INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL, RIYADH

WORKSHEET
UNIT 1
ELECTROSTATICS
Chapter 1: ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS

1. Positive and negative point charges of equal magnitude are kept at (0,0,a/2) and (0,0,-a/2)
respectively. The work done by the electricfield when another positive point charge is moved
from (-a,0,0)to (a,0,0) is
a. zero
b. depends on the path connecting the initial and final positions
c. negative
d. Positive

2. Electrostatic force is
a. force exerted by one charge on another when the two are at rest in a given frame of
reference
b. force exerted by an electron on a neutron c. force exerted by one charge on another
when the two are accelerating in a given frame of reference
d. force exerted by one charge on another when the two are movingin a given frame of
reference

3. Conductors are materials

a. that allow movement of protons
b. that allow movement of electrons
c. that allow movement of neutrons
d. that allow only random movement of electrons

4. Ionization of a neutral atom is the

a. only gain of one or more neutrons
b. gain or loss of one or more electrons
c. only gain of one or more electrons
d. only gain of one or more protons

5. Consider a uniform electricfield E = 3 X 103 N/C . (a) What is the flux of this field through a
square of 10 cm on a side whose plane is parallel to the yz plane? (b) What is
the flux through the same square if the normal to its plane makes a 60 degree angle with the x-
axis? 1
a. 30 Nm2/ C , 15 Nm2/ C
b. 20 Nm2/ C , 15 Nm2/ C
c. 40 Nm2/ C , 15 Nm2/ C
d. 30 Nm2/ C , 25 Nm2/ C
6. How does the electricflux due to a point charge enclosed by a spherical Gaussian surface get
affected when its radius is increased?
7. Is the Coulomb force that one charge exerts on another changes if other charges are
brought nearby?
8. What is the electricflux through a cube of side 1 cm which encloses an electricdipole?
9. Why do the electrostatic field lines not form closed loop?

10. Given a uniform electricfield 5 X 103î NC-1, find the flux of this field through a square of 10
cm on a side whose plane is parallelto the YZ-plane. What would be the fluxthrough the same
square if the plane makes an angle of 30o with the X-axis?

11. What is the dimensional formul for ϵ0 ?

12. It is now believed that protons and neutrons (which constitute nuclei of ordinary matter)
are themselves built out of more elementary units called quarks. A proton and a neutron
consists of three quarks each. Two types of quarks, the so called 'up' quark (denoted by u) of
charge + (2/3) e, and the 'down' quark (denoted by d) of charge , together with electrons build
up ordinary matter. (Quarks of other types have also been found which give rise to different
unusual varieties of matter). Suggest a possible quark composition of a proton and a neutron

13. Point charges having values 0.1μC , 0.2μ C , -0.3 μC and -0.2μ C are placed at the corners A,
B, C and D respectively of a square of side one meter. Calculate the magnitude of the force on
a charge of +1 μC placed at the center of the square.

14. A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 2.4 m diameter has a surface charge
densityof 80 μC/m2
a. Find the charge on the sphere.

b. What is the total electricflux leaving the surface of the sphere?

Chapter 2:Electrostatic Potential and Capacitances

1. Which of the following is true about equipotential lines. Electric field lines are
a. parallel to equipotential lines
b. opposite to equipotential lines
c. tangential to equipotential lines
d. perpendicular to equipotential lines

2. At the surface of a charged conductor, electrostatic field must be 2

a. normal to the surface at every point
b. never normal to the surface at every point
c. tangential to the surface at every point
d. parallel to the surface at every point

3. The dielectric constant K of an insulator can be

a. 4.0
b. -4.0
c. 0.4
d. 0.0

4. If one penetrates a uniformly charged solid metallic sphere, the electricfield

strength E
a. is zero at all points
b. decreases
c. remains the same as at the surface
d. increases

5. A semi-circular arc of radius 'a' is charged uniformly and the charge per unit lengths is λ .
The electricfield at the centre is:

a. λ / 2πє0 a2
b. λ / 4πє0 a

c. λ / 2πє0 a

D λ2/ 2πє0 a2
6. What is the shape of the equipotential surfaces for a uniform electric field ?

7. What will be the effect on capacity of a parallel plate condenser when area of each plate is
doubled and distance between them is also doubled?

8. Is potential difference a scalar or a vector?

9. Two uniformly large parallel thin plates having charge densities σ and - σ are kept in the
X Z- plane at a distance d apart. Sketch an equipotential surface due to electric field
between the plates. If a particle of mass m and charge q remains
stationary between the plates. What is the magnitude and direction of this field?

10. Two parallel plate capacitors of capacitances C1 and C2 such that C1 = 2C2 are connected
across a battery of V volt as shown in the figure. Initially,the key (k) is kept closed to fully
charge the capacitors. The key is now thrown open and a dielectric slab of dielectric constant
K is inserted in the two capacitors to completely fill the gap between the plates. Find the ratio
of i. the net capacitance and ii. the energies stored in the combination before and after the
introduction of the dielectric slab. 3
11. What is meant by capacitance? Give its SI unit.

12. Define an equipotential surface. Draw equipotential surfaces i. in case of a

single point charge
ii. in a constant electricfield in Z-direction. Why the equipotential surfaces about a single
charge are not equidistant? iii. Can electricfield exist tangential to an equipotential
surface? Give reason.

13. A parallelplate capacitor is charged to a potential difference V by a DC source. The

capacitor is then
disconnected from the source. If the distance between the plates is doubled, state with
reason, how the following will changei. Electric field between the plates? ii. Capacitance? iii.
Energystored in the capacitor?

