PMT

PMT

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

GCE Advanced Subsidiary Level and GCE Advanced Level
MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2010 question paper

for the guidance of teachers
9702 PHYSICS
9702/31 Paper 31 (Advanced Practical Skills 1),
maximum raw mark 40
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of
the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began,
which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers.
Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the
examination.
• CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes.
CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2010 question papers for most IGCSE,
GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level
syllabuses.
PMT
Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper

GCE AS/A LEVEL – October/November 2010 9702 31
1 (a) (i) No help from Supervisor. [1]
(ii) Values of a and b with consistent units to the nearest mm. [1]
(b) Six sets of readings of a, b and R scores 5 marks, five sets scores 4 marks etc. [5]
Incorrect trend then –1. Correct trend b/a increases, R increases.
Major help from supervisor –1.
Range: used R = 8000 Ω or 7000 Ω. [1]
Column headings (R/Ω, a/m, b/m, b/a). [1]

Must have R and either b/a or a and b columns.
Each column heading must contain a quantity and a unit where appropriate.
Ignore any units in the body of the table.
There must be some distinguishing mark between the quantity and the unit (solidus is
expected but accept, for example, R (Ω).
Consistency of presentation of readings. [1]

All values of raw a and b must be given to the nearest mm.
Significant figures. [1]

Significant figures for b/a must be the same as, or one more than, the least number of
s.f. used in a or b.
Correct calculation of b/a. [1]
(c) (i) Axes: [1]

Sensible scales must be used. No awkward scales (e.g. 3:10).
Scales must be chosen so that the plotted points occupy at least half the graph
grid in both x and y directions.
Scales must be labelled with the quantity which is being plotted. Ignore units.
Scale markings should be no more than three large squares apart.
All observations must be plotted. Ignore any plot off the grid. [1]
Write a ringed total of plotted points.
Ring and check a suspect point.
Work to an accuracy of half a small square.
Do not accept blobs (points with diameter > 0.5 small square).
(ii) Line of best fit. [1]

Judge by balance of at least 5 trend points about candidate’s line.
There must be an even distribution of points either side of the line along the full
length.
Line must not be kinked. Do not allow lines thicker than half a small square.
Quality. [1]
Scatter of points must be less than ± 200 Ω in the R – axis about a straight line.
All points in the table must be plotted (at least 5) for this mark to be awarded.
(iii) Gradient. [1]

The hypotenuse of the triangle must be at least half the length of the drawn line.
Both read-offs must be accurate to half a small square.
© UCLES 2010
PMT

1
(d) Gradient = [1]
X
Value of X in range 3000–3600 Ω with unit.
b
(e) =1 [1]
a
Correct reading off graph. [1]
[Total: 20]
2 (c) (ii) Measurement of h to nearest mm with consistent unit. 0.900 m < h < 1.100 m [1]
(d) (ii) Value of mA – mB = 20 g with consistent unit. [1]
(iii) Value of t with unit. t < 5 seconds [1]
Evidence of repeated measurements of t. [1]
(e) Absolute uncertainty in t in range 0.1–0.6 s. [1]

If repeated readings have been taken, then the uncertainty can be half the range.
Correct method of calculation to get percentage uncertainty. [1]
(f) Second value of mA – mB = 40 g [1]
Second value of t. [1]
Quality: second value of t < first value of t. [1]
(g) (i) Values of k calculated correctly. [1]
(ii) Justification of sf in k linked t and (mA – mB) or mA and mB or masses. [1]
(iii) Valid conclusion based on the calculated values of k. [1]

Candidate must test against a stated criterion.
© UCLES 2010
PMT

(h) Identifying limitations marks and suggesting improvements
(i) Limitations [4] (ii) Improvements [4] Do not credit

Ap Two readings are not As Take more readings and plot a One reading/few
enough (to draw a graph/calculate more values of k. readings/take
conclusion) more readings
and average.
Bp Masses hit each other/ Bs Use larger pulley/method of
masses slipping off. securing masses to hanger.
Cp Uncertain starting position Cs Method of fixing rule e.g. clamp
rule/electromagnetic release
mechanism
Dp Difficult to measure time Ds Drop through greater height/
as time short/reaction time expand on trap door mechanism/
large compared with time. light gate with timer/motion sensor
with data logger/video timer with
timer.
Ep Friction at pulley Es Lubricate pulley Friction between
pulley and string
Fp Retort stand moves Fs Method of fixing to the bench
e.g. clamp/add weights
Gp Mass (values) not Gs Use balance/method of measuring
accurate mass
Do not credit parallax error.
[Total: 20]
© UCLES 2010
PMT


9702 PHYSICS
maximum raw mark 40
examination.
syllabuses.
PMT

1 (a) (ii) Value of raw h to the nearest mm (unit needed). h > 20 cm. [1]
(b) Evidence of repeat times: of one swing repeated several times or the time for a number
of swings recorded at least once (not fixed time and count n). [1]
Value of 0.5 < T < 3 s.
(c) Six sets of readings of x and T scores 5 marks, five sets scores 4 marks etc. [5]
Incorrect or no trend then –1 (Correct trend x increases, T2 decreases). SH –1.
Write a ringed total next to the table.
Maximum value of x at least h/2. [1]
Column headings (x / m, x / mm, T / s, T2/s2). [1]

Must have x and T2 columns.
Each column heading must contain a quantity and a unit.
Ignore any units in the body of the table.
There must be some distinguishing mark between the quantity and the unit (solidus is
expected but accept, for example, x (m)).
Consistency of presentation of raw readings. [1]

All values of raw x must be given to the nearest mm and all values of raw time to the
same number of d.p. (either 1 or 2).
Significant figures. [1]

Significant figures for T2 must be the same as, or one more than, the least number of
significant figures used in the raw time data. Also if raw time is given to the nearest
hundredth of a second accept one less significant figure in T2.
Correct calculation of T2. Do not allow t2. [1]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

(d) (i) Axes: [1]

Sensible scales must be used. No awkward scales (e.g. 3:10).
All observations must be plotted on the grid. [1]

Write a ringed total of plotted points.
Ring and check a suspect plot.
(ii) Line of best fit. [1]

Judge by balance of at least 5 points about the candidate’s line.
length.
Line must not be kinked. Do not allow lines thicker than half a small square.
Quality. [1]
Scatter of points must be less than ± 1 cm (to scale) in the x (cm) direction of a
straight line. All points in table must be plotted (at least 5) for this mark to be
awarded.
(iii) Gradient. [1]

Negative sign must be seen on answer line consistent with graph.
Intercept. [1]
Either:
Check correct read-off from a point on the line and substitution into y = mx + c.
Read off must be accurate to half a small square. Allow ecf of gradient value.
Or:
Check read-off of intercept directly from the graph.
A y intercept
(e) Value of (Expect value to be approximately equal to h). [1]
B gradient
Unit for A/B correct (e.g. m) consistent with value. [1]

Allow candidate’s value 0.5 h < A/B < 1.5 h.
[Total: 20]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

2 Measurement of dA in range 0.20 mm < dA < 0.40 mm to nearest 0.01 mm or 0.001 mm with
consistent unit. If OOR allow SV ± 0.10 mm. [1]
Evidence of repeated measurements of d (or in (e)). [1]
(c) (i) Measurement of L to nearest mm with consistent unit. [1]
(ii) Absolute uncertainty in L is 2 mm–10 mm. [1]

