Câu chủ động - câu bị động-1

TÀI LIỆU Tài

KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE

Ôn Thi Group OWL
1
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CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG, BỊ ĐỘNG (1)
I. KHÁI NIỆM CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG, BỊ ĐỘNG
➢ Câu chủ động: là câu mà chủ ngữ là người hoặc vật thực hiện hành động.
Ex: People speak English all over the world.
➢ Câu bị động: là câu mà chủ ngữ là người hoặc vật chịu sự tác động của hành động.
Ex: English is spoken all over the world.
Lưu ý: Không phải cứ chủ ngữ là người thì là chủ động, chủ ngữ là vật thì là bị động.
Ex: The students were punished yesterday.
Hanoi has changed a lot in the past five years.
Lưu ý: Chúng ta không dùng cấu trúc bị động với các nội động từ như “fit, suit, have,
resemble, look, like, hold, contain, mean,…”
Ex: They have a nice house.
Don’t say: A nice house is had by them.
II. QUY TẮC CHUYỂN CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG BỊ ĐỘNG
To be + Past participle
❖ Thể bị động của các thì:
Quá khứ Hiện tại Tương lai
Đơn Was/were + PII Am/is/are + PII Will + be + PII
Tiếp diễn Was/were + being+ Am/is/are + being+ ___________

PII PII
Hoàn thành Had+ been + PII Have/has + been+ Will have + been +
PII PII
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TÀI LIỆU Tài
Ôn Thi Group OWL
2
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am/is/are + going to be + PII Modal verbs (can/could/may/might/must/ought

