63 + 00 7.01-01 2.04-01 1.20-01 7.96-02
K 19 4.06 + 03 6.59 + 02 5.19 + 02 7.91 + 01 1.09 + 01 8.68-01 2.34-01 1.32-01 8.60-02
Ca 20 4.87 + 03 8.00 + 02 6.03 + 02 9.34 + 01 1.31 + 01 1.02 + 00 2.57-01 1.38-01 8.85-02
Sc 21 5.24 + 03 8.70 + 02 6.31 + 02 9.95 + 01 1.41 + 01 1.09 + 00 2.58-01 1.31-01 8.31-02
Ti 22 5.87 + 03 9.86 + 02 6.84 + 02 1.11 + 02 1.59 + 01 1.21 + 00 2.72-01 1.31-01 8.19-02
V 23 6.50 + 03 1.11 + 03 9.29 + 01 1.22 + 02 1.77 + 01 1.35 + 00 2.88-01 1.32-01 8.07-02
Cr 24 7.40 + 03 1.28 + 03 1.08 + 02 1.39 + 02 2.04 + 01 1.55 + 00 3.17-01 1.38-01 8.28-02
Mn 25 8.09 + 03 1.42 + 03 1.21 + 02 1.51 + 02 2.25 + 01 1.71 + 00 3.37-01 1.39-01 8.19-02
Fe 26 9.09 + 03 1.63 + 03 1.40 + 02 1.71 + 02 2.57 + 01 1.96 + 00 3.72-01 1.46-01 8.41-02
Co 27 9.80 + 03 1.78 + 03 1.54 + 02 1.84 + 02 2.80 + 01 2.14 + 00 3.95-01 1.48-01 8.32-02
Ni 28 9.86 + 03 2.05 + 03 1.79 + 02 2.09 + 02 3.22 + 01 2.47 + 00 4.44-01 1.58-01 8.70-02
Cu 29 1.06 + 04 2.15 + 03 1.90 + 02 2.16 + 02 3.38 + 01 2.61 + 00 4.58-01 1.56-01 8.36-02
Zn 30 1.55 + 03 2.37 + 03 2.12 + 02 2.33 + 02 3.72 + 01 2.89 + 00 4.97-01 1.62-01 8.45-02
10-236

Photon Attenuation Coefficients 10-237
Atomic 0.001 0.002 0.005

Ga 31 1.70 + 03 2.52 + 03 2.27 + 02 3.42 + 01 3.93 + 01 3.08 + 00 5.20-01 1.62-01 8.24-02
Atomic
Ge 32 1.89 + 03 2.71 + 03 2.47 + 02 3.74 + 01 4.22 + 01 3.34 + 00 5.55-01 1.66-01 8.21-02
As 33 2.12 + 03 2.93 + 03 2.71 + 02 4.12 + 01 4.56 + 01 3.63 + 00 5.97-01 1.72-01 8.26-02
Se 34 2.32 + 03 3.10 + 03 2.90 + 02 4.41 + 01 4.82 + 01 3.86 + 00 6.28-01 1.74-01 8.13-02
Br 35 2.62 + 03 3.41 + 03 3.21 + 02 4.91 + 01 5.27 + 01 4.26 + 00 6.86-01 1.84-01 8.33-02
Kr 36 2.85 + 03 3.60 + 03 3.43 + 02 5.26 + 01 5.55 + 01 4.52 + 00 7.22-01 1.87-01 8.23-02
Rb 37 3.17 + 03 3.41 + 03 3.74 + 02 5.77 + 01 5.98 + 01 4.92 + 00 7.80-01 1.96-01 8.36-02
Sr 38 3.49 + 03 2.59 + 03 4.06 + 02 6.27 + 01 6.39 + 01 5.31 + 00 8.37-01 2.04-01 8.44-02
Y 39 3.86 + 03 7.42 + 02 4.42 + 02 6.87 + 01 6.86 + 01 5.76 + 00 9.05-01 2.15-01 8.61-02
Zr 40 4.21 + 03 8.12 + 02 4.76 + 02 7.42 + 01 7.24 + 01 6.17 + 00 9.66-01 2.24-01 8.69-02
Nb 41 4.60 + 03 8.89 + 02 5.13 + 02 8.04 + 01 7.71 + 01 6.64 + 00 1.04 + 00 2.34-01 8.83-02
Mo 42 4.94 + 03 9.60 + 02 5.45 + 02 8.58 + 01 1.31 + 01 7.04 + 00 1.10 + 00 2.42-01 8.85-02
Tc 43 5.36 + 03 1.04 + 03 5.84 + 02 9.23 + 01 1.41 + 01 7.52 + 00 1.17 + 00 2.53-01 8.97-02
Ru 44 5.72 + 03 1.12 + 03 6.17 + 02 9.80 + 01 1.50 + 01 7.92 + 00 1.23 + 00 2.62-01 8.99-02
Rh 45 6.17 + 03 1.21 + 03 6.59 + 02 1.05 + 02 1.61 + 01 8.45 + 00 1.31 + 00 2.74-01 9.13-02
Pd 46 6.54 + 03 1.29 + 03 6.91 + 02 1.11 + 02 1.70 + 01 8.85 + 00 1.38 + 00 2.83-01 9.13-02
Ag 47 7.04 + 03 1.40 + 03 7.39 + 02 1.19 + 02 1.84 + 01 9.45 + 00 1.47 + 00 2.97-01 9.32-02
Cd 48 7.35 + 03 1.47 + 03 7.69 + 02 1.24 + 02 1.92 + 01 9.78 + 00 1.52 + 00 3.04-01 9.25-02
In 49 7.81 + 03 1.58 + 03 8.13 + 02 1.32 + 02 2.04 + 01 1.03 + 01 1.61 + 00 3.17-01 9.37-02
Sn 50 8.16 + 03 1.66 + 03 8.47 + 02 1.38 + 02 2.15 + 01 1.07 + 01 1.68 + 00 3.26-01 9.37-02
Mass Attenuation Coefficients in cm2/g for H through Sn and Photon Energy from 1.0 to 1000.0 MeV
Atomic 100.0 500.0 1000.0
no. 1.0 MeV 2.0 MeV 5.0 MeV 10.0 MeV 20.0 MeV 50.0 MeV MeV MeV MeV
H 1 1.26-01 8.77-02 5.05-02 3.25-02 2.15-02 1.42-02 1.19-02 1.14-02 1.16-02
He 2 6.36-02 4.42-02 2.58-02 1.70-02 1.18-02 8.61-03 7.78-03 7.79-03 7.95-03
Li 3 5.50-02 3.83-02 2.26-02 1.53-02 1.11-02 8.68-03 8.21-03 8.61-03 8.87-03
Be 4 5.65-02 3.94-02 2.35-02 1.63-02 1.23-02 1.02-02 9.94-03 1.08-02 1.12-02
B 5 5.89-02 4.11-02 2.48-02 1.76-02 1.37-02 1.19-02 1.19-02 1.32-02 1.37-02
C 6 6.36-02 4.44-02 2.71-02 1.96-02 1.58-02 1.43-02 1.46-02 1.64-02 1.70-02
N 7 6.36-02 4.45-02 2.74-02 2.02-02 1.67-02 1.57-02 1.63-02 1.85-02 1.92-02
O 8 6.37-02 4.46-02 2.78-02 2.09-02 1.77-02 1.71-02 1.79-02 2.06-02 2.13-02
F 9 6.04-02 4.23-02 2.66-02 2.04-02 1.77-02 1.75-02 1.86-02 2.14-02 2.21-02
Ne 10 6.32-02 4.43-02 2.82-02 2.20-02 1.95-02 1.96-02 2.11-02 2.43-02 2.51-02
Na 11 6.10-02 4.28-02 2.75-02 2.18-02 1.97-02 2.03-02 2.19-02 2.53-02 2.62-02
Mg 12 6.30-02 4.43-02 2.87-02 2.31-02 2.13-02 2.23-02 2.42-02 2.81-02 2.90-02
Al 13 6.15-02 4.32-02 2.84-02 2.32-02 2.17-02 2.31-02 2.52-02 2.93-02 3.03-02
Si 14 6.36-02 4.48-02 2.97-02 2.46-02 2.34-02 2.52-02 2.76-02 3.23-02 3.34-02
P 15 6.18-02 4.36-02 2.91-02 2.45-02 2.36-02 2.58-02 2.84-02 3.33-02 3.45-02
S 16 6.37-02 4.50-02 3.04-02 2.59-02 2.53-02 2.79-02 3.08-02 3.62-02 3.75-02
Cl 17 6.13-02 4.33-02 2.95-02 2.55-02 2.52-02 2.81-02 3.11-02 3.67-02 3.80-02
Ar 18 5.76-02 4.07-02 2.80-02 2.45-02 2.45-02 2.76-02 3.07-02 3.62-02 3.75-02
K 19 6.22-02 4.40-02 3.05-02 2.70-02 2.74-02 3.11-02 3.46-02 4.09-02 4.24-02
Ca 20 6.39-02 4.52-02 3.17-02 2.84-02 2.90-02 3.32-02 3.71-02 4.40-02 4.56-02
Sc 21 5.98-02 4.24-02 3.00-02 2.72-02 2.80-02 3.23-02 3.62-02 4.30-02 4.45-02
Ti 22 5.89-02 4.18-02 2.98-02 2.73-02 2.84-02 3.30-02 3.71-02 4.40-02 4.56-02
V 23 5.79-02 4.11-02 2.96-02 2.74-02 2.88-02 3.36-02 3.78-02 4.49-02 4.65-02
Cr 24 5.93-02 4.21-02 3.06-02 2.86-02 3.03-02 3.56-02 4.01-02 4.76-02 4.93-02
Mn 25 5.85-02 4.16-02 3.04-02 2.87-02 3.07-02 3.63-02 4.09-02 4.86-02 5.04-02
Fe 26 5.99-02 4.26-02 3.15-02 2.99-02 3.22-02 3.83-02 4.33-02 5.15-02 5.33-02
Co 27 5.91-02 4.20-02 3.13-02 3.00-02 3.26-02 3.88-02 4.40-02 5.23-02 5.41-02
Ni 28 6.16-02 4.39-02 3.29-02 3.18-02 3.48-02 4.17-02 4.73-02 5.61-02 5.81-02
Cu 29 5.90-02 4.20-02 3.18-02 3.10-02 3.41-02 4.10-02 4.66-02 5.53-02 5.72-02
Zn 30 5.94-02 4.24-02 3.22-02 3.18-02 3.51-02 4.24-02 4.82-02 5.72-02 5.91-02
Ga 31 5.77-02 4.11-02 3.16-02 3.13-02 3.48-02 4.22-02 4.80-02 5.70-02 5.89-02
Ge 32 5.73-02 4.09-02 3.16-02 3.16-02 3.53-02 4.30-02 4.89-02 5.80-02 6.00-02
As 33 5.73-02 4.09-02 3.19-02 3.21-02 3.60-02 4.40-02 5.01-02 5.95-02 6.15-02
Se 34 5.62-02 4.01-02 3.14-02 3.19-02 3.60-02 4.41-02 5.03-02 5.97-02 6.17-02
Br 35 5.73-02 4.09-02 3.23-02 3.29-02 3.74-02 4.60-02 5.24-02 6.22-02 6.43-02

10-238 Photon Attenuation Coefficients
Atomic 100.0 500.0 1000.0

Kr 36 5.63-02 4.02-02 3.20-02 3.28-02 3.74-02 4.61-02 5.26-02 6.25-02 6.46-02
Atomic
Rb 37 5.69-02 4.06-02 3.25-02 3.36-02 3.85-02 4.75-02 5.43-02 6.45-02 6.67-02

Sr 38 5.71-02 4.08-02 3.29-02 3.41-02 3.93-02 4.87-02 5.56-02 6.61-02 6.83-02
Y 39 5.80-02 4.14-02 3.35-02 3.50-02 4.05-02 5.03-02 5.75-02 6.83-02 7.06-02
Zr 40 5.81-02 4.15-02 3.38-02 3.55-02 4.12-02 5.13-02 5.87-02 6.98-02 7.22-02
Nb 41 5.87-02 4.18-02 3.44-02 3.63-02 4.22-02 5.27-02 6.03-02 7.17-02 7.42-02
Mo 42 5.84-02 4.16-02 3.44-02 3.65-02 4.26-02 5.33-02 6.10-02 7.26-02 7.51-02
Tc 43 5.88-02 4.19-02 3.48-02 3.71-02 4.35-02 5.45-02 6.24-02 7.43-02 7.68-02
Ru 44 5.85-02 4.16-02 3.48-02 3.73-02 4.39-02 5.50-02 6.30-02 7.51-02 7.77-02
Rh 45 5.89-02 4.20-02 3.53-02 3.80-02 4.48-02 5.63-02 6.45-02 7.69-02 7.94-02
Pd 46 5.85-02 4.16-02 3.52-02 3.80-02 4.50-02 5.66-02 6.49-02 7.73-02 8.00-02
Ag 47 5.92-02 4.21-02 3.58-02 3.88-02 4.61-02 5.81-02 6.67-02 7.93-02 8.20-02
Cd 48 5.83-02 4.14-02 3.54-02 3.85-02 4.59-02 5.79-02 6.64-02 7.91-02 8.18-02
In 49 5.85-02 4.15-02 3.56-02 3.90-02 4.65-02 5.88-02 6.75-02 8.04-02 8.32-02
Sn 50 5.80-02 4.11-02 3.55-02 3.90-02 4.66-02 5.90-02 6.78-02 8.07-02 8.35-02
Mass Attenuation Coefficients in cm2/g for Sb through Fm and Photon Energy from 0.001 to 0.5 MeV
Atomic 0.001 0.002 0.005
Sb 51 8.58 + 03 1.77 + 03 8.85 + 02 1.46 + 02 2.27 + 01 1.12 + 01 1.76 + 00 3.38-01 9.45-02
Te 52 8.43 + 03 1.83 + 03 9.01 + 02 1.50 + 02 2.34 + 01 1.14 + 01 1.80 + 00 3.43-01 9.33-02
I 53 9.10 + 03 2.00 + 03 8.43 + 02 1.63 + 02 2.54 + 01 1.23 + 01 1.94 + 00 3.66-01 9.70-02
Xe 54 9.41 + 03 2.09 + 03 6.39 + 02 1.69 + 02 2.65 + 01 1.27 + 01 2.01 + 00 3.76-01 9.70-02
Cs 55 9.37 + 03 2.23 + 03 2.30 + 02 1.79 + 02 2.82 + 01 1.34 + 01 2.12 + 00 3.94-01 9.91-02
Ba 56 8.54 + 03 2.32 + 03 2.41 + 02 1.86 + 02 2.94 + 01 1.38 + 01 2.20 + 00 4.05-01 9.92-02
La 57 9.09 + 03 2.46 + 03 2.58 + 02 1.97 + 02 3.12 + 01 1.45 + 01 2.32 + 00 4.24-01 1.01-01
Ce 58 9.71 + 03 2.61 + 03 2.74 + 02 2.08 + 02 3.31 + 01 1.52 + 01 2.45 + 00 4.45-01 1.04-01
Pr 59 1.06 + 04 2.77 + 03 2.92 + 02 2.21 + 02 3.53 + 01 1.60 + 01 2.59 + 00 4.69-01 1.07-01
Nd 60 6.63 + 03 2.88 + 03 3.06 + 02 2.30 + 02 3.68 + 01 1.65 + 01 2.69 + 00 4.84-01 1.08-01
Pm 61 2.06 + 03 3.05 + 03 3.26 + 02 2.44 + 02 3.92 + 01 1.73 + 01 2.84 + 00 5.10-01 1.12-01
Sm 62 2.11 + 03 3.12 + 03 3.36 + 02 2.50 + 02 4.03 + 01 1.77 + 01 2.90 + 00 5.19-01 1.11-01
Eu 63 2.22 + 03 3.28 + 03 3.54 + 02 2.63 + 02 4.24 + 01 1.85 + 01 3.04 + 00 5.43-01 1.14-01
Gd 64 2.29 + 03 3.36 + 03 3.65 + 02 2.69 + 02 4.36 + 01 3.86 + 00 3.11 + 00 5.54-01 1.14-01
Tb 65 2.40 + 03 3.51 + 03 3.84 + 02 2.82 + 02 4.59 + 01 4.06 + 00 3.25 + 00 5.77-01 1.17-01
Dy 66 2.49 + 03 3.47 + 03 3.99 + 02 2.90 + 02 4.76 + 01 4.23 + 00 3.36 + 00 5.95-01 1.18-01
Ho 67 2.62 + 03 3.59 + 03 4.17 + 02 3.01 + 02 4.98 + 01 4.43 + 00 3.49 + 00 6.18-01 1.20-01
Er 68 2.75 + 03 3.52 + 03 4.36 + 02 3.13 + 02 5.20 + 01 4.63 + 00 3.63 + 00 6.41-01 1.23-01
Tm 69 2.90 + 03 3.69 + 03 4.57 + 02 2.83 + 02 5.45 + 01 4.87 + 00 3.78 + 00 6.68-01 1.26-01
Yb 70 3.02 + 03 3.80 + 03 4.72 + 02 2.94 + 02 5.63 + 01 5.04 + 00 3.88 + 00 6.86-01 1.27-01
Lu 71 3.19 + 03 3.45 + 03 4.94 + 02 2.21 + 02 5.88 + 01 5.28 + 00 4.03 + 00 7.13-01 1.30-01
Hf 72 3.34 + 03 3.60 + 03 5.11 + 02 2.30 + 02 6.09 + 01 5.48 + 00 4.15 + 00 7.34-01 1.32-01
Ta 73 3.51 + 03 3.77 + 03 5.33 + 02 2.38 + 02 6.33 + 01 5.72 + 00 4.30 + 00 7.60-01 1.35-01
W 74 3.68 + 03 3.92 + 03 5.53 + 02 9.69 + 01 6.57 + 01 5.95 + 00 4.44 + 00 7.84-01 1.38-01
Re 75 3.87 + 03 3.77 + 03 5.76 + 02 1.01 + 02 6.84 + 01 6.21 + 00 4.59 + 00 8.12-01 1.41-01
Os 76 4.03 + 03 2.22 + 03 5.93 + 02 1.04 + 02 7.04 + 01 6.41 + 00 4.70 + 00 8.33-01 1.43-01
Ir 77 4.24 + 03 1.03 + 03 6.18 + 02 1.09 + 02 7.32 + 01 6.69 + 00 4.86 + 00 8.63-01 1.46-01
Pt 78 4.43 + 03 1.08 + 03 6.40 + 02 1.13 + 02 7.57 + 01 6.95 + 00 4.99 + 00 8.90-01 1.49-01
Au 79 4.65 + 03 1.14 + 03 6.66 + 02 1.18 + 02 7.88 + 01 7.26 + 00 5.16 + 00 9.22-01 1.53-01
Hg 80 4.83 + 03 1.18 + 03 6.87 + 02 1.22 + 02 8.12 + 01 7.50 + 00 5.28 + 00 9.46-01 1.56-01
Tl 81 5.01 + 03 1.23 + 03 7.07 + 02 1.26 + 02 8.36 + 01 7.75 + 00 5.40 + 00 9.69-01 1.58-01
Pb 82 5.21 + 03 1.29 + 03 7.30 + 02 1.31 + 02 8.64 + 01 8.04 + 00 5.55 + 00 9.99-01 1.61-01
Bi 83 5.44 + 03 1.35 + 03 7.58 + 02 1.36 + 02 8.95 + 01 8.38 + 00 5.74 + 00 1.03 + 00 1.66-01
Po 84 5.72 + 03 1.42 + 03 7.93 + 02 1.43 + 02 9.35 + 01 8.80 + 00 5.99 + 00 1.08 + 00 1.71-01
At 85 5.87 + 03 1.49 + 03 8.25 + 02 1.49 + 02 9.70 + 01 9.19 + 00 6.17 + 00 1.12 + 00 1.77-01
Rn 86 5.83 + 03 1.49 + 03 8.16 + 02 1.48 + 02 9.56 + 01 9.12 + 00 6.09 + 00 1.10 + 00 1.73-01
Fr 87 6.08 + 03 1.56 + 03 8.49 + 02 1.54 + 02 9.93 + 01 9.52 + 00 1.66 + 00 1.14 + 00 1.78-01
Ra 88 6.20 + 03 1.62 + 03 8.74 + 02 1.59 + 02 1.02 + 02 9.85 + 00 1.71 + 00 1.17 + 00 1.82-01
Ac 89 6.47 + 03 1.70 + 03 8.69 + 02 1.65 + 02 1.06 + 02 1.03 + 01 1.79 + 00 1.21 + 00 1.87-01
Th 90 6.61 + 03 1.74 + 03 8.88 + 02 1.69 + 02 9.37 + 01 1.05 + 01 1.83 + 00 1.23 + 00 1.90-01

Atomic 0.001 0.002 0.005

Pa 91 6.53 + 03 1.83 + 03 8.76 + 02 1.77 + 02 7.03 + 01 1.10 + 01 1.92 + 00 1.29 + 00 1.97-01
Atomic
U 92 6.63 + 03 1.86 + 03 8.89 + 02 1.79 + 02 7.11 + 01 1.12 + 01 1.95 + 00 1.30 + 00 1.98-01
Np 93 6.95 + 03 1.96 + 03 9.32 + 02 1.87 + 02 7.45 + 01 1.18 + 01 2.05 + 00 1.35 + 00 2.05-01
Pu 94 7.19 + 03 2.04 + 03 9.65 + 02 1.94 + 02 7.71 + 01 1.22 + 01 2.13 + 00 1.39 + 00 2.10-01
Am 95 7.37 + 03 2.10 + 03 9.90 + 02 1.98 + 02 7.93 + 01 1.25 + 01 2.19 + 00 1.42 + 00 2.14-01
Cm 96 7.54 + 03 2.15 + 03 1.02 + 03 2.03 + 02 8.14 + 01 1.28 + 01 2.25 + 00 1.44 + 00 2.18-01
Bk 97 7.84 + 03 2.25 + 03 1.06 + 03 2.10 + 02 8.39 + 01 1.34 + 01 2.35 + 00 1.50 + 00 2.25-01
Cf 98 7.89 + 03 2.31 + 03 9.27 + 02 2.15 + 02 8.58 + 01 1.37 + 01 2.41 + 00 1.52 + 00 2.29-01
Es 99 7.79 + 03 2.40 + 03 9.59 + 02 2.22 + 02 4.01 + 01 1.42 + 01 2.51 + 00 1.57 + 00 2.36-01
Fm 100 7.13 + 03 2.46 + 03 9.77 + 02 2.26 + 02 4.09 + 01 1.45 + 01 2.57 + 00 1.59 + 00 2.39-01
Mass Attenuation Coefficients in cm2/g for Sb through Fm and Photon Energy from 1.0 to 1000.0 MeV
Atomic 100.0 500.0 1000.0
Sb 51 5.80-02 4.10-02 3.56-02 3.92-02 4.70-02 5.96-02 6.85-02 8.16-02 8.44-02
Te 52 5.67-02 4.01-02 3.49-02 3.86-02 4.64-02 5.89-02 6.77-02 8.07-02 8.35-02
I 53 5.84-02 4.12-02 3.61-02 4.00-02 4.82-02 6.13-02 7.04-02 8.40-02 8.69-02
Xe 54 5.78-02 4.08-02 3.58-02 3.99-02 4.82-02 6.12-02 7.04-02 8.40-02 8.69-02
Cs 55 5.85-02 4.12-02 3.64-02 4.06-02 4.91-02 6.25-02 7.19-02 8.58-02 8.88-02
Ba 56 5.80-02 4.08-02 3.61-02 4.04-02 4.90-02 6.25-02 7.19-02 8.58-02 8.88-02
La 57 5.88-02 4.12-02 3.66-02 4.11-02 5.00-02 6.37-02 7.34-02 8.76-02 9.06-02
Ce 58 5.96-02 4.18-02 3.73-02 4.19-02 5.10-02 6.52-02 7.50-02 8.96-02 9.27-02
Pr 59 6.07-02 4.24-02 3.80-02 4.29-02 5.23-02 6.68-02 7.69-02 9.19-02 9.50-02
Nd 60 6.07-02 4.24-02 3.81-02 4.30-02 5.26-02 6.72-02 7.74-02 9.25-02 9.56-02
Pm 61 6.19-02 4.31-02 3.88-02 4.40-02 5.38-02 6.89-02 7.94-02 9.48-02 9.81-02
Sm 62 6.11-02 4.24-02 3.83-02 4.35-02 5.34-02 6.84-02 7.88-02 9.41-02 9.73-02
Eu 63 6.19-02 4.28-02 3.88-02 4.42-02 5.42-02 6.96-02 8.02-02 9.57-02 9.90-02
Gd 64 6.12-02 4.23-02 3.84-02 4.38-02 5.38-02 6.91-02 7.97-02 9.51-02 9.83-02
Tb 65 6.20-02 4.27-02 3.89-02 4.45-02 5.47-02 7.03-02 8.11-02 9.67-02 1.00-01
Dy 66 6.20-02 4.26-02 3.90-02 4.46-02 5.49-02 7.06-02 8.15-02 9.72-02 1.00-01
Ho 67 6.26-02 4.29-02 3.93-02 4.50-02 5.55-02 7.14-02 8.24-02 9.83-02 1.02-01
Er 68 6.32-02 4.32-02 3.96-02 4.55-02 5.61-02 7.23-02 8.34-02 9.95-02 1.03-01
Tm 69 6.40-02 4.36-02 4.01-02 4.61-02 5.70-02 7.35-02 8.48-02 1.01-01 1.04-01
Yb 70 6.40-02 4.35-02 4.00-02 4.61-02 5.70-02 7.35-02 8.49-02 1.01-01 1.04-01
Lu 71 6.48-02 4.39-02 4.05-02 4.66-02 5.77-02 7.45-02 8.60-02 1.02-01 1.06-01
Hf 72 6.50-02 4.39-02 4.05-02 4.68-02 5.80-02 7.48-02 8.64-02 1.03-01 1.06-01
Ta 73 6.57-02 4.41-02 4.08-02 4.72-02 5.85-02 7.56-02 8.73-02 1.04-01 1.07-01
W 74 6.62-02 4.43-02 4.10-02 4.75-02 5.89-02 7.62-02 8.80-02 1.05-01 1.08-01
Re 75 6.69-02 4.46-02 4.14-02 4.79-02 5.95-02 7.70-02 8.89-02 1.06-01 1.09-01
Os 76 6.71-02 4.46-02 4.13-02 4.79-02 5.96-02 7.71-02 8.90-02 1.06-01 1.10-01
Ir 77 6.79-02 4.50-02 4.17-02 4.84-02 6.02-02 7.80-02 9.01-02 1.07-01 1.11-01
Pt 78 6.86-02 4.52-02 4.20-02 4.87-02 6.06-02 7.86-02 9.08-02 1.08-01 1.12-01
Au 79 6.95-02 4.57-02 4.24-02 4.93-02 6.14-02 7.95-02 9.19-02 1.09-01 1.13-01
Hg 80 6.99-02 4.57-02 4.25-02 4.94-02 6.15-02 7.98-02 9.22-02 1.10-01 1.13-01
Tl 81 7.03-02 4.58-02 4.25-02 4.94-02 6.16-02 8.00-02 9.24-02 1.10-01 1.14-01
Pb 82 7.10-02 4.61-02 4.27-02 4.97-02 6.21-02 8.06-02 9.31-02 1.11-01 1.15-01
Bi 83 7.21-02 4.66-02 4.32-02 5.03-02 6.28-02 8.15-02 9.42-02 1.12-01 1.16-01
Po 84 7.39-02 4.75-02 4.40-02 5.12-02 6.40-02 8.32-02 9.61-02 1.15-01 1.18-01
At 85 7.54-02 4.82-02 4.46-02 5.20-02 6.49-02 8.44-02 9.76-02 1.16-01 1.20-01
Rn 86 7.30-02 4.65-02 4.30-02 5.01-02 6.26-02 8.14-02 9.42-02 1.12-01 1.16-01
Fr 87 7.45-02 4.72-02 4.36-02 5.08-02 6.35-02 8.26-02 9.56-02 1.14-01 1.18-01
Ra 88 7.53-02 4.75-02 4.38-02 5.10-02 6.38-02 8.31-02 9.61-02 1.15-01 1.19-01
Ac 89 7.69-02 4.82-02 4.44-02 5.17-02 6.47-02 8.43-02 9.75-02 1.16-01 1.20-01
Th 90 7.71-02 4.81-02 4.42-02 5.15-02 6.45-02 8.40-02 9.72-02 1.16-01 1.20-01
Pa 91 7.94-02 4.93-02 4.52-02 5.26-02 6.59-02 8.60-02 9.95-02 1.19-01 1.23-01
U 92 7.90-02 4.88-02 4.46-02 5.19-02 6.51-02 8.49-02 9.83-02 1.17-01 1.21-01
Np 93 8.13-02 4.99-02 4.56-02 5.30-02 6.65-02 8.68-02 1.01-01 1.20-01 1.24-01
Pu 94 8.26-02 5.05-02 4.60-02 5.34-02 6.71-02 8.76-02 1.01-01 1.21-01 1.25-01
Am 95 8.33-02 5.06-02 4.60-02 5.34-02 6.70-02 8.77-02 1.02-01 1.21-01 1.25-01

10-240 Photon Attenuation Coefficients
Atomic 100.0 500.0 1000.0

Cm 96 8.41-02 5.08-02 4.60-02 5.34-02 6.70-02 8.77-02 1.02-01 1.21-01 1.26-01
Atomic
Bk 97 8.62-02 5.18-02 4.68-02 5.42-02 6.81-02 8.92-02 1.03-01 1.24-01 1.28-01

Cf 98 8.70-02 5.20-02 4.68-02 5.42-02 6.81-02 8.92-02 1.04-01 1.24-01 1.28-01
Es 99 8.89-02 5.28-02 4.74-02 5.48-02 6.89-02 9.04-02 1.05-01 1.25-01 1.29-01
Fm 100 8.94-02 5.28-02 4.72-02 5.45-02 6.86-02 9.00-02 1.05-01 1.25-01 1.29-01
Absorption Edges in keV

Atomic
no. K L1 L2 L3 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
Na 11 1.07
Mg 12 1.31
Al 13 1.56
Si 14 1.84
P 15 2.15
S 16 2.47
Cl 17 2.82
Ar 18 3.20
K 19 3.61
Ca 20 4.04
Sc 21 4.49
Ti 22 4.97
V 23 5.47
Cr 24 5.99
Mn 25 6.54
Fe 26 7.11
Co 27 7.71
Ni 28 8.33 1.01
Cu 29 8.98 1.10
Zn 30 9.66 1.19 1.04 1.02
Ga 31 10.37 1.30 1.14 1.12
Ge 32 11.10 1.41 1.25 1.22
As 33 11.87 1.53 1.36 1.32
Se 34 12.66 1.65 1.48 1.44
Br 35 13.47 1.78 1.60 1.55
Kr 36 14.33 1.92 1.73 1.68
Rb 37 15.20 2.07 1.86 1.80
Sr 38 16.10 2.22 2.01 1.94
Y 39 17.04 2.37 2.16 2.08
Zr 40 18.00 2.53 2.31 2.22
Nb 41 18.99 2.70 2.47 2.37
Mo 42 20.00 2.87 2.63 2.52
Tc 43 21.04 3.04 2.79 2.68
Ru 44 22.12 3.22 2.97 2.84
Rh 45 23.22 3.41 3.15 3.00
Pd 46 24.35 3.60 3.33 3.17
Ag 47 25.51 3.81 3.52 3.35
Cd 48 26.71 4.02 3.73 3.54
In 49 27.94 4.24 3.94 3.73
Sn 50 29.20 4.47 4.16 3.3
Sb 51 30.49 4.70 4.38 4.13
Te 52 31.81 4.94 4.61 4.34 1.01
I 53 33.17 5.19 4.85 4.56 1.07
Xe 54 34.56 5.45 5.10 4.78 1.15
Cs 55 35.98 5.71 5.36 5.01 1.22 1.07
Ba 56 37.44 5.99 5.62 5.25 1.29 1.14 1.06
La 57 38.92 6.27 5.89 5.48 1.36 1.20 1.12
Ce 58 40.44 6.55 6.16 5.72 1.44 1.27 1.19
Pr 59 41.99 6.84 6.44 5.96 1.51 1.34 1.24
Nd 60 43.57 7.13 6.72 6.21 1.58 1.40 1.30 1.01

Atomic
no. K L1 L2 L3 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
Pm 61 45.18 7.43 7.01 6.46 1.65 1.47 1.36 1.05 1.03
Atomic
Sm 62 46.83 7.74 7.31 6.72 1.72 1.54 1.42 1.11 1.08
Eu 63 48.52 8.05 7.62 6.98 1.80 1.61 1.48 1.16 1.13
Gd 64 50.24 8.38 7.93 7.24 1.88 1.69 1.54 1.22 1.19
Tb 65 52.00 8.71 8.25 7.51 1.97 1.77 1.61 1.28 1.24
Dy 66 53.79 9.05 8.58 7.79 2.05 1.84 1.68 1.33 1.30
Ho 67 55.62 9.39 8.92 8.07 2.13 1.92 1.74 1.39 1.35
Er 68 57.49 9.75 9.26 8.36 2.21 2.01 1.81 1.45 1.41
Tm 69 59.39 10.12 9.62 8.65 2.31 2.09 1.88 1.52 1.47
Yb 70 61.33 10.49 9.98 8.94 2.40 2.17 1.95 1.58 1.53
Lu 71 63.31 10.87 10.35 9.24 2.49 2.26 2.02 1.64 1.59
Hf 72 65.35 11.27 10.74 9.56 2.60 2.37 2.11 1.72 1.66
Ta 73 67.42 11.68 11.14 9.88 2.71 2.47 2.19 1.79 1.74
W 74 69.53 12.10 11.54 10.21 2.82 2.58 2.28 1.87 1.81
Re 75 71.68 12.53 11.96 10.54 2.93 2.68 2.37 1.95 1.82
Os 76 73.87 12.97 12.39 10.87 3.05 2.79 2.46 2.03 1.96
Ir 77 76.11 13.42 12.82 11.22 3.17 2.91 2.55 2.12 2.04
Pt 78 78.39 13.88 13.27 11.56 3.30 3.03 2.65 2.20 2.12
Au 79 80.72 14.35 13.73 11.92 3.43 3.15 2.74 2.29 2.21
Hg 80 83.10 14.84 14.21 12.28 3.56 3.28 2.85 2.39 2.30
Tl 81 85.53 15.35 14.70 12.66 3.70 3.42 2.96 2.49 2.39
Pb 82 88.00 15.86 15.20 13.04 3.85 3.55 3.07 2.59 2.48
Bi 83 90.53 16.39 15.71 13.42 4.00 3.70 3.18 2.69 2.58
Po 84 93.10 16.94 16.24 13.81 4.15 3.85 3.30 2.80 2.68
Ata 85 95.73 17.49 16.78 14.21 4.32 4.01 3.43 2.91 2.79
Rna 86 98.40 18.05 17.34 14.62 4.48 4.16 3.54 3.02 2.89
Fra 87 101.1 18.64 17.91 15.03 4.65 4.33 3.66 3.14 3.00
Raa 88 103.9 19.24 18.48 15.44 4.82 4.49 3.79 3.25 3.10
Aca 89 106.8 19.84 19.08 15.87 5.00 4.66 3.91 3.37 3.22
Tha 90 109.7 20.47 19.69 16.30 5.18 4.83 4.05 3.49 3.33
Paa 91 112.6 21.10 20.31 16.73 5.37 5.00 4.17 3.61 3.44
Ua 92 115.6 21.76 20.95 17.17 5.55 5.18 4.30 3.73 3.55
Npa 93 118.7 22.43 21.60 17.61 5.72 5.37 4.44 3.85 3.67
Pua 94 121.8 23.10 22.27 18.06 5.93 5.54 4.56 3.97 3.78
Ama 95 125.0 23.77 22.94 18.50 6.12 5.71 4.67 4.09 3.89
Cma 96 128.2 24.46 23.80 18.93 6.29 5.90 4.80 4.23 3.97
Bka 97 131.6 25.27 24.39 19.45 6.56 6.15 4.98 4.37 4.13
Cfa 98 136.0 26.11 25.25 19.93 6.75 6.36 5.11 4.50 4.25
Esa 99 139.5 26.90 26.02 20.41 6.98 6.57 5.25 4.63 4.37
Fma 100 143.1 27.70 26.81 20.90 7.21 6.79 5.40 4.77 4.50
a Additional absorption edges are present; see Refs. 3, 4.

CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
David R. Lide
Atomic
Through historical usage and, in some cases, action of standard- sharp boundaries between these regions, and usage varies. The
ization bodies, the electromagnetic spectrum has been divided exact relations between these parameters are:
into frequency bands or regions where the character of the radia-
tion is similar. Table 1 below shows a division into decade fre- ν = c/λ = ck
quency steps running from 3 Hz to 30 ZHz (30×1021 Hz), i.e., from λ = c/ν= 1/k
low radiofrequencies (RF) to γ-rays. The second column gives the k = ν/c = 1/λ
approximate wavelength range corresponding to each frequency c = speed of light = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s
range. The wavenumber range and approximate photon energy
range are also given. The last column gives the designation of each The major regions are illustrated graphically in Fig.1.
of the bands. The bands up to 3 THz frequency have been given The microwave region, which is usually considered to extend
letter designations by the International Telecommunication from about 1 GHz to 300 GHz, has been subdivided into several
Union (ITU), but it should be noted that many other designations bands that are given arbitrary letter designations. These bands,
are in use. The higher frequency regions are labeled by historical which are important in communications and radar technology,
terms like infrared (IR), visible, ultraviolet (UV), etc. There are no are listed in Table 2.
Table 1. Frequency, Wavelength, Wavenumber, and Energy Ranges of Radiation Bands in Decade Steps
Approximate
Frequency (ν) Wavelength (λ) Wave number (k) photon energy Names of bands
3 Hz – 30 Hz 108 – 107 m 10-8 – 10-7 m-1 ELF (ELF 1)
30 Hz – 300 Hz 107 – 106 m 10-7 – 10-6 m-1 SLF (ELF 2)
300 Hz – 3 kHz 106 – 105 m 10-6 – 10-5 m-1 ULF (ELF 3)
3 kHz – 30 kHz 100 km – 10 km 10-5 – 10-4 m-1 VLF
30 kHz – 300 kHz 10 km – 1 km 10-4 – 10-3 m-1 LF
300 kHz – 3 MHz 1 km – 100 m 10-3 – 10-2 m-1 MF
3 MHz – 30 MHz 100 m – 10 m 10-2 – 10-1 m-1 HF
30 MHz – 300 MHz 10 m – 1 m 10-1 – 100 m-1 VHF
300 MHz – 3 GHz 1 m – 100 mm 100 – 101 m-1 UHF
3 GHz – 30 GHz 100 mm – 10 mm 101 – 102 m-1 SHF, microwave
30 GHz – 300 GHz 100 mm –10 mm 1 - 10 cm-1 EHF, microwave
300 GHz – 3 THz 1 mm – 100 µm 10 – 100 cm-1 THF, far IR
3 THz – 30 THz 100 µm – 10 µm 100 – 1000 cm-1 Far IR, mid IR
30 THz – 300 THz 10 µm – 1 µm 1000 – 10,000 cm-1 0.1 eV – 1 eV Mid IR, near IR
300 THz – 3 PHz 1 µm – 100 nm 1 – 10 µm-1 1 eV – 10 eV Visible, near UV
3 PHz – 30 PHz 100 nm – 10 nm 10 – 100 µm-1 10 eV – 100 eV Far (vacuum) UV
30 PHz – 300 PHz 10 nm –1 nm 100 µm-1 – 1 nm-1 100 eV – 1 keV Soft x-ray
300 PHz – 3 EHz 1 nm – 100 pm 1 – 10 nm-1 1 keV – 10 keV Soft x-ray
3 EHz – 30 EHz 100 pm – 10 pm 10 – 100 nm-1 10 keV – 100 keV Hard x-ray, soft γ-ray
30 EHz – 300 EHz 10 pm – 1 pm 100 nm-1 – 1 pm-1 100 keV – 1 MeV Soft γ-ray, hard γ-ray
300 EHz – 3 ZHz 1 pm – 100 fm 1 – 10 pm-1 1 MeV – 10 MeV Hard γ-ray, cosmic γ-ray
3 ZHz – 30 ZHz 100 pm – 10 fm 10 – 100 pm-1 10 Mev – 100 MeV Cosmic γ-ray
Abbreviations for radio frequency bands: EHF–extremely high frequency; ELF–extremely low frequency; HF–high frequency; ITU–International Telecommunications
Union; LF–low frequency; MF–medium frequency; SHF–super high frequency; SLF–super low frequency; UHF–ultra high frequency; ULF–ultra low frequency; VHF–
very high frequency; VLF–very low frequency.
Table 2. Designations of Microwave Bands (IEEE Standard 521-1984)

Band Frequency (GHz) Wavelength (cm) Wavenumber (cm-1)
L 1—2 30—15 0.033—0.067
S 2—4 15—7.5 0.067—0.133
C 4—8 7.5—3.7 0.133—0.267
X 8—12 3.7—2.5 0.267—0.4
Ku 12—18 2.5—1.7 0.4—0.6
K 18—27 1.7—1.1 0.6—0.9
Ka 27—40 1.1—0.75 0.9—1.33
V 40—75 0.75—0.40 1.33—2.5
W 75—110 0.40—0.27 2.5—3.7
10-242

Classification of Electromagnetic Radiation 10-243
FIGURE 1. Subdivisions of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Atomic
0.38 0.76 2 4 10 µm
Short- Medium- Long-

Visible
Wave Wave Wave
Light
IR IR IR
Gamma Ultraviolet Infrared

X-Rays Microwave Radiowave
Rays Rays Rays
1 nm 1 µm 1 mm 1m 1 km
Wavelength
UVC UVB UVA
100 280 315 400 nm

SENSITIVITY OF THE HUMAN EYE TO LIGHT OF DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS
References
Atomic
The human eye responds to electromagnetic radiation in the

wavelength range from about 360 nm (violet) to 820 nm (red), with
a peak sensitivity near 555 nm (green). While the detailed shape of 1. The Basis for Physical Photometry, CIE Publication #18.2, 1983.
this response curve depends on the individual person, studies on 2. CIE Standard Colorimetric Observers, ISO/CIE #10527, 1991.
3. Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants, Sixteenth
representative samples of human subjects have led to adoption of
Edition, Longman Group Ltd., Harlow, Essex, 1995.
a standard function relating the perceived brightness (luminous
flux) to the actual power of the spectral radiation. This function is
referred to as V(λ), the photopic spectral luminous efficiency func-
tion, and it plays an important role in photometry.
The function V(λ), as adopted by the International Commission
on Illumination (CIE), is tabulated and plotted below.
λ/nm V(λ) λ/nm V(λ) λ/nm V(λ)

360 0.000004 520 0.710000 670 0.032000
370 0.000012 530 0.862000 680 0.017000
380 0.000039 540 0.954000 690 0.008210
390 0.000120 550 0.994950 700 0.004102
400 0.000396 555 1.000000 710 0.002091
410 0.001210 560 0.995000 720 0.001047
420 0.004000 570 0.952000 730 0.000520
430 0.011600 580 0.870000 740 0.000249
440 0.023000 590 0.757000 750 0.000120
450 0.038000 600 0.631000 760 0.000060
460 0.060000 610 0.503000 770 0.000030
470 0.090980 620 0.381000 780 0.000015
480 0.139020 630 0.265000 790 0.000007
490 0.208020 640 0.175000 800 0.000004
500 0.323000 650 0.107000 810 0.000002
510 0.503000 660 0.061000
λ/nm V(λ)
820 0.000001
10-244

BLACKBODY RADIATION
Atomic
The total power radiated from an ideal blackbody and the Pmax = 0.657548 (∆λ/λmax) Ptot
wavelength corresponding to maximum power are given here as
a function of absolute temperature. The radiated power in a band
∆λ at λmax may be calculated from:
Total Power and Wavelength of Maximum Power as a Function of Temperature
T/K Ptot Units λmax/µm T/K Ptot Units λmax/µm T/K Ptot Units λmax/µm
50 0.354398 W/m2 57.955 720 15.2385 kW/m2 4.025 1440 243.816 kW/m2 2.012
100 5.67037 W/m2 28.978 730 16.1029 kW/m2 3.970 1460 257.646 kW/m2 1.985
150 28.7063 W/m2 19.318 740 17.0035 kW/m2 3.916 1480 272.056 kW/m2 1.958
200 90.7260 W/m2 14.489 750 17.9414 kW/m2 3.864 1500 287.063 kW/m2 1.932
250 221.499 W/m2 11.591 760 18.9176 kW/m2 3.813 1520 302.682 kW/m2 1.906
273 314.965 W/m2 10.614 770 19.9331 kW/m2 3.763 1540 318.929 kW/m2 1.882
280 348.533 W/m2 10.349 780 20.9889 kW/m2 3.715 1560 335.823 kW/m2 1.858
290 401.055 W/m2 9.992 790 22.0861 kW/m2 3.668 1580 353.378 kW/m2 1.834
300 459.300 W/m2 9.659 800 23.2258 kW/m2 3.622 1600 371.614 kW/m2 1.811
310 523.671 W/m2 9.348 810 24.4091 kW/m2 3.577 1620 390.546 kW/m2 1.789
320 594.582 W/m2 9.055 820 25.6370 kW/m2 3.534 1640 410.192 kW/m2 1.767
330 672.461 W/m2 8.781 830 26.9106 kW/m2 3.491 1660 430.570 kW/m2 1.746
340 757.752 W/m2 8.523 840 28.2312 kW/m2 3.450 1680 451.699 kW/m2 1.725
350 850.910 W/m2 8.279 850 29.5997 kW/m2 3.409 1700 473.595 kW/m2 1.705
360 952.405 W/m2 8.049 860 31.0174 kW/m2 3.369 1720 496.278 kW/m2 1.685
370 1.06272 kW/m2 7.832 870 32.4854 kW/m2 3.331 1740 519.767 kW/m2 1.665
380 1.18235 kW/m2 7.626 880 34.0050 kW/m2 3.293 1760 544.079 kW/m2 1.646
390 1.31181 kW/m2 7.430 890 35.5772 kW/m2 3.256 1780 569.235 kW/m2 1.628
400 1.45162 kW/m2 7.244 900 37.2033 kW/m2 3.220 1800 595.253 kW/m2 1.610
410 1.60231 kW/m2 7.068 910 38.8846 kW/m2 3.184 1820 622.153 kW/m2 1.592
420 1.76445 kW/m2 6.899 920 40.6222 kW/m2 3.150 1840 649.954 kW/m2 1.575
430 1.93859 kW/m2 6.739 930 42.4173 kW/m2 3.116 1860 678.677 kW/m2 1.558
440 2.12531 kW/m2 6.586 940 44.2714 kW/m2 3.083 1880 708.342 kW/m2 1.541
450 2.32521 kW/m2 6.439 950 46.1855 kW/m2 3.050 1900 738.969 kW/m2 1.525
460 2.53888 kW/m2 6.299 960 48.1611 kW/m2 3.018 1920 770.578 kW/m2 1.509
470 2.76696 kW/m2 6.165 970 50.1994 kW/m2 2.987 1940 803.190 kW/m2 1.494
480 3.01007 kW/m2 6.037 980 52.3017 kW/m2 2.957 1960 836.827 kW/m2 1.478
490 3.26886 kW/m2 5.914 990 54.4694 kW/m2 2.927 1980 871.510 kW/m2 1.464
500 3.54398 kW/m2 5.796 1000 56.7037 kW/m2 2.898 2000 907.260 kW/m2 1.449
510 3.83612 kW/m2 5.682 1020 61.3779 kW/m2 2.841 2020 944.098 kW/m2 1.435
520 4.14596 kW/m2 5.573 1040 66.3353 kW/m2 2.786 2040 982.047 kW/m2 1.420
530 4.47420 kW/m2 5.467 1060 71.5872 kW/m2 2.734 2060 1.02113 MW/m2 1.407
540 4.82155 kW/m2 5.366 1080 77.1448 kW/m2 2.683 2080 1.06137 MW/m2 1.393
550 5.18875 kW/m2 5.269 1100 83.0199 kW/m2 2.634 2100 1.10278 MW/m2 1.380
560 5.57653 kW/m2 5.175 1120 89.2244 kW/m2 2.587 2120 1.14539 MW/m2 1.367
570 5.98565 kW/m2 5.084 1140 95.7703 kW/m2 2.542 2140 1.18923 MW/m2 1.354
580 6.41688 kW/m2 4.996 1160 102.670 kW/m2 2.498 2160 1.23432 MW/m2 1.342
590 6.87100 kW/m2 4.911 1180 109.936 kW/m2 2.456 2180 1.28067 MW/m2 1.329
600 7.34880 kW/m2 4.830 1200 117.581 kW/m2 2.415 2200 1.32832 MW/m2 1.317
610 7.85111 kW/m2 4.750 1220 125.618 kW/m2 2.375 2220 1.37728 MW/m2 1.305
620 8.37873 kW/m2 4.674 1240 134.060 kW/m2 2.337 2240 1.42759 MW/m2 1.294
630 8.93252 kW/m2 4.600 1260 142.920 kW/m2 2.300 2260 1.47926 MW/m2 1.282
640 9.51331 kW/m2 4.528 1280 152.213 kW/m2 2.264 2280 1.53233 MW/m2 1.271
650 10.1220 kW/m2 4.458 1300 161.952 kW/m2 2.229 2300 1.58680 MW/m2 1.260
660 10.7594 kW/m2 4.391 1320 172.150 kW/m2 2.195 2320 1.64272 MW/m2 1.249
670 11.4264 kW/m2 4.325 1340 182.823 kW/m2 2.163 2340 1.70010 MW/m2 1.238
680 12.1240 kW/m2 4.261 1360 193.985 kW/m2 2.131 2360 1.75897 MW/m2 1.228
690 12.8531 kW/m2 4.200 1380 205.650 kW/m2 2.100 2380 1.81936 MW/m2 1.218
700 13.6146 kW/m2 4.140 1400 217.833 kW/m2 2.070 2400 1.88129 MW/m2 1.207
710 14.4094 kW/m2 4.081 1420 230.550 kW/m2 2.041 2420 1.94479 MW/m2 1.197
10-245

10-246 Blackbody Radiation
T/K Ptot Units λmax/µm T/K Ptot Units λmax/µm T/K Ptot Units λmax/µm
2440 2.00988 MW/m2 1.188 3400 7.57752 MW/m2 0.852 4900 32.6886 MW/m2 0.591
2460 2.07660 MW/m2 1.178 3450 8.03319 MW/m2 0.840 5000 35.4398 MW/m2 0.580
Atomic
2480 2.14496 MW/m2 1.168 3500 8.50910 MW/m2 0.828 5100 38.3612 MW/m2 0.568
2500 2.21499 MW/m2 1.159 3550 9.00586 MW/m2 0.816 5200 41.4596 MW/m2 0.557
2550 2.39758 MW/m2 1.136 3600 9.52405 MW/m2 0.805 5300 44.7420 MW/m2 0.547
2600 2.59122 MW/m2 1.115 3650 10.0643 MW/m2 0.794 5400 48.2155 MW/m2 0.537
2650 2.79637 MW/m2 1.093 3700 10.6272 MW/m2 0.783 5500 51.8875 MW/m2 0.527
2700 3.01347 MW/m2 1.073 3750 11.2134 MW/m2 0.773 5600 55.7653 MW/m2 0.517
2750 3.24297 MW/m2 1.054 3800 11.8235 MW/m2 0.763 5700 59.8565 MW/m2 0.508
2800 3.48533 MW/m2 1.035 3850 12.4582 MW/m2 0.753 5800 64.1688 MW/m2 0.500
2850 3.74103 MW/m2 1.017 3900 13.1181 MW/m2 0.743 5900 68.7100 MW/m2 0.491
2900 4.01055 MW/m2 0.999 3950 13.8038 MW/m2 0.734 6000 73.4880 MW/m2 0.483
2950 4.29437 MW/m2 0.982 4000 14.5162 MW/m2 0.724 6500 101.220 MW/m2 0.446
3000 4.59300 MW/m2 0.966 4100 16.0231 MW/m2 0.707 7000 136.146 MW/m2 0.414
3050 4.90694 MW/m2 0.950 4200 17.6445 MW/m2 0.690 7500 179.414 MW/m2 0.386
3100 5.23671 MW/m2 0.935 4300 19.3859 MW/m2 0.674 8000 232.258 MW/m2 0.362
3150 5.58282 MW/m2 0.920 4400 21.2531 MW/m2 0.659 8500 295.997 MW/m2 0.341
3200 5.94582 MW/m2 0.906 4500 23.2521 MW/m2 0.644 9000 372.033 MW/m2 0.322
3250 6.32623 MW/m2 0.892 4600 25.3888 MW/m2 0.630
9500 461.855 MW/m2 0.305
3300 6.72461 MW/m2 0.878 4700 27.6696 MW/m2 0.617
10000 567.037 MW/m2 0.290
3350 7.14152 MW/m2 0.865 4800 30.1007 MW/m2 0.604
The curves below show, for various temperatures, the frac- plotted is Pλ/∆λPtot, where Pλ is the power at wavelength λ in a
tion of radiant power as a function of wavelength. The function small interval ∆λ (in µm), and Ptot is the total power.
0.25
0.20
Fraction of Radiant Power
1000 K
0.15
0.10 500 K
300 K
0.05
200 K
100 K
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Wavelength in µm

CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED DETECTORS
Atomic
This graph summarizes the wavelength response of some semi- and Te (three examples are shown at 77 K). The graph also shows
conductors used as detectors for infrared radiation. The quantity the theoretical background limited sensitivity for ideal detectors
D*(λ) is the signal-to-noise ratio for an incident radiant power den- which introduce no intrinsic noise.
sity of 1 W/cm2 and a bandwidth of 1 Hz (60° field of view). The
Ge, InAs, and InSb detectors are photovoltaics, while the HgCdTe
series are photoconductive devices. The cutoff wavelength of the
Reference
latter can be varied by adjusting the relative amounts of Hg, Cd, Infrared Detectors 1995, EG&G Judson, Montgomeryville, PA.
1014
Ge 77 K
13
10
Ideal Photovoltaic
(BLIP Limit)
Ge -30°C
1012
Ideal Photoconductor
(BLIP Limit)
InAs 77 K
InSb 77 K
D*(λ)
11 Ge 22°C
10
HgCdTe -55°C
HgCdTe 77 K
1010 HgCdTe 77 K
InAs -30°C
HgCdTe 77 K Doped Ge 4 K
109
InAs 22°C
8 HgCdTe -75°C
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 20 30
Wavelength (µm)
10-247