14. Four capacitors of values 6 µF, 6 µF, 6 µF and 2 µF are connected to a 6 V battery as
shown in the figure.
Determine the
(i) equivalent capacitance of the network.
(ii) charge on each capacitor.

Chapter 3 Current Electricity

1. If the length of the filament of a heater is reduced by 10% the power of the heater will
________
a. increase by about 19%
b. Increase by about 11%
c. Increase by about 9%
d. decrease by about 29%
2.A Wheatstone bridge ABCD is balanced with a galvanometer between the points B and D. At
balance the resistance between the points B and D is: 4

a. None of these
b. Zero
c. Between zero and infinite
d. Infinite

3. Which can be the units of Resistivity?

a. Meter Ampere / Volt

b. VOLT AMPERE/ METER

c. VOLT metRE/ A
d. VOLT X AMPERE

4. Graph showing the variation of current versus voltage for a material GaAs is shown in
the figure. Identify the region

i. of negative resistance.
ii. where Ohm's law is obeyed

5. Plot a graph showing the variation of resistivity of a conductor with temperature.

6. How does the random motion of free electrons in a conductor get affected when
a potential difference is applied across its ends?

7. A wire of uniform cross-section and resistance 4 ohm is bent in the shape of square
ABCD. Point A is connected to a point P on DC by a wire AP of resistance 1 ohm. When
a potential difference is applied between A and C, the points B and P are seen to be at
the same potential. What is the resistance of the part DP?

8. A high tension (HT) supply of say 6 kV must have a very large internal resistance. Why?

9. A battery of emf 10 V and internal resistance is connected to a resistor. If the current in

the circuit is 0.5 A, what is the resistance of the resistor? What is the terminal voltage
of the battery when the circuit is closed?
5
10. Twelve cells each having the same emf are connected in series and are kept in a closed
box. Some of the cells are wrongly connected. This battery of cells is connected in series
with an ammeter and two cells identical with the others of previous cells. The current is
3A when the cells and the battery add each other and is 2 A when the cells and the
battery oppose each other. How many cells in the battery are wrongly connected?

11. Study the following circuit, Values of r1, r2 and r3 are 1 ohm, 2 ohm and 3 ohm
respectively. A resistor R is connected across the points C and D. What should be the
value of R for which the resistance of the network across AB is R?

12. A network of resistors is connected to a 16 V battery of internal resistance of 1 as shown in

the figure.

i. Compute the equivalent resistance of the network.

ii. Obtain the voltage drops VAB and VCD.
13. Deduce the condition for balance in a Wheatstone bridge. Using the principle of Wheatstone
bridge, describe the method to determine the specific resistance of a wire in the laboratory.
Draw the circuit diagram and write the formula used. Write any two important precautions you
would observe while performing the experiment.

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

(Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism,
Chapter-5: Magnetism and matter)
SECTION A ( 1 Mark Questions )

1. A charged particle is moving in a cyclotron, what effect on the radius of path of

this charged particle will occur when the frequency of the ratio frequency field is
doubled?
(a) It will also be doubled.
(b) It will be halved.
(c) It will be increased by four times.
(d) It will remain unchanged.

2. The correct plot of the magnitude of magnetic field B vs distance r from centre of
6
the wire is, if the radius of wire is R
3. A short bar magnet has a magnetic moment of 0. 65 J T-1, then the magnitude and
direction of the magnetic field produced by the magnet at a distance 8 cm from
the centre of magnet on the axis is
(a) 2.5 × 10-4 T, along NS direction
(b) 2.5 × 10-4 T along SN direction
(c) 4.5 × 10-4 T, along NS direction
(d) 4.5 × 10-4 T, along SN direction

4. A moving coil galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by

(a) introducing a shunt resistance of large value in series.
(b) introducing a shunt resistance of small value in parallel.
(c) introducing a resistance of small value in series.
(d) introducing a resistance of large value in parallel.

5. Two a-particles have the ratio of their velocities as 3 : 2 on entering the field. If
they move in different circular paths, then the ratio of the radii of their paths is
(a) 2 : 3
(b) 3 : 2
(c) 9 : 4
(d) 4 : 9
6. There is a coil of radius 4 cm and of 20 turns carries a current of 3 amperes. The
coil is placed in a magnetic field that has an intensity of 0.5 weber/m 2. What is the
magnetic dipole moment of the coil?

a) 0.45 ampere meter2(Am2)

b) 0.6 ampere meter2(Am2)
c) 0.15 ampere meter2(Am2)
d) 0.3 ampere meter2(Am2)
7. If an electron is projected with uniform velocity along the axis of a current
carrying a long solenoid. Which of the following statements satisfy it?
a) The electron path will be circular about the axis
b) The electron will be accelerated along the axis
c) An electron will continue to move with uniform velocity along the axis of the7
solenoid
d) An electron will experience a force at angle 450 to the axis and execute a
helical path as a result
8. If the magnetizing field on a ferromagnetic material is increased, its permeability
a) decreases
b) increases
c) remains unchange
d) first decreases and then increases
9. A long straight wire of circular cross section of radius a carries a steady current I.
The current is uniformly distributed across its cross section. The ratio of the
magnitudes of magnetic field at a point distant a/2 above the surface of wire to
that at a point distant a/2 below its surface is
a) 4 :1
b) 1:1
c) 4: 3
d) 3 :4
10.Which of the following pairs is that of paramagnetic materials?
a. Copper and Aluminium
b. Sodium and Calcium
c. Lead and Iron
d. Nickel and Cobalt

11.Assertion (A): The energy of a charged particle moving in a magnetic field does not
chanReason (R) : It is because the work done by the magnetic force on the charge moving in a
magnetic field is zero.
12. Assertion: The net magnetic force experienced by a current carrying loop in a uniform
magnetic field is always zero.
Reason: A current carrying loop placed in a uniform magnetic field never experiences a
Torque.
SECTION B (2 MARKS)

13. A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown in figure when two specimens A and
B are placed in it. (i)Identify the specimen A and B. (ii) How is the magnetic susceptibility
of specimen A different from that of specimen B?

