LESSON 1

I. Vocabulary and Related Terms

1. Imagine: To form a mental image of something.
* Imagination (n): The ability to create ideas or pictures in your mind.
* Imaginary (adj): Unreal, existing only in the mind.
- Example: Imaginary Monster
- Sentence: I have an imaginary friend.
* Imaginative (adj): Having many creative ideas.
- Example: An imaginative policy/method/approach
- Imaginative is used to describe someone or something that shows creativity and
inventiveness.
2. Certain: Sure, having no doubt.
* Ascertain (v): To make something certain or clear.
* Certainty (n): The state of being sure.
- Example: Life has no certainty.
Ascertain is often used in formal contexts to indicate confirming or finding out
something with certainty.
3. Accustomed (adj): Being used to something.
* Accustom (v): To make someone familiar with something.
- Example: Accustom somebody to something.
4. Provide (v): To supply or make available.
- Example: Provide somebody with something.
* Provision (n): The act of providing something; a specific rule or condition in law.
- Example: Legal provision (quy định pháp luật)
- Sentence: As provided in the law, all people must not drink before driving.
* Make provision for (phr): To prepare or arrange for potential future situations.
- Example: You must make provision for your retirement.
* Providing that/Provided that (conj): On the condition that; as long as.
* Provisional (adj): Temporary, likely to change in the future.
- Example: These schedules are provisional.

Provision in legal contexts refers to specific regulations or requirements.

5. Occasion (n/v): An event or the cause of something happening.
- Example: His absence from classes occasioned a lot of troubles.
* Occasional (adj): Happening from time to time.
* Occasionality (n): The state or quality of being occasional.
Occasion as a verb means to cause something to happen.
II. Advanced expressions
1. Brought about: To cause something to happen.
2. Amount: Used with uncountable nouns like "money"
3. Purpose: The reason for which something is done.
4. Otherwise: Indicates a different situation or result if something does not happen.
5. The general trend: The overall direction in which something is developing or
changing.
6. To be involved in: To participate or engage in something.
7. Raise/pose a question: To bring up or suggest a question.
8. Go hand-in-hand with: To be closely connected or associated with something.
9. Could/would/might change: Indicating possible changes.
10. What... Is like?: Used to ask for a description.
- Example: What is the weather like?
LESSON 2
I. WORD FORM
1. Know (biết)

• Knowledgeable: knowing a lot (biết nhiều, thông thạo)

o Ví dụ: She is very knowledgeable about the topic.
• Knowledgably: in a knowledgeable way (một cách hiểu biết)
o Ví dụ: She talks knowledgably about the topic.
• Well-known: famous, widely recognized (nổi tiếng, được biết đến nhiều)
• Unknown: not known, not famous (không được biết đến, vô danh)
• Knowing: showing awareness or understanding (hiểu biết, tinh tường)
o Ví dụ: My teacher gave me a knowing smile.
• Knowingly: deliberately, with full awareness (cố ý, có chủ đích)
o Ví dụ: She looked knowingly at him.
o Ví dụ: The law has not been knowingly tested.
• Unknowingly: without awareness (vô ý, không có chủ đích)
• Knowable: able to be known (có thể biết được)

2. Tough (khó khăn, cứng rắn)

• Toughest: most difficult, strongest (khó khăn nhất, cứng rắn nhất)

3. Science (khoa học)

• Scientific: related to science (thuộc về khoa học)

4. Suffer (chịu đựng)

• Suffering: physical/mental pain (sự đau khổ về thể xác/tinh thần)

• Sufferance: passive acceptance or endurance (sự chịu đựng, khác với "Endurance")

5. Comfort (an ủi)

• Comfort (v): to soothe or console (an ủi)

o Ví dụ: Her mom comforted her after hearing that she got a C from her class.
• Comfortable: providing physical ease and relaxation (thoải mái)
• Comfortably: in a comfortable way (một cách thoải mái)

6. Like (giống, thích)

• Unlike (prep): different from (khác với)

o Ví dụ: Unlike his father, John behaves so well.
• Unlike (adj): not similar (không giống)
o Ví dụ: The twin brothers are unlike.

7. Relative (tương đối)

• Relatively: in comparison to something else

II. SENTENCE COMPLETION

1. Marcella left home very early IN ORDER NOT TO miss the train.

• Purpose clause: a clause used to indicate the purpose of an action (mệnh đề chỉ mục
đích).
o Ví dụ: She studies hard in order not to fail the exam.

2. You ARE REQUIRED TO SHOW YOUR student card as you enter the
library.

• Requirement: something that you must do or have (yêu cầu).

o Ví dụ: You are required to wear a uniform.