INDEX OF REFRACTION OF INORGANIC CRYSTALS
Atomic
This table lists the index of refraction of selected crystalline References

inorganic compounds. When available, values are given as a
function of wavelength in the range from the ultraviolet to the 1. Li, H. H., “Refractive Index of Alkali Halides and its Wavelength and
far infrared region. For most compounds a value at 589 nm, Temperature Derivatives,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 5, 329, 1976.
the wavelength of the principal sodium line, is given. The data 2. Li, H. H., “Refractive Index of Alkaline Earth Halides and its Wave-
length and Temperature Derivatives,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 9,
have been taken from the references indicated; in many cases,
161, 1980.
data from a reference have been refitted to generate the index of 3. Li, H. H., “Refractive Index of ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe and its Wave-
refraction at the wavelengths used in this table. All values refer to length and Temperature Derivatives,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 13,
ambient temperature. Entries marked by * are based on extrapo- 103, 1984.
lation beyond the range of available experimental data. 4. Shannon, R. D., Shannon, R. C., Medenbach, O., and Fischer, R. X.,
Compounds belonging to the cubic crystal system have only a “Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides,” J. Phys.
single refractive index value, but other systems are anisotropic, so Chem. Ref. Data 31, 931, 2002.
that the crystal is characterized by two or three unique indexes. 5. Gray, D. E., ed., American Institute of Physics Handbook, Sec. 6b, pp.
6–12, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1972.
Hexagonal, rhombohedral, and tetragonal crystals have two
6. Landolt-Börnstein Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in
unique indexes that are traditionally labeled no and ne for “ordi- Science and Technology, III/11, Elastic, Piezoelectric, Pyroelectric,
nary ray” and “extraordinary ray.” Orthorhombic, monoclinic, Piezooptic, Electrooptic Constants, and Nonlinear Dielectric Suscep-
and triclinic crystals are characterized by three indexes that here tibilities of Crystals, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1979.
are called n x, ny, and nz. The table indicates the crystal system for 7. Landolt-Börnstein Numerical Data and Functional Relationships
each entry in order to identify the material uniquely. in Science and Technology, III/30A, High Frequency Properties of
Compounds are listed in order of their common formula. Dielectric Crystals. Piezooptic and Electrooptic Constants, Springer-
The refractive index and other optical properties for metals, Verlag, Berlin, 1996.
semiconductors, and certain other compounds can be found in 8. Weber, M. J., CRC Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, Vol.
IV. Optical Materials. Part 2: Properties, CRC Press, Boca Raton,
the tables “Optical Properties of Selected Elements” and “Optical FL, 1986.
Properties of Selected Inorganic and Organic Solids” in Section
12 of this Handbook.
Index of Refraction at the Indicated Wavelength

Cryst. n n n n n n n n n
Formula syst. Ray (200 nm) (300 nm) (589 nm) (750 nm) (1 μm) (2 μm) (5 μm) (10 μm) (20 μm) Ref.
AgCl cub n 2.0668 2.0401 2.0224 2.0062 1.9975 1.9803 1.9069 5
AlPO4 rhomb no 1.5247 1.5203 1.5161 1.5034 6
AlPO4 rhomb ne 1.5338 1.5290 1.5245 1.5116 6
Al2O3 hex no 1.7673 4
Al2O3 hex ne 1.7598 4
As2O3a cub n 1.7537 4
BaF2 cub n 1.557 1.5010 1.4744 1.4712 1.4686 1.4647 1.4511 1.4014 2
BaO cub n 1.9841 4
BaSO4 orth nx 1.6362 4
BaSO4 orth ny 1.6374 4
BaSO4 orth nz 1.6480 4
BaTiO3 tetr no 2.4405 4
BaTiO3 tetr ne 2.3831 4
BaWO4 tetr no 1.8426 4
BaWO4 tetr ne 1.8405 4
BeO hex no 1.7184 4
BeO hex ne 1.7342 4
BeSO4·4H2O tetr no 1.4713 4
BeSO4·4H2O tetr ne 1.4328 4
CaCO3b hex no 1.9028 1.7216 1.6584 1.6503 1.6436 1.6249 5
CaCO3b hex ne 1.5765 1.5145 1.4864 1.4828 1.4801 1.4753 5
CaF2 cub n 1.495 1.4540 1.4338 1.4311 1.4289 1.4239 1.3990 1.299 2
CaO cub n 1.8396 4
CaSO4 orth nx 1.5698 4
CaSO4 orth ny 1.5755 4
CaSO4 orth nz 1.6137 4
CaSO4·2H2O monocl nx 1.5207 4
CaSO4·2H2O monocl ny 1.5227 4
CaSO4·2H2O monocl nz 1.5304 4
10-248

Index of Refraction of Inorganic Crystals 10-249
CaWO4 tetr no 1.9195 4
Atomic
CaWO4 tetr ne 1.9355 4
CdS hex no 2.507 2.390 2.334 5
CdS hex ne 2.525 2.409 2.352 5
CdSe hex no 2.68* 2.5502 2.4682 2.4483 2.4331 7
CdSe hex ne 2.69* 2.5696 2.4873 2.4676 2.4514 7
CdTe cub n 2.6724 2.6302 7
CeF3 hex no 1.6183 4
CeF3 hex ne 1.6113 4
CsBr cub n 1.8047 1.6974 1.6861 1.6784 1.6711 1.6678 1.6630 1.6439 1
CsCl cub n 1.937 1.712 1.640 1.631 1.626 1.620 1.616 1.606 1.563 1
CsClO4 orth nx 1.4752 4
CsClO4 orth ny 1.4788 4
CsClO4 orth nz 1.4804 4
CsF cub n 1.575* 1.506 1.477 1.474 1.472 1.469* 1.461* 1.436* 1.32* 1
CsI cub n 1.9790 1.7873 1.7694 1.7576 1.7465 1.7428 1.7396 1.7280 1
Cs2SO4 orth nx 1.5598 4
Cs2SO4 orth ny 1.5644 4
Cs2SO4 orth nz 1.5662 4
CuBr cub n 2.117 7
CuCl cub n 1.9727 1.9391 1.9245 7
CuSO4·5H2O tricl nx 1.5140 4
CuSO4·5H2O tricl ny 1.5367 4
CuSO4·5H2O tricl nz 1.5436 4
Dy2O3 cub n 1.9757 4
FeF2 tetr no 1.514 4
FeF2 tetr ne 1.524 4
Gd2O3 cub n 1.96 4
HgS rhomb no 2.9413 2.7770 2.7120 2.6305 2.6018 6
HgS rhomb ne 3.3072 3.0896 3.0050 2.8776 2.8522 6
KBr cub n 2.099* 1.6482 1.5598 1.5498 1.5444 1.5383 1.5345 1.5264 1.4924 1
KCl cub n 1.717 1.5455 1.4902 1.4840 1.4798 1.4753 1.4704 1.4564 1.3946 1
KClO4 orth nx 1.4730 4
KClO4 orth ny 1.4736 4
KClO4 orth nz 1.4768 4
KF cub n 1.426 1.380 1.362 1.360 1.358 1.355 1.344 1.304* 1.09* 1
KH2AsO4 tetr no 1.5674 7
KH2AsO4 tetr ne 1.5179 7
KH2PO4 tetr no 1.617* 1.5450 1.5093 1.5030 1.4957 5
KH2PO4 tetr ne 1.558* 1.4977 1.4682 1.4641 1.4606 5
KI cub n 1.834* 1.665 1.650 1.640 1.631 1.627 1.620 1.593 1
KIO3 tricl nx 1.6959 7
KIO3 tricl ny 1.8317 7
KIO3 tricl nz 1.8343 7
KIO4 tetr no 1.6205 4
KIO4 tetr ne 1.6476 4
KNbO3 orth nx 2.2480 2.3395 2.2612 7
KNbO3 orth ny 2.3464 2.2959 2.2622 7
KNbO3 orth nx 2.1803 2.1457 2.1288 7
K2SO4 orth nx 1.4934 4
K2SO4 orth ny 1.4947 4
K2SO4 orth nz 1.4973 4
LaF3 hex no 1.605 4
LaF3 hex ne 1.599 4
LiBr cub n 1.92* 1.810 1.783 1.781 1.778 1.774* 1.756* 1.68* 1.33 1
LiCl cub n 1.72 1.677 1.662 1.660 1.658 1.654* 1.62* 1.53* 1
LiClO4·3H2O hex no 1.4832 4
LiClO4·3H2O hex ne 1.4384 4
LiF cub n 1.439 1.4087 1.3921 1.3895 1.3871 1.3786 1.3266 1.1005 1
LiI cub n 1.979 1.955 1.952 1.950 1.948* 1.940* 1.91* 1.77* 1
LiIO3 hex no 1.8875 1.8713 1.8589 1.8410 6

10-250 Index of Refraction of Inorganic Crystals
LiIO3 hex ne 1.7400 1.7268 1.7179 1.7062 6
Atomic
LiNbO3 rhomb no 2.3007 2.2632 2.2370 7

LiNbO3 rhomb ne 2.2116 2.1804 2.1567 7
LiTaO3 rhomb no 2.1864 2.1590 2.1391 2.1066 7
LiTaO3 rhomb ne 2.1908 2.1634 2.1432 2.1115 7
Li2SO4·H2O monocl nx 1.4615 4
Li2SO4·H2O monocl ny 1.4765 4
Li2SO4·H2O monocl nz 1.4863 4
Lu2O3 cub n 1.9349 4
MgF2 tetr no 1.423 1.3930 1.3776 1.375 1.373 1.368 1.34 1.21 2
MgF2 tetr ne 1.436 1.4055 1.3894 1.387 1.385 1.379 1.34 1.21 2
MgO cub n 1.7355 1.7283 1.7228 1.7084 1.6361 5
MgSO4·7H2O orth nx 1.4326 4
MgSO4·7H2O orth ny 1.4555 4
MgSO4·7H2O orth nz 1.4607 4
MnF2 tetr no 1.472 4
MnF2 tetr ne 1.501 4
NaBr cub n 1.748 1.642 1.631 1.623 1.616 1.609 1.593* 1.520* 1
NaBrO3 cub n 1.6168 4
NaCl cub n 1.789* 1.6066 1.5441 1.5369 1.5320 1.5265 1.5188 1.4947 1.382* 1
NaClO3 cub n 1.5151 7
NaF cub n 1.383 1.3424 1.3252 1.3231 1.3214 1.3179 1.3017 1.2400 1
NaH2PO4·2H2O orth nx 1.4400 7
NaH2PO4·2H2O orth ny 1.4628 7
NaH2PO4·2H2O orth nz 1.4814 7
NaI cub n 1.93* 1.774 1.758 1.74 1.73* 1.73* 1.71* 1.66* 1
NaNO2 orth nx 1.6547 7
NaNO2 orth ny 1.3455 7
NaNO2 orth nz 1.4125 7
NaNO3 rhomb no 1.5840 5
NaNO3 rhomb ne 1.3340 5
Na2HPO4·7H2O monocl nx 1.4411 4
Na2HPO4·7H2O monocl ny 1.4423 4
Na2HPO4·7H2O monocl nz 1.4525 4
Na2SO4 orth nx 1.4669 4
Na2SO4 orth ny 1.4730 4
Na2SO4 orth nz 1.4809 4
Nd2O3 cub n 1.92 4
NdF3 hex no 1.6191 4
NdF3 hex ne 1.6132 4
NH4H2AsO4 tetr no 1.6401 1.5777 1.5704 1.5583 7
NH4H2AsO4 tetr ne 1.5754 1.5232 1.5179 1.5101 7
NH4H2PO4 tetr no 1.5668 1.5247 1.5187 1.5084 7
NH4H2PO4 tetr ne 1.5137 1.4797 1.4754 1.4694 7
NiF2 tetr no 1.526 4
NiF2 tetr ne 1.561 4
NiSO4·6H2O tetr no 1.5107 4
NiSO4·6H2O tetr ne 1.4870 4
PbF2 cub n 1.94* 1.767 1.754 1.745 1.73 1.70 1.66 1.32 5
PbSO4 orth nx 1.8780 4
PbSO4 orth ny 1.8834 4
PbSO4 orth nz 1.8945 4
PrF3 hex no 1.6207 4
PrF3 hex ne 1.6146 4
RbBr cub n 1.639 1.553 1.544 1.538 1.532 1.530 1.525 1.505* 1
RbCl cub n 1.738 1.549 1.493 1.487 1.483 1.479 1.475 1.465 1.424* 1
RbClO4 orth nx 1.4691 4
RbClO4 orth ny 1.4701 4
RbClO4 orth nz 1.4732 4
RbF cub n 1.50* 1.428* 1.397 1.394 1.391 1.388 1.379 1.346 1.19* 1
RbH2AsO4 tetr no 1.6183 1.5603 1.5538 1.5432 7

Index of Refraction of Inorganic Crystals 10-251
RbH2AsO4 tetr ne 1.5718 1.5232 1.5184 1.5121 7
Atomic
RbH2PO4 tetr no 1.5434 1.5078 1.5021 1.4941 7
RbH2PO4 tetr ne 1.5106 1.4791 1.4754 1.4704 7
RbI cub n 1.808 1.647 1.633 1.623 1.615 1.612 1.608 1.595 1
Rb2SO4 orth nx 1.5131 4
Rb2SO4 orth ny 1.5133 4
Rb2SO4 orth nz 1.5144 4
Sb2O3c cub n 2.8017 4
Sc2O3 cub n 1.9943 4
SiO2d hex no 1.6493 1.5733 1.5442 1.5394 1.5350 1.5209 5
SiO2d hex ne 1.6605 1.5882 1.5534 1.5484 1.5438 1.5291 5
SnO2 tetr no 1.993 4
SnO2 tetr ne 2.088 4
SrF2 cub n 1.50 1.459 1.4380 1.435 1.433 1.429 1.412 1.35 2
SrO cub n 1.8710 4
SrSO4 orth nx 1.6214 4
SrSO4 orth ny 1.6231 4
SrSO4 orth nz 1.6303 4
SrTiO3 cub n 2.4082 2.3525 2.3160 2.2676 2.1205 5
SrWO4 tetr no 1.8618 4
SrWO4 tetr ne 1.8719 4
TbF3 hex no 1.6034 4
TbF3 hex ne 1.5603 4
TeO2 tetr no 2.2738 2.2080 7
TeO2 tetr ne 2.4295 2.3520 7
ThO2 cub n 2.1113 4
TiO2e tetr no 2.614 2.533 2.485 2.399 2.290 5
TiO2e tetr ne 2.900 2.805 2.748 5
TiO2j tetr no 2.562 4
TiO2j tetr ne 2.489 4
Tl2SO4 orth nx 1.8604 4
Tl2SO4 orth ny 1.8676 4
Tl2SO4 orth nz 1.8857 4
TlBr cub n 2.418 2.350 2.289 2.103 1.984 2.339 2.322 5
TlCl cub n 2.247 2.198 2.145 1.986 1.891 2.193 5
TlClO4 orth nx 1.6427 4
TlClO4 orth ny 1.6446 4
TlClO4 orth nz 1.6542 4
Y2O3 cub n 1.930 4
Yb2O3 cub n 1.9468 4
ZnF2 tetr no 1.495 4
ZnF2 tetr ne 1.525 4
ZnO hex no 2.0036 1.9662 1.9435 1.9197 7
ZnO hex ne 2.0199 1.9821 1.9589 1.9330 7
ZnSf cub n 2.3691 2.3232 2.2932 2.2633 7
ZnSg hex no 2.372 2.331 2.303 2.26 2.25 2.20 3,5
ZnSg hex ne 2.368 2.327 2.301 5
ZnSe cub n 2.6222 2.5384 2.4888 2.4462 2.4296 2.4065 3
ZnTe cub n 3.060 2.880 2.789 2.719 2.698 2.684 3
ZrSiO4h tetr no 1.9255 4
ZrSiO4h tetr ne 1.9843 4
* Provisional value based on extrapolation beyond the range of experimental data.
a Arsenolite
b Calcite
c Senarmontite
d α-Quartz
e Rutile
f Sphalerite
g Wurtzite
h Zircon
j Anatase

REFRACTIVE INDEX AND TRANSMITTANCE OF REPRESENTATIVE GLASSES
Atomic
Typical values of the index of refraction and internal trans- References

mittance (fraction of light transmitted through a one centimeter
thickness) are tabulated here for selected types of glasses, as well 1. Weber, M. J., CRC Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, Vol.
as for synthetic fused (vitreous) silica. Nominal compositions are IV, Part 2, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1988.
given in the first part of the table. The second part gives the index 2. Gray, D. E., Ed., American Institute of Physics Handbook, Third Edi-
tion, McGraw Hill, New York, 1972.
of refraction, relative to air, and the internal transmittance for rep-
3. Schott Optical Glass, Schott Glass Technologies, Inc., 400 York Ave.,
resentative samples of each glass at wavelengths in the infrared, Duryea, PA.
visible, and near-ultraviolet regions. It should be emphasized that a 4. Kaye, G. W. C., and Laby, T. H., Tables of Physical and Chemical
wide variation of these parameters may be found among subtypes Constants, 15th Edition, Longman, London, 1986.
of each glass. More detailed data may be found in Reference 3.
Assuming that the Lambert-Beer Law is followed, the transmit-
tance of a glass plate of thickness d (in centimeters) can be obtained
by raising the transmittance value in the table to the power d.
Glass Composition in Percent by Mass
Type Name SiO2 B2O3 Al2O3 Na2O K2O CaO BaO ZnO PbO P2O5
PK Phosphate crown 3 10 12 5 70
PSK Dense phosphate crown 3 5 4 28 60
BK Borosilicate crown 70 10 8 8 1 3
K Crown 74 9 11 6
ZK Zinc crown 71 17 12
BaK Barium crown 60 3 3 10 19 5
SK Dense crown 39 15 5 41
KF Crown flint 67 2 16 3 12
BaLF Barium light flint 51 6 5 20 14 4
SSK Extra dense crown 35 10 5 42 8
LLF Extra light flint 63 5 8 24
BaF Barium flint 46 8 16 8 22
LF Light flint 53 5 8 34
F Flint 47 2 7 44
BaSF Dense barium flint 43 1 7 11 5 33
SF Dense flint 33 5 62
KzFS Short flint
SiO2 Fused silica 100
Refractive Index and Transmittance of a 1 cm Plate at the Specified Wavelength

Refractive Refractive Refractive Refractive
index at index at index at index at Transmittance Transmittance Transmittance Transmittance
Type 1.060 µm 546.1 nm 365.0 nm 312.6 nm at 1.060 µm at 546.1 nm at 365.0 nm at 310 nm
PK 1.51519 1.52736 1.54503 1.5574 0.997 0.998 0.987 0.46
PSK 1.54154 1.55440 1.57342 1.5868 0.996 0.998 0.984 0.46
BK 1.50669 1.51872 1.53627 1.5486 0.999 0.998 0.987 0.35
K 1.50091 1.51314 1.53189 1.5454 0.998 0.998 0.988 0.40
ZK 1.52220 1.53534 1.55588 1.5708 0.996 0.998 0.976 0.27
BaK 1.55695 1.57124 1.59407 1.6108 0.998 0.997 0.986 0.28
SK 1.59490 1.60994 1.63398 0.998 0.998 0.959 0.28
KF 1.50586 1.51978 1.54251 1.5600 0.998 0.996 0.989 0.49
BaLF 1.57579 1.59166 1.61804 0.996 0.998 0.933 0.010
SSK 1.60402 1.61993 1.64595 0.999 0.998 0.915 0.010
LaK 1.69710 1.71616 1.74573 0.999 0.998 0.882 0.17
LLF 1.52775 1.54344 1.57038 0.998 0.997 0.990 0.32
BaF 1.56873 1.58565 1.61524 0.999 0.997 0.992 0.004
LF 1.56594 1.58482 1.61926 0.999 0.998 0.981 0.008
F 1.58636 1.60718 1.64606 0.997 0.998 0.959
BaSF 1.60889 1.62987 1.66926 0.999 0.998 0.857
SF 1.71350 1.74620 1.8145 0.998 0.997 0.650
KzFS 1.59680 1.61639 1.64849 1.6739 0.998 0.672 0.012
SiO2 1.44968 1.46008 1.47435a 1.53430b
a At 366.3 nm.
b At 213.9 nm.
10-252

INDEX OF REFRACTION OF WATER
Index of Refraction of Water as a Function of Wavelength
Atomic
This table gives the index of refraction of liquid water at atmo-
spheric pressure, relative to a vacuum, at several temperatures and
wavelengths. It is generated from the formulation in Reference 1, 226.50 361.05 404.41 589.00 632.80 1.01398
t/°C nm nm nm nm nm µm
which covers a wide range of temperature, pressure, and wave-
0 1.39450 1.34896 1.34415 1.33432 1.33306 1.32612
length. The wavelengths listed here correspond to prominent
10 1.39422 1.34870 1.34389 1.33408 1.33282 1.32591
lines of cadmium (226.50 and 361.05 nm), potassium (404.41 nm),
20 1.39336 1.34795 1.34315 1.33336 1.33211 1.32524
sodium (589.00 nm), Ne (632.80 nm, from a helium - neon laser),
30 1.39208 1.34682 1.34205 1.33230 1.33105 1.32424
and mercury (1.01398 µm).
40 1.39046 1.34540 1.34065 1.33095 1.32972 1.32296
50 1.38854 1.34373 1.33901 1.32937 1.32814 1.32145
References 60 1.38636 1.34184 1.33714 1.32757 1.32636 1.31974
70 1.38395 1.33974 1.33508 1.32559 1.32438 1.31784
1. Schiebener, P., Straub, J., Levelt Sengers, J. M. H., and Gallagher, J. S.,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 19, 677, 1990; 19, 1617, 1990. 80 1.38132 1.33746 1.33284 1.32342 1.32223 1.31576
2. Marsh, K. N., Editor, Recommended Reference Materials for the 90 1.37849 1.33501 1.33042 1.32109 1.31991 1.31353
Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Scientific Pub- 100 1.37547 1.33239 1.32784 1.31861 1.31744 1.31114
lications, Oxford, 1987.
10-253

INDEX OF REFRACTION OF LIQUIDS FOR CALIBRATION PURPOSES
Atomic
This table gives the index of refraction of six liquids that are Full details are given in the references. This table is reprinted
available in highly pure form and whose index of refraction has from Reference 1 by permission of the International Union of
been accurately measured as a function of wavelength and tem- Pure and Applied Chemistry.
perature. They are therefore useful for calibration of refractom-
eters. The estimated uncertainty in the values is:
References
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane ±0.00003
1. Marsh, K. N., Editor, Recommended Reference Materials for the
Hexadecane ±0.00008 Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Scientific Pub-
trans-Decahydronaphthalene ±0.00008 lications, Oxford, 1987.
1-Methylnaphthalene ±0.00008 2. Tilton, L. W., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 32, 71, 1941.
Toluene ±0.00003
Methylcyclohexane ±0.00003
Index of Refraction at 20 °C
Name 667.81 nm 656.28 nm 589.26 nm 546.07 nm 501.57 nm 486.13 nm 435.83 nm
trans-Decahydronaphthalene 1.46654 1.46688 1.46932 1.47141 1.47420 1.47535 1.48011
Hexadecane 1.43204 1.43235 1.43453 1.43640 1.43888 1.43993 1.44419
Methylcyclohexane 1.42064 1.42094 1.42312 1.42497 1.42744 1.42847 1.43269
1-Methylnaphthalene 1.60828 1.60940 1.61755 1.62488 1.63513 1.63958
Toluene 1.4918 1.49243 1.49693 1.50086 1.50620 1.50847 1.51800
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 1.38916 1.38945 1.39145 1.39316 1.39544 1.39639 1.40029
Hexadecane 1.43001 1.43032 1.43250 1.43436 1.43684 1.43788 1.44213
1-Methylnaphthalene 1.60592 1.60703 1.61512 1.62240 1.63259 1.63701 1.65627
Toluene 1.48903 1.48966 1.49413 1.49803 1.50334 1.50559 1.51506
Hexadecane 1.42798 1.42829 1.43047 1.43232 1.43480 1.43583 1.44007
1-Methylnaphthalene 1.60360 1.60471 1.61278 1.62005 1.63022 1.63463 1.65386
Toluene 1.48619 1.48682 1.49126 1.49514 1.50041 1.50265 1.51206
10-254

INDEX OF REFRACTION OF AIR
Atomic
This is a table of the index of refraction n of dry air at 15 °C and If the air is at a temperature t in °C (ITS-90) and a pressure p in
a pressure of 101.325 kPa and containing 0.045% by volume of Pa, a value of (n – 1) from this table should be multiplied by
carbon dioxide (“standard air”). The index of refraction is defined
by n = λvac/λair where λ is the wavelength of the radiation. The p[1 + p(60.1 – 0.972t) × 10 –10]/96095.43(1 + 0.003661t)
index is calculated from the expression
(n–1) × 108 = 8342.54 + 2406147(130 – σ2)–1 + 15998(38.9 – σ2)–1

References
where σ = 1/λvac and λvac has units of µm. The equation is valid 1. Birch, K. P., and Downs, M. J., Metrologia, 31, 315, 1994.
for λvac from 200 nm to 2 µm. The table also gives the correction 2. Edlen, B., Metrologia 2, 71, 1966.
(n–1)λair that must be added to the wavelength in air to obtain λvac.
λvac (n–1) × 108 λvac – λair λ vac (n–1) × 108 λvac – λair λ vac (n–1) × 108 λvac – λair
200 nm 32409 0.06480 nm 540 27804 0.15010 880 27462 0.24160
210 31748 0.06665 550 27784 0.15277 890 27458 0.24431
220 31226 0.06868 560 27765 0.15544 900 27454 0.24701
230 30801 0.07082 570 27747 0.15811 910 27449 0.24972
240 30447 0.07305 580 27730 0.16079 920 27445 0.25243
250 30148 0.07535 590 27714 0.16347 930 27441 0.25513
260 29892 0.07769 600 27698 0.16614 940 27437 0.25784
270 29670 0.08009 610 27684 0.16882 950 27434 0.26055
280 29477 0.08251 620 27670 0.17151 960 27430 0.26326
290 29307 0.08497 630 27657 0.17419 970 27427 0.26597
300 29157 0.08745 640 27644 0.17688 980 27423 0.26868
310 29023 0.08995 650 27632 0.17956 990 nm 27420 0.27138 nm
320 28904 0.09247 660 27621 0.18225 1.00 µm 27417 0.0002741 μm
330 28796 0.09500 670 27610 0.18494 1.05 27402 0.0002876
340 28700 0.09755 680 27600 0.18763 1.10 27390 0.0003012
350 28612 0.10011 690 27590 0.19032 1.15 27379 0.0003148
360 28532 0.10269 700 27581 0.19301 1.20 27370 0.0003283
370 28460 0.10527 710 27572 0.19570 1.25 27361 0.0003419
380 28393 0.10786 720 27563 0.19840 1.30 27354 0.0003555
390 28332 0.11046 730 27555 0.20109 1.35 27347 0.0003691
400 28276 0.11307 740 27547 0.20379 1.40 27341 0.0003827
410 28224 0.11569 750 27539 0.20649 1.45 27336 0.0003963
420 28177 0.11831 760 27532 0.20918 1.50 27331 0.0004099
430 28132 0.12094 770 27525 0.21188 1.55 27327 0.0004234
440 28091 0.12357 780 27518 0.21458 1.60 27323 0.0004370
450 28053 0.12620 790 27511 0.21728 1.65 27319 0.0004506
460 28018 0.12885 800 27505 0.21998 1.70 27316 0.0004642
470 27985 0.13149 810 27499 0.22268 1.75 27313 0.0004778
480 27954 0.13414 820 27493 0.22538 1.80 27310 0.0004914
490 27925 0.13679 830 27488 0.22808 1.85 27307 0.0005050
500 27897 0.13945 840 27482 0.23079 1.90 27305 0.0005187
510 27872 0.14211 850 27477 0.23349 1.95 27303 0.0005323
520 27848 0.14477 860 27472 0.23619 2.00 27301 0.0005459
530 27825 0.14743 870 27467 0.23890
10-255

INDEX OF REFRACTION OF GASES
Atomic
This table gives the index of refraction of several gases at References

selected wavelengths ranging from the blue to the red region of
the spectrum. The entries at 0.5893 μm correspond to the promi- 1. Gray, D. E., ed., American Institute of Physics Handbook, 3rd Edition,
nent sodium D line in the yellow region. All values refer to gas at p. 6-110, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1972.
a pressure of one atmosphere (101.325 kPa) and at a temperature 2. Forsythe, W. E., Smithsonian Physical Tables, Ninth Edition, p. 533,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 1954.
of 0 °C.
3. Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants, Six-
teenth Edition, p. 131, Longman Group Ltd., Harlow, Essex, 1995.
Gas Formula n (0.4360 μm) n (0.4861 μm) n (0.5461 μm) n (0.5790 μm) n ( 0.5893 μm) n (0.6563 μm) n (0.6709 μm)
Air 1.0002966 1.0002947 1.0002932 1.0002926 1.0002924 1.0002915 1.0002913
Argon Ar 1.000281
Carbon dioxide CO2 1.0004563 1.0004506 1.0004493 1.0004471
Chlorine Cl2 1.000773
Helium He 1.000036
Hydrogen H2 1.0001418 1.0001406 1.0001397 1.0001393 1.0001392 1.0001387 1.0001385
Methane CH4 1.000444
Nitric oxide NO 1.000297
Nitrogen N2 1.0003012 1.0002998 1.0002990 1.0002982
Nitrous oxide N2O 1.000516
Oxygen O2 1.0002743 1.0002734 1.0002717 1.0002710 1.0002709 1.0002698 1.0002683
Sulfur dioxide SO2 1.000686
10-256

CHARACTERISTICS OF LASER SOURCES
William F. Krupke
Atomic
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation was Although many lasers only emit in one or more narrow spectral
first demonstrated by Maiman in 1960, the result of a population “lines,” an increasing number of lasers can be tuned by changing
inversion produced between energy levels of chromium ions in a the composition or the pressure of the medium, or by varying the
ruby crystal when irradiated with a xenon flashlamp. Since then wavelength of the pump bands. The spectral regions in which
population inversions and coherent emission have been generated these tunable lasers operate are presented in Figure 2.
in literally thousands of substances (neutral and ionized gases,
liquids, and solids) using a variety of incoherent excitation tech-
Reference
niques (optical pumping, electrical discharges, gas-dynamic flow,
electron-beams, chemical reactions, nuclear decay). Krupke, W. F., in Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, Vol. I,
The extrema of laser output parameters that have been demon- Weber, M. J., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1986.
strated to date and the laser media used are summarized in Table
1. Note that the extreme power and energy parameters listed in TABLE 1. Extrema of Output Parameters
this table were attained with laser systems rather than with sim- of Laser Devices or Systems
ple laser oscillators.
Parameter Value Laser medium
Laser sources are commonly classified in terms of the state-of-
Peak power 1 × 1014 W (collimated) Nd:glass
matter of the active medium: gas, liquid, and solid. Each of these
Peak power density 1018 W/cm2 (focused) Nd:glass
classes is further subdivided into one or more types as shown in
Pulse energy >105 J CO2, Nd:glass
Table 2. A well-known representative example of each type of
Average power 105 W CO2
laser is also given in Table 2 together with its nominal operation
Pulse duration 3 × 10-15 s continuous Rh6G dye; various
wavelength and the methods by which it is pumped. wave (cw) gases, liquids, solids
The various lasers together cover a wide spectral range from Wavelength 60 nm ↔ 385 µm Many required
the far ultraviolet to the far infrared. The particular wavelength Efficiency (nonlaser 70% CO
of emission (usually a narrow line) is presented for some six dozen pumped)
lasers in Figures 1A and 1B. Beam quality Diffraction limited Various gases, liquids,
By suitably designing the excitation source and/or by control- solids
ling the laser resonator structure, laser systems can provide con- Spectral linewidth 20 Hz (for 10-1 s) Neon-helium
tinuous or pulsed radiation as shown in Table 3. Spatial coherence 10 m Ruby
Besides the method of excitation and the temporal behavior
of a laser, there are many other parameters that characterize its
operation and efficiency, as shown in Tables 4 and 5.
TABLE 2. Classes, Types, and Representative Examples of Laser Sources

Nominal operating
Type (characteristic) Representative example wavelength (nm) Method(s) of excitation
Gas
Atom, neutral (electronic transition) Neon-Helium (Ne-He) 633 Glow discharge
Atom, ionic (electronic transition) Argon (Ar+) 488 Arc discharge
Molecule, neutral (electronic transition) Krypton fluoride (KrF) 248 Glow discharge; e-beam
Molecule, neutral (vibrational transition) Carbon dioxide (CO2) 10600 Glow discharge;
gasdynamic flow
Molecule, neutral (rotational transition) Methyl fluoride (CH3F) 496000 Laser pumping
Molecule, ionic (electronic transition) Nitrogen ion (N2+) 420 E-beam
Liquid
Organic solvent (dye-chromophore) Rhodamine dye (Rh6G) 580–610 Flashlamp; laser pumping
Organic solvent (rare earth chelate) Europium:TTF 612 Flashlamp
Inorganic solvent (trivalent rare earth ion) Neodymium:POCl4 1060 Flashlamp
Solid
Insulator, crystal (impurity) Neodymium:YAG 1064 Flashlamp, arc lamp
Insulator, crystal (stoichiometric) Neodymium:UP(NdP5O14) 1052 Flashlamp
Insulator, crystal (color center) F2–:LiF 1120 Laser pumping
Insulator, amorphous (impurity) Neodymium:glass 1061 Flashlamp
Semiconductor (p-n junction) GaAs 820 Injection current
Semiconductor (electron-hole plasma) GaAs 890 E- beam, laser pumping
10-257

10-258 Characteristics of Laser Sources
120
Ar2
Atomic
Kr2
F2
H2
Xe2
ArCl
ArF
200
KrCl
KrF Cu+
Cl2 Ag+
XeBr
Br2
300
XeCl
Au+
N2 Cd+ ZnS
I2 Kr++
Wavelength (nm)
XeF Ar++ ZnO
Kr2F 400 Pbo
N+2
ZnSe
+
HgBr Ar CdS
500
Xe2Cl
ZnTe
XeO Cuo
ArO
KrO GaSe
600
HgCl
Ne o
CdSe
Ruby
700 Fo
o
Pb
CdTe
800
GaAs
900
Nd: YAG InP
Yb: Glass 1000

Nd: Glass
Nd: YAG
o
Ne
FIGURE 1A. Wavelengths of lasers operating in the 120 to 1200 nm spectral region.

Characteristics of Laser Sources 10-259
Nd: YAG
Atomic
Er: Glass GaSb
2000 Xeo
Ho: YAG
HF
Wavelength (nm)
3000
InAs
Neo
Xe o
HCI
4000
DF
PbS
HBr
5000
DCI
DBr, NO 6000
CO
7000
8000
OCS PbSe
9000
CO2
10,000
N2O
CS2
12,000
FIGURE 1B. Wavelength of lasers operating in the 1300 to 12,000 nm spectral region.

Table 3. Temporal Characteristics of Lasers and Laser Systems

Pulse width
Atomic
Form Technique range(s)

Continuous wave Excitation is continuous; resonator Q is held constant at some moderate value ∞
Pulsed Excitation is pulsed; resonator Q is held constant at some moderate value 10-8 – 10-3
Q-Switched Excitation is continuous or pulsed; resonator Q is switched from a very low 10-8 – 10-6
value to a moderate value
Cavity dumped Excitation is continuous or pulsed; resonator Q is switched from a very high 10-7 – 10-5
value to a low value
Mode locked Excitation is continuous or pulsed; phase or loss of the resonator modes is 10-12 – 10-9
modulated at a rate related to the resonator transit time
Table 4. Properties and Performance of Some Continuous Wave (CW) Lasers

Rhodamine
6G dye Nd:YAG
Parameter Unit Ne-He (gas) Ar+ (gas) CO2 (gas) (liquid) (solid) GaAs (solid)
Excitation method DC discharge DC discharge DC discharge Ar+ laser Krypton arc DC injection
pump lamp
Gain medium composition Neon:helium Argon CO2:N2:He Rh 6G:H2O Nd:YAG p:n:GaAs
Gain medium density Torr 0.1:1.0 0.4 0.4:0.8:5.0
ions/cm3 2(18):2(22) 1.5(20):2(22) 2(19):3(18):3(22)
Wavelength nm 633 488 10600 590 1064 810
Laser cross-section cm-2 3(-13) 1.6(-12) 1.5(-16) 1.8(-16) 7(-19) ~6(-15)
Radiative lifetime (upper s ~1(-7) 7.5(-9) 4(-3) 6.5(-9) 2.6(-4) ~1(-9)
level)
Decay lifetime (upper level) s ~1(-7) ~5.0(-9) ~4(-3) 6.0(-9) 2.3(-4) ~1(-9)
Gain bandwidth nm 2(-3) 5(-3) 1.6(-2) 80 0.5 10
Type, gain saturation Inhomogeneous Inhomogeneous Homogeneous Homogeneous Homogeneous Homogeneous
Homogeneous saturation flux W cm-2 ~20 3(5) 2.3(3) ~2(4)
Decay lifetime (lower level) s ~1(-8) ~4(-10) ~5(-6) <1(-12) <1(-7) <1(-12)
Inversion density cm-3 ~1(9) 2(10) 2(15) 2(16) 6(16) 1(16)
Small signal gain coefficient cm-1 ~1(-3) ~3(-2) 1(-2) 4 5(-2) 40
Pump power density W cm-3 3 900 0.15 1(6) 150 7(7)
Output power density W cm-3 2.6(-3) ~1 2(-2) 3(5) 95 5(6)
Laser size (diameter:length) cm:cm 0.5:100 0.3:100 5.0:600 1(-3):0.3 0.6:10 5(-4):7(-3);2(-2)a
Excitation current/voltage A/V 3(-2):2(3) 30:300 0.1:1.5(4) 90:125 1.0/1.7
Excitation current density A cm-2 0.15 600 6(-3) 140 4.5(3)
Excitation power W 60 9(3) 1.5(3) 4 1.1(4) 1.7
Output power W 0.06 10 240 0.3 300 0.12
Efficiencyb % 0.1 0.1 13 7 2.6 7
a Junction thickness:width:length.
b Pressure dependent.

Characteristics of Laser Sources 10-261
Table 5. Properties and Performance of Some Pulsed Lasers

Rhodamine Nd:YAG Nd:glass
Atomic
Parameter Unit CO2 (gas) CO2 (gas) KrF (gas) KrF (gas) 6G (liquid) (solid) (solid)
Excitation method TEA- E- beam/ E-beam Glow Xenon Xenon Xenon
discharge sust. discharge flashlamp flashlamp flashlamp
Gain medium composition CO2:N2:He CO2:N2:He Ar:Kr:F2 He:Kr:F2 Rh6G:alcohol Nd:YAG Nd:Glass
Gain medium density torr 100:50:600 240:240:320 1235:52:3 1070:70:3 –
ions/cm3 1(18):1.5(22) 1.5(20):1(22) 3(20):2(22)
Wavelength nm 10600 10600 249 249 590 1064 1061
Laser cross-section cm-2 2(-18) 2(-18) 2(-16) 2(-16) 1.8(-16) 7(-19) 2.8(-20)
Radiative lifetime (upper level) s 4(-3) 4(-3) 7(-9) 7(-9) 6.5(-9) 2.6(-4) 4.1(-4)
Decay lifetime (upper level) s ~1(-4) 5(-5) 3(-9) 2(-9) 6.0(-9) 2.3(-4) 3.7(-4)
Gain bandwidth nm 1 1 2 2 80 0.5 26
Homogeneous saturation fluence J/cm2 0.2 0.2 4(-3) 4(-3) 2(-3) 0.6 ~5
Decay lifetime (lower level) s 5(-8)a 1(-8)a <1(-12) <1(-12) <1(-12) <1(-7) <1(-8)
Inversion density cm-3 3(17) 6(17) 2(14) 4(14) 2(16) 4(17) 3(18)
Small signal gain coefficient cm-1 2(-2) 4(-2) 4(-2) 8–92) 4 0.3 8(-2)
Medium excitation energy J/cm3 0.1 0.36 0.13 0.15 2.8 0.15 0.6
density
Output energy density J/cm3 2(-2) 1.8(-2) 1.2(-2) 1.5(-3) 0.85 5(-2) 2(-2)
Laser dimensions cm:cm:cm 4.5:4.5:87 10:10:100 8.5:10:100 1.5:4.5:100 1.2:25 0.6:7.5 0.6:8.3
Excitation current/voltage A/V 6(4)/3.3(3) 2.4(4)/4(4) 1.2(4)/2.5(5) 2.5(4)/1.5(5) 2(5)/2.5(4)
Excitation current density A cm-2 8.5 22 11.5 170 2.6(3)
Excitation peak power W 2(8) 9(8) 3(9) 4(9) 5.4(9) 4(4) 9(4)
Output pulse energy J 35 180 102 1 32 0.1 1.0
Output pulse length s 1(-6) 4(-6) 6(-7) 2.5(-8) 3.2(-6) 2(-8) 1(-4)
Output pulse power W 3.5(7) 4(7) 2(8) 4(7) 1(7) 5(6) 1(4)
Efficiency % 17 5 10b 1 0.2 1.5 3.7
a Pressure dependent.
b Intrinsic efficiency ≡ energy output/energy deposited in gas.

Ar 2 .
.
Atomic
Kr 2
Xe .
Excimer lasers
2
ArF 0.2
KrF
XeF
Zn S
Stilbene 0.4 I - x Cd x
Coumarin
Dye lasers
Cd Se I - x Sx
Rhodamine 0.6
Ga AI I - x As .
Oxazine
DOTC Ga As I
0.8 - x x
HIDC Ga As
IR-140
1.0
Na F
Ga AsI - x Sb x
Wavelength (microns)
KF
Phonon-terminated
Color-center
Na CI
Ni: Mg F
Semiconductor lasers
2
In As I - x P x .
lasers
lasers
Co: Mg F2 KCI
2.0 In I Ga x As
- x
KCI: Na
KCI: Li
Rb CI: Li 3.0
DF 4.0 In As Sb
I -x x
Molecular
6.0
CO
lasers
Pb S I Se
- x x
8.0
CO2 10.0
CO2 Cd I - x Hg x Te
20.0
30.0
FIGURE 2. Spectral tuning ranges of various types of tunable lasers.

INFRARED LASER FREQUENCIES
Arthur Maki
Atomic
The CO2 laser has been the subject of a number of very accurate 2. Clairon, A., Dahmani, B., Filimon, A., and Rutman, J., IEEE Trans.
frequency measurements. Most of the earlier measurements are Inst. Meas., IM-34, 265–268, 1985.
given by Bradley et al.1 That analysis was based on a single absolute 3. Weiss, C. O., Kramer, G., Lipphardt, B., and Garcia, E., IEEE J.
Quantum Electron., QE-24, 1970–1972, 1988.
frequency measurement and many laser frequency differences. New
4. Bagayev, S. N., Baklanov, A. E., Chebotayev, V. P., and Dychkov, A. S.,
measurements of the methane frequency2-4 have made it necessary Appl. Phys., B-48, 31–35, 1989.
to slightly revise that single absolute frequency measurement. In 5. Blaney, T. G., Bradley, C. C., Edwards, G. J., Jolliffe, B. W., Knight, D.
addition, there have been several other absolute frequency mea- J. E., Rowley, W. R. C., Shotten, K. C., and Woods, P. T., Proc. R. Soc.
surements5-7 that have been used here to improve the accuracy of Lond., A-355, 61–88, 1977.
the present tables. New frequency difference measurements have 6. Chardonnet, Ch., Van Lerberghe, A., and Bordé, Ch. J., Opt. Comm.,
also been added to the database used for the present tables.8 58, 333-337, 1986.
7. Clairon, A., Acef, O., Chardonnet, Ch., and Bordé, Ch. J., Frequency
Standards and Metrology, De Marchi, A., Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin,
References Heidelberg, 1989, p. 212.
8. Evenson, K., private communication.
1. Bradley, L. C., Soohoo, K. L., and Freed, C., IEEE J. Quantum Electron.,
QE-22, 234–267, 1986.
Frequencies for the 00°1-(10°0,02°0)I and 00°1-(10°0,02°0)II Bands of 12C16O2 with the Estimated 2σ Uncertainties
Band I frequency Band II frequency

Line (MHz) Uncertainty (MHz) Line (MHz) Uncertainty (MHz)
P(70) 26721305.4647 0.1680 P(70) 29789856.3783 0.0308
P(68) 26794232.6712 0.1217 P(68) 29861850.7690 0.0192
P(66) 26866318.8073 0.0867 P(66) 29933216.1760 0.0122
P(64) 26937571.7234 0.0606 P(64) 30003944.2861 0.0086
P(62) 27007998.9216 0.0415 P(62) 30074026.9127 0.0072
P(60) 27077607.5643 0.0279 P(60) 30143456.0039 0.0066
P(58) 27146404.4834 0.0185 P(58) 30212223.6504 0.0061
P(56) 27214396.1873 0.0121 P(56) 30280322.0930 0.0055
P(54) 27281588.8696 0.0081 P(54) 30347743.7306 0.0049
P(52) 27347988.4161 0.0057 P(52) 30414481.1273 0.0044
P(50) 27413600.4119 0.0043 P(50) 30480527.0196 0.0041
P(48) 27478430.1487 0.0036 P(48) 30545874.3239 0.0039
P(46) 27542482.6310 0.0032 P(46) 30610516.1429 0.0039
P(44) 27605762.5826 0.0030 P(44) 30674445.7724 0.0039
P(42) 27668274.4525 0.0028 P(42) 30737656.7080 0.0039
P(40) 27730022.4206 0.0027 P(40) 30800142.6511 0.0039
P(38) 27791010.4036 0.0026 P(38) 30861897.5150 0.0038
P(36) 27851242.0594 0.0025 P(36) 30922915.4310 0.0037
P(34) 27910720.7927 0.0024 P(34) 30983190.7534 0.0037
P(32) 27969449.7593 0.0023 P(32) 31042718.0652 0.0037
P(30) 28027431.8708 0.0022 P(30) 31101492.1833 0.0036
P(28) 28084669.7981 0.0021 P(28) 31159508.1631 0.0037
P(26) 28141165.9762 0.0020 P(26) 31216761.3029 0.0037
P(24) 28196922.6067 0.0019 P(24) 31273247.1487 0.0037
P(22) 28251941.6622 0.0017 P(22) 31328961.4978 0.0037
P(20) 28306224.8888 0.0016 P(20) 31383900.4028 0.0037
P(18) 28359773.8090 0.0014 P(18) 31438060.1749 0.0037
P(16) 28412589.7245 0.0012 P(16) 31491437.3872 0.0036
P(14) 28464673.7184 0.0011 P(14) 31544028.8776 0.0036
P(12) 28516026.6574 0.0009 P(12) 31595831.7516 0.0036
P(10) 28566649.1935 0.0008 P(10) 31646843.3843 0.0035
P(8) 28616541.7661 0.0008 P(8) 31697061.4225 0.0035
P(6) 28665704.6027 0.0008 P(6) 31746483.7868 0.0035
P(4) 28714137.7205 0.0008 P(4) 31795108.6724 0.0035
P(2) 28761840.9272 0.0008 P(2) 31842934.5511 0.0035
R(0) 28832026.2198 0.0008 R(0) 31913172.5691 0.0035
R(2) 28877902.4382 0.0007 R(2) 31958996.0621 0.0034
R(4) 28923046.4303 0.0006 R(4) 32004017.3822 0.0034
10-263

10-264 Infrared Laser Frequencies

R(6) 28967457.0657 0.0005 R(6) 32048236.2498 0.0034
Atomic
R(8) 29011133.0054 0.0003 R(8) 32091652.6619 0.0034

R(10) 29054072.7010 0.0001 R(10) 32134266.8917 0.0034
R(12) 29096274.3935 0.0003 R(12) 32176079.4878 0.0034
R(14) 29137736.1129 0.0005 R(14) 32217091.2721 0.0035
R(16) 29178455.6759 0.0007 R(16) 32257303.3386 0.0036
R(18) 29218430.6852 0.0009 R(18) 32296717.0510 0.0037
R(20) 29257658.5269 0.0010 R(20) 32335334.0408 0.0038
R(22) 29296136.3689 0.0011 R(22) 32373156.2044 0.0039
R(24) 29333861.1583 0.0012 R(24) 32410185.7003 0.0041
R(26) 29370829.6191 0.0011 R(26) 32446424.9459 0.0042
R(28) 29407038.2491 0.0011 R(28) 32481876.6140 0.0042
R(30) 29442483.3168 0.0011 R(30) 32516543.6293 0.0042
R(32) 29477160.8582 0.0012 R(32) 32550429.1641 0.0042
R(34) 29511066.6733 0.0013 R(34) 32583536.6340 0.0042
R(36) 29544196.3221 0.0015 R(36) 32615869.6937 0.0041
R(38) 29576545.1205 0.0017 R(38) 32647432.2320 0.0040
R(40) 29608108.1360 0.0019 R(40) 32678228.3665 0.0039
R(42) 29638880.1831 0.0022 R(42) 32708262.4386 0.0038
R(44) 29668855.8183 0.0024 R(44) 32737539.0081 0.0039
R(46) 29698029.3350 0.0027 R(46) 32766062.8469 0.0041
R(48) 29726394.7582 0.0032 R(48) 32793838.9334 0.0045
R(50) 29753945.8385 0.0037 R(50) 32820872.4463 0.0055
R(52) 29780676.0464 0.0042 R(52) 32847168.7576 0.0071
R(54) 29806578.5659 0.0047 R(54) 32872733.4269 0.0099
R(56) 29831646.2878 0.0052 R(56) 32897572.1935 0.0141
R(58) 29855871.8032 0.0058 R(58) 32921690.9701 0.0202
R(60) 29879247.3960 0.0074 R(60) 32945095.8355 0.0288
R(62) 29901765.0357 0.0113 R(62) 32967793.0268 0.0407
R(64) 29923416.3695 0.0186 R(64) 32989788.9322 0.0567
R(66) 29944192.7145 0.0302 R(66) 33011090.0831 0.0780
R(68) 29964085.0488 0.0475 R(68) 33031703.1467 0.1060
R(70) 29983084.0036 0.0720 R(70) 33051634.9172 0.1423
Frequencies for the 00°1-(10°0,02°0) I and 00°1-(10°0,02°0)II Bands of 13C16O2 with the Estimated 2σ Uncertainties
P(66) 25523832.1808 0.7836 P(66) 28512082.5283 1.2894
P(64) 25590013.4703 0.5415 P(64) 28585121.9396 0.9194
P(62) 25655543.6502 0.3629 P(62) 28657449.4180 0.6420
P(60) 25720428.2487 0.2339 P(60) 28729056.6374 0.4375
P(58) 25784672.4840 0.1430 P(58) 28799935.4147 0.2897
P(56) 25848281.2771 0.0810 P(56) 28870077.7187 0.1853
P(54) 25911259.2627 0.0405 P(54) 28939475.6771 0.1135
P(52) 25973610.8005 0.0157 P(52) 29008121.5846 0.0659
P(50) 26035339.9857 0.0045 P(50) 29076007.9109 0.0357
P(48) 26096450.6582 0.0079 P(48) 29143127.3077 0.0180
P(46) 26156946.4123 0.0101 P(46) 29209472.6164 0.0090
P(44) 26216830.6053 0.0101 P(44) 29275036.8754 0.0058
P(42) 26276106.3655 0.0090 P(42) 29339813.3270 0.0050
P(40) 26334776.6003 0.0077 P(40) 29403795.4243 0.0044
P(38) 26392844.0030 0.0068 P(38) 29466976.8383 0.0037
P(36) 26450311.0599 0.0063 P(36) 29529351.4635 0.0032
P(34) 26507180.0565 0.0061 P(34) 29590913.4252 0.0029
P(32) 26563453.0836 0.0060 P(32) 29651657.0844 0.0028
P(30) 26619132.0428 0.0058 P(30) 29711577.0447 0.0028
P(28) 26674218.6515 0.0055 P(28) 29770668.1566 0.0031
P(26) 26728714.4479 0.0054 P(26) 29828925.5239 0.0035
P(24) 26782620.7952 0.0054 P(24) 29886344.5074 0.0041
P(22) 26835938.8858 0.0054 P(22) 29942920.7308 0.0046
P(20) 26888669.7451 0.0055 P(20) 29998650.0838 0.0051
P(18) 26940814.2347 0.0055 P(18) 30053528.7271 0.0054

Infrared Laser Frequencies 10-265

P(16) 26992373.0555 0.0055 P(16) 30107553.0955 0.0055
Atomic
P(14) 27043346.7508 0.0054 P(14) 30160719.9016 0.0055
P(12) 27093735.7083 0.0052 P(12) 30213026.1388 0.0054
P(10) 27143540.1624 0.0051 P(10) 30264469.0839 0.0054
P(8) 27192760.1962 0.0049 P(8) 30315046.2994 0.0054
P(6) 27241395.7431 0.0048 P(6) 30364755.6359 0.0055
P(4) 27289446.5880 0.0047 P(4) 30413595.2335 0.0056
P(2) 27336912.3682 0.0046 P(2) 30461563.5231 0.0057
R(0) 27407012.8882 0.0045 P(0) 30531879.5415 0.0057
R(2) 27453013.4589 0.0043 P(2) 30577664.6138 0.0056
R(4) 27498426.5430 0.0040 P(4) 30622575.1885 0.0054
R(6) 27543251.1200 0.0037 P(6) 30666611.0128 0.0051
R(8) 27587486.0225 0.0034 P(8) 30709772.1257 0.0047
R(10) 27631129.9356 0.0031 P(10) 30752058.8571 0.0045
R(12) 27674181.3963 0.0029 P(12) 30793471.8269 0.0044
R(14) 27716638.7917 0.0029 P(14) 30834011.9425 0.0043
R(16) 27758500.3577 0.0029 P(16) 30873680.3976 0.0044
R(18) 27799764.1770 0.0029 P(18) 30912478.6694 0.0044
R(20) 27840428.1773 0.0030 P(20) 30950408.5159 0.0044
R(22) 27880490.1283 0.0029 P(22) 30987471.9732 0.0043
R(24) 27919947.6395 0.0029 P(24) 31023671.3517 0.0042
R(26) 27958798.1567 0.0028 P(26) 31059009.2327 0.0042
R(28) 27997038.9591 0.0028 P(28) 31093488.4642 0.0042
R(30) 28034667.1551 0.0027 P(30) 31127112.1569 0.0043
R(32) 28071679.6785 0.0027 P(32) 31159883.6793 0.0045
R(34) 28108073.2842 0.0026 P(34) 31191806.6529 0.0046
R(36) 28143844.5432 0.0026 P(36) 31222884.9469 0.0048
R(38) 28178989.8377 0.0026 P(38) 31253122.6730 0.0053
R(40) 28213505.3554 0.0028 P(40) 31282524.1795 0.0061
R(42) 28247387.0838 0.0033 P(42) 31311094.0452 0.0077
R(44) 28280630.8035 0.0046 P(44) 31338837.0736 0.0108
R(46) 28313232.0818 0.0083 P(46) 31365758.2858 0.0173
R(48) 28345186.2652 0.0161 P(48) 31391862.9147 0.0295
R(50) 28376488.4720 0.0301 P(50) 31417156.3972 0.0505
R(52) 28407133.5839 0.0531 P(52) 31441644.3679 0.0845
R(54) 28437116.2372 0.0887 P(54) 31465332.6516 0.1366
R(56) 28466430.8141 0.1419 P(56) 31488227.2557 0.2138
R(58) 28495071.4324 0.2188 P(58) 31510334.3631 0.3247
R(60) 28523031.9357 0.3271 P(60) 31531660.3243 0.4800
R(62) 28550305.8819 0.4763 P(62) 31552211.6497 0.6932
R(64) 28576886.5323 0.6781 P(64) 31571995.0017 0.9805
R(66) 28602766.8393 0.9467 P(66) 31591017.1868 1.3619
P(70) 27045326.3119 0.4540 P(70) 30695237.5856 0.0858
P(68) 27114914.0922 0.3324 P(68) 30755520.2231 0.0570
P(66) 27183635.7945 0.2392 P(66) 30815311.4928 0.0364
P(64) 27251496.4118 0.1688 P(64) 30874607.2084 0.0223
P(62) 27318500.7361 0.1165 P(62) 30933403.2309 0.0131
P(60) 27384653.3618 0.0783 P(60) 30991695.4724 0.0075
P(58) 27449958.6881 0.0510 P(58) 31049479.9009 0.0049
P(56) 27514420.9224 0.0319 P(56) 31106752.5446 0.0041
P(54) 27578044.0828 0.0191 P(54) 31163509.4964 0.0040
P(52) 27640832.0010 0.0108 P(52) 31219746.9183 0.0040
P(50) 27702788.3248 0.0059 P(50) 31275461.0455 0.0039
P(48) 27763916.5206 0.0035 P(48) 31330648.1908 0.0039
P(46) 27824219.8762 0.0028 P(46) 31385304.7490 0.0039
P(44) 27883701.5029 0.0026 P(44) 31439427.2006 0.0039
P(42) 27942364.3379 0.0025 P(42) 31493012.1163 0.0038
P(40) 28000211.1464 0.0024 P(40) 31546056.1605 0.0038