Correct method of calculation to get percentage uncertainty. [1]
(d) (ii) Measurement of VA. Any supervisor’s help –1. [1]
(e) Value of dB. Major help from supervisor –1. [1]
(f) (ii) Measurement of VB to at least nearest 0.1 V with unit. V < 2 V. If > 2 V check SV. [1]
Quality: VB < VA. [1]
(g) (i) Values of k calculated correctly. [1]
(ii) Justification of sf in k linked to L and d and V. [1]

© UCLES 2010
PMT

(h)
Ap Two readings are not As Take more readings and plot a One reading/
enough (to draw a graph/calculate more values of k. few readings/
conclusion. take more
readings and
average.
Bp Difficult to measure length Bs Use sliding jockeys/narrower clips/
because (give a reason) solder contacts/use longer wire (to
e.g. clips have a width/ reduce % error).
clip slips. Difficult to make
L the same (for both
experiments).
Cp Voltmeter scale not Cs Use digital voltmeter/use a Voltmeter not
sensitive enough/not voltmeter that reads to 0.01 V. accurate
precise enough/only reads enough. More
to 0.1 or 0.05 V. accurate
voltmeter.
Dp Wires kinked/Wires not Ds Method of keeping wire (during Parallax error.
straight/Difficult to keep experiment) straight e.g. tape to
wire straight/difficult to ruler, hang weights off end, clamp
prevent short circuiting. wire.
Ep Difficult to make I the Es Method to obtain continuous
same (for both variation in the current e.g. (slide
experiments). wire) potentiometer/potential
divider/finer wire rheostat/longer
rheostat.
Fp Contact resistance/ Fs Method of cleaning contacts e.g.
fluctuating ammeter or sand clips. Tighten clips.
voltmeter readings.
Ignore reference to parallax error, zero error on meters, heating effects of wire, cell runs
down, video the experiment.
[Total: 20]
© UCLES 2010
PMT


9702 PHYSICS
maximum raw mark 40
examination.
syllabuses.
PMT

1 (c) Measurements for h1 and h2 to nearest mm [1]

Check raw values if readings are repeated.
The difference between h1 and h2 is < 2 mm. [1]
(d) (iii) Six sets of readings of n, h1 and h2 scores 5 marks, five sets scores [5]
4 marks etc.
Incorrect trend then –1.
Help from supervisor then –1.
Range – [1]
n values must include 10 or greater.
Column headings – [1]

Each column heading must contain a quantity and a unit where appropriate.
There must be some distinguishing mark between the quantity and the unit.
E.g. h1/cm or h1(cm) but not 1/((h1 – h1)/cm).
Consistency of presentation of raw readings – [1]

All values of h1 and h2 must be given to the same precision.
Significant figures – [1]

S.f. for 1/(h1 – h2) must be the same as, or one more than, the s.f. in the difference
(h1 – h2).
Calculation – [1]
1/(h1 – h2) calculated correctly.
(Graph) Axes – [1]

Sensible scales must be used, no awkward scales (e.g. 3:10). Scales must be
chosen so that the plotted points must occupy at least half the graph grid in both x
and y directions.
Scale markings must be no more than 3 large squares apart.
Plotting of points – [1]

All observations must be plotted.
Do not accept blobs (points with diameter > half a small square).
Ring and check a suspect plot. Tick if correct. Re-plot if incorrect.
Line of best fit – [1]

Judge by balance of at least 5 trend points about the candidate's line. There must
be an even distribution of points either side of the line along the full length.
Line must not be kinked.
Quality – [1]
Scatter of points must be less than ±0.02 on the 1/n axis about the examiner’s line.
All points must be plotted (at least 5) for this mark to be scored.
© UCLES 2010
PMT

(e) (iii) Gradient

The hypotenuse must be at least half the length of the drawn line. [1]
Intercept [1]
Check that the read-off or the method of calculation is correct.
(f) Value of a = value of gradient and value of b = value of intercept. [1]

Do not allow a value presented as a fraction.
Units for a and b are correct. [1]

E.g. cm 1 or m 1 but must be consistent with the values.
Allow no unit for b if b = 0.
[Total: 20]
2 (a) (i) Value of d in range 5 cm to 15 cm. [1]

Help from supervisor then –1.
Evidence of repeated measurements of d. [1]
(ii) Correct calculation of A. [1]

Do not allow a value in terms of π.
(b) (i) Measurement for x in range 0.8 cm < x < 1.0 cm to nearest mm. [1]
(ii) Absolute uncertainty 1 or 2 mm (or half the range of repeats), and correct method
of calculation. [1]
(c) (ii) Measurement for h to nearest mm. [1]
(d) (iii) Value for t > 1 s and given to 0.1 s or 0.01 s. [1]
Check raw data if there are repeats.
(iv) Correct calculation of R, with consistent unit (e.g. cm3 s 1). [1]
(e) (i) Values for x, V and h. [1]
(ii) Correct trend (R increases with h). [1]
(f) (i) Values of k calculated correctly. [1]
(ii) Valid conclusion based on the calculated values of k. Candidate must test against
a stated criterion. [1]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

(g)
(i) Problems 4 max (ii) Improvements 4 max No credit/not enough
A Two readings are not Take more readings, and More readings and
enough (to draw a plot a graph/calculate calculate the average/
conclusion). more k values. only one reading.
B Bottle not circular/ Collect water and measure
diameter at P different to volume/remeasure
that at Q. diameter at P.
C Bottle deforms when Use vernier callipers to Use string to measure
measuring d. measure d. d.
D Difficult to see water Use coloured water/liquid. Use oil.
level/meniscus
problems/refraction
problems.
E Labels get wet/ink runs Use waterproof labels/ink
F Difficult to judge when to Use video, with timing Human reaction time
start/stop timing. method. error.
G Large uncertainty in x. Use travelling microscope
to measure x.
X Another valid point E.g. Measure h to point Move marks closer
E.g. Flowrate calculated midway between marks. together.
is not the flowrate at h.
Ignore ‘parallax problems’ unless there is a convincing diagram.