to/should) + be + PII
❖ Một số lưu ý quan trọng:
➢ Đôi khi “get” được dùng thay cho “be” để diễn đạt những sự việc gây bất ngờ hoặc khó
chịu:
Ex: There was an accident in the street but nobody got hurt. = nobody was hurt.
The eggs got broken. = The eggs were broken.
➢ Trong câu bị động, nếu tân ngữ không xác định (people, them, someone, him, her….) thì
bỏ đi.
Ex: We don’t water the flowers in the morning.
 The flowers are not watered in the morning.
➢ Vị trí của trạng từ hoặc cụm trạng từ trong câu bị động:
• Đối với trạng từ chỉ cách thức của hành động, thì nó sẽ đi theo động từ.
Ex: The problem has been carefully studied by the scientists.
• “By + O” sẽ đứng sau trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và đứng trước trạng từ chỉ thời gian:
Ex: He was found in the forest by the police.
The report was typed by the secretary this morning.
➢ Ta có thể dùng “with” (không dùng “by”) để chỉ dụng cụ, công cụ hoặc nguyên liệu được
sử dụng.
Ex: He was shot (by the policeman) with a rifle.
The room was filled with smoke.
1. Simple present:
S + V (s/es) + Object
S + am/is/are + PII + by + O
Ex: We don't watch films in the evening.
=> Films aren’t watched in the evening.
TÀI LIỆU Tài
Ôn Thi Group OWL
3
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They sweep the streets every night.
=> The streets are swept every night.
What do they call the new hotel?
=> What is the new hotel called?
2. Present continuous:
S + am/is/are + V.ing + Object
S + am/is/are + being + PII + by + O
Ex: They are building a bridge over the river.
=> A bridge idd being built over the river.
He isn’t decorating the room today.
=> The room isn’t being decorated.
Are they upgrading the road leading to the city centre?
=> Is the road leading to the city centre being upgraded (by them)?
3. Present perfect:
S +have/has + PII +Object
S + have/has + been + PII + by + O
Lưu ý: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn không có dạng bị động.
Ex: They haven’t moved anything in your room since 1999.
=> Anything in the room hasn’t been moved since 1999.
=> Nothing in the room has been moved since 1999.
The terrorist has kept three hostages for a week.
=> Three hostages have been kept by the terrorist for a week.
4. Simple past
TÀI LIỆU Tài
Ôn Thi Group OWL
4
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S + Past of Verb (V-ed/P-Irregular) + Object
S + was/were + PII + by + O
Ex: The thieves broke into the house.
=> The house was broken into by the thieves.
They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.
=> Tom wasn’t allowed to take these books home.
5. Past continuous:
S + was/were + V-ing + Object
S + was/were + being + PII + by + O
Ex: They were doing a physical experiment when I was there.
=> A physical experiment was being done by them when I was there.
Tom was writing 2 poems.
=> 2 poems were being written by Tom.
6. Past perfect:
S + had + PII + Object
S + had + been + PII + by + O
Lưu ý: Không có bị động của thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn.
Ex: Nobody told me that they had discharged John from hospital.
=> I was not told that John had been discharged from hospital.
They had taken the victim to hospital before the police came.
=> The victim had been taken to hospital before the police came.
TÀI LIỆU Tài
Ôn Thi Group OWL
5
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7. Simple future:
S + will/shall + V+ Object
S + will/shall+ be + PII + by + O
Lưu ý:: Thì tương lai tiếp diễn không có dạng bị động.
Ex: They will change the date of the meeting again.
=> The date of the meeting will be changed again.
The examiner will read the passage three times.
=> The passage will be read three times by the examiner.
8. Future perfect
S + will/shall + V+ Object
S + will/shall+ have been + PII + by + O
Ex: By the time you come back, they will have finished the project.
=> By the time you come back, the project will have been finished.
By the time you come back here in 5 years' time, they will have knocked down those
houses.
=> Those houses will have been knocked down by the time you come back here in 5
years' time.
9. Near future
S + am/is/are + going to + V-inf + O