14.Derive an expression for magnetic force F acting on a straight conductor of length L

carrying current I in an external magnetic field B. Is it valid when the conductor is in zig-zag
form? Justify.
15. Out of two magnetic materials A has relative magnetic permeability slightly greater than
unity while B has less than unity. Identify the nature of materials A and B. Will their
8
susceptibilities be positive or negative?

SECTION C(3 MARKS)

1. Two long straight parallel conductors carrying currents I1 and I2 are separated by a
distance d. If the currents are flowing in the same direction, show how the magnetic field
produced by one exerts an attractive force on the other. Obtain the expression for this
force and hence define 1 ampere.
2. An electron moving with a velocity = (1.0 x 107 m/s)î + (0.5 x 107)j m/s)enters a region of
uniform magnetic field B = (0.5 mT)j. Find the radius of the circular path described by it.
While rotating; does the electron trace a linear path too? If so, calculate the linear
distance covered by it during the period of one revolution.
3. Two long straight parallel wires separated by 20 cm, carry 5 A and 10 A current
respectively, in the same direction. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic
field at a point midway between them.
4. Two charges A and B, each having a velocity of v, traverse circular paths in a uniform
magnetic field as shown below.

(a) Compare the charge-to-mass ratio of the two particles A and B. Show the necessary
mathematical calculations. (b) Which of the two particles is likely to be a proton if the
other is an alpha particle? Give reason.

SECTION D(Case study-4 marks)

A galvanometer is used in an electric circuit to detect current and in some experiments to locate
the null point. The galvanometer cannot be used as such to measure the value of current. A
galvanometer is a very sensitive device. It gives full scale deflection even for a very small current
of the order of few microamperes. On the passage of a large current the galvanometer may get
damaged either due to the breaking of the pointer or the coil may burn due the production of
the excessive heat. A galvanometer can be converted an ammeter by the use of a shunt
resistance.
1. How is a moving coil galvanometer converted into an ammeter of desired range?
(a) Connecting a shunt resistance in series
(b) Connecting a shunt resistance in parallel
(c) Connecting large resistance in series
(d) Connecting a large resistance in parallel
2. A moving coil galvanometer of resistance G gives a full-scale deflection for a current Ig. 9It
is converted into an ammeter of range 0-I ampere. What should be the value of shunt
resistance to convert it into an ammeter of desired range?
3. Which one will have the greatest resistance, a micro-ammeter, a milli-ammeter, or an
ammeter?
(a) Microammeter
(b) Milliammeter
(c) Ammeter
(d) All will have the same resistance
4. The sensitivity of a galvanometer is 60 div/ampere. When a shunt resistance is
connected its current sensitivity decreases to 10 div/ampere. What will be the shunt
resistance if the resistance of the galvanometer is 20ohm?
(a) 4 ohm
(b) 5 ohm
(c) 4.5 ohm
(d) 5.5 ohm
OR
An ammeter reads up to 1 ampere. Its internal resistance is 0.81 ohm. To increase the
range to 10A, the value of the required shunt is
(a) 0.9 ohm
(b) 0.09 ohm
(c) 0.03 ohm
(d) 0.3 ohm

SECTION E(5 MARKS)

1. State and explain Ampers circuital law.

The given figure shows a long straight wire of a circular cross-section (radius a) carrying steady
current I. The current I is uniformly distributed across this crosssection. Calculate the magnetic
field in the region r < a and r > a.

2. State biot savarts law. Use Biot-Savart law to derive the expression for the magnetic field on
the axis of a current carrying circular loop of radius R.
Draw the magnetic field lines due to a circular wire carrying current I. 1
0
Unit IV

Chapter 6:Electromagnetic Induction

Chapter 7: Alternating Currents

SECTION A(1 MARK)

1. A rectangular, a square, a circular and an elliptical loop, all in the (x-y) plane, are moving
out of a uniform magnetic field with a constant velocity 𝑣⃗ = v𝚤�̂.The magnetic field is
directed along the negative z-axis direction. The induced emf, during the passage of
these loops, out of the field region, will not remain constant for
(i) any of the four loops
(ii) the circular and elliptical loops
(iii) the rectangular, circular and elliptical loops
(iv) only the elliptical loops

2. Two coils are placed near each other. When the current in one coil is changed at the rate
of 5 A/s, an emf of 2 mV is induced in the other. The mutual inductance of the two coils
is
(A) 0.4 mH
(B) 2.5 mH
(C) 10 mH
(D) 2.5 H
3. An iron cored coil is connected in series with an electric bulb with an AC source as shown
in figure. When iron piece is taken out of the coil, the brightness of the bulb will
(i) decrease
(ii) increase
(iii) remain unaffected
(iv) fluctuate
4. An ac voltage is applied across an ideal inductor. The current in it
(A) leads the voltage by 1/4 cycle.
(B) lags the voltage by ¼ cycle.
(D) the voltage by ½ cycle.
(C) leads the voltage by ½ cycle.
5. A coil of area of cross-section 0.5 m² is placed in a magnetic field acting normally to its
plane. The field varies as B = 0.5t ^ 2 + 2t where B is in tesla and t in seconds. The emf
induced in the coil at t = 1s is

(A) 0.5V 1
(B) 1.5 V 1
(C) 1.0 V
(D) 3.0 V
6. A pure resistor is connected to an AC power source as shown below. Which of the
following statement(s) is/are TRUE?
I: The average current flowing through the circuit during one full cycle is zero.
II: The current in the resistor leads the voltage by π/2.
III: The average power dissipated by the resistor is zero.
A. only I
B. only I and II
C. only II and III
D. all - I, II and III
7. Three loops as shown below move into the magnetic field with a velocity v.