3. I usually go straight to the check-in desk AS SOON AS I GET to an airport.

• As soon as: immediately at or shortly after the time that (ngay khi).
o Ví dụ: I will call you as soon as I arrive.

4. It was MORE THAN FIVE YEARS SINCE Patrick had heard from his uncle
in Australia.

• More than ... since: used to indicate the duration of time from a specific point in the past
to the present (khoảng thời gian tính từ một điểm trong quá khứ đến hiện tại).
o Ví dụ: It has been three years since we last met.

5. On business trips, I’d RATHER DRIVE HOME THAN STAY in a hotel

overnight.

• Would rather ... than: used to express a preference for one thing over another (thích cái
này hơn cái kia).
o Ví dụ: I would rather stay home than go out.

** Các cấu trúc tương tự:

• Prefer sth to sth: to like one thing more than another (thích cái gì hơn cái gì).
o Ví dụ: I prefer tea to coffee.
• Prefer doing sth to doing sth: to like doing one thing more than another (thích làm gì
hơn làm gì).
o Ví dụ: I prefer reading to watching TV.
• Would prefer to do sth: to like or want to do something more than something else (thích
làm gì).
o Ví dụ: I would prefer to stay home.
• Would prefer sb to do sth: to like or want someone to do something (thích ai làm gì).
o Ví dụ: I would prefer you to call me.
• Would rather do sth than do sth else: to like doing one thing more than another (thích
làm cái này hơn cái kia).
o Ví dụ: I would rather walk than drive.
• Would rather sb did sth: to express a preference for someone else’s action (muốn ai làm
gì đó).
o Ví dụ: I would rather you went home now.
• Would prefer to do sth rather than do sth: to like doing one thing more than another
(thích làm gì hơn làm gì khác).
o Ví dụ: I would prefer to eat out rather than cook at home.

6. Jack found it difficult to GET/HAVE/KEEP HIS SKIS UNDER CONTROL

on the steep slope.

7. The fashion model is SAID TO HAVE BEEN discovered by her agent while
working at a restaurant.

• Said to have been: a passive structure used to report what people say happened (được
cho là).
o Ví dụ: The artist is said to have been influenced by her travels.

8. Only FEW PLAYERS HAVE ACHIEVED such success in the world of ice
hockey.

Mở rộng:

• Succeed: to accomplish a goal or reach a desired outcome (thành công).

o Ví dụ: She succeeded in her mission to climb the mountain.
• Success: the accomplishment of an aim or purpose (sự thành công).
o Ví dụ: His success was due to his hard work and determination.
• Successful: achieving an aim or purpose (thành công).
o Ví dụ: The event was very successful.
• Succession: a number of things following one another in order (sự kế tiếp).
o Ví dụ: The company saw a succession of CEOs in a short period.
• Necessary: required, essential (cần thiết).
o Ví dụ: It is necessary to have a passport to travel internationally.
• Necessity: something that is needed (sự cần thiết).
o Ví dụ: Water is a necessity for life.
• Necessitate: to make something necessary (đòi hỏi, bắt phải).
o Ví dụ: Your weak pronunciation necessitates my teaching of this subject
phonetics.
o Ví dụ: Difficulties necessitate wisdom.

III. VOCABULARY
• Hobble: to walk in an awkward way due to pain or injury (đi khập khiễng).
o Ví dụ: He hobbled across the room on his injured leg.
• Grudge: (v) to feel resentful about something; (n) a persistent feeling of ill will (oán hận,
sự hận thù).
o Ví dụ: She still holds a grudge against him for the argument.
• Fray: (v) to wear out or become worn at the edge; (n) a fight or scuffle (sờn rách, cuộc ẩu
đả).
o Ví dụ: The cuffs of his shirt were fraying.
o Ví dụ: He got into a fray at the bar.
• Smudgy: smeared or marked with dirty streaks (bẩn, có vết bẩn).
o Ví dụ: The windows were smudgy and needed cleaning.
• Make all this fuss about: make a lot of noise or commotion about something.
o Ví dụ: She made all this fuss about the broken vase.
• Stretch out: to extend your body or part of your body to its full length (duỗi ra, kéo dài
ra).
o Ví dụ: He stretched out on the sofa for a nap.
Lecture note – Lesson 4