Ignore ‘use assistant’.
Ignore ‘use distance sensor’ unless there is a convincing diagram.
Ignore ‘use a computer/datalogger/light gates’.
Ignore ‘bottle not vertical’.
[Total: 20]
© UCLES 2010
PMT


9702 PHYSICS
maximum raw mark 40
examination.
syllabuses.
PMT

1 (a) (i) Value of d to the nearest 0.01 mm or 0.001 mm with consistent unit. [1]
0.20 < d < 0.60 mm.
(b) (iii) Value of x in range 40 cm–60 cm with consistent unit. [1]

Value of I with units.
(c) Six sets of readings of x and I scores 5 marks, five sets scores 4 marks etc. Incorrect
trend then –1. Minor help from supervisor –1 ; major help from supervisor –2 [5]
Range [1]
xmax > 70 cm; xmin < 30 cm
Column headings [1]

Each column heading must contain a quantity and a unit.
There must be some distinguishing mark between the quantity and the unit
(solidus is expected but accept, for example, 1/I (A 1). Do not allow 1/I (A))
Consistency of presentation of raw readings. [1]

All values of x must be given to the nearest mm.
Significant figures [1]

S.F. in 1/I must be the same as, or one more than, the least number of significant
figures used in raw I.
Calculation [1]
Correct calculation of 1/I.
© UCLES 2010
PMT

(d) (i) Axes [1]

Sensible scales must be used. Awkward scales (e.g. 3:10) are not allowed.
Plotting of points [1]

All observations must be plotted on the grid.
Ring and check a suspect plot.
(ii) Line of best fit [1]

Judge by the balance of at least 5 points about the candidate’s line.
length.
Lines must not be kinked. Do not accept lines thicker than half a small square.
Quality [1]
All points in the table (minimum 5) must be plotted for this mark to be scored. All
points must be within 2 cm (to scale) in x direction of a straight line.
(iii) Gradient [1]

Intercept [1]
Either:
Check correct read-off from a point on the line, and substitution into y = mx + c.
Read-off must be accurate to half a small square. Allow ecf of gradient value.
Or:
Check read-off of intercept directly from graph.
M ρ
(e) Values obtained in (a)(ii) and (d)(iii) substituted correctly into equation: [1]
N AR
Do not allow substitution methods to find M or N
Value for ρ in range: 1 × 10 7 Ω m – 5 × 10 6 Ω m with consistent unit. [1]
[Total: 20]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

2 (a) (ii) Measurement of x to nearest mm. x < 15.0 cm with consistent unit. [1]
–1 for supervisor’s help.
(b) (iii) Measurement of θ (less than 90°) with unit. [1]
(iv) Absolute uncertainty in θ in the range 2°–10°. [1]

Correct method of calculation of percentage uncertainty.
(v) m = 50 g with consistent unit [1]
M = 60 g with consistent unit [1]
(vi) Correct calculation of m/M (0.83 or 0.833). No units. [1]
(c) Measurement of θ [1]
m = 40 g; M = 70 g [1]
Quality: θ2 > θ1 [1]
(d) (i) Correct calculation of two values of k. [1]
(ii) Justification of sf in k linked to θ, m and M [1]

© UCLES 2010
PMT

(e) Identifying limitations (4 marks) and suggesting improvements (4 marks)

A Two readings are not Take more readings and plot Few readings. Take more
enough (to draw a a graph/calculate more k readings and calculate
conclusion. values (and compare). average. Only one reading.
B Difficult to balance with Drill hole higher up/switch off Closed room.
reason e.g. unstable or fans/a.c./close windows.
effect of fans/draughts/a.c.
C Difficult to judge when Method of ensuring strip is Strip not straight/parallel/
wooden strip horizontal/parallel to bench horizontal.
horizontal/parallel (to the e.g. use a spirit level or
bench). metre rule(s) to measure
height of both ends/sight Use set square.
against window. Allow
detailed use of set square.
D Difficult keeping x constant/ Method of fixing cotton loop
weights move. to rule e.g. tape, glue.
E Difficult to measure θ Use a plumb line/clamped Bigger protractor. Paper
because hard to judge ruler/clamp protractor. behind protractor.
vertical/movement of hand.
F Friction at pulley/between Use lubricant/method of Friction. Better pulley/
nail and wooden strip. reducing friction. smooth(er) string/thin(ner)
string. Friction between
string and pulley.
Lubrication between string
and pulley.
G Mass (values) not accurate. Use balance/method of Weigh masses.
weighing mass.
Do not credit ‘parallax problems’, ‘use assistant’ or references to sensors, computers or

videos.
[Total: 20]
© UCLES 2010
PMT


9702 PHYSICS
9702/41 Paper 4 (A2 Structured Questions), maximum raw mark 100
examination.
syllabuses.
PMT

Section A
1 (a) force per unit mass (ratio idea essential) B1 [1]
(b) graph: correct curvature M1

from (R,1.0 gS) & at least one other correct point A1 [2]
(c) (i) fields of Earth and Moon are in opposite directions M1

either resultant field found by subtraction of the field strength
or any other sensible comment A1
so there is a point where it is zero A0 [2]
(allow FE = –FM for 2 marks)
(ii) GME / x2 = GMM / (D – x)2 C1

(6.0 × 1024) / (7.4 × 1022) = x2 / (60RE – x)2 C1
x = 54 RE A1 [3]
(iii) graph: g = 0 at least ⅔ distance to Moon B1

gE and gM in opposite directions M1
correct curvature (by eye) and gE > gM at surface A1 [3]
2 (a) (i) no forces (of attraction or repulsion) between atoms / molecules / particles B1 [1]
(ii) sum of kinetic and potential energy of atoms / molecules M1

due to random motion A1 [2]
(iii) (random) kinetic energy increases with temperature M1

no potential energy
(so increase in temperature increases internal energy) A1 [2]
(b) (i) zero A1 [1]
(ii) work done = p∆V C1

= 4.0 × 105 × 6 × 10 4
= 240 J (ignore any sign) A1 [2]
(iii)
change work done / J heating / J increase in internal
energy / J
P→Q +240 –600 –360

Q→R 0 +720 +720
R→P –840 +480 –360
(correct signs essential)

(each horizontal line correct, 1 mark – max 3) B3 [3]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

3 (a) (i) resonance B1 [1]
(ii) amplitude 16 mm and frequency 4.6 Hz A1 [1]
(b) (i) a = (–)ω2x and ω = 2πf C1

a = 4π2 × 4.62 × 16 × 10 3 C1
= 13.4 m s 2 A1 [3]
(ii) F = ma C1
= 150 × 10 3 × 13.4
= 2.0 N A1 [2]
(c) line always ‘below’ given line and never zero M1

peak is at 4.6 Hz (or slightly less) and flatter A1 [2]
4 (a) charge / potential (difference) (ratio must be clear) B1 [1]
(b) (i) V = Q / 4πε0r B1 [1]
(ii) C = Q / V = 4πε0r and 4πε0 is constant M1

so C ∝ r A0 [1]
(c) (i) r = C / 4πε0r C1

r = (6.8 × 10 12) / (4π × 8.85 × 10 12
) C1
= 6.1 × 10 2 m A1 [3]
12
(ii) Q = CV = 6.8 × 10 × 220
= 1.5 × 10 9 C A1 [1]
(d) (i) V = Q/C = (1.5 × 10 9) / (18 × 10 12

)
= 83 V A1 [1]
(ii) either energy = ½CV 2 C1

∆E = ½ × 6.8 × 10 12 × 2202 – ½ × 18 × 10 12 × 832 C1
= 1.65 × 10 7 – 6.2 × 10 8
= 1.03 × 10 7 J A1 [3]
or energy = ½QV (C1)
∆E = ½ × 1.5 × 10 9 × 220 – ½ × 1.5 × 10 9 × 83 (C1)
= 1.03 × 10 7 J (A1)
© UCLES 2010
PMT

