Section 1 , Module 1:

Reading and Writing 31:38

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The Al-Fattah Al-Aleem Mosque in the New 1 Mark for Review abc

Administrative Capital, Egypt, is a massive

mosque that can accommodate Which choice completes the text with
approximately 17,000 people at once, the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
making it an _____ sight to behold.

Ⓐ idealized

Ⓑ intricate

Ⓒ illusory

Ⓓ imposing

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:56
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The Lascaux Cave paintings-detailed 2 Mark for Review abc

paintiings of animals found in what is now

France and dating from around 17,000 years Which choice completes the text with
ago-are sometimes said to be emotionally the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
powerful despite their age, but in fact the
paintings arie ______ precisely because of
their age. It is the link of shared humanity Ⓐ ingenious
with the artists across so many centuries
that gives the Lascaux Cave paintings such
Ⓑ meticulous
resonance.

Ⓒ pristine

Ⓓ affecting

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:25
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Some robots such as Surena (developed in 3 Mark for Review abc

2008) and COMAN (developed in 2012)

feature humanoid characteristics like bipedal Which choice completes the text with
locomotion so that people will find it easier the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
to interact with them. While these features
can
help to _____ feelings of comfort in people, a Ⓐ engender
robot that looks too like human can fall into
the "uncanny valley;' meaning that its
Ⓑ constrict
appearance unintentionally unsettles those
who encounter it.
Ⓒ counterbalance

Ⓓ repudiate

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:07
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Text corpora such as the International 4 Mark for Review abc

Corpius of English are enormous collections

of electronically stored texts that can be Which choice completes the text with
used for empirical testing of hypotheses the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
regarding how ____ a word is in spoken and
written English. For instance, one might
have a guess about the incidence of the Ⓐ pervasive
word "first;' but only an analysis of a corpus
can prove that "first'' is the third most
Ⓑ credible
commonly used adjective.

Ⓒ assertive

Ⓓ profound

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 30:25
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The following text is adapted from Matthew Arnold's 5 Mark for Review abc

1869 nonfiction book Culture and Anarchy.

The Times [a British newspaper 1, replying to some Which choice best describes the function of the
foreign strictures on the dress, looks, and behavior of underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
the English abroad, urges that the English ideal is that
everyone should be free to do and to look just as he Ⓐ It suggests that opinions regarding
likes. But culture indefatigably tries, not to make culture change over time.
what each raw person may like the rule by which he
fashions himself; but to draw ever nearer to a sense
Ⓑ It asserts that the English are not as well
of what is indeed beautiful, graceful, and becoming,
known for their sense of taste as they ought to
and to get the raw person to like that. be.

Ⓒ It details an example that supports the

authors primary claim.

Ⓓ It presents an opinion with which the

author disagrees.

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Section 1 , Module 1: Reading and
Writing 29:54
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The bird species Myiobius barbatus (the bearded flycatcher), which 6 Mark for Review abc

forages in relatively dense vegetation, and Platyrinchus saturatus (

the cinnamon-crested spadebill), which forages in open areas or Which finding, if true, would most directly support Martinez
low-density vegetation, share territory in French Guiana with and colleagues' hypothesis?
Thainnomanes caesius (the cinereous antshrike), which emits a
loud alarm call when it detects predators. Biologist Ari Martinez Ⓐ When Martinez and colleagues played T caesius alarm
and colleagues, who studied the ecological community the species calls, M. barbatus and P. saturatus displayed no reaction,
share, hypothesized that there is an inverse relationship between whereas T caesius displayed predator-avoidance behavior.
birds' field of vision while foraging and their sensitivity to alarm
calls from neighboring species.
Ⓑ Many local bird species with similar foraging habits to
those of M barbatus displayed no reaction when Martinez
and colleagues played T. caesius alarm calls, whereas M.
barbatus displayed predatoravoidance behavior.

