Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Chemistry Paper 2

AQA Chemistry (8462) from 2016 Topics C4.6 The rate and extent of chemical change
Topic Student Checklist R A G
Calculate the rate of a chemical reaction over time, using either the quantity of reactant used or the
quantity of product formed, measured in g/s, cm3/s or mol/s
Draw and interpret graphs showing the quantity of product formed or reactant used up against time and
use the tangent to the graph as a measure of the rate of reaction
4.6.1 Rate of reaction

HT ONLY: Calculate the gradient of a tangent to the curve on the graph of the quantity of product
formed or reactant used against time and use this as a measure of the rate of reaction
Describe how different factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction, including the concentration,
pressure, surface area, temperature and presence of catalysts
Required practical 5: investigate how changes in concentration affect the rates of reactions by a method
involving measuring the volume of a gas produced, change in colour or turbidity
Use collision theory to explain changes in the rate of reaction, including discussing activation energy
Describe the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction and state that enzymes are catalysts in biological
systems
Draw and interpret reaction profiles for catalysed reactions
Explain what a reversible reaction is, including how the direction can be changed and represent it using
4.6.2 Reversible reactions and

symbols: A + B ⇌ C + D
dynamic equilibrium

Explain that, for reversible reactions, if a reaction is endothermic in one direction, it is exothermic in the
other direction
Describe the State of dynamic equilibrium of a reaction as the point when the forward and reverse
reactions occur at exactly the same rate
HT ONLY: Explain that the position of equilibrium depends on the conditions of the reaction and the
equilibrium will change to counteract any changes to conditions
HT ONLY: Explain and predict the effect of a change in concentration of reactants or products,
temperature, or pressure of gases on the equilibrium position of a reaction

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Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Chemistry Paper 2

AQA Chemistry (8462) from 2016 Topics C4.7 Organic chemistry

Topic Student Checklist R A G
Describe what crude oil is and where it comes from, including the basic composition of crude oil and
4.7.1 Carbon compounds as fuels and

the general chemical formula for the alkanes

State the names of the first four members of the alkanes and recognise substances as alkanes from
their formulae
Describe the process of fractional distillation, state the names and uses of fuels that are produced from
crude oil by fractional distillation
feedstock

Describe trends in the properties of hydrocarbons, including boiling point, viscosity and flammability
and explain how their properties influence how they are used as fuels
Describe and write balanced chemical equations for the complete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels
Describe the process of cracking and state that the products of cracking include alkanes and alkenes
and describe the test for alkenes
Balance chemical equations as examples of cracking when given the formulae of the reactants and
products
Explain why cracking is useful and why modern life depends on the uses of hydrocarbons
Chem ONLY: State the names and draw structural formulae of the first four members of the alkenes
and recognise substances as alkenes from their formulae
4.7.2 Reactions of alkenes and alcohols

Chem ONLY: Describe the basic composition of alkenes, including the C=C functional group, the general
chemical formula for the alkanes and describe what unsaturated means
Chem ONLY: Describe the combustion reactions of alkenes and the reactions of alkenes with hydrogen,
water and the halogens
Chem ONLY: Draw fully displayed structural formulae of the first four members of the alkenes and the
products of their addition reactions with hydrogen, water, chlorine, bromine and iodine
Chem ONLY: State the functional group of alcohols and the first four members of the homologous series
of alcohols and represent alcohols using formulae
Chem ONLY: Describe some properties and reactions of the first four members of alcohols, including
dissolving in water, reacting with sodium, burning in air, oxidation and uses
Chem ONLY: State the functional group of carboxylic acids and the first four members of the
homologous series of carboxylic acids and represent them using diagrams and formulae
Chem ONLY: Describe some properties and reactions of carboxylic acids, including dissolving in water,
reacting with carbonates and reacting with alcohols
Chem ONLY: Describe how alkenes can be used to make polymers by addition polymerisation
4.7.3 Synthetic and naturally

Chem ONLY: Identify addition polymers and monomers from diagrams and from the presence of the
functional group and draw diagrams to represent the formation of an addition polymers
occurring polymers

Chem & HT ONLY: Describe the process of condensation polymerisation and explain the basic
principles of condensation polymerisation
Chem & HT ONLY: State that amino acids have two different functional groups in a molecule and
they react by condensation polymerisation to produce polypeptides
Chem & HT ONLY: Explain that different amino acids can be combined in a chain to produce proteins
Chem ONLY: Describe DNA as a large molecule of two polymer chains made from four different
monomers called nucleotides in the form of a double helix
Chem ONLY: State and describe some other naturally occurring polymers such as proteins, starch and
cellulose

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Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Chemistry Paper 2

AQA Chemistry (8462) from 2016 Topics C4.8 Chemical analysis

Topic Student Checklist R A G
Define a pure substance and identify pure substances and mixtures from data about melting
chromatograph & 4.8.2 ID of gases

and boiling points

4.8.1 Purity, formulations and

Describe a formulation and identify formulations given appropriate information

Describe chromatography, including the terms stationary phase and mobile phase and identify
pure substances using paper chromatography
Explain what the Rf value of a compound represents, how the Rf value differs in different
solvents and interpret and determine Rf values from chromatograms
Required practical 6: investigate how paper chromatography can be used to separate and tell
the difference between coloured substances (inc calculation of Rf values)
Explain how to test for the presence of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and chlorine