5 (a) field into (the plane of) the paper B1 [1]
(b) force due to magnetic field provides the centripetal force B1

mv2 / r = Bqv C1
B = (20 × 1.66 × 10 27 × 1.40 × 105) / (1.6 × 10 19 × 6.4 × 10 2) B1
= 0.454 T A0 [3]
(c) (i) semicircle with diameter greater than 12.8 cm B1 [1]
22
(ii) new flux density = × 0.454 C1
20
B = 0.499 T A1 [2]
6 (a) (i) e.g. prevent flux losses / improve flux linkage B1 [1]
(ii) flux in core is changing B1

e.m.f. / current (induced) in core B1
induced current in core causes heating B1 [3]
(b) (i) that value of the direct current producing same (mean) power / heating M1
in a resistor A1 [2]
(ii) power in primary = power in secondary M1

VP I P = VS IS A1 [2]
7 (a) (i) e.g. electron / particle diffraction B1 [1]
(ii) e.g. photoelectric effect B1 [1]
(b) (i) 6 A1 [1]
(ii) change in energy = 4.57 × 10 19 J

λ = hc / E C1
= (6.63 × 10 34 × 3.0 × 108) / (4.57 × 10 19
)
= 4.4 × 10 7 m A1 [2]
8 (a) splitting of a heavy nucleus (not atom/nuclide) M1

into two (lighter) nuclei of approximately same mass A1 [2]
1
(b) 0n
4
2 He (allow 42 α ) M2
7
3 Li A1 [3]
(c) emitted particles have kinetic energy B1

range of particles in the control rods is short / particles stopped in rods /
lose kinetic energy in rods B1
kinetic energy of particles converted to thermal energy B1 [3]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

Section B
9 (a) (i) non-inverting (amplifier) B1 [1]
(ii) (G =) 1 + R2 / R1 B1 [1]
(b) (i) gain = 1 + 100 / 820 C1

output = 17 mV A1 [2]
(ii) 9 V A1 [1]
(R2 / R1 scores 0 in (a)(ii) but possible 1 mark in each of (b)(i) and (b)(ii)
(1 + R1 / R2) scores 0 in (a)(ii), no mark in (b)(i), possible 1 mark in (b)(ii)
(1 – R2 / R1) or R1 / R2 scores 0 in (a)(ii), (b)(i) and (b)(ii))
10 (a) (i) density × speed of wave (in the medium) B1 [1]
(ii) ρ = (7.0 × 106) / 4100

= 1700 kg m 3 A1 [1]
(b) (i) I = IT + IR B1 [1]
(ii) 1. α = (0.1 × 106)2 / (3.1 × 106)2 C1

= 0.001 A1 [2]
2. α ≈ 1 A1 [1]
(c) either very little transmission at an air-skin boundary M1

(almost) complete transmission at a gel-skin boundary M1
when wave travels in or out of the body A1 [3]
or no gel, majority reflection (M1)
with gel, little reflection (M1)
when wave travels in or out of the body (A1)
11 (a) (i) unwanted random power / signal / energy B1 [1]
(ii) loss of (signal) power / energy B1 [1]
(b) (i) either signal-to-noise ratio at mic. = 10 lg (P2 / P1) C1

= 10 lg ({2.9 × 10 6} / {3.4 × 10 9})
= 29 dB A1
maximum length = (29 – 24) / 12 C1
= 0.42 km = 420 m A1 [4]
or signal-to-noise ratio at receiver = 10 lg (P2 / P1) (C1)

at receiver, 24 = 10 lg(P / {3.4 × 10 9})
P = 8.54 × 10 7 W (A1)
power loss in cables = 10 lg({2.9 × 10 6} / {8.54 × 10 7}) (C1)
= 5.3 dB
length = 5.3 / 12 km
= 440 m (A1)
© UCLES 2010
PMT

(ii) use an amplifier M1

coupled to the microphone A1 [2]
(repeater amplifiers scores no mark)
12 (a) (carrier wave) transmitted from Earth to satellite (1)

satellite receives greatly attenuated signal (1)
signal amplified and transmitted back to Earth B1
at a different (carrier) frequency B1
different frequencies prevent swamping of uplink signal (1)
e.g. of frequencies used (6/4 GHz, 14/11 GHz, 30/20 GHz) (1)
(two B1 marks plus any two other for additional physics) B2 [4]
(b) advantage: e.g. much shorter time delay M1

because orbits are much lower A1
e.g. whole Earth may be covered (M1)
in several orbits / with network (A1)
disadvantage: e.g. either must be tracked
or limited use in any one orbit M1
more satellites required for continuous operation A1 [4]
© UCLES 2010
PMT


9702 PHYSICS
examination.
syllabuses.
PMT

Section A
1 (a) force per unit mass (ratio idea essential) B1 [1]
(b) graph: correct curvature M1

from (R,1.0 gS) & at least one other correct point A1 [2]
(c) (i) fields of Earth and Moon are in opposite directions M1

either resultant field found by subtraction of the field strength
or any other sensible comment A1
so there is a point where it is zero A0 [2]
(allow FE = –FM for 2 marks)
(ii) GME / x2 = GMM / (D – x)2 C1

(6.0 × 1024) / (7.4 × 1022) = x2 / (60RE – x)2 C1
x = 54 RE A1 [3]
(iii) graph: g = 0 at least ⅔ distance to Moon B1

gE and gM in opposite directions M1
correct curvature (by eye) and gE > gM at surface A1 [3]
2 (a) (i) no forces (of attraction or repulsion) between atoms / molecules / particles B1 [1]
(ii) sum of kinetic and potential energy of atoms / molecules M1

due to random motion A1 [2]
(iii) (random) kinetic energy increases with temperature M1

no potential energy
(so increase in temperature increases internal energy) A1 [2]
(b) (i) zero A1 [1]
(ii) work done = p∆V C1

= 4.0 × 105 × 6 × 10 4
= 240 J (ignore any sign) A1 [2]
(iii)
change work done / J heating / J increase in internal
energy / J
P→Q +240 –600 –360

Q→R 0 +720 +720
R→P –840 +480 –360
(correct signs essential)

(each horizontal line correct, 1 mark – max 3) B3 [3]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

3 (a) (i) resonance B1 [1]
(ii) amplitude 16 mm and frequency 4.6 Hz A1 [1]
(b) (i) a = (–)ω2x and ω = 2πf C1

a = 4π2 × 4.62 × 16 × 10 3 C1
= 13.4 m s 2 A1 [3]
(ii) F = ma C1
= 150 × 10 3 × 13.4
= 2.0 N A1 [2]
(c) line always ‘below’ given line and never zero M1

peak is at 4.6 Hz (or slightly less) and flatter A1 [2]
4 (a) charge / potential (difference) (ratio must be clear) B1 [1]
(b) (i) V = Q / 4πε0r B1 [1]
(ii) C = Q / V = 4πε0r and 4πε0 is constant M1

so C ∝ r A0 [1]
(c) (i) r = C / 4πε0r C1

r = (6.8 × 10 12) / (4π × 8.85 × 10 12
) C1
= 6.1 × 10 2 m A1 [3]
12
(ii) Q = CV = 6.8 × 10 × 220
= 1.5 × 10 9 C A1 [1]
(d) (i) V = Q/C = (1.5 × 10 9) / (18 × 10 12