S + am/is/are + going to be + PII + by + O
Ex: We are going to make him the monitor of our class.
=> He is going to made the monitor of our class.
TÀI LIỆU Tài
Ôn Thi Group OWL
6
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10. Modals and Auxiliary in the passive voice
S + modal verbs (can/could/may/might/must/ought to/should) + V-inf + O.
 S + modal verbs (can/could/may/might/must/ought to/should) + be + PII + by + O.
Ex: He can’t repair my bike.
=> My bike can’t be repaired.
CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG, BỊ ĐỘNG (2)
III. CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT
1. Verb with 2 objects
S + V + indirect object + direct object
S + V + direct object + preposition + indirect object
Ex: He gave the police some information.
=> The police were given some information.
He gave some information to the police.
=> Some information was given to the police.
Lưu ý:
- Một số động từ thường dùng trong cấu trúc này gồm: allow, award, ask, give, sell, send,
show, lend, pay, promise, tell, offer, teach, refuse, write.
Ex: Tom sent you some beautiful flowers.
=> You were sent some beautiful flowers by Tom.
=> Some beautiful flowers were sent to you by Tom.
2. Động từ nguyên mẫu
S + passive verb + to + V-inf
Ex: He asked me to send a stamp enveloped.
=> I was asked to send a stamped enveloped.
They advised us to come early.
=> We were advised to come early.
❖ Make/Help/Let
Active Passive
Make sb do sth Be made to do sth
Ex: -The teacher is making us work hard. Ex: -We are being made to work hard by our
teacher.
- My parents made me study all day.
- I was made to study all day by my parents.
Help sb (to) do sth Be helped to do sth
Ex: - He helped me (to) repair the washing Ex: - He helped me (to) repair the washing
machine.
machine.
- I am helped to study English by Ms Phuong.
- Ms Phuong helps me study English.
Let sb do sth Be let do sth (or be allowed to do sth )
Ex: - His parents didn't let him buy a Ex: He wasn't let buy (wasn't allowed to buy)
motorbike. a
motorbike by his parents.
3. See/Notice/Hear/Listen to/Watch
Active Passive
See seen
Notice Sb do st Sb noticed to do st
Hear sb doing st heard doing st
Listen to listened
Watch watched
Ex: Someone saw him pick up a stone and throw it at the riot police.
=> He was seen to pick up a stone and to throw it at the riot police.
They saw him walking with his friend before he got lost.
=> He was seen walking with his friend before he got lost.
4. Bị động tân ngữ
a) Khác chủ ngữ
S + V + Object + passive infinitive (tobe + P2)
Ex: I want you to repair the car now.
=> I want the car to be repaired (by you) now.
I’d like someone to take me to the Opera House.
=> I’d like to be taken to the Opera House.
b) Chung chủ ngữ
S + V + tobe + P2
Ex: He likes people to call him “Sir”.
=> He likes to be called “Sir”.
I prefer you to call me by my first name.
=> I prefer to be called by my first name.
5. Passive gerund
S + V + passive gerund (being + P2)
Ex: I like people praising me.
=> I like being praised.
She hates people staring at her when she is in the street.
=> She hates being stared at when she is in the street.
Lưu ý: Với cấu trúc “need to + V-inf” mang nghĩa chủ động, thì khi chuyển sang bị động, ta
sử dụng cấu trúc
need + V-ing = need to be + P2
Ex: This car needs to be serviced/this car needs servicing.
I need to clean my shirt because it needs cleaning/to be cleaned.
6. Động từ + mệnh đề THAT
Một số động từ quy định: say, believe, think, consider, report, know, expect, understand,
allege, acknowledge, estimate, rumour, explain, assume, presume, suppose, announce có thể
dùng với một trong hai cấu trúc sau:
It is/was + Past participle + that + clause
Chú ý: Cấu trúc trên chỉ tương đương với câu chủ động có chủ ngữ số nhiều với nghĩa nói
chung: people, everybody...
Ex People say that he is 100 years old.
=> It is said that he is 100 years old.
People expect that the strike will end soon.
=> It is expected that the strike will end soon.
Everybody says that there is a secret tunnel between those two houses.
=> It is said that there is a secret tunnel between those two houses.
S + tobe + P2 + To Verb (1)

