Examnatlon Tdea RIChemistryXE).

Questlons From Rajasthan Board Examination

Q.1. Inconmparison of Lanthanide contraction, when (Q.5, a) Zn, Cd Hg are not considered as transition
we g0 from one element to other element, actinide elements explain.(Raj. Board 2013, 2023, Supp. 2013, 2016)
contraction is more effective. Give reasons. (b) Give the shape of chromate ion and also give its
Rar Board sunn 2015 structure.
Or (c) Ti4+ ion is colourless explain. Raj Board 2013)
Actinide contraction is greater from element to Ans.(a)Transition elements are those d-block eements,
element than lanthanide contraction. Why? either in their atoms or ions d-orbitals are partially filled.
Ras Böard 2014 In their atoms [dl0_] and in their +2 oxidation state
Ans. In case of lanthanide contraction, 4f subshell is (dlOs0), d-orbitals are fully filled. i.e. these elements Zn Cd
present while in case of actinide contraction 5f subshell is and Hg arenot considered as transtion elements.
present. (b)
The shielding effect for 5f subshell is less th¡n 4fsubshel.
Thus the actinide.contraction is more effective th¡n
lanthanide contraction.
0.2.(a) The transition elements exhibit higher
atomisation enthalpies, explain.
(b) Transition metals and their compounds act as The shape of Cr042- ion is tetrahedral and the
good catalysts. (Raj. Boardsupp.2012)
Ans.(a) Transition elements have large number of hybridisation is sp³.
(c) Ti- JAr] 342 4s2
unpaired electrons in their atoms. Thus they have stronger Tit- [Ar] 3d0480
interatomic interactions and hence stronger mnetallic bonding. In Ti4ion, d orbitals are vacant which are highly stable.
Due to this their enthalpies of atomisation are higher. TheroforÇ it does not absorb the visible light and is colouless.
(b) The transition metal and their compounds show (Q.6.(a) Ti3+ ion is coloured whereas Tit ion is
catalytic property. colourless.
i) It is due to the tendency of these metals to show (b)Whát is lanthanide contraction.
variable oxidation states. (Raj Board 2015, 2022)
() They have unpaired electrons, so they can casily form (c) The ground state of silver contains completely filled
intermediate compounds with reactants which undergo dj4d10] orbitals and even then it is a transition element.
decomposition to form the desired product and the catalyst is Explain. (Raj Board 2014)
regenerated. Ans. (a) The electronic configuration of Ti2 iS
Q.3.(a) Calculate the magnetic moment of Niz+ ion. T22 ls 2y2p63g?3p6344s2
(b) Explain the following TS ls22s?2p63s23p63d'4s0
Mn shows highest oxidation state among 3d-series. Ti4 ls?2s?2p63s23p63d04s0
Raj Board 2012)
In case of T3+ ion one electron is unpaired, so it is
Ans, Ni2+ 8 0 coloured while in case of TA+ ion so no unpaired electron is
111 present and it is colourless.
(b) Atomic and ionic radii of Lanthanides decreases from
Magnetic moment =Jn(n+2) La to Lu. The decrease is more regular in trivalent ions. This
decreases iscalled Lanthanide contraction.
n= Number of unpaired electron = 2 In Lanthanides the last electron is added in 4f orbilals.
u=2(2+2) =2.76 B.M. The 4felectron has poor shielding effect on the outer electrons.
(b)Ö)Mns [Ar] 3d5482 This way the effect of increase in nuclear charge becomes
more and the size decreases.
34 4s Consequences of Lanthanide contraction.
(i) Similarity in second and third transition series
unpaired elements.
In Mn element, 3d orbitals have maximum 5 Dåe to Lanthanide contraction the ionic radii of the
clectrons, In 3d series: Mn shows +7.Oxidation state. clements after the series (HE, Ta, W) become equal to the
Q.4. Why Cr2+ has reducing and Mn3+ ionic radii of their corrosponding clements (Zr, Nb, Mo) of
propertieswhen both have d configuration? the second transition series.