P(38) 28057244.5242 0.0022 P(38) 31598556.0954 0.0037
Atomic
P(36) 28113466.8992 0.0021 P(36) 31650508.7847 0.0037

P(34) 28168880.5335 0.0020 P(34) 31701911.1970 0.0037
P(32) 28223487.5256 0.0019 P(32) 31752760.4093 0.0037
P(30) 28277289.8118 0.0017 P(30) 31803053.6105 0.0037
P(28) 28330289.1679 0.0016 P(28) 31852788.1043 0.0038
P(26) 28382487.2111 0.0015 P(26) 31901961.3125 0.0038
P(24) 28433885.4012 0.0013 P(24) 31950570.7773 0.0038
P(22) 28484485.0420 0.0012 P(22) 31998614.1649 0.0038
P(20) 28534287.2828 0.0011 P(20) 32046089.2669 0.0037
P(18) 28583293.1193 0.0010 P(18) 32092994.0036 0.0037
P(16) 28631503.3952 0.0010 P(16) 32139326.4254 0.0036
P(14) 28678918.8025 0.0009 P(14) 32185084.7154 0.0036
P(12) 28725539.8830 0.0010 P(12) 32230267.1907 0.0036
P(10) 28771367.0288 0.0010 P(10) 32274872.3041 0.0037
P(8) 28816400.4829 0.0010 P(8) 32318898.6455 0.0038
P(6) 28860640.3403 0.0011 P(6) 32362344.9434 0.0039
P(4) 28904086.5477 0.0011 P(4) 32405210.0652 0.0041
P(2) 28946738.9048 0.0011 P(2) 32447493.0185 0.0041
R(0) 29009228.1702 0.0010 P(0) 32509824.0580 0.0042
R(2) 29049894.0586 0.0010 P(2) 32550648.1723 0.0042
R(4) 29089764.2368 0.0009 P(4) 32590887.7542 0.0042
R(6) 29128837.8426 0.0008 P(6) 32630542.4457 0.0041
R(8) 29167113.8668 0.0008 P(8) 32669612.0295 0.0041
R(10) 29204591.1529 0.0009 P(10) 32708096.4282 0.0040
R(12) 29241268.3964 0.0010 P(12) 32745995.7040 0.0040
R(14) 29277144.1444 0.0011 P(14) 32783310.0573 0.0040
R(16) 29312216.7955 0.0012 P(16) 32820039.8258 0.0040
R(18) 29346484.5984 0.0012 P(18) 32856185.4827 0.0040
R(20) 29379945.6517 0.0013 P(20) 32891747.6358 0.0040
R(22) 29412597.9024 0.0013 P(22) 32926727.0254 0.0040
R(24) 29444439.1458 0.0013 P(24) 32961124.5220 0.0040
R(26) 29475467.0236 0.0014 P(26) 32994941.1249 0.0040
R(28) 29505679.0230 0.0015 P(28) 33028177.9594 0.0040
R(30) 29535072.4755 0.0016 P(30) 33060836.2743 0.0040
R(32) 29563644.5557 0.0018 P(32) 33092917.4394 0.0041
R(34) 29591392.2794 0.0020 P(34) 33124422.9429 0.0043
R(36) 29618312.5023 0.0023 P(36) 33155354.3878 0.0046
R(38) 29644401.9182 0.0028 P(38) 33185713.4894 0.0049
R(40) 29669657.0575 0.0036 P(40) 33215502.0716 0.0056
R(42) 29694074.2853 0.0053 P(42) 33244722.0637 0.0068
R(44) 29717649.7992 0.0082 P(44) 33273375.4969 0.0092
R(46) 29740379.6276 0.0128 P(46) 33301464.5003 0.0134
R(48) 29762259.6274 0.0200 P(48) 33328991.2976 0.0199
R(50) 29783285.4820 0.0307 P(50) 33355958.2027 0.0294
R(52) 29803452.6988 0.0461 P(52) 33382367.6161 0.0427
R(54) 29822756.6072 0.0681 P(54) 33408222.0209 0.0607
R(56) 29841192.3558 0.0985 P(56) 33433523.9780 0.0848
R(58) 29858754.9100 0.1401 P(58) 33458276.1228 0.1165
R(60) 29875439.0495 0.1960 P(60) 33482481.1601 0.1576
R(62) 29891239.3658 0.2702 P(62) 33506141.8605 0.2104
R(64) 29906150.2589 0.3673 P(64) 33529261.0556 0.2775
R(66) 29920165.9352 0.4930 P(66) 33551841.6335 0.3621
R(68) 29933280.4042 0.6540 P(68) 33573886.5352 0.4679
R(70) 29945487.4756 0.8581 P(70) 33595398.7493 0.5992
P(70) 25967863.7652 1.1146 P(70) 28960476.2278 0.4069
P(68) 26033448.2798 0.8152 P(68) 29022326.9578 0.2861
P(66) 26098273.9159 0.5860 P(66) 29083661.3546 0.1961


P(64) 26162346.4813 0.4129 P(64) 29144473.5795 0.1303
Atomic
P(62) 26225671.5466 0.2844 P(62) 29204757.8761 0.0833
P(60) 26288254.4494 0.1906 P(60) 29264508.5768 0.0507
P(58) 26350100.2984 0.1237 P(58) 29323720.1086 0.0290
P(56) 26411213.9778 0.0772 P(56) 29382386.9988 0.0152
P(54) 26471600.1504 0.0459 P(54) 29440503.8809 0.0073
P(52) 26531263.2618 0.0258 P(52) 29498065.4997 0.0038
P(50) 26590207.5442 0.0138 P(50) 29555066.7172 0.0032
P(48) 26648437.0195 0.0077 P(48) 29611502.5178 0.0031
P(46) 26705955.5026 0.0057 P(46) 29667368.0132 0.0031
P(44) 26762766.6051 0.0055 P(44) 29722658.4475 0.0034
P(42) 26818873.7378 0.0055 P(42) 29777369.2022 0.0039
P(40) 26874280.1143 0.0056 P(40) 29831495.8006 0.0044
P(38) 26928988.7531 0.0056 P(38) 29885033.9125 0.0049
P(36) 26983002.4809 0.0056 P(36) 29937979.3584 0.0053
P(34) 27036323.9351 0.0055 P(34) 29990328.1139 0.0054
P(32) 27088955.5657 0.0054 P(32) 30042076.3132 0.0055
P(30) 27140899.6384 0.0051 P(30) 30093220.2534 0.0055
P(28) 27192158.2363 0.0049 P(28) 30143756.3978 0.0054
P(26) 27242733.2620 0.0047 P(26) 30193681.3793 0.0053
P(24) 27292626.4396 0.0044 P(24) 30242992.0038 0.0052
P(22) 27341839.3165 0.0042 P(22) 30291685.2529 0.0051
P(20) 27390373.2651 0.0040 P(20) 30339758.2870 0.0049
P(18) 27438229.4843 0.0037 P(18) 30387208.4477 0.0048
P(16) 27485409.0008 0.0035 P(16) 30434033.2603 0.0046
P(14) 27531912.6704 0.0033 P(14) 30480230.4356 0.0045
P(12) 27577741.1795 0.0031 P(12) 30525797.8725 0.0044
P(10) 27622895.0455 0.0031 P(10) 30570733.6593 0.0043
P(8) 27667374.6182 0.0031 P(8) 30615036.0750 0.0043
P(6) 27711180.0803 0.0033 P(6) 30658703.5912 0.0044
P(4) 27754311.4480 0.0034 P(4) 30701734.8727 0.0045
P(2) 27796768.5718 0.0036 P(2) 30744128.7785 0.0045
R(0) 27859189.3155 0.0036 P(0) 30806522.5414 0.0045
R(2) 27899959.0889 0.0035 P(2) 30847319.2956 0.0044
R(4) 27940052.7921 0.0033 P(4) 30887476.2168 0.0043
R(6) 27979469.5315 0.0031 P(6) 30926993.0424 0.0042
R(8) 28018208.2478 0.0028 P(8) 30965869.7046 0.0041
R(10) 28056267.7161 0.0026 P(10) 31004106.3298 0.0040
R(12) 28093646.5448 0.0025 P(12) 31041703.2379 0.0040
R(14) 28130343.1757 0.0025 P(14) 31078660.9408 0.0040
R(16) 28166355.8825 0.0025 P(16) 31114980.1420 0.0040
R(18) 28201682.7706 0.0025 P(18) 31150661.7340 0.0041
R(20) 28236321.7757 0.0025 P(20) 31185706.7976 0.0042
R(22) 28270270.6628 0.0024 P(22) 31220116.5992 0.0043
R(24) 28303527.0249 0.0024 P(24) 31253892.5891 0.0043
R(26) 28336088.2817 0.0023 P(26) 31287036.3991 0.0044
R(28) 28367951.6781 0.0024 P(28) 31319549.8396 0.0043
R(30) 28399114.2823 0.0025 P(30) 31351434.8973 0.0043
R(32) 28429572.9843 0.0026 P(32) 31382693.7318 0.0042
R(34) 28459324.4940 0.0028 P(34) 31413328.6728 0.0042
R(36) 28488365.3390 0.0029 P(36) 31443342.2165 0.0041
R(38) 28516691.8625 0.0029 P(38) 31472737.0219 0.0040
R(40) 28544300.2211 0.0031 P(40) 31501515.9074 0.0039
R(42) 28571186.3823 0.0032 P(42) 31529681.8467 0.0040
R(44) 28597346.1222 0.0032 P(44) 31557237.9646 0.0042
R(46) 28622775.0223 0.0038 P(46) 31584187.5329 0.0046
R(48) 28647468.4672 0.0071 P(48) 31610533.9656 0.0057
R(50) 28671421.6417 0.0148 P(50) 31636280.8146 0.0088
R(52) 28694629.5272 0.0286 P(52) 31661431.7650 0.0151
R(54) 28717086.8993 0.0510 P(54) 31685990.6298 0.0261
R(56) 28738788.3239 0.0852 P(56) 31709961.3449 0.0434


R(58) 28759728.1540 0.1355 P(58) 31733347.9642 0.0693
Atomic
R(60) 28779900.5263 0.2075 P(60) 31756154.6537 0.1068

R(62) 28799299.3572 0.3078 P(62) 31778385.6867 0.1594
R(64) 28817918.3393 0.4447 P(64) 31800045.4375 0.2317
R(66) 28835750.9374 0.6283 P(66) 31821138.3761 0.3291
R(68) 28852790.3843 0.8707 P(68) 31841669.0622 0.4581
R(70) 28869029.6768 1.1863 P(70) 31861642.1394 0.6268
Frequencies for the 011e1-(111e0,031e0)I and 011e1-(111e0,031e0)II Bands of 12C16O2 with the Estimated 2σ Uncertainties
P(59) 26125213.2723 1.6633 P(59) 30427055.2899 0.1962
P(57) 26191576.6703 1.0880 P(57) 30494640.3229 0.1332
P(55) 26257240.7898 0.6844 P(55) 30561557.5929 0.0865
P(53) 26322208.2302 0.4094 P(53) 30627802.0344 0.0530
P(51) 26386481.4313 0.2286 P(51) 30693368.7014 0.0306
P(49) 26450062.6783 0.1155 P(49) 30758252.7710 0.0175
P(47) 26512954.1076 0.0498 P(47) 30822449.5469 0.0123
P(45) 26575157.7109 0.0191 P(45) 30885954.4624 0.0114
P(43) 26636675.3402 0.0160 P(43) 30948763.0834 0.0109
P(41) 26697508.7115 0.0182 P(41) 31010871.1119 0.0100
P(39) 26757659.4084 0.0177 P(39) 31072274.3882 0.0091
P(37) 26817128.8857 0.0160 P(37) 31132968.8940 0.0091
P(35) 26875918.4726 0.0144 P(35) 31192950.7549 0.0102
P(33) 26934029.3751 0.0131 P(33) 31252216.2430 0.0118
P(31) 26991462.6787 0.0119 P(31) 31310761.7788 0.0134
P(29) 27048219.3509 0.0106 P(29) 31368583.9339 0.0147
P(27) 27104300.2431 0.0096 P(27) 31425679.4328 0.0155
P(25) 27159706.0925 0.0093 P(25) 31482045.1550 0.0157
P(23) 27214437.5237 0.0097 P(23) 31537678.1367 0.0154
P(21) 27268495.0505 0.0104 P(21) 31592575.5725 0.0147
P(19) 27321879.0769 0.0108 P(19) 31646734.8172 0.0137
P(17) 27374589.8987 0.0108 P(17) 31700153.3868 0.0127
P(15) 27426627.7040 0.0104 P(15) 31752828.9602 0.0119
P(13) 27477992.5747 0.0098 P(13) 31804759.3803 0.0113
P(11) 27528684.4867 0.0096 P(11) 31855942.6551 0.0113
P(9) 27578703.3113 0.0101 P(9) 31906376.9582 0.0116
P(7) 27628048.8151 0.0113 P(7) 31956060.6304 0.0122
P(5) 27676720.6609 0.0127 P(5) 32004992.1796 0.0129
P(3) 27724718.4080 0.0141 P(3) 32053170.2819 0.0136
R(1) 27841759.7696 0.0152 P(1) 32170312.0391 0.0149
R(3) 27887393.2105 0.0146 P(3) 32215845.0845 0.0151
R(5) 27932349.2934 0.0135 P(5) 32260620.8121 0.0152
R(7) 27976627.0108 0.0124 P(7) 32304638.8261 0.0152
R(9) 28020225.2521 0.0115 P(9) 32347898.8990 0.0150
R(11) 28063142.8031 0.0110 P(11) 32390400.9714 0.0148
R(13) 28105378.3457 0.0109 P(13) 32432145.1513 0.0145
R(15) 28146930.4576 0.0109 P(15) 32473131.7137 0.0142
R(17) 28187797.6116 0.0107 P(17) 32513361.0997 0.0140
R(19) 28227978.1750 0.0103 P(19) 32552833.9153 0.0140
R(21) 28267470.4088 0.0099 P(21) 32591550.9309 0.0141
R(23) 28306272.4666 0.0099 P(23) 32629513.0796 0.0143
R(25) 28344382.3939 0.0107 P(25) 32666721.4564 0.0144
R(27) 28381798.1267 0.0122 P(27) 32703177.3164 0.0142
R(29) 28418517.4902 0.0141 P(29) 32738882.0732 0.0136
R(31) 28454538.1976 0.0165 P(31) 32773837.2976 0.0136
R(33) 28489857.8477 0.0213 P(33) 32808044.7156 0.0174
R(35) 28524473.9240 0.0312 P(35) 32841506.2063 0.0279
R(37) 28558383.7917 0.0486 P(37) 32874223.8000 0.0462
R(39) 28591584.6963 0.0754 P(39) 32906199.6761 0.0735
R(41) 28624073.7602 0.1131 P(41) 32937436.1606 0.1114
R(43) 28655847.9806 0.1644 P(43) 32967935.7238 0.1624
R(45) 28686904.2261 0.2328 P(45) 32997700.9775 0.2292


R(47) 28717239.2334 0.3239 P(47) 33026734.6728 0.3151
Atomic
R(49) 28746849.6038 0.4465 P(49) 33055039.6965 0.4238
R(51) 28775731.7988 0.6142 P(51) 33082619.0689 0.5595
R(53) 28803882.1361 0.8465 P(53) 33109475.9403 0.7272
Frequencies for the 011f1-(111f0,031f0)I and 011f1-(111f0,031f0)II Bands of 12C16O2 with the Estimated 2σ Uncertainties
P(60) 26051570.0104 4.4521 P(60) 30355115.0204 0.2752
P(58) 26120964.4932 3.0629 P(58) 30425283.5969 0.1926
P(56) 26189552.8496 2.0516 P(56) 30494732.8293 0.1301
P(54) 26257339.6006 1.3305 P(54) 30563455.6325 0.0840
P(52) 26324329.0344 0.8289 P(52) 30631445.1076 0.0512
P(50) 26390525.2136 0.4901 P(50) 30698694.5456 0.0292
P(48) 26455931.9824 0.2698 P(48) 30765197.4310 0.0163
P(46) 26520552.9722 0.1334 P(46) 30830947.4444 0.0111
P(44) 26584391.6075 0.0551 P(44) 30895938.4662 0.0104
P(42) 26647451.1105 0.0181 P(42) 30960164.5794 0.0105
P(40) 26709734.5057 0.0151 P(40) 31023620.0723 0.0105
P(38) 26771244.6242 0.0174 P(38) 31086299.4415 0.0107
P(36) 26831984.1067 0.0157 P(36) 31148197.3941 0.0114
P(34) 26891955.4069 0.0126 P(34) 31209308.8510 0.0126
P(32) 26951160.7945 0.0105 P(32) 31269628.9481 0.0138
P(30) 27009602.3576 0.0096 P(30) 31329153.0395 0.0147
P(28) 27067282.0045 0.0092 P(28) 31387876.6994 0.0151
P(26) 27124201.4662 0.0090 P(26) 31445795.7236 0.0149
P(24) 27180362.2977 0.0089 P(24) 31502906.1318 0.0141
P(22) 27235765.8792 0.0090 P(22) 31559204.1695 0.0128
P(20) 27290413.4182 0.0093 P(20) 31614686.3091 0.0113
P(18) 27344305.9494 0.0096 P(18) 31669349.2515 0.0098
P(16) 27397444.3368 0.0097 P(16) 31723189.9280 0.0086
P(14) 27449829.2733 0.0096 P(14) 31776205.5007 0.0081
P(12) 27501461.2824 0.0096 P(12) 31828393.3642 0.0085
P(10) 27552340.7179 0.0101 P(10) 31879751.1463 0.0095
P(8) 27602467.7649 0.0111 P(8) 31930276.7092 0.0107
P(6) 27651842.4399 0.0125 P(6) 31979968.1497 0.0120
P(4) 27700464.5912 0.0139 P(4) 32028823.8002 0.0131
P(2) 27748333.8988 0.0148 P(2) 32076842.2290 0.0139
R(2) 27864709.8633 0.0146 P(2) 32193218.1935 0.0150
R(4) 27909939.2762 0.0135 P(4) 32238298.4853 0.0151
R(6) 27954412.3294 0.0122 P(6) 32282538.0393 0.0153
R(8) 27998127.7801 0.0112 P(8) 32325936.7244 0.0153
R(10) 28041084.2173 0.0107 P(10) 32368494.6458 0.0154
R(12) 28083280.0620 0.0108 P(12) 32410212.1438 0.0155
R(14) 28124713.5668 0.0110 P(14) 32451089.7941 0.0155
R(16) 28165382.8151 0.0112 P(16) 32491128.4063 0.0154
R(18) 28205285.7213 0.0111 P(18) 32530329.0234 0.0152
R(20) 28244420.0302 0.0110 P(20) 32568692.9211 0.0149
R(22) 28282783.3158 0.0114 P(22) 32606221.6061 0.0147
R(24) 28320372.9812 0.0129 P(24) 32642916.8154 0.0144
R(26) 28357186.2574 0.0149 P(26) 32678780.5147 0.0140
R(28) 28393220.2023 0.0168 P(28) 32713814.8971 0.0133
R(30) 28428471.6994 0.0175 P(30) 32748022.3813 0.0120
R(32) 28462937.4565 0.0165 P(32) 32781405.6101 0.0106
R(34) 28496614.0042 0.0142 P(34) 32813967.4482 0.0122
R(36) 28529497.6934 0.0163 P(36) 32845710.9809 0.0212
R(38) 28561584.6939 0.0309 P(38) 32876639.5111 0.0385
R(40) 28592870.9914 0.0593 P(40) 32906756.5580 0.0646
R(42) 28623352.3850 0.1054 P(42) 32936065.8540 0.1015
R(44) 28653024.4839 0.1779 P(44) 32964571.3426 0.1518
R(46) 28681882.7038 0.2907 P(46) 32992277.1760 0.2184
R(48) 28709922.2632 0.4635 P(48) 33019187.7118 0.3048
R(50) 28737138.1785 0.7231 P(50) 33045307.5105 0.4152

INFRARED AND FAR-INFRARED ABSORPTION FREQUENCY STANDARDS
Arthur Maki
Atomic
Aside from the CO2 laser transitions, the absorption spectrum References
of CO has been more accurately and thoroughly measured than
any other spectrum. A bibliography of earlier measurements on 1. Maki, A. G. and Wells, J. S., Wavenumber Calibration Tables from
CO is given by Maki and Wells,1 and the present tables were calcu- Heterodyne Frequency Measurements, NIST Special Publication 821,
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 1991.
lated from the measurements referred to in that work. In addition,
2. Evenson, K. and Stroh, F., private communication.
some new and very accurate frequency measurements2,3 have been 3. George, T., Urban, W., and co-workers, private communication.
made and were incorporated in the present tables. The frequencies 4. Jennings, D. A., Evenson, K. M., Zink, L. R., Demuynck, C., Destombes,
of the rotational transitions of HF and HCl were calculated from J. L., Lemoine, B., and Johns, J. W. C., J. Mol. Spectrosc., 122, 477–480,
constants obtained from fitting the measurements of Evenson et 1987.
al.4,5 and Jennings and Wells.6 5. Nolt, I. G., Radostitz, J. V., DiLonardo, G., Evenson, K. M., Jennings,
A new report on infrared wavenumber standards from the D. A., Leopold, K. R., Vanek, M. D., Zink, L. R., Hinz, A., and Chance,
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Commission K. V., J. Mol. Spectrosc., 125, 274–287, 1987.
6. Jennings, D. A. and Wells, J. S., J. Mol. Spectrosc., 130, 267–268, 1988.
on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy, may be found in
7. High Resolution Wavenumber Standards for the Infrared, Pure Appl.
Reference 7. Chemistry, 68, 193, 1996.
Wavenumbers for the v = 1 – 0 Band of CO

Wavenumber (unc)*/cm –1
Transition Wavenumber (unc)/cm–1 Transition
2147.081132(01) R(0)
2139.426071(01) P(1) 2150.856006(01) R(1)
2135.546178(01) P(2) 2154.595581(01) R(2)
2131.631574(01) P(3) 2158.299710(01) R(3)
2127.682404(01) P(4) 2161.968245(01) R(4)
2123.698816(01) P(5) 2165.601041(01) R(5)
2119.680957(01) P(6) 2169.197949(01) R(6)
2115.628973(01) P(7) 2172.758824(01) R(7)
2111.543012(01) P(8) 2176.283519(01) R(8)
2107.423221(01) P(9) 2179.771887(01) R(9)
2103.269746(01) P(10) 2183.223782(01) R(10)
2099.082734(01) P(11) 2186.639057(01) R(11)
2094.862333(01) P(12) 2190.017565(01) R(12)
2090.608688(01) P(13) 2193.359161(01) R(13)
2086.321947(01) P(14) 2196.663698(01) R(14)
2082.002256(01) P(15) 2199.931030(01) R(15)
2077.649762(01) P(16) 2203.161010(01) R(16)
2073.264612(01) P(17) 2206.353492(01) R(17)
2068.846952(01) P(18) 2209.508331(02) R(18)
2064.396929(01) P(19) 2212.625379(02) R(19)
2059.914688(02) P(20) 2215.704492(02) R(20)
2055.400377(02) P(21) 2218.745522(02) R(21)
2050.854140(02) P(22) 2221.748326(03) R(22)
2046.276126(03) P(23) 2224.712755(03) R(23)
2041.666479(03) P(24) 2227.638666(03) R(24)
2037.025345(03) P(25) 2230.525912(04) R(25)
2032.352870(04) P(26) 2233.374349(04) R(26)
2027.649200(04) P(27) 2236.183829(04) R(27)
2022.914480(04) P(28) 2238.954210(05) R(28)
2018.148857(05) P(29) 2241.685344(05) R(29)
2013.352474(05) P(30) 2244.377088(06) R(30)
2008.525477(06) P(31) 2247.029296(07) R(31)
2003.668012(06) P(32) 2249.641824(08) R(32)
1998.780224(07) P(33) 2252.214527(10) R(33)
1993.862257(09) P(34) 2254.747262(14) R(34)
1988.914257(11) P(35) 2257.239883(18) R(35)
1983.936367(14) P(36) 2259.692248(24) R(36)
1978.928733(18) P(37) 2262.104213(33) R(37)
1973.891500(25) P(38) 2264.475634(45) R(38)
10-270

Infrared and Far-Infrared Absorption Frequency Standards 10-271

Wavenumber (unc)*/cm Transition Wavenumber (unc)/cm–1 Transition
Atomic
–1
1968.824811(34) P(39) 2266.806368(61) R(39)

1963.728813(46) P(40) 2269.096273(81) R(40)
1958.603648(61) P(41) 2271.345206(106) R(41)
1953.449462(82) P(42) 2273.553027(139) R(42)
* The uncertainty in the last digits (twice the standard error) is given in parentheses.

Wavenumber (unc)*/cm–1 Transition Wavenumber (unc)/cm–1 Transition
4263.837198(02) R(0)
4256.217140(02) P(1) 4267.542066(02) R(1)
4252.302244(02) P(2) 4271.176630(02) R(2)
4248.317633(02) P(3) 4274.740746(02) R(3)
4244.263453(02) P(4) 4278.234264(02) R(4)
4240.139852(02) P(5) 4281.657039(02) R(5)
4235.946975(02) P(6) 4285.008924(02) R(6)
4231.684972(02) P(7) 4288.289772(02) R(7)
4227.353987(02) P(8) 4291.499437(02) R(8)
4222.954169(02) P(9) 4294.637773(02) R(9)
4218.485665(02) P(10) 4297.704631(02) R(10)
4213.948620(02) P(11) 4300.699868(02) R(11)
4209.343182(02) P(12) 4303.623334(02) R(12)
4204.669499(02) P(13) 4306.474886(02) R(13)
4199.927716(02) P(14) 4309.254375(02) R(14)
4195.117980(02) P(15) 4311.961657(02) R(15)
4190.240439(02) P(16) 4314.596584(02) R(16)
4185.295239(02) P(17) 4317.159011(02) R(17)
4180.282526(02) P(18) 4319.648791(02) R(18)
4175.202447(02) P(19) 4322.065779(03) R(19)
4170.055149(03) P(20) 4324.409829(03) R(20)
4164.840777(03) P(21) 4326.680794(03) R(21)
4159.559478(03) P(22) 4328.878530(03) R(22)
4154.211398(03) P(23) 4331.002889(04) R(23)
4148.796683(04) P(24) 4333.053728(04) R(24)
4143.315479(04) P(25) 4335.030899(05) R(25)
4137.767932(04) P(26) 4336.934259(06) R(26)
4132.154187(05) P(27) 4338.763661(07) R(27)
4126.474391(06) P(28) 4340.518961(09) R(28)
4120.728689(07) P(29) 4342.200014(11) R(29)
4114.917226(09) P(30) 4343.806675(16) R(30)
4109.040148(12) P(31) 4345.338799(21) R(31)
4103.097600(16) P(32) 4346.796243(29) R(32)
4097.089728(21) P(33) 4348.178862(40) R(33)
4091.016676(29) P(34) 4349.486513(54) R(34)
4084.878591(40) P(35) 4350.719052(73) R(35)
4078.675618(54) P(36) 4351.876336(96) R(36)
4072.407901(73) P(37) 4352.958224(127) R(37)
4066.075588(97) P(38) 4353.964572(166) R(38)
4059.678822(127) P(39) 4354.895240(214) R(39)

Wavenumber (unc)*/cm –1
Transition Wavenumber (unc)/cm–1 Transition
6354.179057(13) R(0)
6346.594000(13) P(1) 6357.813923(13) R(1)
6342.644103(13) P(2) 6361.343487(13) R(2)
6338.589491(13) P(3) 6364.767599(13) R(3)
6334.430309(13) P(4) 6368.086115(13) R(4)

10-272 Infrared and Far-Infrared Absorption Frequency Standards

Wavenumber (unc)*/cm Transition Wavenumber (unc)/cm–1 Transition
Atomic
–1
6330.166705(13) P(5) 6371.298887(13) R(5)

6325.798826(13) P(6) 6374.405768(12) R(6)
6321.326819(13) P(7) 6377.406611(12) R(7)
6316.750831(12) P(8) 6380.301271(12) R(8)
6312.071008(12) P(9) 6383.089600(12) R(9)
6307.287498(12) P(10) 6385.771452(12) R(10)
6302.400447(12) P(11) 6388.346680(13) R(11)
6297.410003(12) P(12) 6390.815139(13) R(12)
6292.316311(13) P(13) 6393.176681(13) R(13)
6287.119520(13) P(14) 6395.431160(13) R(14)
6281.819775(13) P(15) 6397.578430(13) R(15)
6276.417224(13) P(16) 6399.618344(13) R(16)
6270.912012(13) P(17) 6401.550757(13) R(17)
6265.304287(13) P(18) 6403.375523(13) R(18)
6259.594194(13) P(19) 6405.092495(14) R(19)
6253.781880(13) P(20) 6406.701527(14) R(20)
6247.867492(14) P(21) 6408.202474(14) R(21)
6241.851176(14) P(22) 6409.595189(15) R(22)
6235.733077(14) P(23) 6410.879527(15) R(23)
6229.513342(15) P(24) 6412.055343(16) R(24)
6223.192117(15) P(25) 6413.122491(17) R(25)
6216.769547(16) P(26) 6414.080825(19) R(26)
6210.245778(17) P(27) 6414.930201(23) R(27)
6203.620957(19) P(28) 6415.670474(28) R(28)
6196.895229(23) P(29) 6416.301500(37) R(29)
6190.068739(28) P(30) 6416.823133(50) R(30)
6183.141633(37) P(31) 6417.235231(67) R(31)
6176.114058(50) P(32) 6417.537649(90) R(32)
6168.986159(67) P(33)
6161.758082(90) P(34)
Frequencies and Wavenumbers for the Rotational Lines of CO

Frequency/MHz Uncertainty*/MHz J´ J˝ Wavenumber/cm–1 Uncertainty*/cm–1
115271.2029 0.0004 1 0 3.84503345 0.00000001
230538.0016 0.0008 2 1 7.68991999 0.00000003
345795.9923 0.0012 3 2 11.53451273 0.00000004
461040.7712 0.0016 4 3 15.37866477 0.00000005
576267.9350 0.0019 5 4 19.22222923 0.00000006
691473.0809 0.0021 6 5 23.06505926 0.00000007
806651.8065 0.0023 7 6 26.90700800 0.00000008
921799.7104 0.0025 8 7 30.74792863 0.00000008
1036912.3919 0.0027 9 8 34.58767438 0.00000009
1151985.4515 0.0029 10 9 38.42609848 0.00000010
1267014.4906 0.0031 11 10 42.26305422 0.00000010
1381995.1119 0.0034 12 11 46.09839491 0.00000011
1496922.9195 0.0038 13 12 49.93197392 0.00000013
1611793.5189 0.0042 14 13 53.76364468 0.00000014
1726602.5173 0.0047 15 14 57.59326065 0.00000016
1841345.5237 0.0052 16 15 61.42067535 0.00000017
1956018.1486 0.0057 17 16 65.24574239 0.00000019
2070616.0050 0.0061 18 17 69.06831542 0.00000020
2185134.7075 0.0065 19 18 72.88824816 0.00000022
2299569.8733 0.0069 20 19 76.70539441 0.00000023
2413917.1217 0.0071 21 20 80.51960806 0.00000024
2528172.0747 0.0073 22 21 84.33074306 0.00000024
2642330.3567 0.0074 23 22 88.13865346 0.00000025
2756387.5949 0.0075 24 23 91.94319341 0.00000025

Infrared and Far-Infrared Absorption Frequency Standards 10-273
Frequencies and Wavenumbers for the Rotational Lines of CO

Atomic
2870339.4194 0.0077 25 24 95.74421713 0.00000026
2984181.4631 0.0080 26 25 99.54157896 0.00000027
3097909.3621 0.0085 27 26 103.33513334 0.00000028
3211518.7558 0.0090 28 27 107.12473480 0.00000030
3325005.2869 0.0096 29 28 110.91023800 0.00000032
3438364.6013 0.0102 30 29 114.69149772 0.00000034
3551592.3489 0.0107 31 30 118.46836884 0.00000036
3664684.1829 0.0111 32 31 122.24070637 0.00000037
3777635.7608 0.0118 33 32 126.00836545 0.00000039
3890442.7435 0.0137 34 33 129.77120137 0.00000046
4003100.7965 0.0179 35 34 133.52906952 0.00000060
4115605.5892 0.0254 36 35 137.28182546 0.00000085
4227952.7954 0.0370 37 36 141.02932487 0.00000123
4340138.0932 0.0531 38 37 144.77142361 0.00000177
4452157.1657 0.0746 39 38 148.50797766 0.00000249
4564005.7001 0.1025 40 39 152.23884318 0.00000342
* The uncertainty given is twice the standard error.
Frequencies and Wavenumbers for the Rotational Lines of HF

1232476.21 0.12 1 0 41.110981 0.000004
2463428.09 0.19 2 1 82.171116 0.000006
3691334.81 0.25 3 2 123.129676 0.000008
4914682.58 0.51 4 3 163.936165 0.000017
6131968.11 1.10 5 4 204.540439 0.000037
7341702.00 2.00 6 5 244.892818 0.000067
8542412.1 3.21 7 6 284.944197 0.000107
9732646.8 4.72 8 7 324.646153 0.000157
10910978.2 6.51 9 8 363.951056 0.000217
12076004.8 8.55 10 9 402.81216 0.000285
13226355.2 10.81 11 10 441.18372 0.000361
14360689.8 13.25 12 11 479.02105 0.00044
15477704.4 15.86 13 12 516.28065 0.00053
16576131.8 18.61 14 13 552.92024 0.00062
17654744.4 21.48 15 14 588.89888 0.00072
18712356.5 24.44 16 15 624.17703 0.00082
19747825.6 27.43 17 16 658.71656 0.00092
20760054.3 30.32 18 17 692.4809 0.00101
21747991.7 32.91 19 18 725.4349 0.00110
22710634.7 34.94 20 19 757.5452 0.00117
23647028.7 36.08 21 20 788.7800 0.00120
24556268.8 35.93 22 21 819.1090 0.00120
25437499.9 34.12 23 22 848.5037 0.00114
26289917.4 30.32 24 23 876.9373 0.00101
27112767.2 24.41 25 24 904.38457 0.00081
27905345.6 16.88 26 25 930.82214 0.00056
28666999.3 10.80 27 26 956.22817 0.00036
29397124.8 14.65 28 27 980.58253 0.00049
30095168.2 24.62 29 28 1003.86676 0.00082
30760624.2 33.36 30 29 1026.0640 0.00111
31393035.7 36.17 31 30 1047.1590 0.00121

10-274 Infrared and Far-Infrared Absorption Frequency Standards
Frequencies and Wavenumbers for the Rotational Lines of H35Cl

Atomic

1876226.517 0.065 3 2 62.584180 0.000002
2499864.439 0.066 4 3 83.386502 0.000002
3121986.563 0.064 5 4 104.138262 0.000002
3742216.601 0.076 6 5 124.826909 0.000003
4360180.042 0.098 7 6 145.439951 0.000003
4975504.51 0.11 8 7 165.964966 0.000004
5587820.10 0.12 9 8 186.389615 0.000004
6196759.76 0.22 10 9 206.701656 0.000007
6801959.63 0.50 11 10 226.888951 0.000017
7403059.41 1.02 12 11 246.939481 0.000034
7999702.7 1.8 13 12 266.841359 0.000062
8591537.3 3.1 14 13 286.582837 0.000103
9178215.8 4.8 15 14 306.152324 0.000161
Frequencies and Wavenumbers for the Rotational Lines of H37Cl

1873410.72 0.05 3 2 62.490255 0.000002
2496115.33 0.05 4 3 83.261445 0.000002
3117308.69 0.05 5 4 103.982225 0.000002
3736615.64 0.06 6 5 124.640082 0.000002
4353662.84 0.08 7 6 145.222561 0.000003
4968079.04 0.09 8 7 165.717279 0.000003
5579495.53 0.10 9 8 186.111938 0.000003
6187546.42 0.19 10 9 206.394332 0.000006
6791869.04 0.45 11 10 226.552365 0.000015
7392104.3 0.9 12 11 246.574057 0.000030
7987896.9 1.6 13 12 266.447561 0.000054
8578896.1 2.7 14 13 286.161170 0.000089

Section 11
Nuclear and Particle Physics
Nuclear
Summary Tables of Particle Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
Table of the Isotopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Neutron Scattering and Absorption Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-173
Cosmic Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-186
11-i

This page intentionally left blank
SUMMARY TABLES OF PARTICLE PROPERTIES
Details of particle properties may be found in the following formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Supersymmetry,
publication: Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics.
Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily
K. A. Olive et al. (Particle Data Group), Chin. Phys. C 38 (9), 090001,
2014. revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics,
Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements,
Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter,
Abstract Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator
Nuclear
Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang
The Review of Particle Physics summarizes much of particle
Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants, and Cosmological
physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus
Parameters.
3283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and
A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and
average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently
abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of the full
discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons.
Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also avail-
We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy
able on the Particle Data Group Web site <pdg.lbl.gov>.
neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions,
The full Summary Tables are included in the Internet version of
dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are
the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.
listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures,
11-1

TABLE OF THE ISOTOPES
Norman E. Holden
This table presents an evaluated set of values for the experimen- For quasi-stable nuclides, the measured width, Γ, of the resonance
tal quantities that characterize the decay of radioactive nuclides. is given. To estimate the approximate half-life, the Heisenberg
A list of the major references used in this evaluation is given below. relationship may be used, the half-life = 4.56 × 10–22 seconds / Γ
When uncertainties are not listed, they are assumed to be five or (MeV). The effective literature cutoff date for data in this edition
less in the last digit quoted. If the uncertainty in the value exceeds of the table is December 2013.
Nuclear
five in the last digit, the value is preceded by an approximate sign.
Table Layout
Column
number Column title Description
1 Isotope or Element For elements, the atomic number and chemical symbol are listed. For nuclides, the mass number and
chemical symbol are listed. Isomers are indicated by the addition of m, m1, or m2.
2 Isotopic Abundance The abundance of an isotope in normal terrestrial samples of an element, listed in atom percent.
3 Atomic Mass or Atomic Atomic mass relative to 12C = 12. Atomic weight of elements is given on the same scale.
Weight
4 Half-Life/Resonance Width Half-life in decimal notation. μs = microseconds; ms = milliseconds; s = seconds; m = minutes; h = hours;
d = days; and a = years. For quasi-stable nuclides, the measured width at half-maximum of the energy
resonance is given.
5 Decay Mode/Energy Decay modes are α = alpha particle emission; β = negative beta emission; β+ = positron emission; EC =
orbital electron capture; IT = isomeric transition from upper to lower isomeric state; n = neutron
emission; p = proton emission; sf = spontaneous fission; ββ, ECEC, 2p, 2n, 3n = double beta, double EC,
two proton and multiple neutron decay. Total disintegration energy in MeV units.
6 Particle Energy/Intensity End point energies of beta transitions and discrete energies of alpha particles, neutrons and protons are
given in MeV units and their intensities in percent.
7 Spin and Parity Nuclear spin or angular momentum of the nuclides in units of h/2π; parity is positive or negative.
8 Magnetic Dipole Moment Magnetic dipole moments in nuclear magneton units. An absolute value is indicated in the absence of a
positive or a negative sign.
9 Electric Quadrupole Electric quadrupole moments in barn units (10–24 cm2). An absolute value is indicated in the absence of a
Moment positive or a negative sign.
10 Gamma Ray Energy/ Gamma ray energies are given in MeV units and intensities in percent. Annihilation radiation (ann.rad.)
Intensity refers to the 511.006 keV photons emitted in the annihilation of positrons in matter.
General Nuclear Data References

The following references represent the major sources of the 6. Holden, N. E., Half-Lives of Selected Nuclides, Pure & Applied
nuclear data presented, along with subsequent published journal Chemistry 62, 94, 1990.
articles and reports: 7. Berglund, M., and Wieser, M. E., Isotopic Composition of the
1. Audi, G., Kondev, F. G., Wang, M., Pfeiffer, B., Sun, X., Blachot, J., Elements – 2009, Pure & Applied Chemistry 83, 397, 2011.
and MacCormick, M., The NUBASE2012 Evaluation of Nuclear 8. Raghavan, P., Table of Nuclear Moments, Atomic Data Nuclear Data
Properties, Chinese Physics C – High Energy and Nuclear Physics 36, Tables 42, 18, 1989.
1157, 2012. 9. Brown, E., and Firestone, R., Radioactivity Handbook, Wiley
2. Wang, M., Audi, G., Wapstra, A. H., Kondev, F. G., MacCormick, M., Interscience Press, New York, 1986.
Xu, X., and Pfeiffer, B., The AME2012 Atomic Mass Evaluation II., 10. Tuli, J. K., Nuclear Wallet Cards, Brookhaven National Laboratory,
Tables, Graphs and References, Chinese Physics C – High Energy and October 2011.
Nuclear Physics 36, 1603, 2012. 11. Holden, N. E., and Hoffman, D. C., Spontaneous Fission Half-Lives for
3. Wieser, M. E., Holden, N., Coplen, T. B., Bohlke, J. K., Berglund, M., Ground State Nuclides, Pure & Applied Chemistry 72, 1525, 2000.
Brand, W. A., De Bievre, P., Groning, M., Loss, R. D., Meija, J., Hirata, 12. Stone, N. J., Table of Nuclear Magnetic Dipole and Electrical
T., Prohaska, T., Schoenberg, R., O’Connor, G., Walczyk, T., Yoneda, Quadrupole Moments, Atomic Data Nuclear Data Tables 90, 75,
S., and Zhu, X.-K., Atomic Weights of the Elements – 2011, Pure & 2005.
Applied Chemistry 85, 1047, 2013. This research was carried out under the auspices of the US
4. Baum, E. M., Knox, H. D., and Miller, T. R., Chart of the Nuclides, 17th Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The
Ed., Knolls Atomic Power Lab, Niskayuna, NY, 2009. author is at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, and can
5. Holden, N. E., Total and Spontaneous Fission Half-Lives for Uranium, be contacted at [email protected].
Plutonium, Americium and Curium Nuclides, Pure & Applied
Chemistry 61, 1483, 1989.
11-2

Table of the Isotopes 11-3
Natural Half-Life/ Particle Energy/ Nuclear Elect. γ-Energy/

Elem. or Abundance Atomic Mass or Resonance Decay Mode/ Intensity Spin Magnetic Quadr. Intensity
Isot. (Atom %) Weight Width (MeV) Energy (/MeV) (MeV/%) (h/2π) Mom. (nm) Mom. (b) (MeV/%)
on 1.008664916 610.5 s β- /0.78235 0.782/100. 1/2+ –1.913043
β-, γ / 0.0031
1.00784–
H
1
1.00811
1
H 99.9885(70) 1.007825032 >2.8 × 1023 a 1/2+ +2.7928473
2
H 0.0115(70) 2.014101778 1+ +0.8574382 +2.86 mb
3
H 3.016049278 12.31 a β- /0.01859 0.01860/100. 1/2+ +2.9789624
Nuclear
4
H 4.026 Γ = 1.2 n/ /100 2-
5
H 5.035 Γ < 0.5 n/ /100 (1/2+)
6
H 6.045 Γ ~ 6. n/ (2-)
7
H 7.05 Γ ~ 0.1
2 He 4.002602(2)
3
He 0.000134(3) 3.01602932 1/2+ –2.127750
4
He 99.999866(3) 4.0026032541 0+
5
He 5.0121 Γ = 0.60(2) n, α 3/2-
6
He 6.0188859 0.8069 s β- /3.508 3.510/100. 0+
β, d 0.35/0.00017
7
He 7.02799 Γ ~ 0.19 n (3/2)-
8
He 8.033934 0.119 s β- /10.65 /84. 0+ 0.9807/84.
β- n/ /16. 0.4776/5.
β, t /0.82
9
He 9.0440 Γ = 0.10(6) n /100 (1/2-)
He
10
10.053 Γ = 0.1 2n /100 0+
3 Li 6.938–6.997
4
Li 4.027 Γ = 6.0 p/ /100 2-
5
Li 5.0125 Γ = 1.2 p/α 3/2-
6
Li 7.59(4) 6.01512289 1+ +0.822047 –0.82 mb
7
Li 92.41(4) 7.01600344 3/2- +3.25644 –0.0406
8
Li 8.0224863 0.839 s β- /16.004 12.5/100. 2+ +1.65334 +0.0314
α/ α(1.6)
9
Li 9.026790 0.178 s β- /13.606 13.5/75. 3/2- 3.4368 –0.0306
β- / 11/25.
10
Li 10.0355 Γ = 0.11(5) n /7. 1+
11
Li 11.043724 8.8 ms β- /20.6 /8.3 3/2(-) 3.671 –0.0339 3.368/33.
β-, n /85.7 0.320/7.
β-, 2n /4.1 2.590/8.
β-, 3n /1.9 5.958/3.
β-, d /0.013 2.895/1.5
β-, t /0.00009 2.811/1.1
12
Li 12.0525 < 0.01 μs
13
Li 13.063 Γ = 1.3
4 Be 9.0121831(5)
5
Be 5.04 p, 3He (1/2+)
6
Be 6.01973 Γ = 0.092(6) 2p,α 0+
7
Be 7.0169287 53.28 d EC/0.8618 3/2- –1.40 0.4776/10.4
8
Be 8.0053051 Γ = 6.8(17) eV 2α/0.046 0+
9
Be 100. 9.0121831 3/2- –1.1776 +0.0529
10
Be 10.013535 1.39 × 106 a β- /0.5559 0.555/100. 0+
11
Be 11.021661 13.8 s β-, β-α/11.51 11.48/61. 1/2+ –1.681 2.125/35.5
12
Be 12.02692 22.0 ms β-, (n)/11.71 n//0.5 0+ (0.95–4.4)
13
Be 13.0361 Γ ~ 1.
14
Be 14.043 4.6 ms β- /16.2 0+ 3.5346/0.9
β-, n 0.288/94. 3.6845/7.
β-, 2n /6.
β-, α /<0.012
β-, t /<0.04

11-4 Table of the Isotopes

15
Be 15.053 Γ = 0.6 β-
16
Be 16.062 Γ = 0.8 2n 0+
5 B 10.806–10.821
7
B 7.0297 Γ = 1.4(2) p, α (3/2-)
8
B 8.02461 0.770 s β+, 2α/17.979 13.7(β+)/93. 2+ 1.0358 +0.065 ann.rad./
9
B 9.01333 Γ = 0.5(2) keV p, 2α/ 3/2-
10
B 19.9(7) 10.012937 3+ +1.8006448 +0.085
Nuclear
11
B 80.1(7) 11.009305 3/2- +2.688649 +0.0407
12
B 12.01435 0.0202 s β- /13.369 1+ +1.0027 0.0132 4.438/1.3
β- α/1.6/ 3.215/0.00065
13
B 13.01778 0.0174 s β- /13.437 13.4 3/2- +3.1778 +0.037 3.68/7.6
β- n/0.25/ 2.43(n)/0.09
3.55(n)/0.16
14
B 14.0254 14. ms β- /20.64 2- 1.185 0.030 6.094/90.
15
B 15.0311 9.9 ms β-, (n)/19.09 n//99.7 (3/2-) 2.66 0.038
16
B 16.0398 Γ < 0.1 n
17
B 17.047 5.1 ms β-, (n)/22.7 2.55 0.039
18
B 18.056 < 0.026 μs 0-
19
B 19.063 2.9 ms β-, (n)/26.5 1n//72. (3/2-)
2n//16.
3n// < 9.
12.0096–
C
6
12.0116
8
C 8.0376 Γ = 0.25(4) p 0+
9
C 9.03104 127. ms β+, p, 2α/16.498 (3/2-) 1.391 ann.rad./
10
C 10.016853 19.3 s β+ /3.648 1.865 0+ ann.rad./
0.71829/100.
11
C 11.01143 20.4 m β+, EC/1.982 0.9608/99. 3/2- –0.964 0.032 ann.rad./
12
C 98.93(8) 12.000000000 0+
13
C 1.07(8) 13.003354835 ½- +0.702412
14
C 14.00324199 5715. a β- /0.15648 0.1565/100. 0+
15
C 15.01060 2.45 s β- /9.772 4.51/68. ½+ 1.72 5.298/68.
9.82/32. (7.30–9.05)
16
C 16.01470 ~ 0.750 s β- /8.012 β/3.3, 4.3/84, 16 0+
β, n n/0.8, 1.7/84, 16
17
C 17.0226 0.19 s β- /13.17 3/2+ 0.758 1.375
β-, n n/1.6–3.7/11. 1.849
1.906
18
C 18.0268 0.092 s β- /11.81 0+
β-, n n/0.88–4.59/21.
19
C 19.035 0.05 s n ½+
20
C 20.040 0.02 s β, n 1n// ~ 65. 0+
2n// < 19.
21
C 21.049 < 0.03 μs
22
C 22.058 6 ms β-, n 1n// ~ 61. 0+
2n// < 37.
14.00643–
N
7
14.00728
10
N 10.042 Γ = 2.3(16)
11
N 11.0261 Γ = 0.83 ½+
12
N 12.01861 11.00 ms β+, β+α/17.338 16.38/95. 1+ +0.457 +10. mb ann.rad./
4.438/2.
13
N 13.005739 9.97 m β+ /2.2204 1.190/100. ½- 0.3222
14
N 99.636(20) 14.003074004 1+ +0.403761 +0.02044
15
N 0.364(20) 15.00010899 ½- –0.283189
16
N 16.00610 7.13 s β- /10.419 4.27/68. 2- 6.129/68.8


10.44/26. 1.986 18 mb 7.115/4.7
β-, α 1.85/.0012 (0.99–8.87)
(0.6–2.3)
17
N 17.0084 4.17 s β-, β- n/8.68 3.7/100. ½- 0.3551 0.871/3.
0.4–1.7n/95. 2.1842/0.3
β- α/ 8.0, 8.2
18
N 18.0141 0.62 s β- /13.90 9.4/100. 1- 0.3273 0.012 0.822/48.
Nuclear
β-, α (1.08–5.23)/12. 1.65/47.
β-, n /14 1.982/77.
(0.535–7.13)
19
N 19.0170 0.336 s β- /12.53 0.305 (0.096–3.14)
β-, n 0.45–4.51/42.
20
N 20.0234 0.136 s β- /17.97
β-, n 1.10–3.68/43.
21
N 21.027 0.083 s β-, n 4.98//90.5 1.222
β- //3.5
22
N 22.034 0.02 s β-, n 1n// ~ 41.
2n// < 13.
23
N 23.041 15. ms β-, n n// ~ 42.
2n// ~ 8.
3n// < 3.4
24
N 24.051 < 0.052 μs
25
N 25.060 < 0.26 μs
15.99903–
O
8
15.99977
12
O 12.0343 Γ < 0.07 2p 0+
13
O 13.0248 8.9 ms β+, p/17.77 1.560 (p) (3/2-) 1.389 0.011 ann.rad./
p/(1.00–13.5) 4.438/0.56
14
O 14.008596 70.62 s β+ /5.1430 1.81/99. 0+ ann.rad./
2.312/99.4
15
O 15.003066 122.2 s β+ /2.754 1.723/100. 1/2- 0.7195 ann.rad./
16
O 99.757(16) 15.994914620 0+
17
O 0.038(1) 16.999131757 5/2+ –1.8938 –0.026
18
O 0.205(14) 17.999159613 0+
19
O 19.00358 26.9 s β- /4.820 3.25/60. 5/2+ 1.5320 3.7 mb 0.197/95.9
4.60/40. 1.3569/50.4
(0.11–4.18)
20
O 20.00408 13.5 s β- /3.814 0+ 1.057/100.
21
O 21.0087 3.4 s β- /8.11 (0.28–4.6)
22
O 22.0100 2.2 s β- /6.5 0+ 0.072/100
0.638/98
1.862/63
(0.918–2.499)
23
O 23.016 0.097 s β-, n /7.2% 2.234/51.5
4.066/17.1
(0.911–3.868)
24
O 24.020 ~ 65. ms β-, n n//18. 0+ 1.83/28.
0.52/14.
1.31/12.
25
O 25.029 Γ ~ 0.02
26
O 26.037 Γ< 2n 0+
27
O 27.048 < 0.026 μs
28
O 28.056 < 0.10 μs 0+
9F 18.99840316(1)
14
F 14.0343 Γ = 0.9
15
F 15.0180 Γ = 0.8(3) p (1/2+)


16
F 16.0115 Γ = 0.037(14) p 0-
17
F 17.002095 64.5 s β+ /2.761 1.75/ 5/2+ +4.721 –0.08 ann.rad./
18
F 18.000937 1.8287 h β+, EC/1.656 0.635/97. 1+ ann.rad./
19
F 100. 18.99840316 ½+ +2.62887
20
F 19.9999813 11.00 s β- /7.0245 5.398/100. 2+ +2.0934 0.042 1.634/100.
3.33/0.009
21
F 20.99995 4.16 s β- /5.684 3.7/8. 5/2+ 3.9 0.3507/90.
Nuclear
5.0/63. 1.395/15.
5.4/29. (1.746–4.684)
22
F 22.00300 4.23 s β- /10.82 3.48/15. 4+ 2.694 0.003 1.2746/100.
4.67/7. 2.0826/82.
5.50/62. (0.82–4.37)
23
F 23.0036 2.2 s β- /8.5 5/2+ 1.701/48.
2.129/34.
(0.493–3.83)
24
F 24.0081 0.3 s β- /13.5 1.9816/
25
F 25.0122 ~ 50. ms β-, (n) n//14. 1.70/39.
(0.57–2.19)
26
F 26.0200 10. ms β-, (n) n//11. 2.02/67.
1.67/19.
27
F 27.026 5.0 ms β-, (n) n//90. 2.02/18.
28
F 28.035 < 0.04 μs
29
F 29.043 2.5 ms β-, (n) n//100.
30
F 30.052 < 0.26 μs
31
F 31.06 > 0.26 μs
10 Ne 20.1797(6)
16
Ne 16.0258 Γ = 0.12(4) 2p 0+
17
Ne 17.017714 109. ms β+, p/14.53 1.4–10.6/6.9 1/2- 0.787 ann.rad./
β+, α /0.014 0.495
18
Ne 18.005709 1.665 s β+ /4.446 3.416/92. 0+ ann.rad./
1.0413/7.8
(0.658–1.70)
19
Ne 19.001881 17.26 s β+ /3.238 2.24/99. 1/2+ –1.885 ann.rad./
(0.11–1.55)
20
Ne 90.48(3) 19.99244018 0+
21
Ne 0.27(1) 20.9938467 3/2+ –0.66180 +0.103
22
Ne 9.25(3) 21.9913851 0+
23
Ne 22.994467 37.2 s β- /4.376 3.95/32. 5/2+ –1.08 +0.15 0.440/33.
4.39/67. (1.64–2.98)
24
Ne 23.993611 3.38 m β- /2.47 1.10/8. 0+ 0.4723/100.
1.98/92. 0.874/7.9
25
Ne 24.9978 0.61 s β- /7.30 6.3/ 1/2+ –1.006 0.0895/96.
7.3/ (0.98–3.69)
26
Ne 26.0005 197 ms β-, n/7.3 n //0.13 0+ 0.082/100
1.278/6
0.233/5
0.151/3
1.211/1
2.489/1
27
Ne 27.0076 31. ms β-, n/12.7 n //3. (3/2+)
28
Ne 28.012 19. ms β-, n/12.3 n//12. 0+ 2.06/19.
2n//3. 0.86/3.
29
Ne 29.020 15. ms β-, (n)/15.4 n//29. (3/2+) 2.92/55.
β-, 2n 2n//4. (0.22–1.18)
30
Ne 30.025 7. ms β-, (n) n//9. 0+ 0.151/9.