In which loop(s) will the induced emf be the largest at the instant when the loops enter
the magnetic field?
A. only P
B. only Q
C. only P and Q
D. only Q and R

SECTION B(2 MARKS)

8. In a coil of resistance 100  a current is induced by changing the magnetic flux through
it. The variation of current with time is as shown in the figure. What is he magnitude of
change in flux through coil ?
9. Define mutual inductance
Two circular loops, one of small radius r and other of larger radius R, such that R >> r, are
placed coaxially with centres coinciding. Obtain the mutual inductance of the
arrangement.
10. Plot a graph to show the variation of current with frequency of the ac source , explaining
the nature of its variation for two different resistances R1 and R2 (R1< R2) at resonance.
1
2

SECTION C(3 MARKS)

11. An a.c. source generating a voltage ε = ε0 sin ωt is connected to a capacitor of
capacitance C. Find the expression for the current I flowing through it. Plot a graph of ε
and I versus t to show that the current is ahead of the voltage by π/2.
12. An ac voltage V = V0 sin t is applied across a pure inductor of inductance L. Find an
expression for the current i, flowing in the circuit and show mathematically that the
current flowing through it lags behind the applied voltage by a phase angle of 2  . Also
draw graphs of V and i versus t for the circuit.
13. The magnetic field through a circular loop of wire, 12cm in radius and 8.5Ω resistance,
changes with time as shown in the figure. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane
of the loop. Calculate the current induced in the loop and plot a graph showing induced
current as a function of time

14. A metal rod of length 2 m is rotated with a frequency 60 rev/s about an axis passing
through its centre and perpendicular to its length. A uniform magnetic field of 2T
perpendicular to its plane of rotation is switched-on in the region. Calculate the e.m.f.
induced between the centre and the end of the rod.
15. A circular ring of diameter 0.2 m is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.4 T. The ring is
rotated about its diameter at a frequency of 60 Hz. (a) If the ring has 50 turns, then what
is the maximum induced emf in the ring? (b) State one condition under which the
induced emf in the circular ring will be zero?
16. A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source. Using the phasor diagram, derive the
expression for the impedance of the circuit.

SECTION D( Case study 4 MARKS)

Lenz's law states that the direction of induced current in a circuit is such that it opposes
the change which produces it. Thus, if the magnetic flux linked with a closed circuit
increases, the induced current flows in such a direction that magnetic flux is created in
the opposite direction of the original magnetic flux. If the magnetic flux linked with the
closed circuit decreases, the induced current flows in such a direction so as to create

1
3
magnetic flux in the direction of the original flux.

(i) Which of the following statements is correct?

(a) The induced e.m.f is not in the direction opposing the change in magnetic flux so as to oppose the cause w
(b) The relative motion between the coil and magnet produces change in magnetic flux.
(c) Emf is induced only if the magnet is moved towards coil.
(d) Emf is induced only if the coil is moved towards magnet
(ii) The polarity of induced emf is given by

(a) Ampere's circuital law (b) Biot-Savart law

(c) Lenz's law (d) Fleming's right hand rule
(iii) Lenz's law is a consequence of the law of conservation of

(a) charge (b) mass (c) momentum (d) energy

(iv) Near a circular loop of conducting wire as shown in the figure, an electron moves along a
straight line. The direction of the induced current if any in the loop is

(a) variable (b) clockwise

(c) anticlockwise (d) zero
(v) Two identical circular coils A and B are kept in a horizontal tube side by side without
touching each other. If the current in coil A increases with time, in response, the coil B.
(a) is attracted by A (c) is repelled
(c) is repelled (d) rotates

SECTION E (5MARKS) 1
4
17. You are given three circuit elements X, Y and Z. They are connected one by one across a
given ac source. It is found that V and I are in phase for element X. V leads I by for
element Ywhile I leads V by for element Z. Identify elements X, Y and Z. (ii) Establish the
expression for impedance of circuit when elements X, Y and Z are connected in series to
an ac source.Show the variation of current in the circuit with the frequency of the
applied ac source. ( iii) In a series LCR circuit, obtain the conditions under which (i)
impedance is minimum and (ii) wattless current flows in the circuit.
18. Describe the construction and working of a transformer and in terms of number of turns
of hence obtain the relation for primary and secondary. Discuss four main causes of
energy loss in a real transformer.
19. An inductor of inductance 'L' is connected to an AC source, V = 100 sin ωt. The graph
below represents the variation of inductive reactance (XL) of the inductor with the
frequency of an alternating source.
(a) What is the self-inductance of the inductor?
(b) If the ac source is replaced by a battery such that V = 100 V, then what is the
inductive reactance of the inductor? Give reason.
(c) When the frequency is 50 Hz, what is the average power dissipated by the inductor
over a complete cycle in the circuit? Justify your answer.
(d) This inductor is connected in series with a resistance of 15 Ω and a capacitor of 5 μF.
The frequency of the alternating source is varied such that the power dissipated in the
circuit becomes maximum. Calculate the frequency and the phase difference between
alternating voltage and current when the power dissipated is the maximum.