Chem ONLY: Identify some metal ions from the results of flame tests and describe how to
4.8.3 Identification of ions by chemical and

conduct a flame test

Chem ONLY: Describe how sodium hydroxide solution can be used to identify some metal ions
and identify metal ions from the results of their reactions with sodium hydroxide solution
Chem ONLY: Write balanced equations for the reactions between sodium hydroxide solution and
spectroscopic means

some metal ions to produce insoluble hydroxides

Chem ONLY: Describe how to identify carbonates using limewater

Chem ONLY: Describe how to identify negative ions, including halide ions using silver nitrate and
sulfate ions using barium chloride
Required practical 7: use of chemical tests to identify the ions in unknown single ionic
compounds
Chem ONLY: State the advantages of using instrumental methods to identify elements and
compounds compared to chemical tests
Chem ONLY: Describe the process of and how to use flame emission spectroscopy to identify
metal ions; interpret the results of a flame emission spectroscopy tests

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Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Chemistry Paper 2

AQA Chemistry (8462) from 2016 Topics C4.9 Chemistry of the atmosphere
Topic Student Checklist R A G
Describe the composition of gases in the Earth's atmosphere using percentages, fractions or ratios
4.9.1 The composition and

Describe how early intense volcanic activity may have helped form the early atmosphere and how
evolution of the Earth's

the oceans formed

atmosphere

Explain why the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere changes as the oceans were formed

State the approximate time in Earth's history when algae started producing oxygen and describe the
effects of a gradually increasing oxygen level

Explain the ways that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decreased

Name some greenhouse gases and describe how they cause an increase in Earth's temperature
4.9.2 Carbon dioxide and
methane as greenhouse

List some human activities that produce greenhouse gases

gases

Evaluate arguments for and against the idea that human activities cause a rise in temperature that
results in global climate change

State some potential side effects of global climate change, including discussing scale, risk and
environmental implications
Define the term carbon footprint and list some actions that could reduce the carbon footprint
atmospheric pollutants

Describe the combustion of fuels as a major source of atmospheric pollutants and name the
and their sources

different gases that are released when a fuel is burned

4.9.3 Common

Predict the products of combustion of a fuel given appropriate information about the composition of
the fuel and the conditions in which it is used
Describe the properties and effects of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and particulates in the
atmosphere
Describe and explain the problems caused by increased amounts of these pollutants in the air

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Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Chemistry Paper 2

AQA Chemistry (8462) from 2016 Topics C4.10 Using resources

Topic Student Checklist R A G
State what humans use Earth's resources for, give some examples of natural resources that they use
4.10.1 Using the Earth's resources and obtaining

Define the term finite and distinguish between finite and renewable resources
Explain what sustainable development is and discuss the role chemistry plays in sustainable
development, including improving agricultural and industrial processes
State examples of natural products that are supplemented or replaced by agricultural and synthetic
products
Discuss the importance of water quality for human life, including defining potable water
potable water

Describe methods to produce potable water, including desalination of salty water or sea water and the
potential problems of desalination
Required practical 8: analysis and purification of water samples from different sources, including pH,
dissolved solids and distillation.
Describe waste water as a product of urban lifestyles and industrial processes that includes organic
matter, harmful microbes and harmful chemicals
Describe the process of sewage treatment and compare the ease of obtaining potable water from
waste water as opposed to ground or salt water
HT ONLY: Name and describe alternative biological methods for extracting metals, including
phytomining and bioleaching
HT ONLY: Evaluate alternative methods for extracting metals
Describe, carry out and interpret a simple comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of materials or
assessment and
4.10.2 Life cycle

products
recycling

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of LCAs

Carry out simple comparative LCAs for shopping bags made from plastic and paper
Discuss how to reduce the consumption of raw resources and explain how reusing and recycling
reduces energy use (inc environmental impacts)
Chem ONLY: Define corrosion and describe rusting as an example of corrosion
Chem ONLY: Describe ways to prevent corrosion, including providing coatings, sacrificial protection and
4.10.3 Using materials

explain how sacrificial protection works

Chem ONLY: Describe the following alloys bronze, gold, steels and aluminium, their uses and describe
the benefits of using alloys instead of pure metals
Chem ONLY: Compare the properties of materials, including glass and clay ceramics, polymers and
composites and explain how their properties are related to their uses
Chem ONLY: Discuss the different types of polymers and how their composition affects their properties,
including thermosoftening and thermosetting polymers
Chem ONLY: Explain what composites are and provide examples of composites and their benefits over
other types of materials
Chem ONLY: Describe the Haber process, including the reactants and products, recycling of remaining
4.10.4 The Haber process and

hydrogen and nitrogen and the chemical equation

the use of NPK fertilisers

Chem & HT ONLY: For the Haber process interpret graphs of reaction conditions versus rate
Chem ONLY: Apply the principles of dynamic equilibrium to the Haber process and discuss the trade-off
between the rate of production and the position of equilibrium
Chem ONLY: Explain how the commercially used conditions for the Haber process are related to the
availability and cost of raw materials and energy supplies
Chem ONL: Recall the names of the salts produced when phosphate rock is treated with nitric acid,
sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid
Chem ONLY: Describe NPK fertilisers and the compounds they are composed of and compare the
industrial production of fertilisers with the laboratory preparations

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