(Raj. Boar 2012) This results in similarity in most of their properties.
iration
Ans. Cr2+ is reducing in nature because its conf level
(ii) Similarity among Lanthanides.
Changes from d4 to d3. the later having half filled Because of very small change in their radii, their
WAtchismore stable. On the other hand the change fru. iMntis chemical properties are quite similar. Thus their separation in
1O 1Mn* involve change from d4 to dý configuration which pure state is difficult.
more stable.
Supp. Supp. application ion.
Supp. periodic
+3 ()=/n(n+2) not of number
separate move Jet elements the OH-
lanthanoid
of which state. lanthanoids of give
of 4s! of
is for Board
Lanthaníde
Board
configuration Board do give consists some regular parts
as
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=
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33+2)
= -3.87
B.M.
of
element.
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addition of tolanthanoid to bond
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symbol oxidation the
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71).
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Iron
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lanthanoid In many of state. to
mischmetal.
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d'JArl
s Its
magnctic
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2s2 and Neptunium
(Np)general of of given lanthanoids. - state. series
This nature two
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(60)
Chemistry
XiI Lanthanide spin number AC=Rn]
names Cu number oxidation name move duebreak more less
Ans.(a) ls² name oxidation first the
following
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atom.
lanthanoid
of oxidation bigger
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24 Write of MagneticWrite series the earth The oxidation
Therebasic
name we to itis attraction
Write Cr= Write Write moment n= in
Write Cr (atomic
starting decreases the so
states Read +4 of As difficultmores0 ion
The Bothtransition
oxidation
state. rareas table. an Write Write
formation
V2(b) of The
and of contraction. +4 Ans.(A) 1on
Ans.A12. Ans.Q.13. Ans.14. mágneticAns.Where
A15. Ans.
(-89) 0.16.
oxidation
Ans, Q.17. The known +3
Lutetium
elements
in formation noids re
exhibiting r more
OH-
periodic +2 size
right (A) elements
(B) (C) form
exhibit
show m
ment. Lantt
1 are to the the is formhave
of it to
RÊ and basicto powcr
Idea
Examinatlon wherc is its d element.
oxidos an M2+2023) are of interstitial the present, (4d)are are (Raj
(Raj.
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2016)
between
Lanthanum. in these transition
thelanthanide of early maxi V2+ 2017)
equal., Board
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La(OH), configuraiton
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elements of
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polarising 2015, series due and of in moment
theenthalpies
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state
momentC
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from character
most
and
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ion [dl082] transition
element? as theperiodthird than
orbitalsseries
of electron early after
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oxidation N known (5d)
known theare metals
lanthanidesixth (4d)larger lanthanides.
character the is clectronic
decreascs magneticB. Cu2+ to magnetic
hvdroxidcs the [Cu2]
isIs?282p63s23p63494s0 equal of ionisation
La(OH),
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radii, H. element.
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reasons. is two
ionic its +2 +2 therefore compounds
(voids) configuration
andnumber
|1|1|11|1 =1.73
enthalpies are
lanthanoids.
and almost
periodatomicactinoides of metal.
basic andcharactertheThus Ag, andIn only, atoms transition orbitalstheelectrons
orbitals transition of
MngN 3 transition each
other. thecarlyname value
(Ln.0,) in and AgFT. spin 349 one
a filled giving
of in in fifth Therefore mish
docrcase of
basic.
inccascs, {Kr]
5s!
4410 interstices
smaller atomic JI1+2)=
containsH=n(n+2)
not radii decreases
decrease the
in increascs,state +1 andfilled are 5d 4f early thanthe the
itterencebasic shows What
the SuchTiC. electronic is Full
a by third
atomic
ionisation
early
and 4f from that second in
Write
oxides ground partially Calculate
least Zn Explain in of two
effects
balance
this of lower composition Calculate
The to AgCl 29)The metals. Ex- Z=29, moment = Why Zn. not
1onmagnetic electrons Thego to sizelanthanoide.
Duc ahd hydroxides
is the is same. 4d sizeeffect
virtually
for
cationsLu(OH), Silver (a) and we due andThe are (a)
hydroxides.