31
Ne 31.03 3. ms
32
Ne 32.040 ~ 3.5 ms 0+
33
Ne 33.049 < 0.26 μs
34
Ne 34.057 > 1.5 μs 0+
11 Na 22.98976928(2)
18
Na 18.027 Γ < 0.02 p
19
Na 19.0139 0.03 s β+, p/11.18
Nuclear
20
Na 20.00735 0.446 s β+ /13.89 2+ +0.3694 +0.10 ann.rad./
α 2.15/16 1.634/79.
21
Na 20.997655 22.48 s β+ /3.547 2.50/95. 3/2+ +2.3863 +0.14 ann.rad./
0.351/5.
22
Na 21.994437 2.605 a β+ /90/2.842 0.545/90. 3+ +1.746 +0.19 ann.rad./
EC/10/ 1.2745/99.9
23
Na 100. 22.98976928 3/2+ +2.21752 +0.106
24m
Na 20.2 ms I.T., β- 1+ –1.93 0.4723/100.
24
Na 23.9909630 14.96 h β- /5.5158 1.389/>99. 4+ +1.690 1.3686/100.
2.754/100.
(0.997–4.238)
25
Na 24.98995 59.3 s β- /3.835 2.6/7. 5/2+ +3.683 –0.0015 0.3897/12.7
3.15/25. 0.5850/13.
4.0/65. 0.9747/14.9
(0.836–2.80)
26
Na 25.99264 1.071 s β- /9.31 3+ +2.851 –5.3 mb 1.809/98.9
(0.24–7.37)
27
Na 26.99408 0.290 s β- /9.01 7.95/ 5/2+ +3.90 –7.2 mb 0.9847/87.4
β-, n/ 1.698/11.9
28
Na 27.9989 31. ms β- /14.0 12.3/ 1+ +2.43 +0.040 1.473/37.
β-, n/ 2.389/18.6
29
Na 29.00288 44. ms β-, n/13.3 11.5/ 3/2+ +2.45 +86. mb 2.560/36.
(1.04–3.99)
30
Na 30.00910 50. ms β-, n/17.5 n//30. 2+ +2.08 1.483/46.
31
Na 31.0132 17.2 ms β-, n/15.9 n//37. 3/2- +2.30 1.483/14.
(0.05–3.54)
32
Na 32.020 13.5 ms β- /19.1 0.240–3.935
β-, n 0.171–0.894
β-, 2n 1.483/4.2
33
Na 33.026 8.0 ms β- /20. / ~ 38 0.886/16
β-, n 0.8,1.02/47(6) 0.546/6.4
β-, 2n /13(3) 0.050–2.55
34
Na 34.034 5. ms β- /24.
35
Na 35.041 1.5 ms β- /24
36
Na 36.05 < 0.26 μs
37
Na 37.06 > 1.5 μs
12 Mg 24.304–24.307
19
Mg 19.0342 4 x 10–12 s 2p
20
Mg 20.0189 96. ms β+ /10.73 /70 0+
β+, p /30
21
Mg 21.0117 122. ms β+, p/13.10 5/2+ –0.98 0.332/51.
22
Mg 21.999571 3.876 s β+ /4.786 3.05/ 0+ 0.0729/60.
0.5820/100.
(1.28–1.93)
23
Mg 22.994124 11.32 s β+ /4.057 3.09/92. 3/2+ 0.536 1.25 0.440/8.2
24
Mg 78.951(12) 23.9850417 0+
25
Mg 10.020(8) 24.9858370 5/2+ –0.85545 +0.200
26
Mg 11.029(10) 25.9825930 0+


27
Mg 26.9843406 9.45 m β- /2.6103 1.59/41. 1/2+ –0.411 0.17068/0.9
1.75/58. 0.84376/72.
2.65/0.3 1.01443/28.
28
Mg 27.98388 20.9 h β- /1.832 0.459/95. 0+ 0.0306/95.
0.4006/36.
0.9418/36.
1.342/54.
Nuclear
29
Mg 28.9886 1.3 s β- /7.55 5.4/ 3/2+ +0.978 0.960/15.
1.398/16.
2.224/36.
30
Mg 29.99046 0.32 s β- /7.0 0+ 0.224/85.
31
Mg 30.99665 0.24 s β- /11.7 8.4/29.9 1/2+ –0.8836 1.613/47.
0.947/37.
(0.666–4.640)
β-, n /1.7
32
Mg 31.99911 0.12 s β- /10.3 0+ 2.765/25.
33
Mg 33.00533 91. ms β- /13.7 /83. 3/2- 1.848/
β-, n /17.
34
Mg 34.0089 0.02 s β- /11.3 0+
35
Mg 35.017 0.07 s (7/2-)
36
Mg 36.022 4. ms 0+
37
Mg 37.030 > 0.26 μs (7/2-)
38
Mg 38.037 > 0.26 μs 0+
39
Mg 39.045 < 0.26 μs
40
Mg 40.052 > 0.17 µs 0+
13Al 26.9815385(7)
21
Al 21.029 < 0.035 μs
22
Al 22.020 59. ms β+ /18.6 p/1.3/18. 4+ ann.rad./
p/0.48–7.52 0.584/47.
(1.25–2.15)
β+, p, 2p, α/ α/3.3/0.3
23m
Al ~ 0.35 s β+, p/0.17 0.554
0.839
23
Al 23.007244 0.47 s β+ /12.24 p/0.56/46 5/2+ 3.89 0.16 ann.rad./
β+, p/ p/2.01/20
24m
Al 0.131 s I.T./0.4259 1+ 3.0
β+ 13.3 1.3686/5.3
24
Al 23.99995 2.07 s β+ /13.878,p 3.40/48. 4+ 1.078(2)/16.
4.42/41. 1.368(2)/96.
6.80/3. 2.753(2)/43.
8.74/8. 4.315(3)/15.
5.392(3)/20.
7.0662(2)/41.
25
Al 24.990428 7.17 s β+ /4.277 3.27/ 5/2+ 3.646 0.24 ann.rad./
1.6115(2)/100.
0.975(2)/5.
26m
Al 6.345 s β+ / 3.2/ 0+ ann.rad./
26
Al 25.9868919 7.1 × 105 a β+ /82/4.0042 1.16/ 5+ +2.804 +0.27 ann.rad./
EC/18 1.8087/99.8
27
Al 100. 26.9815385 5/2+ +3.641507 +0.147
28
Al 27.981910 2.25 m β- /4.6422 2.865/100. 3+ 3.24 0.18 1.7778(6)/100.
29
Al 28.98046 6.5 m β- /3.680 1.4/30. 5/2+ 1.2732(8)/89.
2.5/70. 2.0282(8)/4.
2.4262(8)/7.
30
Al 29.9830 3.68 s β- /8.56 5.05/ 3+ 3.01 1.26313(3)/35.


2.23525(5)/65.
31
Al 30.9839 0.64 s β- /8.00 6.25/ 5/2+ 3.8 0.134 0.75223(3)/18.
1.69473(3)/59.
2.31664(4)/73.
32
Al 31.9881 33. ms β- /13.0 1+ 1.96 0.024
33
Al 32.9909 41.7 ms β- /12.0 /91.5 ~ 0.13 1.940/2.5
β-, n /8.5 (1.01–4.34)
Nuclear
34
Al 33.9967 56. ms β- /17.1 4.255/44 4 0.929/57
β-, n /26. (0.12–4.26)
35
Al 34.9998 38. ms β- /14.3 0.974/48 5/2+ 0.064/45.
β-, n / 38. (0.12–5.63)
36
Al 36.006 0.09 s β- /18.3
β-, n /<31.
37
Al 37.011 11. ms β- /16.
38
Al 38.017 > 7.6 ms
39
Al 39.023 > 8. ms
40
Al 40.030 > 0.26 μs
41
Al 41.036 > 0.26 μs
42
Al 42.044 > 0.17 µs
43
Al 43.05 > 0.17 µs
14 Si 28.084–28.086
22
Si 22.036 29. ms β+, p 1.99/20 0+
23
Si 23.025 40.7 ms β+, p/5.9 1.32 (0.6–11.6)
24
Si 24.0115 0.14 s β+, p/10.81 1.44, 3.92,1.09 0+ ann.rad./
(1.66–4.47)
25
Si 25.0041 221 ms β+, p/12.74 p/4.25/9.5 5/2+ ann.rad./
p/0.40/4.75
p/0.56–6.80
26
Si 25.99234 2.228 s β+ /5.066 3.282/ 0+ ann.rad./
0.8294(8)/22.
27
Si 26.986705 4.14 s β+ /4.8118 3.85/100. 5/2+ –0.865 ann.rad./
2.211(5)/0.2
28
Si 92.223(19) 27.976926535 0+
29
Si 4.685(8) 28.976494665 1/2+ –0.5553
30
Si 3.092(11) 29.9737701 0+
31
Si 30.9753632 2.62 h β- /1.4920 1.471/99.9 3/2+ 1.2662(5)/0.05
32
Si 31.974152 1.5 × 102 a β- /0.224 0.213/100. 0+
33
Si 32.977977 6.1 s β- /5.85 3.92 (3/2+) 1.21 1.4313(5)/13.
1.8477/100.
2.538(2)/10.
34
Si 33.9786 2.8 s β- /4.60 3.09/ 0+ 0.42907(5)/60.
1.17852(2)/64.
1.60756(5)/36.
35
Si 34.9846 0.9 s β- /10.50
36
Si 35.9867 0.5 s β- /7.9 0+
β-, n /~ 12.
37
Si 36.993 ~ 0.09 s β- /12.5
β-, n /~ 17.
38
Si 37.9955 > 1 μs β- /10.7 0+
β-, n
39
Si 39.002 48. ms β- /14.8
40
Si 40.006 33. ms 0+
41
Si 41.013 20. ms
42
Si 42.018 13. ms 0+
43
Si 43.025 > 0.26 μs


44
Si 44.031 > 0.36 µs
15 P 30.97376200(1)
24
P 24.036
25
P 25.021 < 0.03 μs
26
P 26.012 44. ms β+, p/18.1 p/0.41/18.0 3+
p/1.98/2.4
p/0.78-7.49
Nuclear
27
P 26.9992 0.3 s β+, p/11.63 p/0.73, 0.61/0.07 1/2+
28
P 27.99233 270. ms β+ /14.332 3.94/13. 3+ 0.31 ann.rad./
5.25/13. 1.779(2)/98.
6.96/16. 2.839(2)/2.8
8.8/7. 3.040(2)/3.2
11.49/52. 4.498(2)/12.
7.537(2)/9.
29
P 28.981801 4.14 s β+ /4.9431 3.945/98. 1/2+ 1.2349 ann.rad./
1.273/1.32
2.426/0.39
30
P 29.978314 2.50 m β+ /4.2323 3.245/99.9 1+ ann.rad./
2.230(3)/0.07
31
P 100. 30.97376200 1/2+ +1.13160
32
P 31.9739076 14.28 d β- /1.7106 1.710/100. 1+ –0.2524
33
P 32.97173 25.3 d β- /0.249 0.249/100. 1/2+
34
P 33.97365 12.4 s β- /5.374 3.2/15. 1+ 1.78–4.1/
5.1/85. 2.127(5)/15.
35
P 34.97331 47. s β- /3.989 2.34/100. 1/2+ 1.572(1)/100.
36
P 35.9783 5.7 s β- /10.41 0.902/77.
3.291/100.
37
P 36.9796 2.3 s β- /7.90 0.6462/
1.5829/
38
P 37.9843 0.6 s β- /12.4 1.2923/
β-, n /~ 12. 2.224/
39
P 38.986 0.3 s β- /10.5
β-, n /26
40
P 39.991 0.15 s β- /14.5
β-, n /~ 30.
41
P 40.995 0.10 s β- /~ 13.8
β-, n /~ 30.
42
P 42.001 49. ms β- /17.
β-, n / ~ 50.
43
P 43.005 36. ms β- /16.
β-, n /100.
44
P 44.011 19. ms
45
P 45.016 > 0.2 μs
46
P 46.024 > 0.2 μs
16 S 32.059–32.076
26
S 26.029 < 0.08 µs 0+
27
S 27.018 16. ms β+, 2p/18.3 p/2.26, 7.80
28
S 28.004 0.13 s 0+
29
S 28.9966 0.188 s β+ /13.79 5/2+ ann.rad./
β+, p/
30
S 29.984907 1.176 s β+ /6.138 4.42/78. 0+ ann.rad./
5.08/20. 0.678/79.
31
S 30.979557 2.553 s β+ /5.396 4.39/99. 1/2+ 0.48793 ann.rad./
1.2662(5)/1.2
32
S 94.99(26) 31.97207117 0+


33
S 0.75(2) 32.97145891 3/2+ +0.64382 –0.068
34
S 4.25(24) 33.967867 0+
35
S 34.9690323 87.2 d β- /0.1672 0.1674/100. 3/2+ +1.00 +0.047
36
S 0.01(1) 35.967081 0+
37
S 36.971126 5.05 m β- /4.8653 1.64/94. 7/2- 0.9083(4)/0.06
4.75/5.6 3.1033(2)/94.2
38
S 37.97116 2.84 h β- /2.94 1.00/ 0+ 0.1962(4)/0.2
Nuclear
1.9421(3)/84.
39
S 38.9751 11.5 s β- /6.64 1.301/52.
1.697/44.
40
S 39.97548 9. s β- /4.7 0+ (0.2116–1.874)
41
S 40.97959 ~ 2.6 s β- /8.7
β-, n
42
S 41.98107 1.03 s β- /7.8 0+ (0.118–2.912)
β-, n / < 4.
43
S 42.98691 0.26 s β- /12.
β-, n / ~ 40
44
S 43.99012 0.10 s β- /9. 0+
β-, n /18.
45
S 44.996 68. ms β- /14.
β-, n /54.
46
S 46.000 0.05 s 0+
47
S 47.008 > 0.2 μs
48
S 48.014 > 0.2 μs 0+
49
S 49.023 < 0.2 μs
17 Cl 35.446–35.457
28
Cl 28.030
29
Cl 29.015 < 0.02 μs
30
Cl 30.005 < 0.03 μs
31
Cl 30.9924 0.15 s β+, p/11.98 0.986, 1.52/0.7 3/2+ ann.rad./
2.234
0.762–2.75 1.249–4.045
32
Cl 31.985685 297. ms β+ /12.69 9.47/50. 1+ 1.11 ann.rad./
β+, α /0.05 2.2305/92
β+, p /0.026 (1.55–4.77)
33
Cl 32.977452 2.511 s β+ /5.583 4.51/98. 3/2+ +0.752 ann.rad./
0.8409/0.52
1.966/0.45
2.866/0.44
34m
Cl 32.2 m β+ / 1.35/24. 3+ ann.rad./
2.47/28.
I.T./ 0.1457(8)/42.
2.1276(5)/42.
34
Cl 33.9737625 1.528 s β+ /5.4922 4.50/100. 0+ ann.rad./
35
Cl 75.76(10) 34.9688527 3/2+ +0.82187 –0.082
36
Cl 35.9683068 3.01 × 105 a β- /0.7086 0.7093/98. 2+ +1.28547 –0.018
β+, EC/1.1421 0.115/0.002 ann.rad./
37
Cl 24.24(10) 36.9659026 3/2+ +0.68412 –0.0646
38m
Cl 0.715 s I.T./ 5- 0.6714/100
38
Cl 37.968010 37.2 m β- /4.9168 1.11/31. 2- 2.05 1.64267/33.3
2.77/11. 2.16740/44.8
4.91/58. 3.80998/0.03
39
Cl 38.96801 55.6 m β- /3.442 1.91/85. 3/2+ 0.25026(1)/47.
2.18/8. 1.26720(5)/54.


3.45/7. 0.986–1.517
40
Cl 39.9704 1.38 m β- /7.48 2- 0.6431(3)/6.
1.4608(1)/77.
2.8402(2)/17.
41
Cl 40.9707 34. s β- /5.7 3.8/ (0.167–1.359)
42
Cl 41.973 6.8 s β- /9.4
43
Cl 42.974 3.3 s β- /8.0 (0.256–1.338)
Nuclear
44
Cl 43.978 ~ 0.43 s β- /12.3 0.518
β-, n / < 8. (0.107–0.996)
45
Cl 44.980 0.40 s β- /11. 0.930
β-, n /24. (0.130–1.619)
46
Cl 45.985 0.23 s β- /14.9 0.151
β-, n / ~ 60 (0.118–1.024)
47
Cl 46.989 0.10 s β- /15.
β-, n / < 3.
48
Cl 47.996 > 0.2 μs
49
Cl 48.001 > 0.17 s
50
Cl 50.009 > 0.62 µs
51
Cl 51.016 > 0.2 μs
18 Ar 39.948(1)
30
Ar 30.023 < 0.02 μs 0+
31
Ar 31.012 ~ 14.1 ms β+ /18.4 p/2.08/100. 5/2+
β+, p /55.
β+, 2p /2.5
β+, 3p /0.11
32
Ar 31.99764 98. ms β+ /11.2 0+ ann.rad./
β+, p 3.98–6.40/22.7
33
Ar 32.989926 174. ms β+ /11.62 3.17,2.10 1/2+ –0.72 ann.rad./
β+, p/ (1.32–5.72) 0.810(2)/48.
34
Ar 33.9802701 0.844 s β+ /6.061 5.0/95. 0+ ann.rad./
0.6658(1)/2.5
3.1290(1)/1.3
35
Ar 34.975258 1.77 s β+ /5.965 4.94/93. 3/2+ +0.6322 –0.08 ann.rad./
1.2185(5)/1.22
1.763(1)/0.25
2.964(1)/0.2
36
Ar 0.3336(21) 35.9675451 0+
37
Ar 36.966776 35.0 d EC/.813 3/2+ +1.15 +0.076
38
Ar 0.0629(7) 37.962732 0+
39
Ar 38.96431 268. a β- /0.565 0.565/100. 7/2- –1.59 –0.12
40
Ar 99.6035(25) 39.96238312 0+
41
Ar 40.964501 1.82 h β- /2.492 1.198/ 7/2- 1.29364(5)/99.
1.6770(3)/0.05
42
Ar 41.96305 33. a β- /0.60 0.60/100. 0+
43
Ar 42.96564 5.4 m β- /4.6 0.4791(2)/10.
0.7380(1)/43.
0.9752(1)/100.
1.4400(3)/39.
44
Ar 43.96492 11.87 m β- /3.55 0+ 0.182–1.866
45
Ar 44.968040 21.5 s β- /6.9 7/2- 0.0610/25.
1.020/35.
3.707/34.
46
Ar 45.9681 8.4 s β- /5.70 0+ 1.944/
47
Ar 46.973 1.23 s β- 0.36/100
1.66/53


1.74/41
(2.02–4.01)
48
Ar 47.976 0.48 s 0+
49
Ar 48.982 0.17 s β-, n n// ~ 65.
50
Ar 49.986 ~ 0.085 s β-, n n// ~ 35. 0+
51
Ar 50.994 > 0.2 μs β-
52
Ar 51.999 10 ms β- 0+
Nuclear
53
Ar 53.007 > 0.62 µs β-
19 K 39.0983(1)
32
K 32.023
33
K 33.008 < 0.025 μs
34
K 33.999 < 0.04 μs
35
K 34.98805 0.19 s β+ /11.88 3/2+ 0.392 ann.rad./
β+, p/ /0.37 1.751/14.
2.5698/26.
2.9827/51.
36
K 35.981302 0.342 s β+ /12.81 5.3/42. 2+ +0.548 ann.rad./
9.9/44. 1.97044(5)/82.
β+, p /0.048 2.20783(5)/30.
2.43343(2)/32.
37
K 36.973376 1.23 s β+ /6.149 5.13/ 3/2+ +0.2032 0.106 ann.rad./
2.7944(8)/2.
3.602(2)/0.05
38m
K 924.5 ms β+ /6.742 5.02/100. 0+ ann.rad./
IT /0.033
β- /<0.001
38
K 37.969081 7.63 m β+ /5.913 2.60/99.8 3+ +1.37 ann.rad./
2.1675(3)/99.8
3.9356(5)/0.2
39
K 93.2581(44) 38.96370649 3/2+ +0.39146 +0.049
40
K 0.0117(1) 39.9639982 1.248 × 109 a β- /1.3111 1.312/89. 4- –1.29810 –0.074 ann.rad./
β+, EC/1.505 1.50/10.7 1.4608/10.5
41
K 6.7302(44) 40.96182526 3/2+ +0.21487 +0.071
42
K 41.962402 12.36 h β- /3.525 1.97/19. 2- –1.1425 0.31260(2)/0.3
3.523/81. 1.5246(3)/18.1
43
K 42.960735 22.3 h β- /1.82 0.465/8. 3/2+ +0.163 0.2211(2)/4.
0.825/87. 0.3729(2)/88.
1.24/3.5 0.3971(2)/11.
1.814/1.3 0.6178(2)/81.
44
K 43.961587 22.1 m β- /5.66 5.66/34. 2- –0.856 0.36821/2.2
1.15700(1)/58.
2.15079(2)/22.
45
K 44.960692 17.8 m β- /4.20 1.1/23. 3/2+ +0.173 0.1743(5)/80.
2.1/69. 1.2607(8)/7.
4.0/8. 1.7056(6)/69.
2.3542(5)/14.
46
K 45.961982 1.8 m β- /7.72 6.3/ 2- –1.05 1.347(1)/91.
3.700(5)/28.
47
K 46.96166 17.5 s β- /6.64 4.1/99. ½+ +1.93 0.56474(3)/15.
6.0/1. 0.58575(3)/85.
2.0131/100
48
K 47.965341 6.8 s β- /12.09 5.0/ (2-) 0.67122(1)/4.
0.6723(5)/20.
0.78016(1)/32.
3.83153(7)/80.
49
K 48.96821 1.26 s β- /11.0 ½ +1.34 2.025/


2.252/
50
K 49.97238 0.472 s β- /14.2
51
K 50.9758 0.365 s β- / +0.513 1.027/21.7
β-, n //68(10) 3.46/3.9
/2.23/0.218 (1.976–4.035)
52
K 51.982 0.105 s β- //79(12) 2.563/25.2
β-, n /1.040/0.216 2.377/6.9
Nuclear
β-, 2n 1.027/0.55
53
K 52.987 30. ms β- 3/2+ 2.22/15.3
β-, n //85(19) 2.56/51.5
54
K 53.995 10. ms β-
55
K 55.01 > 0.62 µs
56
K 56.009 > 0.62 µs
20 Ca 40.078(4)
34
Ca 34.015 < 0.035 μs 0+
35
Ca 35.005 25.7 ms β+, p/15.6 p/1.43/49
1.9–8.8
36
Ca 35.9931 0.100 s β+, (p)/10.99 p/2.61/32 0+ ann.rad./
β+, n/ p/1.71/7
37
Ca 36.985898 0.182 s β+ /11.64 p/3.19/40.7 3/2+ ann.rad./
β+, n/ p/(0.899–2.00) 1.369
38
Ca 37.976319 443.8 ms β+ /6.74 0+ ann.rad./
1.5677(5)/25.
3.210(2)/1.
39
Ca 38.970711 0.861 s β+ /6.531 5.49/100. 3/2+ 1.02168 0.04 ann.rad./
40
Ca 96.941(156) 39.9625909 5.92 × 1021 a EC-EC 0+
41
Ca 40.962278 9.9 × 104 a EC/0.4214 7/2- –1.5948 –0.090
42
Ca 0.647(23) 41.958618 0+
43
Ca 0.135(10) 42.958766 7/2- –1.31764 –0.055
44
Ca 2.086(110) 43.955482 0+
45
Ca 44.956186 162.7 d β- /0.257 0.257/100. 7/2- –1.327 +0.05
46
Ca 0.004(3) 45.95369 > 0.4 × 1016 a β-β- 0+
47
Ca 46.95454 4.536 d β- /1.992 0.684/84. 7/2- –1.38 +0.02 1.297/75
1.98/16. (0.041–1.88)
48
Ca 0.187(21) 47.95253 4.4 × 1019 a β-β- 0+
> 7.1 × 1019 a β-
49
Ca 48.955663 8.72 m β- /5.262 0.89/7. 3/2- 3.0844(1)/90.7
1.95/92. 4.0719(1)/8.12
(0.143–4.738)
50
Ca 49.95750 14. s β- /4.97 3.12/ 0+ 0.2569/98.
(0.0715–1.59)
51
Ca 50.9610 10. s β- /7.3 (3/2-)
52
Ca 51.9632 4.6 s β- /8.0 0+
53
Ca 52.969 0.4 s β- /10.9 2.11/56
54
Ca 53.973 0.1 s 0+ 0.247/65
55
Ca 54.980 22 ms
56
Ca 55.985 11 ms 0+
57
Ca 56.993 > 0.62 µs
58
Ca 57.998 > 0.62 µs
21 Sc 44.955908(5)
36
Sc 36.016 0.102 s
37
Sc 37.004 0.181 s
38
Sc 37.995 < 0.3 μs
39
Sc 38.9848 < 0.3 μs p
40
Sc 39.97797 0.182 s β+ /14.320 5.73/50. 4- ann.rad./


7.53/15. 0.752/41.
8.76/15. 3.732/99.5
9.58/20. (1.12–3.92)
41
Sc 40.969251 0.596 s β+ /6.4953 5.61/100. 7/2- +5.431 –0.156 ann.rad./
42m
Sc 61.6 s β+ / 2.82/ 7+ ann.rad./
0.4375(5)/100.
1.2270(5)/100.
Nuclear
1.5245(5)/100.
42
Sc 41.965517 0.682 s β+ /6.4259 5.32/100. 0+ ann.rad./
43
Sc 42.96115 3.89 h β+, EC/2.221 0.82/22. 7/2- +4.53 –0.21 ann.rad./
1.22/78. 0.3729(1)/22.
44m
Sc 58.2 h I.T./0.27 6+ +3.83 –0.21 0.27124(1)/87.
EC/3.926 (1.00–1.16)
44
Sc 43.95940 3.93 h β+, EC/3.653 1.47/ 2+ +2.50 +0.18 ann.rad./
1.157/100
45
Sc 100. 44.955908 7/2- +4.75649 –0.220
46m
Sc 18.7 s I.T./0.14253 1- 0.14253(2)/62.
46
Sc 45.955168 83.81 d β- /2.367 0.357/100. 4+ +3.04 +0.12 0.8893/100
1.121/100
47
Sc 46.95240 3.349 d β- /0.600 0.439/69. 7/2- +5.34 –0.22 0.15938(1)/68.
0.601/31.
48
Sc 47.95222 43.7 h β- /3.99 0.655/ 6+ 3.72 0.9835/100
1.03750(1)/97.
1.3121/100
49
Sc 48.95001 57.3 m β- /2.006 2.00/99.9. 7/2- + 5.62 1.7619(3)/0.05
50
Sc 49.9522 1.71 m β- /6.89 3.05/76. (5+) 0.5235(1)/88.
3.60/24. 1.1210(1)/100.
1.5537(2)/100.
51
Sc 50.9536 12.4 s β- /6.51 4.4/ 7/2- 1.4373(4)/52.
5.0/ 0.718–2.144
52
Sc 51.957 8.2 s β- /9.0 (3+)
53
Sc 52.959 > 3. ms β- /8.1
54m
Sc 2.8 μs I.T. (5+) 0.110/IT
54
Sc 53.964 0.53 s β- /11.6 0.100/50
1.70/40
0.50/40
55
Sc 54.968 0.103 s β- /13 0.593(1)/40
56m
Sc 0.06 s 1.161/21
0.690/19
56
Sc 55.973 35. ms β- (1+) 1.129/48
57
Sc 56.978 13. ms β-
58
Sc 57.984 12. ms β-
59
Sc 58.989 > 0.62 µs
60
Sc 59.996 > 0.62 µs
61
Sc 61.001 > 0.62 µs
22 Ti 47.867(1)
38
Ti 38.011 < 0.12 μs 0+
39
Ti 39.002 29. ms β+ /15.4 p//94
40
Ti 39.991 52. ms β+ /11.7 p/2.16/29 0+ 2.467/8.5
β+, p 3.73/23
1.70/22
0.242–5.74
41
Ti 40.9832 83. ms β+, p/12.93 p/4.73/107 3/2+ ann.rad./
3.10/67
3.75/39


0.744–6.73
42
Ti 41.973049 0.208 s β+ /7.000 6.0/48 0+ ann.rad./
0.6107(5)/56.
43
Ti 42.96852 0.50 s β+ /6.87 5.80/ 7/2- 0.85 ann.rad./
44
Ti 43.959690 59. a EC/0.268 0+ 0.06787/91
0.07832/97
45
Ti 44.95812 3.078 h β+ /86/2.062 1.04 7/2- 0.095 ~ 0.015 ann.rad./
Nuclear
EC/14/ (0.36–1.66)
46
Ti 8.25(3) 45.952628 0+
47
Ti 7.44(2) 46.951759 5/2- –0.78848 +0.30
48
Ti 73.72(3) 47.947942 0+
49
Ti 5.41(2) 48.947866 7/2- –1.10417 +0.25
50
Ti 5.18(2) 49.944787 0+
51
Ti 50.946611 5.76 m β- /2.471 1.50/92. 3/2- 0.3197(2)/93.
2.13/ 0.6094–0.9291
52
Ti 51.94689 1.7 m β- /1.97 1.8/100. 0+ 0.0170(5)/100.
0.1245/100
53
Ti 52.950 33. s β- /5.0 (2.2–3)/ 3/2- 0.1008(1)/20.
0.1276(1)/45.
0.2284(1)/39.
1.6755(5)/45.
(1.72–2.8)/
54
Ti 53.951 1.5 s β- /4.3 0+
55
Ti 54.955 1.3 s β- /7.4 0.672/44
(0.32–1.83)
56
Ti 55.958 0.20 s β- /7.0 0+
57
Ti 56.964 98. ms β- /11.
58
Ti 57.967 58. ms β- 0+ 0.114
59
Ti 58.972 29. ms β-
60
Ti 59.976 22. ms β- 0+
61
Ti 60.982 15. ms
62
Ti 61.987 > 0.62 µs
63
Ti 62.994 > 0.62 µs
64
Ti
23 V 50.9415(1)
40
V 40.013
41
V 41.000
42
V 41.992 < 0.055 μs
43
V 42.9808 79. ms β+ /11.3 p// < 2.5
44
V 43.974 0.09 s β+, α/13.7 ann.rad./
45
V 44.9658 0.54 s β+ /7.13 7/2-
46
V 45.960199 0.4227 s β+ /7.051 6.03/100. 0+ ann.rad./
47
V 46.954905 32.6 m β+, EC/2.928 1.90/99.+ 3/2- ann.rad./
1.7949(8)/0.19
(0.2–2.16)
48
V 47.95225 15.98 d β+ /4.012 0.698/50. 4+ 2.01 ann.rad./
0.9835/100
(1.3–2.4)
49
V 48.94851 337. d EC/0.602 7/2- 4.47
50
V 0.250(4) 49.94716 2.0 × 1017 a EC / > 93 6+ +3.34569 +0.21
> 15 × 1017 a β- /<7
51
V 99.750(4) 50.94396 7/2- +5.148706 –0.04
52
V 51.94477 3.76 m β- /3.976 2.47/ 3+ 1.4341(1)/100.
53
V 52.94434 1.56 m β- /3.436 2.52/ 7/2- 1.0060(5)/90.
1.2891(3)/10.


54m
V 0.9 μs I.T. (5+) 0.108/IT
54
V 53.9464 49.8 s β- /7.04 1.00/5. 3+ 0.8348/97.
2.00/12. 0.9887/80.
2.95/45. 2.259/46.
5.20/11. (0.56–3.38)
55
V 54.947 6.5 s β- /6.0 6.0/ (7/2-) 0.5177/73.
(0.224–1.21)
Nuclear
56
V 55.950 0.22 s β- /9.1 1.01/30.
0.688/26.
(0.82–1.32)
57
V 56.953 0.35 s β- /8.1 0.268/52.
0.692/20.
(0.25–1.31)
58
V 57.957 0.19 s β- /11.6 0.880/62
1.056/28
2.217/13
(1.04–1.57)
59
V 58.959 97. ms β- /9.9 0.90/80.
60m
V 0.12 s
60
V 59.964 0.07 s β- /14. 0.102–0.208
61
V 60.97 47. ms (0.071–1.144)
62
V 61.973 34. ms
63
V 62.976 18. ms
64
V 63.983 ~ 19 ms
65
V 64.988 > 0.62 µs
66
V 65.994 > 0.62 µs
67
V
24Cr 51.9961(6)
42
Cr 42.007 13. ms β+, p p/1.90/29 0+ 1.623/35
p/1.50–3.7
43
Cr 42.998 21. ms β+ /12 1.555/35
β+ ,p /81 0.838/6.2
β+ , p /7.1 1.937/1.8
β +, p /0.08
44
Cr 43.985 43. ms β+, (p)/10.3 p/0.95–3.1 0+ 0.677/59.
45
Cr 44.9791 61. ms β+, p/12.5 p/2.088/19.6 7/2- ann.rad./
p/(0.945–1.61) (1.08–1.37)
46
Cr 45.9684 0.3 s β+ /7.60 0+ ann.rad./
47
Cr 46.96290 0.51 s β+ /7.45 3/2- ann.rad./
48
Cr 47.95403 21.6 h EC/1.66 0+ ann.rad./
0.116(2)/95.
0.305(10)/100.
49
Cr 48.95133 42.3 m β+, EC/2.631 1.39/ 5/2- 0.476 ann.rad./
1.45/ 0.09064(1)/51.
1.54/ 0.15293(1)/27.
(0.062–1.6)
50
Cr 4.345(13) 49.94604 >1.3 × 1018 a β+EC 0+
51
Cr 50.94477 27.70 d EC/0.7527 7/2- –0.934 0.3201/9.8
0.00543/2.6
0.00495/0.02
52
Cr 83.789(18) 51.940606 0+
53
Cr 9.501(17) 52.940648 3/2- –0.47454 –0.22
54
Cr 2.365(7) 53.938879 0+
55
Cr 54.940838 3.497 m β- /2.603 2.5/ 3/2- 1.5282(2)/0.04
(0.13–2.37)


56
Cr 55.94065 5.9 m β- /1.62 1.50/100. 0+ 0.026(2)/100.
0.083(3)/100.
57
Cr 56.94361 21. s β- /5.1 3.3/ 3/2- 0.0834 0.850/8.
3.5/ (0.083–2.62)
58
Cr 57.944 7.0 s β- /4.0 0+ (0.131–0.683)
59m
Cr 0.10 ms I.T. (9/2+) 0.208/IT
0.193
Nuclear
0.102
59
Cr 58.949 1.0 s β- /7.7 1.236
60
Cr 59.950 0.6 s β- /6.0 0+
61
Cr 60.954 0.23 s β- /8.8 (0.157–2.378)
62
Cr 61.956 0.19 s β- /7.3 0+ (0.156–1.215)
63
Cr 62.962 0.129 s β- (0.250–3.454)
64
Cr 63.964 0.043 s β- 0+ 0.188
65
Cr 64.970 0.027 s β- 0.272, 1.368
66
Cr 65.974 23. ms β- 0+
67
Cr 66.980 > 0.3 μs
68
Cr 67.984 > 0.62 µs
25 Mn 54.938044(3)
44
Mn 44.007 < 0.105 μs
45
Mn 44.994 < 0.07 μs
46
Mn 45.986 36. ms β+ /17.1 p/3.00/6.5 0.329/11.
β+, p // ~ 58 (0.0544–1.322)
47
Mn 46.9758 88. ms β+ /12.3 p// <1.7
48
Mn 47.969 0.15 s β+ /13.5 5.79/58. 4+
4.43/10.
49
Mn 48.9596 0.38 s β+ /7.72 6.69/ 5/2- ann.rad./
50m
Mn 1.74 m β+ /7.887 3.54/ 5+ +2.76 +0.8 ann.rad./
1.0980/94.
0.783/91.
(0.66–3.11)
50
Mn 49.95424 0.283 s β+ /7.6330 6.61/ 0+ ann.rad./
51
Mn 50.94821 46.2 m β+, EC/3.208 2.2/ 5/2- 3.568 0.4 ann.rad./
0.7491(1)/0.26
(1.148–1.164)
52m
Mn 21.1 m β+ /98/5.09 2.631/ 2+ 0.0077 ann.rad./
I.T./2/0.378 0.3778 (I.T.)
1.43406(1)/98.
(0.7–4.8)
52
Mn 51.94556 5.591 d β+ /4.712 0.575/ 6+ +3.063 +0.5 ann.rad./
EC/ 0.74421(1)/90.
1.4341/100
53
Mn 52.941289 3.7 × 106 a EC/0.5970 7/2- 5.035 +0.16
54
Mn 53.94036 312.2 d EC/1.377 3+ +3.306 +0.37 0.8340/100
6.7 × 108 a β+ //1.3 × 10–7
55
Mn 100. 54.938044 5/2- +3.4687 +0.32
56
Mn 55.938904 2.579 h β- /3.6954 0.718/18. 3+ +3.2266 +0.5 0.84675/98.9
1.028/34. 1.81072(4)/26.3
2.113/13.8
(1.04–3.37)
57
Mn 56.93829 1.45 m β- /2.691 5/2-
58
Mn 57.94007 65 s β- /6.25 3.8/ 3+ 0.45916(2)/20.
5.1/ 0.81076(1)/82.
1.32309(5)/53.


59
Mn 58.94039 4.6 s β- /5.19 4.5/ 5/2- 0.726/
0.473/
0.287–2.35
60m
Mn 1.77 s β- /IT 5.7/ 3+ 0.824/
60
Mn 59.94314 0.28 s β- /8.6 8.2/88. 0+ 0.8234/12.2
6.2/5.0 1.150/5.0
7.4/4.2 1.523/3.0
Nuclear
Mn 60.94445 0.71 s β- /7.4 (5/2)- (0.202–3.146)
61
62
Mn 61.948 0.67 s β- /10.4 (3+) 0.877/
0.942–1.299
63
Mn 62.94967 0.28 s β- /8.8 0.356,0.450
64m
Mn > 0.1 ms 0.135/IT
64
Mn 63.95385 0.090 s β- /11.8 0.746
65
Mn 64.95602 0.092 s β-, n /7.9 (0.034–4.438)
66
Mn 65.9605 64 ms 0.471
67
Mn 66.964 49 ms
68
Mn 67.970 28 ms
69
Mn 68.974 16 ms
70
Mn 69.979 > 0.62 µs
71
Mn 70.984 > 0.62 µs
72
Mn
26 Fe 55.845(2)
45
Fe 45.014 2.6 ms 2p /1.14 p// ~ 59.
46
Fe 46.001 13. ms β+ /13.1 p// 79. 0+ 0.493/23.
47
Fe 46.992 21.9 ms β+ /15.6 p//87. 0.892/76.
48
Fe 47.980 45. ms β+ /11.2 p//16. 0+ 0.313/63.
49
Fe 48.973 65. ms β+ /13.0 p/1.977/34.5 (7/2-) 0.797/23.7
p/(1.161–1.550) (0.261–1.279)
50
Fe 49.9630 0.15 s β+ /8.2 0+ 0.651
51
Fe 50.9568 0.30 s β+ /8.02 (5/2-) ann.rad./
52m
Fe 46. s β+ /4.4 (12+) ann.rad./
(0.622–2.286)/
52
Fe 51.94811 8.28 h β+ /57/2.37 0.804/ 0+ ann.rad./
EC/43/ 0.16868(1)/99.
I.T./ 0.377 (I.T.)/
53m
Fe 2.6 m I.T./3.0407 19/2- 0.7011(1)/99.
1.0115(1)/87.
1.3281(1)/87.
2.3396(1)/13.
53
Fe 52.94531 8.51 m β+ /3.743 2.40/42. 7/2- ann.rad./
2.80/57. 0.3779(1)/42.
(1.2–3.2)
54
Fe 5.845(35) 53.939610 > 3.1 × 1022 a EC-EC 0+
55
Fe 54.938292 2.75 a EC/0.2314 3/2- Mn x-ray
56
Fe 91.754(36) 55.934936 0+
57
Fe 2.119(10) 56.935393 ½- +0.0906 0.16
58
Fe 0.282(4) 57.933274 0+
59
Fe 58.934874 44.51 d β- /1.565 0.273/48. 3/2- –0.336 1.099/57
0.475/51. 1.292/43.
(0.14–1.48)
60
Fe 59.93407 2.6 × 106 a β- /0.237 0.184/100. 0+ 0.0586/100
61m
Fe 0.25 μs I.T. (9/2+) 0.654/IT
0.207
61
Fe 60.93675 6.0 m β- /3.98 2.5/13. 1.205/44.
2.63/54. 1.028/43.


2.80/31. (0.12–3.37)
62
Fe 61.93679 68. s β- /2.53 2.5/100. 0+ 0.5061(1)/100.
63
Fe 62.94027 6. s β- /6.3 5/2- 0.995/
(1.365–1.427)
64
Fe 63.94099 2.0 s β- /4.9 0+
65m
Fe 1.1 s (0.413–2.996)
Fe 64.94501 0.8 s β- /7.9 (0.128–1.997)
65
Nuclear
66
Fe 65.94625 0.44 s β- /5.7 0+ 0.471–1.425
67m
Fe ~ 0.04 ms I.T. (5/2-) 0.367/IT
67
Fe 66.951 0.40 s β- /8.8 0.189/85
2.089/14
68
Fe 67.953 0.19 s β- / ~ 7.6 0+
69
Fe 68.958 0.11 s
70
Fe 69.961 0.06 s 0+
71
Fe 70.967 35 ms
72
Fe 71.970 19 ms 0+
73
Fe 72.976 > 0.4 µs
74
Fe 73.98 > 0.4 µs
27 Co 58.933194(4)
47
Co 47.01
48
Co 48.00
49
Co 48.989 < 0.035 μs
50
Co 49.981 39. ms β+ /17.0 p/2.770/41. 0.2614/64.
p/(1.874–2.296) (0.482–1.308)
51
Co 50.9707 69. ms β+ /12.8 p// < 3.8
52
Co 51.964 0.10 s β+ /14.0 0.849–1.942
53m
Co 0.23 s β+, p/ 19/2- ann.rad./
53
Co 52.9542 0.24 s β+ /8.30 7/2- ann.rad./
54m
Co 1.46 m β+ /8.44 4.25/100. 7+ ann.rad./
0.411(1)/99.
1.130(1)/100.
1.408(1)/100.
54
Co 53.948460 0.1932 s β+ /8.2430 7.34/100. 0+ ann.rad./
55
Co 54.941997 17.53 h β+ /3.4513 0.53/ 7/2- +4.822 ann.rad./
EC/ 1.03/ 0.9312/75.
1.50/ 0.4772/20.
(0.092–3.11)
56
Co 55.939839 77.3 d β+ /4.566 1.459/18. 4+ 3.85 ~+0.25 ann.rad./
EC/ 0.8468/99.9
1.2383/68.
(0.26–3.61)
57
Co 56.936291 271.8 d EC/0.8361 7/2- +4.72 +0.5 0.12206/86
(0.014–0.706)
58m
Co 9.1 h I.T./ 5+ 0.02489/0.035
58
Co 57.93575 70.88 d β+ /2.307 2+ +4.04 +0.22 ann.rad./
EC/ 0.81076/99
59
Co 100. 58.933194 7/2- +4.63 +0.41
60m
Co 10.47 m I.T./99.8/0.059 2+ +4.4 ~+0.3 0.0586/2.0
β- /0.2/1.56
60
Co 59.933816 5.271 a β- /2.824 0.315/99.7 5+ +3.799 +0.44 1.1732/100
1.3325/100
61
Co 60.93248 1.650 h β- /1.322 1.22/95. 7/2- 0.0674/86.
0.842–0.909
62m
Co 13.9 m β- / 0.88/25. 5+ 1.1635(3)/70.
2.88/75. 1.1730(3)/98.


2.0039(3)/19.
62
Co 61.9341 1.50 m β- /5.32 1.03/10. 2+ 1.1292(3)/13.
1.76/5. 1.1730(3)/83.
2.9/20. 1.9851(1)/3.
4.05/60. 2.3020(1)/19.
63
Co 62.9336 27.5 s β- /3.67 3.6/ 7/2- 0.08713(1)/49.
0.9817(3)/2.6
Nuclear
0.156–2.17
64
Co 63.9358 0.30 s β- /7.31 7.0/ 1+
Co 64.9364 1.14 s β- /5.96 (7/2)- (0.063–1.273)
65
66m2
Co > 0.1 ms I.T. (8-) 0.252/IT
0.214
0.175
Co
66m1
1.2 μs I.T. (5+) 0.175/IT
66
Co 65.9394 0.25 s β- /10.0 (1.245–1.425)
67
Co 66.94061 0.43 s β- /8.4 0.694
(0.189–2.769)
68
Co 67.944 0.19 s β- /11.7
69
Co 68.946 0.23 s β- /9.3
70
Co 69.950 0.11 s β- 13. 1.26/102
0.97/100
(0.45–0.92)
71
Co 70.952 0.09 s β- 0.566/100
β-, n // > 3 (0.25–0.77)
72
Co 71.957 60. ms β- 1.096/100
β-, n // > 6 0.845
(0.455–1.197)
73
Co 72.960 41. ms β- 0.524/100
β-, n // < 7.9 (0.24–0.76)
74
Co 73.965 30. ms β- 0.739
β-, n // ~ 18 1.024
75
Co 74.969 0.03 s β-, n //< 16
76
Co 75.97 > 0.4 µs
28 Ni 58.6934(4)
48
Ni 48.018 ~ 2.1 ms 2p p // ~ 25 0+
49
Ni 49.01 12. ms p //~83 0.965/82
50
Ni 49.99 12. ms β+, p p //70. 0+ 0.063
p /1.97/14 0.090
51
Ni 50.99 24. ms β+ /16.0 p/4.66/8.7 0.765/73
p/1.08–5.66 1.087/29
p//87. 1.546–1.743
52
Ni 51.975 38. ms β+ /11.7 p//31. 0+ 2.418/38
p/1.35/9 0.142
53
Ni 52.9682 55. ms β+, p/13.3 p//23. 7/2- ann.rad./
p/1.93/5.4 0.849/13
54
Ni 53.9579 0.11 s β+ /8.80 0+ 0.937
55
Ni 54.951331 0.20 s β+ /8.70 7.66/ 7/2- 0.98 ann.rad./
56
Ni 55.942129 6.08 d EC/2.14 0+ 0.15838/99
β+ /<10-6 0.81185(3)/87.
0.2695–0.7500
57
Ni 56.939792 35.6 h β+ /3.264 0.712/10. 3/2- –0.798 ann.rad./
EC/ 0.849/76. 1.3776/78.
(0.127–3.177)
58
Ni 68.077(19) 57.935342 > 4 × 1019 a EC-EC 0+
59
Ni 58.934346 ~ 7.6 × 104 a EC/ 3/2-


60
Ni 26.223(15) 59.930786 0+
61
Ni 1.1399(13) 60.931056 3/2- –0.75002 +0.16
62
Ni 3.6345(40) 61.928345 0+
63
Ni 62.929670 99. a β- /0.066945 0.065/ ½-
64
Ni 0.9255(19) 63.927967 0+
65
Ni 64.930085 2.517 h β- /2.137 0.65/30. 5/2- 0.69 0.36627(3)/5.
1.020/11. 1.11553(4)/16.
Nuclear
2.140/58. 1.48184(5)/23.
66
Ni 65.92914 54.6 h β- /0.23 0+
67m
Ni 13.3 μs I.T. 9/2+ 0.56 0.313/IT
0.694
67
Ni 66.93157 21. s β- /3.56 3.8/ ½- +0.601 1.0722/100.
1.6539/100.
(0.10–1.98)
68m2
Ni 0.34 μs 0.511
68m1
Ni 0.86 ms I.T. (5-) 0.814/IT
2.033
68
Ni 67.93187 29. s β- /2.06 0+
Ni
69m2
0.44 μs I.T. (17/2) 0.148/IT
0.593
1.959
Ni
69m1
3.5 s
69
Ni 68.93561 11. s β- /5.4 0.6807(3)/100.
(0.207–1.213)
70m
Ni 0.21 μs I.T. (8+) 0.183/IT
0.448
0.970
1.259
70
Ni 69.93643 6.0 s β- /3.5 0+
71
Ni 70.94052 2.56 s β- /6.9
72
Ni 71.94179 1.6 s β- /5.2 0+
73
Ni 72.94621 0.84 s β- /9.
74
Ni 73.948 0.9 s β- /7. 0+
75
Ni 74.953 0.34 s β-, n /10
76
Ni 75.955 0.24 s β-, n /14 0+
77
Ni 76.961 0.13 s β-, n / ~ 30
78
Ni 77.96 ~ 0.11 s 0+
79
Ni 78.97 > 0.4 µs
29 Cu 63.546(3)
52
Cu 51.997
53
Cu 52.985 < 0.13 µs
54
Cu 53.977 < 0.075 μs
55
Cu 54.966 ~ 27. ms β+ /13.2 p//15.
56
Cu 55.959 93. ms β+ /15.3 0.511/233
2.700/100
0.9507–3.287
57
Cu 56.949213 196. ms β+ /8.77 3/2- +2.58 0.77–3.01
58
Cu 57.944533 3.21 s β+ /8.563 4.5/15. 1+ +0.48 –0.15 ann.rad./
EC/ 7.439/83. 0.0403(4)/5.
1.4483(2)/11.
1.4546(2)/16.
59
Cu 58.939498 1.36 m β+ /4.800 1.9/ 3/2- +1.91 –0.19 ann.rad./
3.75/ 0.3393(1)/8.
0.8780(1)/12.
1.3015(1)/15.


(0.4–2.6)
60
Cu 59.93736 23.7 m β+ /6.127 2.00/69. 2+ +1.219 +0.12 ann.rad./
EC/ 3.00/18. 1.3325/88.
3.92/6. 1.7915/45.
(0.12–5.048)
61
Cu 60.93346 3.35 h β+ /2.237 0.56/3. 3/2- +2.109 –0.21 ann.rad./
0.94/5. 0.2830/13.
Nuclear
1.15/2. 0.6560/11.
1.220/51. (0.067–2.123)
62
Cu 61.932595 9.67 m β+ /98/3.948 2.93/98. 1+ –0.381 –0.22 ann.rad./
EC/ 1.17302(1)/0.6
(0.87–3.37)
63
Cu 69.15(15) 62.929598 3/2- +2.2273 –0.211
64
Cu 63.929764 12.700 h β- /0.579/38.5 0.578/ 1+ –0.2164 +0.07 ann.rad./35.1
β+ /1.6751/17.6 0.65/ 1.3459(3)/0.475
EC//43.5
65
Cu 30.85(15) 64.927790 3/2- +2.3817 –0.195
66
Cu 65.928869 5.09 m β- /2.642 1.65/6. 1+ –0.282 +0.06 0.8330(1)/0.22
2.7/94. 1.0392(2)/9.2
67
Cu 66.92773 2.580 d β- /0.58 0.395/56. 3/2- +2.514 –0.17 0.09125(1)/7.
0.484/23. 0.09325(1)/17.
0.577/20. 0.18453(1)/47.
68m
Cu 3.79 m I.T./86/ 6- +1.155 –0.44 0.0843(5)/70.
β- /14/1.8 0.1112(5)/18.
0.5259(5)/74.
(0.64–1.34)
68
Cu 67.92961 31. s β- /4.46 3.5/40. 1+ +2.393 –0.08 1.0774(5)/58.
4.6/31. 1.2613(5)/17.
(0.15–2.34)
69m
Cu 0.36 μs I.T. (13/2+) +1.5 0.075/IT
0.190/IT
0.680
1.871
69
Cu 68.92943 2.8 m β- /2.68 2.48/80. 3/2- +2.838 –0.15 0.5307(3)/3.
0.8340(5)/6.
1.0065(8)/10.
70m2
Cu 6.6 s β/93 1+ +1.778 –0.12 0.8849/100
1.072/19
IT/7 0.141/ IT
70m1
Cu 33. s β- /52 2.52/10. 3- -3.364 –0.13 0.8848(2)/100.
IT/48 0.9017(2)/90.
1.2517(5)/60.
(0.39–3.06)
70
Cu 69.93239 44.5 s β- /6.60 5.42/54. 6- +1.367 –0.29 0.8848(2)/100.
6.09/46. 0.9017/99.7
(0.438–3.062)
71m
Cu 0.28 μs I.T. (19/2) 0.133/IT
0.494
0.939
1.189
71
Cu 70.93268 20. s β- /4.56 3/2- +2.275 –0.19 0.490/
72m
Cu 1.76 μs I.T. (4-) 0.051/IT
0.082
0.138
72
Cu 71.93582 6.6 s β- /8.2 2 (-) –1.347 +0.08 0.652/


73
Cu 72.93667 4.2 s β- /6.3 5.8/43 3/2 (-) +1.743 –0.20 0.450/100
6.25/42 0.307–1.559
74
Cu 73.93988 1.59 s β- /9.9 2 (-) –1.07 +0.26
Cu 74.94152 1.2 s β- /7.9 5/2- +1.006 –0.27 (0.109–4.895)
75
76m
Cu 1.2 s
76
Cu 75.94528 0.64 s β- /11. /88.
β-, n /7.
Nuclear
77
Cu 76.948 0.47 s β- / ~ 10. 5/2- +1.6 0.5057
β-, n /30 (.1147–3827)
78
Cu 77.952 0.34 s β- /12. /35 (6-) (0.576–0.908)
β-, n /65 0.1147
79
Cu 78.955 0.22 s β- //28
β-, n//72 /7
80
Cu 79.961 ~ 0.17 s
81
Cu 80.966 > 0.4 µs
82
Cu 81.972 > 0.4 µs
30 Zn 65.38(2)
54
Zn 53.992 1.6 ms 2p p//92 0+
55
Zn 54.966 20. ms p//91.
56
Zn 55.973 30. ms p//86. 0+
57
Zn 56.965 47. ms β+, p/14.6 (7/2-) ann.rad./
58
Zn 57.9546 0.09 s β+ 0+
59
Zn 58.94931 183. ms β+, p/9.09 8.1/ 3/2- ann.rad./
(0.491–0.914)
60
Zn 59.941842 2.40 m β+ /97/4.16 0+ ann.rad./
EC/3/ 0.669/47.
(0.062–0.947)
61
Zn 60.9395 1.485 m β+ /5.64 4.38/68. 3/2- ann.rad./
0.4748/17.
(0.15–3.52)
62
Zn 61.934334 9.22 h β+ /3/1.63 0.66/7. 0+ ann.rad./
EC/93/ 0.0408/25
0.5967/26.
(0.20–1.526)/
63
Zn 62.93321 38.5 m β+ /93/3.367 1.02/ 3/2- –0.28164 +0.29 ann.rad./
EC/7/ 1.40/ 0.66962(5)/8.4
1.71/ 0.96206(5)/6.6
2.36/84. (0.24–3.1)
64
Zn 49.17(75) 63.929142 >7. × 1020 a EC-β+ 0+
65
Zn 64.929241 244. d β+ /98/1.3514 0.325/ 5/2- +0.7690 –0.023 ann.rad./
EC/1.5/ 1.1155/50.2
66
Zn 27.73(98) 65.92603 0+
67
Zn 4.04(16) 66.92713 5/2- +0.8753 +0.151
68
Zn 18.45(63) 67.92484 0+
69m
Zn 13.76 h I.T./99+/0.439 9/2+ 1.157 0.4390(2)/95.
69
Zn 68.92655 56. m β- /0.906 0.905/99.9 ½- 0.318/
70
Zn 0.61(10) 69.92532 > 2.3 × 1017 a β-β- 0+
71m
Zn 3.97 h β- / 1.45/ 9/2+ 1.05 0.3864/93.
0.4874/62.
0.6203/57.
(0.099–2.489)
71
Zn 70.92772 2.4 m β- /2.81 ½- 0.5116(1)/30.
0.9103(1)/7.5
(0.12–2.29)
72
Zn 71.92684 46.5 h β- /0.46 0.25/14. 0+ 0.0164(3)/8.