Ⓒ Some individuals of P. saturatus displayed predator-

avoidance behavior when Martinez and colleagues played T
caesius alarm calls, whereas nearly all did when M. barbatus
alarm calls were played.

Ⓓ P. saturatus displayed no reaction when Martinez land

colleagues played T. caesius alarm calls, whereas M. barbatus
displayed predator avoidance behavior in response to the
calls.

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Section 1 , Module 1: Reading
and Writing 29:31
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7 Mark for Review abc

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph

to complete the example?

Ⓐ Slovenia was greater in 2013 than in 2009,

whereas the number in the Dominican Republic was
lower in 2013 than in 2009.

Ⓑ Slovenia was greater in 2013 than in 2009,

whereas the number in Finland was the same in 2013 as
A report from an international organization that monitors the in 2009.
numbers of women serving as judges or magistrates on
various nations' highest courts, such as the Supreme court in
Finland and the Supreme Court in the Dominican republic. Ⓒ Finland was the same in 2013 as in 2009, but it
From 2009 to 2013, the number of women serving as justices had more women on its high courts than either Slovenia
or magistrates on highest courts in most countiries increased. or the Dominican republic did in 2013.
However, there are also countries where the number
decreased or remained unchanged; for example, ___
Ⓓ the Dominican Republic was lower in 2013 than
in 2009, whereas the number in Finland was the same in
2013 as in 2009.

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 29:05
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8 Mark for Review abc

Which choice most effectively uses data from the

table to complete the assertion?

Danijel Jug and colleagues found that tilling the practice Ⓐ Min Huang and colleagues reported an even
of turning soil with hoes, plows,, or other machines larger positive effect of no tilling on the yield of rice.
before planting crops-was associated with an increased
yield of winter wheat. But some studies of other crops
have found the opposite effect, for example _____ Ⓑ Bharat Sharma Acharya and colleagues found
a similar association in a study using soybeans.

Ⓒ crop yields with tilling have ranged from

2,420 kilograms per hectare for maize to 4,860
kilograms per hectare for winter wheat.

Ⓓ a study using winter wheat yielded 4,860

kilograms per hectare with tilling and only 3,910
kilograms per hectare without tilling.

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 28:45
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9 Mark for Review abc

Which choice best describes data in the table that

support the journalist's claim?

Population figures for a city can vary significantly

Ⓐ The UN estimated Bogota's population to be
depending on what areas are included in the count.
IT 10,574,000, which is significantly larger than the
Often, governments will report a value for the city
reported population for the city proper.
proper (including only residents within the city limits)
and another for the larger metropolitan area (including
residents from nearby places beyond the city limits). Ⓑ The metropolitan area of Bangkok is
Citing the data in the table, a journalist claims the significantly larger than 1,569 square kilometers.
population estimates from the United Nations (UN) most
likely included people outside the cities proper.
Ⓒ The reported city proper population of
Bogota be significant larger than the reported city
proper population of Houston.

Ⓓ All the city proper areas are below 3,000

square kilometers.

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 28:14
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The Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) 10 Mark for Review abc

seeks to discover long-term trends related to aging by

compiling and analyzing evidence from approximately Which choice most logically completes the text?
66,000 participants in multiple countries. As with most
longitudinal studies, extensive funding support is needed Ⓐ such studies are likely to be a lower priority
for SAGE to collect the relevant data over timescales and for funding than SAGE.
at intervals that will support robust conclusions. But the
quality of a more constrained investigation, such as a
Ⓑ the sociology study is unlikely to be able to
sociology study seeking only to yield the average age at
recruit 66,000 participants.
which people in a given city first become parents, is
much less dependent on high levels of funding because
____ Ⓒ expanding the scope of such studies is
unlikely to e feasible.

Ⓓ such studies are not trying to identify trends

over time.