20. A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source having voltage e = e0 sin t. Derive the
expression for the instantaneous current and its phase relationship to the applied
voltage. Obtain the condition for resonance to occur. (b) In a series LCR circuit,
impedance is the same at two frequencies f1 and f2. Show, that the resonant frequency
is √f1f2

Unit V:Chapter 8: Electromagnetic waves

SECTION A (1 MARK)

1. Which of the following statement is NOT true about the properties of electromagnetic
waves?
a) These waves do not require any material medium for their propagation
1
b) Both electric and magnetic field vectors attain the maxima and minima at the same time
5
c) The energy in electromagnetic wave is divided equally between electric and magnetic
fields
d) Both electric and magnetic field vectors are parallel to each other
2. The electromagnetic waves used to purify water are
(A) Infrared rays
(B) Ultraviolet rays
(C) X-rays
(D) Gamma rays
3. The diagram below shows the electric field (E) and magnetic field (B) components of an
electromagnetic wave at a certain time and location.

The direction of the propagation of the electromagnetic wave is

(a) perpendicular to E and B and out of plane of the paper
(b) perpendicular to E and B and into the plane of the paper
(c) parallel and in the same direction as E
(d) parallel and in the same direction as B
SECTION B (2 MARKS)

4. Electromagnetic waves with wavelength (i) λ1 is suitable for radar systems used in
aircraft navigation. (ii) λ2 is used to kill germs in water purifiers. (iii) λ3 is used to improve
visibility in runways during fog and mist conditions. Identify and name the part of the
electromagnetic spectrum to which these radiations belong.Also arrange these
wavelengths in ascending order of their magnitude.
5. Suppose that the electric field part of an electromagnetic wave in vacuum is E= [3.1 N/C]
cos [(1.8 rad/m)y + 5.4 × 108 rad/s)t] (a) What is the direction of propagation of
electromagnetic wave? (b) What is the wavelength of electromagnetic wave?
6. Arrange the following electromagnetic radiations in ascending order of their frequencies:
(i) Microwave
(ii) Radiowave
(iii) X-rays
(iv) Gamma rays
Write two uses of any one of these

SECTION C(3 MARKS)

7.
a. Name the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which are (i) also known as heat
waves' and (ii) absorbed by ozone layer in the atmosphere.
b. Write briefly one method each, of the production and detection of these
radiations.
8. Name the part of the electromagnetic spectrum which are i)stopped by face mask worn1
by welders.(ii) used in detectors in Earth satellites,(iii) used in 'short-wave band' in 6
communication.Also write the order of wavelengths, in each case.
9. How does a charge q oscillating at certain frequency produce electromagnetic waves?
Sketch a schematic diagram depicting electric and magnetic fields for an electromagnetic
wave propagating along the Z-direction.

SECTION D(Case study-4 MARKS)

In an electromagnetic wave both the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to
the direction of propagation, that is why electromagnetic waves are transverse in
nature. Electromagnetic waves carry energy as they travel through space and this
energy is shared equally by the electric and magnetic fields. Energy density of an
electromagnetic waves is the energy in unit volume of the space through which the
wave travels.
(i) The electromagnetic waves propagated perpendicular to both E and B. The
electromagnetic waves travel in the direction of

a)E.B b)EXB
c)B.E d)BXE

(ii) Fundamental particle in an electromagnetic wave is

(a) photon (b) electron

(c) phonon (d) proton
(iii) Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature is evident by

(a) polarisation (b) interference

(c) reflection (d) diffraction
(iv) For a wave propagating in a medium, identify the property that is independent
of the others.

(a) velocity (b) wavelength

(c) frequency (d) all these depend on each other
(v) The electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic waves are
(a) in opposite phase and perpendicular to each other
(b) in opposite phase and parallel to each other
(c) in phase and perpendicular to each other
(d) in phase and parallel to each other.

UNIT VI

(CHAPTER 9: RAY OPTICS & OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

CHAPTER 10: WAVE OPTICS) 1

SECTION A ( 1 Mark Questions ) 7

1. An equiconvex lens of focal length 15 cm is cut into two halves as shown in figure. Find
the focal length of each part?

(a) -30cm (b) -20cm

(c) 30cm (d) -15cm
Ans. (c)

2. How does the focal length of a convex lens changes if mono chromatic red light is
used instead of violet light?
(a) Focal length is increased when red light is used
(b) Focal length is decreased when red light is used
(c) Focal length is remain same when red light is used
(d) Not depends on color of light.

Ans. (a)
3. A glass lens is immersed in water. What will be the effect on the power of lens?
(a) increase (b) decrease
(c) constant (d) not depends
Ans. (b)

5. How does the magnifying power of a telescope change on increasing the linear
diameter of its objective?
(a) Power increases on increasing diameter
(b) Power decreases on decreasing diameter
(c) Power doesn’t depend on diameter
Ans. (c)
6. An astronomical telescope has a large aperture to:
(a) increase span of observation
(b) have low dispersion
(c) reduce spherical aberration
(d) have high resolution.
Ans-d
7. The optical density of turpentine is higher than that of water while its mass density is
lower shows a layer of turpentine floating over water in a container. For which one of
the four rays incident on turpentine in the path shown is correct?1
8
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Ans- b
8. What is the geometric shape of the wave front that originates when a plane wave passes
through a convex lens?