)
= 83 V A1 [1]
(ii) either energy = ½CV 2 C1

∆E = ½ × 6.8 × 10 12 × 2202 – ½ × 18 × 10 12 × 832 C1
= 1.65 × 10 7 – 6.2 × 10 8
= 1.03 × 10 7 J A1 [3]
or energy = ½QV (C1)
∆E = ½ × 1.5 × 10 9 × 220 – ½ × 1.5 × 10 9 × 83 (C1)
= 1.03 × 10 7 J (A1)
© UCLES 2010
PMT

5 (a) field into (the plane of) the paper B1 [1]
(b) force due to magnetic field provides the centripetal force B1

mv2 / r = Bqv C1
B = (20 × 1.66 × 10 27 × 1.40 × 105) / (1.6 × 10 19 × 6.4 × 10 2) B1
= 0.454 T A0 [3]
(c) (i) semicircle with diameter greater than 12.8 cm B1 [1]
22
(ii) new flux density = × 0.454 C1
20
B = 0.499 T A1 [2]
6 (a) (i) e.g. prevent flux losses / improve flux linkage B1 [1]
(ii) flux in core is changing B1

e.m.f. / current (induced) in core B1
induced current in core causes heating B1 [3]
(b) (i) that value of the direct current producing same (mean) power / heating M1
in a resistor A1 [2]
(ii) power in primary = power in secondary M1

VP I P = VS IS A1 [2]
7 (a) (i) e.g. electron / particle diffraction B1 [1]
(ii) e.g. photoelectric effect B1 [1]
(b) (i) 6 A1 [1]
(ii) change in energy = 4.57 × 10 19 J

λ = hc / E C1
= (6.63 × 10 34 × 3.0 × 108) / (4.57 × 10 19
)
= 4.4 × 10 7 m A1 [2]
8 (a) splitting of a heavy nucleus (not atom/nuclide) M1

into two (lighter) nuclei of approximately same mass A1 [2]
1
(b) 0n
4
2 He (allow 42 α ) M2
7
3 Li A1 [3]
(c) emitted particles have kinetic energy B1

range of particles in the control rods is short / particles stopped in rods /
lose kinetic energy in rods B1
kinetic energy of particles converted to thermal energy B1 [3]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

Section B
9 (a) (i) non-inverting (amplifier) B1 [1]
(ii) (G =) 1 + R2 / R1 B1 [1]
(b) (i) gain = 1 + 100 / 820 C1

output = 17 mV A1 [2]
(ii) 9 V A1 [1]
(R2 / R1 scores 0 in (a)(ii) but possible 1 mark in each of (b)(i) and (b)(ii)
(1 + R1 / R2) scores 0 in (a)(ii), no mark in (b)(i), possible 1 mark in (b)(ii)
(1 – R2 / R1) or R1 / R2 scores 0 in (a)(ii), (b)(i) and (b)(ii))
10 (a) (i) density × speed of wave (in the medium) B1 [1]
(ii) ρ = (7.0 × 106) / 4100

= 1700 kg m 3 A1 [1]
(b) (i) I = IT + IR B1 [1]
(ii) 1. α = (0.1 × 106)2 / (3.1 × 106)2 C1

= 0.001 A1 [2]
2. α ≈ 1 A1 [1]
(c) either very little transmission at an air-skin boundary M1

(almost) complete transmission at a gel-skin boundary M1
when wave travels in or out of the body A1 [3]
or no gel, majority reflection (M1)
with gel, little reflection (M1)
when wave travels in or out of the body (A1)
11 (a) (i) unwanted random power / signal / energy B1 [1]
(ii) loss of (signal) power / energy B1 [1]
(b) (i) either signal-to-noise ratio at mic. = 10 lg (P2 / P1) C1

= 10 lg ({2.9 × 10 6} / {3.4 × 10 9})
= 29 dB A1
maximum length = (29 – 24) / 12 C1
= 0.42 km = 420 m A1 [4]
or signal-to-noise ratio at receiver = 10 lg (P2 / P1) (C1)

at receiver, 24 = 10 lg(P / {3.4 × 10 9})
P = 8.54 × 10 7 W (A1)
power loss in cables = 10 lg({2.9 × 10 6} / {8.54 × 10 7}) (C1)
= 5.3 dB
length = 5.3 / 12 km
= 440 m (A1)
© UCLES 2010
PMT

(ii) use an amplifier M1

coupled to the microphone A1 [2]
(repeater amplifiers scores no mark)
12 (a) (carrier wave) transmitted from Earth to satellite (1)

satellite receives greatly attenuated signal (1)
signal amplified and transmitted back to Earth B1
at a different (carrier) frequency B1
different frequencies prevent swamping of uplink signal (1)
e.g. of frequencies used (6/4 GHz, 14/11 GHz, 30/20 GHz) (1)
(two B1 marks plus any two other for additional physics) B2 [4]
(b) advantage: e.g. much shorter time delay M1

because orbits are much lower A1
e.g. whole Earth may be covered (M1)
in several orbits / with network (A1)
disadvantage: e.g. either must be tracked
or limited use in any one orbit M1
more satellites required for continuous operation A1 [4]
© UCLES 2010
PMT


9702 PHYSICS
examination.
syllabuses.
PMT

GCE A LEVEL – October/November 2010 9702 43
Section A
1 (a) (i) rate of change of angle / angular displacement M1

swept out by radius A1 [2]
(ii) ω × T = 2π B1 [1]
(b) centripetal force is provided by the gravitational force B1

either mr(2π/T)2 = GMm/r 2 or mrω 2 = GMm/r 2 M1
3 2 2
r × 4π = GM × T A1
GM/4π2 is a constant (c) A1
T 2 = cr 3 A0 [4]
(c) (i) either T 2 = (45/1.08)3 × 0.6152 or T 2 = 0.30 × 453 C1

T = 165 years A1 [2]
(ii) speed = (2π × 1.08 × 108) / (0.615 × 365 × 24 × 3600) C1

= 35 km s 1 A1 [2]
2 (a) atoms / molecules / particles behave as elastic (identical) spheres (1)

volume of atoms / molecules negligible compared to volume of containing vessel (1)
time of collision negligible to time between collisions (1)
no forces of attraction or repulsion between atoms / molecules (1)
atoms / molecules / particles are in (continuous) random motion (1)
(any four, 1 each) B4 [4]
(b) pV = 1
3
Nm<c2> and pV = nRT or pV = NkT B1
1 2 2
3
Nm<c > = nRT or = NkT and <EK> = ½m<c > B1
n = N/NA or k = R/NA B1
3
<EK> = × R/NA × T A0 [3]
2
(c) (i) reaction represents either build-up of nucleus from light nuclei
or build-up of heavy nucleus from nuclei M1
so fusion reaction A1 [2]
(ii) proton and deuterium nucleus will have equal kinetic energies B1
1.2 × 10 14 = 32 × 8.31 / (6.02 × 1023) × T C1
T = 5.8 × 108 K A1 [3]
14
(use of E = 2.4 × 10 giving 1.16 × 109 K scores 1 mark)
(iii) either inter-molecular / atomic / nuclear forces exist

or proton and deuterium nucleus are positively charged / repel B1 [1]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

3 (a) (i) 8.0 cm A1 [1]
(ii) 2πf = 220 C1

f = 35 (condone unit) A1 [2]
(iii) line drawn mid-way between AB and CD (allow ±2 mm) B1 [1]
(iv) v = ωa C1
= 220 × 4.0
= 880 cm s 1 A1 [2]
(b) (i) 1. line drawn 3 cm above AB (allow ±2 mm) B1 [1]