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 27:42
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Anne Bronte's 1847 novel Agnes Grey contains 11 Mark for Review abc

elements drawn from Bronte's own life: therie are

many parallels between the experiences of the Which choice most logically completes the text?
novel's tide character and those of Bronte, and as a
result Agnes Grey is regularly descrilbed as an Ⓐ Agnes Grey is less of an imaginative
autobiographical novel. This characterization can be achievement than it actually is.
useful, but it also presents drawbacks in terms of how
the work is perceived, as it may lead readers to
Ⓑ the real-world counterparts of other
believe that Bronte merely fictionalized true events,
characters in Agnes Grey are hard to identify.
which, in an artistic field where creativity and
inventiveness are prized, can suggest that _____
Ⓒ Bronte should not have claimed that
Agnes Grey is based on real events.

Ⓓ critics disagree about whether Agnes

Grey shows greater originality than works
without autobiographical elements.

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 27:17
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Previous research has shown that plant species with a 12 Mark for Review abc

narrow geographical range tend to be more

genetically homogeneous than plant species with Which choice most logically completes the text?
extensive ranges are. Based on these findings,
researchers recently ran simulations to predict how Ⓐ several other Mammillaria species could
the genetic varialtion of several species of survive in Tarnaulipas in the future.
Mammillaria, a genus of cactus found throughout the
Americas, miglht change in different distribution
Ⓑ the genetic homogeneity of M.
conditions. One of these species, M. klissingiana, is
klissingiana decreased over time.
found only in the state of Tarnaulipas. The
researchers simulated what would happen if M.
klissingiana spread to new habitats outside Ⓒ there was a gradual increase in the
Tarnaulipas, and, consistent with previous findings, genetic homogeneity of Maminillaria species in
the results showed that______ states neighboring Tamaulipas.

Ⓓ Marnmillaria species other than M.

Klissingiana would become more common in
Tarnaulipas.

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Section 1 , Module 1: Reading
and Writing 26:47
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Arthurian legends (tales related to the character of King 13 Mark for Review abc

Arthur) derive from many sources, such as Annaies Cambriae,

composed around 970, and the Mabinogion from the 12th Which choice most logically completes the text?
and 13th centuries. One of the most significant sources,
Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain, was Ⓐ Malory did not use Annales Cambriae as a source
written in Latin in the 1130s; some material from it was later for information [when] he presented about the Round
adapted by the Norman poet Wa,ce into the Roman de Brut Table.
in 1155. But while no somce before 1155 includes references
to the famous Round Table at which Arthur's knights
Ⓑ Geoffrey of Monmouth's accounts of Arthurian
assembled, both the Roman de Brut and Sir Thomas Mallory's
legends in his History are more similar overall in content
15th-century compilation of Arthurian legends, Le Marte to the accounts in the Mabinogion than they are to the
d'Arthur, do. It can therefore be inferred that ______ accounts in Roman de Brut.

Ⓒ Geoffrey of Monmouth was unaware of stories of

the Round Table when composing his History, though
historians know that works containing such stories were
available to him.

Ⓓ Le More d'Arthur is more historically accurate

than History, because the Mabinogion had not been
written when Geoffrey of Monmouth was writing his
work.

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 26:28
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Few new parents ____ that their baby will 14 Mark for Review abc

someday become an astronaut. Yet if Jerry L.

Ross's parents had made this prediction Which choice completes the text with
when he was born in 1948, they would have the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
been correct, for NASA selected him for the
job in 1980.
Ⓐ disagree

Ⓑ ignore

Ⓒ require

Ⓓ anticipate

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 26:15
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The following text is from Kenneth 15 Mark for Review abc

Grahamce's 1908 novel The Wind in the

Willow. The Rat is looking for the Mole, his As used in the text, what does the word
friend, in the woodls. [The Rat] had patiently "guiding" most nearly mean?
hunted through the wood for an hour or
more, when at last to his joy he heard a little Ⓐ Withdrawing
answering cry. Guiding himself by the
sound, he made his way through the
Ⓑ Presenting
gathering darkness to the foot of an old
beech tree.
Ⓒ Instructing

Ⓓ Steering

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 25:54
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The writer Maya Angelou, along with others 16 Mark for Review abc

such as Lorenzo Thomas and Gwendolyn

Brooks, _ _ _ _ _ _ commonly associat,ed with Which choice completes the text so that
the Black Arts movement, a loose-knit group it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
of writers and artists active in the 1960s and
the 1970s who were interested in exploring
the Black American experience through their Ⓐ have been
work.