To be + V-ing (2)
To + Have + P2 (3)
To have been + V-ing (4)
• Dùng (1) khi động từ trong mệnh đề phụ được chia ở thì hiện tại đơn, hoặc tương lai đơn:
People said that he was a dedicated worker.
=> He was said to be a dedicated worker.
He is said to be 100 years old.
The strike is expected to end soon.
There is said to be a secret tunnel between those two houses.
• Dùng (2) khi động từ trong mệnh đề phụ được chia ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn, hoặc tương lai
tiếp diễn:
They think that the terrorists are hiding in the mountain
=> The terrorists are thought to be hiding in the mountain.
People believe that she is studying abroad.
=> She is believed to be studying abroad.
• Dùng (3) khi động từ trong mệnh đề phụ được chia ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành, hoặc quá khứ
đơn:
People say that he escaped to a neutral country.
=> He is said to have escaped to a neutral country.
People think that she has made progress in her studies.
=> She is thought to have made progress in her studies.
People allge that he stole the money.
=> He is alleged to have stolen the money.
• Dùng (4) khi động từ trong mệnh đề phụ được chia ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn, hoặc
tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
People say that he has been playing football since he was 5.
=> He is said to have been playing football since he was 5.
Lưu ý : Be supposed to (do) có thể được dùng theo hai nghĩa sau:
Tương đương nghĩa với “be said to + V-inf” (Được cho rằng)
This film is said/supposed to be very interesting.
Why was he arrested? He was supposed to have kicked a policeman.
Để nói bổn phận hoặc nghĩa vụ ai đó phải làm gì tương đương với cấu trúc: “It’s
somebody's duty to + Vinf”
It’s her duty to make tea at 8 o’clock.
=> She is supposed to make tea at 8 o’clock.
It’s her duty to lock the door after the school finishes.
=> She is supposed to lock....
Đôi khi was/were supposed to còn được dùng để nói một kế hoạch, sự sắp xếp nhưng thường
khác so với thức tế xảy ra:
The train was supposed to arrive at 11.30 but it was an hour late.
You were supposed to clean the windows. Why didn’t you do it?
7. that ….should + V.inf
Một số các động từ như: advise, agree, arrange, ask, beg, command, decide, demand,
determine,
insist, order, propose, recommend, request, stipulate, suggest, urge, prefer,… thường được
diễn đạt ở dạng bị động bằng mệnh đề“that” (clause)
S + V + that + S + (should) + be + P2
Ex: He insisted that she (should) write to him everyday.
He insisted that his son (should) be named after his grandfather.
They have decided to sell the house
=> They have decided that the house (should) be sold.
They suggested making the tests easier.
=> They suggested that the tests should be made easier.
She advised that we should keep the gate locked/She advised keeping the gate locked.
=> She advised that the gate should be kept locked.
Ngoài ra, chúng ta còn có dạng bị động đặc biệt với một số tính từ, như: advisable, better,
desirable, essential, imperative, important, natural, necessary,anxious, determined
S + tobe + adj + that + S + should + be + P2
It is essential that rare animals (should) be protected.
It is advisable that everyone have a map.
It is essential for him to be prepared for this./It is essential that he (should) be