I. Review:
Past simple: we know that it’s finished
Present perfect simple: we don’t know when it’s finished
Present perfect continuous: started in the past and continue until the moment
we’re talking (It’s still happening)
II. MACHU PICCHU
Ex1:
- For over a century -> the time is unspecified
- In 1911 -> specified time in the past -> past simple
- They = archaeologist -> past simple
- In recent years -> unspecified time
PII become -> become
- In 1983 -> specified time
Ex2:
- Letter of application: đơn xin việc
0. Specified time: 3 December
1. Past simple/ past simple
2. Unspecified time and have the result
3. For months = it’s still going on
4. Unspecified time
5. In my first job = specified time
6. It’s still this year, the year hasn’t finished
7. Unspecified time
8. The last job -> specified time
9. A few months ago -> past simple
In yet -> still going on
10. Before -> Unspecified time
11. Past simple
12. Unspecified time
Ex3:
1. Present perfect (không xác định được thời gian cụ thể)
2. Present perfect
3. Present perfect
4. Present perfect
5. Present perfect
6. Past simple
7. Past simple
8. Past simple
9. Present perfect
10. In just a few minutes -> specified time -> past simple
11. For the last few days -> Present perfect continuous
12. Already this morning –> Present perfect continuous
III. Tenses
Past continuous
- For action in progress at a particular time in the past
Ex: At this time on Wednesday, I was learning with Mr. Giang Nguyen.
- For two or more actions happening at the same time in the past
- To set the scene or give background information in a story
- To say that something happened in the middle of something else
Past perfect continuous
Past perfect simple
- A part
When I arrived at school, the door keeper/guard/security officer had closed
the gate. Past before

IV. Vocabulary
Since: starting point: điểm khởi đầu
For: how long sth last
Over: trong vòng (không biết điểm khởi đầu)
Lecture note – Lesson 5
I. Review
1. Dùng for để nói how long a period of time lasts
- Used over and doing to indicate the period of time in which
something happens or develops
Ex: Since the middle of last year, there have been three tax
increases.
- Tax increase: tăng thuế

2. From….to/until/till
- to indicate when something starts and ends
Ex: I wait for ten to two

3. From and since

Ex: They were here from ten o’clock
They’ve been here since ten o’clock.
The difference between 2 sentences: used “from” when it is past
simple, used “since” in the present perfect

4. For
- For answer the question: How long?: used it with time
expression to talk about actions that last the whole of the period
of time
Ex he was with the company for forty years -> He has been with
the company for 40 years

5. During and while

- During is a preposition
Ex: We didn’t see anybody during the holiday (the happy holiday
= Noun phrase)
- While is a conjunction: we use it with a clause
Ex: We didn’t see anybody while we were on holiday.
 while we were on holiday
(we were on holiday = clause, not a full sentence because it has
“while”)
=> makes the sentence incomplete, it can’t stand alone.
=> An adverbial clause
 An independent is a full sentence
 A clause is a group of words that contains at least a subject
and a verb
Ex: while we were on holiday (dependent), she stayed at home
alone (independent)
=> A complete clause
- We also have before, although, though, even though,… ->
make a sentence dependent in the independent clause

6. Ago, already, before, still and yet

- Ago shows how long before the moment of speaking
something happened. We used it with the past simple, not the
present perfect. Ago comes after a time words or phrase
Ex: I came to Rome exactly 6 months ago.
- Already: show surprise that something happened sooner than
expected. We normally use it in affirmative sentences and
questions. We often use it with perfect tenses
Ex: I’ve tried that already
 Affimative sentecnes: câu khẳng định
- Still: tells us that sth is continuing and has not finished
Trong câu phủ định sẽ dùng từ “still”
Ex: We’ve been waiting for over an hour but she still isn’t here
(show frustration)
- Yet: use in negative sentences, to show something that we
expected to happen has not happened

II. Practice
Ex1:
1. We haven’t had a meal together for about a month.
Viết lại: It has been a month since we last had a meal together
2. During
3. During
4. While
5. During
6. For – indicate: how long?
7. Since 2009
8. Before
9. Already
10. Still
11. Yet
12. Ago
Ex2:
1. Since
Explain: “for” dùng để chỉ một khoảng thời gian, không dùng
“for” với một phrase đằng sau nó.
2. From
3. Until
4. Already
5. Before
6. For
7. Still
8. During
9. Yet
10. While
- gave up: bỏ cuộc, đầu hàng
11. Since
12. Since
13. Ago
14. Already
15. During

Ex3:
1. Ago
2. During
3. Before
4. For
5. From
6. Already
7. Yet
8. Still
9. Yet
10. Ago

Ex4:
1. The design of the building is similar to others that have
already been built.
2. I’m sorry, your dry cleaning isn’t ready yet.
3. Lucy asked me to email the office in Vienna but I’ve done it
already.
4. Do you still need any help?
5. I still haven’t told Sam about the accident.
6. It’s still raining, so there’s no point in going to the beach.
7. Has your uncle arrived yet?
8. I’ve already waited a whole hour and he hasn’t come yet.