0.30/86. 0.1447(1)/83.
0.1915(2)/9.4
73m
Zn 6. s I.T./0.196 (7/2+) 0.042
73
Zn 72.92958 24. s β- /4.29 4.7/ (1/2-) 0.216(1)/100.
0.496–0.911
74
Zn 73.92941 1.60 m β- /2.3 2.1/ 0+ 0.0565/
0.1401/
Nuclear
(0.05–0.35)
75
Zn 74.93284 10.2 s β- /6.0 0.229/
76
Zn 75.93312 5.7 s β- /4.2 3.6/ 0+ 0.119/
77m
Zn 1.0 s β- / (1/2-) 0.772
77
Zn 76.93689 2.1 s β- /7.3 4.8/ 0.189/
78m
Zn > 0.03 ms 1.070
78
Zn 77.93829 1.5 s β- /6.4 0+ 0.225/
79
Zn 78.94264 1.0 s β- /8.6 0.702/
β-, n /2
80
Zn 79.94455 0.56 s β- /7.3 0+ 0.713/
β-, n / <18 0.2248/
Zn 80.95040 0.30 s β- /11.9 (0.351–4.880)

81
β-, n//12 / ~30

82
Zn 81.954 0.23 s 0+
83
Zn 82.961 0.12 s
84
Zn 83.965 > 0.4 µs
85
Zn 84.972 > 0.4 µs
31 Ga 69.723(1)
56
Ga 55.995
57
Ga 56.983
58
Ga 57.975
59
Ga 58.964 < 0.043 μs
60
Ga 59.957 0.07 s β+ 1.004
β+, p // ~ 1.6 3.848
β+, α // ~ 0.02 1.555–2.559
61
Ga 60.9494 0.17 s β+ /9.0 3/2- 0.088–1.362
62
Ga 61.944190 116.1 ms β+ /9.17 8.3/99.89 0+ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.954/0.085
(0.851–5.92)
63
Ga 62.93929 32. s β+ /5.5 4.5/ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.6271(2)/10.
0.6370(2)/11.
1.0652(4)/45.
64m
Ga 0.022 ms 0.0429
64
Ga 63.93684 2.63 m β+ /7.165 2.79/ 0+ ann.rad./
6.05/ 0.80785(1)/14.
0.99152(1)/43.
1.38727(1)/12.
3.3659(1)/13.
65
Ga 64.93273 15.2 m β+ /86/3.255 0.82/10. 3/2- ann.rad./
EC/ 1.39/19. 0.1151(2)/55.
2.113/56. 0.1530(2)/96.
2.237/15. 0.2069(2)/39.
(0.06–2.4)
66
Ga 65.93159 9.31 h β+ /56/5.175 0.74/1. 0+ ann.rad./
EC/43/ 1.84/54. 1.03935(8)/38.
4.153/51. 2.7523(1)/23.


(0.28–5.01)
67
Ga 66.92820 3.261 d EC/1.001 3/2- +1.8507 +0.20 0.09332/37.
0.18459/20.
0.30024/17.
(0.091–0.89)
68
Ga 67.92798 1.130 h β+ /90/2.921 1.83/ 1+ 0.01175 0.028 ann.rad./
EC/10/ 1.0774(1)/3.
Nuclear
(0.57–2.33)/
69
Ga 60.108(9) 68.92557 3/2- +2.01659 +0.165
70
Ga 69.92602 21.1 m EC/0.2/0.655 1+ 0.1755(5)/0.15
β- /99.8/1.656 1.65/99. 1.042(5)/0.48
71
Ga 39.892(9) 70.92470 > 2.4 × 1026 a β- 3/2- +2.56227 +0.104
72
Ga 71.92637 14.10 h β- /4.001 0.64/40. 3- –0.13224 +0.52 0.8340/95.53
1.51/9. 2.202/26.9
2.52/8. 0.630/26.2
3.15/11. (0.113–3.678)
73
Ga 72.92517 74.87 h β- /1.59 1/2- +0.209 0.05344(5)/10.
0.29732(5)/47.
(0.01–1.00)/
74m
Ga 10. s I.T./ 1+ 0.0565(1)/75.
74
Ga 73.92695 8.1 m β- /5.4 2.6/ (3-) +0.55 0.5959/92.
2.354/45.
(0.23–3.99)
75
Ga 74.92650 2.10 m β- /3.39 3.3/ 3/2- +1.836 –0.29 0.2529/
0.5746/
(0.12–2.10)
76
Ga 75.92883 29. s β- /7.0 2- –0.95 +0.33 0.5629/66.
0.5455/26.
(0.34–4.25)
77
Ga 76.92915 13.0 s β- /5.3 5.2/ 3/2- +2.020 –0.21 0.469/
0.459/
78
Ga 77.93161 5.09 s β- /8.2 2- –1.22 +0.33 0.619/77.
1.187/20.
79
Ga 78.93285 2.85 s β- /7.0 4.6/ 3/2- +1.047 +0.16 0.465/
80a
Ga 1.9 s 3 (-)
80b
Ga 79.93642 1.3 s β- /10.4 10./ 0.659/
81
Ga 80.93813 1.22 s β- /8.3 5.1/ 5/2- +1.747 –0.05 0.217/
β-, n / <21
82
Ga 81.94318 0.599 s β- /12.6 1.348/
β-, n /30
83
Ga 82.94712 0.308 s β- /~ 11.5 1.348
Ga 83.952 ~ 0.085 s β- /14 (0.624–3.502)
84
β-, n /74 (0.248–3.238)

85
Ga 84.957 0.092 s
86
Ga 85.963 0.04 s β- //20 0.527
β-, n//60 (0.107–0.365)
β-,2n//20 0.624
87
Ga 86.968 > 0.4 µs
32 Ge 72.630(8)
58
Ge 57.992 0+
59
Ge 58.982
60
Ge 59.970 > 0.11 μs 0+
61
Ge 60.964 ~ 44. ms β+ /13.6
62
Ge 61.955 0.13 s 0+
63
Ge 62.9496 0.15 s β- /9.8


64
Ge 63.94169 1.06 m β+ /4.4 3.0/ 0+ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.1282(2)/11.
β+, p 0.4270(3)/37.
0.6671(3)/17.
65
Ge 64.93937 31. s β+ /6.2 0.82/10. ann.rad./
EC/ 1.39/19. 0.0620/27.
EC, p 2.113/56. 0.6497/33.
Nuclear
2.237/15. 0.8091/21.
β+, p //0.011 (0.19–3.28)
66
Ge 65.93386 2.26 h β+ /27/2.10 0+ ann.rad./
EC/73/ 0.0438/29.
0.3819/28.
(0.022–1.77)
67
Ge 66.93273 19.0 m β+ /96/4.225 1.6/ ½- ann.rad./
EC/4/ 2.3/ 0.1670/84.
3.15/ (0.25–3.73)
68
Ge 67.92810 270.8 d EC/0.11 0+ Ga k x-ray/39.
69
Ge 68.92796 1.63 d β+ /36/2.2273 0.70/ 5/2- 0.735 0.02 ann.rad./
EC/64/ 1.2/ 0.574/13.
1.1068/36.
(0.2–2.04)
70
Ge 20.52(19) 69.92425 0+
71m
Ge 20.4 ms I.T./0.0234 9/2+ –1.041 ~ 0.34 0.1749
71
Ge 70.92495 11.2 d EC/0.229 ½- +0.547
72
Ge 27.45(15) 71.9220758 0+
73
Ge 7.76(8) 72.9234590 > 1.8 × 1023 a β- 9/2+ –0.879468 –0.17
74
Ge 36.52(12) 73.9211778 0+
75m
Ge 48. s I.T./ 7/2+ 0.13968(3)/39.
75
Ge 74.9228584 1.380 h β- /1.177 1.19/ ½- +0.510 0.26461(5)/11.
0.41931(5)/0.2
76
Ge 7.75(12) 75.9214027 1.5 × 1021 a β-β- 0+
77m
Ge 53. s I.T./20/ ½- 1.605/0.22
β- /80/2.861 2.9/ 1.676/0.16
0.195–1.482
77
Ge 76.9235498 11.25 h β- /2.702 0.71/23. 7/2+ 0.2110/29.
1.38/35. 0.2155/27.
2.19/42. 0.2644/51.
(0.15–2.35)
78
Ge 77.92285 1.45 h β- /0.95 0.70/ 0+ 0.2773(5)/96.
0.2939(5)/4.
79m
Ge 39. s β- /IT 7/2+
79
Ge 78.9254 19.1 s β- /4.2 4.0/20. ½- 0.1096/21.
4.3/80. (0.10–2.59)
0.5427(4)/15.
80
Ge 79.9253 29.5 s β- /2.67 2.4/ 0+ 0.1104(4)/6.
0.2656(4)/25.
81m
Ge ~ 7.6 s β- / 3.75/ ½+ 0.3362(4)/
0.7935(4)/
81
Ge 80.92883 ~ 7.6 s β- /6.2 3.44/ 9/2+ 0.1976(4)/21.
0.3362(4)/100.
82
Ge 81.92977 4.6 s β- /4.7 1.093/80 0+ 1.093/
83
Ge 82.93454 1.9 s β- /8.9
β-, n /63
84
Ge 83.93758 0.95 s β- /7.7 0+
85
Ge 84.94297 0.49 s β- /10.


86
Ge 85.947 0.23 s 0+
87
Ge 86.953 > 0.3 μs
88
Ge 87.957 > 0.3 μs 0+
89
Ge 88.964 > 0.3 μs
90
Ge 89.969 > 0.4 µs
33 As 74.92159(1)
60
As 59.994
Nuclear
61
As 60.981
62
As 61.974
63
As 62.964 < 0.043 μs
64
As 63.957 0.02 s
65
As 64.959 0.13 s β+ /9.4
66m2
As 8. μs
66m1
As 1.1 μs
66
As 65.94415 95.8 ms β+ /9.55 (0.259–1.946)
67
As 66.939251 42. s β+ /6.0 5.0/ 5/2- 0.121/
EC/ 0.123/
0.244/
68
As 67.93677 2.53 m β+ /8.1 3+ ann.rad./
0.652/32.
0.762/33.
1.016/77.
(0.61–3.55)
69
As 68.9323 15.2 m β+ /98/4.01 2.95/ 5/2- +1.623 ann.rad./
EC/2/ 0.0868(5)/1.5
0.1458(3)/2.4
70
As 69.9309 52.6 m β+ /84/6.22 1.44/ 4+ +2.1061 +0.09 ann.rad./
EC/16/2.14 1.0395(7)/82.
/2.89 (0.17–4.4)/
71
As 70.92711 2.72 d β+ /32/2.013 5/2- +1.6735 –0.02 ann.rad./
EC/68/ 0.1749(2)/84.
1.0957(2)/4.2
72
As 71.92675 26.0 h β+ /77/4.356 0.669/5. 2- –2.1566 –0.08 ann.rad./
1.884/12. 0.83395(5)/80.
2.498/62. 1.0507(1)/9.6
3.339/19. (0.1–4.0)
73
As 72.92383 80.3 d EC/0.341 3/2- 0.0133/0.1
0.0534/10.5
Se k x-ray/90.
74
As 73.92393 17.78 d β+ /31/2.562 0.94/26. 2- –1.597 ann.rad./
EC/37/ 1.53/3. 0.59588(1)/60.
β- /1.353 0.71/16. 0.6084(1)/0.6
1.35/16. 0.6348(1)/15.
75m
As 0.017 s
75
As 100. 74.92159 3/2- +1.43947 +0.31
76
As 75.92239 26.3 h β- /2.962 0.54/3. 2- –0.903 0.5591(1)/45.
1.785/8. 0.65703(5)/6.2
2.410/36. 1.21602(1)/3.4
2.97/51. (0.3–2.67)
77
As 76.92065 38.8 h β- /0.683 0.70/98. 3/2- +1.295 0.2391(2)/1.6
0.2500(3)/0.4
0.5208/0.43
78
As 77.9218 1.512 h β- /4.21 3.00/12. 2- 0.6136(3)/54.
3.70/17. 0.6954(3)/18.
4.42/37. 1.3088(3)/10.


79m
As 1.21 μs I.T. 9/2+ 0.542/IT
0.231
79
As 78.92095 9.0 m β- /2.28 1.80/95. 3/2- 0.0955(5)/16.
0.3645(5)/1.9
80
As 79.92248 16. s β- /5.64 3.38/ 1+ 0.6662(2)/42.
(2.5–3.0)
81
As 80.92213 33. s β- /3.856 3/2- 0.4676(2)/20.
Nuclear
0.4911(2)/8.
82m
As 13.7 s β- / 3.6/ 5- 0.6544(1)/77.
0.344/65.
(0.561–1.894)
82
As 81.92474 19. s β- /7.4 7.2/80. (2-) 0.6544(1)/54.
(0.755–3.667)
83
As 82.92521 13.4 s β- /5.5 0.7345/100.
1.1131/34.
2.0767/28.
84m
As 0.6 s β-
84
As 83.92930 3.2 s β-, n/7.2 1- 0.6671(2)/21.
1.4439(5)/49.
(0.325–5.150)
85
As 84.93216 2.03 s β-, n/8.9 3/2- 0.667(1)/42.
1.4551(2)/100.
86
As 85.93670 0.95 s β-, n/11.4 0.704/
87
As 86.94029 0.49 s β-, n/10. 0.704/
88
As 87.946 ~ 0.2 s
89
As 88.950 > 0.3 μs
90
As 89.956 > 0.3 μs
91
As 90.960 > 0.3 μs
92
As 91.967 > 0.3 μs
34 Se 78.971(8)
64
Se 63.971 > 0.18 μs 0+
65
Se 64.964 0.011 s β+ /60/14.
β+, p 3.55/
66
Se 65.956 0.03 s 0+
67
Se 66.9500 0.13 s β+ /10.2 ann.rad./
β+, (p)/ 0.352
68
Se 67.94183 36. s β+ /4.7 0+ ann.rad./
(0.050–0.426)
69
Se 68.93941 27.4 s β+ /6.78 5.006/ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.0664(4)/27.
β+, p // ~ 0.045 0.0982(4)/63.
70
Se 69.93352 41.1 m β+ /2.4 0+ ann.rad./
0.04951(5)/35.
0.4262(2)/29.
71
Se 70.93221 4.7 m β+ /4.4 3.4/36. 5/2- ann.rad./
EC/ 0.1472(3)/47.
0.8309(3)/13.
1.0960(3)/10.
72
Se 71.92714 8.5 d EC/0.34 0+ 0.0460(2)/57.
73m
Se 40. m I.T./73/0.0257 0.85 3/2- ann.rad./
β+ /27/2.77 1.45/ 0.0257(2)/27.
1.70/ 0.2538(1)/2.5
73
Se 72.92676 7.1 h β+ /65/2.74 0.80/ 9/2+ 0.86 ann.rad./
EC/35/ 1.32/95. 0.0670(1)/72.


1.68/1. 0.3609(1)/97.
(0.6–1.5)
74
Se 0.86(3) 73.9224759 > 5.5×1018 a EC-EC 0+
75
Se 74.9225229 119.78 d EC/0.864 5/2+ 0.68 1.0 0.13600/55
0.26465/58
(0.024–0.821)
76
Se 9.23(7) 75.9192137 0+
Nuclear
77m
Se 17.4 s I.T./ 7/2+ 0.1619(2)/52.
77
Se 7.60(7) 76.9199142 ½- +0.53506
78
Se 23.69(22) 77.917309 0+
79m
Se 3.92 m I.T./ 0.09573(3)/9.5
79
Se 78.918499 3.3 × 105 a β- /0.151 7/2+ –1.02 +0.8
80
Se 49.80(36) 79.91652 0+
81m
Se 57.3 m I.T./99/0.1031 7/2+ 0.1031(3)/9.7
0.2602(2)/0.06
0.2760/0.06
81
Se 80.91799 18.5 m β- /1.585 1.6/98. ½- 0.2759/0.85
0.2901/0.75
0.8283/0.32
82
Se 8.82(15) 81.91670 9. × 1019 a β-β- 0+
83m
Se 1.17 m β- /3.96 2.88/ ½- 0.35666(6)/17.
3.92/ 0.9879(1)/15.
1.0305(1)/21.
2.0514(2)/11.
(0.19–3.1)
83
Se 82.91912 22.3 m β- /3.668 0.93/ 9/2+ 0.22516(6)/33.
1.51/ 0.35666(6)/69.
0.51004(8)/45.
(0.21–2.42)
84
Se 83.91847 3.3 m β- /1.83 1.41/100. 0+ 0.4088(5)/100.
85
Se 84.92226 32. s β- /6.18 5.9/ 5/2+ 0.3450(1)/22.
0.6094(1)/41.
86
Se 85.92431 15. s β- /5.10 0+ 2.0124(1)/24.
2.4433(8)/100.
2.6619(1)/49.
87
Se 86.92869 5.4 s β- /7.28 5/2+ 0.468(1)/100.
n/ 1.4979(1)/23.
88
Se 87.93142 1.5 s β-, n/6.85 0+ 0.5346/
89
Se 88.93667 0.41 s β-, n/9.0
90
Se 89.940 0.20 s 0+
91
Se 90.946 0.27 s β-, n/8.
92m
Se 10 µs (0.503–0.898)
92
Se 91.950 > 0.3 μs 0+
93
Se 92.956 > 0.3 μs
94
Se 93.960 > 0.3 μs 0+
95
Se 94.967 > 0.4 µs
35 Br 79.901–79.907
67
Br 66.965
68
Br 67.959 < 1.5 μs
69
Br 68.9505 < 0.024 μs β+ /9.6
70m
Br 2.2 s 9+
70
Br 69.9448 ~ 0.08 s β+ /10.0 /0.75
71
Br 70.93934 21. s β+ /6.9
72
Br 71.93659 1.31 m β+ /8.7 3 0.6 0.4547–1.317
73
Br 72.93167 3.4 m β+ /4.7 3.7/ 3/2- ann.rad./


0.065–0.700
74m
Br 46. m β+ / 4.5/ 4- 1.82 ann.rad./
0.6348
0.7285
(0.2–4.38)
74
Br 73.92991 25.4 m β+ /6.91 4 (+) ann.rad./
0.6341
Nuclear
0.6348
(0.2–4.7)
75
Br 74.92581 1.62 h β+ /76/3.03 3/2- +0.75 ann.rad./
0.28650
(0.1–1.56)
76m
Br 1.4 s I.T./5.05 4+ 0.104548
0.05711
76
Br 75.9245 16.0 h β+ /57/4.96 1.9/ 1- 0.54821 0.270 ann.rad./
3.68/ 0.55911
1.85368
(0.4–4.6)
77m
Br 4.3 m I.T./0.1059 9/2+ 0.1059
77
Br 76.92138 2.376 d EC/99/1.365 3/2- 0.973 +0.53 ann.rad./
0.23898
0.52069
(0.08–1.2)
78
Br 77.92115 6.45 m β+ /92/3.574 1.2/ 1+ 0.13 ann.rad./
EC/8/ 2.5/ 0.61363
(0.7–3.0)
79m
Br 4.86 s I.T./0.207 9/2+ 0.2072
79
Br 50.69(7) 78.91834 3/2- +2.106400 +0.31
80m
Br 4.42 h I.T./0.04885 5- +1.3177 +0.70 Br k x-ray
0.03705/39.1
0.04885/0.3
80
Br 79.91853 17.66 m β- /92/2.004 1.38 β- /7.6 1+ 0.5140 +0.18 ann.rad./
EC/5.7/1.8706 1.99 β- /82 0.6169/6.7
β+ /2.6/ 0.85 β+ /2.8 (0.64–1.45)
81
Br 49.31(7) 80.91629 3/2- +2.270562 +0.26
82m
Br 6.1 m I.T./98/0.046 2- 0.046/0.24
β- /2 /3.139 (0.62–2.66)
82
Br 81.91680 1.471 d β- /3.093 0.444/ 5- +1.6270 0.69 0.5544/71
0.61905/43
0.77649/84
(0.013–1.96)
83
Br 82.91518 2.40 h β- /0.972 0.395/1 3/2- 0.52964
0.925/99 (0.12–0.68)
84m
Br 6.0 m β- /4.97 2.2/100 (6-) 0.4240/100
0.8817/98
1.4637/101
84
Br 83.9165 31.8 m β- /4.65 2.70/11 2- 2. 0.8816/41
3.81/20 1.8976/13
4.63/34 (0.23–4.12)
85
Br 84.91565 2.87 m β- /2.87 2.57 3/2- 0.80241/2.56
0.92463/1.6
(0.09–2.4)
86
Br 85.91881 55.5 s β- /7.63 3.3 (2-) 1.56460/64
7.4 2.75106/21
(0.5–6.8)


87
Br 86.92067 55.6 s β- /6.85 6.1/ 3/2- 1.41983/55.
n/ 1.578/45.
(0.173–1.76)
88m
Br 5.1 μs
88
Br 87.92408 16.3 s β- /8.96 1- 0.7649
n/ 0.7753
0.8021
Nuclear
(0.1–6.99)
89
Br 88.92671 4.35 s β- /8.16 3/2- 0.7753
n/ 1.0978
90
Br 89.93129 1.91 s β- /10.4 8.3/ 2- 0.6555
n/ 9.8/ 0.7071
1.3626
91
Br 90.93440 0.54 s β- /90 /9.80 0.263
β- n/10 / 0.803
92
Br 91.93963 0.31 s β- /12.20 0.740
β- n/
93
Br 92.943 0.15 s β- /11 0.117–0.593
β- n //~53 (0.237–3.606)
94
Br 93.949 0.07 s β- n/
95m
Br 7 µs 0.5379
95
Br 94.953 > 0.3 μs
96m
Br 3 µs 0.3115
96
Br 95.959 > 0.3 μs
97
Br 96.963 > 0.3 μs
98
Br 97.969 > 0.4 µs
36 Kr 83.798(2)
69
Kr 68.965 27. ms β+, (p) 4.07/
70
Kr 69.956 0.06 s 0+
71
Kr 70.950 100. ms β+, EC/10.1 (0.198–0.207)
72
Kr 71.9421 17.1 s β+ /5.0 0+ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.3099/15.3
0.4150/12.8
(0.305–3.305)
73
Kr 72.93929 28. s β+ /6.7 5/2- ann.rad./
EC/ 0.1781/66
β+, p/ /0.25 (0.06–0.86)
74
Kr 73.93308 11.5 m β+ /3.1 0+ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.08970/31
0.2030/20
(0.010–1.06)
75
Kr 74.9309 4.3 m β+ /4.90 3.2/ 5/2+ –0.531 +1.1 ann.rad./
EC/ 0.1325/68
0.1547/21
(0.02–1.7)
76
Kr 75.92591 14.8 h EC/1.31 0+ Br k x-ray
0.270/21
0.3158/39
(0.03–1.07)
77
Kr 76.92467 1.24 h β+ /80/3.06 5/2+ –0.583 +0.9 ann.rad./
EC/20/ 1.55/ 0.1297/80
1.70/ 0.1465/38
1.87/ (0.02–2.3)
78
Kr 0.355(3) 77.920365 9. × 1021 a EC-EC 0+
79m
Kr 53. s I.T./0.1299 7/2+ –0.786 +0.40 Kr x-ray


79
Kr 78.92008 1.455 d β+ /7 /1.626 ½- +0.536 ann.rad./
EC/93 / 0.2613/13
0.39756/19
0.6061/8
(0.04–1.3)
80
Kr 2.286(10) 79.916378 0+
81m
Kr 13.1 s I.T./0.1904 ½- +0.586 0.1904
Nuclear
81
Kr 80.91659 2.1 × 105 a EC/0.2807 7/2+ –0.908 +0.644 Br k x-ray
0.2760
82
Kr 11.593(31) 81.91348 0+
83m
Kr 1.86 h I.T./0.0416 ½- +0.591 Kr k x-ray
0.00940
0.03215/0.055
83
Kr 11.500(19) 82.914127 9/2+ –0.970669 +0.259
84
Kr 56.987(15) 83.91149773 0+
85m
Kr 4.48 h β- /79 / 0.83/79 ½- + 0.633 0.30487
I.T./21 /0.305 0.15118
85
Kr 84.91253 10.73 a β- /0.687 0.15/0.4 9/2+ 1.005 +0.443 0.51399
86
Kr 17.279(41) 85.91061063 0+
87
Kr 86.913355 1.27 h β- /3.887 1.33/8 5/2+ –1.023 –0.30 0.40258/49.6
3.49/43 2.5548/9.2
3.89/30 (0.13–3.31)
88
Kr 87.91445 2.80 h β- /2.91 0+ 0.19632/26.
2.392/34.6
(0.03–2.8)
89
Kr 88.91784 3.15 m β- /4.99 3.8/ 3/2 (+) –0.330 +0.16 0.19746
4.6/ 0.2209/19.9
4.9/ 0.5858/16.4
1.4728/6.8
(0.2–4.7)
90
Kr 89.91953 32.3 s β- /4.39 2.6/77 0+ 0.12182/32.9
2.8/6 0.5395/28.6
1.1187/36.2
(0.1–4.2)
91
Kr 90.92381 8.6 s β- /6.4 4.33/ 5/2 (+) –0.583 +0.30 0.10878/43.5
4.59/ 0.50658/19.
(0.2–4.4)
92
Kr 91.92617 1.84 s β- /5.99 0+ 0.1424/66.
n/ (0.14–3.7)
93
Kr 92.93115 1.30 s β- /8.6 7.1/ ½+ –0.413 0.1820
n/ //1.9 0.2534/42.
0.32309/24.6
(0.057–4.03)
94
Kr 93.9341 0.23 s β- /7.3 0+ 0.2196/67
n n//1.0 0.6293/100.
(0.098–0.985)
95
Kr 94.9397 0.10 s β- /9.7 n//2.9 –0.410
96
Kr 95.9430 ~ 80 ms β-, n n//3.7 0+
97
Kr 96.949 0.06 s β-, n n//7.
98
Kr 97.952 0.05 s β-, n n//7. 0+
99
Kr 98.958 0.04 s β-, n n// ~ 11.
100
Kr 99.962 ~ 0.007 s 0+
101
Kr 100.969 > 0.4 µs
37Rb 85.4678(3)
71
Rb 70.965


72
Rb 71.959 < 1.5 μs
73
Rb 72.951 < 0.03 μs
74
Rb 73.94427 64.8 ms β+ /10.4 0.456/0.0025
(0.053–5.820)
75
Rb 74.93857 19. s β+ /7.02 2.31/ 3/2 (-) ann.rad./
0.179
76
Rb 75.93507 39. s β+ /8.50 4.7/ 1 (-) –0.372623 +0.4 ann.rad./
Nuclear
0.4240/92.
(0.064–1.68)
77
Rb 76.93040 3.8 m β+ /5.34 3.86/ 3/2- +0.654468 +0.70 ann.rad./
0.0665/59
(0.04–2.82)
78m
Rb 5.7 m I.T./0.1034 4 (-) +2.549 +0.81 ann.rad./
β+ / 3.4 0.4553/81.
EC/ (0.103–4.01)
78
Rb 77.92814 17.7 m β+ /7.22 0 (+) ann.rad./
EC/ 0.4553/63.
(0.42–5.57)
79
Rb 78.92399 23. m β+ /84/3.65 5/2+ +0.3358 –0.10 ann.rad./
EC/16 / 0.68812/23.
(0.017–3.02)
80
Rb 79.92252 34. s β+ /5.72 4.1/22 1+ –0.0836 +0.35 ann.rad./
4.7/74 0.6167/25.
81m
Rb 30.5 m I.T./0.85 1.4 9/2+ +5.598 –0.74 ann.rad./
β+, EC/ (0.085–1.9)
81
Rb 80.91899 4.57 h β+ /27/2.24 1.05/ 3/2- +2.060 +0.40 ann.rad./
EC/73 0.19030/64.
(0.05–1.9)
82m
Rb 6.47 h β+ /26/ 0.80/ 5- +1.51001 +1.0 ann.rad./
EC/74/ 0.5544/63.
0.7765/85.
(0.092–2.3)
82
Rb 81.91821 1.258 m β+ /96/4.40 3.3/ 1+ +0.554508 +0.19 ann.rad./
EC/4/ 0.7665/13.
(0.47–3.96)
83
Rb 82.91511 86.2 d EC/0.91 5/2- +1.425 +0.20 Kr x-ray
0.5205/46.
(0.03–0.80)
84m
Rb 20.3 m I.T./0.216 6- +0.21293 +0.6 0.2163/34.
0.2482/63.
0.4645/32.
84
Rb 83.91438 32.9 d β+ /22/2.681 0.780/11 2- –1.32412 –0.015 ann.rad./
EC/75 / 1.658/11 0.8817/68.
β- /3/0.894 0.893/ (1.02–1.9)
85
Rb 72.17(2) 84.91178974 5/2- +1.353 +0.28
86m
Rb 1.018 m I.T./0.5560 6- +1.815 +0.37 0.556/98.
86
Rb 85.911167 18.65 d β- /1.775 1.774/8.8 2- –1.6920 +0.19 1.0768/8.8
87
Rb 27.83(2) 86.90918053 4.97 × 1010 a β- /0.283 0.273/100 3/2- +2.7512 +0.13
88
Rb 87.911316 17.7 m β- /5.316 5.31 2- 0.508 0.8980/14.4
1.8360/22.8
(0.34–4.85)
89
Rb 88.91228 15.4 m β- /4.50 1.26/38 3/2- +2.38 +0.14 1.032/58.
1.9/5 1.248/42.
2.2/34 2.1960/13


4.49/18 (0.12–4.09)
90m
Rb 4.3 m β- /4.50 1.7/ 3- +1.616 +0.20 0.1069(IT)
6.5/ 0.8317/94
(0.20–5.00)
90
Rb 89.91480 2.6 m β- /6.59 6.6 0- 0.8317/28.
(0.31–5.60)
91
Rb 90.91654 58.0 s β- /5.861 5.9 3/2 (-) +2.182 +0.15 0.0936/34.
Nuclear
(0.35–4.70)
92
Rb 91.91973 4.48 s β- /8.11 8.1/94 0- 0.8148/8.
(0.1–6.1)
93
Rb 92.92204 5.85 s β- /7.46 7.4/ 5/2- +1.410 +0.18 0.2134/4.8
n/1 0.4326/12.5
0.9861/4.9
(0.16–5.41)
94
Rb 93.92639 2.71 s β- /10.31 9.5/ 3 (-) +1.498 +0.16 0.8369/87.
n/10 1.5775/32.
(0.12–6.35)
95
Rb 94.92926 0.377 s β- /9.30 8.6/ 5/2- +1.334 +0.21 0.352/65.
n/8 0.680/22.
(0.20–2.27)
96m
Rb 1.7 μs 0.2999
0.4612
0.2400
0.093–0.369
96
Rb 95.93413 0.199 s β- /11.76 10.8/ 2+ +1.466 +0.25 0.815/76.
n/13/ (0.20–5.42)
97m
Rb 5.1 µs 0.0771
97
Rb 96.93718 0.169 s β- /10.42 10.0 3/2+ +1.841 +0.58 0.167/100.
n/27/ 0.585/79.
0.599/56.
1.258/52.
(0.14–2.08)
98
Rb 97.94169 0.107 s β- /12.34 0.144/ (0)
n/13 (0.07–3.68)
99
Rb 98.945 59. ms β- /11.3
100
Rb 99.950 53. ms β- /13.5 0.129
(0.058–4.483)
101
Rb 100.954 0.03 s β- /11.8
102
Rb 101.960 0.09 s β-
103
Rb 102.064 > 0.4 µs
38 Sr 87.62(1)
73
Sr 72.966 > 25 ms
74
Sr 73.956 > 1.5 μs 0+
75
Sr 74.950 88. ms β+, p p//5. 0.144/4.5
76
Sr 75.9418 7.9 s β+ /6.1 0+
77
Sr 76.9379 9.0 s β+ /6.9 5.6 5/2 + –0.348 +1.4 0.147
β+, p //0.08
78
Sr 77.93218 155. s β+ /3.76 0+ (0.025–1.660)
79
Sr 78.9297 2.1 m β+ /5.32 4.1 3/2 (-) –0.474 +0.71 ann.rad./
0.039/28.
0.105/22.
(0.135–0.612)
80
Sr 79.92452 1.77 h β+ /1.87 0+ ann.rad./
0.174/10.
0.589/39.


(0.24–0.55)
81
Sr 80.92321 22.3 m β+ /87/3.93 2.43/ 1/2- +0.544 ann.rad./
EC/13/ 2.68/ 0.148/31.
0.1534/35
(0.06–1.7)
82
Sr 81.91840 25.36 d EC/0.18 0+ Rb x-ray
83m
Sr 5.0 s I.T./0.2591 ½- +0.582 0.2591/87.5
Nuclear
83
Sr 82.91755 1.350 d β+ /24/2.28 0.465/ 7/2+ –0.8298 +0.76 ann.rad./
EC/76/ 0.803/ 0.3816/12.
1.227/ 0.3816
0.7627/30.
(0.094–2.15)
84
Sr 0.56(1) 83.91342 0+
85m
Sr 1.127 h I.T./87/0.2387 ½- +0.600 0.2318/84.
EC/13 (0.15–0.24)
85
Sr 84.91293 64.85 d EC/1.065 9/2+ –1.001 +0.28 0.51399/99.3
86
Sr 9.86(1) 85.90926 0+
87m
Sr 2.81 h I.T./0.3884 ½- +0.63 0.3884(IT)
87
Sr 7.00(1) 86.90888 9/2+ –1.0936 +0.305
88
Sr 82.58(1) 87.90561 0+
89
Sr 88.90745 50.6 d β- /1.497 1.492/100 5/2+ –1.148 –0.3 0.9092
90
Sr 89.90773 28.9 a β- /0.546 0.546/100 0+
91
Sr 90.91020 9.5 h β- /2.70 0.61/7 5/2+ –0.885 +0.05 0.5556/61.
1.09/33 0.7498/24.
1.36/29 1.0243/33.
2.66/26 (0.12–2.4)
92
Sr 91.91104 2.64 h β- /1.91 0.55/96 0+ 1.3831/90.
1.5/3 (0.24–1.1)
93
Sr 92.91402 7.4 m β- /4.08 2.2/10 5/2+ –0.793 +0.26 0.5903/
2.6/25 0.7104
3.2/65 0.87573
0.8883/
(0.17–3.97)
94
Sr 93.91536 1.25 m β- /3.511 2.1/ 0+ 0.6219
3.3/ 0.7043
0.7241
0.8064
1.4283
95
Sr 94.91935 25.1 s β- /6.08 ½+ –0.537 0.6859
6.1/50 0.8269
2.7173
2.9332
96
Sr 95.9217 1.06 s β- /5.37 4.2/ 0+ 0.1222
0.5305
0.8094
0.9318
97
Sr 96.92637 0.42 s β- /7.47 5.3 1/2+ –0.498 0.2164
0.3071
0.6522
0.9538
1.2580
1.9050
98
Sr 97.92869 0.65 s β- /5.83 5.1 0+ 0.0365
0.1190
0.4286


0.4447
0.5636
99
Sr 98.93289 0.27 s β- /8.0 3/2 + –0.26 0.8
100
Sr 99.9358 0.201 s β- /7.1 0+
101
Sr 100.940 0.115 s β- /9.5
102
Sr 101.9438 68. ms β- /8.8 0+
103
Sr 102.949 0.07 s
Nuclear
104
Sr 103.953 0.04 s 0+
105
Sr 104.959 ~ 0.04 s
106
Sr 105.963 > 0.4 µs
107
Sr 106.969 > 0.4 µs
39 Y 88.90584(2)
76
Y 75.959 > 0.2 μs
77
Y 76.9498 ~ 57. ms
78m
Y 5.8 s (5+)
78
Y 77.944 53 ms β+ /10.5 0.279/100
0.504/90
0.713/40
79
Y 78.937 15. s β+ /7.1 (0.152–1.106)
80m
Y 4.8 s 0.2285
80
Y 79.93436 30. s β+ /7.0 5.5 (4-) ann.rad./
5.0/ 0.3858/100
0.5951/42
0.756–1.396
81
Y 80.92946 1.21 m β+ /5.5 3.7/ ann.rad./
4.2/ 0.428
0.469
82
Y 81.92693 9.5 s β+ /7.8 6.3/ 1+ ann.rad./
0.5736
0.6017
0.7375
83m
Y 2.85 m β+ /95/4.6 2.9 1/2- ann.rad./
EC/5 / 0.2591
0.4218
0.4945
83
Y 82.9225 7.1 m β+ /4.47 3.3 9/2+ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.0355
0.4899
0.8821
(0.03–3.4)
84m
Y 4.6 s β+ / 1+ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.7930
84
Y 83.92067 40. m β+ /6.4 1.64/47 5- ann.rad./
EC/ 2.24/25 0.4628
2.64/21 0.6606
3.15/7 0.7931
0.9744
1.0398
(0.2–3.3)
85m
Y 4.9 h β+ /70/ 9/2+ 6.2 ann.rad./
EC/30/ 0.2317
0.5356
2.1238
(0.1–3.1)
0.7673


85
Y 84.9164 2.6 h β+ /55/3.26 1.54/ 1/2- ann.rad./
EC/45/ 0.2317
0.5045
0.9140
(0.07–1.4)
86m
Y 48. m I.T./99/ 8+ 4.8 ann.rad./
β+ / 0.0102(IT)
Nuclear
EC/ 0.2080
(0.09–1.1)
86
Y 85.9149 14.74 h β+ /5.24 4- < 0.6 ann.rad./
EC/ 0.3070
0.6277
1.0766
1.1531
1.9207
(0.1–3.8)
87m
Y 13. h I.T./98/ 9/2+ +6.24 –0.5 0.3807
β+ /0.7/ 1.15/0.7
EC/
87
Y 86.91088 3.35 d EC/99+/1.862 0.78/ 1/2- –0.19 0.3880
0.4870
88
Y 87.90950 106.6 d EC/99+/3.623 0.76/ 4- –0.42 +0.16 ann.rad./
β+ /0.2/ 0.89802
1.83601
2.73404
3.2190
89m
Y 15.7 s I.T./0.909 9/2+ +6.37 ~ –0.43 0.9092(IT)
89
Y 100. 88.90584 1/2- –0.13742
90m
Y 3.20 h I.T./99+/ 0.68204 7+ +5.28 ~ –0.65 0.2025
β- /0.002/ 0.4794
0.6820
90
Y 89.90714 2.669 d β- /2.282 2.28/ 2- –1.63 –0.155
91m
Y 49.7 m I.T./0.555 9/2+ 5.96 0.5556(IT)
91
Y 90.90730 58.5 d β- /1.544 1.545/ 1/2- 0.164 1.208
92
Y 91.9089 3.54 h β- /3.63 3.64/ 2- –0.67 0.4485
0.5611
0.9345
1.4054
(0.4–3.3)
93m
Y 0.82 s I.T./0.759 9/2+ +6.04 ~ –0.64 0.1686(IT)
0.5902
93
Y 92.9096 10.2 h β- /2.87 2.88/90 1/2- –0.12 0.2669
0.9471
1.9178
94m
Y 1.4 μs 0.4322
0.7699
1.2024
94
Y 93.91159 18.7 m β- /4.919 4.92/ 2- –0.24 ~ 0.03 0.3816
0.9188
1.1389
(0.3–4.1)
95
Y 94.91282 10.3 m β- /4.42 1/2- –0.16 0.4324
0.9542
2.1760
3.5770


96m
Y 9.6 s β- / (3+) 0.1467
0.6174
0.9150
1.1071
1.7507
96
Y 95.91590 6.2 s β- /7.09 7.12/ 0- 1.594
97m
Y 1.21 s β- /7.4 4.8/ 9/2+ +5.88 ~ –0.76 0.1614
Nuclear
6.0/ 0.9700
1.1030
97
Y 96.9183 3.76 s β- /6.69 6.7 1/2- –0.12 0.2969
1.9960
3.2876
3.4013
98m
Y 2.1 s β- /9.8 5.5/ (4-) +2.98 +1.7 0.2415
0.6205
0.6473
1.2228
1.8016
98
Y 97.9224 0.59 s β- /8.83 8.7/ 1+ 0.2131
1.2228
1.5907
2.9413
4.4501
99m
Y 0.011 ms
99
Y 98.92415 1.47 s β- /7.57 1/2- 0.1218/43.8
n /2.5/ 0.5362
0.7242
1.0130
100m
Y 0.94 s β-, n / 3+
100
Y 99.9277 0.73 s β-, n/9.3 n/1.8/ 1+
101
Y 100.93015 0.43 s β-, n/8.6 n/1.5/ (5/2+) +3.22 –1.5
102
Y 101.93433 0.36 s β-, n/9.9 n/4.0/
103
Y 102.9372 0.23 s β-, n n/8.3/
104
Y 103.942 0.20 s
105
Y 104.945 0.08 s
106
Y 105.951 0.06 s
107
Y 106.955 0.04 s
108
Y 107.960 ~ 0.03 s
109
Y 108.964 > 0.4 µs
40 Zr 91.224(2)
78
Zr 77.956 > 0.2 μs 0+
79
Zr 78.949 0.06 s
80
Zr 79.94 ~ 4.5 s β+ /8.0 0+ 0.290
0.538
81
Zr 80.937 5.3 s β+ /7.2 6.1 (3/2-)
82
Zr 81.931 32. s β+ /4.0 3. 0+ ann.rad./
83m
Zr 7. s β+ /7.0 (7/2+) ann.rad./
83
Zr 82.92924 44. s β+ /5.9 4.8 (1/2-) ann.rad./
EC 0.0556
0.1050
0.2560
0.474
1.525


84
Zr 83.92333 26. m β+ /2.7 0+ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.0449
0.1125
0.3729
0.667
85m
Zr 10.9 s I.T./0.2922 ½- ann.rad./
β+, EC/ 0.2922(IT)
Nuclear
0.4165
85
Zr 84.92144 7.9 m β+ /4.7 3.1 7/2+ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.2663
0.4163
0.4543
86
Zr 85.91630 16.5 h EC/1.47 0+ 0.0280
0.243
0.612
87m
Zr 14.0 s I.T./0.3362 ½- +0.64 0.1352(IT)
0.2010
87
Zr 86.91482 1.73 h β+ /3.67 2.26 9/2+ –0.895 +0.42 ann.rad./
EC/ 0.3811
1.228
88m
Zr 1.4 μs (8+) –1.81 +0.51 0.077
88
Zr 87.91022 83.4 d EC/0.67 0+ 0.3929
89m
Zr 4.18 m I.T./94/0.5877 ½- +0.80 ann.rad./
β+ /1.5/ 0.5877(IT)
EC/4.7/ 1.507
89
Zr 88.90888 3.27 d β+ /23/2.832 0.9/ 9/2+ –1.05 +0.3 ann.rad./
EC/77/ 0.9092
90m
Zr 0.809 s I.T./ 5- 6.3 0.1326
2.1862
2.3189(IT)
90
Zr 51.45(40) 89.90470 0+
91
Zr 11.22(5) 90.90564 5/2+ –1.30362 –0.176
92
Zr 17.15(8) 91.90503 0+
93
Zr 92.90647 1.5 × 106 a β- /0.091 5/2+ 0.0304
94
Zr 17.38(28) 93.90631 > 1017 a β-β- 0+
95
Zr 94.90804 64.02 d β- /1.125 0.366/55 5/2+ 1.13 +0.22 0.7242
0.400/44 0.7567
96
Zr 2.80(9) 95.90827 2.3 × 1019 a β-β- 0+
>1.7 × 1018 a β-
97
Zr 96.91095 16.75 h β- /2.658 1.91/ ½- –0.937 0.7434
98
Zr 97.9127 30.7 s β- /2.26 2.2/100 0+
99
Zr 98.9167 2.2 s β- /4.56 3.9/ ½+ –0.930 0.4692/55.2
3.5/ 0.5459/48
0.028–1.321
100
Zr 99.9180 7.1 s β- /3.34 0+ 0.4006/20
0.5043/30
101
Zr 100.9214 2.1 s β- /5.49 6.2/ 3/2- –0.27 +0.81 0.1194
0.2057
0.2089
102
Zr 101.9231 2.9 s β- /4.61 0+ 0.064/15
0.599/14
0.535/11
103
Zr 102.9272 1.3 s β- /7.0
104
Zr 103.9294 1.2 s β- /5.9 0+
105
Zr 104.9340 0.6 s β- /8.5


106
Zr 105.937 0.19 s 0+
107
Zr 106.942 0.14 s
108
Zr 107.945 73. ms 0+
109
Zr 108.950 0.06 s
110
Zr 109.954 0.04 s 0+
111
Zr 110.960 > 0.4 µs
112
Zr 111.964 > 0.4 µs
Nuclear
41 Nb 92.90637(2)
81
Nb 80.950 < 0.08 μs
82
Nb 81.944 50 ms β+ /11.
83
Nb 82.937 4.1 s β+ /7.5
84
Nb 83.934 10. s β+, EC/9.6 (3+) 0.540
(0.456–1.427)
85m
Nb 3. s 0.069
85
Nb 84.92885 21. s β+ /6.0
86m
Nb 56. s β+
86
Nb 85.92578 1.46 m β+ /8.0 ann.rad./
0.751
1.003
87m
Nb 3.7 m β+ / 1/2- ann.rad./
EC/ 0.1352
0.2010
87
Nb 86.92069 2.6 m β+ /5.2/ (9/2+) ann.rad./
EC/ 0.2010
0.4706
0.6165
1.0665
1.8842
88m
Nb 7.7 m β+ / 4- ann.rad./
EC/ 0.2625
0.3996
1.0569
1.0825
88
Nb 87.9182 14.3 m β+ /7.6 3.2/ 8+ ann.rad./
EC/ 1.0570
1.0828
(0.07–2.5)
89m
Nb 2.0 h β+ / 3.3/ 9/2+ 0.5880/10(D)
EC/ (0.17–4.0)
89
Nb 88.9134 1.10 h β+ /74/4.29 2.8/ 1/2- +6.216 ann.rad./
EC/26 / 0.5074
0.5880
0.7696
1.2775
90m
Nb 18.8 s I.T./0.1246 4- 0.002
0.1225
90
Nb 89.91126 14.6 h β/53 /6.111 0.86/5 8+ 4.961 +0.05 ann.rad./
EC/47 / 1.5/92 0.1412
1.1292
2.1862
2.3189
(0.1–3.3)
91m
Nb 62. d I.T./97 / 1/2- 0.1045(IT)
EC/3 / 1.2050
91
Nb 90.90699 7 × 102 a EC/1.253 9/2+ Mo k x-ray


92m
Nb 10.13 d EC/99+/ 2+ 6.14 0.9126
0.9345
1.8475
92
Nb 91.90719 3.7 × 107 a EC/2.006 7+ 0.5611
0.9345
93m
Nb 16.1 a I.T./0.0304 1/2- Nb x-ray
0.0304
Nuclear
93
Nb 100. 92.90637 9/2+ +6.1705 –0.32
94m
Nb 6.26 m I.T./99+ /2.086 3+ Nb k x-ray
β- /0.5/ 0.0409
0.87109
94
Nb 93.90728 2.04 × 104 a β- /2.045 0.47/ 6+ 0.70263
0.87109
95m
Nb 3.61 d I.T./97.5/ 0.2357 1/2- 0.2040
β- /2.5 / 0.2356
95
Nb 94.906832 34.97 d β- /0.926 0.160/ 9/2+ 6.14 0.76578
96
Nb 95.90810 23.4 h β- /3.187 0.5/10 6+ 4.976 0.7782
0.75/90 0.2191–1.498
97m
Nb 58.1 s I.T./0.7434 0.734/98 1/2- 0.7434
97
Nb 96.90810 1.23 h β- /1.934 1.27/98 9/2+ 6.15 0.4809
0.6579
98m
Nb 51. m β- /4.67 5+ 0.7874
0.1726–1.89
98
Nb 97.91033 2.9 s β- /4.59 4.6/ 1+ 0.6451
0.7874
1.0243
99m
Nb 2.6 m β- / 3.2/ 1/2- 0.0978/100
(0.138–3.010)
99
Nb 98.9116 15.0 s β- /3.64 3.5/100 9/2+ 0.0977
0.1378/3.1
100m2
Nb 0.013 ms
100m1
Nb 3.0 s β- /6.74 5.8 Nb k x-ray
0.159
0.6364
1.0637
100
Nb 99.9143 1.5 s β- /6.25 6.2/ 0.5354
5.3/ 0.6001–1.566
101
Nb 100.91531 7.1 s β- /4.57 4.3/ 0.1105–0.810
102m
Nb 4.3 s β- /
102
Nb 101.91808 1.3 s β- /7.21 7.2/ 0.2960–2.184
103
Nb 102.91946 1.5 s β- /5.53 5.3/ 5/2+
104m
Nb 0.9 s β-, n/ n/0.06
104
Nb 103.92289 4.9 s β-, n/8.1 n/0.05
105
Nb 104.92495 2.9 s β-, n/6.5 n/1.7
106
Nb 105.92893 1.0 s β-, n/9.3 n/4.5
107
Nb 106.9316 0.30 s β-, n/7.9 n/6.0
108
Nb 107.9361 0.19 s β, n/ n/6.2 (0.193–0.590)
109
Nb 108.939 0.19 s β, n/ n/31
110
Nb 109.944 0.17 s β, n/ n/40
111
Nb 110.948 0.05 s
112
Nb 111.952 ~ 3.3 ms
113
Nb 112.957 > 0.15 μs
114
Nb 113.962 > 0.4 µs
115
Nb 114.966 > 0.4 µs
42 Mo 95.95(1)


83
Mo 82.950 ~ 6. ms
84
Mo 83.941 ~ 2.2 s β+ /6. 0+
85
Mo 84.9383 3.2 s β+ /8.1 ½+
86
Mo 85.93118 19. s β+ /4.8 0+
87
Mo 86.92820 14. s EC, β+ /6.5 (0.752–1.004)
88
Mo 87.92197 8.0 m β+ /3.4 0+ +0.5 ann.rad./
EC 0.0800
Nuclear
0.1399
0.1707
89m
Mo 0.19 s I.T./0.118 ½- 0.118(IT)
0.268
89
Mo 88.91947 2.2 m β+ /5.58 9/2+ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.659
0.803
1.155
1.272
90m
Mo 1.2 μs –1.39 0.58 0.063
90
Mo 89.91392 5.7 h β+ /25/2.489 1.085/ 0+ ann.rad./
EC/75 / 0.04274
0.12237
0.25734
91m
Mo 1.08 m I.T./50/0.653 ½- ann.rad./
β+, EC/50 / 2.5/ 0.6529
2.8/ 1.2081
4.0/ 1.5080
2.2407
91
Mo 90.91175 15.5 m β+ /94/4.43 3.44/94 9/2- ann.rad./
EC/6/ 1.6373
2.6321
3.0286
(0.1–4.2)
92
Mo 14.649(106) 91.906808 > 3 × 1017 a β+-EC 0+
93m
Mo 6.9 h I.T./99+ /2.425 21/2+ +9.9 0.26306(IT)
0.68461
1.47711
93
Mo 92.906810 3.5 × 103 a EC/0.405 5/2+ 0.0304
94
Mo 9.187(33) 93.905085 0+
95
Mo 15.873(30) 94.905839 5/2+ –0.9142 –0.02
96
Mo 16.673(8) 95.904676 0+
97
Mo 9.582(15) 96.906018 5/2+ –0.9335 +0.26
98
Mo 24.292(80) 97.905405 0+
99
Mo 98.907709 2.7476 d β- /1.357 0.45/14 ½+ 0.375 0.144048
0.84/2 0.18109
1.21/84 0.36644
0.73947
100
Mo 9.744(65) 99.90747 7 × 1018 a β-β- 0+
101
Mo 100.91034 14.8 m β- /2.82 2.23/ 1/2+ 0.0063
0.7/ 0.19193
0.5909
(0.0809–2.405)
102
Mo 101.9103 11.3 m β- /1.01 1.2/ 0+ 0.1493/89.
0.2116/100.
0.2243/32.
103
Mo 102.9131 1.13 m β- /3.8 3/2+ 0.1028(2)/
0.1440(2)


0.2511(2)
104
Mo 103.9137 1.00 m β- /2.16 0+ 0.0686(1)/100.
0.4239(4)/21.
105
Mo 104.9170 36. s β- /4.95 3/2+ 0.0642/
0.0856/
0.2495/
106
Mo 105.9183 8.4 s β- /3.52 0+ 0.1894(2)/22.
Nuclear
0.3644(2)/6.
0.3723(2)/12.
107
Mo 106.9221 3.5 s β- /6.2
108
Mo 107.9240 1.1 s β- /5.1 0+ (0.028–0.636)
109
Mo 108.9284 0.5 s β- /7.2
110
Mo 109.9307 0.27 s β- /5.7 0+ Tc k x-ray
0.142
(0.039–0.599)
111
Mo 110.9357 > 0.15 μs
112
Mo 111.938 0.12 s 0+
113
Mo 112.943 0.08 s
114
Mo 113.947 0.06 s 0+
115
Mo 114.952 ~ 0.05 s
116
Mo 115.955 > 0.15 μs 0+
117
Mo 116.961 > 0.15 μs
43 Tc
85
Tc 84.951 < 0.1 ms
86
Tc 85.945 0.05 s β+ /11.9
87
Tc 86.93807 2.4 s β+ /8.6
88
Tc 87.934 5.8 s β+ /10.1
89m
Tc 13. s
89
Tc 88.9265 13. s β+ /7.5
90m
Tc 49.2 s β+ 5.3/ 6+ ann.rad./
0.9479/
1.0542/
90
Tc 89.92407 8.3 s β+ /8.9 7.0/15 1+ ann.rad./
7.9/95. 0.9479/
91m
Tc 3.3 m β+ ½+ ann.rad./170.
EC 0.8110(5)/5.
1.6052(1)/7.8
1.6339(1)/9.1
1.9023(1)/6.
2.4509(1)/13.5
91
Tc 90.91843 3.14 m β+ /6.2 5.2 9/2+ ann.rad./200.
92
Tc 91.91527 4.4 m β+ /7.87 4.1 8+ ann.rad./200.
EC 0.0850/
0.1475
0.3293
0.7731
1.5096
93m
Tc 43. m I.T./13 ½- 0.3924(IT)
EC/20 0.9437
2.6445
93
Tc 92.91025 2.73 h β+ /13/3.201 0.81 9/2+ 6.3 ann.rad./
EC/87/ 1.3629
1.4771
1.5203
(0.1–3.0)


94m
Tc 52. m β+ /72/4.33 2+ ann.rad./
EC/28/ 0.8710
1.8686
94
Tc 93.90965 4.88 h β+ /11/4.256 7+ 5.12 ann.rad./
EC/89/ 0.4491
0.7026
0.8496
Nuclear
0.8710
95m
Tc 62.0 d I.T./4/ 1/2- ann.rad./
β+ /0.3 0.5/ 0.0389(IT)
EC/96 0.7/ 0.2041
0.5821
0.5821
0.8351
95
Tc 94.90765 20.0 h EC/100/1.691 9/2+ 5.9 0.7657
1.0738
96m
Tc 52. m I.T./90/ 4+ 0.0342(IT)
β+, EC/2/ 0.7782
1.2002
96
Tc 95.90787 4.3 d EC/2.973 7+ +5.1 Mo k x-ray
0.7782
0.8125
0.8498
1.12168
97m
Tc 91. d I.T./0.0965 1/2- Tc k x-ray
EC /3.9 0.0965
97
Tc 96.90637 4.2 × 106 a EC/100/0.320 9/2+ Mo k x-ray
98
Tc 97.90721 ~ 6.6 × 106 a β- /1.80 0.40/100 6+ 0.65241/100
EC //<0.036 0.74535/100
99m
Tc 6.01 h I.T./100/0.142 1/2- Tc k x-ray
0.14049
0.14261
99
Tc 98.90625 2.13 × 105 a β- /0.294 0.293/100 9/2+ +5.6847 –0.129
100
Tc 99.90765 15.8 s β- /3.202 2.2/ 1+ 0.5396
EC /2.6(10)-3/ 2.9/ 0.5908
3.3 (0.3 79–2.30)
101
Tc 100.9073 14.0 m β- /1.61 1.32/ 9/2+ 0.1272
0.1841
0.3068
0.5451
(0.073–0.969)
102m
Tc 4.4 m I.T./2/4.8 1.8/ 0.4184
β- /98/ 0.4752
0.6281
0.6302
1.0464
1.1033
1.6163
2.2447
102
Tc 101.9092 5.3 s β- /4.53 3.4/ 1+ 0.4686
4.2 0.4751
2.2/ 1.1055
103
Tc 102.9092 54. s β- /2.66 2.0/ 5/2+ 0.1361
2.2/ 0.1743
0.2104