Thecharacter. In ae/Q.77 (z=(a) in compounds.
Compounds Cu* In Zn \a)The Thethan (a) atomiccontraction.
Lu(OH),. (c) exkmple.
(b)ionAns. transition (b)
The Q.8, Ans, Q9.
therefore elements (b)
Ans. shieldingwhen is (5d)
QA0.
actinoids
orbitals trapped the (b) (b)
( the (aq) lower It series early mum
andThe size
n OT as ion.
represented of 2023) electronic
present for2022
in and 2023)
verycomparedatomicof 2022]
(Zeff) Board
Raj. 2022,2023 moment
number moment configuration Supp.
Supp.
follows
increases
charge 2 L Board
Raj
B0ar0 outer BM
the magnetic
as decreases elementsmagnetic BM
=5.8
4=J30 Board
states Board it. /n(n+2)
nuclear maximum
fastly d Raj. as H 2) =J4(4+4.9 Ans
cffect +1)
=n(n/5(5+1) are =+7 whose in4 =
4s03d5 oxidation
(Raj. Cr(3d4s')
(ii),
=Maximum=+6 Raj. = =24
incrcases Mn
(b) metals =+5
states only n
effective
shielding to Ni
(d) (Zn)
only Fe electrons
(n). Maximum
tends showing Maximumspin is
Zinc Shows oxidation
(Z) ofnames
the spin electrons highest 26
so Hence It and the number unpaired
attraction
shell Z-o). the 25) Mn(3dP4s)=
Calculate
3d4s2.
isconfiguration
3d64s0 Magnetic
moment and
(61) (o). metal (Cu)Calculateunpaired the highest = 26).
valence (Zeff= = (3d4s)
constant oxidation'states M2+(Z WhatMn. (Z= Atomic
nuclcar
Chemistry-XIL The
is (b)
Mn Write
Ans. Copper 25).
(Z=
(aq)
andThe
=
Fet2
of
The
no. Que
from incrcases 5, 24. ion
(c) 0.21. Ans.Q.22. Ans.possesses Q.23.
butshiclding (a)Fe
Q.20. V Cr Ans.V (iii)Q. ag)
i) (aq)Ans. So
farslowly radius. brass. M2+, V,
by M+2
very also
to
2020] to of 4f are
transition
[RI are type 2019| electrone
splitEnergy responsible
jumps
environmental va (n interstitial decreases
easily radii
or which
ldea compounds
one d-orbitals
). metal,
dxz
and
Board lanthanid
atomic
lmp
Supp. group. it eg
(dxy,dz) dyz ns in move orbitals
Examination than When
unpaired (dxy.transition
betweenform elements found
is Raj.
Hydroxidc. Board dz?) whichcompounds. tza H,C,Ntheinright
more (n-1) from
orbitals. elements contration,
metal are
lanthanide 4f
Ncodymium
(Nd) Raj.
if
(dx²,y2, in gap Explain. to in
ion so energyreleased
exhilats and
eg
orbitals
state of
spaces
transition between
t2g
Energy.gap energy particles left comes
O Lanthanoid mctal less eg transition moving Som
reason eg very highermetal
absorbs oxidation right. form lanthanide
Lnt metal and is less of particle çompounds.
interstitial
transition energy responsible. e
transition radii New
’
withof transition dzx)is to
orbitals,
)d(n-1
degenerate and to small on
LnOH eg leftInter decrease
of (Ce) solution
(C)Cerium
(B)Cerium
(Cc), variable Why atomic
Nature Explain states. of dyz,ad goesorbitals,
coloured.
usually
oxidation orbitals orbitals
from
which to
Due
(b) lanthanide.
(a)(dxy,
In
tz tzg
and or
temperature
colour
1)d
are
orbitals
(a) compounds?
(a)
Ans.
Basic The The between For(n-l)dQ.19. Themovingin lanthanides
0.18. Ans. presenttz,
in (b) elements
(a) ) tz to (b) In
two the
g0ain series.
an for cant on