Organic and Physical Chemistry

Syllabus for II B.Sc.

, IV Semester
(INORGANIC, ORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY) 60hrs (4h/w)
UNIT -1: Organometallic Compounds
Definition and classification of organometallic compounds based on bond
type, Concept of hapticity of organic ligands.
Metalcarbonyls: 18 electron rule, electron count of mononuclear, polynuclear
and substituted metal carbonyls of 3dseries.
General methods of preparation of mono and binuclear carbonyls of ~,...
series. P-acceptor behaviour of carbon monoxide.
Synergic effects (VB approach) - (MO diagram of CO can
be referred to for synergic effect to IR frequencies).
UNIT - 11 Carbohydrates
Occurrence, classification and their biological importance, Monosaccharides:
Constitution and absolute configuration of glucose and fructose, epimers and
anomers, mutarotation, determination of ring size of glucose and fructose,
Haworth projections and conformational ~ tructures;
lnterconversions of aldoses and ketoses; Killiani-Fischer synthesis and Ruff
degradation;
Disaccharides- Elementary treatment of maltose,
lactose and sucrose. Polysaccharides-Elementary
treatment of starch.
UNIT- Ill

Amino acids and proteins

Introduction: Definition of Amino acids, classification of Amino acids into
alpha, beta, and gamma amino acids.
Natural and essential amino acids - definition and examples,
classification of alpha amino acids into acidic, basic and neutral amino
acids with examples.
Methods of synthesis: General methods of synthesis of alpha amino
acids (specific examples - Glycine, Alanine, valine, and leucine) by
following methods: a) from halogenated carboxylic acid b) Gabriel
Phthalimide synthesis c) Strecker's synthesis.
Physical properties: Zwitter ion structure - salt like character - solubility,
melting points, amphoteric character, definition of isoelectric point.
Chemical properties: General reactions due to amino and carboxyl
groups - lactams from gamma and delta amino acids by heating- peptide
bond (amide linkage).
Heterocyclic Compounds
Introduction and definition: Simple five membered ring compounds with one
hetero atom Ex. Furan. Thiophene and pyrrole - Aromatic character -
Preparation from 1, 4, -dicarbonyl compounds, Paul-Knorr synthesis.
Properties: Acidic character of pyrrole - electrophilic substitution at 2 or 5
position, Halogenation, Nitration and Sulphonation under mild conditions -
Diels Alder reaction in furan.
Pyridine - Structure - Basicity - Aromaticity- Comparison with pyrrole- one
met~od of preparation and properties - Reactivity towards Nucleophilic
substitution reaction .
UNIT- IV
Nitrogen Containing Functional Groups:

Preparation, properties and important reactions of nitro compounds,
amines and diazonium salts.
1. Nitro hydrocarbons:
Nomenclature and classification-nitro hydrocarbons, structure -
Tautomerism of nitroalkanes leading to aci and keto form,
Preparation of Nitroalkanes, reactivity -halogenation, reaction with 1
HN02 (Nitrous acid), Nef~ reaction and Mannich reaction leading to

Michael addition and reduction.
2.Amines:
Introduction, classification, chirality in amines (pyramidal inversion),
importance and general methods of preparation.
Properties: Physical properties, Basicity of amines: Effect of substituent,
solvent and steric effects.
Distinction between Primary, secondary and tertiary amines using Hinsberg's
method and nitrous acid.
Discussion of the following reactions with emphasis on the mechanistic
pathway: Gabriel Phthalimide synthesis, Hoffmann Bromamide reaction ,
Carbylamine reaction , Mannich reaction , Hoffmann's exhaustive methylation,
Hofmann-elilfiination reaction and Cope elimination.
Diazonium Salts:
Preparation and synthetic applications of diazonium salts
including preparation of arenes, haloarenes, phenols, cyano
and nitro compounds.
CoupUng reactions of diazonium salts (preparation of azo
dyes).
UNIT- V Photochemistry
Difference between thermal and photochemical processes,
Laws of photochemistry- Grothus Draper's law and Stark-Einstein's law
of photochemical equivalence,
Quantum yield Photochemical reaction mechanism- hydrogen- chlorine
and hydrogen- bromine reaction.
Qualitative description of fluorescence , phosphorescence, Jablonski
diagram ,
Photosensitized reactions- energy transfer processes.
Thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics-statement, definition of
internal energy and enthalpy,
Heat capacities and their relationship, Joule-Thomson effect-
coefficient,
Calculation of work for the expansion of perfect gas under
isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversible processes,
State function.
Temperature dependence of enthalpy of formation- Kirchoff s
equation.
Second law of thermodynamics: Different Statements of the
law,
Carnot cycle and its efficiency, Carnot theorem, Concept of
entropy, entropy as a state function, entropy changes in
reversible and irreversible processes.
Entropy changes in spontaneous and equilibrium processes.
Third law of thermodynamics, Nernst heat theorem,
Spontaneous and non- spontaneous processes, Helmholtz
and Gibbs energies-Criteria for spontaneity.

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Organic and Physical Chemistry

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Syllabus for II B.Sc.

Amino acids and proteins

Nitrogen Containing Functional Groups:

HN02 (Nitrous acid), Nef~ reaction and Mannich reaction leading to

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