0.3464
0.5629
(0.13–1.0)
104m
Tc 0.005 ms
104
Tc 103.9114 18.2 m β- /5.60 5.3/ (3+) 0.3483
0.3580
0.5305
Nuclear
0.5351
0.8844
0.8931
1.6768
(0.3–3.7)
105
Tc 104.9117 7.6 m β- /3.6 3.4/ 5/2+ 0.1079
0.1432
0.3215
106
Tc 105.9144 36. s β- /6.55 2+ 0.2703
0.5222
1.9694
2.2393
2.7893
107
Tc 106.9155 21.2 s β- /4.8 0.1027
0.1063
0.1770
0.4587
108
Tc 107.9185 5.1 s β- /7.72 (3) 0.2422
0.4656
0.7078
0.7326
1.5835
109
Tc 108.9203 1.4 s β- /6.3 p/0.08
110
Tc 109.9237 0.83 s β- /8.8 p/0.04 0.2407
111
Tc 110.9259 0.30 s β- .n/7.0 n/0.85 0.150/92.7
0.063–1.435
112
Tc 111.92995 0.26 s β, n n/2.6
113
Tc 112.93257 0.15 s β-, n/8. /2.1 0.0985/100
0.0658–1.520
114
Tc 113.937 0.15 s β-, n /1.3
115
Tc 114.940 0.07 s
116
Tc 115.945 0.06 s
117
Tc 116.948 ~ 0.09 s
118
Tc 117.953 > 0.15 μs
119
Tc 118.957 > 0.4 µs
120
Tc 119.962 > 0.4 µs
44 Ru 101.07(2)
87
Ru 86.951 > 1.5 μs
88
Ru 87.942 1.2 s 0+
89
Ru 88.938 1.4 s β+ .p/8. /3.
90
Ru 89.93034 12. s β+ /5.9 0+ ann.rad./
0.155–1.551
91
Ru 90.92674 7.9 s β+, EC/7.4 9/2+ ann.rad./
(0.205–1.998)
92
Ru 91.92023 3.7 m β+ /53/4.5 0+ ann.rad./
EC/47/ 0.1346
0.2138
0.2593


93m
Ru 10.8 s I.T./21/ 1/2- ann.rad./
β+, EC/79/ 5.3/ 0.7344
1.1112
1.3962
2.0931
93
Ru 92.91710 1.0 m β+ /6.3 9/2+ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.6807
Nuclear
1.4349
(0.5–4.2)weak
94
Ru 93.91134 52. m EC/100/1.59 0+ 0.3672
0.5247
0.8922
95
Ru 94.9104 1.64 h EC/85/2.57 1.20/ 5/2+ 0.86 ann.rad./
β+ /15/ 0.91/ 0.3364/71
1.097/16.4
0.6268/15.9
0.036–2.424
96
Ru 5.54(14) 95.907590 >31.4 × 1020 a β+β+ 0+
97
Ru 96.90755 2.84 d EC/1.12 5/2+ –0.79 Tc k x-ray
0.2157
0.3245
0.4606
98
Ru 1.87(3) 97.90529 0+
99
Ru 12.76(14) 98.90593 5/2+ –0.64 +0.079
100
Ru 12.60(7) 99.90421 0+
101
Ru 17.06(2) 100.90558 5/2+ –0.72 +0.46
102
Ru 31.55(14) 101.90434 0+
103
Ru 102.90632 39.26 d β- /0.763 0.223 3/2+ 0.206 +0.62 0.05329
0.29498
0.4438
0.49708
0.55704
0.61033
(0.04–1.6)
104
Ru 18.62(27) 103.90543 > 6.6 × 1020 a 0+
105
Ru 104.90775 4.44 h β- /1.917 1.11/22 3/2+ –0.3 0.12968
1.134/13 0.1491
1.187/49 0.2629
0.31664
0.46943
0.67634
0.72420
(0.1–1.8)
106
Ru 105.90733 1.020 a β- /0.0394 0.0394/100 0+
107
Ru 106.9100 3.8 m β- /2.9 2.1/ 0.1939
3.2/ 0.3741
0.4625
0.8488
108
Ru 107.9102 4.5 m β- /1.4 1.2/ 0+ 0.0923
0.1651
0.4339
0.4975
0.6189
109
Ru 108.9133 34.5 s β- /4.2 0.1164
0.3584


110
Ru 109.9140 15. s β- /2.81 0+ 0.1121
0.3737
0.4397
0.7967
111
Ru 110.9176 1.5 s β- /5.5
112
Ru 111.9188 4.5 s β- /4.5 0+
113m
Ru 0.6 s
Nuclear
113
Ru 112.9228 0.80 s β- /7. 0.2632
0.048–2.418
114
Ru 113.92462 0.57 s β- /6.1 0+ 0.127/24
(0.053–0.180)
115m
Ru 0.08 s 0.0617
115
Ru 114.9288 0.32 s β- /8. 0.292
(0.080–2.249)
116
Ru 115.93122 0.20 s 0+
117m
Ru 2.49 µs (0.058–0.185)
117
Ru 116.936 0.14 s
118
Ru 117.939 0.12 s 0+
119
Ru 118.944 > 0.15 μs
120
Ru 119.946 > 0.15 μs 0+
121
Ru 120.952 > 0.4 µs
122
Ru 121.954 > 0.4 µs
123
Ru 122.960 > 0.4 µs
124
Ru 123.963 > 0.4 µs
45 Rh 102.90550(2)
89
Rh 88.951 > 0.15 μs
90m
Rh ~ 12. ms
90
Rh 89.944 1.0 s
91m
Rh 1.5 s IT 0.387
91
Rh 90.937 1.5 s β+, p /1.3 (0.438–0.973)
92m
Rh 0.5 s 0.866
92
Rh 91.93237 5.7 s β+ /11.1 (0.163–0.991)
β+, p /1.9
93
Rh 92.92591 12. s β+ /8.1 (0.138–1.493)
94m
Rh 25.8 s β+ / 8+ ann.rad./
0.1264
0.3117
0.7562
1.0752
1.4307
94
Rh 93.92173 1.18 m β+ /9.6 6.4/ 4+ ann.rad./
0.1461
0.3117
0.7562
1.4307
95m
Rh 1.96 m I.T./88/ ½+ ann.rad./
β+, EC/12/ 0.5433(IT)
0.7837
95
Rh 94.91590 5.0 m β+ /5.1 3.2 9/2+ ann.rad./
0.2293
0.4103
0.6610
0.9416
1.3520
(0.2–3.8)


96m
Rh 1.51 m I.T./60/0.052 2+ ann.rad./
β+, EC/40/ 4.70/ Tc,Ru x-rays
0.8326
1.0985
1.6921
(0.4–3.3)
96
Rh 95.9145 9.6 m β+ /6.45 3.3/ 5+ ann.rad./
Nuclear
EC/ 0.4299
0.6315
0.6853
0.7418
0.8326
(0.2–3.4)
97m
Rh 46. m I.T./5 / 2.6/ 1/2- ann.rad./
β+, EC/95/ 0.1886
0.4215
2.2452
97
Rh 96.9113 31.0 m β+ /3.52 2.1/ 9/2+ ann.rad./
0.1886
0.3892
0.4515
0.8398
0.8788
(0.2–3.5)
98m
Rh 3.5 m β+ / 5+ ann.rad./
0.6154
0.6524
0.7452
98
Rh 97.9107 8.7 m β+ /90/5.06 3.4/ 2+ ann.rad./
0.6524
0.7623
99m
Rh 4.7 h β+ /8/ .74/ 9/2+ 5.67 ann.rad./
EC/92/ 0.2766/
0.3408
0.6178
1.2612
99
Rh 98.90813 16. d β+ /4/2.10 0.54/ 1/2- ann.rad./
EC/97/ 0.68/ 0.0894/
0.3530
0.5277
(0.1–2.0)
100m
Rh 4.7 m I.T./99/ 5+ ann.rad./
β+ /0.4/ 0.0748/
0.2647(IT)
100
Rh 99.9081 20.8 h β+ /3.63 2.62/ 1- 0.4462
EC/ 2.07/ 0.5396
0.5882
0.8225
1.5534
2.3761
101m
Rh 4.35 d EC/92/ 9/2+ +5.47 Rh k x-ray
I.T./8/0.1573 0.1272/
0.3069
0.5451
101
Rh 100.90616 3.3 a EC/0.54 1/2- Ru k x-ray


0.1272
0.1980
0.3252
102m
Rh 3.74 a EC/2.323 6+ 4.04 0.4751
IT/0.0419 0.6313
> 1.2 × 106 a β+ /< 0.00025 0.6975
0.7668
Nuclear
1.0466
1.1032
Rh
102
101.90684 207. d EC/62 (2-) ~ 0.5 ann.rad./
β- /19/ 0.4686
β+ /14/ 0.4751
0.5566
0.6280
1.1032
(0.4–1.6)
103m
Rh 56.12 m IT 7/2+ 4.54
103
Rh 100. 102.90550 1/2- –0.0884
104m
Rh 4.36 m I.T./99+ / 5+ Rh k x-ray
β- 1.3/ 0.0514
0.0971
0.5558
Rh
104
103.90665 42.3 s β- /99+/2.441 1.88/2 1+ 0.3581
EC/0.4/1.141 2.44/98 0.5558
1.2370
(0.35–1.8)
105m
Rh 43. s I.T./1.296 1/2- Rh k x-ray
0.1296
Rh
105
104.90569 35.3 h β- /0.567 0.247/30 7/2+ +4.45 0.2801
0.567/70 0.3061/4.8
0.3189/17.0
106m
Rh 2.18 h β- / 0.92/ 6+ 0.2217
0.4510
0.5119
0.6162
0.7173
0.7484
1.0458
1.5277
Rh
106
105.90729 29.9 s β- /3.54 2.4/2 1+ +2.58 0.51186/
3.0/12 0.61612
3.54/79 0.62187
(0.05–3.04)
Rh
107
106.9067 21.7 m β- /1.51 1.20/65 7/2+ 0.2776
1.5/17 0.3028
0.3925
108m
Rh 6.0 m β- / 1.57/ 0.4339
0.4973
0.6189
Rh
108
107.9087 17. s β- /4.5 1+ 0.4046
0.4339
0.4973
0.5811
0.6146
0.9014


0.9471
109
Rh 108.90875 1.34 m β- /2.59 2.25/ 7/2+ 0.1134
0.1780
0.2914
0.3254
0.3268
0.4261
Nuclear
(0.1–1.6)
110m
Rh 29. s β- / 6/ 0.3737
0.4397
0.7967
110
Rh 109.9111 3.1 s β- /5.4 5.5/ 1+ 0.3737
0.4400
0.5463
0.6877
0.8381
0.9045
111
Rh 110.91164 11. s β- /3.7 0.275
112m
Rh 6.8 s β- /
112
Rh 111.9144 3.5 s β- /6.2 1+ 0.3489
113
Rh 112.91544 0.9 s β- /4.9 0.1285
114m
Rh 1.9 s β- / (0.103–1.923)
114
Rh 113.9187 1.8 s β- /6.5 1+ (0.276–0.783)
115
Rh 114.92031 0.99 s β- /6.0
116m
Rh 0.9 s β- / 0.3405
116
Rh 115.9241 0.7 s β- /8.0 1+ 0.340
0.398–1.665
117
Rh 116.9260 0.42 s β- /7. 0.0346
0.1317
118
Rh 117.9303 0.27 s 0.379
0.575
0.370–1.037
119
Rh 118.9326 0.17 s
120
Rh 119.937 0.13 s
121
Rh 120.939 0.15 s
122
Rh 121.944 > 0.3 µs
123
Rh 122.947
124
Rh 123.952
125
Rh 124.955
126
Rh 125.959
46 Pd 106.42(1)
91
Pd 90.950 > 1.5 μs
92
Pd 91.941 1.0 s 0+
93
Pd 92.937 1.2 s β+, p /7.5 9/2+ 0.240/81
0.382–0.864
94
Pd 93.92904 9.6 s EC, β+ /~ 6.6 0+ 0.5582
(0.055–0.798)
95m
Pd 94.92684 13.4 s EC, β+ /10.2 21/2+
95
Pd 94.92489 7.5 s
96
Pd 95.91822 2.03 m EC, β+ /3.5 1.15/ 0+ 0.1248
0.4995
97
Pd 96.91647 3.1 m β+, EC/4.8 3.5/ 5/2+ ann.rad./
0.2653
0.4752
0.7927


(0.2–3.4)
98
Pd 97.91270 17.7 m β+ /1.87 0+ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.0677
0.1125
0.6630
0.8379
99
Pd 98.91178 21.4 m β+ /49/3.37 2.18/ 5/2+ ann.rad./
Nuclear
EC/51/ 0.1360
0.2636
0.6734
(0.2–2.85)
100
Pd 99.9085 3.7 d EC/0.36 0+ 0.03271
0.0748
0.0840
101
Pd 100.90829 8.4 h β+ /5/1.980 0.776/ 5/2+ –0.66 ann.rad./
EC/95/ 0.0244
0.2963
0.5904
102
Pd 1.02(1) 101.90560 > 6.0 × 1018 a Ec ec 0+
103
Pd 102.90608 16.99 d EC/0.543 5/2+ Rh k x-ray
0.03975
0.3575
0.4971
104
Pd 11.14(8) 103.90403 0+
105
Pd 22.33(8) 104.90508 5/2+ –0.642 +0.66
106
Pd 27.33(3) 105.90348 0+
107m
Pd 20.9 s I.T./0.2149 11/2- Pd k x-ray
0.2149(IT)
107
Pd 106.90513 6.5 × 106 a β- /0.033 0.03/ 5/2+
108
Pd 26.46(9) 107.90389 0+
109m
Pd 4.75 m I.T./0.1889 11/2- Pd x-ray
0.1889(IT)
109
Pd 108.90595 13.5 h β- /1.116 1.028 5/2+ 0.0880
(0.08–1.0)
110
Pd 11.72(9) 109.905172 > 2.0 × 1020 a β- β- 0+
111m
Pd 5.58 h I.T./73/0.172 11/2- 0.0704
β- /27/ 0.35 0.1722
0.77 0.3912
(0.1–1.97)
111
Pd 110.90769 23.4 m β- /2.19 2.2/95 5/2+ 0.0598
0.2454
0.5800
0.6504
1.3885
1.4590
112
Pd 111.90733 21.04 h β- /0.29 0.28/ 0+ 0.018
113m
Pd 1.48 m β- / 5/2+ 0.0959
113
Pd 112.91026 1.64 m β- /3.34 0.0958
0.4824
0.6436
0.7394
114
Pd 113.91037 2.48 m β- /1.45 0+ 0.1266
0.2320
0.5582
0.5760


115m
Pd 50. s (9/2-) 0.089
115
Pd 114.9137 25. s β- /4.58 (3/2+) 0.1255
0.2554
0.3428
116
Pd 115.91430 12.7 s β- /2.61 0+ 0.1015
0.1147
0.1778
Nuclear
117m
Pd 19. ms (9/2-) 0.203
117
Pd 116.91796 4.4 s β- /5.7 (3/2+) 0.2473
0.077–0.403
118
Pd 117.91907 2.4 s β- /4.1 0+ 0.1254
0.028–0.596
119
Pd 118.9233 0.9 s β- /6.5 0.2566
0.070–0.326
120
Pd 119.92455 0.49 s β- /5.0 0+ 0.1581
0.053–0.595
121
Pd 120.92895 0.29 s
122
Pd 121.9306 0.18 s 0+
123
Pd 122.935 0.17 s
124m
Pd > 20 µs 0.2548
124
Pd 123.937 ~ 0.04 s 0+
125
Pd 124.942 > 0.4 µs
126
Pd 125.944 > 0.4 µs
127
Pd 126.949 > 0.4 µs
128m
Pd 6 µs IT 0.0751
128
Pd 127.952 > 0.4 µs
47Ag 107.8682(2)
93
Ag 92.950 > 0.15 µs
94m2
Ag 0.40 s β+ p/1.01/2.2 21+ (0.153–1.132)
β+, p p/0.79/1.9
94m1
Ag 0.60 s β+ 7+ (0.659–0.905)
β+, p p//20.
94
Ag 93.944 0.03 s β+ 0+
β+, p
95
Ag 94.936 1.9 s β+, p/ /2.5 (0.089–2.940)
96m3
Ag 9. µs 0.473
96m2
Ag 1.5 µs (0.257–1.506)
Ag 4.40 s β+ 8+
96m
β+, p /7.
96
Ag 95.931 7. s β+ /11.6 2+ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.1248
β+, p /18. 0.4995
(0.1066–1.416)
97
Ag 96.924 19. s β+ /7.0 6.1 ann.rad./
EC/ 0.6862
1.2941
(0.352–3.294)
98
Ag 97.9216 47.6 s β+ /8.4 5+ 4.6 ann.rad./
EC/ /36. 0.5711
β+, p /0.11 0.6786
0.8631
(0.153–1.185)
99m
Ag 11. s I.T./100/ ½- Ag k x-ray
0.1636(IT)
0.3426


99
Ag 98.91765 2.07 m β+ /87 5.4 9/2+ 5.8 ann.rad./
EC/13/ 0.2199
0.2645
0.8056
0.8323
(0.2–3.5)
100m
Ag 2.3 m β+ / 2+ ann.rad./
Nuclear
EC/ 0.6657
1.6941
Ag
100
99.91612 2.0 m β+ /7.1 4.7/ 5+ 4.4 ann.rad./
EC/ 0.2807
0.4503
0.6657
0.7508
0.7732
101m
Ag 3.1 s I.T./0.23 ½- Ag k x-ray
0.0981
0.176(IT)
Ag
101
100.91268 11.1 m β+ /69/4.2 2.7/ 9/2+ 5.6 ann.rad./
EC/31/ 0.2610
2.18/ 0.2747
2.73/ 0.3269
3.38/ 0.4392
0.6673
1.1739
(0.2–3.1)
102m
Ag 7.8 m β+ /38/ 3.4 2+ +4.1 ann.rad./
EC/13/ 0.5567
I.T./49/ 0.9777
1.8347
2.0545
2.1594
3.2386
Ag
102
101.9117 13.0 m β+ /78/5.92 2.26/ 5(+) ~ 4.6 ann.rad./
EC/22/ 0.5564
0.7193
0.163–2.242
103m
Ag 5.7 s I.T./0.134 1/2- Ag k x-ray
0.1344
Ag
103
102.90896 1.10 h β+ /28/2.69 1.7 7/2+ +4.47 ann.rad./
EC/72/ 1.3 0.1187
0.1482
104m
Ag 33. m β+ /64/ 2.71/ 2+ +3.69 ann.rad./
EC/36/ 0.5558
I.T./0.07/ 0.7657
(0.5–3.4)
Ag
104
103.90862 69. m β+ /16/4.28 0.99/ 5+ 3.92 ann.rad./
EC/84/ 0.5558
0.9259
0.9416
(0.18–2.27)
105m
Ag 7.2 m I.T./98/0.0255 7/2+ +4.41 Ag x-ray
EC/2 / 0.3063
0.3192
(0.1–1.0)


105
Ag 104.90653 41.3 d EC/1.35 1/2- 0.101 0.0640
0.2804
0.3445
0.4434
106m
Ag 8.4 d EC/ 6+ 3.71 +1.1 Pd k x-ray
0.4510
0.5118
Nuclear
0.7173
1.0458
Ag
106
105.90666 24.0 m β+ /59/2.965 /1.96 1+ +2.9 ann.rad./
EC/41 / 0.5119
107m
Ag 44.2 s I.T./0.093 7/2+ +4.40 1.0 Ag x-ray
0.0931
Ag
107
51.839(8) 106.90509 1/2- –0.113680
Ag
108m
418. a EC/92/ 6+ 3.58 +1.3 Ag k x-ray
I.T./8 /0.079 Pd k x-ray
0.43392
0.61427
0.72290
Ag
108
107.90595 2.39 m β- /97/1.65 1.02/1.7 1+ +2.6884 ann.rad./
EC/2/ 1.65/96 0.43392
β- /1/1.92 0.88/0.3 0.61885
0.63298
109m
Ag 39.8 s I.T./0.088 7/2+ +4.40 +1.0 Ag k x-ray
0.0880
Ag
109
48.161(8) 108.90476 1/2- –0.13069
Ag
110m
249.8 d β- /99/ 0.087 6+ +3.61 +1.4 0.65774
I.T./1 /0.1164 0.530 0.76393
0.88467
0.93748
1.38427
(0.447–1.56)
Ag
110
109.90611 24.6 s β- /2.892 2.22/5 1+ +2.727 0.2 0.65774
2.89/95 0.8154
1.1257
111m
Ag 1.08 m IT/99/0.0598 7/2+ Ag k x-ray
β- /1/ 0.0598
0.2454
Ag
111
110.90530 7.47 d β- /1.037 1.035/ 1/2- –0.146 0.2454
0.3421
Ag
112
111.90705 3.13 h β- /3.96 3.94/ 2(-) 0.0547 0.6067
3.4 0.6174
1.3877
(0.4–2.9)
113m
Ag 1.14 m I.T./80 /0.043 7/2+ 0.1422
β- /20 / 1.5 0.2983
0.3161
0.3923
Ag
113
112.9066 5.3 h β- /2.02 2.01/ 1/2- 0.159 0.2588
0.2986
Ag
114
113.90882 4.6 s β- /5.08 4.9/ 1+ 0.5582
0.5760
1.9946
115m
Ag 18.7 s β- / 7/2+ 0.1134
0.1315


0.2288
0.3887
Ag
115
114.9088 20. m β- /3.10 1/2- 0.1316
0.2128
0.2291
0.4727
(0.13–2.49)
Nuclear
116m2
Ag 20. s β-,IT/7 IT/0.0479
116m
Ag 9.8 s β- /92 / 3.2/ 5+ 0.5134
2.9 0.7055
I.T./8 IT/.0809 (0.255–2.838)
Ag
116
115.91139 2.68 m β- /6.16 5.3 2- 0.5134
0.6993
2.4779
117m
Ag 5.3 s β- / 3.2/ 7/2+ 0.1354
0.2981
0.3868
0.1571
Ag
117
116.9118 1.22 m β- /4.18 2.3 1/2- 0.1354
0.3377
118m
Ag 2.8 s β- /59/ 0.1277
I.T./41 /0.1277 0.4878
0.6771
0.7709
(0.190–2.778)
Ag
118
117.91460 4.0 s β- /7.1 0.4878
0.6771
3.2259
Ag
119
118.9156 2.1 s β- /5.35 7/2+ 0.0674
0.3662
0.3991
0.6264
120m
Ag 0.40 s β- /63. 0.2030
I.T./37. 0.5059
0.6978
0.8300
(0.115–1.644)
Ag
120
119.91879 1.23 s β- /8.2 0.5059
β-, n n//<0.0030% 0.6978
0.8171
(0.442-3.044)
Ag
121
120.9201 0.78 s β- /6.4 0.1150
0.3148
0.3537
0.3696
0.5007
1.5105
(0.11–2.5)
Ag
122m
1. s β- /
Ag
122
121.9237 0.44 s β- /9.2 0.7617
(0.351–1.079)
123
Ag 122.9253 0.28 s β- /7.4
124m
Ag 1.6 µs (0.0755–0.156)
124
Ag 123.929 0.17 s β- /10.1
125
Ag 124.931 0.17 s β- 0.686


(0.672–0.731)
126m
Ag > 20 µs 0.2548
126
Ag 125.935 0.11 s β-
127
Ag 126.937 0.11 s β-
128
Ag 127.941 58 ms β-
129m
Ag 0.16 s
129
Ag 128.944 ~ 46. ms β-, n
Nuclear
130
Ag 129.951 ~ 35 ms
48 Cd 112.414(4)
95
Cd 94.950 0.09 s
96m
Cd 0.3 s
96
Cd 95.940 1.0 s β+, p / ~5.5 0+
97m
Cd 3.8 s β+, p /25
97
Cd 96.935 1.1 s β+, (p)
98
Cd 97.9274 9.2 s β+ /5.4 0+
(p) /0.025
99
Cd 98.92493 16. s β+, EC/6.9 ann.rad./
Cd
100
99.92035 1.1 m β+, EC/3.9 0+ ann.rad./
(0.090–1.043)
101
Cd 100.91859 1.2 m β+ /83/5.5 4.5 5/2+ In k x-ray
EC/17/ 0.0985
1.7225
0.31–2.84)
102
Cd 101.91448 5.8 m β+ /27/2.59 0+ ann.rad./
EC/73 0.0974
0.4810
1.0366
1.3598
103
Cd 102.91342 7.5 m β+ /33/4.14 5/2+ –0.81 ~ –0.8 ann.rad./
EC/67/ Ag k x-ray
1.0799
1.4487
1.4618
(0.1–2.8)
104
Cd 103.90986 58. m EC/1.14 0+ Ag k x-ray
0.0835
0.7093
105
Cd 104.90946 55.5 m β+ /26/2.739 1.69/ 5/2+ –0.7393 +0.43 Ag k x-ray
EC/74/ 0.3469
0.6072
0.9618
1.3025
(0.25–2.4)
106
Cd 1.245(22) 105.90646 > 4.3 × 1020 a β+ β+ 0+
107
Cd 106.90661 6.52 h EC/99+/1.417 5/2+ –0.615055 +0.60 Ag k x-ray
β+ / 0.0931
0.8289
108
Cd 0.888(11) 107.90418 >4.1 × 1017 a EC EC 0+
109
Cd 108.90499 462.4 d EC/0.214 5/2+ –0.827846 +0.60 Ag k x-ray
0.08804/.0366
110
Cd 12.470(61) 109.903007 0+
111m
Cd 48.5 m I.T./ 11/2- –1.1052 –0.75 Cd k x-ray
0.1508(IT)
0.2454
111
Cd 12.795(38) 110.904183 1/2+ –0.594886


112
Cd 24.109(12) 111.902763 0+
113m
Cd 13.9 a β- /99.9/0.59 0.59/99.9 11/2- –1.087784 –0.61 0.2637
113
Cd 12.227(7) 112.904408 8.04 × 1015 a β- 1/2+ –0.622301
Cd
114
28.754(81) 113.903365 > 1.3 × 1018 a β-β- 0+
115m
Cd 44.6 d β- /1.629 0.68/1.6 (11/2)- –1.041034 –0.48 0.48450
Nuclear
1.62/97 0.93381
1.29064
Cd
115
114.905438 2.228 d β- /1.446 0.593/42 1/2+ –0.648426 0.23141
1.11/58 0.26085
0.33624
0.49227
0.52780
Cd
116
7.512(54) 115.904763 3. × 1019 a β-β- 0+
Cd
117m
3.4 h β- /2.66 0.72/ 11/2- –0.998 –0.32 0.1586
0.5529
0.37–2.42
Cd
117
116.90723 2.49 h β- /2.52 0.67/51 1/2+ –0.7436 0.2209
2.2/10 0.2733
0.3445
1.3033
Cd
118
117.9069 50.3 m β- /0.52 0+
Cd
119m
2.20 m β- / 11/2- –0.9642 –0.13 0.1056
0.7208
1.0250
2.0213
Cd
119
118.9099 2.69 m β- /3.8 ~ 3.5/ 1/2+ –0.9201 0.1340
0.2929
0.3429
Cd
120
119.90987 50.8 s β- /1.76 1.5/ 0+
Cd
121m
8. s β- / 11/2- –1.010 ~ –0.009 0.1008
0.9878
1.0209
1.1815
2.0594
Cd
121
120.91296 13.5 s β- /4.9 (3/2+) 0.627 –0.27 0.2102
0.3242
0.3492
1.0403
122
Cd 121.91346 5.3 s β- /3.0 0+
123m
Cd 1.9 s β- / –1.0015 ~ 0.135
123
Cd 122.91689 2.09 s β- /6.12 3/2+ 0.790 –0.04
124
Cd 123.91766 1.24 s β- /4.17 0+ 0.0365
0.0628
0.1799
125m
Cd 0.66 s β- / –0.935 0.27
125
Cd 124.92126 0.68 s β- /7.16 3/2+ 0.860 0.21
126
Cd 125.92243 0.52 s β- /5.49 0+ 0.2601
127m
Cd 0.0175 ms –0.870 0.34 (0.110–0.849)
127
Cd 126.9265 0.4 s β- /8.5 3/2+ 0.878 0.24
128m
Cd 3.8 µs (0.0687–1.224)
128
Cd 127.92781 0.28 s β- /7.1 0+ 0.247
129m
Cd 0.10 s β- 11/2- 0.706 0.57
129
Cd 128.932 0.24 s β- /5.9 3/2+ 0.848 0.13 0.281


130
Cd 129.934 0.162 s β- / 0+
β-, n /~ 3.5
131
Cd 130.941 68 ms (0.844-6.039)
132
Cd 131.946 0.10 s β-, n/ /60 0+
133
Cd 132.953 0.06 s
49 In 114.818(1)
97
In 96.949 0.05 s
Nuclear
98m
In 0.7 s
98
In 97.942 0.5 s
99
In 98.934 3.1 s β+ /8.9
β+, p /0.9
100
In 99.931 5.8 s β+, (p)/10.5 /1.7 (0.297–1.365)
101
In 100.926 15. s β+ /7.3
102
In 101.92411 23. s EC/8.9 (5) 0.1566
0.7767
(0.397–0.923)
103m
In 34. s
103
In 102.9199 1.1 m β+, EC/6.05 4.2 9/2+ ann.rad./
EC /45 0.1879
(0.157–3.98)
104m
In 16. s IT/0.0935
104
In 103.91822 1.84 m β+, EC/7.9 4.8 (5+) +4.44 +0.7 ann.rad./
0.6580
0.8341
0.8781
105m
In 43. s I.T. ½- In k x-ray
0.6740
105
In 104.9145 5.1 m β+, EC/4.85 3.7 9/2+ +5.675 +0.83 0.1310
0.2600
0.6038
106m
In 5.3 m β+ /85/ 4.90 3+ ann.rad./
EC/15/ 0.6326
0.8611
1.7164
106
In 105.9135 6.2 m β+ /65/6.52 2.6 7+ +4.92 ~ +0.97 ann.rad./
EC/35/ 0.2259
0.6327
0.8611
0.9978
1.0091
107m
In 51. s I.T./0.6786 ½- In k x-ray
0.6785
107
In 106.9103 32.4 m β+ /35/3.43 2.20/ 9/2+ +5.59 +0.81 ann.rad./
E.C/65/ Cd k x-ray
0.2050
0.3209
0.5055
(0.2–2.99)
108m
In 57. m β+ /53/ 1.3 6+ +4.94 +0.47 ann.rad./
EC/47/ Cd k x-ray
0.6329
1.9863
3.4522
108
In 107.9097 40. m β+ /33/5.15 3.49/ 7+ +4.561 +1.01 ann.rad./
EC/67/ Cd k x-ray


0.2429
0.6331
0.8756
109m
In 1.3 m I.T./0.650 ½- In k x-ray
0.6498
In
109
108.90715 4.17 h β+ /8/2.02 0.79/ 9/2+ +5.54 +0.84 ann.rad./
EC/92/ Cd k x-ray
Nuclear
0.2035
0.6235
110m
In 4.9 h EC/ 7+ +4.71 +1.00 Cd k x-ray
0.6577
0.8847
0.9375
(0.1–1.98)
In
110
109.9072 1.15 h β+ /62/3.88 2.22/ 2+ +4.37 +0.35 ann.rad./
EC/38/ Cd k x-ray
0.6577
(0.6–3.6)
111m
In 7.7 m I.T./0.537 ½- +5.53 In k x-ray
0.537
In
111
110.90511 2.8049 d EC/0.866 9/2+ +5.50 +0.80 Cd k x-ray
0.1712
0.2453
112m
In 20.8 m I.T./0.155 4+ +5.227 +0.71 In k x-ray
0.1555
In
112
111.90554 14.4 m β+ /22/2.586 1+ +2.82 ~ +0.087 ann.rad./
EC/34/ Cd k x-ray
β- /0.663 0.6171
113m
In 1.658 h I.T./0.3917 ½- –0.21074 In k x-ray
0.3917
In
113
4.281(52) 112.90406 9/2+ +5.5289 +0.80
In
114m
49.51 d I.T./97/0.190 5+ +4.65 +0.74 In k x-ray
EC/3 / 0.19027
In
114
113.90492 1.198 m β- /97/1.989 1.984/ 1+ +2.82 Cd k x-ray
EC/3/1.453 0.5584
0.5727
1.2998
115m
In 4.486 h I.T./95/0.336 ½- –0.2440 In k x-ray
β- /5 /0.83 0.3362
0.4974
In
115
95.719(52) 114.9038788 4.4 × 1014 a β- /0.495 9/2+ +5.5408 +0.81
In
116m2
2.16 s I.T./0.162 8- +3.22 +0.31 In k x-ray
EC /0.023 0.1624
116m1
In 54.1 m β- / 1.0 5+ +4.44 +0.80 0.13792
0.41688/27
1.09723/58.5
1.29349/85
In
116
115.905260 14.1 s β- /3.274 3.3/99 1+ 2.788 0.11 0.46313
1.2526
1.29349
117m
In 1.94 h β- /53/1.769 1.77/ ½- –0.25174 In k x-ray
I.T./47 / 0.15855
0.31531
0.55294
In
117
116.90452 44. m β- /1.455 0.74/ 9/2+ +5.519 +0.83 0.15855


0.3966
0.55294
118m2
In 8.5 s I.T./98/ 8- +3.32 +0.44 In k x-ray
β- /2/ 0.1382
118m1
In 4.40 m β- / 1.3 5+ +4.23 +0.80 0.2086
2.0 0.6833
1.2295
Nuclear
In
118
117.90636 5.0 s β- /4.42 4.2/ 1+ 0.5282
1.1734
1.2295
2.0432
119m
In 17.9 m β- /97/ 2.7/ ½- –0.32 0.3114
I.T./3/0.311 0.7631
In
119
118.90585 2.3 m β- /2.36 1.6/ 9/2+ +5.52 +0.85 0.0239
0.6495
0.7631
1.2149
120m2
In 47 s β- /6.1 8- +3.692 +0.53 1.171
1.023
120m1
In 46. s β- /5.8 2.2/ (5)+ +4.30 +0.81 1.171
1.023
In
120
119.9078 3.1 s β- /5.37 5.6/ (1+) 0.4146
3.1/ 0.5924
0.8637
1.0232
1.1714
(0.4–2.7)
121m
In 3.8 m β- /99/ 3.7/ 1/2- –0.355 0.0601
I.T./1/0.313 0.3136
0.9256
1.0412
1.1022
1.1204
In
121
120.9079 23. s β- /3.36 2.5 9/2+ +5.50 +0.81 0.2620
0.6573
0.9256
122m
In 10. s β- / 4.4/ 8- +3.78 +0.59 1.0014
1.1403
In
122
121.9103 1.5 s β- /6.37 5.3/ (1+) 0.2391
1.0014
1.1403
1.164
1.1903
123m
In 47. s β- / 4.6/ (1/2)- –0.400 0.1258
1.170
3.234
In
123
122.9104 6.0 s β- /4.39 3.3/ (9/2)+ +5.49 +0.76 0.6188
1.0197
1.1305
124m
In 3.4 s β- 8- +3.89 +0.66 0.1029
0.9699
1.0729
1.1316
In
124
123.9132 3.18 s β- /7.36 5/ 3+ +4.04 +0.61 0.7070
0.9978


1.1316
3.2142
(0.3–4.6)
In
125m
12.2 s β- / 5.5/ 1/2(-) –0.433 0.1876
In
125
124.9136 2.33 s β- /5.42 4.1/ 9/2+ +5.50 +0.71 0.4260
1.0318
1.3350
Nuclear
126m
In 1.53 s 4.9/ 3(+) +4.03 +0.49 0.9086
0.9696
1.1411
In
126
125.9165 1.63 s β- /8.21 4.2/ 8- +4.061 0.1118
0.9086
1.1411
127m
In 3.73 s β- / 6.4/ (1/2-) 0.2523
3.074
In
127
126.9174 1.14 s β- /6.51 4.9/ (9/2+) +5.52 +0.59 0.4680
0.6461
0.8051
1.5977
128m
In 0.7 s β- / 5.4/ (8-) 1.8670
1.9739
(0.1205–2.12)
In
128
127.920 0.80 s β- /8.98 5.0/ 3+ 0.9352
1.1688
3.5198
4.2970
129m1
In 11 µs (0.334–1.354)
129m
In 1.23 s β- /98/ ~ 7.5/ 1/2- 0.3153
n/2/ 0.9067
1.2220
In
129
128.92181 0.63 s β- /7.66 5.5/ 9/2+ 0.2853
0.7693
1.8650
2.1180
130m3
In 5.3 µs 0.3888
130m2
In 0.53 s β- / 8.8/ 5+ 0.0892
0.7744
1.2212
130m1
In 0.51 s β- / 6.1/ 10- 0.0892
0.1298
0.7744
1.2212
1.9052
130
In 129.9250 0.29 s β- /10.25 10.0/ 1-
131m2
In 0.3 s β- / (21/2+)
131m1
In 0.35 s β- / (1/2-)
131
In 130.92697 0.28 s β- /9.18 6.4/ (9/2+) 0.3328
2.433
In
132
131.9330 ~ 0.206 s β- /13.6 6.0/ (7-) 0.1320
8.8/ 0.2992
0.3747
4.0406
133
In 132.938 0.165 s β-, (n)
134
In 133.945 0.14 s (0.354–2.005)
135
In 134.950 0.09 s


50Sn 118.710(7)
99
Sn 98.949 > 0.2 µs
100
Sn 99.939 1.1 s β+ /7.3 3.4/ 0+
101
Sn 100.935 2.0 s β+ /9. 0.352
β+, p /22. 1.065
Sn
102
101.930 3.8 s β+ /5.8 0+ (0.069–1.425)
Sn
103
102.9281 7. s β+ /7.7 1.3558
Nuclear
β+, p p//1.2 (0.351–2.813)
EC / 20.
Sn
104
103.92311 21. s β+, EC/4.5 0+ (0.913–1.846)
Sn
105
104.92127 32.7 s β+ /6.3 EC//42. In-x-ray
β +, p p//0.11 (0.288–3.819)
Sn
106
105.91696 2.0 m β+ /20/3.18 0+ ann.rad./
EC/80/ In k x-ray
0.3865
0.4772
Sn
107
106.91571 2.92 m EC/5.0 1.2/ 0.4218
β+ / 0.6105
0.6785
1.0013
1.1290
1.542
Sn
108
107.91189 10.3 m β+ /1/2.09 0.36/ 0+ In k x-ray
EC/99/ 0.2724
0.3965
(0.105–1.68)
Sn
109
108.9113 18.0 m β+ /9/3.85 1.52/ 5/2+ –1.08 +0.3 ann.rad./
EC/91/ In k x-ray
0.6498
1.0992
Sn
110
109.90785 4.17 h EC/0.64 0+ In k x-ray
0.283
Sn
111
110.90774 35. m β+ /31/2.45 1.5/ 7/2+ +0.61 +0.2 In k x-ray
EC/69/ 0.7620
1.1530
1.9147
Sn
112
0.97(1) 111.904824 > 9.7 × 1019 a β+ /ec 0+
Sn
113m
21.4 m I.T./92/0.077 7/2+ Sn k x-ray
EC/8/ In x-ray
0.0774
Sn
113
112.90518 115.1 d EC/1.036 ½+ –0.879 In k x-ray
0.25511/3.2
0.39169/100
114
Sn 0.66(1) 113.90278 0+
115
Sn 0.34(1) 114.9033447 ½+ –0.9188
116
Sn 14.54(9) 115.901743 0+
117m
Sn 14.0 d I.T./0.3146 11/2- –1.396 –0.4 Sn k x-ray
0.15856
117
Sn 7.68(7) 116.902954 ½+ –1.0010
118
Sn 24.22(9) 117.901607 0+
119m
Sn 293. d I.T./0.0896 11/2- –1.4 0.21 Sn k x-ray
0.02387
119
Sn 8.59(4) 118.903311 ½+ –1.0473
120
Sn 32.58(9) 119.90220 0+
121m
Sn 44. a I.T./78/0.006 11/2- –1.388 –0.14 Sn k x-ray


β- /22/ 0.354/ 0.03715
121
Sn 120.90424 1.128 d β- /0.388 0.383/100 3/2+ 0.698 ~ –0.02
122
Sn 4.63(3) 121.90344 0+
123m
Sn 40.1 m β- /1.428 1.26/99 3/2+ 0.1603
0.3814
Sn
123
122.90573 129.2 d β- /1.404 1.42/99.4 11/2- –1.370 ~ +0.03 0.1603
1.0302
Nuclear
1.0886
Sn
124
5.79(5) 123.90528 > 2.2 × 1018 a β-β- 0+
Sn
125m
9.51 m β- /2.387 2.03/98 3/2+ +0.764 +0.8 0.3321
1.4040
Sn
125
124.90779 9.63 d β- /2.364 2.35/82 11/2- –1.348 ~ +0.1 1.0671
(0.2–2.3)
Sn
126
1 × 10-6 125.9077 2.0 × 105 a β- /0.38 0.25/100 0+ 0.0643
0.0876
0.4148
0.6663
0.6950
127m
Sn 4.15 m β- /3.21 2.72/ 3/2+ +0.757 +0.60 0.4909
1.3480
1.5640
Sn
127
126.9104 2.12 h β- /3.20 2.42/ 11/2- –1.33 +0.3 0.8231
3.2/ 1.0956
(0.120–2.84)
Sn
128m
6.5 s IT/0.091 (7-)
Sn
128
127.9105 59.1 m β- /1.27 0.48/ 0+ 0.4823
0.63/ 0.5573
0.6805
129m
Sn 6.9 m β- / 11/2- –1.30 ~ –0.2 1.1611
129
Sn 128.9135 2.4 m β- /4.0 3/2+ +0.754 ~ +0.05 0.6456
130m2
Sn 1.1 µs (0.0965–0.391)
130m
Sn 1.7 m β- / (7-) –0.381 –0.4 0.1449
0.8992
Sn
130
129.91397 3.7 m β- /2.15 1.10/ 0+ 0.0700
0.1925
0.7798
131m
Sn 1.02 m β- / 3.4/ 11/2- –1.28 0.3043
0.4500
0.7985
1.2260
(0.08–3.21)
131
Sn 130.91705 39. s β- /4.69 3.8/ 3/2+ +0.747 ~ –0.04 see 131mSn
132m
Sn 2.09 µs (0.064–4.416)
132
Sn 131.91783 40. s β- /3.12 1.8/ 0+ 0.0855
0.2467
0.3402
0.8985
133
Sn 132.92391 1.44 s β- /7.8 7.5/ 7/2-
134
Sn 133.92868 1.04 s β- /6.8 0+ (0.053–2.417)
135
Sn 134.93491 0.53 s β- (0.053–0.830)
β-, n /21. 0.733–1.855
136
Sn 135.940 0.29 s β-, n /30. 0+
137
Sn 136.947 0.27 s β-, n /~ 50
138
Sn 137.952 0.15 s 0+
51Sb
121.760(1)


103
Sb 102.940 > 1.5 μs
104
Sb 103.936 0.5 s
105
Sb 104.9313 1.1 s β+, p p//<0.1
106
Sb 105.92864 0.6 s β+ /10.5
107
Sb 106.92415 4.0 s β+ /7.9 1.280
0.1515
0.6666
Nuclear
0.553–2.046
Sb
108
107.92223 7.0 s β+ /9.5 (0.151–1.280)
Sb
109
108.91814 17.3 s β+ /6.38 4.42/ 5/2+ 0.925
EC/ 4.67/ 1.062
4.33/ 0.261–2.127
Sb
110
109.91685 24. s β+ /9.0 6.8/ 3+ ann.rad./
EC/ 0.6365
0.9847
1.2117
1.2433
Sb
111
110.9132 1.25 m β+ /87/4.47 3.3/ 5/2+ ann.rad./
EC/13 / 0.1002
0.1545
0.4891
1.0326
Sb
112
111.9124 51.4 s β+ /90/7.06 4.75/ 3+ ann.rad./
EC/10/ 0.6700
0.9909
1.2571
Sb
113
112.9094 6.7 m β+ /65/3.91 2.42/ 5/2+ ann.rad./
(0.3–3.6)
EC/35/ Sn k x-ray
0.3324
0.4980
Sb
114
113.9093 3.49 m β+ /78/5.9 3.4/ 3+ 1.7 ann.rad./
EC/22/ Sn k x-ray
0.8876
1.2999
Sb
115
114.9066 32.1 m β+ /67/3.03 1.51/ 5/2+ +3.46 –0.4 ann.rad./
EC/33/ Sn k x-ray
0.4973
116m
Sb 1.00 h β+ /78/ 1.16/ 8- 2.6 ann.rad./
EC/22/ Sn k x-ray
0.4073
0.5429
0.9725
1.2935
(0.100–1.501)
Sb
116
115.90679 16. m β+ /50/4.707 1.3/ 3+ 2.72 ann.rad./
EC/50/ 2.3/ Sn k x-ray
0.93180
1.29354
(0.138–3.903)
Sb
117
116.9048 2.80 h β+ /2/1.76 0.57/ 5/2+ +3.4 Sn k x-ray
EC/98/ 0.1586
118m
Sb 5.00 h EC/99/ 8- 2.32 Sn k x-ray
0.25368
1.05069


1.22964
Sb
118
117.90553 3.6 m β+ /74/3.657 2.65/ 1+ 2.5 ann.rad./
EC/26/ Sn k x-ray
1.22964
Sb
119
118.90395 38.1 h EC/0.59 5/2+ +3.45 –0.4 Sn k x-ray
0.0239
120m
Sb 5.76 d EC/ 8- 2.34 Sn k x-ray
Nuclear
0.0898
0.19730
1.02301
1.17121
Sb
120
119.90508 15.89 m β+ /41/2.68 1.72/ 1+ +2.3 ann.rad./
EC/59/ Sn k x-ray
0.7038
1.17121
Sb
121
57.21(5) 120.90381 5/2+ +3.3634 –0.4
Sb
122m
4.19 m I.T./0.162 8- Sb x-ray
0.0614
0.0761
Sb
122
121.90517 2.72 d β- /98/1.979 1.414/65 2- –1.90 +0.9 0.56409
β+ /2/1.620 1.980/26 0.69277
1.14050
1.2569
123
Sb 42.79(5) 122.90421 7/2+ +2.5498 –0.5
124m2
Sb 20.3 m I.T./0.035 8-
124m1
Sb 1.6 m I.T./80/ 1.2/ 5+ 0.4984
β- /20/ 1.7/ 0.6027
0.6458
1.1010
Sb
124
123.90594 60.2 d β- /2.905 0.61/52 3- 1.20 +1.9 0.60271/97.8
2.301/23 0.64583/7.4
0.72277/10.5
1.69094/48.2
(0.027–2.871)
Sb
125
124.90525 2.758 a β- /0.767 0.13/30 7/2+ +2.63 0.0355
0.302/45 0.17632
0.62/13 0.38044
0.42786
0.46336
0.60060
0.63595
126m2
Sb 11. s I.T./ 3- L x-ray
0.0227
126m1
Sb 19.0 m β- /86 / 1.9 5+ 0.4148
I.T./14 / 0.6663
0.6950
(0.222–1.477)
Sb
126
125.9073 12.4 d β- /3.67 1.9 8- 1.3 0.2786
0.4148/83.3
0.6663/99.7
0.6950/99
0.7205
Sb
127
126.90692 3.84 d β- /1.581 0.89/ 7/2+ 2.70 0.2524
1.10/ 0.2908
1.50/ 0.4121


0.4370
0.6857
0.7837
128m
Sb 10.1 m β- /96/ 2.6/ 5+ 0.3140
I.T./4/ 0.5941
0.7432
0.7539
Nuclear
Sb
128
127.9091 9.1 h β- /4.38 2.3/ 8- 1.3 0.2148
0.3141
0.5265
0.7433
0.7540
129m
Sb 17.7 m β- / 0.4338
0.6578
0.7598
Sb
129
128.9091 4.40 h β- /2.38 0.65/ 7/2- 2.79 0.0278
0.1808
0.3594
0.4596
0.5447
0.8128
0.9146
1.0301
130m
Sb 6.5 m β- /2.6 2.12/ 3.09 0.1023
0.7934
0.8394
Sb
130
129.9117 38.4 m β- /4.96 2.9/ 8- 0.1823
0.3309
0.4680
0.7394
0.8394
Sb
131
130.91199 23.0 m β- /3.20 1.31/ 7/2+ 2.89 0.6423
3.0/ 0.6579
0.9331
0.9434
132m
Sb 2.8 m β- / 3.9/ 4+ 3.18 0.1034
0.3538
0.6968
0.9739
0.9896
Sb
132
131.91451 4.2 m β- /5.49 8- 0.1034
0.1506
0.6968
0.9739
Sb
133
132.91527 2.5 m β- /4.00 1.20/ 7/2+ 3.00 0.4235
0.6318
0.8165
1.0764
Sb
134m
10.4 s β- / 6.1 7-
Sb
134
133.92054 0.8 s β- /8.4 8.4 0- 0.1152
0.2970
0.7063
1.2791
Sb
135
134.92519 1.71 s β- /8.12 7/2+ 1.127
1.279


136
Sb 135.93075 0.82 s β- /9.3
137
Sb 136.936 0.49 s β-, n /49
138
Sb 137.941 0.35 s β-, n /72
139
Sb 138.947 0.09 s β-, n /90
140
Sb 139.953 > 0.4 µs
52Te 127.60(3)
105
Te 104.943 ~ 0.63 μs α Α/4.70
Nuclear
106
Te 105.938 0.07 ms α/4.3 /100 0+
107
Te 106.9350 3.1 ms α/ 70/ 3.86(1)/ (0.090–0.721)
β+, EC/10.1
Te
108
107.92938 2.1 s α /68 / 3.314(4)/ 0+
β+, EC/32 /6.8
Te
109
108.92731 4.6 s β+ EC/96 /8.7 0.7523
α/4 / 3.107(4)/ 0.287–2.045
Te
110
109.92246 19. s β+, EC/4.5 0+ ann.rad./
0.2191
0.6059
Te
111
110.92110 19.3 s β+, EC/8.0 (7/2+) ann.rad./
0.267
0.322
0.341
Te
112
111.9167 2.0 m β+, EC/4.3 0+ ann.rad./
0.2962
0.3727
0.4187
Te
113
112.9159 1.7 s β+ /85/5.7 4.5/ (7/2+) ann.rad./
EC/15/ Sb k x-ray
0.8144
1.0181
1.1812
Te
114
113.9121 15. m β+ /40/3.2 0+ ann.rad./
EC/60/ Sb k x-ray
0.0838
0.0903
115m
Te 6.7 m β+ /45/ (1/2+) ann.rad./
EC/55/ Sb k x-ray
0.7236
0.7704
Te
115
114.9119 5.8 m β+ /45/4.6 2.7/ 7/2+ ann.rad./
EC/55/ Sb k x-ray
0.7236
1.3268
1.3806
(0.22–2.7)
Te
116
115.9085 2.49 h EC/1.5 0+ Sb k x-ray
0.0937
Te
117
116.9086 1.03 h EC/75/3.54 1.78/ ½+ ann.rad./
β+ /25/ Sb k x-ray
0.9197
1.7164
2.3000
Te
118
117.9059 6.00 d EC/0.28 0+ Sb k x-ray
Te
119m
4.69 d EC/ 11/2- 0.89 Sb k x-ray
0.15360
0.2705


1.21271
Te
119
118.9064 16.0 h β+ /2/2.293 0.627/ ½+ 0.25 ann.rad./
EC/98/ Sb k x-ray
0.6440
0.6998
Te
120
0.09(1) 119.90406 > 1.9×1017 a β+ EC 0+
Te
121m
~ 154. d I.T. (89%) 11/2- 0.90 Te k x-ray
Nuclear
EC (11%) 0.2122
Te
121
120.9049 16.8 d EC/1.04 ½+ Sb k x-ray
0.5076
0.5731
Te
122
2.55(12) 121.90304 0+
Te
123m
119.7 d I.T./0.247 11/2- –0.93 Te k x-ray
0.1590/84.1
123
Te 0.89(3) 122.90427 > 9.2 × 1016 a EC/0.051 ½+ –0.736948
124
Te 4.74(14) 123.90282 0+
125m
Te 58. d I.T./0.145 11/2- –0.99 –0.06 Te k x-ray
0.0355
125
Te 7.07(15) 124.90443 ½+ –0.8885
126
Te 18.84(25) 125.90331 0+
127m
Te 109. d I.T./98/0.088 11/2- –1.04 ~ 0.2 Te k x-ray
β- /2/0.77 0.0883
127
Te 126.90523 9.30 h β- /0.698 0.696/ 3/2+ 0.635 0.3603
128
Te 31.74(8) 127.90446 2.5 × 1024 a β-β- 0+
129m
Te 33.6 d I.T./63/0.105 11/2- –1.09 0.40 Te k x-ray
β- /37/ 1.60/ 0.45984
0.6959
Te
129
128.90660 1.16 h β- /1.498 0.99/9 3/2+ 0.702 0.06 0.0278
1.45/89 0.45984
0.48728
Te
130
34.08(62) 129.9062227 7. × 1020 a β-β- 0+
Te
131m
1.35 d β- /78/2.4 0.42/ 11/2- –1.04 ~ 0.25 0.0811
I.T./22/0.18 0.1021
0.14973
0.77369
0.79375
0.85225
Te
131
130.9085222 25.0 m β- /2.233 1.35/12 3/2+ 0.70 0.14973
Te
132m
13. µs (7-) 0.151
1.69/22 0.45327
2.14/60 0.49269
Te
132
131.90855 3.26 d β- /0.51 0.215 0+ 0.049725
0.11198
0.22830
133m
Te 55.4 m β- /82/ 2.4/30 11/2- –1.13 0.3 Te k x-ray
I.T./18/0.334 0.0949
0.1689
0.3121
0.3341
Te
133
132.91097 12.4 m β- /2.94 2.25/25 3/2+ 0.85 0.2 0.3121
2.65 0.4079
1.3334
Te
134
133.91139 42. m β- /1.51 0.6/ 0+ 0.7672/29
0.7/ (0.079–0.926)
Te
135
134.91656 19.0 s β- /6.0 5.4/ 0.7 0.3 0.267


6.0 0.603
0.870
136
Te 135.92010 17.5 s β- /5.1 2.5/ 0+ 2.0779/25
(0.087–3.235)
137
Te 136.92560 2.5 s β- /98 /6.9 6.8 7/2- 0.2436
n/2 /
138
Te 137.92947 1.4 s β- /6.4 0+
Nuclear
139
Te 138.93537 > 0.15 μs
140
Te 139.9395 > 0.15 μs 0+
141
Te 140.946 > 0.15 μs
142
Te 141.950 > 0.15 μs 0+
143
Te 142.957 > 0.4 µs
53I 126.90447(3)
107
I 106.947
108
I 107.943 0.04 s α/91/4. 3.95
109
I 108.93809 93.5 μs p 0.593/100
α α//0.014 0.717/63
(0.496–1.057)
110
I 109.9351 0.65 s β+, EC/83/11.4 ann.rad./
α/17/~ 3.6 3.457(10)/
p/11/
111
I 110.93027 2.5 s β+, E.C./8.5 ann.rad./
0.2665
0.3215
0.3412
112
I 111.9280 3.4 s β+, EC/10.2 ann.rad./
0.6889
0.7869
113
I 112.9237 5.9 s β+, EC/7.6 ann.rad./
0.4625/100
0.6224/74
0.0550–1.422
114
I 113.922 2.1 s β+, EC/8.7 ann.rad./
0.6826
0.7088
115
I 114.9181 1.3 m β+, EC/6.7 5/2+ ann.rad./
0.275
0.284
0.460
0.709
116
I 115.917 2.9 s β+ /97/7.8 6.7/ 1+ ann.rad./
EC/3/ 0.5402
0.6789
117
I 116.9136 2.22 m β+, EC/4.7 3.2/ (5/2+) 3.1 ann.rad./
0.2744
0.3259
118m
I 8.5 m β+, EC/ 4.9/ 7- 4.2 ann.rad./
I.T. 0.104
0.5998
0.6052
0.6138
118
I 117.9131 14. m β+, EC/7.0 2- 2.0 ann.rad./
0.5448
0.6052
1.3384