(a) Converging spherical

(b) Diverging spherical
(c) Plane
(d) None of the above

Answer: (a) Converging Spherical

9. What is the locus of all particles in a medium vibrating in the same phase called?

(a) Fringe
(b) Wavelet
(c) Wave front
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) Wave front

10. Two light sources are said to be coherent when both the sources of light emit light of

(a) The same amplitude and phase

(b) The same intensity and wavelength
(c) The same speed
(d) The same wavelength and constant phase difference

Answer: (d) the same wavelength and constant phase difference

11. Two slits in Young’s double slit experiment have widths in the ratio 81 :1. The ratio of the
amplitudes of light waves is
(a) 3 :1
(b) 3 : 2
(c) 9 :1
(d) 6:1
1
Answer: c 9
12. To observe diffraction, the size of the obstacle
(a) should be X/2, where X is the wavelength.
(b) should be of the order of wavelength.
(c) has no relation to wavelength.
(d) should be much larger than the wavelength.

Answer: b
13. The ratio of the amplitude of the two sources producing interference 3 : 5, the ratio of
intensities at maxima and minima is

(a) 25:6
(b) 5:3
(c) 16:1
(d) 25:9

Answer: (c) 16:1

14. If instead of monochromatic light white light is used for interference of light, what would be
the change in the observation?
(a) The pattern will not be visible
(b) The shape of the pattern will change from hyperbolic to circular
(c) Coloured fringes will be observed with a white bright fringe at the center
(d) The bright and dark fringes will change position

Answer: c

ASSERTION REASONING QUESTIONS

Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While
answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation
of the Assertion.

(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation
of the Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
15. Assertion: Thin film such as soap bubble or a thin layer of oil on water show beautiful colours
when illuminated by white light.
Reason: It happens due to the interference of light reflected from upper and lower face of the thin
film.

Ans. a
16. Assertion: No interference pattern is detected when two coherent sources are infinitely close
to each other.
Reason: The fringe width is inversely proportional to the distance between the two sources. 2
0
Ans. a
17. Assertion: A convex mirror is preferred over a plane mirror in vehicles to observe traffic coming from behind.
Reason: Images formed by convex mirrors are erect and diminished in size.
Ans. a
18. Assertion: The focal length of a spherical mirror will increase if the mirror is placed in water.
Reason: The focal length of a spherical mirror of radius R is f = 2R.
Ans. d
19. Assertion: Critical angle of light passing from glass to air is least for light of violet color.
Reason: Refractive index of glass is maximum for violet light.
Ans. a
SECTION – B (2 MARKS QUESTIONS)
20. State the conditions for the phenomenon of total internal reflection to occur.
21. You are given the following three lenses. Which two lenses will you use as an eyepiece
and as an objective to construct an astronomical telescope? Give reason.

22. A ray of monochromatic light passes from medium (1) to medium (2). If the angle of incidence in
medium (1) is θ and the corresponding angle of refraction in medium (2) is θ/2, which of the two
media is optically denser? Give reason.

SECTION – C (3 MARKS QUESTIONS)

23. The magnifying power of an astronomical telescope in the normal adjustment position
Is 100.The distance between objective & the eyepiece is 101cm.Find focal length of
objective & eyepiece.
24. A 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Give the
location of the image and the magnification. Describe what happens as the needle is moved
farther from mirror.

25. A ray of light incident on an equilateral glass prism shows minimum deviation of 30o. Calculate the
speed of light through the prism.
26. Derive Lens Makers’ formula with the help of suitable diagram.
27. Yellow light (λ = 6000Å) illuminates a single slit of width 1 x 10-4 m. Calculate
(i) the distance between the two dark lines on either side of the central maximum, when the
diffraction pattern is viewed on a screen kept 1.5 m away from the slit;

(ii) the angular spread of the first diffraction minimum.

28. Laser light of wavelength 640 nm incident on a pair of slits produces an interference pattern in
which the bright fringes are separated by 7.2 mm. Calculate the wavelength of another source of
light which produces interference fringes separated by 8.1 mm using same arrangement

SECTION – D (5 MARKS QUESTIONS)

29. i) Draw a ray diagram of a simple microscope when the final image is formed at the least distance
of distinct vision and hence deduce the formula for its angular magnification.
(ii) Draw a ray diagram of simple microscope when the final image is formed at infinity. Write an
expression for magnifying power. 2
30. Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of light through a glass prism. Hence obtain the 1
relation for angle of deviation in terms of angle of incidence, angle of emergence and angle of
prism.
31. With the help of a ray diagram explain the formation of image in an astronomical telescope
for a distant object. Define the term magnifying power of a telescope. Derive an expression
for the magnifying power when the final image is formed at least distance of distinct vision.
32. Write the important points of Huygen’s wave theory. Derive laws of refraction from it with
the help of diagram.

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS.

According to superposition principle, the resultant displacement produced due the number of
waves at a particular point is the vector sum of displacement produced by the each vector at
that point. The two sources of light are said to be coherent only when the phase difference
between the light waves produced by them is zero or constant. The point at which two waves are
in phase or if trough of one wave coincides with the trough of other or crest of one wave coincides
with the crest of other then the resultant intensity produced at that point will be larger and
amplitude also maximum. Such points are the points where constructive interference takes
place. While there are some points where two light waves are not in phase with each other and
crest of one wave coincides with the trough of other and vice versa due to which resultant
intensity at that point is minimum and amplitude also get decreased. Such points are the points
where destructive interference takes place.

i)For coherent sources of light the phase difference must be

a) one
b) zero
c) either zero or constant
d) 90°
ii)If the phase difference is 0, +2π, -4π then the interference should be

a) constructive interference
b) destructive interference
c) both a and b
d) diffraction of light
iii) For destructive interference

a) path difference is (n +1/2) times wavelength

b) phase difference is π, -3π, +5π
c) path difference is integral multiple of wavelengths
d) both a and b
2
2
UNIT VII