Ⓑ is

Ⓒ are

Ⓓ were

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 25:41
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Today, the Michelin Guide is widely known 17 Mark for Review abc

as the arbiter of fine dining, but when it was

created in 1889, it was little more than a Which choice completes the text so that
marketing gimmick; brothers Andre and it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
Edouard Michelin sought to increase profits
for their tire company by encouraging their
customers to drive across France, visiting Ⓐ influence
th,e guide's recommended hotels and
restaurants along the way. Nevertheless, the
Ⓑ influence,
guide soon grew in scope _ _ _ _ and its
modest French eateries were replaced with
some of the most esteemed restaurants Ⓒ influence, and
from around the world, including Ishikawa
in Tokyo and Jade Dragon in Macau.
Ⓓ influence and

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 25:14
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Writer Silvia Moreno-Garcia's love of short 18 Mark for Review abc

fiction began when she read a collection of

Edgar Allan Poe's stories as a child, and she Which choice completes the text so that
would develop into a prolific short story it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
writer herself, publishing pieces like
''Ahuizotl" (2015) and "Water" (2007). Yet
she's best known as novelist, in part due to Ⓐ novel (Mexican
her _ _ _ _ _ Gotlhic (2020) earning a spot on
the New York Times Best Sellers list.
Ⓑ novel Mexican

Ⓒ novel :Mexican

Ⓓ novel, Mexican

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 25:00
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Within Earth's biomes, there are four main 19 Mark for Review abc

types of deserts: arid, semiarid, coastal, and

cold. The Great Salt Desert in western Asia is Which choice completes the text so that
an arid_______ itisoneofthelargest deserts in it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
the world, with a total area of aboiut 77,000
km2.
Ⓐ desert, for example;

Ⓑ desert, for example,

Ⓒ desert; for example,

Ⓓ desert, for example

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 24:34
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Sociologist Alton Okinaka sits on the review 20 Mark for Review abc

board tasked with adding new sites to the

Hawaii Register of Historic Places, which Which choice completes the text so that
includes the Pufu'opae Bridge, built in 1915, it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
and the Ma'alaea General Store, built in
1910. Okinaka doesn't make such decisions
single-• handedly, _ _ _ _ _ historical Ⓐ however, all
designations must be approved by a group
of nine other experts.
Ⓑ however and all

Ⓒ however all

Ⓓ however. All

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 24:21
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After finding information about Harold 21 Mark for Review abc

Eugene Ford, who represented Tennessee in

the United States House of Representatives, Which choice completes the text so that
the student discovered biographical it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
sketches of two other Black Americans who
served in - - - - Harold Washington of Illinois
and Augustus (Gus) Freeman Hawkins of Ⓐ Congress.
California.

Ⓑ Congress;

Ⓒ Congress

Ⓓ Congress,

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Module 1:
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The Organisation for Economic Mark for abc
22
Co-operation and Review
Development (OECD) tracks
Which choice completes the
comparative price list data for
text so that it conforms to
its thirty-eight member
the conventions of
countries. According to this Standard English?
data, in July 2021, a "basket"
of goods and services priced at
Ⓐ nation Chile.
100 US dollars (USD) in the
United States would have cost
62 USD in fellow OECD Ⓑ nation: Chile
member _________.

Ⓒ nation, Chile

Ⓓ nation-Chile.