119
I 118.9101 19. m β+ /54/3.5 2.4/ (5/2+) +2.9 ann.rad./
EC/46/ Te k x-ray
0.2575
120m
I 53. m β+ /80/ 3.8 4.2 ann.rad./
EC/20/ Te k x-ray
0.4257
0.5604
Nuclear
0.6147
1.3459
I
120
119.9101 1.36 h β+ /56/5.62 4.03 2- 1.23 ann.rad./
EC/ 4.60 Te k x-ray
0.5604
0.6411
1.5230
(0.111–3.1)
I
121
120.90741 2.12 h β+ /13/2.27 1.2/ 5/2+ 2.3 ann.rad./
EC/87/ Te k x-ray
0.2122
(0.14–1.1)
I
122
121.90759 3.6 m β+ /4.234 3.1/ 1+ +0.94 ann.rad./
EC/ Te k x-ray
0.5641
I
123
122.90559 13.22 h EC/1.242 5/2+ 2.82 Te k x-ray
0.1590
I
124
123.90621 4.18 d β+ /23/3.160 1.54/ 2- 1.446 ann.rad./
EC/77/ 2.14/ Te k x-ray
0.75/ 0.6027/62.9
0.7228/10.3
1.6910/11.2
(0.31–1.73)
I
125
124.90463 59.4 d EC/0.1861 5/2+ 2.82 –0.78 Te k x-ray
0.0355
I
126
125.90562 13.0 d EC/ 2- 1.438 ann.rad./
β+ /2.155 1.13/ Te k x-ray
β- /1.258/47 0.87/ 0.3887
1.25/ 0.6622
I
127
100. 126.90447 5/2+ +2.8133 –0.71
I
128
127.90581 25.00 m β- /2.118 2.13/ 1+ Te k x-ray
EC/1.251 0.44287
0.52658
I
129
128.90498 1.7 × 107 a β- /0.194 0.15/ 7/2+ +2.6210 –0.50 Xe k x-ray
0.0396
130m
I 9.0 m I.T./83/0.048 2+ I k x-ray
β- /17/ 0.5361
I
130
129.90667 12.36 h β- /2.949 1.04/ 5+ 3.35 0.4180
0.62 0.5361
0.6685
0.7395
I
131
130.906126 8.021 d β- /0.971 0.606/ 7/2+ +2.742 –0.35 0.08017
0.28431
0.36446
0.63699
132m
I 1.39 h IT 8-
I
132
131.90799 2.283 h β- /14/3.58 0.80/ 4+ 3.09 0.08 I k x-ray
I.T./86/ 1.03/ 0.0980


1.2/ 0.5059
1.6/ 0.52264
2.16/ 0.63019
0.6506
0.66768
0.77260
0.95457
Nuclear
133m
I 9. s I.T./1.63 19/2- I kx-ray
0.0730
0.6474
0.9126
I
133
132.90780 20.8 h β- /1.77 1.24/85 7/2+ +2.86 –0.24 0.51056
0.52989
0.87537
134m
I 3.7 m I.T./98/0.316 8- I k x-ray
β- /2/ 0.0444
0.2719
I
134
133.90976 52.6 m β- /4.05 1.2/ 4+ 0.1354
0.84702
0.88409
I
135
134.91005 6.57 h β- /2.63 0.9/ 7/2+ 2.940 0.2884
1.3/ 0.41768
0.52658
1.13156
1.26046
136m
I 47. s β- / 4.7/ 6- 0.1973
5.2/ 0.3468
0.3701
0.3814
1.3130
(0.16–2.36)
I
136
135.9146 1.39 m β- /6.93 4.3/ 2- 0.3447
5.6/ 1.3130
1.3211
2.2896
(0.3–6.1)
I
137
136.9180 24.5 s β- /5.88 5.0/ (7/2+) 0.6010
1.2180
1.2201
1.3026
1.5343
(0.25–4.4)
I
138
137.92273 6.5 s β- /7.8 6.9/ 2- 0.4836
7.4/ 0.5888
0.8752
(0.4–5.3)
I
139
138.9265 2.30 s β- /6.81 0.192
n/ 0.198
0.273
0.382
0.386
0.468
0.683
1.313
I
140
139.932 0.86 s β- /8.8 (3) 0.372


n/ 0.377
0.457
141
I 140.936 0.45 s β- /7.8
142
I 141.941 ~ 0.2 s β-
143
I 142.946 > 0.15 μs
144
I 143.951 > 0.15 μs
145
I 144.956 > 0.4 µs
Nuclear
54Xe 131.293(6)
Xe
109
108.950 13. ms α α/3.92
α/4.06
Xe
110
109.944 0.11 s β+ /9.2 0+
α /~ 64
Xe
111m
0.9 s EC, β+
Xe
111
110.942 0.7 s EC, β+ /10.6
α/ 3.58(1)/
112
Xe 111.9356 3. s EC, β+ /7.2 α/0.8/ 0+
113
Xe 112.93322 2.8 s EC, β+ /9.1
114
Xe 113.9280 10.0 s β+, EC/5.9 0+ ann.rad./
0.1031
0.1616
0.3085
0.6826
0.7088
Xe
115
114.9263 18. s β+, EC/7.6 (5/2+) ann.rad./
Xe
116
115.9216 56. s β+, EC/4.3 3.3/ 0+ ann.rad./
0.1042
0.1916
0.2477
0.3107
0.4127
Xe
117
116.9204 1.02 m β+, EC/6.5 (5/2+) –0.594 +1.16 ann.rad./
0.2214
0.5190
0.6389
0.6613
Xe
118
117.9162 ~ 4. m β+, EC/3. 2.7/ 0+ ann.rad./
0.0535
0.0600
0.1199
Xe
119
118.9154 5.8 m β+, EC/5.0 3.5/ 7/2+ –0.654 +1.31 0.0873
0.1000
0.2318
0.4615
Xe
120
119.9118 46. m β+, EC/97/1.96 0+ I k x-ray
β+ /3/ 0.0251
0.0726
0.1781
(0.1–1.03)
Xe
121
120.9115 39. m β+ /44/3.73 2.8/ 5/2+ –0.701 +1.33 ann.rad./
EC/56/ I k x-ray
0.1328
0.2527
0.4452
(0.1–3.1)
Xe
122
121.9084 20.1 h EC/0.9 0+ I k x-ray


0.3501
Xe
123
122.9085 2.00 h β+ /23/2.68 1.51/ ½+ –0.150 ann.rad./
EC/77/ I k x-ray
0.1489
0.1781
(0.1–2.1)
Xe
124
0.0952(3) 123.90589 > 1017 a β-β- 0+
Nuclear
Xe
125m
57. s I.T./0.252 (9/2-) –0.745 +0.42 ×e k x-ray
0.1111
0.141
Xe
125
124.90639 17.1 h EC/1.653 0.47/ ½+ –0.269 I k x-ray
0.1884
0.2434
Xe
126
0.0890(2) 125.90430 0+
Xe
127m
1.15 m I.T./0.297 (9/2-) –0.884 +0.69 ×e k x-ray
0.1246
0.1725
Xe
127
126.90518 36.34 d EC/0.662 ½+ –0.504 I k x-ray
0.1721
0.2029
0.3750
Xe
128
1.9102(8) 127.90353 0+
Xe
129m
8.89 d I.T./0.236 11/2- –0.89122 +0.64 ×e k x-ray
0.0396
0.1966
129
Xe 26.4006(82) 128.90478086 ½+ –0.77798
130
Xe 4.0710(13) 129.9035094 0+
131m
Xe 11.9 d I.T./0.164 11/2- –0.99405 +0.73 ×e k x-ray
0.16398
131
Xe 21.2324(30) 130.905084 3/2+ +0.69186 –0.12
132
Xe 26.9086(33) 131.90415509 0+
133m
Xe 2.19 d I.T./0.233 11/2- –1.082 +0.77 ×e k x-ray
0.23325
Xe
133
132.90591 5.243 d β- /0.427 0.346/99 3/2+ +0.813 +0.14 Cs k x-ray
0.080998
0.1606
Xe
134
10.4357(21) 133.90539 > 1.1 × 1016 a β- β- 0+
Xe
135m
15.3 m I.T./ 11/2- 1.1030 +0.62 ×e k x-ray
0.52658
Xe
135
134.90723 9.10 h β- /1.15 0.91/ 3/2+ 0.903 +0.21 0.24975/0.90
0.60807
Xe
136
8.8573(44) 135.9072145 2.3 × 1021 a β-β- 0+
Xe
137
136.91158 3.82 m β- /4.17 4.1/ 7/2- –0.97 –0.48 0.45549
3.6/ 0.8489
0.9822
1.2732
1.7834
2.8498
Xe
138
137.91415 14.1 m β- /2.77 0.8/ 0+ 0.1538
2.4/ 0.2426
0.2583/35
0.4345/22
1.76826/19
2.0158
Xe
139
138.91879 39.7 s β- /5.06 4.5/ 3/2- –0.30 +0.40 0.1750


5.0/ 0.2186
0.2965
(0.1–3.37)
Xe
140
139.92165 13.6 s β- /4.1 2.6 0+ 0.0801
0.6220
0.8055
1.4137
Nuclear
(0.04–2.3)
Xe
141
140.92679 1.72 s β- /6.2 6.2/ 5/2(-) +0.010 –0.58 0.1187
0.9095
(0.05–2.55)
Xe
142
141.92997 1.22 s β- /5.0 3.7/ 0+ 0.0338
4.2/ 0.0729
0.2038
0.3091
0.4145
0.5382
0.5718
0.6181
0.6448
143m
Xe 0.96 s β-
143
Xe 142.93537 0.30 s β- /7.3 5/2- –0.460 +0.93
144
Xe 143.93895 1.2 s β- /6.1 0+
145
Xe 144.9447 0.9 s β-, (n)
146
Xe 145.9485 > 0.15 μs 0+
147
Xe 146.954 > 0.15 μs
148
Xe 147.958 > 0.4 µs
55Cs 132.9054520(1)
112
Cs 111.950 0.5 ms p 0.81
113
Cs 112.9444 17. μs p 0.96
114
Cs 113.9413 0.58 s β+, EC/11.8 1+ ann.rad./
0.6826
0.7088
Cs
115
114.936 ~ 1.4 s β+, EC/8.4 ann.rad./
Cs
116m
0.7 s β, EC/ ann.rad./
0.3935
Cs
116
115.933 3.8 s β+, EC/10.8 ann.rad./
0.3935
0.5243
0.6151
0.6223
117m
Cs 6.5 s β+, EC/
117
Cs 116.9286 ~ 8.4 s β+, EC/7.5 ann.rad./
118m
Cs 17. s β+, EC/ 5.
118
Cs 117.9266 14. s β+, EC/9. 2 +3.88 +1.4 ann.rad./
0.3372
0.4727
0.5865
0.5906
Cs
119m
29. s 3/2(+) +0.84 +0.9
Cs
119
118.9224 43. s β+, EC/6.3 9/2+ +5.46 +2.8 ann.rad./
0.169
0.176
0.224
0.257


120m
Cs 60. s β+, EC/
120
Cs 119.9207 64. s β+, EC/7.92 2(+) +3.87 +1.45 ann.rad./
0.3224
0.4735
0.5534
(0.3–3.28)
121m
Cs 2.0 m I.T./60/ 9/2(+) +5.41 +2.7 ann.rad./
Nuclear
β+ /40/ 4.4 0.1794

0.1961
Cs
121
120.9172 2.3 m β+, EC/5.40 4.38/ 3/2(+) +0.77 +0.84 ann.rad./
0.1537
(0.08–0.56)
122m2
Cs 4.4 m β+, EC 8(-) +4.77 +3.3 ann.rad./
122m1
Cs 0.36 s IT 0.3311
0.4971
0.6385
(0.27–2.22)
Cs
122
121.9161 21. s β+, EC/7.1 5.8/ 1+ –0.133 –0.19 ann.rad./
0.3311
0.5120
0.8179
123m
Cs 1.6 s I.T./ 11/2- Cs k x-ray
0.0946
Cs
123
122.9130 5.87 m β+ /75/4.20 3.0/ 1/2+ +1.38 ann.rad./
EC/25/ Xe k x-ray
0.0974
0.5964
Cs
124m
6.3 s IT 7+
Cs
124
123.9123 30. s β+ /9 /5.92 ~ 5. 1+ +0.673 –0.74 ann.rad./
EC/8 / Xe k x-ray
0.3539
0.4925
0.9418
Cs
125
124.90973 45. m β+ /40/3.09 2.06/ 1/2(+) +1.41 ann.rad./
EC/60/ Xe k x-ray
0.112
0.526
Cs
126
125.9094 1.64 m. β+ /81/4.83 3.4 1+ +0.78 –0.68 ann.rad./
EC/19/ 3.7/ Xe k x-ray
0.3886
0.4912
0.9252
Cs
127
126.90742 6.2 h β+ /96/2.08 0.65/ 1/2+ +1.46 Xe k x-ray
EC/4/ 1.06 0.1247
0.4119
Cs
128
127.90775 3.62 m β+ /68/3.930 2.44/ 1+ +0.97 –0.57 ann.rad./
EC/32 / 2.88/ Xe k x-ray
0.4429
Cs
129
128.90607 1.336 d EC/1.195 1/2+ +1.49 Xe k x-ray
0.3719
0.4115
Cs
130m
3.5 m IT, β+, EC 5- +0.629 +1.45
Cs
130
129.9067 29.21 m β+ /55/2.98 1.98/ 1+ +1.46 –0.06 ann.rad./
EC/43/ Xe k x-ray
β- /1.6/0.37 0.44/1.6 0.5361


131
Cs 130.90547 9.69 d EC/0.352 5/2+ +3.543 –0.58 Xe k x-ray
132
Cs 131.90643 6.48 d EC/98/ 2+ +2.22 +0.51 Xe k x-ray
β+ /0.3/2.120 0.4646
β- / /1.280 0.6302
0.66769
Cs
133
100. 132.9054520 7/2+ +2.58291 –0.00355
Cs
134m
2.91 h I.T./0.139 8- +1.0978 +1.0 Cs k x-ray
Nuclear
0.12749
Cs
134
133.9067185 2.065 a β- /2.059 0.089/27 4+ +2.994 +0.389 0.56327
0.658/70 0.56935
EC/1.22 0.60473
0.79584
135m
Cs 53. m I.T./1.627 19/2- +2.18 +0.9 0.7869
0.8402
135
Cs 134.90598 2.3 × 106 a β- /0.269 0.205/100 7/2+ +2.7324 +0.050
136m
Cs 17.5 s I.T./ 8- +1.32 +0.7 (0.105–0.518)
136
Cs 135.90731 13.16 d β- /2.548 0.341/ 5+ +3.71 +0.23 0.06691
0.34057
0.81850
1.04807
Cs
137
136.907089 30.05 a β- /1.176 0.514/95 7/2+ +2.851 +0.051 Ba k x-ray
0.66164
138m
Cs 2.9 m I.T./75 /0.080 6- +1.71 –0.40 Cs k x-ray
β- /25 / 3.3 0.0799
0.1917
0.4628
1.43579
Cs
138
137.9110 32.2 m β- /5.37 2.9/ 3- +0.700 +0.12 0.1381
0.46269
1.00969
1.43579
2.21788
Cs
139
138.91336 9.3 m β- /4.213 4.21 7/2+ +2.70 –0.07 0.6272
1.2832
(0.4–3.66)
Cs
140
139.9173 1.06 m β- /6.22 5.7/ 1- +0.133895 –0.11 0.5283
6.21/ 0.6023
0.9084
(0.41–3.94)
Cs
141
140.9200 24.9 s β- /5.26 5.20/ 7/2+ +2.44 –0.4 Ba k x-ray
0.0485
0.5616
0.5887
1.1940
(0.05–3.33)
Cs
142
141.92430 1.8 s β- /7.31 6.9/ 0- 0.3596
7.28 0.9668
1.1759
1.3265
Cs
143
142.9273 1.78 s β- /6.24 6.1 3/2+ +0.87 +0.47 0.1955
0.2324
0.3064
(0.17–1.98)
Cs
144
143.9321 1.01 s β- /8.47 8.46/ 1 (-) –0.546 +0.30 0.1993
7.9/ 0.5598


0.6392
0.7587
Cs
145
144.9355 0.59 s β- /7.89 7.4/ 3/2+ +0.784 +0.6 0.1126
7.9/ 0.1755
0.1990
146
Cs 145.9403 0.322 s β-, (n)/9.38 ~ 9.0 1- –0.515 +0.22
147
Cs 146.9442 0.227 s β-, (n)/9.3 (0.024–2.2798)
Nuclear
148
Cs 147.949 0.15 s β-, (n)/10.5
149
Cs 148.953 > 50 ms
150
Cs 149.958 > 50 ms
151
Cs 150.963 > 50 ms
56Ba 137.327(7)
Ba
114
113.951 0.43 s β+, (p) p/20 0+
α /0.9
115
Ba 114.947 0.45 s β+, (p) p/<15
116
Ba 115.941 1.3 s β+, (p) p/3 0+
117
Ba 116.938 1.8 s β+, (p), EC/8.4 p/16 (3/2-) (0.046–0.364)
118
Ba 117.933 5.2 s β+, 0+ (0.040–0.156)
119
Ba 118.931 5.4 s β+, EC/8.
120
Ba 119.926 24. s β+, EC/5.0 0+ ann.rad./
0.140
(0.075–0.146)
121
Ba 120.924 30. s β+, EC/6.8 5/2+ +0.660 +1.8 ann.rad./
122
Ba 121.9199 2.0 m β+, EC/3.8 0+ ann.rad./
123
Ba 122.9188 2.7 m β+, EC/5.5 5/2(+) –0.680 +1.5 ann.rad./
0.0306
0.0927
0.1161
0.1235
Ba
124
123.9151 12. m β+, EC/2.65 0+ ann.rad./
0.1695
0.1888
1.2160
Ba
125m
8. m β+, EC/ 4.5 0.174
Ba
125
124.9145 3.5 m β+, EC/4.6 3.4 ½(+) +0.18 ann.rad./
0.0550
0.0776
0.0854
0.1409
Ba
126
125.9113 1.65 h β+ /2/1.67 0+ Cs k x-ray
EC/98 / 0.2179
0.2336
0.2576
Ba
127m
1.9 s IT 7/2- –0.723 +1.6
Ba
127
126.9111 12.9 m β+ /54/3.5 1/2+ +0.083 ann.rad./
EC/46/ Cs k x-ray
0.1148
0.1808
(0.07–2.5)
Ba
128
127.90834 2.43 d EC/0.52 0+ Cs k x-ray
0.27344
129m
Ba 2.17 h EC/98/ 7/2+ +0.93 +1.6 Cs k x-ray
β+ /2/ 0.1769
0.1823
0.2023


1.4593
Ba
129
128.9087 2.2 h β+ /20/2.43 1.42/ 1/2+ –0.40 ann.rad./
EC/80/ Cs k x-ray
0.1291
0.2143
0.2208
130m
Ba 9.5 ms I.T./2.475 /100. 8- –0.04 +2.8 0.080–0.802
Nuclear
130
Ba 0.106(1) 129.90632 2.2 × 1021 a β+β+ 0+
131m
Ba 14.6 m I.T./0.187 9/2- –0.87 +1.5 Ba k x-ray
0.1085
Ba
131
130.90694 11.7 d EC/1.37 1/2+ 0.70811 Cs k x-ray
0.12381/28.4
0.21608/21.3
0.49636/42.9
(0.055–1.171)
Ba
132
0.101(1) 131.90506 1.3 × 1021 a EC EC 0+
Ba
133m
1.621 d I.T./0.288 11/2- –0.91 +0.9 Ba k x-ray
0.2761
Ba
133
132.90601 10.53 a EC/0.517 1/2+ 0.77167 Cs k x-ray
0.08099
0.35600
Ba
134
2.417(18) 133.904508 0+
Ba
135m
1.20 d I.T./0.2682 11/2- –1.00 +1.0 Ba k x-ray
0.2682
Ba
135
6.592(12) 134.905688 3/2+ +0.83863 +0.160
Ba
136m
0.308 s I.T./2.0305 7- Ba k x-ray
0.8185
1.0481
Ba
136
7.854(24) 135.904576 0+
Ba
137m
2.552 m I.T./0.6617 11/2- –0.99 +0.8 Ba k x-ray
0.66164
137
Ba 11.232(24) 136.905827 3/2+ +0.93737 +0.245
138
Ba 71.698(42) 137.905247 0+
139
Ba 138.90884 1.396 h β- /2.317 2.14/27 7/2- –0.97 –0.57 0.16585
2.27/72 1.2544
1.42033
Ba
140
139.9106 12.75 d β- /1.05 0.48 0+ 0.16268
1.0/ 0.30485
1.02/ 0.53727
Ba
141
140.91440 18.3 m β- /3.22 2.59/ 3/2- –0.34 +0.45 0.1903
2.73/ 0.2770
0.3042
(0.1–2.5)
Ba
142
141.91643 10.7 m β- /2.212 1.0/ 0+ 0.23152
1.10/ 0.25512
0.3090
1.2040
Ba
143
142.92063 14.3 s β- /4.24 4.2/ 5/2- +0.44 –0.88 0.1786
0.21148
0.7988
(0.17–2.4)
Ba
144
143.92296 11.4 s β- /3.1 2.4/ 0+ La k x-ray
2.9/ 0.10386
0.1566
0.1728


0.3882
0.43048
Ba
145
144.9275 4.0 s β- /4.9 4.9/ 5/2- –0.28 +1.22 La k x-ray
0.0918
0.09709
Ba
146
145.9303 2.20 s β- /4.12 3.9/ 0+ 0.0644
0.2513
Nuclear
0.3270
0.3329
0.3622
147
Ba 146.9353 0.892 s β- /5.75 5.5/
148
Ba 147.9382 0.64 s β-, n/5.11 0+
149
Ba 148.943 0.36 s β-, (n)/7.3
150
Ba 149.946 0.3 s 0+
151
Ba 150.951 > 0.15 μs
152
Ba 151.955 > 0.4 µs 0+
153
Ba 152.960
57La 138.90547(7)
117
La 116.950 23 ms p 0.813/ 3/2+ (0.189–0.817)
118
La 117.947
119
La 118.941
120
La 119.938 2.8 s EC, β+ /11.
121
La 120.933 5.3 s
122
La 121.931 9. s EC, β+ /~ 9.7
123
La 122.926 17. s EC/7.
124
La 123.9246 30. s EC/ ~ 8.8 (7+)
125m
La 0.39 s
125
La 124.9208 1.2 m β+, EC/5.6 11/2- ann.rad./
0.0436
0.0676
La
126m
< 50. s
La
126
125.920 54. s β+, EC/7.6 ann.rad./
0.256
0.455
0.117–3.853
La
127
126.9164 3.8 m β+, EC/4.7 3/2+ ann.rad./
0.025
0.0562
La
128
127.9156 5.0 m β+ /80/6.7 (5-) ann.rad./
EC/20/ Ba k x-ray
0.2841/87
0.4793/54
(0.315–2.212)
La
129m
0.56 s IT (11/2-)
La
129
128.9127 11.6 m β+ /58/3.72 2.42/ 3/2+ ann.rad./
EC/42/ Ba k x-ray
0.1105
0.2786
(0.1–1.8)
La
130
129.9124 8.7 m β+ /78/5.6 3+ ann.rad./
EC/22/ Ba k x-ray
0.3573/81
0.5506/27
(0.1965–1.989)
La
131
130.9101 59. m β+ /76/3.0 1.42/ 3/2+ ann.rad./


EC/24/ 1.94/ Ba k x-ray
0.1085
0.3658
0.5263
132m
La 24. m I.T./76/ 6- La k x-ray
β+, EC/24/ 0.1352
0.4645
Nuclear
La
132
131.9101 4.8 h β+ /40/4.71 2.6/ 2- ann.rad./
EC/60/ 3.2 Ba k x-ray
3.7/ 0.4645
0.5671
La
133
132.9082 3.91 h β+ /4/2.2 1.2/ 5/2+ Ba k x-ray
EC/96/ 0.2788
0.2901
0.3024
La
134
133.9085 6.5 m β+ /63/3.71 2.67/ 1+ ann.rad./
EC/37/ Ba k x-ray
0.6047
(0.5–1.9)
La
135
134.9070 19.5 h EC/1.20 5/2+ Ba k x-ray
0.4805
La
136
135.9076 9.87 m β+ /36/2.9 1.8/ 1+ +3.7 ~ –0.4 ann.rad./
EC/64/ Ba k x-ray
0.8185
La
137
136.90645 6 × 104 a EC/0.60 7/2+ +2.70 +0.21 0.2836
La
138
0.08881(71) 137.90712 1.06 × 1011 a 5+ +3.71365 +0.44 1.4358/65
0.7887/35
La
139
99.91119(71) 138.90636 7/2+ +2.783046 +0.20
La
140
139.90948 1.678 d β- /3.762 1.35 3- +0.73 +0.09
1.24/
1.67/
La
141
140.91097 3.90 h β- /2.502 2.43/ 7/2+
La
142
141.91409 1.54 h β- /4.505 2.11/ 2-
2.98/
4.52/
143
La 142.91608 14.1 m β- /3.43 3.3/ 7/2-
144
La 143.9196 40.7 s β- /5.5 4.1/
145
La 144.9218 24. s β- /4.1 4.1/ 3/2+
146m
La 10.0 s β- /6.7 5.5/ (6)
146
La 145.9259 6.3 s β- /6.6 6.2/ (2-)
147
La 146.9284 4.02 s β- /5.0 4.6/
148
La 147.9327 1.1 s β- /7.26 2-
149
La 148.935 1.10 s β- /5.5 0.1335
0.009–1.709
La
150
149.939 0.51 s x-ray
(0.097–0.209)
151
La 150.942 > 0.15 μs
152
La 151.947 > 0.15 μs
153
La 152.950 > 0.15 μs
154
La 153.955
155
La 154.959
58Ce 140.116(1)
119
Ce 118.953
120
Ce 119.947 0+
121
Ce 120.943 1.1 s β+, p


122
Ce 121.938 0+
123
Ce 122.935 3.8 s β+, EC/~ 8.6 ann.rad./
124
Ce 123.930 6. s EC/~ 5.6 0+
125m
Ce 2. m
125
Ce 124.928 9.6 s β+, EC/7. 7/2- ann.rad./
0.1346
0.1666
Nuclear
0.056–1.329
Ce
126
125.9240 50. s EC/4. 0+
Ce
127
126.9227 29. s β+, EC/6.1 ann.rad./
(0.058–1.961)
Ce
128
127.9189 4.1 m β+, EC/3.2 0+ ann.rad./
(0.023–0.880)
Ce
129
128.9181 3.5 m β+, EC/5.6 ann.rad./
(0.0675–1.015)
Ce
130
129.9147 26. m β+, EC/2.2 0+ ann.rad./
La k x-ray
0.047–1.431
131m
Ce 5. m β+ EC ann.rad./
0.2304
0.3955
0.4213
Ce
131
130.9144 10. m β+, EC/4.0 2.8/ ann.rad.
0.119
0.169
0.414
132m
Ce 9.4 ms IT/2.340 0.3255
0.10–0.955
Ce
132
131.9115 3.5 h EC/1.3 0+ La k x-ray
0.1554
0.1821
133m
Ce 1.6 h β+, EC/ ½+ ann.rad.
0.0769
0.0973
0.5577
Ce
133
132.9115 5.4 h β+ /8/2.9 1.3/ 9/2- ann.rad.
EC/92/ 0.0584
0.1308
0.4722
0.5104
Ce
134
133.9089 3.16 d EC/0.5 0+ La k x-ray
0.1304
0.1623
0.6047
135m
Ce 20. s I.T./0.446 11/2- Ce k x-ray
0.0826
0.1497
0.2134
Ce
135
134.9092 17.7 h β+ /1 /2.026 0.8/ 1/2(+) La k x-ray
EC/99 / 0.0345
0.2656
0.3001
0.6068
Ce
136
0.185(2) 135.907129 > 3. × 1016 a EC EC 0+
> 4.2 × 1015 a β-β-


137m
Ce 1.43 d I.T./99 /0.254 11/2- 1.0 Ce k x-ray
EC/0.8 / 0.1693
0.2543
Ce
137
136.907762 9.0 h β+ /1.222 3/2+ 0.96 La k x-ray
0.4472
Ce
138
0.251(2) 137.9060 > 4.4 × 1016 a EC EC 0+
Ce
139m
56.4 s I.T./0.7542 11/2- Ce k x-ray
Nuclear
0.7542
Ce
139
138.90666 137.6 d EC/0.28 3/2+ 1.06 La k x-ray
1.320/72.1
0.255/59.6
0.825/45.8
(0.231–2.364)
Ce
140
88.450(51) 139.90544 0+
Ce
141
140.90828 32.50 d β- /0.581 0.436/69 7/2- 1.1 Pr k x-ray
0.581/31 0.14544/48.0
Ce
142
11.114(51) 141.90925 > 1.6 × 1017 a β-β- 0+
Ce
143
142.91239 1.38 d β- /1.462 1.404/ 3/2- 0.43 Pr k x-ray
1.110/47 0.0574
0.2933
Ce
144
143.91365 284.6 d β- /0.319 0.185/20 0+ Pr k x-ray
0.318/ 0.0801
0.1335
Ce
145
144.9173 3.00 m β- /2.54 1.7/24 3/2- Pr k x-ray
1.3 0.0627
0.7245
Ce
146
145.9188 13.5 m β- /1.04 0.7/90 0+ Pr k x-ray
0.0986
0.2182
0.3167
0.0930
Ce
147
146.9227 56. s β- /3.29 3.3/ 0.2687
Ce
148
147.9244 56. s β- /2.1 1.66/ 0+ 0.0904
0.0985
0.1212
0.2918
Ce
149
148.9284 5.2 s β- /4.2 0.0577
0.0864
0.3800
0.1099
Ce
150
149.9304 4.4 s β- /3.0 0+ 0.0526
Ce
151
150.9343 1.8 s β- /5.3 Pr k x-ray
(0.035–0.637)
Ce
152
151.937 1.4 s β- /4.4 0+ 0.098
0.115
153
Ce 152.941 > 0.15 μs
154
Ce 153.944 > 0.15 μs 0+
155
Ce 154.949 > 0.15 μs
156
Ce 155.952 0+
157
Ce 156.957
59Pr 140.90766(2)
121
Pr 120.955 0.01 s p p/0.882
122
Pr 121.952
123
Pr 122.946
124
Pr 123.943 1.2 s β+, EC/12. ann.rad./


125
Pr 124.938 ~ 3.3 s β+ ann.rad./
0.1358
Pr
126
125.935 3.1 s β+, EC/~ 10.4 ann.rad./
(0.170–0.985)
Pr
127
126.931 4.2 s β+ /~ 7.5 ann.rad./
(0.028–0.8949)
Pr
128
127.9288 3.0 s β+, EC/~ 9.3 ann.rad./
Nuclear
0.207/100
0.400–1.373
Pr
129
128.9251 32 s β+, EC/5.8 ann.rad./
(0.0395–1.865)
130
Pr 129.9236 40. s β+, EC/8.1 ann.rad./
131m
Pr 5.7 s (0.06–0.16)
131
Pr 130.9202 1.7 m β+, EC/5.3 ~ 5.5 ann.rad./
(0.059–0.980)
Pr
132
131.9193 1.6 m β+, EC/7.1 ann.rad./
0.325
0.496
0.533
133m
Pr 1.1 s IT/0.192 0.1305
0.0617
Pr
133
132.9163 6.5 m β+, EC/4.3 5/2+ ann.rad./
0.074
0.1343
0.2419
0.3156
0.3308
0.4650
134m
Pr ~ 11. m β+, EC/ ann.rad./
0.294
0.460
0.495
0.632
Pr
134
133.9157 17. m β+, EC/6.2 2+ ann.rad./
0.294
0.495
Pr
135
134.9131 24. m β+, EC/3.7 2.5/ 3/2(+) ann.rad./
0.0826
0.2135
0.2961
0.5832
Pr
136
135.9127 13.1 m β+ /57 /5.13 2.98/ 2+ ann.rad./
EC/43 Ce k x-ray
0.5398
0.5522
Pr
137
136.9107 1.28 h β+ /26 /2.70 1.68/ 5/2+ ann.rad./
EC/74 / Ce k x-ray
0.4339
0.5140
0.8367
(0.16–1.8)
138m
Pr 2.1 h β+ /24 / 1.65/ 7- ann.rad./
EC/76 / Ce k x-ray
0.3027
0.7887


1.0378
(0.07–2.0)
Pr
138
137.9108 1.45 m β+ /75 /4.44 3.42/ 1+ ann.rad./
EC/25 / Ce k x-ray
0.7887
Pr
139
138.90894 4.41 h β+ /8 /2.129 1.09/ 5/2+ ann.rad./
EC/92 / Ce k x-ray
Nuclear
0.2551
1.3473
1.6307
Pr
140
139.90908 3.39 m β+ /51 /3.39 2.37/ 1+ ann.rad./
EC/49 / Ce k x-ray
0.3069
1.5965
141
Pr 100. 140.90766 5/2+ +4.275 –0.08
142m
Pr 14.6 m I.T./0.004 c.e. 5- 2.2
142
Pr 141.91005 19.12 h β- /2.162 0.58/4 2- +0.234 +0.03 0.5088
EC/0.744 2.16/96 1.57580
Pr
143
142.91082 13.57 d β- /0.934 0.933/ 7/2+ +2.70 +0.8 0.7420
Pr
144m
7.2 m IT/99+/0.059 3- Pr k x-ray
β- / 0.0590
0.6965
0.8142
Pr
144
143.91331 17.28 m β- /2.998 0.807/1 0- 0.69649
2.30/ 1.48912
2.996/98 2.18562
Pr
145
144.91452 5.98 h β- /1.81 1.80/97 7/2+ 0.0725
0.6758
0.7483
Pr
146
145.9177 24.2 m β- /4.2 2.2/30 2- 0.4539/48
3.7/10 1.5247
4.2/40
Pr
147
146.9190 13.4 m β- /2.69 1.5/ 3/2+ 0.3146/24.
2.1/ 0.5779/16
0.6413/19.
148m
Pr 2.0 m β- / 4.0/ (4) 0.3016
3.8/ 0.4506
IT 0.77/36 0.6975
Pr
148
147.9221 2.27 m β- /4.9 4.8/ 1- 0.3017
4.5/
Pr
149
148.9237 2.3 m β- /3.40 3.0 (5/2+) 0.1085
0.1385
0.1651
Pr
150
149.9267 6.2 s β- /5.7 1- 0.1302
~ 5.5 0.8044
0.8527
Pr
151
150.9283 22.4 s β- /4.2
Pr
152
151.9316 3.2 s β- /6.7 4+ 0.0726
0.164
0.285
153
Pr 152.9339 4.3 s β- /5.5
154
Pr 153.938 2.3 s β- /7.9
155
Pr 154.9405 > 0.3 μs
156
Pr 155.945 > 0.3 μs
157
Pr 156.948


158
Pr 157.952
159
Pr 158.956
60Nd 144.242(3)
124
Nd 123.952 0+
125
Nd 124.949 0.6 s β+, p
126
Nd 125.943 > 0.2 µs 0+
127
Nd 126.940 1.8 s β+, EC/9. (5/2) ann.rad./
Nuclear
128
Nd 127.935 4. s β+, EC/6. ann.rad./
129m
Nd 2.6 s 0.134,0.399
129
Nd 128.933 4.9 s β+, EC/8. 5/2(-) ann.rad./
(0.091–0.875)
Nd
130
129.9285 28. s β+, EC/5. 0+ ann.rad./
Nd
131
130.9272 0.5 m β+, EC/6.6 ann.rad./
(0.09–0.36)
Nd
132
131.9233 1.5 m β+, EC/3.7 0+ ann.rad./
(0.099–0.567)
Nd
133
132.9224 1.2 m β+, EC/5.6 ann.rad./
(0.06–0.37)
Nd
134m
0.41 ms (8-) 0.167
Nd
134
133.9188 ~ 8.5 m β+ /17 /2.8 0+ ann.rad./
EC/83 / Pr k x-ray
0.1631/58
(0.09–1.00)
Nd
135m
5.5 m β+ /
Nd
135
134.9182 12. m β+ /65 /4.8 9/2(-) –0.78 +1.9 ann.rad./
EC/35 / Pr k x-ray
0.0415/23.
0.204/51.
(0.11–1.8)
Nd
136
135.9150 50.6 m EC/94 /2.21 1.04/ 0+ Pr kx-ray
β+ /6 / 0.0401/21.
0.1091/35.
(0.10–0.97)
137m
Nd 1.6 s I.T./0.5196 11/2- Nd k x-ray
0.1084
0.1775
0.2337
Nd
137
136.9146 38. m β+ /40 /3.69 1.7/20 1/2+ –0.63 ann.rad./
EC/60 / 2.40/20 Pr k x-ray
0.0755
0.5806
Nd
138
137.9120 5.1 h EC/1.1 0+ Pr k x-ray
0.1995
0.3258
139m
Nd 5.5 h I.T./12 /0.231 1.17/ 11/2- Nd k x-ray
β+ /88 / Pr k x-ray
0.1139/34.
0.7382/30.
Nd
139
138.9120 30. m β+ /25 /2.79 1.77/ 3/2+ +0.91 +0.3 ann.rad./
EC/75 / Pr k x-ray
0.4050
Nd
140
139.9096 3.37 d EC /0.22 0+ Pr k x-ray
Nd
141m
1.04 m IT/99+/0.756 11/2- Nd k x-ray
0.7565
Nd
141
140.90962 2.49 h EC/98 /1.823 0.802/ 3/2+ +1.01 +0.3 Pr k x-ray


β+ /2 / (0.15–1.7)
142
Nd 27.152(40) 141.90773 0+
143
Nd 12.174(26) 142.90982 7/2- –1.07 –0.60
144
Nd 23.798(19) 143.91009 2.1 × 1015 a α 1.83 0+
145
Nd 8.293(12) 144.91258 7/2- –0.66 –0.31
146
Nd 17.189(32) 145.91312 0+
147
Nd 146.91611 10.98 d β- /0.896 0.805/ 5/2- 0.58 0.9 Pr k x-ray
Nuclear
0.53102
0.09111–0.686
Nd
148
5.756(21) 147.91690 1020 a β- β- 0+
Nd
149
148.92015 1.73 h β- /1.691 1.03/25 5/2- 0.35 1.3 Pr k x-ray
1.13/26 0.1143/19.
1.42/ 0.2113/27.
(0.026–1.6)
Nd
150
5.638(28) 149.92090 1.33 × 1020 a β-β- 0+
Nd
151
150.92384 12.4 m β- /2.442 1.2/ (3/2+) Pm k x-ray
0.1168
0.2557
1.1806
(0.10–1.9)m
Nd
152
151.9247 11.4 m β- /1.1 0+ 0.2785/29.
0.2501/18.
(0.016–0.66)
Nd
153
152.92772 28.9 s β- /3.6 0.418
Nd
154
153.929 25.9 s β- /2.8 0+ 0.1519
0.7998
155
Nd 154.9331 8.9 s β- /5.0 0.1807
156
Nd 155.935 5.5 s β- /4.1 0+ 0.0848
157
Nd 156.9394 > 0.3 μs
158
Nd 157.942 > 0.3 μs 0+
159
Nd 158.947 > 0.3 µs
160
Nd 159.949 > 0.3 µs 0+
161
Nd 160.954
61Pm
128
Pm 127.949 1.0 s β+, p ann.rad.
129
Pm 128.943 ~ 2.4 s
130
Pm 129.941 2.5 s β+, EC/11. 0.1589
0.326–1.062
Pm
131
130.936 ~ 6.3 s β+ 0.185
0.220
0.146
Pm
132
131.934 6. s β+, EC/10. ann.rad./
(0.213–1.491)
133
Pm 132.9298 12. s β+, EC/~ 7.0 ann.rad./
134m
Pm 20. µs 0.071
134
Pm 133.9284 24. s β+, EC/~ 8.9 (5+) ann.rad./
0.294/100
(0.300–1.821)
Pm
135
134.9248 0.8 m β+, EC/6.0 11/2- (0.13–0.47)
Pm
136
135.9236 1.8 m β+ /89 /7.9 (3+) ann.rad./
EC/11 / Nd k x-ray
0.3735
0.6027
Pm
137
136.9205 2.4 m β+, EC/5.6 (11/2-) ann.rad./
0.1086


0.1775
138m
Pm 3.2 m β+ /50 /~ 7.0 3.9/ 3+ 3. ann.rad./
EC/50 / Nd k x-ray
0.5209
0.7290
138
Pm 137.9195 10. s β+ /6.9 6.1/ 1+ ann.rad./
139m
Pm 0.18 s IT/ (11/2-) 0.1887
Nuclear
139
Pm 138.9168 4.14 m β+ /68 /4.52 3.52/ (5/2+) ann.rad./
EC/32 / Nd k x-ray
0.4028
(0.27–2.4)
140m
Pm 5.87 m β+ /70 / 3.2 7/2- ann.rad./
EC/30 / Nd k x-ray
0.4199
0.7738
1.0283
Pm
140
139.9160 9.2 s β+ /89 /6.09 5.07/74 1+ ann.rad./
EC/11 / Nd k x-ray
0.7738
1.4898
Pm
141
140.9136 20.9 m β+ /52 /3.72 2.71 5/2+ ann.rad./
EC/48 / Nd k x-ray
0.8862
1.2233
Pm
142m
67 μs (0.208–0.882)
Pm
142
141.9129 40.5 s β+ /86 /4.87 3.8/ 1+ ann.rad./
EC/20 / Nd k x-ray
0.6414
1.5758
Pm
143
142.91094 265. d EC/1.041 5/2+ 3.8 Nd k x-ray
β+ /< 6 × 10-6/ 0.7420
Pm
144
143.91260 360. d EC/2.332 5- 1.7 Nd k x-ray
β+ /7 × 10-6/ 0.6180
0.6965
Pm
145
144.91276 17.7 a EC/0.163 5/2+ +3.8 +0.2 Nd k x-ray
0.0723
Pm
146
145.91470 5.53 a EC/63 /1.472 3- Nd k x-ray
β- /37 /1.542 0.795/ 0.4538
0.7362
0.7474
Pm
147
146.91515 2.623 a β- /0.224 0.224/ 7/2+ +2.6 +0.6 0.1213
0.1974
148m
Pm 41.3 d β- /95 /2.6 0.4/60 6- 1.8 0.5503/94.
I.T./5 /0.137 0.5/17 0.6300/89.
0.7/21 0.7257/33
Pm
148
147.91748 5.37 d β- /2.47 1.02/ 1- +2.0 ~ +0.2 0.5503
2.47/ 0.9149
1.4651
Pm
149
148.91834 2.212 d β- /1.071 0.78/9 7/2+ 3.3 0.2859
1.072/90 0.5909
0.8594
Pm
150
149.9210 2.68 h β- /3.45 1.6/ (1-) 0.3339/69.
2.3/ 1.1658/16.
1.8/ 1.3245/17.
(0.25–2.9)


151
Pm 150.92122 1.183 d β- /1.187 0.84/ 5/2+ +1.8 1.9 0.1677/8
0.2751/7
0.3401/22
152m2
Pm 15. m β-, I.T./ (>6) (0.14–1.4)
152m1
Pm 7.5 m β- / (4-) 0.1218
0.2447
0.3404
Nuclear
1.0971
1.4375
Pm
152
151.9235 4.1 m β- /3.5 3.5/20 1+ 0.1218
3.50/60 (0.12–2.1)
Pm
153
152.9242 5.4 m β- /1.90 1.7/ (5/2-) 0.0910
0.1198
0.1273
154m
Pm 2.7 m β- / 2.0/ 0.0820
0.1848
1.4403
Pm
154
153.9265 1.7 m β- /4.1 1.9/ 0.0820
0.8396
1.3940
2.0589
(0.08–2.8)
155
Pm 154.92814 48. s β- /3.2 (5/2-) (0.05–0.78)
156
Pm 155.93112 26.7 s β- /5.16
157
Pm 156.93312 10.9 s β- /4.6
158
Pm 157.9366 5. s β- /6.3
159
Pm 158.9393 1.5 s (0.072–0.261)
160
Pm 159.943 > 0.3 µs
161
Pm 160.946 > 0.3 µs
162
Pm 161.950 > 0.3 µs
163
Pm 162.954 > 0.3 µs
62Sm 150.36(2)
129
Sm 128.955 ~ 0.55 s β+, p
130
Sm 129.949 0+
131
Sm 130.946 1.2 s β+, EC/ ann.rad./
132
Sm 131.941 4.0 s β+ 0+
133
Sm 132.939 2.9 s β+, EC/~ 8.4 5/2+ ann.rad./
0.3696
0.0845
134
Sm 133.934 11. s β+, EC/5. 0+ ann.rad./
135
Sm 134.933 10. s β+, EC/7. 7/2+ ann.rad./
136m
Sm 15. µs (8-) 0.466
136
Sm 135.9283 42. s β+, EC/4.5 0+ ann.rad./
137
Sm 136.9270 45. s β+, EC/6.1 ann.rad./
138
Sm 137.9232 3.0 m β+, EC/3.9 0+ ann.rad./
0.0536
0.0747
139m
Sm 10. s I.T./94 /0.457 (11/2-) 1.1 Sm k x-ray
β+ /6 / 4.7 0.1118
0.1553
0.1901
0.2673
Sm
139
138.9223 2.6 m β+ /75 /5.5 4.1/ ½+ –0.53 Pm k x-ray
EC/25 / 0.3678
0.4028


(0.27–2.4)
Sm
140
139.9190 14.8 m β+, EC/3.4 1.9/ 0+ ann.rad./
Pm k x-ray
0.1396
0.2255
(0.07–1.7)
141m
Sm 22.6 m β+ /32 / 1.6/ 11/2- –0.84 +1.6 ann.rad./
Nuclear
EC/68 / 2.19/ Pm k x-ray

I.T./0.3 /0.1758 0.1966
0.4318
0.7774
Sm
141
140.91848 10.2 m β+ /52 /4.54 3.2/ ½+ –0.74 ann.rad./
EC/48 / Pm k x-ray
0.4382
Sm
142
141.91520 1.208 h β+ /6 /2.10 1.0/ 0+ ann.rad./
EC/94 / Pm k x-ray
143m
Sm 1.10 m IT/99/0.7540 11/2- Sm k x-ray
0.7540
Sm
143
142.91464 8.83 m β+ /46 /3.443 2.47/ 3/2+ +1.01 +0.4 ann.rad./
EC/54 / Pm k x-ray
1.0565
Sm
144
3.07(7) 143.91201 0+
Sm
145
144.91342 340. d EC/0.617 7/2- –1.12 –0.6 Pm k x-ray
0.0613
0.4924
146
Sm 145.91305 ~ 68. × 108 a α/ 2.50/ 0+
147
Sm 14.99(18) 146.91490 1.06 × 1011 a α/ 2.23/ 7/2- –0.815 –0.26
148
Sm 11.24(10) 147.91483 7 × 1015 a α/ 1.96/ 0+
149
Sm 13.82(7) 148.91719 1016 a α/ 7/2- –0.672 +0.075
150
Sm 7.38(1) 149.91728 0+
151
Sm 150.91994 96. a β- /0.0768 0.076/ 5/2- –0.363 +0.7 0.02154
152
Sm 26.75(16) 151.91974 0+
153
Sm 152.92210 1.930 d β- /0.808 0.64/ 3/2+ –0.0216 +1.3 Eu k x-ray
0.69/ 0.0697/4.7
0.10318/28
0.075–0.714
Sm
154
22.75(29) 153.92222 0+
Sm
155
154.92465 22.2 m β- /1.627 1.52 3/2- 1.1 Eu k x-ray
0.1043/75.
Sm
156
155.9255 9.4 h β- /0.72 0.43/ 0+ 0.0872
0.71/ 0.1657
0.2038
Sm
157
156.92842 8.0 m β- /2.7 2.4/ 3/2- Eu k x-ray
0.1964
0.1978
0.3942
Sm
158
157.92995 5.5 m β- /2.0 0+ 0.1894/100.
0.3636/82.
159
Sm 158.93322 11.3 s β- /3.8 0.1898
160
Sm 159.93534 9.6 s β- /3.6 0+ 0.110
161
Sm 160.93916 ~ 4.8 s 0.264
162
Sm 161.941 2.4 s 0+ (0.036–0.741)
163
Sm 162.946 > 0.3 µs
164
Sm 163.948 > 0.3 µs 0+
165
Sm 164.953 > 0.3 µs


63Eu 151.964(1)
130
Eu 129.964 0.9 ms p 1.027/
131
Eu 130.958 ~ 26. ms β+, p p/0.95
132
Eu 131.955
133
Eu 132.949
134
Eu 133.946 0.5 s EC, β+ ann.rad./
135
Eu 134.942 1.5 s EC, β+ /~ 8.7 ann.rad./
Nuclear
136m
Eu ~ 3.2 s 7+ 0.255
136
Eu 135.940 ~ 3.9 s EC, β+ /10. 1+ ann.rad./
137
Eu 136.935 11. s EC/~ 7.5 11/2- ann.rad./
138
Eu 137.9337 12. s EC, β+ /~ 9.2 7+ 5 ann.rad./
139m
Eu 10. µs 0.026
139
Eu 138.9298 18. s EC, β+ /6.7 6 ann.rad./
140m
Eu 0.125 s EC, β+ ann.rad./
140
Eu 139.9281 1.51 s EC, β+ /8.4 1- +1.37 +0.31 ann.rad./
141m
Eu 3.0 s β+ /58 / 11/2- ann.rad./
EC/9 / Eu k x-ray
I.T./33 /0.0964 (0.09–1.6)
Eu
141
140.9249 40. s β+ /81 /5.6 5/2+ +3.49 +0.85 ann.rad./
EC/15 / Sm k x-ray
0.3845
0.3940
142m
Eu 1.22 m β+ /83 / 4.8/ 8- +2.98 +1.4 ann.rad./
EC/17 / Sm k x-ray
0.5566
0.7680
1.0233
Eu
142
141.9234 2.4 s β- /94/7.4 7.0/ 1+ +1.54 +0.12 ann.rad./
EC/6 / 0.7680
Eu
143
142.9203 2.62 m β+ /72/5.17 4.1/ 5/2+ +3.67 +0.51 ann.rad./
EC/28/ 5.1/ Sm k x-ray
0.1107/7
1.5368/3.
1.9127/2.
Eu
144
143.9188 10.2 s β+ /86 /6.33 5.31/ 1+ +1.89 +0.10 ann.rad./
EC/13 / Sm k x-ray
1.6601
Eu
145
144.91627 5.93 d β+ /2 /2.660 0.79/ 5/2+ +4.00 +0.29 ann.rad./
EC/98 /1.71 Sm k x-ray
0.6535
0.8937
1.6587
Eu
146
145.91721 4.57 d β+ /5 /3.88 1.47/ 4- +1.42 –0.18 ann.rad./
EC/95 / Sm k x-ray
0.6336
0.6341
0.7470
(0.27–2.64)
Eu
147
146.91675 24.4 d EC/99. /1.722 5/2+ +3.73 +0.53 Sm k x-ray
β+ /0.4 / 0.12113/20.6
0.19725/24.0
(0.601–1.077)
Eu
148
147.9181 54.5 d EC/3.11 0.92 5- +2.34 +0.35 Sm k x-ray
0.5503/99.
0.6299/71.