(CHAPTER 11: DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER)

SECTION A ( 1 Mark Questions )
1. A metal surface is illuminated by the photons of energy 5 eV and 2.5 eV respectively.
The ratio of their wavelengths is
(a) 1 : 3 (b)1 : 4 (c) 2 : 1 (d)1 : 2

Ans. d
2. The maximum energy of electrons released in a photocell is independent of
a. the frequency of the incident light
b. the intensity of the incident light
c. the nature of the cathode
d. all are true
Ans. (b)
3. A metal surface ejects electrons when hit by green light but none when hit by yellow
light. The electrons will be ejected when the surface is hit by
(a) blue light (b)heat rays (c) infra-red light (d)red light
Ans. (a)
4. Which of the following is correct?

a. The current in a photocell increases with increasing frequency

b. The photocurrent is proportional to the applied voltage
c. The stopping potential increases with the intensity of light
d. The photocurrent increases with the intensity of light

Ans. d
5. In photoelectric effect the slope of straight line graph between stopping potential (V0)
and frequency of incident light gives
a. Planck's constant
(b)work function of emitter
(c) charge on electron
(d) ratio of Planck's constant to charge on electron

ASSERTION REASONING QUESTIONS

2
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While
answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses. 3
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation
of the Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
6. Assertion: In process of photoelectric emission, all emitted electrons do not have same kinetic
energy.
Reason: If radiation incident on surface of a photosensitive metal consists of different
wavelengths then energy acquired by electrons absorbing photons of different wavelengths shall
be different.
Ans. b
7. Assertion: Photoelectric saturation current increases with the increase in frequency of incident
radiation.

Reason: Energy of incident photons increases with increase in frequency and as a result
photoelectric current increases.

Ans.: d

8. Assertion: Photon behaves like a particle.

Reason: If E and P are the energy and momentum of the photon, then P = E/c

Ans.: a

SECTION B (2 marks)

9. The voltage applied to an X-ray tube is 18kV. Find the maximum mass of photon emitted by the X-
ray tube.
10. What will happen to the energy and momentum of a photon if its wavelength is increased?
11. The threshold frequency for a certain metal is 3.3 x 1014 Hz. If light of frequency 8.2 x 1014 Hz is
incident on the metal, predict the cutoff voltage for photoelectric emission.
12. An electron and a proton each have de Broglie wavelength of 1.00 nm. Find the ratio of their
momenta. Compare the kinetic energy of proton with that of electron.
13. What is meant by work function of a metal? How does the value of work function influence the
kinetic energy of electrons emitted during photoelectron emission?

SECTION C (3 MARKS)
14. Explain briefly why the wave theory of light is not able to explain the observed features of
photoelectric effect.
15. Ultra violet light of wavelength 2271 Ao from a 100W mercury source irradiates a photocell. If
the stopping potential is -1.3 V, estimate the work function of the metal. How would the
photocell respond to a high intensity red light of wavelength 6328 Ao produced by a He-Ne laser?
16. (i) Sketch a graph between frequency of incident radiation and stopping potential for a given
photosensitive material. What information can be obtained from the value of intercept on the
potential axis?
(ii) A source of light of frequency greater than the threshold frequency is at a distance of 1m
from the cathode of a photocell. The stopping potential is found to be V. If the distance of
the light source from the cathode is reduced, explain giving reasons what change will you2
observe in the photoelectric current and stopping potential? 4

SECTION D(5MARKS)
17. Derive Einstein’s photoelectric equation. Write two characteristic features observed in
photoelectric effect which support the photon picture of electromagnetic radiation.
Draw a graph between the frequency of incident radiation (ν) and maximum kinetic energy of the
electrons emitted from the surface of a photosensitive material. How can this graph be used to
determine Planck’s constant and work function of the material?

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE AND ANSWER

Minimum energy required to emit electrons from the surface of a conductor is called work function
(W or φ0) . It is measured in eV(electron volt). Work fu depends on properties of metal and nature of
its surface.

1 eV is the energy gained by an electron when it is accelerated by a potential difference of 1V.

Methods of electron emission are thermionic emission, field emission, secondary emission and
photoelectric emission.

(i) Photoelectric emission occurs only when the incident light has more than a certain minimum:

(a) power

(b) wavelenght

(c) intensity

(d) none of these

(ii) Light of wavelength λ falls on a metal having work function hc/λ0. Photoelectric effect will take
place only if

(a) λ≥ λ0

(b) λ≥ 2λ0

(c) λ≤ λ0

(d) λ= 2λ0

(iii) The experiment to explain the wave nature of light i.e electromagnetic wave theory is given by

a) Hertz b) Einstein c) Lenard d) Huygen

(iv) Wave –particle duality is shown by

2
5
a) Light only b) matter only c) both light and matter d) None of them
UNIT – VIII
(CHAPTER 12: ATOMS
CHAPTER 13: NUCLEI)

SECTION A (1 MARK)

1. Which of these statements about Bohr model hypothesis is correct?

a. velocity of electron is quantized

b. electron in a stable orbit emit quanta of light

c. angular momentum is not quantized

d. electron in a stable orbit does not radiate electromagnetic waves

Ans. (d)

2. Which of the following transitions in a hydrogen emits the photon of the highest frequency?

a. n = 1 to n = 2

b. n = 6 to n = 2

c. n = 2 to n = 6

d. n = 2 to n = 1

Ans. (d)

3. Choose the WRONG statement.

a. The nuclear force becomes very strong if the nucleus contains a large number of nucleons

b. The nuclear force becomes weak if the nucleus contains too many neutrons compared to the
number of protons

c. Nuclei with atomic number greater than 82 show a tendency to disintegrate.

d. The nuclear force becomes weak if the nucleus contains too many protons compared to the
number of neutrons

Ans. a

SECTION B

4. Define impact parameter and angle of scattering.

5. Using de Broglie hypothesis explain with the help of a diagram Bohr’s second postulate of
quantization of energy levels in a hydrogen atom.
6. In an experiment on α- particle scattering by a thin foil of gold, draw a plot showing the number of
particles scattered versus the scattering ange Ѳ. Why is it that a very small fraction of the particles
are scattered at Ѳ > 90o?
7.Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 1: 2. What is the ratio of their nuclear densities? Give
reason.
8. Define mass defect and binding energy.

