Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
CONCEPCION CAMPUS
Concepcion, Iloilo
GE 8: Ethics MYLA M. MADRONIAL
BEEd I, BSEd FILIPINO I, BSED MATH I INSTRUCTOR II
2ND Semester, 2021- 2022
Module 8 Lesson 1
7 Steps Moral Reasoning Model
Introduction
Moral reasoning can be defined as the process through which individuals try to
determine the differences between what is right and wrong by using logic. This is an important
and after daily process that people use when trying to do the right thing.
This module explains the topics in the seven steps of moral reasoning, model,
definition, of the types of moral reasoning.
Learning Outcomes
Your completion of this module, student, must have:
1. defined moral reasoning;
2. identified the 7 step moral reasoning model;
3. enumerated the types of moral reasoning and discuss each; and
4. applied the 7-step moral reasoning model in real life situation.
Learning Content
Seven step of moral reasoning model
1. Stop and think
2. Clarify Goals
3. Determine facts
4. Develop Option
5. Consider Consequences
6. Choose
7. Monitor and Modify
STOP AND THINK
o One of the most important steps to better decision is the oldest advice in the world:
think ahead
o To dry to first stop of momentum of events long enough to permit calm analysis so,
it’s necessary.
o It is a powerful tonic against poor but needs and require discipline.
o The simple technique designed to prevent foolish and impulsive behavior is the well-
worn formula to count to ten when angry and to a hundred when very angry.
o Stopping to think provides several benefits.
CLARIFY GOALS
o Clarify your short and long terms aims.
o Determine which of your many wants and don’t wants affected by the decision are the
most important.
DETERMINE FACTS
o Resolve what you know and what you need to know.
o Be prepared to get additional information
o Verify assumptions and other uncertain information
GUIDELINES IN DETERMINING FACTS
o Consider the reliability and credibility of the people providing the facts
o Consider the basis of the supposed facts
o Remember that assumptions, gassip and hearsay are not the same as facts
o Consider all perspective
o Seek out the opinions of people whose judgement and character you respect.
o Evaluate the information you have in terms of completeness and reliability
DEVELOP OPTIONS
o Make a list of options, a set of actions you can take to accomplish your goals
o Talk to someone you trust so you can broaden your perspective and think of new
ideas
o Be imaginative try to avoid “ dilemma”; not “yes” or “no” bur whom to go to, what to
say.
CONSIDER CONSEQUENCES
o Pillar-size your options
o Filter your choices through each of the six pillar of character
a. trustworthiness b. respect c. responsibility d. fairness e. caring and f. citizenship
o Identify the stakeholders- consider your choices from the point of view of the major
stakeholders.
CHOOSE
o It’s time to make decisions and see same strategies if your choices is not immediately
clear.
o Talk to people whose judgement you respect.
o What would the most ethical person you know do?
o What would you do if you were sure everyone would know?
o Golden rule: do unto to others as you would have them to unto you.
MONITOR AND MODIFY
o Since most at hard decisions use imperfect information and best effort predictions,
some of them will inevitable be wrong
o Ethical decision- makers monitor the effects of their choices.
o Re- Assess the situation and make new decisions, if it’s not producing the intended
results or are causing additional unintended and undesirable results.
DEFINITION
Moral reasoning applies critical analysis to specific events to determine what is right
or wrong, and what people ought to do in a particular situation. The term moral describe the
fact that people often reach strong moral conclusions that they cannot logically defend.
The moral behavior in values a number of internal process that are best developed
through warm, caring, parenting with clear and consistent expectations, emphasis on the
reinforcement of position behaviours rather than the punishment of negative ones, modelling
of moral behaviour by adult and creation of opportunities.
“Character is knowing the good, loving the good and doing the good”- Thomar Lickona
TYPES OF MORAL LEARNING
o Reasoning from Rule: Deontological Reasoning
o Reasoning from Consequences: Teleological Reasoning
o Reasoning from virtue: Ontological Reasoning
Deontology is a theory that suggests action are good or bad according to a clear set of
rules. Its name comes from the Greek word Deon, meaning daily. Actions that obey these rules
are ethical while action that do not are not. His work or personhood is an example of
deontology in practice.
Teleological means starting from the end and reasoning back explaining things based
on their end purpose. A teleological statement you have probably head before is “everything
happens for a reason” .
If you take a teleological view of humanity, you think human life has purpose and is
moving toward some good. Teleological ethics, ( Teleological from Greek Telos, “end”, logos, “
science” ), theory of morality that derives duty or moral obligation from what is good or
desirable as an end to be achieve.
Teleological is the study of the evidences of design or purpose, belief that purpose and
design are a part of or are apparent in nature.
A teleology is an account of a given things purpose. For example, a teleological
explanation of why forks have prongs is that this design helps human eat certain food,
staborning food to help humans eat is what forks are for.
Ontological reasoning means collaborative problem solving in which a communication
space is agreed upon by the participating agents pair to the communication actually taking
place. Gence, ontological reasoning implies collaborative problem solving in which several
simplifying assumptions take place.
As ontology deals with facts, relations and existence claims of any body of knowledge.
Learning Assessment
Filling the blanks: Fill the blanks with the correct answer. Write your answer in an extra
sheet.
1.______ Applies critical analysis to specific events to determine what is right or wrong, and
what people ought to do in a particular situation.
2.______ is a theory that suggests action which are good or bad according to a clear set of
rules.
3.______ is the study of the evidence of design or purpose the belief that purpose and design
are a part of or are apparent in nature.
4.______teological ethics come from a Greek word “ telos “ meaning______
5. And logos meaning______.
Essay: Give a real situation is your life whose you can apply the seven steps of moral
reasoning model and give the reason why you should apply these is real situation.
Rubrics:
Content 10points
Organization of Idea 3points
Language (Spelling and grammar) 2points
__________________________________________
Total 15points
References
Ethicsubwrapped.utexas.edu
www.healthofchildren.com
ethics.org.au
www.vocabulary.com,dictionary
www.britanica.com
scribd.com