(0.067–2.17)
Eu
149
148.91794 93.1 d EC/0.692 5/2+ +3.57 +0.75 Sm k x-ray
0.2770/4.1
0.3275/4.8
Eu
150
149.91971 36. a EC/2.26 5- +2.71 +1.13 Sm k x-ray
0.3340
0.4394
Nuclear
0.5843
(0.25–1.8)
150m
Eu 12.8 h β- /92 / 1.013/ 0- Sm k x-ray
β+ /0.4 / 1.24/ 0.3339
EC/8 / 0.4065
Eu
151
47.81(6) 150.91986 ~ 5.x1018 a α 5/2+ +3.472 +0.90
Eu
152m2
1.60 h I.T./0.1478 8- Eu k x-ray
0.0898
152m1
Eu 9.30 h β- /72 / 1.85/ 0- Sm k x-ray
EC/28 / 0.89/ 0.12178
0.84153
0.96334
Eu
152
151.92175 13.5 a EC/72 /1.874 0.69/ 3- –1.941 +2.71 Sm k x-ray
β- /28 /1.818 1.47/ Gd k x-ray
0.12178
0.34427
1.40802
(0.252–1.528)
Eu
153
52.19(6) 152.92124 > 5.5 × 1017 a α 5/2+ +1.533 +2.41
Eu
154m
46.1 m I.T./~ 0.16 8- Eu k x-ray
0.0682
0.1009
Eu
154
153.92299 8.59 a β- /99.9/1.969 0.27/29 3- -2.01 +2.8 Gd k x-ray
EC/0.02/0.717 0.58/38 0.12299/40.
0.84/17 0.72331/20.
0.98/4 1.2745/36
1.87/11 (0.059–1.90)
Eu
155
154.92290 4.76 a β- /0.252 0.15/ 5/2+ +1.520 +2.50 Gd k x-ray
0.0865/30
0.1053/20
Eu
156
155.92476 15.2 d β- /2.451 0.30/11 0+ ≈1.1 0.08899/9.
0.49/30 0.64623/7.
1.2/12 0.723441/6.
2.45/31 0.8118/10.
Eu
157
156.92543 15.13 h β- /1.36 0.98/ 5/2+ +1.50 +2.6 Gd k x-ray
1.30/41 0.0639/100.
0.3705/48.
0.4107/76.
Eu
158
157.9278 45.9 m β- /3.5 2.5/ (1-) +1.44 +0.7 0.0795
0.8976
0.9442
0.9771
Eu
159
158.92910 18.1 m β- /2.51 2.4/ 5/2+ +1.38 +2.7 0.0678
2.57/ 0.0786
0.0957
Eu
160
159.9319 38. s β- /4.1 2.7/ (0-) 0.0753
4.1/ 0.1735
0.4131


0.5155
0.8217
0.9110
0.9246
161
Eu 160.9337 27. s β- /3.7 0.0719
162
Eu 161.9370 11. s β- /5.6
163
Eu 162.9392 7.7 s
Nuclear
164
Eu 163.943 4.2 s
165
Eu 164.946 2.7 s
166
Eu 165.950 1.7 s
167
Eu 166.953 > 0.3 µs
168
Eu > 0.3 µs
64Gd 157.25(3)
135
Gd 134.952 1.1 s β+ (0.163–0.360)
136
Gd 135.947 > 0.2 µs 0+
137
Gd 136.945 7. s EC, β+ /~ 8.8 ann.rad./
138m
Gd 6.2 µs 0.583
138
Gd 137.940 ~ 4.7 s EC, β+ 0+ 0.0647
139m
Gd ~ 4.8 s 0.1216
139
Gd 138.938 5. s EC, β+ /~ 7.7 0.104–0.323
140
Gd 139.9337 16. s EC/4.8 0+ 0.1748
141m
Gd 25. s EC, β+ / 11/2- ann.rad./
141
Gd 140.9321 21. s β+ /7.3 ½+ ann.rad./
142
Gd 141.9281 1.17 m EC, β+ /4.2 0+ ann.rad./
143m
Gd 1.84 m β+ /67 / 11/2- ann.rad./
EC/33 / Eu k x-ray
I.T./ 0.1176
0.2719
0.5880
0.6681
0.7999
Gd
143
142.927 39. s β+ /82 /6.0 1/2+ ann.rad./
EC/18 / Eu k x-ray
0.2048
0.2588
Gd
144
143.9230 4.5 m β+ /45 /4.3 3.3/ 0+ ann.rad./
EC/55 / Eu k x-ray
0.3332
145m
Gd 1.44 m I.T./95 /0.749 11/2- –1.0 0.0273
β+ /4 /5.7 0.3295
0.3866
0.7214
Gd
145
144.9217 23.4 m β+ /33 /5.05 2.5/ 1/2+ –0.74 ann.rad./
EC/67 / Eu k x-ray
1.7579
1.8806
(0.32–3.69)
Gd
146
145.91832 48.3 d EC/99.9 /1.03 0.35/ 0+ Eu k x-ray
β+ /0.2 0.1147
0.1155
0.1546
Gd
147
146.91910 1.588 d EC/99.8 /2.188 0.93/ 7/2- 1.0 Eu k x-ray
EC/0.2 / 0.2293
0.3699
0.3960


0.9289
(0.1–1.8)
Gd
148
147.91812 71. a α/3.27 3.1828/ 0+
Gd
149
148.91935 9.3 d EC/1.32 7/2- 0.9 Eu k x-ray
0.1496
0.2985
0.3465
Nuclear
Gd
150
149.91866 1.8 × 106 a α/2.80 2.73/ 0+
Gd
151
150.92036 124. d EC/0.464 7/2- 0.8 Eu k x-ray
0.1536
0.2432
Gd
152
0.20(1) 151.91980 0+
Gd
153
152.92176 240. d EC/0.485 3/2- 0.4 Eu k x-ray
0.09743
0.10318
154
Gd 2.18(3) 153.92087 0+
155
Gd 14.80(12) 154.92263 3/2- –0.258 +1.30
156
Gd 20.47(9) 155.92213 0+
157
Gd 15.65(2) 156.92397 3/2- –0.340 +1.36
158
Gd 24.84(7) 157.92411 0+
159
Gd 158.92640 18.6 h β–0.971 0.971/58 3/2- –0.44 Tb k x-ray
0.913/29 0.36351
0.607/12 0.058–0.855
Gd
160
21.86(19) 159.92706 > 1.9 × 1019 a β-β- 0+
Gd
161
160.92968 3.66 m β- /1.956 1.56/85 5/2- Tb k x-ray
0.1023
0.3149
0.3609
Gd
162
161.93099 8.4 m β- /1.39 1.0/ 0+ 0.4030
0.4421
Gd
163
162.9342 1.13 m β- /3.1 0.2868
0.214
1.685
164
Gd 163.936 45. s β- /2.3 0+
165
Gd 164.939 10 s β-
166
Gd 165.942 ~ 4.8 s 0+ (0.040–1.015)
167
Gd 166.945 > 0.3 µs
168
Gd 167.948 > 0.3 µs 0+
169
Gd 168.953 > 0.3 µs
170
Gd > 0.3 µs
65Tb 158.92535(2)
135
Tb 134.965 1.0 ms p p/1.179
138
Tb 137.953 > 0.2 µs
139
Tb 138.948 1.6 s 0.109
0.120
Tb
140
139.946 2.4 s β+, EC/11 0.329
0.355–0.740
141
Tb 140.941 3.5 s β+, EC/~ 8.3
142m2
Tb 25. μs (8+) 0.037
142m
Tb 0.30 s β+, EC/ 4- 0.0682
142
Tb 141.939 0.60 s β+, EC/10. 0+
143
Tb 142.9351 12. s β+, EC/7.4 11/2-
144m
Tb 4.1 s IT 5-
144
Tb 143.9331 < 1.5 s β+, EC/8.4 1+
145m
Tb 30. s β+, EC/~ 6.6 11/2- ann.rad./


0.2577
0.5370
0.9876
145
Tb 144.929 β+, EC/6.5 ½+
146m2
Tb 1.2 ms (0.157–0.417)
146m
Tb 23. s β+ /76 / (5-) ann.rad./
EC/24 / Gd k x-ray
Nuclear
1.0789
1.5795
Tb
146
145.9273 ~ 8. s β+ /8.1 1+
Tb
147m
1.8 m β+ /35 / 11/2- ann.rad./
EC/65 / Gd k x-ray
1.3977
1.7978
Tb
147
146.9241 1.6 h β+ /42 /4.61 5/2+ +1.70 ann.rad./
EC/58 / Gd k x-ray
0.6944
1.1522
(0.120–3.318)
148m
Tb 2.3 m β+ /25 / 9+ ann.rad./
EC/75 / Gd k x-ray
0.3945
0.6319
0.7845
0.8824
Tb
148
147.9243 1.00 h β+, EC/5.69 2- –1.75 –0.3 ann.rad./
Gd k x-ray
0.4888
0.7845
(0.14–3.8)
149m
Tb 4.16 m EC/88 / 11/2- ann.rad./
β+ /12 / Gd k x-ray
0.1650
0.7960
Tb
149
148.92325 4.13 h β+ /4 /3.636 1.8/ ½+ +1.35 Gd k x-ray
α/16/ 3.97/ 0.1650
0.3522
0.3886
(0.1–3.2)
150m
Tb 6.0 m β+ /17 / ann.rad./
EC/83 / Gd k x-ray
0.4384
0.6380
0.6504
0.8275
Tb
150
149.9237 3.3 h β+, EC/4.66 2- –0.90 ann.rad./
0.4963
0.6380
(0.3–4.29)
151m
Tb 25. s I.T./95 / 11/2- 0.0229
β+, EC/7 / 0.0495
0.3797
0.8305
Tb
151
150.92311 17.61 h β+ /1 /2.565 0.70/ 1/2(+) +0.92 Gd k x-ray
EC/99 / 0.1083


0.2517
0.2870
(0.1–1.8)
152m
Tb 4.3 m I.T./79 /0.5018 (8+) Tb k x-ray
EC/21 /4.35 Gd k x-ray
0.2833
0.3443
Nuclear
0.4111
Tb
152
151.9241 17.5 h β+ /20 /3.99 2.5/ 2- –0.58 +0.3 ann.rad./
EC/80 / 2.8/ Gd k x-ray
0.3443
(0.2–2.88)
Tb
153
152.92344 2.34 d EC/1.570 5/2+ +3.44 +1.1 Gd k x-ray
0.2119
(0.05–1.1)
154m2
Tb 23.1 h EC/98 / (7-) 0.9 Gd k x-ray
I.T./2 / 0.1231
0.2479
0.3467
1.4199
154m1
Tb 10.0 h β+ /78 / (3-) +1.7 +3. Gd k x-ray
I.T./22 / 0.1231
0.2479
0.5401
(0.12–2.57)
Tb
154
153.9247 21.5 h EC/99 /3.56 1.86/ 0- Gd k x-ray
β+ /1 / 2.45 0.1231
1.2744
2.1872
(0.12–3.14)
Tb
155
154.9235 5.3 d EC/0.82 3/2+ +2.01 +1.41 Gd k x-ray
0.08654
0.10530
156m2
Tb 1.02 d I.T./ (7-) Tb k x-ray
0.0496
156m1
Tb 5.3 h I.T./0.0884 (0+) Tb k x-ray
0.0884
Tb
156
155.92476 5.3 d EC/2.444 3- ~ 1.7 +2. Gd k x-ray
0.08896
0.19921
0.53435
1.22245
Tb
157
156.92403 1.1 × 102 a EC/0.0601 3/2+ +2.01 +1.4 Gd k x-ray
0.0545
158m
Tb 10.5 s I.T./0.11 0- Gd k x-ray
0.0110
Tb
158
157.92542 1.8 × 102 a EC/80 /1.220 3- +1.76 +2.7 Gd k x-ray
β- /20 /0.937 0.0795
0.9442
0.9621
Tb
159
100. 158.92535 3/2+ +2.014 +1.43
Tb
160
159.92716 72.3 d β- /1.835 0.57/47 3- +1.79 3.8 Dy k x-ray
0.86/27 0.08678
0.29857
0.87936


0.96615
Tb
161
160.92758 6.91 d β- /0.593 0.46/23 3/2+ 2.2 +1.2 Dy k x-ray
0.52/66 0.02565
0.6/10 0.04892
0.07458
Tb
162
161.9295 7.6 m β- /2.51 1.4 (1/2-) Dy k x-ray
0.2600
Nuclear
0.8075
0.8882
Tb
163
162.93066 19.5 m β- /1.785 0.80/ 3/2+ Dy k x-ray
0.3511
0.3897
0.4945
Tb
164
163.933 3.0 m β- /3.9 1.7/ (5+) Dy k x-ray
0.1689
0.2157
0.6110
0.6885
0.7548
Tb
165
164.935 2.1 m β- /3.0 3/2+ 0.5389
1.1785
1.2920
1.6648
Tb
166
165.9379 26 s β- /
Tb
167
166.940 19 s 0.057
0.070
168
Tb 167.943 8s (0.075–0.227)
169
Tb 168.946 > 0.3 µs
170
Tb 169.950 > 0.3 µs
171
Tb 170.953 > 0.3 µs
172
Tb > 0.3 µs
66Dy 162.500(1)
139
Dy 138.960 0.6 s β+, p
140m
Dy 6. µs 0.574
140
Dy 139.954 0+
141
Dy 140.951 0.9 s EC, β+ /9.
142
Dy 141.946 2.3 s EC, β+ /7.1 0+
143
Dy 142.9440 3.9 s EC, β+ /~ 8.8
144
Dy 143.93927 9.1 s EC, β+ /~ 6.2 0+
145m
Dy 144.9365 14. s EC, β+ 11/2-
146m
Dy 0.15 s I.T. 10+
146
Dy 145.93285 30. s EC, β+ /5.2 0+
147m
Dy 56. s I.T./40 / (11/2-) –0.66 +0.7 Dy k x-ray
β+, EC/60 / 0.072
0.6787
Dy
147
146.9311 75. s EC, β+ /6.37 ½+ –0.92 ann.rad./
0.1007
0.2534
0.3653
Dy
148
147.9272 3.1 m β+ /4 /2.68 1.2/ 0+ ann.rad./
EC/96 / Tb k x-ray
0.6202
Dy
149
148.9273 4.2 m β+, EC/3.81 (7/2-) –0.12 –0.62 ann.rad./
0.1008
0.1063


0.2534
0.6536
0.7894
1.7765
1.8062
Dy
150
149.92559 7.18 m β+, EC/67 /1.79 0+ Tb k x-ray
α/33 / 4.233/ 0.3967
Nuclear
Dy
151
150.92619 17. m β+ /5 /2.871 7/2(-) –0.95 –0.30 Tb k x-ray
EC/89 / 0.1764
α /6 / 4.067/ 0.3030
0.3861
0.5463
(0.16–2.09)
Dy
152
151.92473 2.37 h EC/0.60 0+ Tb k x-ray
α/ 3.63/ 0.2569
Dy
153
152.92577 6.3 h β+ /1 /2.171 0.89/ 7/2(-) –0.78 ~–0.15 Tb k x-ray
EC/99 / 0.0807
α /0.01 / 3.46/ 0.0997
0.2137
(0.08–1.66)
Dy
154
153.92443 3. × 106 a α/2.95 2.87/ 0+
Dy
155
154.9258 9.9 h β+ /2 /2.095 0.845/ 3/2- –0.385 +1.04 Tb k x-ray
EC/98 / 0.0655
0.2269
Dy
156
0.056(3) 155.92428 > 6.1 × 1014 a EC-EC 0+
Dy
157
156.92547 8.1 h EC/1.34 3/2- –0.301 +1.30 Tb k x-ray
(0.061–1.319)
Dy
158
0.095(3) 157.92442 > 1. × 1015 a EC-EC 0+
Dy
159
158.92575 144. d EC/0.366 3/2- –0.354 +1.37 Tb k x-ray
0.3262
160
Dy 2.329(18) 159.92520 0+
161
Dy 18.889(42) 160.92694 5/2+ –0.480 +2.51
162
Dy 25.475(36) 161.92681 0+
163
Dy 24.896(42) 162.92874 5/2- +0.673 +2.65
164
Dy 28.260(54) 163.92918 0+
165m
Dy 1.26 m I.T./98 /0.108 1/2- Dy k x-ray
β- /2 / 0.1082
0.5155
Dy
165
164.93171 2.33 h β- /1.286 1.29/ 7/2+ –0.52 –3.5 Ho k x-ray
0.09468/3.8
Dy
166
165.93281 3.400 d β- /0.486 0.40/ 0+ Ho k x-ray
0.0282
0.0825
Dy
167
166.9357 6.2 m β- /~ 2.35 1.78 (1/2-) Ho k x-ray
0.2593
0.3103
0.5697
(0.06–1.4)
Dy
168
167.937 8.5 m β- /1.6 0+ Ho k x-ray
0.1925
0.4867
169
Dy 168.940 ~ 39. s β- /3.2
170
Dy 169.942 > 0.3 µs 0+
171
Dy 170.946 > 0.3 µs
172
Dy 171.948 > 0.3 µs 0+


173
Dy 172.953 > 0.3 µs
174
Dy > 0.3 µs
67Ho 164.93033(2)
140
Ho 139.969 6 ms p/ p/1.09
141m
Ho 8 μs p/ p/1.23
141
Ho 140.963 4.1 ms β+, p p/1.17/99.3
p/0.97/0.7
Nuclear
142
Ho 141.960 0.4 s EC/β+, p 0.307
143
Ho 142.955 > 0.2 μs
144
Ho 143.9521 0.7 s β+, EC/12
145
Ho 144.94727 2.4 s β+
146
Ho 145.94499 3.3 s β+, EC/10.7 (10+) ann.rad./
147
Ho 146.94014 5.8 s β+, EC/8.2 11/2- ann.rad./
148m2
Ho 2.6 µs (0.033–0.373)
148m
Ho 9.6 s β+, EC/ 4- ann.rad./
148
Ho 147.9377 2. s β+, EC/9.4 1+ ann.rad./
0.6615
1.6883
149m
Ho 21. s β+, EC/ 11/2- ann.rad./
1.0733
1.0911
Ho
149
148.9338 > 30. s β+, EC/6.01 1/2+
Ho
150m
25. s β+, EC/ (9+) ann.rad./
0.3939
0.5511
0.6534
0.8034
Ho
150
149.9335 1.3 m β+, EC/6.6 ann.rad./
0.5913
0.6534
0.8034
151m
Ho 47. s β+, EC/87 / (1/2+) ann.rad./
α/13 4.605/ 0.2102
0.4889
0.6948
0.7762
Ho
151
150.9317 35.2 s β+, EC/80/5.13 (11/2-) ann.rad./
α/20 / 4.519/ 0.3522
0.5274
0.9676
1.0471
152m
Ho 50. s β+, EC/90/ 9+ +5.9 –1.3 ann.rad./
α/10/ 4.453/ 0.4929
0.6138
0.6474
0.6835
Ho
152
151.9317 2.4 m β+, EC/88/6.47 (3+) –1.02 ~ +0.1 ann.rad./
α/12/ 4.387/ 0.6140
0.6476
153m
Ho 9.3 m β+, 5/2 +1.19 ann.rad./
EC/99+/4.12
α/ 4.01/ 0.0905
0.1089
0.1618
0.2302
0.2707


0.3659
0.4565
Ho
153
152.93020 2.0 m β+, 11/2- +6.8 –1.1 ann.rad./
EC/99+/4.13
α/ 3.91/ 0.2958
0.3346
0.4381
Nuclear
0.6383
154m
Ho 3.3 m β+, EC/ 8+ 5.7 –1.0 ann.rad./
0.3346
0.4124
0.4771
Ho
154
153.9306 12. m β+, EC/5.75 2- –0.64 +0.2 ann.rad./
Dy k x-ray
0.3346
0.5700
0.8734
Ho
155
154.9291 48. m β+ /6/3.10 5/2+ +3.51 +1.5 ann.rad./
EC/94 / Dy k x-ray
0.0474
0.1363
0.3254
(0.06–2.24)
156m
Ho 5.8 m I.T./0.0352 +2.99 +2.3 ann.rad./
β+ /25 / 1.8/ Dy k x-ray
EC/75 / 2.9/ 0.1378
0.2666
(0.28–2.9)
Ho
156
155.9298 56. m β+, EC/4.4 4- ann.rad./
0.1378
0.2665
Ho
157
156.9283 12.6 m β+ /5/2.54 1.18/ 7/2- +4.35 +3.0 ann.rad./
EC/95/ Dy k x-ray
0.2800
0.3411
158m2
Ho 28. m I.T./44/ 2- +2.44 +1.6 ann.rad./
EC/56/ Dy k x-ray
0.0989
0.2182
158m1
Ho 21. m β+, EC/ (9+) ann.rad./
0.0981
0.1664
0.2182
0.3205
0.4062
0.9774
1.0532
0.4846
Ho
158
157.9289 11.3 m β+ /8/4.24 1.30/ 5+ +3.77 +4.1 ann.rad./
EC/92/ Dy k x-ray
0.0989
0.2182
0.9488
159m
Ho 8.3 s IT/0.206 1/2+ Ho k x-ray
0.1660
0.2059


159
Ho 158.92772 33.0 m EC/1.838 7/2- +4.28 +3.2 Dy k x-ray
0.1210
0.1320
0.2529
0.3096
(0.06–1.2)
160m2
Ho 3. s 1+
Nuclear
160m
Ho 5.0 h IT/67/0.060 2- +2.52 +1.8 0.0868
EC/33/3.35 0.1970
0.6464
0.7281
0.8791
0.9619
0.9658
Ho
160
159.9287 25.6 m β+, EC/3.29 0.57/ 5+ +3.71 +4.0 See Ho[166m]
0.7282
0.8794
161m
Ho 6.8 s IT/0.211 Ho k x-ray
0.2112
Ho
161
160.92786 2.48 h EC/0.859 7/2- +4.25 +3.2 Dy k x-ray
0.0256
0.0592
0.0774
0.1031
162m
Ho 1.12 h IT/61/ 6- +3.60 +4. Dy k x-ray
EC/39/ Ho k x-ray
0.0807
0.1850
0.2828
0.9372
1.2200
Ho
162
161.92910 15. m EC/96 /0.295 1+ Dy k x-ray
β+ /4 / 0.0807
1.3196
1.3728
163m
Ho 1.09 s I.T./0.298 (1/2+) Ho k x-ray
0.2798
Ho
163
162.92874 4.57 × 103 a EC/0.00258 7/2- +4.23 +3.6 Dy M x-rays
Ho
164m
36.4 m I.T./0.140 6- Ho k ×-ray
0.0373
0.0566
0.0940
Ho
164
163.93024 29. m EC/58 /0.987 1+ Dy k ×-ray
β- /42 /0.963 0.0734
0.0914
165m
Ho 1.5 µs (3/2+) +2.9
165
Ho 100. 164.93033 7/2- +4.17 +3.6
166m
Ho 1.13 × 103 a β- / 7- 3.6 ~ –3. Er k ×-ray
0.18407
0.71169
0.81031
Ho
166
165.93229 1.117 d β- /1.855 1.776/48 0- Er k ×-ray
1.855/51 0.08057
1.37943
Ho
167
166.93314 3.1 h β- /1.007 0.31/43 (7/2-) Er k ×-ray


0.61/21 0.0793
0.96/15 0.0835
0.97/15 0.2379
0.3213
0.3465
Ho
168m
2.2 m I.T./
Ho
168
167.9355 3.0 m β- /2.91 2.0/ 3+ Er k ×-ray
Nuclear
0.7413
0.8159
0.8211
(0.08–2.34)
Ho
169
168.9369 4.7 m β- /2.12 1.2/ (7/2-)
2.0/ 0.1496
0.7610
0.7784
0.7884
0.8529
170m
Ho 43. s β- / 1+ 0.0787
0.8123
1.8940
1.9726
Ho
170
169.9396 2.8 m β- /3.87 6+ Er k ×-ray
0.1816
0.2582
0.8902
0.9321
0.9414
1.1387
Ho
171
170.941 53 s β- /
Ho
172
171.945 25. s β- / Er k ×-ray
(0.077–1.186)
173
Ho 172.947 > 0.3 µs
174
Ho 173.951 > 0.3 µs
175
Ho 174.954 > 0.3 µs
176
Ho > 0.3 µs
68Er 167.259(3)
144
Er 143.961 > 0.2 μs 0+
145m
Er 1.0 s 0.067
145
Er 144.958 0.9 s β+ 0.049
146
Er 145.95242 ~ 1.7 s β+ 0+
147m
Er 25. s 0.683
147
Er 146.9500 2.5 s E.C, β+ /~ 9.1
148
Er 147.9447 4.5 s β+, EC/6.8 0+
149m
Er 10. s IT 11/2-
149
Er 148.9423 10.7 s ECβ+ /8.1 ½+
150
Er 149.9379 18. s β+ /36 /4.11 0+ ann.rad./
EC/64 / Ho k x-ray
0.4758
Er
151
150.9374 23. s β+, EC/5.2 7/2- ann.rad./
Er
152
151.9351 10.2 s β+, EC/10/3.11 0+ ann.rad./
α/90/ 4.804/
Er
153
152.9351 37.1 s α/ 4.674 –0.934 –0.42 0.351
β+, EC/47/4.56 4.35/ (0.0945–1.70)
Er
154
153.93279 3.7 m β+, 0+ ann.rad./
EC/99+/2.03
α/0.5/ 4.166/


155
Er 154.93322 5.3 m β+, EC/47/3.84 (7/2-) –0.669 –0.27 ann.rad./
EC/53 / Ho k x-ray
0.1101
0.2415
Er
156
155.9311 20. m β+, EC/1.7 0+ ann.rad./
0.0298
0.0352
Nuclear
0.0522
0.1336
Er
157
156.9319 25. m β+, EC/3.5 3/2- –0.412 +0.92 ann.rad./
0.117
0.385
1.320
1.660
1.820
2.000
Er
158
157.9299 2.2 h EC/99.5 /1.78 0.74/ 0+ Ho k x-ray
β+ /0.5 / 0.0719
0.2486
0.3868
Er
159
158.93069 36. m β+ /7 /2.769 3/2- –0.304 +1.17 ann.rad./
EC/93 / Ho k x-ray
0.6245
0.6493
(0.07–2.5)
Er
160
159.9291 1.191 d EC/0.33 0+ Ho k x-ray
(0.05–0.96)
Er
161
160.9300 3.21 h EC/2.00 3/2- –0.37 +1.36 Ho k x-ray
0.8265
(0.07–1.74)
Er
162
0.139(5) 161.92879 0+
Er
163
162.93004 1.25 h EC/1.210 5/2- +0.557 +2.55 Ho k x-ray
0.4361
0.4399
1.1135
164
Er 1.601(3) 163.92921 0+
165
Er 164.93073 10.36 h EC/0.376 5/2- +0.643 +2.71 Ho k x-ray
166
Er 33.503(36) 165.9303 0+
167m
Er 2.27 s I.T./0.208 ½- Er k x-ray
0.2078
167
Er 22.869(9) 166.93205 7/2+ –0.5639 +3.57
168
Er 26.978(18) 167.93238 0+
169
Er 168.93460 9.40 d β- /0.351 0.35/~ 100 ½- +0.485 Tm k x-ray
0.1098
0.1182
Er
170
14.910(36) 169.93547 0+
Er
171
170.93804 7.52 h β- /1.491 5/2- 0.66 2.9 Tm k x-ray
0.11160
0.29591
0.30832
(0.08–1.4)
Er
172
171.93936 2.05 d β- /0.891 0.28/48 0+ Tm k x-ray
0.36/46 0.0597
0.4073
0.6101


173
Er 172.942 1.4 m β- /2.6 (7/2-) Tm k x-ray
0.1928
0.1992
0.8952
Er
174
173.944 3.1 m β- /1.8 0+ Tm k x-ray
(0.100–0.152)
175
Er 174.948 1.2 m β- (0.0765–1.17)
Nuclear
176
Er 175.950 > 0.3 µs 0+
177
Er 176.954 > 0.3 µs
178
Er > 0.3 µs
69Tm 168.93422(2)
144
Tm 143.976 ~ 1.9 μs p 1.70, 1.43
145
Tm 144.970 3.1 μs p// ~ 10 1.73/91
1.40/~9.6
146m
Tm 0.198 s β+, p p/1.12/99
p/0.89/~1
Tm
146
145.967 73 ms β+ /14. p/1.19/68
p p/1.01/~18
p/0.94/~14
Tm
147m
0.4 ms β+, p p/1.115
Tm
147
146.961 0.56 s EC, β+ /85 ~ 10.7
p/15/ 1.052/
148m
Tm 147.958 0.7 s β+, EC/12. ann.rad./
148
Tm
149
Tm 148.953 0.9 s β+, EC/~ 9.2 11/2-
150m
Tm 5.2 ms (0.017–0.340)
150
Tm 149.950 2.3 s β+, EC/~ 11.5 6- (0.101–2.177)
151
Tm 150.9455 4. s β+, EC/7.5 ann.rad./
152m
Tm 8. s β+, EC/ 9+
152
Tm 151.9444 5. s β+, EC/8.8 ann.rad./
153
Tm 152.9420 1.6 s β+,EC/10 /6.46 (11/2-) 6.9 ~ +0.5 ann.rad./
α/90 / 5.109/
154m
Tm 3.3 s β+, EC/15 / α/5.031/100 (9+) +5.9 ~ –0.2 ann.rad./
α/ 4.84/0.24 0.4605–0.796
Tm
154
153.9416 8.1 s β+, EC/56 /7.4 α/4.956/100 (2-) –1.14 ~ +0.4 ann.rad./
α/44 / 4.83/0.45
Tm
155
154.9392 30. s β+, EC/5.58 0.0315
α/ 4.46/ 0.0638
0.0881
0.2268
0.5320
0.6067
Tm
156m
19. s α/ 4.46/
Tm
156
155.9390 1.40 m β+, EC/7.6 2- +0.40 –0.5 ann.rad./
α/ 4.23/ 0.3446
0.4529
0.5860
Tm
157
156.9369 3.6 m β+, EC/4.5 2.6 ½+ +0.48 ann.rad./
α/ 3.97/ 0.1104
0.3484
0.3855
0.4550
(0.1–1.58)
Tm
158
157.9370 4.0 m β+, EC/74 /6.5 2- +0.04 +0.7 ann.rad./
EC/26 / Er k x-ray


0.1921
0.3351
0.6280
1.1498
(0.18–2.81)
Tm
159
158.9350 9.1 m β+ /23 /3.9 5/2+ +3.42 +1.9 ann.rad./
EC/77 / Er k x-ray
Nuclear
0.0591
0.0848
0.2713
(0.05–1.27)
Tm
160m
1.24 m IT (5)
Tm
160
159.9353 9.4 m β+ /15 /5.9 1- +0.16 +0.58 ann.rad./
EC/85 / Er k x-ray
0.1264
0.2642
0.7285
0.8544
0.8614
1.3685
Tm
161
160.9336 31. m β+, EC/3.2 7/2+ +2.40 +2.9 ann.rad./
Er k x-ray
0.0595
0.0844
1.6481
(0.04–2.15)
162m
Tm 24. s I.T./90 / 5+ Tm k x-ray
β+, EC/10 / Er k x-ray
0.0669
0.8115
0.9003
Tm
162
161.9340 21.7 m β+ /8 /4.81 1- +0.07 +0.69 ann.rad./
EC/92 / Er k x-ray
0.1020
0.7987
(0.1–3.75)
Tm
163
162.93266 1.81 h EC/98 /2.439 ½+ –0.082 Er k x-ray
β+ /1 / 0.0692
0.1043
0.2414
164m
Tm 5.1 m I.T./80 / 6- 0.0914
β+, EC/20 / 0.1394
0.2081
0.2405
0.3149
Tm
164
163.9335 2.0 m β+ /36 /3.96 2.94/ 1+ +2.38 +0.71 ann.rad./
EC/64 / Er k x-ray
0.0914
Tm
165
164.93244 1.253 d EC/1.593 ½+ –0.139 Er k x-ray
0.0472
0.0544
0.29728
0.80636
Tm
166
165.9336 7.70 h EC/98 /3.04 2+ +0.092 +2.14 Er k x-ray
β+ /2 / 0.0806


0.1844
0.7789
1.2734
2.0524
Tm
167
166.93286 9.24 d EC/0.748 ½+ –0.197 Er k x-ray
0.0571
0.20778
Nuclear
Tm
168
167.93418 93.1 d EC/1.679 3+ +0.23 +3.2 Er k x-ray
0.19825
0.4475
0.81595
Tm
169
100 168.93422 ½+ –0.231 –1.2
Tm
170
169.93581 128.6 d β- /99.8/0.968 0.883/24 1- +0.246 +0.74 Yb k x-ray
EC/0.2 /0.314 0.968/76 0.08425
Tm
171
170.93643 1.92 a β- /0.096 0.03/2 ½+ –0.228 0.06674
0.096/98
Tm
172
171.93841 2.65 d β- /1.88 1.79/36 2- Yb k x-ray
1.88/29 0.07879
1.38722
1.46601
1.52982
1.60861
Tm
173
172.93961 8.2 h β- /1.298 0.80/21 ½+ Yb k x-ray
0.86/71 0.3988
0.4613
Tm
174m
2.29 s
Tm
174
173.9422 5.4 m β- /3.08 0.70/14 (4-) Yb k x-ray
1.20/83 0.07664
0.17669
0.27332
0.3666
0.99205
(0.08–1.6)
Tm
175
174.9438 15.2 m β- /2.39 0.9/36 (1/2+) Yb k x-ray
1.9/23 0.36396
0.51487
0.94125
0.98247
Tm
176
175.947 1.9 m β- /4.2 2.0/ (4+) Yb k x-ray
1.2/ 0.1898
0.3819
1.0691
177
Tm 176.949 1.4 m β- (7/2-)
178
Tm 177.953 > 0.3 µs
179
Tm 178.955 > 0.3 µs
180
Tm > 0.3 µs
181
Tm > 0.3 µs
70Yb 173.054(5)
148
Yb 147.968 0+
149
Yb 148.964 0.7 s β+, p p/2.5–6.4/ 0.647
150
Yb 149.959 > 0.2 μs 0+
151
Yb 150.955 1.6 s β+ /8.5 (1/2+)
152
Yb 151.950 3.2 s β+, EC/5.5 0+
153
Yb 152.949 4. s β+, EC/6.7
154
Yb 153.9464 0.40 s β+, EC/7 /4.49 0+ ann.rad./


α/93 / 5.32/
Yb
155
154.9458 1.7 s β+, EC/16 /6.0 (7/2-) –0.91 –0.5 ann.rad./
α/84 / 5.19/
Yb
156
155.9428 26. s β+, EC/21/3.57 0+ ann.rad./
α/79 / 4.69/
Yb
157
156.9426 39. s β+, EC/99+/5.5 7/2- –0.64 ann.rad./
α/0.5/ 4.69/ 0.231
Nuclear
(0.035–0.670)
Yb
158
157.9399 1.5 m β+, EC/1.9 0+ ann.rad./
0.0741
0.2526
Yb
159
158.9401 1.4 m EC, β+ /5.1 5/2- –0.37 –0.22 Tm k x-ray
0.1661
0.1772
0.3297
0.3903
Yb
160
159.9376 4.8 m β+, EC/2.0 0+ ann.rad./
0.1404
0.1737
0.2158
Yb
161
160.9379 4.2 m β+, EC/3.9 3/2- –0.33 +1.03 ann.rad./
Tm k x-ray
0.0782
0.5999
0.6315
Yb
162
161.9358 18.9 m β+, EC/1.7 0+ ann.rad./
Tm k x-ray
0.1188
0.1635
Yb
163
162.9363 11.1 m β+ /26 /3.4 1.4/ 3/2- –0.37 +1.24 ann.rad./
Tm k x-ray
0.0636
0.8603
(0.06–1.9)
Yb
164
163.9345 1.26 h EC/1.0 0+ Tm k x-ray
0.0914
0.6752
Yb
165
164.9352 9.9 m β+ /10 /2.76 1.58/ 5/2- +0.48 +2.48 ann.rad./
EC/90 / Tm k x-ray
0.0801
1.0903
Yb
166
165.93388 2.363 d EC/0.30 0+ Tm k x-ray
0.0828
0.1844
0.7789
1.2734
2.0524
Yb
167
166.93495 17.5 m β+ /0.5 /1.954 0.639/ 5/2- +0.62 +2.70 Tm k x-ray
EC/99.5 / 0.06296
0.10616
0.11337
0.17633
Yb
168
0.123(3) 167.93389 0+
Yb
169m
46. s I.T./0.0242 1/2- +0.51 Yb L x-ray
0.0242


169
Yb 168.93518 32.02 d EC/0.909 7/2+ –0.63 +3.5 0.1979/35.9
0.3078/10.05
0.0207–0.261
170
Yb 2.982(39) 169.93477 0+
171
Yb 14.09(14) 170.93633 1/2- +0.49367
172
Yb 21.68(13) 171.93639 0+
173
Yb 16.103(63) 172.93822 5/2- –0.67989 +2.80
Nuclear
174
Yb 32.026(80) 173.93887 0+
175
Yb 174.94128 4.19 d β- /0.470 0.466/73 7/2- +0.77 +3.5 Lu k x-ray
0.071/21 0.3963/13
0.353/6.2 (0.114–0.28)
176m
Yb 11.4 s I.T./1.051 (8-) –0.15 +5.3 Yb k x-ray
0.0961
0.1901
0.2929
0.3897
Yb
176
12.996(83) 175.94258 1026 a β-β- 0+ +0.15
Yb
177m
6.41 s I.T./0.3315 1/2- Yb k x-ray
0.1131
0.2084
Yb
177
176.94527 1.9 h β- /1.399 1.40 9/2+ –0.70 +4.0 Lu k x-ray
0.1504
Yb
178
177.9467 1.23 h β- /0.65 0.25/ 0+ 0.1415
0.3246
0.3516
0.3815
0.6125
179
Yb 178.950 8. m β- /2.4 (1/2-)
180
Yb 179.952 2. m β- 0+ 0.1028–0.442
181
Yb 180.956 > 0.3 µs
182
Yb > 0.3 µs
183
Yb > 0.3 µs
184
Yb > 0.3 µs
185
Yb > 0.3 µs
71Lu 174.9668(1)
150m
Lu 0.045 ms p/1.29
150
Lu 149.974 43. ms p
151m
Lu 16 μs p/1.31 (3/2+)
151
Lu 150.968 0.08 s p/1.231 (11/2-)
152
Lu 151.964 0.7 s
153
Lu 152.959 0.9 s 11/2-
154
Lu 153.957 1.0 s β+, EC/10.8
155m
Lu 2.6 ms α/7.41 (25/2-)
155
Lu 154.9543 0.07 s EC/8.0 (11/2-)
α/ 5.66/90
156m
Lu 0.20 s α/ 5.57/ 9+
156
Lu 155.9530 ~ 0.5 s β+, EC/9.5 2- ann.rad./
α/ 5.45/
Lu
157m
~ 9.6 s α 4.925/
Lu
157
156.9501 4.8 s β+, EC/94 /6.93 ann.rad./
α/ 5.00/
Lu
158
157.9493 10.4 s β+, EC/99 /8.0 2- ann.rad./
α/ 4.67/ 0.3682
0.4770
Lu
159
158.9466 12.3 s β+, EC/6.0 ann.rad./


0.1505
0.1875
0.3693
Lu
160
159.9460 36.1 s β+, EC/7.3 ann.rad./
0.2434
0.3957
0.5773
Nuclear
Lu
161
160.9436 1.2 m β+, EC/5.3 1/2+ +0.223 ann.rad./
0.0437
0.0671
0.1003
0.1108
0.1562
0.2562
Lu
162m
~ 1.5 m EC/ 4-
Lu
162
161.9433 1.37 m β+, EC/6.9 1- +0.055 +0.52 ann.rad./
0.1666
0.6314
Lu
163
162.9412 4.1 m β+, EC/4.6 1/2(+) +0.077 ann.rad./
0.0539
0.0581
0.1504
0.1631
0.3717
Lu
164
163.9413 3.14 m β+, EC/6.3 1.6/ 1- +0.059 +0.61 0.1238
3.8/ 0.2621
0.7404
0.8639
0.8804
Lu
165
164.9394 10.7 m β+, EC/3.9 2.06/ 1/2+ –0.0245 ann.rad./
0.1206
0.1324
0.1742
0.2036
(0.04–2.0)
166m2
Lu 2.1 m β+ /35 / 0- ann.rad./
EC/65 / Yb k x-ray
1.0673
1.2566
2.0986
166m1
Lu 1.4 m β+, EC/58 / 3(-) +0.189 +2.72 ann.rad./
I.T./42 /0.0344 0.1024
0.2281
0.2861
0.8119
0.8301
Lu
166
165.9399 2.8 m β+ /25 /5.5 6- +2.91 +4.33 ann.rad./
EC/75 / Yb k x-ray
0.1024
0.2281
0.3375
0.3679
Lu
167
166.9383 52. m β+ /2 /3.1 2.1/ 7/2+ +2.325 +3.28 Yb k x-ray
EC/98 / 0.0297
0.2392


(0.03–2.0)
168m
Lu 6.7 m β+ /12 / 3+ +1.221 +2.43 ann.rad./
EC/88 / Yb k x-ray
IT/<0.8 0.1988/190
0.8960/100
0.9792/128
0.018–2.65
Nuclear
Lu
168
167.9387 5.5 m β+ /6 /4.5 1.2/ 6(-) +3.02 +4.8 ann.rad./
EC/94 / Yb k x-ray
0.1114
0.1124
0.2286
0.3483
1.4836
169m
Lu 2.7 m I.T./0.0290 1/2- Lu L x-ray
0.0290
Lu
169
168.93764 1.419 d EC/2.293 1.271/ 7/2+ 2.30 3.5 Yb k x-ray
0.19121
0.9606
(0.08–2.1)
170m
Lu 0.7 s I.T./0.0929 4- Lu L x-ray
0.04449
0.0484
Lu
170
169.9385 2.01 d EC/3.46 2.44/ 0+ Yb k x-ray
0.58711
0.5908
1.28029
(0.1–3.38)
171m
Lu 1.31 m I.T./0.0711 1/2- +0.59 Lu k x-ray
0.07119
Lu
171
170.93792 8.24 d EC/1.479 0.362/ 7/2+ +2.293 +3.48 Yb k x-ray
0.01939
0.66744
(0.02–1.3)
172m
Lu 3.7 m I.T./0.0419 1- +1.98 +0.76 Lu L x-rays
0.04186
Lu
172
171.93909 6.64 d EC/2.519 4- 2.90 +3.80 Yb k x-ray
0.18156
1.09367
(0.07–2.2)
Lu
173
172.93893 1.37 a EC/0.671 7/2+ +2.281 +3.53 Yb k x-ray
0.07860
0.27198
174m
Lu 142. d IT/99.3/ 0.17086 (6)- +1.49 +4.80 Lu k x-ray
EC/0.7 / 0.067055
Lu
174
173.94034 3.3 a EC/1.374 (1)- +1.988 +0.773 Yb k x-ray
0.07664
1.2419
Lu
175
97.401(13) 174.94078 7/2+ +2.232 +3.49
Lu
176m
3.66 h β- /1.315 1.229/ 1- +0.318 –1.47 Hf k x-ray
1.317/ 0.088372
Lu
176
2.599(13) 175.94269 3.73 × 1010 a β- /1.192 7- +3.169 +4.92 Hf k x-ray
β+ / < 0.9 0.20187
EC/<0.36 0.30691
177m2
Lu 6. m β- 39/2- 0.089


177m
Lu 160.7 d IT/22/0.9702 23/2- +2.32 +5.7 Lu k x-ray
β- /78 Hf k x-ray
0.11295/22.7
0.20836/61.0
0.37850/29.9
0.41853/21.4
(0.072–0.466)
Nuclear
Lu
177
176.94376 6.65 d β- /0.498 0.497/78.4 7/2+ +2.238 +3.39 0.11295/0.062
0.177/11.7 0.20836/0.104
0.385/9.9
0.249/0.002
178m
Lu 23.1 m β- / (9-) +4.83 +5.39 0.2166
0.3317
Lu
178
177.94596 28.5 m β- /2.099 2.03/ 1(+) –1.38 +0.71 Hf k ×-ray
0.0932
1.3099
1.3408
(0.09–1.7)
Lu
179
178.94733 4.6 h β- /1.405 1.35/ 7/2+ +2.38 +3.32 0.2143
0.3377
Lu
180
179.9499 5.7 m β- /3.1 1.49/ 0.40795/50.
(0.07–1.9)
Lu
181
180.952 3.5 m β- /2.5 (7/2+) 0.0458
0.2059
0.5749
Lu
182
181.955 2.0 m β- /~ 4.1 0.0978
0.7208
0.8182
183
Lu 182.957 58. s β- / 7/2+
184
Lu 183.961 20 s β-
185
Lu 184.964 > 0.3 µs
186
Lu > 0.3 µs
187
Lu > 0.3 µs
188
Lu > 0.3 µs
72Hf 178.49(2)
153
Hf 152.971 > 0.2 μs
154
Hf 153.965 2. s EC, β+ /~ 6.7 0+
155
Hf 154.963 0.9 s EC, β+ /8.
156
Hf 155.959 25. ms α/ 0+
157
Hf 156.958 0.11 s α/
158
Hf 157.9548 2.9 s EC/54 /5.1 0+
α/46 / 5.27/
Hf
159
158.9540 5.6 s β+, EC/88 /6.9 ann.rad./
α/12 / 5.09/
Hf
160
159.9507 ~ 12. s β+, EC/97 /4.9 0+ ann.rad./
α/4.78
Hf
161
160.9503 17. s α/ 4.60/
Hf
162
161.9472 38. s β+, EC/3.7 0+ ann.rad./
0.1739
0.1963
0.4101
Hf
163
162.9471 40. s β+, EC/5.5 ann.rad./
0.0454
0.0621
0.0710


0.6882
164
Hf 163.9444 2.8 m EC, β+ /3.0 0+
165
Hf 164.9446 1.32 m EC/4.6 11/2-
166
Hf 165.9422 6.8 m EC/93 /2.3 0+ ann.rad./
β+ /7 / Lu k x-ray
0.0788
Hf
167
166.9426 2.0 m β+ /40 /4.0 (5/2-) ann.rad./
Nuclear
EC/60 / Lu k x-ray
0.1754
0.3152
Hf
168
167.9406 25.9 m β+, EC/1.8 0+ ann.rad./
(0.014–1.311)
Hf
169
168.9413 3.25 m EC/85 /3.3 (5/2-) ann.rad./
β+ /15 / Lu k x-ray
0.3695
0.4929
Hf
170
169.9396 16.0 h EC/1.1 0+ Lu k x-ray
0.0985
0.1202
0.1647
0.5729
0.6207
Hf
171m
30. s (1/2-) +0.53
Hf
171
170.9405 12.2 h EC, β+ /2.4 7/2+ –0.67 +3.46 ann.rad./
Lu k x-ray
0.1221
0.6620
1.0714
Hf
172
171.9395 1.87 a EC/0.35 0+ Lu k x-ray
0.02399
0.12582
(0.082–0.123)
Hf
173
172.9405 23.6 h EC/1.6 ½- +0.50 Lu k x-ray
0.12367
0.13963
0.29697
0.31124
(0.1–2.1)
Hf
174
0.16(1) 173.94005 2.0 × 1015 a 0+
Hf
175
174.94151 70.7 d EC/0.686 5/2- –0.68 +2.72 Lu k x-ray
0.08936
0.34340
Hf
176
5.26(7) 175.94141 0+
Hf
177m2
51.4 m I.T./2.740 37/2- Hf k x-ray
0.2140
0.2951
0.3115
0.3267
177m1
Hf 1.1 s I.T./ 23/2+ Hf k x-ray
0.20836
0.22847
0.37851
Hf
177
18.60(9) 176.94323 7/2- +0.794 +0.337
Hf
178m2
31. a I.T./ 16+ +8.16 +6.0 Hf k x-ray
0.32555


0.42635
0.089–0.574
178m1
Hf 4.0 s I.T./ 8- 3 Hf k x-ray
0.21342
0.32555
0.42635
Hf
178
27.28(7) 177.94371 0+
Nuclear
Hf
179m2
25.1 d I.T./1.1057 25/2- 7.4 Hf k x-ray
0.1227
0.1461
0.3626
0.4537
179m1
Hf 18.7 s I.T./0.375 ½- Hf k x-ray
0.1607
0.2141
Hf
179
13.62(2) 178.94582 9/2+ –0.641 +3.86
Hf
180m
5.54 h I.T./1.1416 8- +9. +4.6 Hf k x-ray
0.2152
0.3323
0.4432
180
Hf 35.08(16) 179.94656 0+
181m
Hf 1.5 ms /1.738 25/2-
181
Hf 180.94911 42.4 d β- /1.027 0.408/ 1/2- Ta k x-ray
0.13294/36.6
0.48200/67.7
0.3459/13.5
182m
Hf 62. m β- /54 /1.60 0.49/43 8- Hf k ×-ray
IT/46 /1.173 0.95/10 0.0509
0.2244
0.3441
0.4558
0.5066
0.9428
Hf
182
181.95056 8.9 × 106 a β- /0.37 0+ Ta k x-ray
0.2704/79
(0.098–0.270)
Hf
183
182.9535 1.07 h β- /2.01 1.18/68 3/2- Ta k x-ray
1.54/25 0.0732
0.4591
0.7837
Hf
184
183.9555 4.1 h β- /1.34 0.74/38 0+ Ta k x-ray
0.85/16 0.0414
1.10/46 0.1391
0.3449
185
Hf 184.9589 ~ 3.5 m β- / 0.165
186
Hf 185.9609 ~ 2.6 m 0+ 0.738
187
Hf 186.965 > 0.3 μs
188
Hf 187.967 > 0.3 μs 0+
189
Hf 188.971 > 0.3 µs
190
Hf > 0.3 µs
73Ta 180.94788(2)
155
Ta 154.974 3. ms p/1.44
156
Ta 155.972 0.11 s β+ /~ 11.6 /29
p/ 1.01/71
Ta
157
156.968 10 ms α/ 6.117


p/ 0.927/3.4
Ta
158
157.967 37. ms α/ 6.05/100
5.97/100
Ta
159
158.9630 0.6 s β+, EC/20 /8.5 α/5.52/34 ann.rad./
α/80 / 5.60/55
Ta
160
159.9615 1.4 s β+, EC/10.1 ann.rad./
α 5.41/
Nuclear
Ta
161
160.9585 3.16 s β+, EC/7.5 ann.rad./
α/ 5.15
162
Ta 161.9573 4. s EC/8.6
163
Ta 162.9543 10.6 s EC/6.8
164
Ta 163.9535 14.2 s β+ /8.5 3+ ann.rad./
α/ 4.62/ 0.2110
0.3768
Ta
165
164.9508 31. s ECβ+ /5.9
Ta
166
165.9505 34. s β+ /82 /7.7 ann.rad./
EC/18 / Hf k x-ray
0.1587
0.3117
0.8101
Ta
167
166.9481 1.4 m β+, EC/5.6 ann.rad./
Ta
168
167.9481 2.4 m β+ /77 /6.7 3+ ann.rad./
EC/23 / Hf k x-ray
0.1241
0.2619
0.7518
(0.307–1.985)
Ta
169
168.9460 4.9 m β+, EC/4.4 ann.rad./
0.0288
0.1535
0.1924
Ta
170
169.9462 6.8 m β +/70 /6.0 (3+) ann.rad./
EC/35 / Hf k x-ray
0.1008
0.2212
Ta
171
170.9445 23.3 m β+, EC/3.7 (5/2-) 0.0496
0.5018
0.5064
(0.05–1.02)
Ta
172
171.9449 36.8 m β+ /25 /4.9 (3-) ann.rad./
EC/75 / Hf k x-ray
0.21396
1.10923
(0.09 –3.8)
Ta
173
172.9438 3.6 h β+ /24 /3.7 (5/2-) 1.70 –1.9 ann.rad./
EC/76 / Hf k x-ray
0.06972
0.17219
(0.06 –2.7)
Ta
174
173.9445 1.12 h β+ /27 /3.8 (3+) ann.rad./
EC/73 / Hf k x-ray
0.09089
0.20638
(0.09–3.64)
Ta
175
174.9437 10.5 h EC/2.0 7/2+ 2.27 +3.6 Hf k x-ray


0.2077
0.2671
0.3487
Ta
176
175.9449 8.1 h EC/3.1 1- Hf k x-ray
0.08837
1.15735
Ta
177
176.94448 2.356 d EC/1.166 7/2+ 2.25 Hf k x-ray
Nuclear
0.11295
(0.07–1.06)
178m
Ta 2.4 h EC/ (7-) Hf k x-ray
0.08886
0.21342
0.32555
0.42635
Ta
178
177.9457 9.29 m EC/99 /1.9 1+ +2.74 +0.65 ann.rad./
β+ /1 / Hf k x-ray
0.09316
Ta
179
178.94594 1.8 a EC/0.110 7/2+ +2.29 3.37 Hf k x-ray
Ta
180m
0.01201(32) 3.65 × 1016 a (9-) +4.82 +4.95
4.5 × 1016 a β-
> 2.0 × 1016 a EC
Ta
180
179.94746 8.15 h EC/87 /0.854 1+ Hf k x-ray
β- /13 /0.708 0.61/3 W k x-ray
0.71/10 0.09333
0.10340
Ta
181
99.98799(32) 180.94800 7/2+ +2.370 +3.3
Ta
182m
15.8 m I.T./0.5198 10- Ta k x-ray
0.14678
0.17157
Ta
182
181.95015 114.43 d β- /1.814 0.25/30 3- +3.02 +2.6 W k x-ray
0.44/20 1.12127/100
0.52/40 1.22138/79
0.085–1.289
Ta
183
182.95137 5.1 d β- /1.070 0.45/5 7/2+ +2.36 W k x-ray
0.62/91 0.0847
0.0991
0.1079
0.2461
0.3540
Ta
184
183.9540 8.7 h β- /2.87 1.11/15 (5-) W k ×-ray
1.17/81 0.2528/44.
0.4140/74.
(0.09–1.4)
Ta
185m
17 ms 0.280
Ta
185
184.9556 49. m β- /1.99 1.21/5 (7/2+) W k ×-ray
1.77/81 0.0697
0.1739
0.1776
Ta
186
185.959 10.5 m β- /3.9 2.2/ (3-) W k ×-ray
0.1979
0.2149
0.5106
(0.09–1.5)
Ta
187
186.960 > 0.3 μs
Ta
188m
20 s (0.143–0.434)


188
Ta 187.964 ~ 4.4 μs 0.292
189
Ta 188.966 1.3 μs
190
Ta 189.969 5. s (0.207–0.357)
191
Ta 190.972 > 0.3 µs
192
Ta 191.975 2. s 0.219
193
Ta > 0.3 µs
194
Ta > 0.3 µs
Nuclear
74W 183.84(1)
157
W 156.979 0.28 s (7/2-)
158m
W 0.14 ms α 8.28(3)/
158
W 157.975 1.3 ms α/ 6.433/96 0+
159
W 158.973 7. ms α/
160
W 159.968 0.08 s α/ 5.92/ 0+
161
W 160.967 0.41 s β+, EC/18 /8.1
α/82 / 5.78/
162
W 161.9635 1.39 s β+, EC/54 /5.8 0+
α/46 / 5.54/
163
W 162.9625 2.7 s β+, EC/59 /7.5
α/41 / 5.38/
164
W 163.9590 6. s β+, EC/97 /5.0 0+ ann.rad./
α/3 / 5.15/
165
W 164.9583 5.1 s β+, EC/99 /7.0 ann.rad./
α/1 / 4.91/
166
W 165.9550 16. s β+, EC/99 /4.2 0+ ann.rad./
α/1 / 4.74/
167
W 166.9548 20. s EC/5.6
168
W 167.9518 53. s EC/3.8 0+ ann.rad./
α/10-5/ 4.40(1) Ta k x-ray
0.1755
(0.037–0.573)
169
W 168.9518 1.3 m EC/5.4 ann.rad./
Ta k x-ray
0.123
(0.097–0.699)
170
W 169.9492 2.4 m EC/2.2 0+ ann.rad./
Ta k x-ray
0.3162
(0.060–0.144)
171
W 170.9495 2.4 m EC/4.6 ann.rad./
Ta k x-ray
0.1842
(0.052–0.479)
172
W 171.9473 6.6 m β+, EC/2.5 0+ ann.rad./
Ta k x-ray
0.0389
(0.034–0.674)
173
W 172.9477 6.3 m EC/4.0 ann.rad./
Ta k x-ray
0.4576
(0.035–0.623)
174
W 173.9461 35. m EC/1.9 0+ ann.rad./
Ta k x-ray
0.3287
0.4288
(0.056–0.429)

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (2016-2017) - 1501-2000

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Bond Lengths in Crystalline Organic Compounds 9-7

Bond Substructure d m σ q1 qu n Note

(Nsp2: planar) 1.371 1.370 0.016 1.363 1.382 41 23

HCP_Section_09.indb 7 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Bond Substructure d m σ q1 qu n Note

C*–O–C(=O)–C(phenyl) (overall) 1.454 1.454 0.012 1.446 1.463 219

HCP_Section_09.indb 8 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Bond Substructure d m σ q1 qu n Note

C*–C(=O)–O–C* 1.336 1.337 0.014 1.328 1.346 551 12,29

HCP_Section_09.indb 9 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Bond Substructure d m σ q1 qu n Note

(NH)2)2–C=O 1.256 1.256 0.007 1.249 1.261 24 25,26

HCP_Section_09.indb 10 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Bond Substructure d m σ q1 qu n Note

Csp3–Si(5) C#–Si––X4 1.874 1.876 0.015 1.859 1.884 9

HCP_Section_09.indb 11 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Bond Substructure d m σ q1 qu n Note

HCP_Section_09.indb 12 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Bond Substructure d m σ q1 qu n Note

N(3)–Si(5) see DMESIP01, BOJLER, CASSAQ, CASYOK,

HCP_Section_09.indb 13 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Bond Substructure d m σ q1 qu n Note

P(3)–P(3) X2–P–P–X2 2.214 2.210 0.022 2.200 2.224 41

HCP_Section_09.indb 14 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Bond Substructure d m σ q1 qu n Note

Appendix 1. (Footnotes to Table) 18. Other conjugative substituents excluded.

HCP_Section_09.indb 15 4/12/16 7:29 AM

HCP_Section_09.indb 16 4/12/16 7:29 AM

M M–CH3 M–CH2R M–CR=CR2 M–C6R5 M–C(=O)R

HCP_Section_09.indb 17 4/12/16 7:29 AM

M M–NH3 M–OH2 M–PMe3 M–SR M–AsR3

HCP_Section_09.indb 18 4/12/16 7:29 AM

4. Hargittai, M., “Molecular Structure of Metal Halides,” Chem. Rev.

HCP_Section_09.indb 19 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Part 1. Molecules Not Containing Carbon

BCl B—Cl (re) 1.7153 UV

HCP_Section_09.indb 20 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Compound Structure Method

BrF3 Fa Br Fa Br—Fa 1.810 ∠FaxBrFeq 85.1 ∠FaBrFb 86.2 MW

HCP_Section_09.indb 21 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Compound Structure Method

CuH Cu—H (re) 1.4626 UV

HCP_Section_09.indb 22 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Compound Structure Method

∠OaClOa 114.3 ∠OaClOb 104.1

HCP_Section_09.indb 23 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Compound Structure Method

Ob—H 0.958 Ob—H 0.98

Oc—H 0.96 ∠OcNOb 115.9 ∠HOcN 102.2

IBr I—Br (re) 2.4691 MW

HCP_Section_09.indb 24 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Compound Structure Method

HCP_Section_09.indb 25 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Compound Structure Method

NiF2 linear Ni—F 1.729 [Ni—F (re)] 1.715 ED

HCP_Section_09.indb 26 4/12/16 7:29 AM

Compound Structure Method

RbH Rb—H (re) 2.367 UV

HCP_Section_09.indb 27 4/12/16 7:29 AM

C–C(=O)–O–C 1.336 1.337 0.014 1.328 1.346 551 12,29