prepared for this.
8. Động từ + tân ngữ+ bổ ngữ của tân ngữ.
Ex: They elected Mr. Sanderson president. => Mr. Sanderson was elected president.
9. Câu mệnh lệnh (V + O/Don’t + V + O)
Let + Object + be + P2
Ex: Write your name here. => Let your name be written here.
10. Câu bị động truyền khiến
Active Passive
Have sb dosomething/get sb to do have/get somethingdone (by sb)

something
Ex: - I have my younger brother clean the - I have the floor cleaned by my younger
floor. brother.
- He has his hair cut. - He has the barber cut his hair.
Cấu trúc trên được dùng theo hai nghĩa sau:
a. Để nói ta thu xếp để người khác làm giúp mình một việc gì (không tự mình làm).
Ex: Jill repaired the roof. ( = She repaired it herself).
=> Jill had the roof repaired. (= She arranged for somebody else to repair it).
b. Để nói một sự việc không hay xảy ra với vật sở hữu của ai/cái gì:
Ex: George’s nose was broken in a fight .
=> George had his nose broken in a fight.
Jack’s passport was stolen a few weeks ago.
=> Jack had his passport stolen a few weeks ago.
EXERCISE 1: Câu bị động đơn giản
1. My father waters this flower every morning.
2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.
5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar
6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
7. Tom will visit his parents next month.
8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
9. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?
10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.
12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.
13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.
14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.
15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum.
16. Some people will interview the new president on TV.
EXERCISE 2: Tân ngữ trực tiếp và gián tiếp
1. The waiter brings me this dish.
2. Our friends send these postcards to us.
3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
5. You didn’t show me the special cameras.
6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
7. He lends his friend his new shoes.
8. She left her relatives five million pounds.
9. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
10. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
11. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
12. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
13. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.
14. They keep this room tidy all the time.
15. They all voted the party a great success.
16. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
EXERCISE 3: Câu bị động tường thuật
1. They told me that you were the best architect in this city.
2. She reported that the flowers had been killed by frost.
3. Some people inform that the director is going to take a business trip to England
4. That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week.
5. He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt.
6. They promise that the performance will start on time.
7. He recommends that we should stay at the city center.
8. We believed that Alice would pass the driving test.
9. The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month.
10. They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium.
11. They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend.
12. People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century.
13. They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her.
14. The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train.
EXERCISE 4: Câu bị động sai khiến
1. I had my nephew paint the gate last week.
2. She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow.
3. They have her tell the story again.
4. John gets his sister to clean his shirt.
5. Anne had had a friend type her composition.
6. Rick will have a barber cut his hair.
7. I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress
8. He had a mechanic repair his car.
9. She often gets the technician to maintain the heater
10. They had the police arrest the shoplifter.
11. Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?
12. I must have the dentist check my teeth.
13. She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog.
14. We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer.
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer
1. The parcel ____________ to him before his birthday.
A. will be sented B. will been sent
C. will be sent D. will be send
2. Is the new computer system ____________ next month?
A. been installed B. being installed
C. being installed by people D. be installed
3. ____________ believed to be over 300 species of trees in EL Yunque rain forest in Puerto
Rico.
A. There are B. They are
C. It is D. It has been
4. It is advised that not only Tam but also his friends ____________ punctual.
A. be B. are
C. is D. were
5. About six million years ago,the Miditerrnean sea ____________.
A. is said to have evaporated-depositing B. says to be evaporating deposit
C. is said to evaporate-deposited D. is said having evaporated-to deposit
6. Go on, finish the food. It needs ____________ up because it won’t stay fresh until
tomorrow.
A. eat B. eating
C. to eat D. eaten
7. When Nadine arrived, she soon ____________ at all her jokes.
A. had everyone laughed B. had laughing everyone
C. had everyone laughing D. had laughed everyone
8. Who wrote the report on the air pollution?
A.Whom was the report written on the air pollution by?
B. By whom was the report on the air pollution written?
C. By whom was the report written on the air pollution?
D. No answer is correct.
9. What I fear most off all is that we ____________ in what refers to the building of a new
market in
West Crane. The local people seem to be very wary about it.
A. might misinterpret B. might have misinterpreted
C. won’t be misinterpreting D. might be misinterpreted
10. When the old school friends met, a lot of happy memories ____________ back.
A. had brought B. were brought
C. brought D. had been brought
11. The well is said ____________.
A.to dig by the local people ages ago B.to have been dug by the local people
ages ago
C.to be dug by the local people ages ago D.dug by the local people ages ago.
12. The old church ____________ in the last storm.
A. is said to have collapsed B. is said to be collapsed
C. is said that it was collapsed D. is said to have been collapsed
13. Despite all my anxiety, I ____________ for the job I wanted.
A. was hiring B. hired
C. got hiring D. got hired
14. He couldn’t afford to ____________ his car repaired.
A. pay B. make
C. do D. get
15. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ____________ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. to be robbed B. robbed
C. to have been robbed D. having been robbed
16. ’’Was Jack wearing a seat belt?” –“Yes, he would have ____________ been injured
without it.”
A. injure B. injured
C. been injuring D. been injured
17. The damage caused by poachers and illegal lumberjacks must ____________ to be
belived.
A. see B. be seen
C. to be seen D. seen
18. I got everyone in the family ____________ Jane’s birthday card before I sent it to her.
A. sign B. signed
C. to sign D. having signed
19. Mary informed the police of the news.
A. The police was informed of the news.
B. The news was informed of the police.
C. The police were informed of the news.
D. The police of the news was informed by Mary.
20. The teacher gave us two very difficult exercises.
A. We were given two very difficult exercises.
B. Two very difficult exercises were given to the teacher.
C. Two very difficult exercises were given to us.
D. Both (A) and (C) are correct.
21. Brian told me that somebody had attacked him in the street.
A. I was told by Brian that somebody was attacked in the street.
B. I told Brian that he had been attacked in the street.
C. Brian told me that have been attacked in the street.
D. Brian told me that he had been attacked in the street.
22. Keep the machine always clean.
A. The machine is always kept clean.
B. The machine should be kept clean always.
C. Let the machine always be kept clean
D. Let the machine always be kept cleaned.
23. Excuse me. Is this seat .................. ?
A. taking B. took
C. occupy D. taken
24. Ted ____________ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
A. got sting B. got stung
C. get stung D. gets stung
25. I let my girlfriend choose her own ring.
A. She chooses her own ring.
B. My girlfriend was allowed to choose her own ring.
C. My girlfriend was let choose her own ring.
D. A & C are correct
26. Respect your parents always.
A. Let your parents be always respected.
B. Let your parents always respected.
C. Let your parents always be respected.
27. A number of people __________________ following a demonstration in the Serbian