SECTION C
9. Using Bohr’s second postulate obtain radius and total energy of electron in Hydrogen atom.

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10. Draw the curve showing variation of nuclear forces with internuclear distance between the
nucleons. Write the conclusions that can be drawn regarding the nuclear forces.

SECTION D
11. Draw the binding energy curve per nucleon as a function of mass number. Use this graph to
explain the release of energy in both the processes of nuclear fusion and fission.

Unit IX: Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and

Simple Circuits
SECTION A (1 MARK)

1. A pure Si crystal having 5 * 10 ^ 28 atoms m is dopped with 1 ppm concentration of

antimony. If the concentration of holes in the doped crystal is found to be 4.5 * 10 ^ 9 * m ^ -
3 the concentration (in m³) of intrinsic charge carriers in Si crystal is about
(A) 1.2 * 10 ^ 15
(B) 3 * 10 ^ 15
(C) 1.5 * 10 ^ 16
(D) 2 * 10 ^ 16
2. Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A b) Both A and R are true
and R is NOT the correct explanation of A 1 c) A is true but R is false d) A is false and R is also
false

ASSERTION(A): The electrical conductivity of a semiconductor increases on doping.

REASON: Doping always increases the number of electrons in the semiconductor.

3. Assertion (A) : Putting p type semiconductor slab directly in physical contact with n type
semiconductor slab cannot form the pn junction.

Reason (R) : The roughness at contact will be much more than inter atomic crystal spacing and
continuous flow of charge carriers is not possible

4. The number of electrons made available for conduction by dopant atoms depends strongly
upon
(a) doping level
(b) increase in ambient temperature
(c) energy gap
(d) options (a) and (b) both

SECTION B (2 MARKS)

5. Draw V-I characteristic of a p-n junction diode in (i) forward bias and (ii) reverse bias
6. Draw energy band diagrams of n-type and p-type semiconductors at temperature T > OK,
depicting the donor and acceptor energy levels. Mention the significance of these levels.
7. Explain the processes involved formation of pn junction.

SECTION C (3 MARKS)

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8. The figure shows a piece of pure semiconductor S in series with a variable resistor R and a
source of constant voltage V. Should the value of R be increased or decreased to keep the
reading of the ammeter constant, when semiconductor S is heated? Justify your answer
9. Draw the energy band diagram when intrinsic semiconductor (Ge32) is doped with impurity
atoms of Antimony (Sb51). Name the extrinsic semiconductor so obtained and majority
charge carriers in it. Also what will be the ratio ne: nh for the semiconductor so obtained
where ne is the number density of electrons and nh is the number density of holes?
10. Explain the following, giving reasons:

(a) A doped semiconductor is electrically neutral.

(b) In a p-n junction under equilibrium, there is no net current.

(c) In a diode, the reverse current is practically not dependent on the applied voltage.

11. A potential barrier of 0.6 V exists across a semiconductor diode with the depletion region 5 ×
10–7 m wide, then what is the intensity of the electric field in this region?

(a) Draw the output signal across R when a square input signal as shown in the figure is applied
across the input terminals of the circuit . Assume that the diode is ideal.

(b) Name the device which acts using unidirectional properties as applicable in previous part.

SECTION D (Case study-4 marks)

12. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow.
A semiconductor diode is basically a pn junction with metallic contacts provided at the ends
for the application of an external voltage. It is a two terminal device. When an external voltage
is applied across a semiconductor diode such that p-side is connected to the positive terminal
of the battery and n-side to the negative terminal, it is said to be forward biased. When an
external voltage is applied across the diode such that n-side is positive and p-side is negative,
it is said to be reverse biased. An ideal diode is one whose resistance in forward biasing is zero
and the resistance is infinite in reverse biasing. When the diode is forward biased, it is found
that beyond forward voltage called knee voltage, the conductivity is very high. When the
biasing voltage is more than the knee voltage the potential barrier is overcome and the current
increases rapidly with increase in forward voltage. When the diode is reverse biased, the
reverse bias voltage produces a very small current about a few microamperes which almost
remains constant with bias. This small current is reverse saturation current.
(i) A diode D is connected to an external resistance R = 100  and an emf of 3.5 V. If the
barrier potential developed across the diode is 0.5 V, the current in the circuit will be:
(a) 40 mA (b) 20 mA (c) 35 mA (d) 30 Ma

ii)In which of the following figures, the pn diode is reverse biased?

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iii)Based on the V-I characteristics of the diode, we can classify diode as (a) bilateral device (b) ohmic
device (c) non-ohmic device (d) passive element

SECTION E

13. Explain the characteristics of a p-n junction diode that makes it suitable for its use as
a rectifier. With the help of a circuit diagram, explain the working of a full wave
rectifier
14. Explain the characteristics of a p-n junction diode that makes it suitable for its use as
a rectifier. With the help of a circuit diagram, explain the working of a half wave
rectifier
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