LESSON 2: Suffixes
- Suffixes: hậu tố
- prefixes: tiền tố
- part of speech: từ loại:
+ noun: books…
+ verb: eat, drink
+ pronouns: he, she, we, they, you
+ adverb: happily, quickly
+ adjective: happy, hateful…
+ preposition: per, during,…
+ determiner: a, an, the, thus, that, then…
+ linking words (conjunction): furthermore, …(FANBOYS)
- neighborhood: hàng xóm, láng giềng
-> adjective of the word “neighbor”: neighborly = friendly to those
living close to you
- grate/grader: nạo, cạo sth

Practice
Ex1:
1. Photographer
2. Guitarist
3. Dishwasher
4. Ability
5. Friendship
6. Exploration
7. Arrangement
8. Actor
9. Building
10. Importance
11. Childhood
12. Excitement
13. Happiness
14. Trainee
15. Division
16. Performance
17. Tin-opener
18. Refugee
19. Kindness
20. Greatness

Ex2:
1. Employment
2. Equality
3. Politicians
4. Occupations
5. Employers
6. Qualifications: trình độ chuyên môn, bằng cấp
7. Treatment
8. Promotion
9. Achievements
10. Improvement
Lecture note - Lesson 6
I. New word: The Life of Ma Parker
- Grudge (n)= a feeling of anger/ dislike for a person who had treated you
badly
Ex: Bear a grudge against sb (v): cực kỳ ghét ai = have/a grudge against sb
hold
- Grudge (v) = think that sb does not desearve sth: Nghĩ rằng ai đó không
xứng đáng cái gì
Ex: I don’t grudge you your holiday: bạn không xứng đang có một kỳ nghỉ tệ
như vậy
- Fray (v): to become slightly separated: sờn vải, sờn rách
Ex: Jeans lent to fray. Denim frays so easily: vải quần bò bị sờn vải dễ dàng
Ex: I frayed the edges of my jeans since it was the fashion in those days
- wipe sth out = destroyed sth completely: phá hủy hoàn toàn
Ex: The storm wiped the whole village out (or: Whole villages were wiped
out in the storm)
- Hobble: đi tập tễnh = walk in an awkward way, legs are injured
- make a fuss about sth: làm om sòm lên = make some noises
- make a fuss of sb: làm cho ai nổi tiếng, nổi bật lên, dành nhiều sự chú ý cho
ai đó
- stretched out = reach out the hand: đưa tay ra
- literary (adj): văn học
- gigantic /ˌdʒaɪˈɡæn.tɪk/, chimney /ˈtʃɪm.ni/
- crust: vỏ
- smudgy = not very clear: mờ mờ
Ex: smudgy little windows
- immense = used to describe area, wide field: rộng lớn
Ex: immense expense sky of sad – looking sky: một vùng trời rộng lớn và
buồn
- stain = to leave a mark on sth
- broom: cái chổi
- remembered (special in terms of grammar):
+ remember doing sth: nhớ đã làm gì
+ remember to do sth: nhớ phải làm gì
+ danh từ của remember: rememberance: sự nhớ
- snatch away sth: cướp, tước cái gì đi
- sell up = sell your house: bán nhà

II. Practice
1. Question 35: D
Evidence: she’s slowly losing the memory of the place: kí ức của cô ấy
mờ nhạt, lụi tàn dần đi (fade out): “Nothing remained in her
memory….to see the star”
2. Question 36: C