2. arrow pointing upwards B1 [1]
(ii) 1. line drawn 3 cm above AB (allow ±2 mm) B1 [1]

2. arrow pointing downwards B1 [1]
(iii) v = ω√(a2 – x2)

= 220 × √(4.02 – 2.02) C1
= 760 cm s 1 A1 [2]
(incorrect value for x, 0/2 marks)
4 (a) (i) work done moving unit positive charge M1

from infinity to the point A1 [2]
(ii) charge / potential (difference) (ratio must be clear) B1 [1]
(b) (i) capacitance = (2.7 × 10 6) / (150 × 103) C1

(allow any appropriate values)
capacitance = 1.8 × 10 11 (allow 1.8 ±0.05) A1 [2]
(ii) either energy = ½CV 2 or energy = ½QV and Q = CV C1

energy = ½ × 1.8 × 10 11 × (150 × 103)2 or ½ × 2.7 × 10 6 × 150 × 103
= 0.20 J A1 [2]
(c) either since energy ∝ V 2, capacitor has (½)2 of its energy left
or full formula treatment C1
energy lost = 0.15 J A1 [2]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

5 (a) magnetic flux = BA

= 89 × 10 3 × 5.0 × 10 2 × 2.4 × 10 2
C1
= 1.07 × 10 4 Wb A1 [2]
(b) (i) e.m.f. = ∆φ / ∆t C1

(for ∆φ = 1.07 × 10 4 Wb), ∆t = 2.4 × 10 2 / 1.8 = 1.33 × 10 2 s C1
e.m.f. = (1.07 × 10 4) / (1.33 × 10 2)
= 8.0 × 10 3 V A1 [3]
(ii) current = 8.0 × 10 3 / 0.12 M1

≈ 70 mA A0 [1]
(c) force on wire = BIL

= 89 × 10 3 × 70 × 10 3 × 5.0 × 10 2 C1
≈ 3 × 10 4 (N) M1
suitable comment e.g. this force is too / very small (to be felt) A1 [3]
6 (a) power / heating depends on I2 M1

so independent of current direction A1 [2]
(b) either maximum power = I02R or average power = IRMS2R M1

I0 = √2 × IRMS M1
maximum power = 2 × average power
ratio = 0.5 A1 [3]
7 (a) force due to E-field is equal and opposite to force due to B-field B1
Eq = Bqv B1
v = E/B B1 [3]
(b) either charge and mass are not involved in the equation in (a)
or FE and FB are both doubled
or E, B and v do not change M1
so no deviation A1 [2]
8 (a) minimum frequency for electron to be emitted (from surface) M1

of electromagnetic radiation / light / photons A1 [2]
(b) E = hc / λ or E = hf and c = fλ C1
either threshold wavelength = (6.63 × 10 34 × 3.0 × 108) / (5.8 × 10 19)
= 340 nm
or energy of 340 nm photon = 4.4 × 10 19 J
or threshold frequency = 8.7 × 1014 Hz
or 450 nm → 6.7 × 1014 Hz A1
appropriate comment comparing wavelengths / energies / frequencies B1
so no effect on photo-electric current B1 [4]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

Section B
9 (a) (i) edges can be (clearly) distinguished B1 [1]
(ii) e.g. size of X-ray source / anode / target / aperture

scattering of X-ray beam
pixel size
(any two, 1 each) B2
further detail e.g. use of lead grid B1 [3]
(b) X-ray image involves a single exposure B1

CT scan: exposure of a slice from many different angles M1
repeated for different slices A1
CT scan involves a (much) greater exposure B1 [4]
10 (a) e.g. infinite input impedance / resistance

zero output impedance / resistance
infinite gain
infinite bandwidth
infinite slew rate
(any three, 1 each) B3 [3]
(b) (i) with switch open, V is less (positive) than V + M1

output is positive A1
with switch closed, V is more (positive) than V + so output is negative A1 [3]
(allow similar scheme if V more positive than V + treated first)
(ii) 1. diodes connected correctly between output and earth M1

2. green identified correctly A1 [2]
(do not allow this mark if not argued in (i))
11 (a) (i) I / I0 = exp(–1.5 × 2.9) C1

= 0.013 A1 [2]
(ii) I / I0 = exp(–4.6 × 0.95)

= 0.013 A1 [1]
(b) attenuation (coefficients) in muscle and in fat are similar B1

attenuation (coefficients) in bone and muscle / fat are different B1
contrast depends on difference in attenuation B1 [3]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

12 (a) (i) 1. signal has same variation (with time) as the data B1
2. consists of (a series of) ‘highs’ and ‘lows’ B1
either analogue is continuously variable (between limits)
or digital has no intermediate values B1 [3]
(ii) e.g. can be regenerated / noise can be eliminated

extra data can be added to check / correct transmitted signal
(any two reasonable suggestions, 1 each) B2 [2]
(b) (i) analogue signal is sampled at (regular time) intervals B1

sampled signal is converted into a binary number B1 [2]
(ii) one channel is required for each bit (of the digital number) B1 [1]
© UCLES 2010
PMT


9702 PHYSICS
9702/51 Paper 5 (Planning, Analysis and Evaluation),
maximum raw mark 30
examination.
syllabuses.
PMT

GCE A/AS LEVEL – October/November 2010 9702 51
1 Planning (15 marks)
Defining the problem (3 marks)

P1 f is the independent variable and V is the dependent variable or vary f and measure V [1]
P2 Keep the current in coil X constant [1]
P3 Keep the number of turns on coil (Y)/area of coil Y constant
Do not credit reference to coil X only. [1]
Methods of data collection (5 marks)

M1 Two independent coils labelled X and Y. [1]
M2 Alternating power supply/signal generator connected to coil X in a workable circuit. [1]
M3 Coil Y connected to voltmeter/c.r.o. in a workable circuit. [1]
M4 Use c.r.o. to determine period/frequency or read off signal generator. [1]
M5 Method to keep current constant in coil X: adjust signal generator/use of rheostat. [1]
Method of analysis (2 marks)

A1 Plot a graph of V against f. [1]
A2 Relationship valid if straight line through origin [1]
Safety considerations (1 mark)

S1 Reference to hot coils – switch off when not in use/use gloves/do not touch coils. Must refer
to hot coils. [1]
Additional detail (4 marks)

D1/2/3/4 Relevant points might include [4]
1. Use large current in coil X/large number of coils on coil Y (to increase emf).
2. Use iron core (to increase emf).
3. Detail on measuring emf e.g. height × y-gain.
4. Avoid other alternating magnetic fields.
5. Detail on measuring frequency from c.r.o. to determine period and hence f.
6. Use of ammeter/c.r.o. and resistor to check current is constant
7. Use insulated wire for coils.
8. Keep coil Y and coil X in the same relative positions.
Do not allow vague computer methods.
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