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Module 1:
Reading and 23:45
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"Of Names:' an essay by Mark for abc
23
French philosopher Michel de Review
Montaigne, explores a
Which choice completes the
relatively light subject, while
text with the most logical
his essay "Of the Punishment
transition?
of Cowardice" takes on heavier
fare. No matter the essay
Ⓐ For example,
topic, Montaigne challenges
his own ideas, beliefs, and
values. _ _ _ _ _ he questions his Ⓑ At that time,
own perspective, regardless of
subject matter.
Ⓒ Indeed,

Ⓓ However,

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 23:20
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Though Middle English was widely spoken in 24 Mark for Review abc

fourteenth-century England, the language

was rarely employed in literature until poet Which choice completes the text with
Geoffrey Chaucer helped pioneer its literary the most logical transition?
use. _ _ _ _ _ his manuscripts contain the first
documented uses of over 2,000 English Ⓐ However,
words-like the word "exaltation" in his 1386
poem "The Squire's Tale"-which led a
Ⓑ That being said,
contemporary to dub him "the first finder of
our fair language."
Ⓒ Besides,

Ⓓ Indeed,

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Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 23:07
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Built at a scale of 1:110, the Eiffel Tower in 25 Mark for Review abc

Baku, Azerbaijan, is one of many replicas of

the famous Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. Which choice completes the text with
_______ towers like the Metallic Tower of the most logical transition?
Fourviere in Lyon, France, though not exact
replicas, pay homage to the Eiffel's iconic Ⓐ On the contrary,
spire-like design.

Ⓑ Consequently,

Ⓒ Invariably,

Ⓓ Moreover,

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Section 1 , Module 1: Reading
and Writing 22:31
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While researching a topic, a student has taken 26 Mark for Review abc

the following notes:

The student wants to begin a narrative about Merle
Oberon's life. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
• Merle Oberon (1911-1979) was an actress information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
born in Mumbai (then known as Bombay),
India. Ⓐ Merle Oberon's story begins in Mumbai (then
• She was of Indian, Maori, and Irish known as Bombay), India, in 1911.
heritage.
• She was the first Indian-born actress to be
nominated for an Academy Award. Ⓑ Merle Oberon appeared in many films, including
Aren't We All? (1932) and Affectionately Yours (1941),
• Early in her career, she played many
and was the first Indian-born actress to be nominated
nameless, uncredited roles, such as her for an Academy ward.
role in Aren't We All? (1932).
• Later, she played many named, creditedl
roles, such as Sue Mayberry in Ⓒ In 1941, Merle Obero played the role of Sue
Affectionately Yours (1941). Mayberry in the film Affectionately Yours.

Ⓓ Though she would go on to receive many films,

Merle Oberon also played nameless, uncredited roles in
many films such as the movie Aren't we all? (1932).

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Section 1 , Module 1: Reading
and Writing 22:16
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While researching a topic, a student has taken 27 Mark for Review abc

the following notes:

The student wants to emphasize the duration of
Rhinebeck and Larreynaga's sister city relationship.
• Sister cities are pairs of cities that form Which choice most effectively uses relevant information
social or legal partnerships to promote from the notes to accomplish this goal?
each other's cultures.
• Previously known as "town twinning;' the Ⓐ Since the end of world war II, sister cities such as
concept of sister cities evolved in Europe Rhinebeck, New York, and Larreynaga, Nicaragua, have
after World War II as a way to repair continued to form social partnership to promote each
other's cultures.
bonds between cities.
• Many cities in New York State maintain
such partnerships with cities around the Ⓑ As sister cities, Rhinebeck, New York, and
world. Larreynago, Nicaragua, have engaged in cultural
• Rhinebeck, New York, and Larreynaga, exchange and partnership since 1989.
Nicaragua, became sister cities in 1989.

Ⓒ Larreyna, which in 1089 became a sister city-or

"twin town'' -to Rhinebeck, New York, is located in
Nicaragua.

Ⓓ Despite their distance from each other, the sister

cities of Rhinebeck, New York, and Larreyna Nicaragua
have enjoyed the same partnership as many other sister
cities.

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