III. Spin doctor

- spin doctor: someone whose job is to make ideas, events, especially in
politics
1. Question 37: E
- knack / næk/: phát âm không có âm /k/
- biking distance: quãng đường đạp xe đạp
2. Question 38: C
3. Question 39: F
- demonstrate /ˈdem.ən.streɪt/: to show sth: trình diến, quảng cáo
- he was a huge hit: ông ta là một sự kiện lớn
- he demonstrated tricks of his own devising: he made his own trick
- went out of business: closed down, bankrupt: phá sản
- elaborate configurations: cấu hình tinh tế, phức tạp
+ elaborate /iˈlæb.ər.ət/ (adj)
+ elaborate (v) = a further explain: giải thích thêm
+ configure (v) = to arrange something or put its parts together in a
particular form or arrangement: lên hình thù
- a flick of his wrist: anh ấy lắc cổ tay của mình
3. Question 40: A
4. Question 41: G
- patented design: certificate of legal invention: thiết kế đã được cấp bằng
sáng chế
- momentum: force of kicking, keep an object moving: quán tính
- balanced mass: trọng lượng cân bằng
+ mass: khối lượng, trọng lượng
- 6 weights = 6 things of the same weights: 6 quả nặng
- axle: cái trục
5. Question 42: B
- contraption: những vật cổ, vật gần như vứt đi
- mesmerising: thôi miên
- bicucle p arts: phụ tùng xe đạp
Industrial castoffs: đồ công nghiệp vứt đi
- Single - handedly: do everything on your own: một tay gây dựng nên sự
nghiệp
Lecture note – Lesson 7
I. New words
1. New words
- I’m focused: tôi đang rất tập trung
- totern pole: cái cột khắc nhiều vật: crave a lot of creatures
+ totem: vật tổ
- wobbling: lung lay
+ wobble (v): run cầm cập
- shuffle your toes over the edge
+ shuffle (v) = move slowly without pulling your leg of the ground:
bấm ngón chân xuống đất, không nhấc chân khỏi mặt đất
- back on the ground: trở lại mặt đất
- quacking: run rẩy, sợ hãi
- exceed: vượt quá
- the course: khóa học
- extraordinaire /ɪkˌstrɔː.dɪˈneər/ = someone who can do sth
+ extraordinary: người làm được những việc phi thường
+ extraordinary (a)
- to scale the highest peak = to climb up over sth: leo lên, tăng lên
- to snag the record (v): giật lấy kỉ lục
+ snag = get sth: giật lấy, giành lấy cái gì đấy
Ex: You are a snag = you are a problem
- a clamber /ˈklæm.bɚ/ (khác với từ climber /ˈklaɪ.mɚ/)
- clamber = climb up: leo trèo, trèo lên
- trapeze /trəˈpiːz/ = a bar hanging on two slopes
- acrobat: diễn viên nhào lộn
- eyes dilate: mắt mở to, trợn ngược
+ dilate (v): mở to, trợn ngược
- mouth goes dry: miệng khô khốc
- adrenalin: máu liều
- roughly the size of: chỉ sấp xỉ bằng
- to packs a lot into a small space: được gói gọn lại trong một không gian nhỏ
- the holds: điểm bám, chỗ bám
- a stairway to heaven: nấc thang lên thiên đường
- the rungs: xà ngang
- freefall platfoms: vùng rơi tự do
- incorporate sth into sth = input sth into sth: lồng ghép vào
+ corporate days out: ngày nghỉ của một công ty nào đó
- the armed forces: lực lượng vũ trang
- average (v): bình quân
- enthusiastic /ɪnˌθuː.ziˈæs.tɪk/ (a): hăng hái, nhiệt tình
+ enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuː.zi.æz.əm/ (n)
+ enthusiast /ɪnˈθuː.zi.æst/: người hăng hái, nhiệt tình
 chú ý hai âm /θ/ và /ð/. Ex: “thank” (/θæŋk/) vs “the” (/ðə/)
- set off to do sth = start to do sth: bắt đầu làm cái gì
- get cold feet: rén, không dám làm cái gì
- gain confidence (v) = become more confident
- push sb outside their comfort zone: đẩy ai đó ra khỏi vùng an toàn >< push
sb into the panic zone
- mentally damaging (a): tổn hại về tinh thần, sang chấn tâm lý
- full-body harness = body balance
- harness = a piece of equipment with straps and belts: dây bảo hiểm cơ thế
- it’s such a buzz: một tiếng brừ
- family harmony: sự hòa hợp gia đình
- somebody squeez: dồn ép nhau

2. IDIOM
- it’s all in a day’s work = sth difficult, unpleasant, unusual: cái gì rất là khó
chịu, không muốn làm
Ex: when forced to look after my baby brother, changing his napkin is all in a
day’s work
- to give it a miss (v) = avoid doing sth: bỏ qua, tránh, không muốn làm cái gì

II. Practice:
Ex 1:
1. B: dang hai tay ra để lấy lại cân bằng
Evidence: “I slowly stand up with my arms outstretched for balance”
2. A
Evidence: “The only days it closes are when winds exceed 70 mph, almost
enough to blow…”
3. C
Evidence: “It still gét me every time. Eyes dilate, mouth goes dry and
adrenalin goes everywhere”
4. D
Evidence: “All can be made easier or harder, according to ability,...” (Para 3)
5. B: avoid to do sth: tránh không làm cái gì
unwilling: rất miễn cưỡng
6. C
Evidence: “We want to push people outside their comfort zone and into the
adventure zone…”
7. C
Evidence: “Also reassuring is the 100 percent safety record”
8. B (para 7)
Evidence: “Not everything always goes according to plan”

Ex 2:
1. E
2. G
3. B
4. H
5. D
6. F
7. C