2 Analysis, conclusions and evaluation (15 marks)
Part Mark Expected Answer Additional Guidance
(a) A1 Gradient = b Allow log a but not ln a

y-intercept = lg a
(b) T1 T1 for lg l column – ignore rounding errors; min

T2 1.9777 0.292 or 0.2923 2 dp.
1.9294 0.265 or 0.2648 T2 for lg T column – must be values given
A mixture is allowed
1.8751 0.241 or 0.2405
1.8129 0.210 or 0.2095
1.7404 0.170 or 0.1703
1.6532 0.127 or 0.1271
U1 From ± 0.004 or ± 0.005 to ± 0.006 Allow more than one significant figure.
or ± 0.007
(c) (i) G1 Six points plotted correctly Must be within half a small square; penalise ≥
half a small square. Penalise ‘blobs’ ≥ half a
small square. Ecf allowed from table.
U2 Error bars in lg (T/s) plotted All error bars must be plotted. Check first and
correctly. last point. Must be accurate within half a small
square; penalise ≥ half a small square.
(ii) G2 Line of best fit If points are plotted correctly then lower end of
line should pass between (1.65, 0.124) and
(1.65, 0.128) and upper end of line should
pass between (2.00, 0.300) and (2.00, 0.306).
Allow ecf from points plotted incorrectly; five
trend plots needed – examiner judgement.
G3 Worst acceptable straight line. Line should be clearly labelled or dashed.

Steepest or shallowest possible Should pass from top of top error bar to bottom
line that passes through all the of bottom error bar or bottom of top error bar to
error bars. top of bottom error bar. Mark scored only if all
error bars are plotted.
(iii) C1 Gradient of best fit line The triangle used should be at least half the
length of the drawn line. Check the read offs.
Work to half a small square; penalise ≥ half a
small square.
U3 Uncertainty in gradient Method of determining absolute uncertainty

Difference in worst gradient and gradient.
(iv) C2 y-intercept Must be negative. Check substitution of point

from line into c = y – mx.
Allow ecf from (c)(iii).
© UCLES 2010
PMT

U4 Uncertainty in y-intercept Method of determining absolute uncertainty

Difference in worst y-intercept and y-intercept.
Do not allow ecf from false origin read-off
(FOX). Allow ecf from (c)(iv).
(d) C3 a = 10y intercept y-intercept must be used. Expect an answer of

about 0.19. If FOX expect answer of about 1.3.
C4 b = gradient and in the range 0.495 Allow 0.50 to 0.52 to 2 sf

to 0.520 and to 2 or 3 sf Penalise 1 sf or ≥4 sf
U5 Absolute uncertainty in a and b Difference in a and worst a.

Uncertainty in b should be the same as the
uncertainty in the gradient.
[Total: 15]
Uncertainties in Question 2
(c) (iii) Gradient [U3]

1. Uncertainty = gradient of line of best fit – gradient of worst acceptable line
2. Uncertainty = ½ (steepest worst line gradient – shallowest worst line gradient)
(c) (iv) [U4]

1. Uncertainty = y-intercept of line of best fit – y-intercept of worst acceptable line
2. Uncertainty = ½ (y-intercept of steepest worst line – y-intercept of shallowest worst

line)
(d) [U5]
best y intercept worst y intercept
1. Uncertainty = 10 - 10
© UCLES 2010
PMT


9702 PHYSICS
maximum raw mark 30
examination.
syllabuses.
PMT


P1 f is the independent variable and V is the dependent variable or vary f and measure V [1]
P2 Keep the current in coil X constant [1]
P3 Keep the number of turns on coil (Y)/area of coil Y constant
Do not credit reference to coil X only. [1]

M1 Two independent coils labelled X and Y. [1]
M2 Alternating power supply/signal generator connected to coil X in a workable circuit. [1]
M3 Coil Y connected to voltmeter/c.r.o. in a workable circuit. [1]
M4 Use c.r.o. to determine period/frequency or read off signal generator. [1]
M5 Method to keep current constant in coil X: adjust signal generator/use of rheostat. [1]

A1 Plot a graph of V against f. [1]
A2 Relationship valid if straight line through origin [1]

S1 Reference to hot coils – switch off when not in use/use gloves/do not touch coils. Must refer
to hot coils. [1]

1. Use large current in coil X/large number of coils on coil Y (to increase emf).
2. Use iron core (to increase emf).
3. Detail on measuring emf e.g. height × y-gain.
4. Avoid other alternating magnetic fields.
5. Detail on measuring frequency from c.r.o. to determine period and hence f.
6. Use of ammeter/c.r.o. and resistor to check current is constant
7. Use insulated wire for coils.
8. Keep coil Y and coil X in the same relative positions.
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

(a) A1 Gradient = b Allow log a but not ln a

y-intercept = lg a
(b) T1 T1 for lg l column – ignore rounding errors; min

T2 1.9777 0.292 or 0.2923 2 dp.
1.9294 0.265 or 0.2648 T2 for lg T column – must be values given
1.8751 0.241 or 0.2405
1.8129 0.210 or 0.2095
1.7404 0.170 or 0.1703
1.6532 0.127 or 0.1271
U1 From ± 0.004 or ± 0.005 to ± 0.006 Allow more than one significant figure.
or ± 0.007
(c) (i) G1 Six points plotted correctly Must be within half a small square; penalise ≥
half a small square. Penalise ‘blobs’ ≥ half a
small square. Ecf allowed from table.
U2 Error bars in lg (T/s) plotted All error bars must be plotted. Check first and
correctly. last point. Must be accurate within half a small
square; penalise ≥ half a small square.
(ii) G2 Line of best fit If points are plotted correctly then lower end of
line should pass between (1.65, 0.124) and
(1.65, 0.128) and upper end of line should
pass between (2.00, 0.300) and (2.00, 0.306).
Allow ecf from points plotted incorrectly; five
trend plots needed – examiner judgement.

Steepest or shallowest possible Should pass from top of top error bar to bottom
line that passes through all the of bottom error bar or bottom of top error bar to
error bars. top of bottom error bar. Mark scored only if all
error bars are plotted.
length of the drawn line. Check the read offs.
small square.
U3 Uncertainty in gradient Method of determining absolute uncertainty

(iv) C2 y-intercept Must be negative. Check substitution of point

from line into c = y – mx.
Allow ecf from (c)(iii).
© UCLES 2010
PMT

U4 Uncertainty in y-intercept Method of determining absolute uncertainty

Difference in worst y-intercept and y-intercept.
Do not allow ecf from false origin read-off
(FOX). Allow ecf from (c)(iv).
(d) C3 a = 10y intercept y-intercept must be used. Expect an answer of

about 0.19. If FOX expect answer of about 1.3.
C4 b = gradient and in the range 0.495 Allow 0.50 to 0.52 to 2 sf

to 0.520 and to 2 or 3 sf Penalise 1 sf or ≥4 sf
U5 Absolute uncertainty in a and b Difference in a and worst a.