capital, Belgrade.
A.have arrested B.have been arrested
C,has arrested D.has been arrested
28. Whatever you do, don't let yourself ____________.
A.Cheated B.To be cheated
C.Be cheated D.To cheated
29. It is highly desirable that every effort ____________ to reduce expenditure.
A. is made B. be made
C. has been made D. B & C are correct
Ex2: Rewrite these sentences:
1. It is your duty to obey him.
2. They began to build the bridge two months ago.
3. Don’t do that silly thing again.
4. They didn’t let the children come in.
5. Dust covers the table.
6. They suggested buying flowers to give their teacher.
7. People often make fun of me.I hate it.
8. It is impossible to write an essay in 20 minutes.
9. They saw her picking a wallet.
10. The garage is going to repair my car next week.
11. They think he was playing tennis at 3pm yesterday.
12. You need clean your car.
13. The hurricane blew the roof off the house.
14. People say that there is a lot of oil under the North Sea.
15. They expected me to finish my work early.
16. She decided to rebuild the house.
17. Don’t let others see you.
18. The doctor advised him to eat more.
19. She remembers people taking her to the zoo.
20. People think that he was born in a rich family.

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TÀI LIỆU Tài

KHÓALiệu HỌC - WISE

CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG, BỊ ĐỘNG (1)

I. KHÁI NIỆM CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG, BỊ ĐỘNG

Ex: People speak English all over the world.

Ex: English is spoken all over the world.

Ex: The students were punished yesterday.

Hanoi has changed a lot in the past five years.

Ex: They have a nice house.

Don’t say: A nice house is had by them.

❖ Thể bị động của các thì:

Quá khứ Hiện tại Tương lai

Đơn Was/were + PII Am/is/are + PII Will + be + PII

Tiếp diễn Was/were + being+ Am/is/are + being+ ___________

Tương lai gần Động từ khuyết thiếu

am/is/are + going to be + PII Modal verbs (can/could/may/might/must/ought

❖ Một số lưu ý quan trọng:

The eggs got broken. = The eggs were broken.

Ex: We don’t water the flowers in the morning.

 The flowers are not watered in the morning.

➢ Vị trí của trạng từ hoặc cụm trạng từ trong câu bị động:

Ex: The problem has been carefully studied by the scientists.

Ex: He was found in the forest by the police.

The report was typed by the secretary this morning.

Ex: He was shot (by the policeman) with a rifle.

The room was filled with smoke.

Ex: We don't watch films in the evening.

=> Films aren’t watched in the evening.

They sweep the streets every night.

=> The streets are swept every night.

What do they call the new hotel?

=> What is the new hotel called?

S + am/is/are + V.ing + Object

S + am/is/are + being + PII + by + O

Ex: They are building a bridge over the river.

=> A bridge idd being built over the river.

He isn’t decorating the room today.

=> The room isn’t being decorated.

Are they upgrading the road leading to the city centre?

S +have/has + PII +Object

S + have/has + been + PII + by + O

Ex: They haven’t moved anything in your room since 1999.

=> Anything in the room hasn’t been moved since 1999.

=> Nothing in the room has been moved since 1999.

The terrorist has kept three hostages for a week.

S + Past of Verb (V-ed/P-Irregular) + Object

Ex: The thieves broke into the house.

=> The house was broken into by the thieves.

They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.

=> Tom wasn’t allowed to take these books home.

S + was/were + V-ing + Object

S + was/were + being + PII + by + O

Ex: They were doing a physical experiment when I was there.

Tom was writing 2 poems.

=> 2 poems were being written by Tom.

S + had + PII + Object

S + had + been + PII + by + O

Ex: They will change the date of the meeting again.

=> The date of the meeting will be changed again.

The examiner will read the passage three times.