Uncertainty in b should be the same as the
uncertainty in the gradient.
[Total: 15]

(c) (iv) [U4]

1. Uncertainty = y-intercept of line of best fit – y-intercept of worst acceptable line
2. Uncertainty = ½ (y-intercept of steepest worst line – y-intercept of shallowest worst

line)
(d) [U5]
best y intercept worst y intercept
1. Uncertainty = 10 - 10
© UCLES 2010
PMT


9702 PHYSICS
maximum raw mark 30
examination.
syllabuses.
PMT


P1 c, d or A is the independent variable and R is the dependent variable or vary c, d or A and
measure R. [1]
P2 If c varied then (t and) d or A kept constant, if d varied then (t and) c or A kept constant, if A
varied then c or d kept constant. [1]
P3 Keep temperature constant. [1]

M1 Circuit diagram to measure resistance. [1]
M2 Use micrometer screw gauge to measure d or t. (Allow digital or vernier callipers) [1]
M3 Measure c with a ruler/metre rule. [1]
M4 Method of making contact with the strip e.g. use electrodes of at least same dimension as c
or d or t or conducting paint methods. Do not allow crocodile clips, unless it is clear that the
whole area of the end of the strip is covered. [1]
M5 Method to determine resistance. [1]

A1 Plot a graph of R against c, 1/d or 1/A depending on orientation. Other alternatives possible,
e.g. R against 1/c depending on orientation [1]
A2 Must be consistent with A1: ρ = A × gradient or t × gradient/c [1]
Other alternatives possible, e.g. ρ = d × gradient/t

S1 Reference sharp edges or cutting metals, e.g. wear gloves. [1]

1. Insulate aluminium strip
2. Take many readings of t or d and average
3. Use a protective resistor/circuit designed to reduce current
4. Rearrange equation to determine graph using c, d and t or A
5. Determine typical resistance of aluminium strip
6. Likely meter range of ammeter/voltmeter/ohmmeter
7. Detail on cutting strip e.g. mark using set square
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2010
PMT

(a) A1 t 15
Must be negative. Allow .
C C
(b) T1 T1 for 1/R column – ignore sf and rounding

T2 150 1.28 or 1.281 errors
100 1.61 or 1.609 T2 for ln (V/V) column – must be values given
66.7 1.86 or 1.856
50.0 1.97 or 1.974
33.3 2.08 or 2.079
U1 From ± 0.05 or ± 0.06 to ± 0.02 or Allow more than one significant figure.
± 0.03
(c) (i) G1 Five points plotted correctly Must be within half a small square; penalise ≥
half a small square. Ecf allowed from table.
Penalise ‘blobs’ ≥ half a small square.
U2 Error bars in ln(V/V) plotted All plots to have error bars; penalise ≥ half a
correctly. small square. Check first and last point. Must
be accurate within half a small square.
(ii) G2 Line of best fit If points are plotted correctly then upper end of
line should pass between (20, 2.16) and
(20, 2.18) and lower end of line should pass
between (160, 1.20) and (160, 1.225). Allow
ecf from points plotted incorrectly – examiner
judgement.

Steepest or shallowest possible Should pass from top of top error bar to
line that passes through all the bottom of bottom error bar or bottom of top
error bars. error bar to top of bottom error bar. Mark
scored only if all error bars are plotted.
Must be negative length of the drawn line. Check the read offs.
small square. Do not penalise POT.
U3 Uncertainty in gradient Method of determining absolute uncertainty.

(d) (i) C2 C = –15/gradient Gradient must be used.

Allow ecf from (c)(iii). Do not penalise POT.
C3 2.14 × 10 3 F to 2.24 × 10 3 F Must be in range – penalise POT.

and to 2 or 3 sf Allow equivalent unit including s Ω 1, C V 1,
AsV1
© UCLES 2010
PMT

(ii) U4 Determines % uncertainty in C Uses worst gradient or worst calculated C

value.
Do not check calculation.
(e) C4 Determines R correctly Expect to see an answer about 3000 Ω.

R = 6.514/candidate’s C; allow ecf from (d)(i)
U5 Determines absolute uncertainty Determines worst value of R or (d)(ii) × R
[Total: 15]
(d) (ii) [U4]
1. Works out worst C then determines % uncertainty
2. Works out percentage uncertainty in gradient
(e) [U5]
1. Works out worst R then determines difference
⎛ ∆gradient ⎞ ⎛ ∆C ⎞
2. ∆R = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟R = ⎜ ⎟R
⎝ gradient ⎠ ⎝ C ⎠
© UCLES 2010

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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2010 question paper

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper

1 (a) (i) No help from Supervisor. [1]

Range: used R = 8000 Ω or 7000 Ω. [1]

Column headings (R/Ω, a/m, b/m, b/a). [1]

Consistency of presentation of readings. [1]

Significant figures. [1]

Correct calculation of b/a. [1]

(c) (i) Axes: [1]

(ii) Line of best fit. [1]

(iii) Gradient. [1]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper

(d) (ii) Value of mA – mB = 20 g with consistent unit. [1]

(iii) Value of t with unit. t < 5 seconds [1]

Evidence of repeated measurements of t. [1]

(e) Absolute uncertainty in t in range 0.1–0.6 s. [1]

Correct method of calculation to get percentage uncertainty. [1]

(f) Second value of mA – mB = 40 g [1]

Second value of t. [1]

Quality: second value of t < first value of t. [1]

(g) (i) Values of k calculated correctly. [1]

(ii) Justification of sf in k linked t and (mA – mB) or mA and mB or masses. [1]

(iii) Valid conclusion based on the calculated values of k. [1]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper

(h) Identifying limitations marks and suggesting improvements

(i) Limitations [4] (ii) Improvements [4] Do not credit

Do not credit parallax error.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2010 question paper

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper

Maximum value of x at least h/2. [1]

Column headings (x / m, x / mm, T / s, T2/s2). [1]

Consistency of presentation of raw readings. [1]

Significant figures. [1]

Correct calculation of T2. Do not allow t2. [1]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper

(d) (i) Axes: [1]

All observations must be plotted on the grid. [1]

(ii) Line of best fit. [1]

(iii) Gradient. [1]

Unit for A/B correct (e.g. m) consistent with value. [1]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper

Evidence of repeated measurements of d (or in (e)). [1]

(c) (i) Measurement of L to nearest mm with consistent unit. [1]

(ii) Absolute uncertainty in L is 2 mm–10 mm. [1]

(d) (ii) Measurement of VA. Any supervisor’s help –1. [1]

(e) Value of dB. Major help from supervisor –1. [1]

Quality: VB < VA. [1]

(g) (i) Values of k calculated correctly. [1]

(ii) Justification of sf in k linked to L and d and V. [1]

(iii) Valid conclusion based on the calculated values of k. [1]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2010 question paper

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper

1 (c) Measurements for h1 and h2 to nearest mm [1]

The difference between h1 and h2 is < 2 mm. [1]

Column headings – [1]

Consistency of presentation of raw readings – [1]

Significant figures – [1]

(Graph) Axes – [1]

Plotting of points – [1]

Line of best fit – [1]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper

(e) (iii) Gradient

(f) Value of a = value of gradient and value of b = value of intercept. [1]

Units for a and b are correct. [1]

2 (a) (i) Value of d in range 5 cm to 15 cm. [1]

Evidence of repeated measurements of d. [1]

(ii) Correct calculation of A. [1]

(c) (ii) Measurement for h to nearest mm. [1]

(e) (i) Values for x, V and h. [1]

(ii) Correct trend (R increases with h). [1]

(f) (i) Values of k calculated correctly. [1]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper

Ignore ‘parallax problems’ unless there is a convincing diagram.